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Generated Narrative: ConceptMap SnomedProceduresToIchiWider

Mapping from SNOMED CT Procedure (descendants of 71388002) to http://id.who.int/ichi


Group 1 Mapping from SNOMED CT (all versions) to http://id.who.int/ichi (Ichi)

Source CodeRelationshipTarget CodeComment
282260003 (Activity of daily living procedures and interventions)maps to wider conceptSM1 (Self care, unspecified)ICHI's SM1 "Self care, unspecified" represents the general self care domain within the "Interventions on activities and participation domains" chapter, encompassing the classic ADLs (washing, dressing, toileting, eating, drinking, caring for body parts). The ICHI concept is slightly wider because "self care" in ICF/ICHI encompasses all self care activities broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets "activity of daily living procedures and interventions" which is a defined clinical subset.
442006003 (Determination of information related to transfusion)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI has no specific pretransfusion or blood compatibility testing intervention code. DTA.AC.ZZ covers all haematological function tests, which encompasses pretransfusion testing (typing, crossmatching, antibody screening) but is broader in scope.
225288009 (Environmental care procedure)maps to wider conceptUZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the environment, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for clinical/nursing environmental care of a patient's immediate surroundings. UZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified code under the "Interventions on the environment" chapter, which semantically encompasses environmental care procedures but is significantly wider in scope, covering all types of environmental interventions rather than specifically patient-level environmental management.
390906007 (Follow-up encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for a follow-up encounter. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match but is semantically broader, covering any type of health management encounter without specifying the follow-up context that the SNOMED concept conveys.
185316007 (Indirect encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for indirect or non-face-to-face encounters. PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers all health management encounters (both direct and indirect) without specifying the mode of delivery, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an encounter without direct patient-provider contact.
309517006 (Multisystem therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a specific intensive psychotherapeutic intervention targeting multiple systems (family, peers, school, community) around the individual. PZB.PQ.ZZ captures both the psychotherapeutic nature and holistic whole-person scope, but it is semantically broader because it encompasses any form of whole-person psychotherapy, not specifically the multisystemic approach.
308335008 (Patient encounter procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI code representing a generic health encounter. The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any procedure occurring during a patient encounter, while the ICHI code covers unspecified health management encounters as a whole-person intervention — making the ICHI code wider as it represents the general encounter concept without specifying a particular procedure type.
133858001 (Preoperative procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific preoperative procedure code. PZB.AA.ZZ covers whole-person health assessments which subsume the core clinical activity of preoperative evaluation, but it is broader because it applies to any general health assessment context, not exclusively preoperative ones.
362958002 (Procedure by site)maps to wider conceptBlockL2-??. (Interventions on body systems or functions)The ICHI block "Interventions on body systems or functions" is the top-level grouper for all interventions organized by anatomical body system, which aligns with SNOMED's "Procedure by site" concept. However, the ICHI block is wider because it also encompasses interventions grouped by body functions (not just anatomical site), making it broader in scope.
236362008 (Procedure for male sexual function disorder)maps to wider conceptNUA (Sexual functions)NUA is the ICHI grouper category for all interventions targeting sexual functions, which semantically encompasses procedures for male sexual function disorder. However, NUA is broader because it covers sexual functions for both males and females, not exclusively male sexual function disorders.
230880001 (Procedure on a subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)A subcutaneous CSF reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir) is a type of internal device in the ventricles of the brain, and "procedure on" maps well to "management of." The ICHI code is wider because it covers management of any internal ventricular device, not specifically a subcutaneous CSF reservoir.
773261007 (Procedure related to reproduction)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NUA (Interventions on genital or reproductive functions)The ICHI block "Interventions on genital or reproductive functions" is the closest structural match but is broader because it also encompasses genital functions (including sexual functions) that are not strictly reproductive in nature. ICHI does not have a standalone block dedicated exclusively to reproductive procedures; reproduction-related interventions are distributed across child blocks (fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, lactation) under this parent block.
225205005 (Procedures relating to eating and drinking)maps to wider conceptSM1 (Interventions on self care)ICHI has no single code combining eating (SMF) and drinking (SMG) interventions. The block "Interventions on self care" (SM1) is the lowest-level grouping that fully encompasses both eating and drinking procedures, but it is wider because it also includes other self-care domains such as washing, toileting, dressing, and caring for body parts.
710135002 (Promotion)maps to wider conceptVFZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on health-related behaviours, unspecified)ICHI has no single code for the abstract concept of "health promotion." VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified residual code within the "Interventions on health-related behaviours" chapter, which encompasses all health promotion activities (education, awareness raising, advocacy, lifestyle interventions). It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all unspecified health-related behaviour interventions, not just those framed as "promotion."
710923000 (Provision of bedtime routine)maps to wider conceptATK.RB.ZZ (Practical support with sleep functions)"Practical support with sleep functions" encompasses the concept of providing a bedtime routine, as both involve hands-on assistance related to sleep. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of practical support for sleep functions, not only the specific structured bedtime routine described by the SNOMED concept.
72353004 (Psychosocial procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-ATF (Interventions on global psychosocial functions)The ICHI block encompasses the full range of psychosocial intervention types (assessment, counselling, training, education, emotional support, peer support, etc.) targeting global psychosocial functions. It is wider because the SNOMED concept may include psychosocial procedures targeting specific conditions or domains (e.g., psychotherapy for pain, social support services) that fall outside this particular ICHI block, making the relationship broader in action types covered.
225190004 (Stoma appliance procedure)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers all aspects of stoma management (not elsewhere classified), which includes but is not limited to appliance-related procedures. The SNOMED concept is specifically focused on stoma appliance procedures (fitting, changing, maintaining the collecting device), making the ICHI code semantically broader.
102986000 (Straight line walking test)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The straight line walking test is a specific type of gait pattern test that evaluates balance and coordination by having the patient walk in a straight line (heel-to-toe). MVG.AC.ZZ encompasses all gait pattern tests, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
176240001 (Activation of artificial bladder neck sphincter in female)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no specific code for activation of an artificial bladder neck sphincter. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as "management of internal device" encompasses device activation, but it is wider because it covers all types of device management (not just activation) for the entire urinary bladder (not just the bladder neck), and does not distinguish by sex.
176280005 (Activation of artificial urinary sphincter around male bladder neck or urethra)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no specific code for activation of an artificial urinary sphincter or for management of a device at the bladder neck or urethra. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as it covers management of an internal device in the urinary bladder region, but it is wider because it encompasses all types of device management (not just activation) and refers to the urinary bladder generally rather than specifically the bladder neck or urethra, and does not specify the device type (artificial sphincter) or patient sex (male).
236272008 (Activation of bulbar urethral prosthesis for incontinence)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI lacks a specific code for management of an internal device of the urethra. NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which encompasses the artificial urinary sphincter used for continence. This ICHI code is broader because it covers all device management actions (not just activation) and targets the bladder generally rather than the specific bulbar urethral prosthesis.
183345007 (Daily living activity therapy)maps to wider conceptSM1.PH.ZZ (Training in self care, unspecified)SM1.PH.ZZ covers training in self care (washing, dressing, toileting, eating), which is the core meaning of ADL therapy. However, the ICHI concept of "self care" may be slightly narrower than SNOMED's "daily living activity therapy," which could also encompass domestic life tasks (cooking, household management); in ICHI these are separated into a different block (SN1). The ICHI code "self care, unspecified" is a broad umbrella that covers all unspecified self care training, making the ICHI code broader in its therapeutic scope.
1230227001 (Preparation of clothing for subject)maps to wider conceptSME.RB.ZZ (Practical support with dressing)SME.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support with dressing (a self-care activity), which encompasses preparing clothing as one component. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to the preparatory step of getting clothing ready, while the ICHI code is broader and includes any practical dressing support.
710121004 (Promotion of ability to self transfer)maps to wider conceptSHG.PH.ZZ (Training in transferring oneself)"Training in transferring oneself" targets the same activity (self-transfer/transferring oneself) and the training action closely aligns with "promotion of ability." However, the ICHI code is slightly wider because "training" encompasses all training activities related to self-transfer, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting the ability/independence aspect of self-transfer.
710122006 (Promotion of physical mobility)maps to wider conceptVEB.PH.ZZ (Training to influence physical activity behaviours)The SNOMED concept specifically targets promotion of physical mobility (the ability to move), while the ICHI code VEB.PH.ZZ covers training to influence the broader category of physical activity behaviours, which subsumes physical mobility but also encompasses other physical activity domains. Both involve interventions aimed at improving movement and activity, but the ICHI code has a wider scope.
225206006 (Sleep and rest interventions)maps to wider conceptVEC (Interventions on sleep and rest behaviours)The ICHI block VEC ("Interventions on sleep and rest behaviours") covers both sleep and rest interventions, matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. However, VEC is situated within the broader "health-related behaviours" chapter and encompasses not only individual clinical interventions but also public health, policy, and advocacy interventions, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which typically refers to individual-level clinical/nursing interventions for sleep and rest.
310411006 (Administrative checking procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for administrative checking or verification procedures. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual "not elsewhere classified" category under health management encounters, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of an administrative checking procedure but is the most semantically appropriate placement.
308291000 (Administrative transfer procedure)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI's "Referral to health provider" encompasses directing a patient to another health provider, which is broader than the specific administrative transfer procedure in SNOMED CT. An administrative transfer is a specific type of referral/care redirection, while UEP.TI.ZZ covers referrals more generally, making the ICHI code wider in scope.
305056002 (Admission procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no direct concept for "admission procedure." PZB.ZZ.ZZ ("Health management encounter, unspecified") is the closest match as it represents a general health management encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider than an admission procedure because it encompasses any unspecified health management encounter, not specifically an admission to care.
1371320001 (Assistance with application for family strengthening program)maps to wider conceptUCB.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from immediate family)UCB.RG.ZZ covers the provision of any services related to immediate family support, which encompasses assistance with applying for a family strengthening program but is broader in scope. The SNOMED concept specifies a particular type of service activity (helping with a program application) within the wider domain of family support service provision captured by this ICHI code.
1153461008 (Collaborating about electrolyte therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to medications)ICHI lacks a specific collaboration code within the electrolyte balance domain (ETE). UAC.TD.ZZ captures the correct action type (collaboration/TD) and relates to medications, which encompasses electrolyte therapy products, but it is broader because it covers all medications rather than electrolyte therapy specifically.
1153462001 (Collaborating about fluid therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ captures interprofessional collaboration (TD = Collaborating) at the individual patient level, which is the closest ICHI concept to "collaborating about fluid therapy." However, it is broader because it covers general case coordination across all aspects of care, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about collaboration regarding fluid therapy; ICHI has no therapy-specific collaboration code.
370784006 (Collaborating in fluid and electrolyte management)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ETE (Interventions on water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions)The ICHI block covers all interventions on water, mineral, and electrolyte balance functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes a collaborative care activity in fluid and electrolyte management. ICHI lacks a specific code for collaborative management of electrolyte balance; the block is the closest domain match but encompasses assessment, education, and all other intervention types on this function.
370785007 (Collaborating in initiating patient controlled analgesia initiation)maps to wider conceptAXA.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of medication for pain)Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most commonly delivered via intravenous infusion for pain management, making AXA.DB.AF the closest clinical match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all intravenous pain medication administration without distinguishing the patient-controlled delivery mechanism or the specific collaborative/initiation aspects described in the SNOMED concept.
445101000124100 (Collaborating in nutrition therapy)maps to wider conceptVEA.TD.ZZ (Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to eating behaviours)VEA.TD.ZZ captures the collaborative action in relation to eating/nutrition, which aligns with the core meaning of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of collaboration or partnership-building related to eating behaviours (including public health and population-level partnerships), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to collaborating in nutrition therapy at the individual clinical care level.
307928008 (Death administrative procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for death-related administrative procedures (death certification, death registration, death notification, etc.). PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "other" category under whole-person health management encounters, making it semantically wider than the specific SNOMED concept, which refers exclusively to administrative procedures surrounding a patient's death.
310410007 (Deregistration procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for patient deregistration from a healthcare provider. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual category for health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses administrative health management activities including deregistration but is semantically broader.
425705009 (Determination of acuity level)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Determination of acuity level" (triage) is a specific type of whole-person assessment focused on assigning clinical urgency/severity, while ICHI's "General health assessment" encompasses any whole-person health assessment and is therefore broader. ICHI has no dedicated triage or acuity-level determination code.
185499000 (Expedite appointment)maps to wider conceptPZB.TC.ZZ (Navigating the service system)"Navigating the service system" encompasses all activities involved in helping a person access and move through health services, which includes expediting appointments as one specific instance. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for appointment scheduling or prioritization.
303273007 (Foster care procedures)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)ICHI lacks a specific foster care code. UEO.RG.ZZ covers providing general social support services, which encompasses foster care as one type of social support service, but is substantially broader — it includes all general social support services, systems, and policies, not just foster care specifically.
401165003 (GP out of hours service administration)maps to wider conceptUEP.VO.ZZ (Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to health services, systems and policies)UEP.VO.ZZ covers the organizational/administrative coordination of health services broadly, which encompasses the specific activity of administering a GP out-of-hours service. However, the ICHI code is significantly wider as it lacks any specificity to primary care/GP services and to out-of-hours provision.
386318002 (Health policy monitoring)maps to wider conceptUEP.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning health services, systems and policies)UEP.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance (monitoring) of health services, systems, and policies, which encompasses health policy monitoring but is broader in scope — it includes surveillance of health services and systems in addition to policies. The SNOMED concept focuses specifically on monitoring health policy.
311791003 (Information gathering)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)SNOMED's "Information gathering" refers specifically to the act of collecting clinical information, which is a core component of a general health assessment. The ICHI code PZB.AA.ZZ is wider because "General health assessment" encompasses not only information gathering but also the evaluation and judgment aspects of a clinical assessment of the whole person.
386336002 (Insurance authorization)maps to wider conceptUEN.RB.ZZ (Practical support about social security services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specific code for insurance authorization. UEN.RB.ZZ covers practical support related to social security services, systems and policies, under which health insurance authorization falls, but the ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all forms of practical support across all social security domains.
270352002 (Medical examinations/reports)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" covers general-level health assessment of the whole person, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes medical examinations together with associated reports. The ICHI code subsumes the examination component but does not distinguish the reporting aspect.
12967003 (Nursing ward administrative procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for nursing ward administrative procedures. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category encompassing all health management encounters not classified elsewhere, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to administrative procedures performed in a nursing ward context.
386379000 (Organ procurement facilitation)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)Organ procurement facilitation is a coordination and logistical activity supporting the organ procurement process. ICHI has no specific code for organ procurement facilitation; "Case coordination" captures the coordination nature of the activity but is semantically broader, covering all types of case coordination rather than being specific to organ procurement.
58000006 (Patient discharge)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for the administrative act of discharging a patient. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter category, which is broader than the specific discharge act.
107726003 (Patient disposition)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)Patient disposition is a high-level administrative concept encompassing discharge, transfer, and admission decisions. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified health management encounter code, reflecting the composite and ambiguous nature of the concept.
308400007 (Patient recall procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)ICHI has no specific code for patient recall. "Case coordination" encompasses the coordination of healthcare activities for individual patients, of which recalling a patient for follow-up or screening is a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
310422005 (Prevention/screening invitation)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)The SNOMED concept specifically describes sending an invitation or recall notice to a patient for prevention/screening attendance, while VDB.VB.ZZ encompasses all forms of awareness raising to influence screening behaviours (campaigns, media outreach, and individual invitations), making the ICHI code broader.
165196007 (Procedures related to diagnosis)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The SNOMED concept is a very broad grouper for all diagnostic procedures. PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest assessment-type intervention code at the whole-person level; it encompasses general diagnostic/assessment activities but is wider because it also covers non-diagnostic health assessments.
243745007 (Provision of audiotaped services)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)ICHI code UAF.RD.ZZ covers providing all types of communication goods and products, which encompasses audiotaped materials but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to health services delivered via audio tape/recording format.
423899000 (Provision of community outreach care)maps to wider conceptUEP.VP.ZZ (Improving access to health services or health-related services in relation to health services, systems and policies)Community outreach care is a specific method of improving access to health services by proactively reaching underserved populations in the community. UEP.VP.ZZ captures this core purpose but is broader, encompassing all approaches to improving health service access (not just outreach).
1351730007 (Provision of payment for utility bill)maps to wider conceptSVA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in basic economic transactions)Paying a utility bill is a basic economic transaction, and providing that payment on someone's behalf constitutes practical support with engaging in such transactions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers practical support for all basic economic transactions (e.g., purchasing, bartering, saving), not just utility bill payments specifically.
410538000 (Scheduling)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)ICHI has no specific code for scheduling. "Case coordination" (PZB.TD.ZZ) encompasses the organization and coordination of health service delivery for a person, which includes scheduling as a component activity, but is semantically broader than scheduling alone.
386452003 (Supply management)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SM.ZZ covers the management of all products and technology in an unspecified context, which encompasses but is broader than the SNOMED concept of "Supply management" that specifically refers to the management of healthcare supplies. The ICHI code includes technology management and is not limited to the healthcare supply chain context.
342002 (Amobarbital interview)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)Amobarbital interview is a specific drug-facilitated psychotherapeutic technique targeting mental functions (used for conversion disorders, catatonia, dissociative states). ICHI has no code for drug-assisted psychiatric interviews specifically, so AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best fit as a broader category encompassing this type of therapeutic mental health intervention.
241729000 (Intraoperative wake-up test)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The intraoperative wake-up test is a specific clinical neurological assessment of motor function performed during spinal surgery to verify spinal cord integrity. AZZ.AA.ZZ is the appropriate residual neurological assessment category but is semantically broader as it encompasses all neurological assessments not elsewhere classified.
241725006 (Preoxygenation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)Preoxygenation is a specific application of oxygen therapy performed before anaesthesia induction to maximize oxygen reserves. ICHI's "Oxygen therapy" covers all forms of therapeutic oxygen administration on the whole body, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the pre-anaesthetic context.
88084009 (Resuscitation, anesthesia)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to resuscitation performed in the context of anesthesia. ICHI has no code that combines resuscitation with an anaesthetic setting.
241698006 (Reversal of anesthesia)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI has no specific code for reversal of anaesthesia. PZA.DB.AF covers intravenous pharmacotherapy administration, which encompasses the typical route used for administering anaesthesia reversal agents (e.g., sugammadex, neostigmine, flumazenil), but is substantially broader as it includes all IV drug administration regardless of purpose.
241714002 (Reversal of sedation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for reversal of sedation or pharmacological antagonism. PZA.DB.AZ covers administering pharmacotherapy to the whole body without specifying the route, which encompasses the act of administering a sedation-reversing agent (e.g., flumazenil, naloxone), but is broader as it applies to any pharmacotherapy.
424282004 (Trial for daily interruption of sedation during mechanically assisted ventilation)maps to wider conceptATC.AC.ZZ (Test of awareness and alertness functions)A daily sedation interruption trial is fundamentally a test of awareness and alertness conducted by temporarily stopping sedation in a mechanically ventilated patient. ATC.AC.ZZ captures the core intent (testing awareness/alertness) but is broader because it does not specify the sedation interruption mechanism, the daily schedule, or the mechanical ventilation context.
234862002 (Activate orthodontic archwire)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)"Activate orthodontic archwire" is a specific type of management action (activation/adjustment) on a specific external dental appliance (an orthodontic archwire). KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities on any external appliance of the tooth, making it semantically broader in both the particular appliance and the particular management action.
234873009 (Adjust cleft lip or palate strapping)maps to wider conceptKAA.LC.AA (Fixation of lip)ICHI has no specific code for adjusting cleft lip/palate strapping. KAA.LC.AA ("Fixation of lip") is the closest match as strapping is a form of external fixation of the lip, but this ICHI code is broader — it covers all forms of lip fixation (not just strapping), does not specify the adjustment action, and does not differentiate the cleft lip/palate context.
234866004 (Adjust lingual arch)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance of the tooth, which encompasses adjustment of a lingual arch but is broader in both the type of appliance (any external tooth appliance, not specifically a lingual arch) and the action (management generally, not specifically adjustment).
281835005 (Adjust orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)"Management of external appliance of tooth" encompasses all management activities for dental external appliances (including adjustment, inspection, and maintenance), while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to adjusting an orthodontic appliance. The ICHI code is broader both in the action (management vs. adjustment) and in the device scope (any external tooth appliance vs. specifically orthodontic).
424794007 (Application of brace)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)A brace is a type of assistive product, so "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified" semantically encompasses the application of a brace but is broader, covering all assistive products (not just braces/orthoses) at an unspecified body site.
118480003 (Application of cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers both cast and splint application, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to cast application only. Both are non-site-specific, but the inclusion of splints in the ICHI code means it encompasses a wider scope.
448400008 (Application of elastic hosiery)maps to wider conceptPNA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the correct action (installation/application of an assistive product) and body region (lower limb), matching the intent of applying elastic hosiery. However, it is broader because it encompasses any assistive product applied to the lower limb, not specifically elastic compression hosiery.
440393001 (Application of halo device to femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to femur)MLB.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the femur, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a halo device specifically. The body site (femur) and action (application) match exactly, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific type of external immobilisation device.
440548008 (Application of halo device to pelvis)maps to wider conceptMKB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis)MKB.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the pelvis, which encompasses halo devices but also other types of external immobilisation (casts, splints, other fixators). The SNOMED concept specifically names a halo device, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1230041002 (Application of incontinence sheath)maps to wider conceptNT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for application of an incontinence sheath (condom catheter/external urinary collection device). NT2.RB.ZZ is the best fit as a "not elsewhere classified" code for practical support with urinary functions, which encompasses the clinical purpose of applying an incontinence sheath but is semantically broader.
709102008 (Application of orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes orthodontic appliances as a specific type of dental device. The SNOMED concept is more specific (orthodontic appliances only), making the ICHI code semantically wider.
431503003 (Application of shoulder immobilizer)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to shoulder joint)MDJ.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the shoulder joint, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to a shoulder immobilizer. The target anatomy and action align well, but the ICHI code encompasses a wider range of devices (casts, splints, braces, etc.).
52037006 (Application of sling)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for sling application. PZX.LC.AH is the closest site-unspecified code for applying an external immobilisation device; a sling is functionally in the same category as casts and splints (external fixation/immobilisation). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses casts, splints, and similar devices rather than slings specifically.
79321009 (Application of splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH explicitly covers splint application at an unspecified body site, matching the generality of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it also includes cast application and is designated as a "not elsewhere classified" residual category, making its scope broader than splint application alone.
238208002 (Application of truss)maps to wider conceptPAA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to trunk)A hernia truss is an external assistive device applied to the trunk to support or contain a hernia. PAA.DP.AH covers the installation of any assistive product to the trunk, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept. ICHI has no more specific code for hernia truss or inguinal support device application.
11671000202108 (Assessment of visual aid use)maps to wider conceptUAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living)The SNOMED concept specifically addresses assessment of visual aid use, while UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal use in daily living. ICHI lacks a more specific code for visual aid assessment, making this the most appropriate match with a wider scope.
11601000202103 (Assisting with visual aids)maps to wider conceptSAA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with watching)SAA.RB.ZZ covers all practical, hands-on support for the activity of watching (purposeful use of sight), which encompasses but is not limited to assisting a person with visual aids such as spectacles or magnifiers. The ICHI code is broader because it includes any form of practical support with watching, not just visual aid-related assistance.
712586006 (Care of incontinence appliance)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for incontinence appliance management. UAD.SM.ZZ captures the correct action (management/care of an assistive product) applied to the correct domain (personal use in daily living), but is broader because it covers all daily living products rather than incontinence appliances specifically.
274480009 (Cast removal)maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific "removal of cast or splint" code. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from any body site using an external approach, which subsumes cast removal but is semantically broader since "assistive product" encompasses devices beyond casts.
223491008 (Checking fit of appliance)maps to wider conceptUA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology, unspecified)"Checking fit of appliance" is specifically about assessing whether an appliance fits correctly, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of assessing products and technology in general. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of assessment of any products and technology, not just fit-checking of appliances.
440474004 (Checking of arm sling)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)"Checking of arm sling" is a specific management activity (inspection/verification) of a specific assistive product (arm sling), while UAD.SM.ZZ covers management of all products and technology for personal daily living. The ICHI code is semantically broader in both action scope (all management, not just checking) and target scope (all daily living products, not just arm slings).
386248001 (Contact lens care)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for contact lens care. UAD.SM.ZZ captures the concept of managing a personal-use product/technology (which includes contact lenses as a vision aid for daily living), but it is substantially broader because it encompasses management of all products and technology for personal daily living, not just contact lenses.
447761008 (Dome osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)ICHI's "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site" covers all osteotomy techniques at an unspecified anatomical location, which subsumes "Dome osteotomy" — a technique-specific osteotomy also without a specified site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the dome cutting technique from other osteotomy methods (wedge, chevron, etc.).
438299001 (Fitting of arm sling)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)An arm sling is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb, and "application" aligns with "fitting." However, PMA.LC.AH is broader because it covers all external immobilisation devices to the upper limb (casts, splints, braces, etc.), not specifically arm slings.
1286899007 (Fitting of complete orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application/fitting of any dental device to teeth, which includes orthodontic appliances but is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a "complete orthodontic appliance" specifically. The ICHI code does not distinguish orthodontic devices from other dental devices, nor complete from partial appliances.
1269384005 (Fitting of component of fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting/placement) of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses fitting a component of a fixed orthodontic appliance. However, the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to orthodontic devices or to individual components of a fixed appliance.
1286814001 (Fitting of functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the fitting of a functional orthodontic appliance as a specific type. ICHI does not have a more specific code distinguishing orthodontic appliances from other dental devices.
1285570003 (Fitting of neonatal orthodontic plate)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC is the closest match because a neonatal orthodontic plate is a dental/oral device and "application" aligns with "fitting." However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications without specifying orthodontic plate type, neonatal population, or palatal target site.
1285451006 (Fitting of orthodontic headgear)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to the teeth, which subsumes orthodontic headgear fitting but is broader because it includes all types of dental devices (braces, retainers, splints, etc.), not just orthodontic headgear specifically.
1285048006 (Fitting of removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses removable orthodontic appliances. However, the ICHI code does not distinguish between removable versus fixed devices, nor does it specify orthodontic purpose specifically.
448902008 (Fitting of spectacles)maps to wider conceptUAD.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products for personal use in daily living)ICHI does not have a specific code for fitting spectacles. UAD.DP.ZZ covers installation of all assistive products for personal daily living, which encompasses spectacles fitting but is semantically broader since it is not restricted to vision correction devices.
228602004 (Fitting of splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers both casts and splints applied to any unspecified body site, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to fitting of a splint. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but also includes cast application.
1269386007 (Fixation of orthodontic bracket to enamel of tooth using bonding agent)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses the bonding of an orthodontic bracket. However, it is broader because it does not specify the device type (orthodontic bracket), the target structure (enamel), or the method (bonding agent).
55656007 (Fixed appliance therapy)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific orthodontic intervention code. KAE.LC.AC is the best available match as fixed appliance therapy involves applying a fixed dental device (brackets, bands, archwires) to teeth, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers the application of any dental device, not exclusively fixed orthodontic appliances.
178686002 (Halo skull traction for fracture of spine)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers halo traction device insertion, which is the core procedure described in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs and does not specify the clinical indication (fracture of spine).
239614008 (Insertion of additional external fixator pin)maps to wider conceptMRB.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)The ICHI code covers percutaneous application of any external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, matching the non-site-specific and percutaneous nature of the SNOMED concept. However, it is broader because it refers to the full application of an external immobilisation device rather than specifically an additional pin into an already-placed external fixator.
443291003 (Insertion of bone pin with skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMRB.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)The ICHI code covers percutaneous application of any external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, which subsumes skeletal traction pin insertion. The SNOMED concept specifically describes inserting a bone pin for skeletal traction, whereas the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous external immobilisation devices and does not distinguish the traction purpose.
1285467000 (Insertion of dental trauma splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC encompasses the insertion of a dental trauma splint, as a trauma splint is a type of dental device. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the application of any dental device, not specifically trauma splints.
1870001 (Insertion of halo device of skull with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)MAA.DL.AA covers the insertion of a halo traction device on the skull, which directly matches the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs insertion, and does not specifically capture the "synchronous skeletal traction" component described in the SNOMED term.
234819003 (Insertion of interocclusal appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses interocclusal appliances (occlusal splints, bite plates, bite guards) but is semantically broader. ICHI does not distinguish interocclusal appliances from other dental devices.
232491007 (Insertion of intranasal splints)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)JAA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the nose, which encompasses intranasal splints but is not limited to them. The SNOMED concept specifies the particular device type (intranasal splints), making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1285571004 (Insertion of neonatal orthodontic plate)maps to wider conceptKAT.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of hard palate)KAT.DN.AA covers implantation of any internal device into the hard palate, which is broader than the specific insertion of a neonatal orthodontic plate. The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device (orthodontic plate vs. other devices), the patient population (neonates), or the removable nature of the appliance.
443198001 (Insertion of night mouth guard)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A night mouth guard (occlusal splint) is a specific type of dental device, and its insertion is a specific instance of "application of dental device." The ICHI code is broader because it covers all dental devices, not just nocturnal occlusal guards for bruxism protection.
450610003 (Insertion of orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application (insertion/placement) of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the more specific concept of inserting an orthodontic appliance. The SNOMED concept is limited to orthodontic appliances, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
815954000 (Insertion of removable orthodontic space maintainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses the insertion of a removable orthodontic space maintainer but is broader because it applies to any dental device, not specifically a removable orthodontic space maintainer.
698974003 (Insertion of single incision mid-urethral mini-sling)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AC (Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck)The ICHI code covers all transvaginal suspension procedures on the bladder neck, which is the broader category encompassing mid-urethral mini-sling insertion. The SNOMED concept is more specific, identifying a particular type (single incision mini-sling) of what ICHI classifies generally as transvaginal bladder neck suspension.
443649006 (Insertion of sports mouth guard)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device, which encompasses a sports mouth guard as one specific type. The SNOMED concept specifies a particular kind of dental device (sports mouth guard), making the ICHI code broader in scope.
174289008 (Insertion of supralevator sling)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)A supralevator sling is a specific type of bladder neck suspension procedure for urinary incontinence, where the sling is placed above the levator ani muscle. ICHI code NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck, making it semantically broader than the specific supralevator sling technique.
112934001 (Insertion of tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)MAA.DL.AA covers insertion of skull tongs or halo traction devices broadly, encompassing the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it explicitly describes skull tongs (not halo) combined with synchronous skeletal traction, making the ICHI code wider.
313041002 (Making of appliance)maps to wider conceptUA1.SJ.ZZ (Manufacturing of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SJ.ZZ covers manufacturing of all products and technology in a health context, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to fabrication of medical/health appliances. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but also includes manufacturing of non-appliance products and technology.
429618000 (Manual securing of endotracheal tube)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)ICHI has no specific code for securing or fixating an endotracheal tube. JBA.DL.AC is the closest match because securing the tube is a component step of the insertion procedure, but the ICHI code encompasses the entire insertion intervention and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the manual securing activity.
64111008 (Physical medicine evaluation and review for prosthetic program)maps to wider conceptUAE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mobility-related assistive technology products, which includes prostheses but also encompasses wheelchairs, walking aids, and other mobility devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating a patient for a prosthetic program, making it a narrower subset of this broader ICHI assessment category.
25928001 (Physical medicine initial examination for prosthetic program)maps to wider conceptUAE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal mobility and transportation, which encompasses prosthetic devices but is broader. The SNOMED concept specifically describes an initial physical medicine examination for a prosthetic program, and the ICHI code does not distinguish initial versus follow-up assessments nor restrict scope to prosthetics.
39130003 (Placement of collagen shield on cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.DK.AH (Application of bandage contact lens to cornea)A collagen corneal shield is a biodegradable protective device placed on the corneal surface that functions analogously to a bandage contact lens. The ICHI code covers the broader category of bandage contact lens application to the cornea, which encompasses the more specific collagen shield variant.
815955004 (Placement of orthodontic bracket using partial bonding)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses orthodontic brackets. However, it is broader because it does not specify the type of device (orthodontic bracket) or the technique (partial bonding).
815956003 (Placement of orthodontic traction chain)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which matches the placement of an orthodontic traction chain. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all dental devices, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an orthodontic traction chain used for forced eruption of impacted or displaced teeth.
313047003 (Prescription of appliance)maps to wider conceptUA1.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.TI.ZZ is the general unspecified prescription code for products and technology in ICHI, which encompasses prescribing an appliance. It is wider because ICHI's "products and technology" scope includes non-medical items beyond what the clinical SNOMED term "appliance" typically covers.
178703001 (Primary closed reduction spinal fracture and skull traction stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LD.AH (Closed reduction of cervical spine)The use of skull traction implies a cervical spine location. MBA.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the cervical spine but is broader because it does not specify the traction method or the stabilization component, encompassing all closed reduction techniques for the cervical spine.
971009 (Prosthetic construction and fitting)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single code combining both prosthetic construction and fitting. PZX.DP.AH captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to any body site, the primary clinical intent, but is wider because it covers all assistive product installations (not just prostheses) and does not include the construction/manufacturing aspect.
31965002 (Prosthetic evaluation for artificial limb fitting)maps to wider conceptUAE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal mobility and transportation, which includes artificial limb prostheses but also encompasses wheelchairs, walking aids, and other mobility devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating a patient for artificial limb fitting, making it a narrower subset.
243704004 (Provision of appliances)maps to wider conceptUA1.RD.ZZ (Providing products and technology, unspecified)UA1.RD.ZZ covers providing all products and technology (unspecified), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to appliances (medical devices/assistive products). The ICHI code encompasses all types of products and technology provision without restriction to medical appliances.
315629008 (Release of suprapubic sling)maps to wider conceptNAM.FC.AA (Release of urethra)NAM.FC.AA covers the correct anatomical target and action type, as releasing a suprapubic sling is a form of urethral release that relieves compression on the urethra. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all urethral release procedures, not specifically sling release.
714146009 (Removal of AO external fixator)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision)ICHI has no specific code for removal of an external fixator. MRB.JD.AH covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site without incision, which encompasses fixator pin removal from bone. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all internal devices and foreign bodies in any bone, not just AO external fixators.
67751006 (Removal of back brace)maps to wider conceptPAA.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from trunk)PAA.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from the trunk region, which includes back braces but also other trunk-applied assistive products. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to a back brace, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
302489004 (Removal of complete external fixator)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site without incision, which encompasses external fixator removal (since fixator pins are internal to bone and removal typically requires no new incision). The ICHI code is broader, not limited to external fixators specifically.
1366361003 (Removal of external fixation ring from bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)MRB.JD.AA covers removal of any device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of removing an external fixation ring. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for external fixation ring removal, and the JD action type encompasses removal of both internal and external therapeutic devices.
239622001 (Removal of external fixator pin)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision)MRB.JD.AH covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone without incision at an unspecified site, which encompasses but is broader than the specific removal of an external fixator pin. The "without incision" approach matches the clinical reality of pin removal (unscrewing through existing tract).
232492000 (Removal of intranasal splints)maps to wider conceptJAA.JD.AC (Removal of intraluminal internal device or foreign body from nose without incision)Intranasal splints are intraluminal devices placed inside the nasal cavity, and their removal is typically performed without incision, making JAA.JD.AC the most specific applicable ICHI code. However, it is wider because it covers removal of any intraluminal internal device or foreign body from the nose, not only splints.
173316001 (Removal of orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)An orthodontic appliance is an external appliance on teeth, making the anatomical target correct. However, the ICHI code uses "Management" which encompasses the full lifecycle of external appliance care (application, adjustment, and removal), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the removal action.
57896008 (Removal of penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a penile prosthesis specifically. NGM.JD.AA is the closest match as a penile prosthesis is an internal device in the penis, but the ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses removal of other internal devices and foreign bodies from the penis, not only prostheses.
32341006 (Removal of skull tongs)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision)ICHI has no specific code for removal of skull tongs. MAA.JD.AH is the best match because skull tongs are removed without incision (pins are unscrewed from the skull), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the skull, not specifically skull tongs/halo traction devices.
183201005 (Repair of appliance)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for "repair of appliance." UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of products and technology in general, but it is wider because "management" encompasses more than just repair (including adjustment, maintenance, etc.) and "products and technology" is broader than "appliance."
1234815001 (Replacement of incontinence appliance)maps to wider conceptUAD.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living)The SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing an incontinence appliance. UAD.KB.ZZ captures both the action (change/replacement) and the target domain (assistive products for daily living, which includes incontinence products) but is broader than just incontinence appliances, covering all personal daily living products and technology.
239621008 (Repositioning of external fixator pin)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for repositioning an external fixator pin. PZX.KB.AH covers interventions on external immobilisation devices (which include external fixators) at any body site, but it is wider because "replacement" of the entire device is a broader action than "repositioning" of a specific pin component.
178710007 (Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and skull traction stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers the core procedure (closed reduction of the vertebral fracture) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the skull traction stabilization method or the revision nature of the intervention. In ICHI, the skull traction and revision qualifier would need to be coded separately.
401304009 (Service of nebulizer)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)A nebulizer is a product/technology for personal use in daily living, and "service" (maintenance/servicing) maps to the ICHI action "management." However, UAD.SM.ZZ is broader because it covers management of all products and technology for personal daily living, not specifically nebulizers.
81533008 (Sling maintenance)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)A sling is an assistive product used for personal daily living support (limb immobilization/support), and "management" corresponds to "maintenance." However, UAD.SM.ZZ is broader because it covers management of all products and technology for personal use in daily living, not specifically slings.
52482000 (Sling removal)maps to wider conceptPMA.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A sling is a type of assistive product typically applied to the upper limb, making this ICHI code a reasonable match. However, the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses the removal of any assistive product from the upper limb, not specifically a sling.
84261002 (Splint removal)maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for splint removal. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from an unspecified body site, which subsumes splint removal since a splint is a type of assistive product (external immobilisation device). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses removal of all assistive products.
173328009 (Splinting of teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which includes dental splints but also other devices such as braces, retainers, and orthodontic appliances. The SNOMED concept is specifically about splinting, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
234770004 (Take impression for dental/oral splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for taking a dental impression; KAE.LC.AC is the most relevant code since a dental/oral splint is a dental device and impression-taking is a preparatory component of device application, but the ICHI code encompasses the full application process rather than just the impression step.
70201003 (Traction removal)maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for traction removal. PZX.SO.AH uses the correct action type (removal of an assistive product) and is non-site-specific, matching the generic SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers removal of any assistive product from any body site, not just traction devices.
372044003 (Verifying presence of appliance)maps to wider conceptUA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology, unspecified)The ICHI code covers any assessment of products and technology in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to verifying the presence of an appliance — a narrower action (checking presence only) on a narrower target (appliance rather than all products and technology).
250404007 (Blood compatibility test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Blood compatibility testing is a specific haematological test. DTA.AC.ZZ is the narrowest assignable intervention code encompassing haematological system testing, but it is broader because it covers all haematological function tests, not just compatibility testing.
252314007 (Blood transfusion test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Blood transfusion test encompasses all pretransfusion testing (ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, cross-matching). DTA.AC.ZZ covers all haematological function tests, which is broader in scope but the narrowest assignable code that encompasses pretransfusion testing.
31359006 (Special blood bank procedure, explain by report)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZY.ZY (Other specified interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)The SNOMED concept describes a specialized blood bank procedure requiring narrative explanation, which is inherently a residual/catch-all concept. DZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual "other specified" code for haematopoietic/lymphatic system interventions, making it broader since it covers any unclassified haematopoietic intervention, not just blood bank procedures.
102989007 (Eyes closed straight line walking test)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The eyes closed straight line walking test is a specific type of gait pattern test. MVG.AC.ZZ encompasses all gait pattern tests and is therefore semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept, which specifies the particular conditions (eyes closed, straight line) of the test.
104080009 (Determination of blood product release time)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI has no specific code for blood product release time determination. DTA.AC.ZZ is the most appropriate broader category that encompasses pre-transfusion blood product testing and determination procedures, but it covers all haematological system tests, making it considerably wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
104084000 (Measurement of volume of whole blood transfused)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI has no specific code for measuring transfusion volume. DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest match as it covers measurement activities within the haematological system domain, but it is broader because it encompasses all haematological system function measurements rather than specifically the volume of whole blood transfused.
104085004 (Measurement of volume of fresh frozen plasma transfused)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI has no specific code for measuring the volume of transfused blood products. DTA.AB.ZZ is the best match as it covers measurements within the haematological domain, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies measurement of the volume of a particular blood product (fresh frozen plasma) that was transfused.
104086003 (Measurement of volume of platelets transfused)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ covers all measurements of haematological system functions, which subsumes the specific measurement of platelet transfusion volume. ICHI lacks a specific code for measuring the volume of transfused platelets, so this broader haematological measurement category is the closest available match.
104087007 (Measurement of volume of red cells transfused)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ encompasses all measurements of haematological system functions, which includes but is not limited to measuring the volume of transfused red cells. The SNOMED concept is a specific type of haematological measurement, making the ICHI code broader.
105111000220109 (Replacement of dental implant prosthetic screw)maps to wider conceptKAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)ICHI code KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implant procedures broadly (including initial placement), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing only the prosthetic screw component of an existing dental implant. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for replacing a sub-component of a dental implant.
105261000220101 (Repair of fixed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance on teeth, which includes but is not limited to repair of a fixed orthodontic retainer. The ICHI code is broader in both the action (management encompasses repair, adjustment, and servicing) and the target appliance type (any external appliance, not specifically an orthodontic retainer).
107876005 (Operative procedure on integumentary system)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified)LZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified grouper category for all interventions on the integumentary system in ICHI, which encompasses both operative and non-operative interventions (e.g., imaging, functional assessments). The SNOMED concept is restricted to operative procedures, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
107907001 (Operative procedure on digestive system)maps to wider conceptKZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified)KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified/catch-all code for all interventions on the digestive system in ICHI. It is wider because ICHI's "interventions" encompasses all intervention types (diagnostic, therapeutic, functional, supportive) and not exclusively operative/surgical procedures as specified by the SNOMED concept.
107994000 (Operative procedure on hematopoietic system)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified)DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the entire haematopoietic or lymphatic system chapter in ICHI. It is wider because it encompasses both the haematopoietic and lymphatic systems (not just hematopoietic) and covers all intervention types (not only operative procedures).
1081101000112106 (Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)JBB.AE.AD represents bronchoscopy in general, which encompasses electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy as a specific subtype. ICHI lacks a code that captures the electromagnetic navigation guidance aspect, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
10821005 (Gastric fluid analysis, food, forensic)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for forensic gastric fluid or food analysis. KT2.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable "test" code for the digestive system and serves as a residual category that can encompass gastric fluid analysis, but it is significantly wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies forensic context, gastric fluid as the specimen, and food content as the analyte.
108219001 (Physician visit with evaluation AND/OR management service)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers a broad assessment of the whole person, which subsumes the evaluation component of a physician visit. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of provider type or whether management services are included.
10830002 (Health hazard appraisal)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Health hazard appraisal" is a specific type of health assessment focused on identifying and evaluating individual risk factors and health hazards, whereas ICHI's "General health assessment" encompasses any whole-person health evaluation including but not limited to hazard/risk appraisal.
1103661000000108 (Radioligand therapy using lutetium (177-Lu) labeled somatostatin analog)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic targeted radionuclide therapy or radioligand therapy. PZA.DB.AF captures the intravenous administration of a pharmacological agent to the whole body, which is how Lu-177 DOTATATE is delivered, but it is wider because it covers all IV pharmacotherapy and does not convey the radioactive, receptor-targeted, or tissue-destructive aspects specific to PRRT.
1287924001 (Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillator lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)The ICHI code covers a function check of the entire pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator system, while the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on the electrophysiologic evaluation of the defibrillator lead only. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing both device types and all components rather than just the lead.
287699009 (Emergency cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to emergency/urgent temporary pacing, while HFC.DL.AF covers all percutaneous transluminal endocardial temporary pacemaker insertions regardless of urgency. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses both emergency and non-emergency temporary pacemaker placements.
276308001 (General maintenance of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" semantically encompasses "general maintenance of cardiac pacemaker," as management and maintenance are closely synonymous in the cardiac device context. However, the ICHI code is wider because it also covers defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to pacemakers only.
233178005 (Insertion of endocardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)The ICHI code covers insertion of the entire temporary pacemaker system via percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes insertion of only the endocardial electrode (lead) for temporary pacing. The route and temporality match exactly but ICHI encompasses the full system rather than just the electrode component.
25267002 (Insertion of intracardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code covers the implantation of a permanent pacemaker system in the endocardium (intracardiac), which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but is wider because it also includes defibrillator systems and specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to pacemakers.
70573000 (Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code covers the implantation of the entire permanent pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads) via the most common clinical approach, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to insertion of only the pulse generator component. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a component of the full procedure.
443622006 (Insertion of temporary transvenous electrode of dual chamber cardiac pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF matches the temporary transvenous endocardial pacemaker insertion but is wider because ICHI does not distinguish dual chamber from single chamber pacemaker systems, nor does it differentiate electrode/lead insertion from full pacemaker system insertion.
443816004 (Insertion of temporary transvenous electrode of single chamber pacing pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF matches the transvenous insertion of a temporary pacemaker system but is wider because ICHI does not distinguish single chamber from dual/multi-chamber systems, nor does it specify electrode versus full system, making it semantically broader.
444437006 (Insertion of transvenous electrode of dual chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers the full percutaneous transluminal implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes only the transvenous electrode insertion component of a dual-chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator.
443742008 (Insertion of transvenous electrode of single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers the full percutaneous transluminal implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from multi-chamber devices, does not separate electrode/lead insertion from full system implantation, and includes pacemakers in addition to defibrillators.
448150008 (Interrogation of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)The ICHI code covers the same clinical activity (device function check/interrogation) but is wider because it applies to both pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to cardiac pacemakers only.
763343001 (Intraoperative insertion of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AA (Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system)The SNOMED concept specifically refers to pacemaker insertion during surgery, which in clinical practice is typically a temporary epicardial pacemaker. HFC.DL.AA covers all temporary epicardial pacemaker insertions regardless of surgical setting, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
175135009 (Introduction of cardiac pacemaker system via vein)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code accurately captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) approach to implanting an endocardial pacemaker system. However, the ICHI code is wider because it also includes defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to pacemaker systems only.
233184008 (Maintenance procedure for cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" closely matches "Maintenance procedure for cardiac pacemaker system" as both describe ongoing device care. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to pacemaker systems only.
432084000 (Management of permanent pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code covers management of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems without distinguishing permanent from temporary, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to permanent pacemaker management only.
62881002 (Removal of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to pacemaker removal. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset.
23325006 (Repair of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no specific "repair of pacemaker" code. HFC.SN.AA is the closest match as "management" encompasses repair activities on pacemaker devices, but it is wider because it also covers other management activities and includes defibrillator systems in addition to pacemakers.
46634008 (Repositioning of cardioverter/defibrillator leads)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a specific code for repositioning defibrillator leads. HFC.SN.AA is the closest match, as device management encompasses maintenance interventions such as lead repositioning, but it is broader because it covers all management activities on the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system.
228630004 (Repositioning of permanent transvenous electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AF covers all percutaneous transluminal management activities on pacemaker or defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to repositioning of the transvenous electrodes/leads only. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible management activities.
55455004 (Revision of pacemaker electrode leads)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a specific code for revision of pacemaker electrode leads alone. HFC.SN.AA encompasses maintenance and adjustment activities on implanted cardiac device systems including lead revision, but is wider because it covers the entire system and all management activities.
77453006 (Revision of permanent cardiac pacemaker device)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code is the closest match but is wider in two ways: it covers defibrillator systems in addition to pacemakers, and "replacement" is only one aspect of the broader surgical concept of "revision," which can also include repositioning or adjusting device components without full replacement.
398220006 (Ventricular pacing lead positioned)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to positioning a ventricular pacing lead, which is a sub-step of full pacemaker/defibrillator system implantation. HFC.DN.AF covers the entire percutaneous transluminal endocardial system implantation including all leads and generator, making it semantically broader.
110466009 (Pre-surgery evaluation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific preoperative evaluation concept. PZB.AA.ZZ ("General health assessment") is the closest match as a pre-surgery evaluation is a type of general health assessment, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all general health assessments regardless of whether they are performed in a preoperative context.
110467000 (Pre-surgery testing)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers any general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses pre-surgery testing but is not limited to it. ICHI lacks a specific preoperative context qualifier, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically testing performed in preparation for surgery.
112697007 (Operation on musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptMZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified)MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual category for the entire musculoskeletal system chapter in ICHI. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI "interventions" encompasses all intervention types (including imaging, assessment, and non-surgical procedures), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to surgical operations.
112731004 (Reduction of congenital hip dislocation by splint)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AH captures the core intervention (closed reduction of the hip joint) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the method of reduction (by splint) nor the congenital etiology of the dislocation.
112802009 (Cardiovascular surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptIZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified)IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category covering all unspecified interventions on the circulatory system. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all intervention types (diagnostic, therapeutic, functional, supportive) on the circulatory system, not only surgical procedures as specified by SNOMED.
112939006 (Ventricular shunt to head or neck structure)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)ICHI code AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular (brain CSF) shunt procedures without specifying the distal drainage destination, while the SNOMED concept specifically restricts the shunt to head or neck structures. The ICHI code is therefore broader.
112943005 (Epidural injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, caudal, continuous)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ABG.DC.AE covers all anaesthetic injections into the spinal canal, which includes epidural injections, but does not distinguish the caudal approach, diagnostic purpose, or continuous delivery method specified in the SNOMED concept.
1149092001 (Positive pressure ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)"Artificial ventilation" encompasses all methods of mechanically-assisted breathing, including positive pressure ventilation, negative pressure ventilation, and other techniques. The SNOMED concept specifies the positive pressure method specifically, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1156886000 (Promotion of nutrient intake consistent with requirements)maps to wider conceptSMF.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating)SMF.PN.ZZ is an individual-level intervention about advising on eating as a self-care activity, which encompasses promoting nutrient intake. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all advising about eating generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets promoting nutrient intake consistent with nutritional requirements.
1156958007 (Promotion of food and nutrient intake to support target weight and body mass)maps to wider conceptKTN.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions related to weight management)The ICHI code covers advising about all functions related to weight management (which could include exercise, metabolism, and other factors), while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting food and nutrient intake as the means to achieve target weight and body mass.
1156981009 (Implantation of dental endosseous implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)KAE.DN.AC directly represents the placement of a dental implant prosthesis under "Interventions on teeth." However, the ICHI code does not specify the endosseous (into-bone) route, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the endosseous type.
1162730005 (Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy)maps to wider conceptMRS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI code MRS.SC.BJ covers extracorporeal shockwave therapy at an unspecified body site without distinguishing intensity level, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes "low intensity" shockwave therapy.
1172583004 (Promotion of sleep hygiene)maps to wider conceptVEC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours)Sleep hygiene promotion is a specific form of education aimed at influencing sleep behaviours. VEC.PM.ZZ covers all education to influence sleep and rest behaviours, making it semantically broader than the narrower concept of sleep hygiene promotion specifically.
1173033008 (Endoscopy of pelvis)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AB (Laparoscopy)Laparoscopy (PAK.AE.AB) is the standard endoscopic procedure for visualizing the pelvic cavity, but in ICHI it covers the entire abdominopelvic cavity, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the pelvis alone.
1179010002 (Uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptNME.DK.AC (Tamponade of uterus)NME.DK.AC covers tamponade of the uterus by any method and for any indication, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage. The ICHI code is broader.
428909008 (Biphasic defibrillation procedure)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH represents external stimulation of the cardiac conducting system to convert arrhythmias, which encompasses defibrillation. However, the SNOMED concept specifically denotes biphasic waveform defibrillation, a narrower subset of cardiac arrhythmia conversion, making the ICHI code broader.
1287923007 (Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)The ICHI code covers function checks of both pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillators only. The ICHI code is broader in both scope (includes pacemakers) and method (general function check rather than specifically electrophysiologic evaluation).
426220008 (External ventricular defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers the conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia by any method, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to external defibrillation targeting ventricular arrhythmias. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing internal methods and non-ventricular arrhythmia conversions.
703984002 (Monophasic cardioversion procedure)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers all forms of cardiac arrhythmia conversion without distinguishing the waveform type, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes monophasic cardioversion. ICHI has no code that differentiates monophasic from biphasic waveforms.
429500007 (Monophasic defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)ICHI code HFC.SC.AH covers all forms of cardiac arrhythmia conversion (including defibrillation and cardioversion with any waveform type), while the SNOMED concept specifies only monophasic defibrillation — a specific waveform modality.
428625001 (Replacement of cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to cardioverter defibrillator replacement only. No more specific ICHI code exists that isolates defibrillator replacement from pacemaker replacement.
1371279004 (Reprogramming of cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no specific code for reprogramming a cardioverter defibrillator. HFC.SN.AA is the best match as reprogramming is one specific type of device management activity, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
446362009 (Argon plasma coagulation of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)Argon plasma coagulation is a specific endoscopic destruction modality applied to the colon, while ICHI code KBP.GA.AD covers all methods of endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of the colon without specifying the technique.
447978006 (Argon plasma coagulation of lesion of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)The ICHI code covers any endoscopic destruction method on a biliary duct lesion (or sphincter of Oddi), while the SNOMED concept specifies argon plasma coagulation as the particular destruction technique and targets only the bile duct. The ICHI code is broader in both modality and anatomical scope.
445936001 (Argon plasma coagulation of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Argon plasma coagulation is a specific endoscopic destruction technique. ICHI does not distinguish among destruction modalities for the oesophagus, so KBA.GA.AD encompasses all endoscopic destruction methods and is therefore semantically wider.
1287542001 (Coagulation of external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)ICHI's "Destruction of auricle of ear" encompasses all methods of tissue destruction (including coagulation, cauterization, cryotherapy, etc.) on the auricle, which is the principal structure of the external ear. The SNOMED concept specifies coagulation as the method, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1287544000 (Coagulation of lesion of inner ear)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)CCA.GA.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader in two ways: it covers all destruction modalities (not just coagulation) and targets the entire inner ear structure rather than specifically a lesion within it. No more specific inner ear destruction code exists in ICHI.
7012008 (Coagulation or electrocoagulation of spinal cord lesion)maps to wider conceptABA.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal cord)The SNOMED concept specifies a particular destructive method (coagulation/electrocoagulation) targeting a spinal cord lesion, while the ICHI code ABA.GA.AA covers destruction of the spinal cord by any method and does not distinguish lesion-targeted destruction.
56121000 (Repair of arteriovenous fistula by coagulation)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for arteriovenous fistula repair or coagulation-based repair. IZE.MK.AA correctly captures the repair action on a vascular structure, but is broader because it does not specify the target condition (arteriovenous fistula) or the method (coagulation).
386245003 (Community health development)maps to wider conceptUBC.VA.ZZ (Building capacity of the population in relation to health issues)UBC.VA.ZZ covers building health-related capacity at the population level, which encompasses community health development but is broader — it applies to the entire population rather than specifically to community-level development activities.
385758005 (Community special services assessment)maps to wider conceptUEO.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general social support services, systems, and policies, which encompasses the more specific concept of community special services assessment. The ICHI code is broader because it includes systems- and policy-level assessment.
385761006 (Community special services management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" encompasses the coordination and management of services for a person, which includes community special services management as a subset. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of case coordination, not limited to community special services.
386285009 (Environmental management: community)maps to wider conceptUB1.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)The SNOMED concept specifically addresses environmental management at the community level. UB1.TM.ZZ covers environment modification targeting the natural and human-made environment broadly without specifying a community scope, making it semantically wider.
385759002 (Provision of community special services)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing social support services at a community/systems level, which encompasses providing community special services. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all general social support service provision including systems and policies.
386455001 (Surveillance: community)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)UBC.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance at the population level, which encompasses community-level surveillance but is broader in scope — "population" is not restricted to the community context implied by the SNOMED concept.
409070005 (Tuberculosis community education)maps to wider conceptDTB.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no disease-specific or community-targeted education codes. DTB.PM.ZZ is the best match because TB education involves educating about immunological system functions, but the ICHI code is wider as it covers all immunological system education rather than being specific to tuberculosis.
1197612007 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI does not distinguish between specific ventilation modes. JTB.DE.AC encompasses all forms of mechanical ventilation, including IMV, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a particular ventilation mode.
1197766005 (Encounter by electronic text-based asynchronous communication)maps to wider conceptBlockL1-XG6 (Telehealth)ICHI does not have a specific code for text-based asynchronous electronic encounters. The Telehealth block covers all forms of telehealth delivery, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the asynchronous text-based modality.
1201991005 (Micropressure therapy)maps to wider conceptLT2.ZZ.ZZ (Other interventions to functions of the skin, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for micropressure therapy. LT2.ZZ.ZZ is a residual code under "Interventions on skin functions" that encompasses therapeutic skin interventions not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1222563003 (Implantation of dental zygomatic implant into zygomatic bone)maps to wider conceptMAC.DN.AA (Implantation of device into zygomatic bone)MAC.DN.AA matches the anatomical site (zygomatic bone) and action (implantation) exactly, but uses the broader term "device" rather than specifying a dental zygomatic implant, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
1222606000 (Continuous mandatory ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's "Artificial ventilation" encompasses all forms of mechanical ventilation without distinguishing modes, while the SNOMED concept specifies continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV), a particular mode. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader.
122451000 (Adjust denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A denture is an external removable appliance for teeth. KAE.SM.AC is broader because "management" encompasses adjustment, fitting, checking, and replacing external dental appliances, not just adjustment alone.
1230038006 (Provision of beverage)maps to wider conceptSMG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with drinking)SMG.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support with drinking (including providing a beverage, assisting with holding cups, positioning, etc.), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to providing a beverage.
1230133004 (Disinfection of room)maps to wider conceptUB1.VL.ZZ (Environmental remediation or decontamination to reduce threats to health, unspecified)The ICHI code covers environmental remediation or decontamination broadly (unspecified target), while the SNOMED concept specifically targets disinfection of a room. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but is broader in scope.
1234817009 (Changing of drainage bag)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no specific code for changing a drainage bag. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as the most common clinical context for drainage bag changes is urinary catheter care. However, it covers all management activities for urinary bladder devices and is body-system-specific while the SNOMED concept is not.
1236985008 (Injection of botulinum toxin into vocalis muscle using electromyography guidance)maps to wider conceptJAN.DB.AD (Injection into larynx)JAN.DB.AD covers injection into the larynx generally, which subsumes injection into the vocalis muscle. However, it does not specify the agent (botulinum toxin), the precise anatomical target (vocalis muscle), or the guidance method (electromyography), making it semantically broader.
1237136005 (Consultation with patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no direct "consultation" concept. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as a general health encounter on the whole person, but it encompasses any unspecified health management encounter, not just consultations specifically.
1254743005 (Bronchoscopy using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)JBB.AE.AD covers bronchoscopy in general without specifying robotic assistance. The robotic aspect is only captured via the extension code XG5Z48 ("With robotic assistance"), which could be post-coordinated but is not part of the stem code.
1255250000 (Restoration of tooth using ceramic dental crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of method or material, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes restoration using a ceramic dental crown.
1255263006 (Removal of root canal post from tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)A root canal post is an internal dental device. KAE.JD.AC is broader because it encompasses removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, not specifically a root canal post.
1255903000 (Diagnostic loop electrosurgical excision procedure)maps to wider conceptNMF.JJ.AC (Transvaginal partial excision of cervix)LEEP/LLETZ is a transvaginal partial excision of the cervix using a loop electrode. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all methods of transvaginal partial cervical excision and does not specify the diagnostic intent.
1256041000 (Restoration of tooth using metal dental crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration without specifying the material or type. ICHI has extension codes for "Metallic crown" but the primary intervention code encompasses all restoration methods.
1258927004 (Cleaning of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A denture is an external dental appliance, and cleaning is one component of its management. KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities for external tooth appliances (including cleaning, adjustment, and maintenance).
1258986006 (Face-to-face encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes an in-person (face-to-face) modality. ICHI lacks a concept distinguishing face-to-face from remote encounters.
1259294000 (Restoration of tooth using prefabricated zirconia dental crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of material or technique. ICHI lacks codes that distinguish crown type or material at the intervention level; the material-specific detail is only representable through extension codes.
1259975003 (Care of dental prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance of the tooth, including dental prostheses but also other external dental devices (e.g., orthodontic appliances, splints). The SNOMED concept is limited to care of a dental prosthesis.
1263416007 (Removal of intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the uterus, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to removal of an intrauterine contraceptive device.
1263772002 (Restoration of tooth using composite resin crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of material or technique, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes restoration using a composite resin crown.
1263784000 (Radioligand therapy using lutetium (Lu-177) vipivotide tetraxetan)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy)NGA.GA.BA captures the correct anatomical target (prostate) and therapeutic intent (destruction of tissue using radiation), but encompasses all radiotherapy modalities directed at the prostate rather than specifically radioligand therapy with Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan.
711009009 (Waste removal service assessment)maps to wider conceptUEV.AA.ZZ (Assessment of waste collection and disposal services, systems and policies)UEV.AA.ZZ covers assessment of waste collection and disposal services, systems, and policies, which encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader because it additionally includes systems and policies alongside services.
18945009 (Control of hemorrhage of abdominal cavity)maps to wider conceptPAK.MK.AA (Repair of abdomen)ICHI does not have a specific code for control of hemorrhage of the abdominal cavity. PAK.MK.AA covers therapeutic surgical interventions on the abdomen not otherwise specified, encompassing hemorrhage control along with other types of abdominal repair procedures.
473214002 (Suture plication of artery for control of gastric hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)Suture plication of a gastric artery is a form of open surgical occlusion of an abdominal artery. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not specify the hemorrhage indication or the suture plication technique.
70182001 (Correction of lymphedema by transplantation of autogenous lymphatics graft)maps to wider conceptDFO.KD.AA (Transplantation of lymphatic vessel)DFO.KD.AA covers transplantation of lymphatic vessel in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an autogenous graft source and corrective purpose for lymphedema, details not distinguished in the ICHI code.
234306006 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue and full thickness graft of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JL.AA (Radical excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the primary surgical action (radical excision) but does not specify the lymphedema indication or the full thickness skin graft component integral to the SNOMED concept.
51050005 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue and split thickness graft of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JJ.AA captures the primary surgical action (partial excision) but is broader because it applies to any indication and does not include the split-thickness skin graft component.
178340006 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue of scrotum)maps to wider conceptNGG.JJ.AA (Partial excision of scrotum)NGG.JJ.AA covers partial excision of scrotum for any indication, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to excision of lymphedematous tissue. The surgical action is the same but the ICHI code does not specify lymphedema as the pathology.
234307002 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue plus local skin graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers the primary component (partial excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue) but does not specify the lymphedema indication and omits the local skin graft component.
234305005 (Kondoleon correction for lymphedema)maps to wider conceptLAG.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.JJ.AA captures the principal surgical action (partial excision of subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb) but does not specify the fascia excision component, the lymphedema indication, or the Kondoleon technique.
53232002 (Thompson operation for correction of lymphedema)maps to wider conceptDFO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel)DFO.ML.AA captures the core therapeutic intent of restoring lymphatic drainage but is broader because it encompasses all methods of lymphatic vessel reconstruction, not specifically the Thompson buried dermal flap technique.
182803009 (Cardiac emergency monitoring)maps to wider conceptHFC.AI.AH (Cardiac electrophysiological monitoring)HFC.AI.AH covers cardiac electrophysiological monitoring in general, which subsumes emergency cardiac monitoring. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the emergency setting.
45236006 (Emergency administration of medication)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ captures the core action of administering pharmacotherapy without specifying a route, but is wider because it covers all pharmacotherapy administration regardless of urgency, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to emergency contexts.
91223004 (Emergency administration of vaccine during epidemic)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)ICHI has no code capturing the emergency or epidemic context of vaccination. DTB.VD.AE covers the core clinical action (vaccine administration via injection, the most common route) but is broader because it applies to all percutaneous vaccinations, not only those performed during an epidemic emergency.
182814007 (Emergency dressing)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DK.AH covers the application of a dressing to skin in general, which subsumes emergency dressings. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the emergency/urgency context that is explicit in the SNOMED concept.
245581009 (Emergency examination for triage)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for triage or emergency prioritisation assessments. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a whole-person assessment, but is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment without the emergency context or the specific purpose of triaging patients by urgency.
708933000 (Emergency hemodiafiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI's "Renal dialysis" encompasses all forms of renal dialysis without distinguishing hemodiafiltration as a specific modality, and does not encode the emergency/urgency context. The ICHI code is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the technique (hemodiafiltration) and the clinical context (emergency).
708932005 (Emergency hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI's "Renal dialysis" covers all forms of renal dialysis regardless of urgency or specific modality, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes emergency hemodialysis. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish emergency from elective, nor hemodialysis from other renal dialysis techniques.
715743002 (Emergency hemofiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI's "Renal dialysis" encompasses all forms of renal replacement therapy including hemofiltration without distinguishing modality, and does not capture the emergency context. The ICHI code is wider than the specific SNOMED concept of emergency hemofiltration.
182682004 (Emergency laryngeal intubation)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC accurately captures the core procedure of laryngeal intubation (passing a tube through the larynx into the trachea) but ICHI has no qualifier for emergency context, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the emergency setting.
85191009 (Emergency oral examination)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.AE.AC covers oral examination of the mouth broadly, matching the anatomical scope. However, ICHI has no emergency/urgency qualifier, so the ICHI code is wider — it includes all oral examinations regardless of whether they are emergency, urgent, or routine.
1303242002 (Emergency pastoral visit)maps to wider conceptSXH.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.RC.ZZ covers emotional support in the context of religion and spirituality, which is the core function of a pastoral visit. However, it is broader because it does not specify the emergency context or the visit-based nature of the intervention.
16883004 (Endotracheal intubation, emergency procedure)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedure of endotracheal intubation but does not qualify it as an emergency procedure. ICHI has no emergency-specific variant, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly scoped to the emergency context.
246547005 (History and physical examination, emergency preliminary evaluation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ encompasses both history-taking and physical examination components as a combined assessment. However, it is wider because it covers all general health assessments without the emergency/preliminary qualification specified in the SNOMED concept.
265482008 (Implantation of emergency intravenous cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)The ICHI code covers all percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertions of temporary pacemaker systems, which is the exact procedure for an emergency intravenous cardiac pacemaker. It is slightly wider because it encompasses both emergency and non-emergency temporary pacemaker insertions.
183867000 (Referred to acute chest pain clinic)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ is the only referral code in ICHI and covers referral to any health provider generically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies referral to an acute chest pain clinic specifically. The ICHI code is broader, fully encompassing the SNOMED concept but without the specialty or condition specificity.
8651000202109 (Checking refrigerator for expired food)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)"Assessment of food" broadly encompasses any evaluation of food, which includes checking for expired food. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all types of food assessment at any level, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about checking stored food for expiration in a domestic refrigerator setting.
438298009 (Control of infant incubator temperature)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)PZA.SD.BQ encompasses all methods of warming central body temperature (warming blankets, forced air, heated fluids, incubators, etc.), while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to controlling infant incubator temperature. The clinical goal aligns but the ICHI code is broader in both method and population.
386283002 (Environmental management: attachment process)maps to wider conceptVEJ.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence parenting behaviours)VEJ.TM.ZZ captures both the environmental modification action and the parenting domain. However, it is broader because it covers environment modification for all parenting behaviours, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on facilitating the parent-infant attachment/bonding process.
386286005 (Environmental management: home preparation)maps to wider conceptVCC.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence home safety behaviours)The ICHI code covers all environment modifications aimed at influencing home safety behaviours, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically addresses clinical/nursing preparation of a patient's home environment for safety and therapeutic benefit (e.g., pre-discharge).
386287001 (Environmental management: violence prevention)maps to wider conceptVB1.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified)The ICHI code covers environment modification to influence violence-related behaviours in general, which subsumes the SNOMED concept's specific focus on violence prevention. The ICHI code is broader because "influence violence-related behaviours" encompasses prevention as well as other goals.
24530001 (Making patient bed)maps to wider conceptSOD.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of doing housework)ICHI does not contain a specific code for making/preparing a patient bed. SOD.RA.ZZ is the most applicable code as bed-making is a type of housework activity, but the ICHI code is wider, encompassing all housework tasks such as cleaning, laundry, and tidying — not just bed-making.
710978006 (Minimizing environmental stimuli)maps to wider conceptAUE.TM.ZZ (Environment modification in relation to perceptual functions)AUE.TM.ZZ covers any modification of the environment aimed at perceptual functions, which includes but is not limited to minimizing stimuli — it could also encompass enhancing or adjusting environmental inputs. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to reducing/minimizing environmental stimuli, making it a narrower subset of the ICHI code's scope.
1340000005 (Remediation of asthma triggers in residence)maps to wider conceptUBL.VL.ZZ (Environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air)The ICHI code covers all environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to asthma triggers in a residential setting. The core action (remediation of the indoor environment) aligns well, but the ICHI code is wider in both scope of contaminants and setting.
27437006 (Assembly of pump-oxygenator for extracorporeal circulation)maps to wider conceptPSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)PSA.DD.AF encompasses the entire extracorporeal circulation procedure, while the SNOMED concept refers only to the preparatory step of assembling the pump-oxygenator equipment. ICHI has no specific code for equipment assembly/preparation, making the broader bypass code the closest match with a wider scope.
225084001 (Attaching urinary catheter to bag)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no specific code for attaching a urinary catheter to a drainage bag. NAI.SN.AC covers general management of internal urinary bladder devices, which encompasses this specific activity but also includes other management activities such as flushing, repositioning, or troubleshooting, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
225102001 (Checking urinary catheter tubing)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Checking urinary catheter tubing is a specific inspection/verification activity that falls within the scope of catheter device management. ICHI's NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal urinary bladder devices, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the checking/inspection aspect alone.
225275006 (Clamping urethral catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Clamping a urethral catheter is a specific management activity performed on an indwelling urinary catheter. NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, making it semantically broader. ICHI has no code that specifically represents catheter clamping or occlusion.
225272009 (Cleaning around catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Cleaning around catheter refers specifically to hygiene care at the catheter insertion site, which is one component of the broader ICHI concept. The ICHI code encompasses all management activities for an indwelling urinary bladder device (site cleaning, patency checks, securing, flushing, etc.), making it semantically wider.
409687008 (Cleaning of equipment)maps to wider conceptUEP.VE.ZZ (Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies)ICHI does not have a specific code for the physical act of cleaning medical equipment. UEP.VE.ZZ covers health care infection control measures at a services/systems/policies level, which encompasses equipment cleaning as one of many infection control activities, making it semantically broader.
450775006 (Emptying of ureterostomy bag)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for ureterostomy bag emptying. PTD.SN.AC covers management of stomas not elsewhere classified, which includes ureterostomy stomas; however, it is broader because stoma management encompasses all care activities (not just emptying) and applies to any stoma type not specifically listed.
225082002 (Emptying urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Emptying a urinary catheter bag is one specific management activity for an indwelling urinary catheter device in the bladder. NAI.SN.AC encompasses all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, making it semantically broader than the specific act of emptying the catheter collection system.
449390009 (Ensuring use of supplies and equipment within safe parameters)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SM.ZZ covers the broad management of products and technology in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on ensuring that supplies and equipment are used within safe operational parameters — a more specific activity within the broader scope of product/technology management.
708011004 (Increase blood flow for hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI has no specific code for adjusting blood flow parameters during dialysis. Renal dialysis (NAA.JC.AF) is the broader procedure that encompasses all activities performed during a hemodialysis session, including increasing blood flow rate, making it the closest available match but semantically wider.
708008000 (Increase exchange volume of peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a whole intervention, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to increasing the exchange (fill) volume, a discrete parameter adjustment within peritoneal dialysis management. ICHI has no code for dialysis parameter modification.
708009008 (Increase number of perfusion exchanges per 24 hours of peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE represents peritoneal dialysis as a general intervention, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes increasing the number of perfusion exchanges per 24 hours. ICHI lacks granularity for dialysis prescription modifications such as exchange frequency adjustments.
708012006 (Increase session time for hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI has no code for adjusting dialysis session parameters or duration. NAA.JC.AF is the closest match but is substantially broader, covering the entire renal dialysis intervention rather than the specific act of increasing session time.
225086004 (Inflating indwelling urethral catheter balloon)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Inflating the retention balloon of an indwelling urethral catheter is a specific device management activity. ICHI's code covers all management actions on any bladder device, making it semantically broader than the specific act of balloon inflation on a urethral catheter.
225229003 (Peritoneal dialysis bag procedure)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE represents the full peritoneal dialysis intervention, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to the bag procedure (connecting, exchanging, or managing the dialysate bag), a component step within peritoneal dialysis.
225283000 (Priming hemodialysis lines)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)Priming hemodialysis lines is a specific preparatory sub-step of the renal dialysis procedure (flushing saline through the extracorporeal circuit before patient connection). ICHI has no code for this granular activity; NAA.JC.AF encompasses the entire renal dialysis intervention, making it semantically broader.
276846000 (Refilling of implanted drug reservoir)maps to wider conceptPZA.SN.AH (Management of pharmacotherapy internal device)PZA.SN.AH covers management of pharmacotherapy internal devices broadly (including refilling, adjusting, and other maintenance activities), while the SNOMED concept specifically describes the refilling action only, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
225274005 (Releasing urethral catheter clamp)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Releasing a urethral catheter clamp is a specific catheter management action (unclamping to restore urine drainage). NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, which subsumes catheter clamp release but is substantially broader in scope.
440336006 (Repair of central venous access catheter with subcutaneous port)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device not elsewhere classified, which includes but is not limited to repair of a central venous access catheter with subcutaneous port. The ICHI code is wider because management encompasses repair, adjustment, flushing, and other maintenance activities, and applies to all vascular devices.
276845001 (Reprogramming of implanted drug delivery system)maps to wider conceptPZA.SN.AH (Management of pharmacotherapy internal device)PZA.SN.AH covers all management activities (including reprogramming, refilling, calibrating) on implanted pharmacotherapy devices, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to reprogramming. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset.
225281003 (Reversing hemodialysis lines)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)"Reversing hemodialysis lines" is a specific technical maneuver performed during a hemodialysis session (swapping arterial and venous bloodlines to address access flow issues), and ICHI has no code at this level of granularity. NAA.JC.AF "Renal dialysis" is the broader procedure within which line reversal occurs, making the ICHI code semantically wider than the SNOMED concept.
225080005 (Spigotting of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Spigotting (plugging/capping) a urinary catheter is a specific type of catheter device management action, while NAI.SN.AC encompasses all forms of management of internal devices for the urinary bladder. ICHI has no code specifically for catheter spigotting or clamping, making this broader code the closest available match.
225252004 (Storage of cervical cap)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for cervical cap storage or barrier contraceptive device care. UAD.SM.ZZ is the closest match as it broadly covers management of personal-use products and technology for daily living, which would encompass the storage and care of a cervical cap as a personal health product, but it is substantially wider in scope than the specific SNOMED concept.
225282005 (Washing back through hemodialysis lines)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI has no specific code for the washback/rinseback sub-procedure of returning blood from the dialysis circuit to the patient. "Renal dialysis" (NAA.JC.AF) is the closest match but is semantically broader, encompassing the entire hemodialysis procedure of which washing back through lines is one discrete component step.
762442002 (Adjustment of artificial eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers the management of ocular prosthetics broadly, which encompasses adjustment as one of its activities, but also includes other management tasks such as inspection, cleaning, and general maintenance. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to "adjustment" of the artificial eye, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
225621008 (Cleaning eye prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)"Management of ocular prosthetics" encompasses all management activities related to ocular prostheses (cleaning, inspection, adjustment, reinsertion, etc.), whereas "Cleaning eye prosthesis" refers specifically to the cleaning activity alone. The ICHI code is therefore broader in scope than the SNOMED concept.
225620009 (Cleaning orbital prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers the broader concept of "management" of ocular prosthetics, which encompasses cleaning but also other management activities such as fitting and adjustment. The SNOMED concept specifies only the cleaning aspect of an orbital prosthesis, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
440704001 (Construction of custom orbital prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers the overall management of ocular prosthetics, which encompasses construction, fitting, adjustment, and maintenance of prosthetic eyes. The SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing specifically on the fabrication/construction step of a custom orbital prosthesis, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
59590004 (Excision of eye with implant and attachment of muscles)maps to wider conceptBZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)BZA.JK.AA covers enucleation of the eyeball, which is the core procedure described by the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the additional components of implant placement and reattachment of extraocular muscles to the implant, which are explicitly included in the SNOMED concept.
172144003 (Insertion of external orbital prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH "Management of ocular prosthetics" is the only ICHI code specifically addressing ocular prosthetics, but it encompasses the broader concept of management (including fitting, adjustment, and ongoing care) rather than the specific act of insertion/placement of an external orbital prosthesis.
27668001 (Insertion of keratoprosthesis)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)BBB.DL.AC covers the insertion of any corneal implant, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to a keratoprosthesis (an artificial cornea prosthesis). The action, target anatomy, and device type all align, but the ICHI code does not distinguish keratoprostheses from other types of corneal implants.
223786006 (Insertion of orbital implant outside muscle cone)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)ICHI lacks a specific code for insertion of an orbital implant. BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) is the best match because insertion of an orbital implant (particularly extraconal) is a type of orbital reconstruction procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of orbital reconstruction, not only implant insertion in the extraconal space.
439490005 (Insertion of subconjunctival retinal prosthesis receiver and pulse generator with vitrectomy)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)BZZ.DL.AC covers insertion of an ocular implant generically, which subsumes the retinal prosthesis receiver/pulse generator. However, it is broader because it does not specify the retinal prosthesis type, the subconjunctival placement site, the receiver and pulse generator components, or the concurrent vitrectomy.
231712000 (Intracorneal insertion of lens)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)BBB.DL.AC covers the insertion of any corneal implant, which includes intracorneal lenses (corneal inlays) but also other types of corneal implants such as intracorneal ring segments. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to inserting a lens into the cornea, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
414539000 (Iris suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers the insertion of a prosthetic (intraocular) lens in general, without specifying the fixation technique (iris suture fixation) or the chamber placement (posterior chamber). The SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of prosthetic lens insertion, making the ICHI code broader.
287413003 (Orbital implant insertion)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)BZZ.DL.AC covers insertion of any ocular implant, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an orbital (eye socket) implant specifically. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for orbital implant insertion; this is the closest available code within the visual system.
172392005 (Prosthetic replacement of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no specific code for prosthetic replacement of the conjunctiva. BBA.MK.AA covers restorative interventions on the conjunctiva broadly, encompassing all repair methods (suturing, grafting, prosthetic replacement), rather than specifically prosthetic replacement.
243705003 (Provision of artificial eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH is the only ICHI code specifically addressing ocular prosthetics. However, "management" encompasses a broader scope than just provision — it includes ongoing adjustment, maintenance, and follow-up — making the ICHI code semantically wider.
61779007 (Reinsertion of implant of eyeball with conjunctival graft)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball)The SNOMED concept specifies a particular secondary procedure (reinsertion of an orbital implant with a conjunctival graft), while BAM.ML.AC encompasses all secondary interventions after removal of the eyeball, making it semantically broader.
35829002 (Removal of external orbital implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.JD.AC (Removal of orbital implant)BAM.JD.AC covers removal of any orbital implant without distinguishing between external and internal implants, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to removal of an external orbital implant. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset.
62424000 (Removal of eye prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.JD.AC (Removal of ocular implant, not elsewhere classified)BZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any ocular implant not elsewhere classified, which encompasses eye prostheses but is broader since it includes other types of ocular implants beyond prosthetic eyes. The SNOMED concept is specifically about removing an eye prosthesis (artificial eye), making the ICHI code semantically wider.
1264387000 (Follow-up for radiation therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for follow-up after radiation therapy. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category covering health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses follow-up visits including those for radiation therapy, but is substantially broader.
1264532002 (Restoration of tooth using porcelain fused to noble metal crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the most specific ICHI intervention code available but does not specify the method (crown) or material (porcelain fused to noble metal). ICHI crown-type descriptors exist only as extension/qualifier codes, not standalone interventions.
1269321004 (Fitting of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)"Application of dental device" encompasses all types of dental devices (orthodontic appliances, splints, dentures, etc.), making it semantically broader than "Fitting of denture" which specifically refers to dentures only.
1269322006 (Insertion of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)"Application of dental device" encompasses the placement of any dental device, including dentures, orthodontic appliances, and other devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about inserting a denture, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1269339008 (Insertion of inlay to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" covers all forms of dental restoration (direct fillings, inlays, onlays, and other restorative procedures), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to the insertion of an inlay.
1269407000 (Insertion of veneer onto tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A dental veneer is a specific type of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC encompasses all restorative procedures on teeth including veneers, fillings, inlays, onlays, and crowns. ICHI lacks a specific code for veneer placement.
1284876005 (Fitting of indirect restoration to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration (direct and indirect), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to fitting an indirect restoration (e.g., crown, inlay, onlay). The ICHI code is therefore broader in scope.
1286901003 (Insertion of removable orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses an orthodontic retainer but is not specific to orthodontic retainers or to the removable type.
1287360000 (Injection of epidural anesthesia during maternal intrapartum period)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal, which anatomically encompasses the epidural space, but is wider because it also includes intrathecal injection and does not specify the obstetric/intrapartum context.
1287362008 (Injection of dexamethasone during maternal pregnancy period)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration of pharmacotherapy, which includes the intramuscular injection of dexamethasone but does not specify the drug, the clinical context (pregnancy), or the therapeutic purpose (fetal lung maturation).
1287894009 (Repair of retinal defect by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)"Repair of retina" covers all methods of retinal repair and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies diathermy as the technique. The ICHI code does not distinguish the method of repair.
1297244003 (Postoperative evaluation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no postoperative-specific evaluation concept. "General health assessment" is the closest match as a whole-person assessment intervention, but is semantically wider as it covers any general health assessment regardless of postoperative context.
1299110008 (Transportation in isolation)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers all person transportation interventions without specifying isolation conditions. The SNOMED concept is a more specific type of person transport (performed under isolation/infection control conditions), making the ICHI code semantically broader.
1303713006 (Endoscopic drainage of subperiosteal abscess of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.JB.AB (Endoscopic aspiration of orbit)BAM.JB.AB matches on the target anatomy (orbit) and approach (endoscopic) but uses the broader term "aspiration" rather than "drainage" and does not specify the subperiosteal location or that the target is an abscess.
1338058009 (Fluoroscopy of ventricular shunt with contrast)maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BB (Contrast radiogram of brain)AAA.BA.BB covers contrast-based radiation imaging of the brain generally, which encompasses fluoroscopy of a ventricular shunt with contrast. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the ventricular shunt as the target or fluoroscopy as the specific modality.
133899007 (Postoperative care)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for postoperative care. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "other health management encounter" category, broader because it encompasses any non-specific health management encounter, not just those in the postoperative period.
133916000 (Role clarification)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)Role clarification is a specific counselling technique aimed at helping individuals understand their psychosocial roles. ATF.PP.ZZ encompasses all forms of counselling targeting global psychosocial functions, making it semantically broader.
133919007 (Communication of alternative technique)maps to wider conceptSGG.PH.ZZ (Training in using communication devices and techniques)SGG.PH.ZZ covers training in using all communication devices and techniques, which encompasses alternative communication techniques but is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets alternative techniques.
133923004 (Social interaction encouragement)maps to wider conceptSR1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in all interactions and interpersonal relationships, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets encouragement of social interaction.
88234006 (Removal of implant of lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens)BBF.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device (such as an IOL) from the lens, which directly encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes removal of foreign bodies from the lens, not just implanted devices.
1366458003 (Scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers all prosthetic lens insertions regardless of fixation method or placement location, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes scleral fixation technique with posterior chamber positioning. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible approaches.
225617001 (Soaking eye prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers all management activities related to ocular prosthetics (cleaning, soaking, adjusting, maintaining), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the soaking step only, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
415731005 (Toric photorefractive keratectomy)maps to wider conceptBBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)Toric PRK is a specific type of partial corneal tissue removal using an excimer laser to correct astigmatism. BBB.JJ.AA covers all forms of partial corneal excision regardless of method (laser vs. surgical), purpose (refractive vs. other), or pattern (toric vs. spherical). ICHI lacks a specific code for laser refractive procedures.
225618006 (Washing eye prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers all management activities for ocular prosthetics (fitting, adjusting, cleaning, maintenance), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to washing the prosthesis. The ICHI code is semantically broader since washing is one specific type of prosthetic management.
225619003 (Washing orbital prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers the broader management of all ocular prosthetics, while the SNOMED concept specifies only the washing activity for a specific type (orbital prosthesis). The ICHI code is wider in both action scope (management vs. washing) and device scope (all ocular prosthetics vs. orbital prosthesis).
425604002 (Case management follow up)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)ICHI's "Case coordination" encompasses the full scope of coordinating and managing a person's case across health services, including follow-up as well as initial coordination and other tasks. The SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the follow-up component, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
183651009 (Chemotherapy follow-up)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any medications and is the closest ICHI match to chemotherapy follow-up, which fundamentally involves assessing a patient's chemotherapy regimen. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to all medication assessments (not specifically chemotherapy) and does not capture the follow-up encounter context.
870191006 (Follow up for depression)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The ICHI code covers assessment of all emotional functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets follow-up for depression. It does not specify depression as the condition nor distinguish follow-up from an initial assessment, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
281036007 (Follow-up consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which encompasses follow-up consultations but also initial and other encounter types. ICHI lacks a specific "follow-up" qualifier, so this broader code is the closest available match.
185389009 (Follow-up visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a specific code for follow-up visits; PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers all unspecified health management encounters at the whole-person level, which subsumes follow-up visits but also includes any other type of health management encounter.
185320006 (Encounter by computer link)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI handles telehealth through extension codes rather than assignable intervention codes. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter code, which encompasses all encounter types including remote ones but does not specify the computer/telehealth delivery mode.
445450000 (Encounter by short message service text messaging)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically representing an SMS/text messaging encounter. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category covering health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which subsumes text-messaging encounters but is much broader, lacking any specificity about the communication modality.
308720009 (Letter encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for a letter-based or written correspondence encounter. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "other" encounter category that would encompass a letter encounter among other unclassified encounter types, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
719407002 (Remote non-verbal consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for remote or non-verbal consultations. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "not elsewhere classified" code for health management encounters, encompassing any encounter type not otherwise classified, without specifying the remote or non-verbal modality.
448337001 (Telemedicine consultation with patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ captures the core clinical activity of a general consultation with a patient but does not specify the telemedicine delivery mode. ICHI represents telehealth as an extension code (BlockL1-XG6) rather than a standalone intervention, so the base code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically requires telemedicine delivery.
185317003 (Telephone encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for telephone-based encounters. PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures the general concept of a health management encounter but is broader because it does not specify the telephone modality. The telephone aspect would require the Telehealth extension code XG9S10 as a modifier.
763184009 (Telepractice consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a standalone intervention code for telepractice consultations. "Telehealth" exists only as an extension code block (BlockL1-XG6) used as a modifier, not an independent category. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest standalone code but is wider as it covers any unspecified health management encounter regardless of modality.
453131000124105 (Videotelephony encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI lacks a specific code for videotelephony encounters. The Telehealth concept (BlockL1-XG6) exists only as an extension code modifier. PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers a general health encounter but is wider because it encompasses all unspecified health management encounters regardless of delivery modality.
65200003 (Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)NME.DL.AC covers the insertion of any device into the uterus, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to an intrauterine contraceptive device. ICHI uses post-coordination with an extension code to achieve full specificity, but the stem code alone is wider in scope.
702633005 (Counseling for intrauterine device contraception)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)NUD.PP.ZZ covers all counselling related to fertility functions, including contraception. The SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifies both the contraceptive method (IUD) and the purpose (contraception), whereas the ICHI code encompasses all fertility counselling including infertility, assisted reproduction, and all contraceptive methods.
225261004 (Feeling stem of intrauterine device)maps to wider conceptNMS.AE.AC (Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for checking IUD threads/strings. NMS.AE.AC covers internal gynaecological examination procedures that lack a more specific code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all unclassified internal gynaecological examinations, whereas the SNOMED concept is narrowly about feeling the IUD stem to verify positioning.
225259008 (Retrieval of lost thread of intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AC (Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)The ICHI code covers the broader procedure of transvaginally removing an internal device or foreign body from the uterus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes only the retrieval of a lost IUD thread — a more limited intervention that is a subset of or precursor to full device removal.
439986000 (Determination of acetylation rate)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI lacks a specific code for acetylation rate determination or pharmacogenetic enzyme testing. ETB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a broad category covering assessments of metabolic functions, which subsumes the specific determination of NAT2 enzyme acetylation rate. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all general metabolic function assessments, not just acetylation rate testing.
431996007 (CT guided laser decompression of spinal disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers all forms of percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc at any spinal level, which subsumes the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser modality or the CT guidance that the SNOMED concept explicitly includes.
312709005 (Drainage of subretinal fluid through sclera using laser)maps to wider conceptBCC.JB.AA (Drainage of retina)BCC.JB.AA correctly captures the clinical intent of draining subretinal fluid, which is a retinal intervention. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the surgical approach (through the sclera) or the instrument used (laser), both of which are explicit in the SNOMED concept.
426963003 (Endoscopic retrograde photodynamic laser therapy of lesion of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)KCM.GA.AD correctly captures the endoscopic approach and the destruction of a biliary duct lesion, matching the core intent of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the modality of destruction (photodynamic laser therapy) and also includes the sphincter of Oddi as a target.
425713005 (Laser therapy of internal nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)JAA.GA.AC correctly targets the internal nose (intranasal) and uses the "Destruction" action which subsumes laser therapy. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all destruction modalities (not just laser) and specifies a lesion target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically laser therapy of the internal nose.
309513005 (Cardiovascular therapy)maps to wider conceptIZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified)ICHI has no single category code for "cardiovascular therapy" as a general concept. IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code for unspecified interventions on the circulatory system, but it is wider because it includes all intervention types (diagnostic, imaging, assessment) and not only therapeutic interventions.
76334006 (Immunological therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB (Immunological system function)DTB is the broadest ICHI category covering all interventions on immunological system function, which encompasses immunological therapy but also includes assessment, measurement, testing, vaccination, education, counselling, and support interventions. There is no single ICHI code for general "immunological therapy" without specifying route of administration.
180242007 (Intramuscular gold therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)ICHI has no specific code for gold compound therapy or DMARDs. PZA.DB.AE covers all percutaneous pharmacotherapy administration, which includes intramuscular injection, but it is broader because it does not specify the drug (gold) or the specific percutaneous route (intramuscular vs. subcutaneous).
309516002 (Neurological therapy)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to therapeutic interventions on the nervous system, while the ICHI code covers all unspecified interventions (not just therapy) on the nervous system and additionally includes mental functions, making it semantically broader.
896971002 (Oncolytic viral therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)ICHI has no specific code for oncolytic viral therapy. DTB.DB.AE covers percutaneous administration of immunological agents, which encompasses oncolytic viral therapy (most commonly delivered via intralesional injection) but is broader as it includes all immunological agents administered percutaneously, not just oncolytic viruses.
405612000 (Autonomic nerve plexus block)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no single code for an autonomic nerve plexus block; it only offers region-specific anaesthetic injection codes for sympathetic nerves. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code covering interventions on the sympathetic nervous system without specifying region or intervention type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a nerve block.
1340180005 (Insertion of endodontic endosseous implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implants broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular subtype — an endodontic endosseous implant inserted through the root canal into alveolar bone to stabilize an existing tooth. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing all dental implant types including but not limited to this specific endodontic variant.
134245004 (Roller ball diathermy of endometrium)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AD (Endometrial ablation)NME.GA.AD covers all methods of endometrial ablation, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular technique (roller ball diathermy). The ICHI code is semantically broader because it does not distinguish the ablation method.
1343328006 (Restoration of deciduous tooth with preformed stainless steel crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC captures the core intervention of tooth restoration but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies the tooth type (deciduous), the restoration method (preformed crown), and the material (stainless steel). ICHI extension codes for "Dental crown" and "Metallic crown" exist as device qualifiers but are not standalone intervention codes.
1343329003 (Restoration of permanent tooth with preformed stainless steel crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC captures the core intervention of tooth restoration but is broader, as it does not specify the tooth type (permanent), the restoration method (crown), or the material (preformed stainless steel).
1345009008 (Caretaking skills promotion)maps to wider conceptSPD.PH.ZZ (Training in assisting others)SPD.PH.ZZ covers the broader domain of building skills to help/care for others, which encompasses caretaking skills promotion. The ICHI code is wider because "assisting others" is more general than "caretaking" (which implies ongoing care responsibility), and "training" is one specific method of skills promotion.
1351540008 (Neonatal transport)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting any person and is the only ICHI code representing medical patient transport. It is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the neonatal age group.
1363355008 (Percutaneous fluoroscopic biliary drain cholangiography with contrast)maps to wider conceptKCM.BA.BB (Cholangiography with contrast medium)KCM.BA.BB covers cholangiography with contrast medium on the bile duct, which is the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the percutaneous approach via an existing biliary drain or the use of fluoroscopic guidance, both of which are explicit qualifiers in the SNOMED concept.
14019005 (Diagnostic spinal drainage)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)ABG.AH.AE encompasses needle insertion into the spinal canal at the lumbar level for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies diagnostic intent only. Lumbar puncture is the standard clinical method for diagnostic spinal drainage but is not restricted to the diagnostic indication.
14749004 (Puncture of ventricular shunt tubing)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)Puncture of ventricular shunt tubing is a specific method of accessing an implanted shunt device, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of management of internal device of ventricles of brain. The ICHI code encompasses all forms of device management (adjustment, flushing, testing, accessing).
15711005 (Regular psychiatric visit, routine, established patient)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ captures the core clinical activity but is broader because it does not specify the visit context (routine, established patient, follow-up nature); any assessment of mental functions, whether initial or follow-up, inpatient or outpatient, would fall under this ICHI code.
164817009 (Placental localization)maps to wider conceptNMS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified)Placental localization is a specific ultrasound procedure to determine placental position within the uterus. ICHI has no dedicated placental imaging code; NMS.BA.BJ is the residual ultrasound code for the female genital tract (under which the placenta is classified in ICHI), making it semantically broader.
165163005 (Diagnostic dye to urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.BA.BB (Retrograde cystourethrogram)NAI.BA.BB involves instillation of contrast dye into the urinary bladder for diagnostic imaging, directly corresponding to the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers both the bladder and urethra (cystourethrogram), whereas the SNOMED concept references only the bladder.
165173007 (Hypnosis for diagnosis)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for hypnosis or hypnotherapy. AT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global mental functions (including consciousness and awareness states that hypnosis targets) with a "not elsewhere classified" qualifier. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all assessments of global mental functions, not just those using hypnosis.
16545005 (Surgical procedure on nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified)AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest residual code covering all interventions on the nervous system or mental functions. It is wider because it encompasses mental function interventions (not just nervous system) and all intervention types (not just surgical procedures).
168450005 (Forensic examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)ICHI has no forensic-specific examination code. PZA.AE.AH captures the core clinical activity of a forensic examination but is broader because it encompasses all whole-body physical examinations regardless of purpose, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an examination performed for medico-legal/forensic purposes.
16900000 (Replacement of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA correctly captures the action (replacement) and anatomical target (ventricles of brain) but uses the broader term "ventricular device" which encompasses shunts as well as other devices (e.g., reservoirs, monitors).
169148000 (Isotope static scan spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.BA.BE (Spleen scan or function study)DJA.BA.BE covers all spleen scans and function studies broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to a static radioisotope scan. The ICHI code is wider, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible spleen scan types without distinguishing the imaging modality or technique.
169206004 (In vivo neutron activation analysis)maps to wider conceptPZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of body composition)In vivo neutron activation analysis is a specific nuclear technique for measuring elemental body composition, while PZA.AA.ZZ encompasses all methods of body composition assessment (including IVNAA, DEXA, bioimpedance, etc.). The ICHI code correctly captures the clinical purpose but is broader because it does not specify the neutron activation method.
169212009 (Infrared radiation in diagnosis)maps to wider conceptPZX.BA.BL (Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for infrared/thermographic diagnostic imaging. PZX.BA.BL is a residual code covering all image capture and analysis modalities not classified elsewhere, which encompasses infrared diagnostic imaging but is semantically broader since it includes any unclassified imaging modality.
169276003 (Magnetic field for diagnosis)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body)The SNOMED concept refers to the use of magnetic fields as a diagnostic modality without specifying a body site. PZA.BA.BH is broader as it covers the whole body as a target. ICHI lacks a generic "magnetic field diagnostic procedure, unspecified site" intervention code.
709551004 (CT guided nerve block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve, which captures the core "nerve block" procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify CT guidance. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies CT image guidance (representable in ICHI via extension code XG2209), making the ICHI primary code wider in scope.
27466009 (Injection of neurolytic nerve agent)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)The ICHI code covers all methods of percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerves (chemical, radiofrequency, cryoablation, etc.), while the SNOMED concept specifically describes injection of a neurolytic (chemical destructive) agent. The ICHI code subsumes the most common clinical use of neurolytic nerve injection, warranting a "wider" equivalence.
405611007 (Peripheral nerve plexus block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The ICHI code ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets nerve plexuses (e.g., brachial, lumbar, sacral plexus). A peripheral nerve plexus block is a specific type of peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection, so the ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but is not limited to plexus targets.
231264005 (Sympathetic nerve block)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)The SNOMED concept specifically describes a nerve block (anaesthetic injection) of the sympathetic nervous system without specifying the anatomical region. ICHI has region-specific sympathetic nerve block codes (ADB.DC.AE cervical, ADC.DC.AE thoracic, ADD.DC.AE lumbar, ADE.DC.AE sacral) but no single non-region-specific nerve block code; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code covering all interventions on the sympathetic nervous system, making it semantically wider.
427561000119104 (Intravenous radionuclide therapy using samarium Sm 153 lexidronam)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic/intravenous radionuclide therapy. PZA.DB.AF correctly captures the action (administering a pharmacological agent) and route (intravenous/percutaneous transluminal) at the whole-body level, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the radioactive nature of the substance, the specific agent, or the bone-targeting therapeutic purpose.
303861004 (Nuclear medicine study of function)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI does not have a generic body-site-unspecified "nuclear medicine functional study" code. PZA.BA.BE is the most general radioisotope imaging code available, but its scope ("whole body") is broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to functional nuclear medicine studies at any site.
303859008 (Nuclear medicine study of systems)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope/nuclear imaging of the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept of nuclear medicine study of body systems. The SNOMED concept implies nuclear medicine imaging directed at physiological organ systems, whereas the ICHI code encompasses any whole-body radioisotope scan regardless of whether specific systems are targeted.
228699001 (Phosphorus 32 therapy)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZY.ZY (Other specified interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic radionuclide therapy with Phosphorus-32. DZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual "other specified" code for interventions on the haematopoietic system, which is the correct target system for P-32 therapy (used to suppress myeloproliferation), making the ICHI code semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
241414003 (Radiolabeled human immunoglobulin study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers all whole-body radioisotope scans regardless of the radiopharmaceutical used, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a scan using radiolabeled human immunoglobulin (IgG) as the tracer agent. The ICHI code is semantically broader because it encompasses any radioisotope whole-body scan, not just immunoglobulin-based studies.
438816004 (Radiolabeled technetium 99m antibody therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)The ICHI code covers the intravenous administration of any immunological agent, which encompasses the antibody component of this therapy. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the immunological agent is radiolabeled with Technetium-99m, nor does it capture the radiotherapeutic intent of the procedure. ICHI lacks a specific code for radioimmunotherapy or radiolabeled antibody therapy.
431869005 (Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using metaiodobenzylguanidine)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE represents a radionuclide scan of the parathyroid gland, which covers the same target organ and imaging modality. However, the SNOMED concept specifies a particular radiopharmaceutical agent (metaiodobenzylguanidine/MIBG), a distinction not captured in the ICHI code. Therefore the ICHI code is broader (wider) than the SNOMED concept.
767607002 (Radionuclide measurement of leakage during isolated limb perfusion using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled erythrocytes)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for radionuclide monitoring of limb perfusion leakage. IZE.BA.BA is the broadest applicable residual code for vascular imaging and subsumes the SNOMED concept, which is a specific type of nuclear medicine vascular imaging (Tc-99m labeled erythrocyte leakage detection during isolated limb perfusion). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of blood vessel imaging not elsewhere classified.
433224001 (Radionuclide rhenium 186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate therapy)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a specific code for radionuclide-based bone destruction. MRB.GA.AA correctly captures the target (bone) and action (destruction) of Rhenium-186 HEDP therapy, but is wider because it does not specify the method as radionuclide/radiopharmaceutical therapy, nor the specific agent used.
228693000 (Ruthenium 106 brachytherapy)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy)The ICHI code covers all forms of radiotherapy to the posterior structures of the eyeball, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular brachytherapy technique using Ruthenium-106 plaques. The ICHI code is semantically broader as it does not distinguish between brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy, nor does it specify the radioisotope used.
228701001 (Strontium 89 therapy)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)Strontium-89 therapy is a systemic radionuclide treatment that delivers targeted radiation to bone (primarily metastatic sites), achieving destruction of bone lesions. ICHI lacks a specific bone radiotherapy or systemic radionuclide therapy code; MRB.GA.AA captures the correct target (bone) and action (destruction) but is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide modality.
408816000 (Artificial rupture of membranes)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)ICHI does not have a specific code for amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes). NMM.FA.AC "Surgical induction of labour" is the closest match, sitting within the "Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord" block, but it is semantically wider because it encompasses all surgical methods of labour induction, not just amniotomy specifically.
386234001 (Cesarean section care)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)The SNOMED concept "Cesarean section care" refers to the care regime associated with a cesarean section (including pre-, intra-, and post-operative management), while the ICHI code NME.JF.AA covers the broader intervention of performing a caesarean delivery. ICHI lacks a specific code for the care/management aspect alone, so the ICHI code is wider in scope.
359363006 (Evacuation of hematoma in obstetric incision)maps to wider conceptPAW.JB.AA (Drainage of perineum)ICHI has no specific code for evacuation of haematoma at an obstetric incision site. PAW.JB.AA ("Drainage of perineum") is the best match because the most common obstetric incision is an episiotomy (perineal site), and drainage encompasses haematoma evacuation; however, it is broader as it covers any perineal drainage, not specifically haematoma evacuation at an obstetric incision.
386811000 (Fetal procedure)maps to wider conceptNMR (Fetal or embryonic structure)NMR is the broadest codeable ICHI category covering interventions on fetal or embryonic structures, which encompasses the SNOMED concept "Fetal procedure" but is wider because it also includes embryonic structures (not just fetal). No single ICHI code exists for fetal-only procedures without the embryonic scope.
271992004 (Obstetric investigation)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pregnancy-related functions, which is broader than "obstetric investigation" since it encompasses all pregnancy function assessments, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes investigative/diagnostic procedures within obstetric care.
386638009 (Obstetric operation)maps to wider conceptNMA (Interventions on female genital system)ICHI has no single code or block for "obstetric operation" as a general concept. Obstetric surgical procedures in ICHI are distributed across child blocks of NMA. NMA is the nearest encompassing grouper but is wider because it also includes non-obstetric gynaecological interventions.
265641004 (Packing to control postnatal vaginal bleeding)maps to wider conceptNMH.DK.AC (Tamponade of vagina)"Tamponade of vagina" is clinically synonymous with vaginal packing and targets the correct anatomical site (vagina), but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the postnatal context or the indication of bleeding control, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly restricts the procedure to controlling postnatal vaginal bleeding.
303720006 (Sampling of chorionic villus)maps to wider conceptNMM.AD.AD (Biopsy of placenta)Chorionic villus sampling is a specific type of placental biopsy (the chorionic villi are part of the placenta), so the ICHI code encompasses CVS but is semantically broader, covering any biopsy of placental tissue and not exclusively the chorionic villi.
718676006 (Management of outpatient discharge)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific discharge management code. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter category, which encompasses discharge management but is broader and does not specify the outpatient context.
866149003 (Annual visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI's "General health assessment" on the whole person captures the core clinical activity of an annual visit, but is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of periodicity or scheduling context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a yearly scheduled encounter.
185349003 (Encounter for check up)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"General health assessment" in ICHI covers the broad activity of assessing a person's overall health, which subsumes the specific purpose of a "check up" encounter. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of encounter context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a check-up encounter type.
711458003 (Encounter for fitness for duty exam)maps to wider conceptSUG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in remunerative employment)SUG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of a person's ability to engage in remunerative (paid) employment, which encompasses fitness-for-duty evaluations. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it includes any type of employment engagement assessment, not specifically a medical fitness/clearance examination mandated to determine duty readiness.
185347001 (Encounter for problem)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI match as it represents a generic health management encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers any unspecified encounter type, whereas "Encounter for problem" specifically denotes an encounter motivated by a presenting health problem.
185346005 (Encounter for sign)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for an encounter related to evaluating a clinical sign. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "other encounter" code under the whole-person interventions block, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any health management encounter not classified elsewhere, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically an encounter for the purpose of evaluating a sign.
439708006 (Home visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not classify interventions by care setting (home vs. clinic), so there is no specific "home visit" code. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as it represents a general health encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider because it encompasses any health management encounter regardless of location, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an encounter occurring at the patient's home.
90526000 (Initial evaluation and management of healthy individual)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessments of the whole person, which semantically encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the assessment is an "initial" encounter or that the individual is "healthy" — it applies to any general health assessment regardless of timing or patient status.
270424005 (Letter encounter from patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for letter-based or written correspondence encounters. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual "other" encounter code that would encompass a letter encounter from a patient, but it is broader because it covers all health management encounters not elsewhere classified, not specifically letter-based encounters.
185321005 (Letter encounter to patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for letter-based or written communication encounters with patients. PZB.ZY.ZY is the most appropriate residual category for health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses letter encounters but is semantically much broader, covering any encounter type that lacks a specific ICHI code.
19681004 (Nursing evaluation of patient and report)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers a general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses the clinical assessment component of a nursing evaluation. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the provider role (nurse) and does not explicitly include the documentation/report component that is integral to the SNOMED concept.
3391000175108 (Office visit for pediatric care and assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no pediatric-specific visit or assessment code. PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" is the closest match as it represents a comprehensive health assessment of the whole person, which aligns with the core purpose of a pediatric care and assessment visit. However, it is wider because it is not restricted to the pediatric population or the office visit setting.
270427003 (Patient-initiated encounter)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not distinguish encounters by initiator (patient vs. provider). PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as a general health management encounter category, but it is semantically wider because it covers all health management encounters regardless of how they were initiated, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically identifies encounters initiated by the patient.
86013001 (Periodic reevaluation and management of healthy individual)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessments of the whole person, which encompasses the periodic reevaluation described in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specifically restrict to periodic/scheduled encounters, healthy individuals, or ongoing management — it applies to any general health assessment regardless of context.
440168007 (Provision of copy of letter from specialist to patient)maps to wider conceptSBH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with acquiring information)ICHI code SBH.RB.ZZ covers practical support with acquiring information in general, which encompasses providing a patient with a copy of a specialist letter as one specific form of facilitating information access. However, the ICHI code is significantly broader, covering any form of practical support for information acquisition, not specifically the provision of clinical correspondence.
185463005 (Visit out of hours)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no codes that capture the timing context of a health encounter (such as "out of hours"). PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes a visit occurring outside normal working hours.
428494000 (Injection of filtering bleb following glaucoma surgery)maps to wider conceptBBA.DB.AE (Injection into subconjunctiva)The ICHI code "Injection into subconjunctiva" covers the anatomical procedure (subconjunctival injection) that corresponds to injecting a filtering bleb, but it is broader because it encompasses all subconjunctival injections regardless of clinical context, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to injections targeting a filtering bleb in a post-glaucoma surgery setting.
394895009 (Postoperative chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific chemotherapy or antineoplastic therapy code. PZA.DB.AZ covers general pharmacotherapy administration without specifying drug type, route, or timing, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
396768006 (Postoperative drainage of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.JB.AA (Drainage of thyroid gland by incision)EBA.JB.AA matches the target anatomy (thyroid gland) and the therapeutic action (drainage by incision), but it is wider because it does not restrict the procedure to a postoperative context. The SNOMED concept specifically denotes drainage performed after a prior thyroid surgery, whereas the ICHI code covers drainage of the thyroid gland by incision in any clinical setting.
439740005 (Postoperative follow-up visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for postoperative follow-up visits. PZB.ZY.ZY is the closest match as a residual category for health management encounters not classified elsewhere, which would encompass a postoperative follow-up visit. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any unclassified health management encounter, not specifically postoperative follow-up.
396769003 (Postoperative thyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptEBA.AE.AA (Reopening of previous thyroid surgery site)"Postoperative thyroidotomy" is specifically an incision of the thyroid gland performed after a prior surgery, while EBA.AE.AA captures the postoperative re-entry concept but is broader — it encompasses any reopening of the thyroid surgical field, not exclusively an incision into the thyroid gland itself.
722501003 (Postoperative urine specimen collection)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection in any clinical context, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the postoperative setting. ICHI has no postoperative qualifier, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
711026003 (Identification of abnormal body part before perioperative positioning)maps to wider conceptPZX.AA.AH (Assessment of body part, not elsewhere classified)PZX.AA.AH is a general residual category for assessing any body part for any purpose, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of identifying an abnormal body part specifically in the perioperative context before positioning. The ICHI code lacks the perioperative timing qualifier, the abnormality focus, and the relationship to surgical positioning.
445061001 (Preoperative counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for preoperative counselling. PZB.PP.ZZ is the general residual counselling code covering counselling activities on the whole person that are not classified elsewhere, which subsumes preoperative counselling as one of many possible counselling contexts.
6862005 (Preoperative education)maps to wider conceptSMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health)ICHI has no preoperative-specific education code. SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match as preoperative education is a specific instance of educating patients about managing their health, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all health self-care education without the surgical/preoperative context.
24200008 (Calculus analysis, quantitative, X-ray diffraction)maps to wider conceptNAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for calculus composition analysis or X-ray diffraction of specimens. NAN.AA.ZZ is the broadest applicable residual code covering assessments of the urinary system not elsewhere classified, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of a calculus.
274383005 (Diagnostic aspiration)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a general non-site-specific "diagnostic aspiration" code. PZX.AH.ZZ captures the diagnostic sampling intent at an unspecified body site, but it is broader because it encompasses all methods of specimen collection, not just aspiration.
426395009 (Diagnostic audiology)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)Assessment of hearing functions broadly covers evaluating hearing, which encompasses diagnostic audiology. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all hearing assessments (diagnostic, screening, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diagnostic-purpose audiological evaluation.
274311002 (Diagnostic catheterization of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD covers the insertion of any device into the urinary bladder, which encompasses catheterization but is broader: it is not limited to catheters specifically, and it does not specify a diagnostic purpose. No ICHI code exists for diagnostic urinary catheterization specifically.
76810006 (Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)The ICHI code NME.JE.AC describes the identical procedure (dilatation and curettage of the uterus) but does not distinguish between diagnostic and therapeutic intent, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to diagnostic D&C.
230870000 (Diagnostic drainage from ventricle of brain)maps to wider conceptAAE.JB.AA (Drainage of ventricles of brain)AAE.JB.AA matches the target anatomy (ventricles of brain) and action (drainage) exactly, but it does not distinguish diagnostic from therapeutic intent, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies diagnostic purpose.
89917004 (Diagnostic injection of sinus tract)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for sinogram/fistulogram (diagnostic contrast injection into a sinus tract). LZZ.DB.AE covers the injection action into the anatomical region where sinus tracts occur but is broader because it encompasses any injection purpose and any skin/subcutaneous target, not specifically a sinus tract.
252922007 (Diagnostic injection of vasoactive agent into corpus cavernosum of penis)maps to wider conceptNUA.AC.ZZ (Test of sexual functions)The SNOMED concept describes a specific pharmacological test (intracavernosal injection to assess erectile function), which falls under the broader ICHI category "Test of sexual functions." ICHI lacks a specific code for intracavernosal injection testing, making NUA.AC.ZZ the most appropriate but wider match.
789680000 (Diagnostic intravenous injection of edrophonium)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a pharmacological challenge that specifically tests muscle power by assessing improvement after anticholinesterase injection. MUB.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all methods of testing muscle power without specifying the diagnostic intravenous drug injection mechanism.
265232001 (Diagnostic lumbar puncture)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)ICHI code ABG.AH.AE covers the lumbar puncture procedure in general without distinguishing between diagnostic and therapeutic intent, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the procedure as diagnostic. The ICHI code therefore has a wider scope.
303606009 (Diagnostic percutaneous examination of placenta)maps to wider conceptNMM.AD.AD (Biopsy of placenta)NMM.AD.AD covers biopsy of placenta by any approach, while the SNOMED concept specifically requires a percutaneous approach. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept but also including non-percutaneous methods such as transcervical biopsy.
265155008 (Diagnostic puncture of sternum)maps to wider conceptDGA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow)A diagnostic puncture of the sternum is clinically performed to sample bone marrow for diagnostic purposes. DGA.AD.AE is the best semantic match but is wider because it does not specify the sternum as the anatomical site — it covers bone marrow biopsy from any location (e.g., iliac crest, sternum, tibia).
35597003 (Epidural injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, lumbar, continuous)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal, which anatomically encompasses the epidural space. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the epidural space from the intrathecal space, does not specify the lumbar region, does not indicate a diagnostic purpose, and does not capture the continuous delivery method.
5785009 (Forensic autopsy)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)ICHI has a single generic "Autopsy" code with no sub-classification by purpose. The SNOMED concept specifies a forensic/medicolegal autopsy, which is a specific type of autopsy, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
446185002 (Forensic computed tomography)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no forensic-specific CT code. PZA.BA.BC captures the imaging modality (CT) and the typical whole-body target used in forensic CT, but it is wider because it does not specify the forensic/medicolegal context that distinguishes the SNOMED concept.
446186001 (Forensic magnetic resonance imaging)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body)ICHI has no forensic-specific imaging codes. PZA.BA.BH captures the MRI modality applied broadly (whole body), which is the typical scope of forensic MRI, but it lacks the forensic/medicolegal context qualifier, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
446815007 (Implantation of electrode into brain using stereotactic guidance)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AE covers percutaneous placement of any device into the brain, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of implanting an electrode using stereotactic guidance. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the device type (electrode), the permanence of placement, or the guidance method (stereotactic).
171434007 (Health promotion)maps to wider conceptVFZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on health-related behaviours, unspecified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "health promotion" code. VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified category under "Interventions on health-related behaviours," which encompasses the types of activities involved in health promotion (education, awareness raising, counselling, lifestyle interventions). However, VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is wider because it covers any unspecified health-related behavioural intervention, not specifically promotional activities aimed at empowering individuals to improve their health.
171514009 (Creation of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain)AAE.DN.AA covers the implantation of any internal device into the brain ventricles, which encompasses a subcutaneous CSF reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir) as a specific type of such device. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the reservoir type or subcutaneous placement, but the target anatomy (ventricles of brain) and action (implantation of device) are correct.
171520005 (Insertion of antisyphon device into ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)The SNOMED concept describes the specific insertion of an anti-siphon valve component into an existing ventricular shunt, whereas the ICHI code AAE.SN.AA covers any management activity on internal devices of the ventricles of the brain, making it semantically broader. ICHI has no code that specifically captures adding an accessory device to an existing ventricular shunt.
176377006 (Diathermy of urethral caruncle)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra by any method, which subsumes diathermy of a urethral caruncle. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the particular destructive modality (diathermy) or the specific lesion type (caruncle), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to both.
176996001 (Endoscopic intrafallopian transfer of gamete)maps to wider conceptNMC.DH.AB (Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures)NMC.DH.AB covers all reproductive transfer procedures on the fallopian tube, which directly encompasses gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach or that the transferred material is specifically gametes (as opposed to zygotes or embryos), making it a wider concept than the SNOMED term which is specific to endoscopic gamete transfer.
177064004 (Diathermy of lesion of uterosacral ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The uterosacral ligament is a supporting structure of the uterus, and diathermy is a form of destruction, so NME.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code. However, it is wider because NME.GA.AA covers destruction of the entire uterus and all its supporting structures, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets only a lesion on the uterosacral ligament.
178100006 (Aspiration of ganglion)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)Aspiration of a ganglion cyst is a percutaneous drainage procedure on a soft tissue structure (ganglion cysts arise from joint capsules or tendon sheaths). The ICHI code is wider because it covers percutaneous drainage of any soft tissue at any unspecified site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets ganglion cysts — a particular type of soft tissue lesion.
178101005 (Drainage of ganglion)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for drainage of a ganglion cyst. MRS.JB.AA correctly captures the drainage action on a soft tissue structure (ganglion), but is broader because it covers drainage of any soft tissue, not specifically ganglion cysts. The SNOMED concept does not specify a body site, matching the "unspecified site" qualifier.
178108004 (Injection of sclerosing agent into ganglion cyst)maps to wider conceptMRS.DB.AE (Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI code MRS.DB.AE captures the correct action (injection) and general anatomical domain (soft tissue within the musculoskeletal system) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the sclerosing nature of the agent, the ganglion cyst target, or a specific anatomical site. ICHI lacks a specific code for injection of a sclerosing/destructive agent into a ganglion cyst or tendon sheath lesion.
178219007 (Muscle operation)maps to wider conceptMZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified)ICHI has no single assignable code for a generic muscle operation; MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the musculoskeletal system chapter, which is broader than muscle alone as it also encompasses bones, joints, tendons, and soft tissue. It is the closest assignable ICHI code to the generic SNOMED concept "Muscle operation."
178689009 (Primary collar stabilization of cervical spine fracture)maps to wider conceptMBA.LC.AH (Application of cervical external immobilisation device)MBA.LC.AH covers the application of any cervical external immobilisation device (including collars, braces, and other non-percutaneous devices) without specifying the clinical indication, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about applying a collar for cervical spine fracture stabilization. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
178695005 (Revision to collar stabilization of cervical spine fracture)maps to wider conceptMBA.LC.AH (Application of cervical external immobilisation device)MBA.LC.AH correctly identifies the body site (cervical spine) and the intervention type (external immobilisation device, i.e., a collar), but it represents the general application of such a device rather than specifically a revision procedure. ICHI lacks a dedicated cervical-specific revision/replacement code for external immobilisation devices, so this broader code is the best available match.
178701004 (Primary closed reduction cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LD.AH (Closed reduction of cervical spine)MBA.LD.AH captures the core procedure — closed reduction of the cervical spine — but does not include the collar stabilization component, which ICHI classifies separately as MBA.LC.AH. Because the ICHI code covers the reduction but omits the immobilization step, it is semantically broader (wider) than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both reduction and collar stabilization together.
178708005 (Revision to closed reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LD.AH (Closed reduction of cervical spine)MBA.LD.AH covers the core procedure (closed reduction of the cervical spine) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture that this is a revision procedure (ICHI uses separate extension code XG3J07 for revision), does not specify fracture as the indication, and does not include the collar stabilization component (separately coded as MBA.LC.AH in ICHI).
178715002 (Primary open reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LD.AA (Open reduction of cervical spine)MBA.LD.AA exactly matches the primary surgical component (open reduction of cervical spine) but does not capture the additional collar stabilization aspect described in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore wider, covering open reduction without specifying the adjunct external immobilisation (collar) stabilization procedure.
178722005 (Revision to open reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LD.AA (Open reduction of cervical spine)MBA.LD.AA captures the core surgical action (open reduction of the cervical spine) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not convey that this is a revision procedure (ICHI handles this via extension code XG3J07) nor does it include the collar stabilization component (which would require a separate code MBA.LC.AH).
179208004 (Apply Thomas splint traction)maps to wider conceptMLB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to femur)The Thomas splint is an external immobilisation/traction device applied specifically to the femur for fracture management. ICHI code MLB.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the femur, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies one particular device type (Thomas splint) and mechanism (traction).
183036001 (Female infertility therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NUD (Interventions on functions related to fertility)The ICHI block "Interventions on functions related to fertility" is broader than "Female infertility therapy" because it covers all fertility-related interventions (including male fertility and non-therapeutic interventions like assessment and education), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about therapeutic interventions for female infertility. No single ICHI category-level code exists that captures the broad concept of female infertility therapy.
9166009 (Injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, subarachnoid, continuous)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal generally, which encompasses the subarachnoid space but does not specify the subarachnoid compartment, the diagnostic purpose, or the continuous delivery modality present in the SNOMED concept.
445839007 (Insertion of nasogastric feeding tube using endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract guidance)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach)KBF.DL.AD correctly captures the endoscopic approach and insertion of a device into the stomach, matching the core action and target of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers any endoscopic device insertion into the stomach (not specifically a nasogastric feeding tube), and does not specify the nasal route or the feeding purpose.
870384002 (Point of care ultrasound)maps to wider conceptPZX.BA.BL (Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no generic "point of care ultrasound" code; all ICHI ultrasound codes are body-site-specific. PZX.BA.BL is the residual imaging intervention code under "Interventions on any site, not elsewhere classified," making it the most appropriate catch-all, but it is wider because it covers any imaging modality (not just ultrasound) and any context (not specifically point-of-care).
787910000 (Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test using arm ergometer)maps to wider conceptHTM.AC.ZZ (Test of exercise tolerance functions)CPET is a test of exercise tolerance functions, making HTM.AC.ZZ the closest ICHI match. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the preoperative context, the cardiopulmonary focus (gas exchange/VO2 measurement), or the specific modality (arm ergometer) that the SNOMED concept captures.
789687002 (Scleral depression)maps to wider conceptBZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)Scleral depression is a specific technique used during indirect ophthalmoscopy to examine the peripheral retina. ICHI lacks a specific code for ophthalmoscopy or retinal examination; BZA.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for eye procedures not elsewhere classified, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
252939009 (Ultrasound scan for follicle monitoring)maps to wider conceptNMS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific ultrasound code for the ovary or for follicle monitoring. NMS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the entire female genital tract, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that targets specifically ovarian follicle monitoring via ultrasound.
225270001 (Chemical male castration)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)ICHI has no specific code for chemical castration or androgen deprivation therapy. PZA.DB.AE is the best available match because chemical castration is typically delivered via percutaneous injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular GnRH agonists/antagonists), but this ICHI code is significantly broader, covering all percutaneous pharmacotherapy regardless of therapeutic purpose or target organ.
228603009 (Adjusting of splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific code for "adjusting" an external immobilisation device. PZX.KB.AH uses the KB action ("Change of assistive product") applied to external immobilisation devices at an unspecified body site, but "replacement" is semantically broader than "adjustment," encompassing full device changes beyond mere repositioning or refitting.
287630006 (Immobilization by splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH is the best match as it explicitly covers splint application without specifying a body site, directly aligning with the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code also encompasses cast application, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited specifically to splinting.
228601006 (Prescription of splint)maps to wider conceptUAD.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no splint-specific prescription code. UAD.TI.ZZ correctly captures the action (prescription) and the target domain (products/technology for personal daily living use, which includes orthopedic splints), but it is broader because it covers all products for daily living, not just splints.
228597006 (Provision of collar)maps to wider conceptMBA.LC.AH (Application of cervical external immobilisation device)A cervical collar is one type of cervical external immobilisation device. MBA.LC.AH encompasses all cervical external immobilisation devices (collars, halo braces, rigid fixators, etc.), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to provision of a collar.
230881002 (Aspiration of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.AH.XE (Specimen collection from ventricles of brain)The ICHI code covers all methods of specimen collection from the brain ventricles, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes aspiration via a subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir (e.g., Ommaya or Rickham reservoir). ICHI does not distinguish the access route through an implanted subcutaneous device.
230883004 (Injection of substance into subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI has no specific code for injection into a ventricular CSF reservoir. AAE.SN.AA correctly targets the ventricles of brain and encompasses interactions with an implanted device such as a subcutaneous CSF reservoir, but "management of internal device" is semantically broader than the specific act of injecting a substance through the reservoir.
230882009 (Irrigation of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)The SNOMED concept specifically describes irrigation (flushing) of a subcutaneous CSF reservoir, which is one particular maintenance action on one type of ventricular device. AAE.SN.AA encompasses all forms of management of any internal device of the ventricles of brain, making it semantically broader.
304918005 (Removal of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)A subcutaneous CSF reservoir is a ventricular access device with a catheter placed in the brain ventricles. AAE.JD.AA correctly targets removal of an internal device from the ventricles, but is wider because it encompasses removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ventricles, not specifically a subcutaneous CSF reservoir.
278446003 (Aspiration of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.AH.XE (Specimen collection from ventricles of brain)Aspiration of a ventricular shunt is primarily performed to collect CSF specimens via the shunt device. AAE.AH.XE covers specimen collection from the ventricles of brain, which encompasses this procedure but is broader — it does not specify collection via the shunt and includes any method of specimen collection from the ventricles.
450335000 (Attention to cerebroventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)The SNOMED concept specifically addresses care/attention to a cerebroventricular shunt, while the ICHI code covers management of any internal device of the ventricles of the brain (not limited to shunts), encompassing the SNOMED concept but also potentially covering other ventricular devices.
88851005 (Cerebral ventricular to thoracic cavity shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunts regardless of distal drainage site, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes a shunt to the thoracic (pleural) cavity. ICHI does not distinguish ventricular shunts by destination.
230876006 (Change of distal catheter site of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)The SNOMED concept describes a specific revision procedure (changing the distal catheter site of a ventricular shunt), while AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, making it semantically broader.
713040008 (Change of pump pressure of ventricular shunt using external device)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on any internal device in the brain ventricles, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes adjusting the pump pressure of a ventricular shunt using an external device. The ICHI code is semantically broader.
82208009 (Creation of spinal shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)ABG.LI.AA covers the same anatomical target (spinal canal) and the same action (shunt creation), but does not specify "with valve" — it encompasses all spinal shunts regardless of whether a valve is included, making the ICHI code wider.
288846002 (CSF shunt removal)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ventricles of the brain, which encompasses CSF shunt removal but is broader because it also includes removal of other devices and foreign bodies from this anatomical location.
286858009 (CSF valve removal)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain ventricles, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to removal of a CSF (shunt) valve. The target anatomy and action are correct, but the ICHI code is not specific to shunt valves.
281590006 (Exteriorization of brain ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)Exteriorization of a ventricular shunt is a specific form of managing an existing internal device in the brain ventricles (converting the shunt's distal end from internal to external drainage). AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on ventricular internal devices and is therefore broader than the specific exteriorization procedure.
183920000 (Routine admission to hospice)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI has no specific code for hospice admission or palliative care admission. UEP.TI.ZZ ("Referral to health provider") is the closest match as it captures the act of directing a patient to a health service, but it is semantically broader since it encompasses referrals to any type of health provider, not specifically hospice facilities for end-of-life care.
225069005 (Removing dentures)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Removable dentures are external prosthetic appliances of the teeth, and removing them is one specific activity within the broader concept of "management of external appliance of tooth." The ICHI code encompasses all management activities (fitting, adjusting, cleaning, removing) for external dental appliances, making it wider.
225100009 (Replacing dentures)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Dentures are removable external prosthetic appliances for teeth, and reinserting/replacing them is a management activity for such an appliance. KAE.SM.AC is broader because it encompasses all management activities for any external tooth appliance, not just the act of reinserting dentures.
225115005 (Milking drain)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for drain milking (stripping a drain tube to maintain patency). LZZ.SN.AE covers all forms of internal device management in the integumentary system, which is broader than the specific act of milking a drain tube.
225147000 (Soaking skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Soaking skin is a specific method of externally applying a liquid (water or medicated solution) to the skin surface for therapeutic purposes. LZZ.DB.AH covers all forms of external application of substances to skin, which is semantically broader than the specific act of soaking.
225179009 (Fitting stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers the general management of stomas not elsewhere classified, which encompasses fitting a stoma appliance as one component activity among other management tasks (e.g., cleaning, skin care, appliance changing). ICHI does not have a dedicated code for stoma appliance fitting alone.
225183009 (Changing stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifically describes the act of changing an external stoma appliance (bag/pouch), while PTD.SN.AC encompasses all stoma management activities including but not limited to appliance changes, making the ICHI code broader.
225186001 (Removing stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for removing a stoma appliance. PTD.SN.AC covers overall stoma management, which encompasses appliance removal as one component activity among others (such as cleaning, replacement, and skin care), making the ICHI code broader.
394591000119102 (Fluoroscopic guided shuntogram of indwelling nonvascular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BB (Contrast radiogram of brain)AAA.BA.BB covers all contrast radiographic imaging of the brain, which subsumes the more specific shuntogram procedure (a fluoroscopic contrast study of an indwelling CSF shunt). ICHI lacks a specific code for shuntography or contrast imaging of an implanted shunt device.
737090000 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of cerebral ventriculoatrial shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of distal drainage site or imaging guidance. The SNOMED concept specifies both the ventriculoatrial destination and fluoroscopic guidance, neither of which ICHI distinguishes.
230877002 (Injection of substance into ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI has no specific code for injection via a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers management of an internal device in the brain ventricles, which encompasses injecting substances through a ventricular shunt but includes all device management activities.
6737003 (Irrigation of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI has no specific code for irrigation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, which subsumes shunt irrigation as a specific type of device management.
699795006 (Ligation of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI has no specific code for ligation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers management of internal devices in the ventricles of the brain, which encompasses ligation as one specific type of device management activity.
240286000 (Percutaneous insertion of ventriculoamniotic shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunt procedures generally without specifying the fetal context, percutaneous approach, or amniotic cavity as the drainage destination. ICHI lacks a dedicated fetal ventricular shunt code.
445515006 (Plain X-ray of cerebrospinal fluid shunt)maps to wider conceptMAA.BA.BA (X-ray of skull)ICHI has no specific code for X-ray of a CSF shunt. MAA.BA.BA is the closest match as a plain X-ray of a CSF shunt primarily images the skull to assess proximal catheter and valve position, but the ICHI code covers any skull radiograph regardless of indication.
442432004 (Revision of ventriculoperitoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers management (including revision, adjustment, and repositioning) of any internal device in the ventricles of the brain. It is wider because it applies to any ventricular device and does not specify the peritoneal drainage destination.
57598003 (Ventricular shunt to bone marrow)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA represents a generic ventricular shunt without specifying the distal drainage site. The SNOMED concept specifically identifies bone marrow as the distal target, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
25600005 (Ventricular shunt to cervical subarachnoid space)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA correctly captures the source (ventricles of brain) and the action (shunt/diversion of CSF), but does not specify the cervical subarachnoid space as the drainage target.
82762009 (Ventricular shunt to circulatory system)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of destination (peritoneal, atrial, pleural), while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a shunt to the circulatory system (ventriculoatrial/ventriculovenous).
39827007 (Ventricular shunt to intracerebral site)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of the distal drainage destination, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically restricts the shunt to an intracerebral site.
87180001 (Ventricular shunt to urinary system)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all types of ventricular CSF shunts regardless of distal drainage site. The SNOMED concept specifies the urinary system as the drainage target, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
47074005 (Ventriculocholecystostomy)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular CSF shunt procedures regardless of distal drainage site, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies the gallbladder as the shunt destination.
239222007 (Exploration of ganglion)maps to wider conceptMRT.AE.AA (Exploration of tendon sheath of unspecified site)A ganglion is a cystic lesion arising from a tendon sheath or joint capsule. MRT.AE.AA covers exploration of the tendon sheath at an unspecified site, which encompasses exploration of ganglion cysts but also any other tendon sheath exploration.
408885009 (Breastfeeding support education)maps to wider conceptVEH.PM.ZZ (Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.PM.ZZ covers education targeting breastfeeding behaviours generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes education that supports breastfeeding. The ICHI code is semantically broader but closely aligned.
438650006 (Dietary education for breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.PM.ZZ (Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours broadly, which encompasses dietary education for breastfeeding as one aspect. The SNOMED concept is narrower, targeting specifically the dietary/nutritional dimension.
431786005 (Encouraging rooting reflex)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)Encouraging the rooting reflex is a specific hands-on technique to help a newborn latch for breastfeeding. VEH.RB.ZZ encompasses all forms of practical support with breastfeeding behaviours, making it broader.
43141007 (Inhibition of lactation procedure)maps to wider conceptNUH (Lactation)ICHI has no specific code for lactation inhibition or suppression. NUH ("Lactation") is the broadest category encompassing all interventions on lactation, but no therapeutic suppression code exists, making the ICHI code wider.
431868002 (Initiation of breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.RB.ZZ covers hands-on practical support for breastfeeding at any stage, which encompasses initiation but is broader because it is not limited to the initial establishment of breastfeeding.
712554001 (Liaising with patient on breastfeeding plan)maps to wider conceptVEH.PP.ZZ (Counselling about breastfeeding behaviours)"Liaising with patient on breastfeeding plan" is a specific form of counselling focused on developing a breastfeeding plan, while VEH.PP.ZZ covers all counselling about breastfeeding behaviours more broadly.
432137002 (Positioning baby at breast)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)"Positioning baby at breast" is a specific hands-on physical intervention that falls within the scope of practical breastfeeding support. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of practical breastfeeding support.
710123001 (Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.PM.ZZ (Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets promotion of "exclusive" breastfeeding.
225238001 (Support of breast during breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical/hands-on support with breastfeeding behaviours, which encompasses the specific act of physically supporting the breast during feeding but also includes other practical breastfeeding support activities.
236823008 (Female genital and obstetric procedures)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)The ICHI block encompasses all structural interventions on the female genital organs as well as obstetric targets (placenta/amnion/cord, fetal structures), which is broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to female genital and obstetric procedures specifically.
87727006 (Infertility study)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)NUD.AA.ZZ covers the general assessment of fertility functions, which is broader than "Infertility study" that specifically implies a structured diagnostic investigation into the cause of infertility.
703090000 (Initiation of contraception)maps to wider conceptNUD.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions related to fertility)ICHI lacks a contraception-specific code. NUD.PN.ZZ covers clinical advising on fertility functions, which includes contraception initiation but also encompasses all advising about fertility (including pro-fertility advising).
74036000 (Pregnancy detection examination)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pregnancy-related functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the detection/confirmation of pregnancy.
725927001 (Pronuclear transfer mitochondrial replacement therapy)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI has no specific code for pronuclear transfer or mitochondrial replacement therapy. NME.DH.AC broadly covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures including standard IVF embryo transfer, without capturing the specific pronuclear/mitochondrial manipulation.
225213006 (Breakaway procedure)maps to wider conceptVB1.PH.ZZ (Training to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified)A breakaway procedure is a specific physical self-defence technique used by healthcare workers to safely disengage from violent patient contact. VB1.PH.ZZ covers all training to influence violence-related behaviours, which is broader in scope.
225207002 (Re-integration following seclusion)maps to wider conceptATF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with global psychosocial functions)ICHI has no specific code for post-seclusion reintegration. ATF.RB.ZZ is the closest match as re-integration following seclusion is a practical support intervention aimed at restoring psychosocial functioning, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of practical psychosocial support.
226009001 (Giving cut up food)maps to wider conceptSMF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with eating)"Giving cut up food" is a specific form of practical support with eating. SMF.RB.ZZ encompasses all types of practical eating support, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept of providing pre-cut food.
1371266008 (Social service non-presential interview)maps to wider conceptSX1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified)SX1.AN.ZZ captures an interview action within the community, social, and civic life domain, aligning with the social service context. However, it is broader because it also encompasses civic life, and ICHI has no mechanism to express the "non-presential" (remote/non-face-to-face) delivery mode that is a defining feature of the SNOMED concept.
225187005 (Applying stoma adhesive)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Applying stoma adhesive is a specific sub-task within stoma management. PTD.SN.AC covers the broader concept of stoma management (including adhesive application, pouch changes, skin care, and other maintenance activities), making it semantically wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
225189008 (Attaching stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers general stoma management which encompasses attaching a stoma appliance but is semantically broader, as "management" includes additional activities beyond appliance attachment such as cleaning, inspection, and troubleshooting.
225285007 (Giving oral fluid)maps to wider conceptSMG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with drinking)SMG.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical assistance with the activity of drinking, which encompasses but is broader than the specific act of giving oral fluid to a patient. The SNOMED concept focuses specifically on providing fluid orally, while the ICHI code includes any practical support related to drinking.
225302006 (Insulin regime)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)"Pharmacotherapy prescription" covers prescribing any pharmacotherapy and is not specific to insulin, making the ICHI code semantically broader. ICHI lacks a specific code for an insulin regimen or medication-specific treatment protocol, so this general pharmacotherapy prescription code is the closest available match.
225318000 (Personal and environmental management regime)maps to wider conceptSMH (Looking after one's health)SMH ("Looking after one's health") encompasses personal health management activities aligned with the "personal management" aspect of the SNOMED concept. It is broader because it covers all aspects of health self-management, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured regime combining personal and environmental management.
225367003 (Toileting regime)maps to wider conceptSMD.PH.ZZ (Training in toileting)"Training in toileting" encompasses all forms of toileting training interventions, including structured regimes, skill-building, and behavioral approaches. The SNOMED concept "Toileting regime" is a specific type of structured, schedule-based toileting training program, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
225991001 (Ensuring mobility aid available)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.RD.ZZ covers providing all goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically addresses ensuring the availability of a mobility aid (e.g., walker, crutch, wheelchair). The ICHI code also encompasses transportation-related products.
22759000 (Social service interview of family)maps to wider conceptSSJ.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to engaging in family relationships)The ICHI code captures the interview method and family relationship target but is broader because it does not specify the social service context and frames the target as family relationship functioning rather than specifically interviewing family members within a social service setting.
228604003 (Checking of splint)maps to wider conceptUA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology, unspecified)"Checking of splint" is an assessment activity directed at a splint (a product/technology). The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of any product or technology unspecified, not specifically splints or immobilisation devices.
232182000 (Insertion of osseointegrated bone anchor)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)An osseointegrated bone anchor (e.g., BAHA fixture) is a device implanted into the temporal bone of the skull, making MAA.DN.AA anatomically correct. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers implantation of any device into the skull, not specifically an osseointegrated bone anchor.
241030000 (Aspiration of drain)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific code for aspiration of a drain. LZZ.SN.AE covers management of internal devices in skin and subcutaneous tissue (where surgical drains typically reside), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of device management (not just aspiration) and all device types in that tissue layer (not just drains).
235212007 (Balloon tamponade of esophagus using Sengstaken-Blakemore tube)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)ICHI has no specific tamponade code for the oesophagus. KBA.DL.AC covers the correct anatomy (oesophagus) and the core procedural action (device insertion), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the therapeutic purpose (balloon tamponade for variceal hemorrhage control) or the specific device (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube).
241031001 (Removal of drain)maps to wider conceptPZX.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body or device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no body-site-unspecified drain removal code. PZX.JD.AE is the closest match as it covers percutaneous removal of any internal device from any body site (not elsewhere classified), which subsumes drain removal. It is wider because it encompasses removal of any internal device or foreign body, not just drains specifically.
241027007 (Shortening of drain)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for shortening a drain. LZZ.SN.AE covers general management of internal devices in skin/subcutaneous tissue (where surgical drains typically exit), making it broader than the specific act of shortening a drain.
234732003 (Adjust tooth restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" encompasses all tooth restoration procedures including initial placement, repair, and adjustment. The SNOMED concept specifically refers only to the adjustment of an existing restoration, making the broader restoration code the best available but wider match.
234743006 (Bridge preparation of tooth or teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI does not have a specific code for dental bridge preparation. "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) encompasses restorative dental procedures including crown and bridge work, but it is semantically broader than the specific concept of bridge preparation, covering all forms of tooth restoration.
234762009 (Take impression for complete denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI does not have a specific code for dental impression-taking. KAE.AE.AC is the closest match as impression-taking is an assessment/measurement activity performed on dental structures, but this ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all types of dental examinations.
234763004 (Take impression for partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for taking a dental impression. KAE.LC.AC covers the overall process of fitting and applying dental devices, of which impression-taking for a partial denture is a preparatory sub-step; the ICHI code is wider, encompassing all dental device applications.
234778006 (Try-in of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the oral structures, which encompasses the placement of a trial denture for fit assessment. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to dentures nor to the try-in phase of denture fabrication.
239516002 (Monitoring procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)ICHI has no generic "monitoring procedure" code; all monitoring interventions (.AI. action) are body-system-specific. PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest whole-person diagnostic intervention, but it is wider because observation encompasses monitoring as well as other non-monitoring diagnostic observations.
232467003 (Correction of alar collapse by diathermy of alae nasi)maps to wider conceptJAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)JAA.GA.AC covers destruction of any intranasal lesion by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies diathermy applied to the alae nasi for correction of alar collapse. The ICHI code is broader in target, method, and indication.
232197002 (Diathermy of eustachian tube)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-CBF (Interventions on eustachian tube)ICHI does not have a specific destruction/diathermy code for the eustachian tube (no CBH.GA.AC exists). The block "Interventions on eustachian tube" covers all eustachian tube procedures and is therefore semantically wider than the specific diathermy procedure.
232570001 (Diathermy of laryngeal telangiectasis)maps to wider conceptJAN.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx)The ICHI code covers all methods of destruction of any lesion or tissue of the larynx, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to diathermy as the modality and telangiectasis as the lesion type. The target anatomy (larynx) and action category (destruction) match correctly.
236873006 (Diathermy of lesion of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the cervix by any method (except radiotherapy). The SNOMED concept specifies diathermy as the particular destruction method and targets only lesions, making the ICHI code broader in both method and target scope.
23404005 (Diathermy of nasal turbinates)maps to wider conceptJAC.GA.AC (Destruction of nasal turbinate)ICHI code JAC.GA.AC covers all methods of destruction of the nasal turbinate, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diathermy as the destruction modality. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing diathermy along with other destruction techniques.
232537006 (Diathermy of pharyngeal pouch)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)ICHI has no specific code for pharyngeal pouch or hypopharynx interventions. KBA.GA.AA covers destruction of oesophageal tissue, the closest anatomical match since the pharyngeal pouch arises at the pharyngoesophageal junction; however, it is broader in both method and anatomical scope.
241737008 (Tourniquet release)maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for tourniquet release. PZX.SO.AH captures removing an external assistive device from a body site, but is broader because it covers removal of any assistive product from any unspecified body site.
241732002 (Tourniquet removal (already released))maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no tourniquet-specific code. PZX.SO.AH represents the removal of any assistive product from any body site using an external approach, which encompasses tourniquet removal but is semantically broader.
243154003 (High frequency jet ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's "Artificial ventilation" covers all forms of artificial/mechanical ventilation without distinguishing specific modes. High frequency jet ventilation is a specific ventilation mode, making the ICHI code semantically broader. No more specific ICHI code exists for this technique.
243189001 (Venom immunotherapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Venom immunotherapy involves percutaneous (subcutaneous) injection of venom allergen extracts to modify the immune response. DTB.DB.AE is wider because it covers percutaneous administration of any immunological agent, not specifically venom allergen extracts for desensitization.
265642006 (Obstetric monitoring)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all pregnancy-related functions broadly, while "Obstetric monitoring" is a more clinically specific surveillance activity. The SNOMED concept could also include intrapartum monitoring (covered separately as NME.AI.AH), but NUE.AI.ZZ is the closest single code available.
2658000 (Social service interview of patient)maps to wider conceptSX1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified)The ICHI code captures the correct intervention method (interview) within the social and community domain, but is broader because it encompasses community and civic life generally, not specifically social service delivery by a social service professional.
276346008 (Stoma bag procedures)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for stoma bag/appliance procedures. PTD.SN.AC encompasses all stoma management activities (not just bag-related procedures), making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically about stoma bag procedures.
281178003 (Construction of occlusal rim)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for constructing an occlusal rim. KAE.LC.AC covers general application of dental devices, which subsumes the occlusal rim as a type of dental device, but is substantially broader than the specific prosthodontic fabrication step described by the SNOMED concept.
281184000 (Wax-up of trial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no code for denture wax-up or trial denture fabrication. KAE.LC.AC covers applying dental devices generally, which encompasses denture-related procedures but is substantially broader than this specific intermediate laboratory/clinical step in removable prosthodontic fabrication.
281186003 (Add tooth to denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A denture is an external removable appliance of the teeth, and adding a tooth to it is a specific form of management/modification. KAE.SM.AC encompasses all management activities on external dental appliances (adjustment, repair, modification), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
281674000 (Design of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for denture design/planning. KAE.LC.AC encompasses the full process of providing a dental device (including dentures), of which design is a component step. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the entire application process, not just the design phase.
281897000 (Helicobacter eradication therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI lacks a specific code for Helicobacter eradication or GI-tract-targeted antimicrobial therapy. PZA.DB.AC correctly captures the oral drug administration method but is substantially broader as it encompasses any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of condition, body system, or therapeutic intent.
287790000 (Stoma scar tissue released)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FC.AA (Release of scar or web contracture of skin, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.FC.AA captures the correct surgical action (release) and target tissue (skin scar/contracture) but is broader because it applies to any skin site and is not specific to a stoma location. ICHI has no stoma-specific scar release code.
288194000 (Routine episiotomy and repair)maps to wider conceptPAW.FA.AA (Episiotomy)The ICHI code covers episiotomy as a general procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies "routine" episiotomy explicitly combined with repair. Clinically, episiotomy inherently includes subsequent repair, but the ICHI code lacks the "routine" qualifier and the explicit repair component.
300020002 (Tubal diathermy)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)Tubal diathermy is a specific method (electrocautery/diathermy) used to achieve fallopian tube occlusion for sterilization. NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes by any method (clips, rings, diathermy, etc.), making it semantically broader.
301760002 (Diathermy of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AA (Destruction of ovary)NMA.GA.AA covers destruction of the ovary by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies diathermy as the destruction technique. ICHI does not differentiate destruction modalities, so the ICHI code is semantically broader.
304846008 (External subdural drain procedure)maps to wider conceptAAC.JB.AA (Drainage of cerebral meninges)AAC.JB.AA covers drainage of the cerebral meninges generally (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid spaces) and does not distinguish external vs. internal drainage. The SNOMED concept specifically denotes an external drain of the subdural space, making the ICHI code broader.
306382007 (Discharge by health worker)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for the clinical discharge act performed by a health worker. PZB.ZY.ZY covers health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the specific discharge concept.
307111006 (Remove endosseous jaw implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)KAE.JD.AC covers removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, which encompasses endosseous jaw implant removal but is broader in scope as it also includes removal of other dental devices and foreign bodies.
307999008 (Diathermy of skin lesion)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers all methods of destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue at any unspecified body site, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to diathermy of a skin lesion. The ICHI code is broader in both method and target tissue scope.
309466006 (Clinical observation regime)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)PZB.AM.ZZ captures the core concept of clinically observing a patient as a whole but is broader because it encompasses any observation without specifying the structured, ongoing regime/protocol aspect that the SNOMED concept implies.
311402003 (Staff education)maps to wider conceptUCK.VA.ZZ (Capacity building targeting support from health professionals)ICHI does not have a direct "staff education" code. UCK.VA.ZZ targets the capacity of health professional support through prevention-oriented interventions, which encompasses staff education as one component, but "capacity building" is broader than education alone.
445970000 (Moving patient from bed to chair)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)In ICHI/ICF terminology, "transferring" (SHG) covers moving from one surface to another (bed to chair, wheelchair to toilet, etc.). The SNOMED concept specifies the particular transfer scenario (bed to chair), making the ICHI code semantically broader.
445969001 (Moving subject from chair to bed)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)"Transferring oneself" (SHG) in ICHI/ICF specifically refers to moving from one surface to another, and "RA" means performing this task for the person. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any surface-to-surface transfer, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a chair-to-bed transfer.
427479001 (Anchoring of chest drain using suture)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)ICHI has no specific code for anchoring or securing a chest drain with suture. JCB.JB.AA is the closest match because anchoring the drain is a component step of the chest drain insertion/drainage procedure, but the ICHI code encompasses the entire drainage intervention, making it semantically broader.
445099008 (Assessment of wound drain device)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)A wound drain is an internal device placed through skin and subcutaneous tissue. "Management of internal device" is broader than "assessment" because management encompasses assessment, adjustment, and maintenance, whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to the assessment component.
446232000 (Collection of bile via biliary T-tube)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct)Collection of bile via a biliary T-tube is a specific form of bile duct drainage performed through an existing T-tube. KCM.JB.AA covers drainage of the bile duct in general without specifying the route or device, making it semantically broader.
769401004 (Collection of body fluid from surgical drain)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for collecting fluid from a surgical drain. PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual specimen collection code covering any site not elsewhere classified, which encompasses drain fluid collection but is semantically broader as it covers all unspecified specimen types and collection methods.
705084002 (Collection of fluid specimen via closed suction drain)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for specimen collection from a closed suction drain. PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual specimen collection category encompassing all specimen collection methods not specifically enumerated elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the specimen type and collection method.
432243007 (Conversion of biliary external drainage to internal and external drainage using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.KA.AD (Replacement of device in biliary duct)The SNOMED concept describes converting an external biliary drain to an internal-external drain under fluoroscopic guidance, which is functionally a replacement of a biliary duct device. KCM.KA.AD covers device replacement generally, making it broader as it does not specify the type of drainage conversion, approach, or imaging guidance.
446847002 (Drainage of pleural cavity via chest tube)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AA covers drainage of the pleural cavity by any non-thoracoscopic, non-percutaneous approach, which encompasses chest tube drainage but is not limited to it. The SNOMED concept is more specific by designating a chest tube as the means of drainage.
698956007 (Insertion of drain)maps to wider conceptPZX.DL.AE (Insertion of a device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a body-site-unspecified "insertion of drain" code; all ICHI drainage codes are site-specific. PZX.DL.AE is the generic residual code for device insertion at any unspecified site, which subsumes drain insertion but is broader because it covers insertion of any device type.
432510007 (Insertion of iridium wire via T-tube into biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AF (Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts)The SNOMED concept describes percutaneous bile duct brachytherapy via T-tube with fluoroscopic guidance. ICHI lacks a dedicated bile duct radiotherapy code, so KCM.GA.AF is the closest match covering percutaneous destruction of the bile duct but is broader, encompassing all percutaneous destruction methods without specifying brachytherapy or imaging guidance.
713164007 (Lithotripsy of biliary stone using laser by T-tube approach)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AJ (Percutaneous biliary endoscopy via existing T-tube or other tract for removal of calculus or stone)KCM.JE.AJ is the only ICHI code that specifically captures the T-tube approach for biliary calculus intervention, but it encompasses any method of calculus removal via T-tube (not just laser lithotripsy), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the laser modality.
710107001 (Maintenance of wound drain)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers management of any internal device in skin and subcutaneous tissue (not limited to wound drains), making it semantically broader. However, a wound drain is an internal device in skin/subcutaneous tissue, and the SN action (management) aligns well with "maintenance."
72317001 (Penrose maintenance)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)A Penrose drain is an internal device placed in subcutaneous tissue for passive gravity drainage, and "Penrose maintenance" corresponds to management of that device in situ. LZZ.SN.AE covers management of any internal device in skin/subcutaneous tissue without specifying device type or body site, making it semantically broader.
710137005 (Promotion of acceptance of health status)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)In the ICF framework, "global psychosocial functions" encompasses adaptability, resilience, and psychological adjustment, which covers acceptance of health status. However, ATF.PP.ZZ is broader as it addresses all global psychosocial functions rather than specifically targeting acceptance of one's health condition.
710138000 (Promotion of adherence to exercise regime)maps to wider conceptVEB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about physical activity behaviours)VEB.PP.ZZ covers all counselling about physical activity behaviours, which subsumes promoting adherence to an exercise regime. The ICHI code is broader in both intervention type (general counselling vs. adherence promotion) and target (physical activity behaviours vs. a specific exercise regime).
710140005 (Promotion of bowel routine)maps to wider conceptSMD.PH.ZZ (Training in toileting)"Training in toileting" captures the concept of promoting a routine for elimination as a self-care activity. However, the ICHI code is wider because "toileting" encompasses both bowel and urinary elimination, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to bowel routine only.
711099002 (Promotion of community breastfeeding education)maps to wider conceptVEH.PM.ZZ (Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's focus on community breastfeeding education promotion. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to community-level promotion specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the community setting and the promotional nature of the intervention.
58951000087106 (Promotion of development of constructive self-criticism)maps to wider conceptAUL.PH.ZZ (Training of experience of self and time functions)In ICHI/ICF, "experience of self" functions (ICF b180) encompass self-image, self-perception, and self-awareness, which are the core mental functions involved in constructive self-criticism. The ICHI "Training" action aligns well with the SNOMED "Promotion of development" concept as both describe active skill-building. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all experience-of-self functions (including body image, time experience) and is not limited to the specific skill of constructive self-criticism.
710144001 (Promotion of diversional therapy)maps to wider conceptSXC.PN.ZZ (Advising about engaging in recreation and leisure)SXC.PN.ZZ covers advising about recreation and leisure engagement, which encompasses the concept of promoting diversional therapy. However, the ICHI code is broader because it addresses all recreation and leisure advising rather than specifically promoting diversional (recreational) therapy as a therapeutic intervention, and "advising" is a broader action than "promotion" which implies specifically encouraging uptake.
438651005 (Promotion of self actualization)maps to wider conceptVEL.PP.ZZ (Counselling about behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)ICHI has no specific code for self-actualization. VEL.PP.ZZ covers counselling about behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing, which encompasses self-actualization promotion but is semantically broader — it addresses all psychological wellbeing behaviours rather than the specific concept of self-actualization.
710157009 (Promotion of self management of symptom)maps to wider conceptSMH.PH.ZZ (Training in looking after one's health)SMH.PH.ZZ covers training a person in looking after one's health, which encompasses symptom self-management but is broader — it includes all aspects of health self-care (diet, exercise, medication adherence, etc.), not just symptom management specifically. The SNOMED concept is narrowly focused on promoting self-management of symptoms.
733915005 (Promotion of self-toileting)maps to wider conceptSMD.PH.ZZ (Training in toileting)"Training in toileting" covers all forms of toileting training, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting independent/self-toileting. The ICHI code encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader in scope, as it does not restrict to self-directed toileting promotion.
710139008 (Promotion of urinary bladder routine)maps to wider conceptNTD.PH.ZZ (Training of urination functions)"Promotion of urinary bladder routine" is a specific behavioral intervention focused on establishing a scheduled bladder voiding routine, while NTD.PH.ZZ encompasses all forms of urination function training, making the ICHI code semantically broader. The match is strong because both target urination/bladder function through training-type interventions.
710126009 (Promotion of use of eye glasses)maps to wider conceptBTB.PM.ZZ (Education about seeing functions)"Education about seeing functions" encompasses all educational interventions related to seeing functions, including but not limited to promoting the use of eyeglasses. The SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifically targets promoting the use of one particular corrective device (eyeglasses).
710128005 (Promotion of use of hip protector)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)The SNOMED concept specifically promotes the use of hip protectors (a personal protective product), while UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about all products and technology for personal daily living use. The ICHI code captures the core action but is broader in scope, not limited to hip protectors or safety devices specifically.
710125008 (Promotion of use of memory skills)maps to wider conceptAUB.PH.ZZ (Training of memory functions)"Training of memory functions" encompasses the broader activity of developing and strengthening memory capabilities, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting the use of memory skills (encouraging application of learned memory strategies). The ICHI code covers training memory functions generally, making it broader.
710124007 (Promotion of use of progressive muscle relaxation technique)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PM.ZZ (Education about handling stress and other psychological demands)SDJ.PM.ZZ covers education about handling stress and psychological demands in general, which encompasses promoting the use of progressive muscle relaxation as one specific stress-handling technique. The ICHI code is broader because it is not limited to any particular technique.
827129004 (Insertion of composite restoration using strip crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC encompasses all types of dental restorations regardless of material or technique, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes a composite resin restoration performed using the strip crown technique. The ICHI code is semantically broader, as it does not distinguish the composite material or the strip crown method from other restoration approaches.
311569007 (Dysphagia therapy regime)maps to wider conceptKTC.SC.ZZ (Facilitating swallowing)"Facilitating swallowing" in ICHI refers to applying therapeutic techniques to improve or restore swallowing function, which encompasses the core therapeutic intent of a dysphagia therapy regime. The ICHI code is wider because "facilitating swallowing" covers any therapeutic facilitation of swallowing (not only dysphagia-specific regimes), while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured therapy regime for dysphagia.
31532004 (Social service at home)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.RG.ZZ covers providing general social support services broadly at a systems and policies level, without specifying the home setting or individual-level delivery. The SNOMED concept is more specific as it restricts the social service to the home context, making the ICHI code wider in scope.
361259002 (Cystoscopy and cystodiathermy)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)The ICHI code covers transurethral (endoscopic/cystoscopic) destruction of bladder lesions or tissue by any method, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept that specifies diathermy (electrocautery) as the destruction technique. The cystoscopic approach is implicit in "transurethral," making this a good match where the ICHI code is broader.
363079009 (Diathermy of visual system)maps to wider conceptBZZ.ZY.ZY (Other specified interventions on the visual system)ICHI lacks a general "destruction of visual system" code. The SNOMED concept specifies diathermy applied to the visual system without naming a specific anatomical substructure. BZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual "other specified" code for the visual system, which is wider because it encompasses any unclassified visual system intervention, not specifically destruction/diathermy.
363152007 (Immune system surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified)DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest codeable category within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, which encompasses immune system organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils). It is wider because it covers all intervention types (not just surgical) and includes haematopoietic structures beyond the immune system proper.
363187007 (Limb operation)maps to wider conceptMZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified)ICHI has no single code for "limb operation" — it separates upper and lower limb musculoskeletal interventions into distinct blocks. MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the entire musculoskeletal system, which is wider because it also covers head/neck, trunk, and vertebral column musculoskeletal interventions beyond just limbs.
370840004 (Maintaining and protecting the patient's autonomy, dignity, and human rights)maps to wider conceptSXK.TA.ZZ (Advocacy in relation to enjoying human rights)SXK.TA.ZZ covers advocacy related to human rights enjoyment broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's focus on maintaining and protecting autonomy, dignity, and human rights. The ICHI code is wider because it is a general category that could apply beyond the specific patient-centered scope described in the SNOMED concept.
370886002 (Safety procedure)maps to wider conceptVC1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified safety-related behaviours)VC1.ZZ.ZZ is a residual category covering unspecified safety-related behavioural interventions. While SNOMED's "Safety procedure" is itself a broad concept denoting a specific procedural intent (ensuring safety), VC1.ZZ.ZZ serves as a catch-all for any unclassified safety-related behavioural intervention, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
373351007 (Surgical procedure on soft tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRS (Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site)BlockL5-MRS is the ICHI grouping block for all interventions on soft tissue at an unspecified body site. It is wider because it includes non-surgical interventions (imaging, massage, stretch, shockwave therapy) in addition to surgical ones, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to surgical procedures only.
37508003 (Operation on neck)maps to wider conceptPAB (Head or neck, not otherwise specified)ICHI has no single code for a generic "operation on neck." PAB represents the broadest non-system-specific grouping for interventions on the head or neck region, but it is wider because it includes both head and neck (not neck alone) and encompasses all intervention types rather than only surgical operations.
381871000000107 (Assessment of parenting capacity)maps to wider conceptVEJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of parenting behaviours)VEJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of parenting behaviours broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to the specific assessment of parenting capacity. The SNOMED concept targets a narrower focus (capacity/competence to parent), making the ICHI code semantically wider.
386324008 (Hope instillation)maps to wider conceptATF.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for global psychosocial functions)Hope instillation is a specific nursing intervention focused on fostering a patient's belief in positive outcomes, which is one particular form of emotional support targeting global psychosocial functioning. ATF.RC.ZZ encompasses all emotional support for global psychosocial functions, making it semantically broader.
386416002 (Role enhancement)maps to wider conceptATF.PH.ZZ (Training of global psychosocial functions)"Role enhancement" specifically targets improving a person's ability to fulfill social roles through clarifying and supplementing role behaviors. ATF.PH.ZZ encompasses role functioning as a component of global psychosocial functioning but is broader, covering all psychosocial dimensions beyond just role-specific performance.
386494000 (Visitation facilitation)maps to wider conceptSSJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in family relationships)"Visitation facilitation" is a specific nursing intervention focused on arranging and enabling visits by family and friends. SSJ.RB.ZZ encompasses all forms of practical support for family relationship engagement, of which facilitating visits is one specific type, making the ICHI code broader.
387661001 (Operation on respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the respiratory system, voice and speech, unspecified)JZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category for unspecified interventions on the respiratory system in ICHI. It is wider because it also covers voice and speech interventions and is not limited to surgical operations, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes surgical operations on the respiratory tract alone.
392236004 (Operative procedure on spinal structure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)BlockL4-MBA is the broadest ICHI grouping for spinal interventions, encompassing all vertebral column regions and all intervention types. It is wider because it includes non-operative interventions (imaging, manipulation, mobilisation) whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to operative procedures; though the SNOMED concept also covers spinal cord/nerve structures outside MBA.
398259002 (Physiatric stretching of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.PD.ZZ (Stretch of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.PD.ZZ describes stretching of muscle at an unspecified site, which directly matches the core intervention. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to a physiatric (physical medicine and rehabilitation) context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the stretching as physiatric in nature.
398260007 (Tourniquet positioned on patient)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for tourniquet application. PZX.DP.AH covers the installation of an external therapeutic device on a body site, which subsumes tourniquet placement but is substantially broader, encompassing any assistive product installation at any location not elsewhere classified.
40932000 (Routine administration of medication)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ covers all pharmacotherapy administration regardless of route, which encompasses routine medication administration. The ICHI code is wider because it includes both routine and non-routine administration, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically qualified as "routine."
413648008 (Biological treatment)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI lacks a specific code for biological/biologic therapy. PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of any pharmacotherapy without specifying the route, which subsumes biological treatment but also includes all other pharmacotherapies, making it semantically wider. The DTB.DB series for immunological agents is more aligned but each code is route-specific and immunological agents are only a subset of biological treatments.
425554000 (Removal of dental crown from tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A dental crown is an external appliance fitted over a tooth, making the target a correct match. However, KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities on external appliances (including adjustment, replacement, and removal), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the removal action.
428555003 (Transvenous implantation of automatic cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code matches the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) endocardial approach and covers defibrillator system implantation, but it is wider because it also encompasses pacemaker implantation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to automatic cardiac defibrillators only.
42937000 (Restoration, crown, single)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (crowns, fillings, inlays, onlays, etc.) without specifying the restoration type or quantity, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a single crown restoration. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader.
440089000 (Sleep restriction therapy)maps to wider conceptATK.PH.ZZ (Training of sleep functions)Sleep restriction therapy is a specific behavioral training technique for insomnia that restricts time in bed to consolidate sleep. ATK.PH.ZZ encompasses all forms of sleep function training, making it semantically broader than the specific sleep restriction technique described by the SNOMED concept.
448434009 (Removal of dental prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)KAE.JD.AC covers the removal of any dental internal device or foreign body from teeth, which encompasses dental prostheses but is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets dental prosthesis removal.
449857002 (Placement of healing abutment)maps to wider conceptKAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)KAE.DN.AC covers the overall prosthetic dental implant procedure, which encompasses the placement of a healing abutment as one step in the implant workflow. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to the placement of the healing abutment component.
49509003 (Operation on lymphatic structure)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified)DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code for unspecified interventions on the lymphatic system. It is wider because it also encompasses the haematopoietic system, not just lymphatic structures.
57103007 (Reattachment of retina by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code, as ICHI has no specific code for retinal reattachment or diathermy-based retinal procedures. It is wider because "Repair of retina" encompasses all retinal repair methods and does not specify the technique (diathermy).
57443006 (Physiatric stretching of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.PD.ZZ (Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.PD.ZZ covers stretching of all soft tissue at an unspecified body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets fascia. ICHI lacks a dedicated "stretch of fascia" code, and "soft tissue" is the closest encompassing target.
59921003 (Restoration, crown, porcelain fused to predominantly base metal)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (fillings, inlays, onlays, crowns of any material), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes a porcelain-fused-to-base-metal crown restoration. ICHI lacks a code specific to crown restorations or crown material type.
60139001 (Operative esophagogastroduodenoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBI.AE.AD (Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy)KBI.AE.AD represents oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in general without distinguishing diagnostic from operative/therapeutic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an operative (therapeutic/surgical) EGD.
702601001 (Routine gynecologic examination)maps to wider conceptNMS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified)NMS.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of the female genital system, which subsumes the SNOMED concept of a routine gynecologic examination. The ICHI code is broader because it is not limited to routine/screening contexts.
708804002 (Implantation of totally implantable infusion pump)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no specific code for implantation of an infusion pump. LAB.DL.AA covers the correct anatomical site where implantable infusion pumps are placed, but is broader: it uses the generic action "insertion of device" and does not specify the device type.
710080003 (Protection of religious belief)maps to wider conceptSXH.TA.ZZ (Advocacy in relation to engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.TA.ZZ covers advocacy for engaging in religion and spirituality broadly, which encompasses the more specific SNOMED concept of protecting religious belief. The ICHI code is wider because it includes spirituality in addition to religion, and advocacy in general rather than protection specifically.
710082006 (Protection of cultural belief)maps to wider conceptSXH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality)"Protection of cultural belief" is a specific form of practical support aimed at safeguarding cultural beliefs within a care context. SXH.RB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses all forms of practical support for engaging in religion and spirituality, not limited to the protective aspect, and uses the broader framing of "religion and spirituality" rather than "cultural belief."
710351004 (Transportation to home)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general act of transporting a person, which encompasses transportation to home, but does not specify the destination (home), making the ICHI code broader.
711431005 (Repatriation by road)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the act of transporting a patient but does not specify the mode of transport (road) or the repatriation aspect. ICHI has no codes distinguishing transport by road from other modes.
711432003 (Repatriation by air travel)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person in a health context but does not specify the mode of transport (air) or the repatriation purpose. ICHI has no air-transport-specific codes.
712490006 (Facilitating forgiveness)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)ICHI has no specific forgiveness intervention code. Facilitating forgiveness is a counselling-type intervention targeting psychosocial functioning, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all global psychosocial counselling rather than the specific process of forgiveness.
715537001 (Transportation by ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person without specifying the mode of transport, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes ambulance transportation.
715760007 (Facilitation of development of supportive relationship)maps to wider conceptSSG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in informal social relationships)SSG.RB.ZZ captures the facilitation aspect (practical support) applied to supportive relationships (informal social relationships), but is wider because it covers all practical support with informal social relationships, not just development of new supportive relationships.
715954004 (Transportation by commercial flight)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the core concept of transporting a patient but does not specify the mode of transport. ICHI has no codes distinguishing air or commercial flight transport from other modalities.
715956002 (Transportation by taxi)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the general health intervention of transporting a person, which encompasses taxi transportation but does not specify the mode of transport.
715957006 (Transportation by own transport)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general concept of transporting a person without specifying the mode or arrangement, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes self-arranged/own transport.
716367000 (Transportation by public transport)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person by any mode. ICHI has no code distinguishing public transport from other transport modes.
717810008 (Routine postpartum follow-up)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has no specific postpartum/postnatal follow-up code. NUE.AA.ZZ is the best match because postpartum follow-up assesses recovery of pregnancy-related functions, but the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all assessment of pregnancy functions including antenatal assessments.
718082005 (Replacement of tooth with removable denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, including but not limited to removable dentures. The SNOMED concept specifically describes replacement with a removable denture, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
719918006 (Social Use of Language program)maps to wider conceptSGA.PH.ZZ (Training in having a conversation)SGA.PH.ZZ covers all training in having a conversation more broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets pragmatic language skills (social rules of language use, turn-taking, context-appropriate communication).
720370008 (Transportation by car)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the health intervention of transporting a person but does not specify the mode of transport, making it broader than car-specific transport.
720371007 (Transportation by bariatric transport)maps to wider conceptSKA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with using transportation)SKA.RB.ZZ covers practical support with using transportation as a passenger, which encompasses bariatric transport but does not specify specialized heavy-duty transport for patients with high body weight.
74251004 (Physiatric mobilization of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site)Both describe mobilisation of a joint at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to the physiatric (rehabilitation medicine) context specified in the SNOMED concept.
74943008 (Operation on trunk)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAA (Interventions on trunk, not otherwise specified)ICHI's block encompasses all interventions (surgical and non-surgical) on the trunk region, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to surgical operations on the trunk.
76790002 (Insertion of tissue expander)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific tissue expander insertion code. LZZ.DL.AE is the site-unspecified residual code for percutaneous insertion of any device into skin/subcutaneous tissue, which is broader because it covers any device type, not just tissue expanders.
773273007 (Insertion of temporary dental crown on tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (fillings, crowns, inlays, etc.) without distinguishing the specific restoration type or temporary/permanent nature. The SNOMED concept specifies a temporary dental crown specifically.
780824004 (Family contact facilitation)maps to wider conceptSSJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in family relationships)SSJ.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support for engaging in family relationships, which encompasses but is broader than the specific activity of facilitating family contact.
79537002 (Operation on endocrine system)maps to wider conceptEZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the endocrine system, unspecified)EZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual code for all interventions on the endocrine system. ICHI's "interventions" is broader than SNOMED's "operation" which implies surgical procedures specifically.
79820000 (Endoscopy of ovary and fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AB (Laparoscopy)ICHI has no specific endoscopy code for the ovary or fallopian tube. PAK.AE.AB represents diagnostic laparoscopy of the abdomen, which is the procedure used to visualize the ovary and fallopian tube, but is wider as it covers the entire abdomen.
80342005 (Drilling)maps to wider conceptMRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)SNOMED "Drilling" refers specifically to creating a hole using a rotary drill, while ICHI osteotomy encompasses all forms of surgical bone cutting (drilling, sawing, chiseling) at any site.
80764003 (Restoration, inlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC encompasses all types of dental restorations (fillings, inlays, onlays, crowns, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an inlay restoration.
895405008 (Pharmacy delivery service)maps to wider conceptUAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)UAC.RG.ZZ covers providing any services in relation to medications, which encompasses pharmacy delivery services but is broader in scope. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to a pharmacy delivery service, which is one type of medication-related service.
9990009 (Radiation therapy treatment planning service)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)ICHI does not have a specific code for radiation therapy treatment planning. PZB.TB.ZZ captures clinical planning for an individual patient but is broader because it covers any type of individualised health intervention planning, not specifically radiation therapy planning.
898143001 (Home parenteral therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.AF (Intravenous administration of nutritional substance)PZA.DA.AF captures the core clinical intervention of intravenous (parenteral) nutritional administration but is wider because it does not specify the home setting; ICHI does not encode care setting as part of intervention codes.
91101005 (Operation on ligament)maps to wider conceptMZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified)ICHI has no site-unspecified "operation on ligament" code; all ligament interventions are split by body region. MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual for the entire musculoskeletal system, broader than ligament-specific operations.
89901005 (Operative procedure on head)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAB (Interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified)ICHI has no single intervention code for a general operative procedure on the head. BlockL5-PAB is the closest structural match but is wider because it also includes neck and encompasses all intervention types, not just operative/surgical.
782707007 (Ab externo canaloplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab externo canaloplasty is a specific non-penetrating procedure that dilates Schlemm's canal via an external approach to facilitate aqueous outflow, which maps conceptually to "facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye," but ICHI does not capture the specific canal target, the viscoelastic-tensioning technique, or the ab externo approach — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1303782005 (Ab interno canaloplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab interno canaloplasty dilates Schlemm's canal from an internal approach to enhance aqueous outflow, which maps to facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber of the eye; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the specific canal targeted, the ab interno approach, or the dilation technique used in this MIGS procedure.
265572009 (Abdominoperineal suspension of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck regardless of surgical approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominoperineal route, making the ICHI code broader. The bladder neck is the correct ICHI target axis for urethral/bladder neck suspension procedures such as Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz, Burch, and sling operations.
397958003 (Accessing of implantable venous access port)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF covers maintaining intravenous access via a percutaneous approach on a vein not elsewhere classified, which encompasses needle access to an implanted venous port, but is broader because it applies to any intravenous access maintenance (not specifically an implantable port/TIVAD). No ICHI code specifically represents the discrete act of accessing an implanted venous port with a needle.
233414009 (Adjustment of arterial intraluminal device)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF captures the concept of managing an implanted vascular device (blood vessel NEC, management of internal device, percutaneous/transluminal), aligning with adjustment of an arterial intraluminal device; however, it is broader because it encompasses any blood vessel (venous or arterial) and any form of device management, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the arterial system and the act of adjustment.
233487005 (Adjustment of intraluminal device of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF directly addresses an arteriovenous shunt (the anatomical correlate of an AV fistula) and the action "management" (SN) covers device adjustment within that structure. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all management activities on the arteriovenous shunt and does not specify that the intervention is confined to an intraluminal device adjustment.
302333009 (Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode adjacent to spinal cord tissue)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment) of any internal device within the spinal canal via percutaneous approach, which encompasses adjustment of a neurostimulator electrode adjacent to the spinal cord — the SNOMED concept is more specific (neurostimulator electrode only), while the ICHI code is broader (any spinal canal internal device).
302324007 (Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode in brain tissue)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)AAA.KA.AA covers revision/replacement of any intracranial device (brain target + internal device action), which is the closest available ICHI category to adjusting/repositioning a neurostimulator electrode in brain tissue, but it is broader: it is not limited to neurostimulator electrodes, and "replacement" encompasses device revision/repositioning rather than specifically electrode adjustment. No ICHI code exists for DBS electrode adjustment specifically.
231121007 (Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode in peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device)ICHI does not have a dedicated "adjustment" action for peripheral nerve, so ACA.KA.AE (percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device) is the closest available code, covering revision/repositioning of an implanted peripheral nerve device; it is broader because "replacement" encompasses both adjustment and actual device substitution, and the SNOMED concept specifies a neurostimulator electrode specifically rather than any peripheral nerve device.
782389006 (Adjustment of setting of infusion pump)maps to wider conceptPZA.SN.AH (Management of pharmacotherapy internal device)PZA.SN.AH covers management of any pharmacotherapy internal device, which encompasses adjusting infusion pump settings, but is broader — it includes other management actions (checking, reprogramming, troubleshooting) and does not specifically distinguish adjustment of settings from other device management.
231020006 (Adjustment to epidural electrode)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment/repositioning) of any internal device placed in the spinal canal, which aligns well with adjusting an epidural electrode (a neurostimulator lead in the epidural/spinal canal space), but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all types of internal spinal canal devices and all forms of management, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about adjustment of an epidural electrode used for neurostimulation.
397874007 (Airway exchange catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptJBA.KA.AC (Replacement of tracheal device)An airway exchange catheter procedure is specifically an exchange-catheter-guided replacement of an endotracheal tube, which is a tracheal device; JBA.KA.AC covers any replacement of a tracheal device and is therefore broader than the technique-specific SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for catheter-guided tube exchange.
41751005 (Anatomic measurement)maps to wider conceptPZX.AB.AH (Measurement of a body part, not elsewhere classified)"Anatomic measurement" in SNOMED is a general concept covering measurement of any anatomical structure, which maps best to this residual ICHI category for measurement of a body part at any unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because it is an NEC residual category that also encompasses more specific body-part measurements not captured elsewhere, while the SNOMED concept is itself generic and non-site-specific.
2382000 (Application of breast pump)maps to wider conceptNUH (Lactation)ICHI has no code specifically for mechanical breast milk expression with a pump; the most applicable assignable code is NUH (Lactation), which covers the lactation function broadly but does not capture the specific device-based intervention of applying a breast pump. NUH is wider because it encompasses all interventions on lactation, not just the mechanical pumping action described in the SNOMED concept.
20762007 (Application of electric heating pad)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the action (warming via heat) at a peripheral/unspecified body site, which encompasses an electric heating pad application, but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific device type (electric pad) nor the particular body site targeted. No more specific ICHI code exists for superficial or electrical heat application.
177108001 (Application of fetal scalp electrode)maps to wider conceptNMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)The SNOMED concept specifies the placement of a fetal scalp electrode, which is the defining technique for performing internal fetal monitoring; ICHI's NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring as a whole without encoding the specific electrode-to-scalp means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
424831005 (Application of foot pump)maps to wider conceptPND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)ICHI does not have a specific code for pneumatic foot pump or intermittent pneumatic compression devices; PND.DP.AH captures the correct body site (foot) and the non-invasive external device application action, but "assistive product" is a broader category that does not encode the circulatory/DVT-prophylaxis purpose or the pneumatic compression mechanism of the SNOMED concept.
1352012007 (Application of L-PRF (leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin) to wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)L-PRF is an autologous biological substance applied topically, making "external application of substance to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC" the best structural match in ICHI; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any externally applied substance to any skin site, without specifying the wound context, the biological nature of L-PRF, or its regenerative/platelet-concentrate mechanism.
447686008 (Application of pressure to wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DK.AH covers all forms of dressing application to skin/subcutaneous tissue and does not specify the pressure component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes applying pressure (e.g., manual or compressive dressing) to a wound for haemostasis or wound closure. ICHI has no dedicated code for pressure-based wound intervention, so this NEC dressing code in the integumentary system is the best available match.
422744007 (Arterial catheter care)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device and is not specific to arterial catheters, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which focuses exclusively on care of an indwelling arterial catheter. No artery-specific catheter management code exists in ICHI, so this NEC category under "Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" is the closest available match.
737010001 (Assessment of pulmonary artery catheter)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of entire heart, heart or great vessel, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the entire heart or great vessel (which includes the pulmonary artery where a PA/Swan-Ganz catheter resides), making it the closest structural and action fit; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any assessment of the heart or great vessels, while the SNOMED concept specifically scopes the assessment to the pulmonary artery catheter device itself.
427614007 (Atrial catheter care)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device via a percutaneous approach, which encompasses the ongoing care (maintenance, flushing, dressing changes) of an atrial catheter, but it is broader in that it applies to all vascular devices and does not specify the atrial location. No ICHI code exists for atrial catheter care specifically.
233040005 (Atrial fenestration operation)maps to wider conceptHAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)HAD.FA.AA captures the core action of creating an opening through the atrial septum, which is the operative intent of an atrial fenestration. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for "fenestration" specifically (which implies a deliberate, controlled hole rather than a simple incision), making this code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
134377004 (Atrial fibrillation monitoring)maps to wider conceptHFC.AI.AH (Cardiac electrophysiological monitoring)HFC.AI.AH covers monitoring of the heart's conducting system (electrophysiological monitoring) via an ambulatory/non-invasive approach, which is the correct clinical category for atrial fibrillation monitoring (e.g., Holter monitor, cardiac event recorder). However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses monitoring of any cardiac arrhythmia or electrophysiological abnormality, not solely atrial fibrillation.
174822005 (Atrial inversion operation using atrial wall)maps to wider conceptHAZ.LI.AA (Atrial baffle procedure)HAZ.LI.AA covers all atrial baffle (atrial switch) procedures at the atrium level, which includes the Senning operation (atrial inversion using native atrial wall tissue) as well as the Mustard procedure (using synthetic or pericardial material), making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes the Senning variant using atrial wall. No more specific ICHI code exists for the Senning procedure alone.
51270009 (Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) measurement)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for individual laboratory analytes such as natriuretic peptides; HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function as a broad category, which encompasses a serum ANF measurement used to evaluate cardiac/volume status, but is substantially broader than the specific analyte-level SNOMED concept.
233009003 (Atrial operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HAA (Interventions on heart, atrium)"Atrial operation" is a SNOMED grouper concept covering any surgical operation on the cardiac atria, which corresponds most closely to the ICHI organizational block "Interventions on heart, atrium" (BlockL4-HAA), itself a grouping that contains all left atrial, right atrial, atrial septal, and unspecified atrial interventions. Because BlockL4-HAA encompasses the full range of possible atrial operations rather than a single procedure type, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, making "wider" the appropriate equivalence.
287696002 (Atrial overdrive pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)Atrial overdrive pacing is a specific technique for terminating atrial tachyarrhythmias by delivering rapid pacing stimuli to interrupt the re-entrant circuit, which is an instance of arrhythmia conversion. HFC.SC.AH is broader because it does not specify the atrial site, the overdrive/burst pacing method, or that it is pacing-based rather than electrical shock or pharmacological conversion.
61522002 (Atrial septectomy by blade method)maps to wider conceptHAD.JJ.AA (Atrial septectomy)HAD.JJ.AA covers atrial septectomy as a general procedure but does not encode the specific blade catheter technique (Park blade septostomy) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing all methods of atrial septectomy without specifying the percutaneous blade approach.
31415001 (Atrial septostomy by blade method)maps to wider conceptHAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)HAD.FA.AA captures the core intervention — cutting/incising the atrial septum to create or enlarge an interatrial communication — which is the functional intent of blade (Park) septostomy, but the ICHI code does not specify the percutaneous catheter-delivered blade technique and uses an open-approach means axis (AA), making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific blade-catheter method.
233043007 (Atrial septostomy operation)maps to wider conceptHAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)"Atrial septostomy operation" in SNOMED is a broad grouping concept covering all approaches (open surgical, balloon, blade) to creating an opening in the atrial septum, whereas HAD.FA.AA specifies incision via an open approach (FA = incision, AA = open), making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single ICHI code covers all septostomy modalities, and incision of the atrial septum is the closest structural and anatomical match available in ICHI.
69220007 (Atrioplasty)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for atrioplasty (plastic repair of the atrium), and no generic "repair of atrium" category exists in the atrium blocks; HZZ.MK.AA covers cardiac repair procedures not captured by more specific codes, making it the best available fit but broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically an atrial procedure.
233164009 (Atrioventricular disconnection operation)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AA covers ablation of the entire cardiac conduction system via open surgical approach, which encompasses AV disconnection but is broader — it does not specify the AV node/junction as the specific target. The SNOMED concept is more granular, referring specifically to surgical disconnection at the atrioventricular level rather than the conduction system as a whole.
232879007 (Atrioventricular (non-mitral, non-tricuspid) valve operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HDM (Interventions on congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve)The SNOMED concept describes a non-specific operation on an AV valve that is neither mitral nor tricuspid — exactly the anatomy covered by ICHI's "congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve" block. The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses all specific intervention types (repair, replacement, reconstruction, dilatation, etc.) under that target, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify the procedure type.
371910005 (Atrioventricular sequential pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no code specific to dual-chamber or AV sequential pacing mode; HFC.DN.AF is the closest match as it covers permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation (the standard approach for AV sequential/dual-chamber systems), but is broader because it also encompasses single-chamber pacemakers and defibrillator systems without distinguishing pacing mode.
231361000 (Attention to catheter)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)"Attention to catheter" is a broad SNOMED concept covering care activities for any catheter type (vascular, urinary, etc.), while IZE.SN.AF specifically covers management of vascular devices; no body-system-agnostic "catheter care" code exists in ICHI, making this the best available match but the SNOMED concept is semantically broader than this site-specific ICHI code.
265548004 (Attention to central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)"Attention to central venous catheter" covers a range of care activities (flushing, dressing change, patency assessment, site inspection) directed at a specific device — a central venous catheter — whereas IZD.SN.AF "Maintaining intravenous access" captures the overarching maintenance function but does not restrict to central venous catheters, making the ICHI code broader in target scope. No more specific ICHI code exists for CVC-specific ongoing care.
1287773004 (Attention to device)maps to wider conceptSN (Management of internal device)"Attention to device" in SNOMED is a broad, body-system-agnostic concept covering checking, adjusting, or caring for any medical device; ICHI's SN (Management of internal device) is the closest representable concept, but as an action-axis code it is broader in that it does not narrow to a specific device or body system, and ICHI has no single assignable leaf code that captures device management generically across all device types.
236223001 (Attention to drainage of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC captures the ongoing maintenance and care of a bladder drainage device (e.g., indwelling catheter), which aligns with the SNOMED concept's meaning of attending to an existing bladder drainage system. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses management of any internal device in the urinary bladder, not exclusively drainage devices or catheter-specific care.
230941005 (Attention to intracranial pressure measuring device)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device placed in the ventricles of the brain, which aligns closely with "attention to" (i.e., ongoing care/maintenance of) an intracranial pressure measuring device typically sited intraventricularly. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it applies to any ventricular internal device (not exclusively ICP monitors), and does not restrict to pressure-measuring devices specifically.
171741002 (Attention to neurostimulator adjacent to spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies attention specifically to a neurostimulator (a particular device type) adjacent to the spinal cord. ICHI lacks a code specific to neurostimulator management at this site, making this the closest available code while encompassing a wider range of spinal canal device types.
225141004 (Attention to skin creases)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)"Attention to skin creases" is a specific nursing task of cleaning and maintaining skin fold areas on a patient, which ICHI maps to performing caring for body parts (SMC.RA.ZZ) — the closest available concept. The ICHI code is wider because it covers caring for any body part by or for a patient, not specifically skin crease/intertriginous area maintenance, and ICHI has no more granular code for this particular intervention.
1287775006 (Attention to stoma)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)"Management of stoma, NEC" covers the ongoing hands-on care of a stoma (the PTD block targets artificial body openings/stomas specifically, and the SN action axis denotes management/adjustment), which maps well to "attention to stoma," but the ICHI code is broader in scope — it encompasses any management of a stoma rather than the specific, discrete episode of attention implied by the SNOMED concept.
240919008 (Balloon cardiac valvotomy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI has no single assignable category for balloon dilatation of an unspecified cardiac valve; instead it provides valve-specific codes (HDE.LG.AF aortic, HDF.LG.AF mitral, HDG.LG.AF pulmonary, HDH.LG.AF tricuspid), each of which is narrower than the SNOMED concept. The block BlockL4-HDE is the only ICHI entity that encompasses balloon valvotomy across all cardiac valves, though it is broader as it covers all types of heart valve interventions, not just balloon dilatation.
445758008 (Balloon compression of trigeminal ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)Balloon compression of the trigeminal ganglion is a percutaneous procedure that mechanically destroys trigeminal nerve fibres at the Gasserian ganglion, matching the target (cranial nerve), action (destruction), and approach (percutaneous) of AAN.GA.AE. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any cranial nerve and any percutaneous destruction technique, not specifically the trigeminal ganglion or balloon method.
715277008 (Balloon dilation of bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into bile duct)KCM.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and fluoroscopic guidance implied by the SNOMED concept, as fluoroscopy is the standard guidance modality for percutaneous biliary dilation; however, the ICHI code is broader because it requires "insertion of device" (implying stent placement) whereas the SNOMED concept describes balloon dilation alone, and ICHI does not have a separate plain balloon dilatation code (action LG) for the bile duct target.
698643003 (Balloon dilation of coarctation of aorta)maps to wider conceptHIK.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch)This code correctly captures the target (aortic arch, where coarctation occurs), the action (transluminal dilatation), and the percutaneous approach used in balloon dilation, making it the closest available ICHI match. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the indication is coarctation nor that the instrument is a balloon catheter.
719919003 (Balloon dilation of colon using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBP.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of colon)KBP.LG.AD correctly captures the target (colon) and action (dilatation via endoscopic approach), but the ICHI code does not encode the specific balloon instrument or the fluoroscopic guidance that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
233152001 (Balloon dilation of conduit)maps to wider conceptHZZ.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of cardiac conduit)HZZ.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a cardiac conduit (the same procedure), but the ICHI action axis (LG = dilatation) does not restrict the means to balloon specifically, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names balloon as the instrument. The SNOMED concept also does not specify percutaneous/transluminal approach, though balloon dilation of a cardiac conduit is almost exclusively performed by that route, so the two are clinically near-equivalent but ICHI is nominally broader on technique.
386785005 (Balloon dilation of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD correctly captures the oesophagus target and dilatation action performed via an endoscopic approach, which matches the typical delivery route for balloon dilation of the esophagus. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all endoscopic dilatation techniques (including bougie/wire-guided methods), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the balloon instrument specifically.
386786006 (Balloon dilation of esophageal stricture)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD captures the endoscopic approach to oesophageal dilatation, which aligns with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the balloon technique as the means (no oesophageal balloon-specific code exists in ICHI), nor does it specify that the target is a stricture — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
718491001 (Balloon dilation of esophagus using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AC (Dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AC covers dilatation of the oesophagus via a percutaneous (non-endoscopic) approach, which aligns with the fluoroscopy-guided balloon technique described in the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the balloon instrument or fluoroscopic guidance modality. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it encompasses any non-endoscopic oesophageal dilatation method.
232835009 (Balloon dilation of implanted aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHDE.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of aortic valve)HDE.LG.AF captures the percutaneous balloon dilatation technique at the aortic valve position, which aligns with the procedure type, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between native and implanted (prosthetic) valves — the SNOMED concept specifically targets a previously implanted valve prosthesis. No ICHI code exists that narrows the target to a prosthetic aortic valve for dilatation.
232770003 (Balloon dilation of implanted mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHDF.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve)HDF.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the mitral valve in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not specifically restrict to an already-implanted (prosthetic) valve — making the ICHI code broader. The procedure, approach, and target anatomy are otherwise a precise match.
232869005 (Balloon dilation of implanted pulmonary valve)maps to wider conceptHDG.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve)HDG.LG.AF captures the exact technique (percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation) and target anatomy (pulmonary valve), but does not restrict to an implanted/prosthetic valve — it covers native valves as well. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically describes dilation of a previously implanted pulmonary valve prosthesis.
232810003 (Balloon dilation of implanted tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of tricuspid valve)HDH.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the tricuspid valve, which matches the procedure type and approach, but it does not distinguish between a native valve and an implanted prosthetic valve as the SNOMED concept does. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing both native and prosthetic tricuspid valve balloon dilatations.
232947002 (Balloon dilation of implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of truncal valve)HDI.LG.AF describes percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the truncal valve, which matches the procedure technique and anatomical target precisely. However, the ICHI code does not restrict the intervention to an implanted (prosthetic) valve — it covers the native truncal valve as well — making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets a previously implanted valve.
449403001 (Balloon dilation of recoarctation of aorta)maps to wider conceptHIK.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch)HIK.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the aortic arch, which matches the balloon (percutaneous) approach and the anatomical site (aortic arch/isthmus) of coarctation and recoarctation. However, ICHI does not distinguish recoarctation (recurrent narrowing after prior repair) from a primary stenosis, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies treatment of a recurrent lesion.
235338009 (Balloon dilation of stricture - large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of colon)KBP.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the colon, which matches the body site (large intestine/colon) and the endoscopic approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify balloon technique or that the indication is a stricture.
235294007 (Balloon dilation of stricture - small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the small intestine broadly, matching the endoscopic approach and target organ, but it does not specify the balloon technique or that the indication is a stricture, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code for balloon dilation of a small intestinal stricture exists in the classification.
449227002 (Balloon dilation of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt)maps to wider conceptHID.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of pulmonary arterial tree)HID.LG.AF matches the procedure's approach (percutaneous transluminal), instrument (balloon), and action (dilatation) applied to pulmonary arterial structures, but it covers dilatation of the native pulmonary arterial tree broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to dilation of a surgically created systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt (e.g., Blalock-Taussig shunt). No ICHI code exists for balloon dilatation specifically of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, making this the closest available but broader match.
176373005 (Balloon dilation of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AC (Transurethral dilatation of urethra)NAM.LG.AC captures the transurethral route and the dilatation action on the urethra, which aligns with the anatomical approach of balloon dilation of the urethra. However, ICHI has no specific code for the balloon instrument/technique (means axis AF is used for balloon in cardiovascular codes but no urethral balloon variant exists), so the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any transurethral dilatation method, not exclusively balloon-based.
176167003 (Balloon distension of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder)NAI.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder generally, which encompasses balloon distension (hydrodistension) as one technique, but the ICHI code does not encode the balloon-specific means that the SNOMED concept specifies. The ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing the procedural intent (dilatation) without the instrument/technique granularity of the SNOMED concept.
236924001 (Balloon tuboplasty)maps to wider conceptNMC.LG.AA (Dilatation of fallopian tube)Balloon tuboplasty is a specific transcervical balloon catheter dilation of the fallopian tube; NMC.LG.AA captures the correct target (fallopian tube) and action (dilatation) but does not encode the balloon instrument or transcervical route, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
238164007 (Body wall and cavity procedures)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PAA (Interventions on topographical regions: trunk, head and neck)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for procedures on body walls (abdominal, thoracic) and cavities (peritoneal, pleural), which in ICHI spans multiple sub-blocks (PAL abdominal wall, PAF chest wall, KMA peritoneal cavity) all nested under the topographical trunk block BlockL4-PAA. No single assignable ICHI category or narrower block captures the full combined scope of "body wall and cavity," making this parent block the best structural equivalent, though it is broader as it also includes head and neck topographical interventions.
447759004 (Brachytherapy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast by radiotherapy)LCA.GA.BA covers destruction of breast tissue by radiotherapy broadly, encompassing all radiotherapy modalities (external beam, brachytherapy, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to brachytherapy (internal/sealed-source radiation). ICHI has no dedicated code for breast brachytherapy specifically, making this the closest available code but broader in scope.
431778005 (Brachytherapy of prostate using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy)NGA.GA.BA covers destruction of prostate tissue by radiotherapy broadly, which encompasses brachytherapy (interstitial seed implantation), but the ICHI code does not specify the brachytherapy modality or the fluoroscopic guidance used, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for prostate brachytherapy exists in the classification.
440108009 (Bronchoscopy and insertion of intracavitary radioactive isotope using catheter)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)ICHI encodes the core therapeutic intent — endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of bronchial lesion or tissue — but uses a generic "endoscopic" means axis rather than specifying the radioactive isotope/brachytherapy modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to intracavitary radioactive isotope delivery via catheter. No dedicated endobronchial brachytherapy code exists in ICHI.
10814005 (Cannula declotting with balloon catheter)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.JE.AA captures the core action of extracting an obstruction from a blood vessel, which aligns with the declotting intent of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify that the target is a cannula (a vascular access device) nor that the technique involves a balloon catheter. No ICHI code exists for cannula-specific or balloon catheter-specific declotting, making this the closest available residual category.
2153008 (Cardiac catheterization education)maps to wider conceptHT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about the cardiac catheterization procedure; the ICHI code encompasses this but is not limited to catheterization-specific patient education. No more specific ICHI code exists for pre-procedural or catheterization-specific education.
28364006 (Cardiac catheterization, left heart, by left ventricular puncture)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF covers all left heart cardiac catheterisation regardless of access approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the direct left ventricular (transventricular) puncture technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader, not capturing the specific procedural means that distinguishes this concept from the standard retrograde arterial approach.
91115007 (Cardiac catheterization, left heart, combined transseptal and retrograde)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF captures the same core procedure — left heart cardiac catheterisation — but does not distinguish the specific combined transseptal and retrograde approach encoded in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for transseptal or retrograde left heart catheterisation exists in the classification.
4992004 (Cardiac catheterization, left heart, retrograde, percutaneous)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF precisely captures the left heart cardiac catheterisation target and action, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific approach qualifiers present in the SNOMED concept — namely the retrograde arterial route and the percutaneous access method — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
67338003 (Cardiac catheterization, left heart, transseptal)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF covers all left heart cardiac catheterisation regardless of access route, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the transseptal (interatrial septal puncture) approach. ICHI has no code that distinguishes transseptal from retrograde transaortic left heart catheterisation, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
44354003 (Cardiac catheterization, right heart and left ventricular puncture)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZZ.AB.AF covers the combined right and left heart catheterisation procedure, which aligns with the overall intent of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED concept specifies that left-sided access is achieved via direct ventricular puncture (a more specific technique) rather than the standard transarterial retrograde or transseptal approach implied by generic catheterisation. The ICHI code is therefore broader, not capturing the granular detail of direct LV puncture access.
72055001 (Cardiac catheterization, right heart and retrograde left)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZZ.AB.AF exactly captures the combined right and left heart catheterisation procedure described by the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not encode the specific retrograde approach to the left heart that the SNOMED concept specifies, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this combined procedure.
38563006 (Cardiac catheterization, right heart and transseptal left)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZZ.AB.AF covers combined right and left heart catheterisation, matching the dual-sided scope of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the transseptal septal puncture access route from other left-heart access techniques (e.g., retrograde aortic), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
702649007 (Cardiac catheterization using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZZ.AB.AF captures cardiac catheterisation via percutaneous transluminal approach on the heart without specifying laterality, which aligns with the non-laterality-specific SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance with contrast as a means within this code — that detail is captured only in separate angiocardiography codes (e.g., HZZ.BA.BB), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies fluoroscopic contrast guidance.
18286008 (Catheter ablation of tissue of heart)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AF captures the catheter-based (percutaneous transluminal) ablation approach and the cardiac target precisely, but the ICHI code narrows the target to the conducting system of the heart, whereas the SNOMED concept refers more generally to "tissue of heart." Catheter ablation of the heart overwhelmingly targets the conduction system in clinical practice, making HFC.GA.AF the closest available ICHI match.
266767009 (Catheter suction calculus removal)maps to wider conceptNAI.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bladder)NAI.JE.AA covers extraction of a calculus from the bladder but does not specify the catheter suction technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely names the catheter-based suction approach. No ICHI code captures the catheter-with-suction means for bladder stone removal, so this unspecified-approach code is the closest applicable match.
287619008 (Catheter suction clot removal)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies catheter suction (aspiration) as the technique for clot removal from a blood vessel without specifying a vessel type, while the ICHI code captures the endovascular/catheter approach and extraction of obstruction but is broader in that it applies to arteries only (not veins) and does not specify the suction/aspiration means. The ICHI code is the closest available match capturing both the endovascular catheter-based approach and the obstruction-extraction action.
234734002 (Cavity preparation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) is the closest available ICHI code, situated under "Interventions on teeth" within the digestive system hierarchy, and it encompasses the full restorative procedure including filling. Cavity preparation is specifically the preparatory step of removing decayed tissue and shaping the cavity prior to placing the restorative material, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to that preparatory phase.
236965001 (Cervical ripening with drug)maps to wider conceptNME.SH.AC (Medical induction of labour, per orifice)NME.SH.AC covers all medical (pharmacological) induction of labour delivered per orifice (intracervical/vaginal route), which encompasses cervical ripening with drugs such as prostaglandins or misoprostol, but is broader because it also includes other per-orifice pharmacological agents and does not restrict the goal to cervical ripening specifically. The SNOMED concept is a narrower subset — drug-mediated cervical ripening — within the wider ICHI category of medical labour induction by that route.
236962003 (Cervical ripening with Foley catheter)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)The ICHI code captures both the mechanical dilation of the cervical canal and the insertion of a device (the Foley catheter balloon), which closely reflects the procedure's two key components. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (Foley/balloon catheter) or the clinical intent (cervical ripening for labour induction), meaning it also covers other instruments used for cervical dilation.
398041008 (Cervical spine immobilization)maps to wider conceptMBA.LC.AH (Application of cervical external immobilisation device)MBA.LC.AH directly represents external immobilisation of the cervical spine via device application (e.g., cervical collar, halo brace), which is the primary clinical meaning of "Cervical spine immobilization." The ICHI code is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it focuses on the act of applying an external device, while the SNOMED term could encompass immobilization by other means (e.g., manual stabilization); however, for clinical documentation purposes this is the closest available ICHI match, sitting within the "Interventions on cervical vertebral column" block.
241020009 (Change of wound pack)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for wound packing change or replacement; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on changing (removing and re-applying) a wound pack. The removal/replacement aspect and the specificity of packing material are not captured in the ICHI code.
710956004 (Checking device safety)maps to wider conceptUA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated code for medical device safety checking; the closest match is "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified," which covers the act of evaluating a product or technology but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways — it encompasses all products and technologies (not just medical devices) and does not specify the safety-focused purpose of the check.
225200000 (Checking intravenous tubing for air bubbles)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)"Maintaining intravenous access" is the only ICHI code covering ongoing management of an IV line, and checking tubing for air bubbles is one specific safety-inspection task performed as part of that maintenance activity. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all aspects of IV access upkeep, not just the air-bubble inspection step.
1230152005 (Checking of alarm)maps to wider conceptUA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated code for checking or testing an alarm device; UA1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any product or technology, which subsumes alarm checking but applies equally to any product/technology assessment activity, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No narrower or more specific ICHI code exists for alarm verification or alarm testing.
225718003 (Checking position of endotracheal tube)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)ICHI has no dedicated code for verifying endotracheal tube position; JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function) is the closest match as checking ETT position is an assessment act within the respiratory system, but the ICHI code is broader — covering any respiratory function assessment rather than the specific clinical act of confirming mechanical tube placement in the trachea.
35446008 (Chemical cauterization of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.GA.AH captures the core clinical intent — external destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue — which aligns with chemical cauterization of a wound. However, it is broader because it covers all modalities of external skin destruction (not just chemical), does not specify that the target is a wound, and is the NEC residual category for any skin site not classified elsewhere.
310221001 (Chemical inactivation of non-adherent skin contaminant)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Chemical inactivation of a non-adherent skin contaminant involves applying a neutralising/inactivating chemical agent to the skin surface, which aligns with the ICHI concept of externally applying a substance to skin. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any external topical application to skin for any purpose and does not specify decontamination, inactivation of a contaminant, or the non-adherent nature of the target substance.
288176006 (Circulation maintenance)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)"Circulation maintenance" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing any intervention to sustain or restore circulatory function (CPR, vasopressors, cardiac assist, etc.), whereas HT2.MC.AH specifically denotes cardiopulmonary resuscitation — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept, i.e., the SNOMED concept is wider. No ICHI assignable code exists for general circulatory maintenance, so CPR under the "Interventions on functions of cardiovascular system" block is the closest available match.
314124008 (Cleaning of skin wound of head or neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision)ICHI's debridement without incision (LAA.JG.AH) covers the same anatomical site (skin of head or neck) and the same non-incisional cleansing action as the SNOMED concept, making it the closest available match. However, ICHI is slightly wider because "debridement" can encompass more than simple cleaning (e.g., mechanical removal of necrotic tissue), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to wound cleaning/washing.
60482008 (Clip and clean wound site)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SI.ZZ (Preparation of skin)"Preparation of skin" (LZZ.SI.ZZ) covers the general concept of preparing the skin surface, which encompasses both the clipping (hair removal) and cleaning components of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify the wound site context or the combined two-step nature (clipping plus cleansing). No more specific ICHI code exists for preoperative or wound-site skin preparation.
8367003 (Clipping nails of patient)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)SMC.RA.ZZ covers the performance of any body-part care task, of which nail clipping is one specific instance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for nail clipping specifically as a hygiene/nursing activity; the surgical nail codes (LBD/LBF blocks) address clinical procedures such as excision and debridement, not routine grooming.
443011008 (Closure of superficial wound dehiscence)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying body region, which aligns well with the concept of closing a dehisced superficial wound, but it is broader because it encompasses all forms of skin/subcutaneous repair (not just dehiscence closure specifically) and does not encode the clinical context of wound breakdown or secondary re-closure.
14600001000004107 (Closure of wound of ankle with flap)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.MK.AA covers repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue across the entire lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the ankle and specifies the use of a flap technique; the ICHI code would need a flap extension (e.g., & XG1UU3 Local flap) to approach equivalence, making it broader in both anatomical scope and technique specificity.
425680009 (Cognitive behavioral therapy by multidisciplinary team)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode specific psychotherapy modalities (CBT, DBT, etc.) or team composition, so the best available code captures only that psychotherapy is applied at the level of the whole person, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity regarding both the CBT technique and the multidisciplinary team delivery.
718026005 (Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI encodes the action (psychotherapy) applied to mental functions but has no means code distinguishing CBT from other psychotherapy modalities, and no condition-specific target for psychosis or schizophrenia, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. AS1.PQ.ZZ is the most appropriate available code as CBT for psychosis is a psychotherapy intervention targeting mental functions, with the specific modality and condition subsumed under the unspecified classifier.
699873000 (Collection of blood via arterial catheter)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)DIA.JH.AF captures both the blood collection action (JH) and the catheter means (AF), directly reflecting the "via arterial catheter" aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers collection of blood products in addition to blood, and does not distinguish arterial from venous catheter access.
40834003 (Complex surgical repair of wounds of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk via open approach, which aligns well with the anatomical site and surgical intent, but the ICHI code does not encode the "complex" nature (e.g., multilayer closure) or the wound aetiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
443581005 (Composite autograft with primary closure of donor site)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.ML.AA covers skin grafts broadly but does not capture the composite nature of the autograft (involving multiple tissue types such as skin and cartilage) nor the primary closure of the donor site, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for composite tissue autografts or donor site management as a combined procedure.
230848003 (Connection from brain lesion to subcutaneous reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)The SNOMED concept describes a specific neurosurgical procedure creating a catheter connection from a brain lesion to a subcutaneous reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir), which is fundamentally an open insertion of a device into the brain. ICHI's AAA.DL.AA captures the core surgical act and target but is broader, covering any device insertion into the brain rather than specifically the lesion-to-subcutaneous-reservoir configuration.
11429006 (Consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a specific "consultation" code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents a whole-person health management encounter of unspecified type, which is the broadest available container for the generic act of consultation. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any health management encounter, not solely a consultation event.
229837008 (Contouring of a nail)maps to wider conceptLBF.ML.AA (Onychoplasty of toenail)Onychoplasty (nail reshaping/reconstruction) is the closest ICHI concept to nail contouring, as both involve altering the shape or form of the nail; however, LBF.ML.AA is broader — it covers reconstructive nail procedures generally, is scoped to the toenail specifically, and does not capture the simple, non-invasive surface-smoothing nature of "contouring." No dedicated ICHI code for nail trimming, filing, or contouring exists in the classification.
439115008 (Contouring of forehead)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)Cranial osteoplasty (plastic remodelling/reshaping of the skull) is the closest ICHI concept to forehead contouring, as both involve surgical reshaping of cranial bone. However, the ICHI code covers the entire skull rather than being specific to the forehead/frontal bone, and encompasses both reconstructive and aesthetic indications, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
10002003 (Resection of stomach fundus)maps to wider conceptKBF.JJ.AA (Partial gastrectomy)Resection of the stomach fundus is a partial gastrectomy by definition, but ICHI does not further distinguish which sub-region of the stomach is removed (fundus, body, antrum, etc.), so KBF.JJ.AA captures the procedure type but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the fundus as the resected portion.
1001000 (Cauterization of Bartholin's gland)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically cauterization of the Bartholin gland — a sub-structure of the vulva. ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block nor a cauterization-specific means code, making this the closest assignable category but broader in both anatomical target and technique.
1001000087107 (Ultrasonography of calf of right lower leg)maps to wider conceptMRM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of muscle of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies ultrasound of the calf muscles of the right lower leg, while ICHI's only ultrasound-of-muscle code (MRM.BA.BJ) covers muscle at an unspecified site with no lower-leg-specific or laterality-specific equivalent available. The ICHI code is broader as it lacks both the body-site specificity (calf/lower leg) and the laterality (right) present in the SNOMED concept.
10019001 (Incision and drainage of infected bursa of wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.JB.AA (Drainage of wrist joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for bursa of the wrist; MFJ.JB.AA covers open drainage at the wrist joint, which is the closest anatomical and procedural match, but it is broader because it targets the joint generally rather than the bursa specifically and does not capture the infection context or the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the SNOMED concept.
1002223009 (Assessment of progress toward goals to achieve food security)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food broadly (under the environmental "Interventions on food" block), which encompasses food security evaluation, but is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specific dimension of monitoring progress toward care-plan goals. ICHI has no dedicated code for food security goal-progress assessment, making this the closest available match.
1002224003 (Assessment for food insecurity)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which broadly encompasses evaluating food availability, access, and security status. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because "Assessment of food" covers any food-related assessment (e.g., nutritional content, safety), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically narrowed to assessing food insecurity as a social determinant of health.
1002225002 (Assessment of barriers in food insecurity care plan)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which broadly encompasses the act of assessing food-related issues including food insecurity. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to evaluating barriers within an existing food insecurity care plan — a more focused clinical activity that ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity.
1003472007 (Referral to patient navigation service)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral to any health provider broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies referral to the particular service type of patient navigation (a care coordination/support role). The ICHI code is semantically wider as it encompasses all health provider referrals, not just those directed at patient navigation services.
1003619004 (External fixation of mandible with arch bars)maps to wider conceptMAG.LC.AH (External immobilisation of mandible)MAG.LC.AH captures the core procedure — external immobilisation of the mandible — which is precisely what arch bar fixation achieves, but the ICHI code does not specify the means (arch bars vs. other external appliances such as splints or external fixators), making it broader than the SNOMED concept that explicitly names arch bars as the technique.
1003700002 (Assessment using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for scoring-tool-based assessments, critical care severity scales, or organ failure scoring. "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) covers whole-person assessment interventions, which is the broadest applicable category, but it is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept's specific scope of applying the SOFA scoring instrument in a critical care context.
1004036000 (Removal of filament of anterior surface of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cornea without incision)Corneal filaments (mucus-epithelial strands in filamentary keratitis) are removed from the corneal surface without incision, which aligns with the non-incisional approach in BBB.JD.AH; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any foreign body or device removal from the cornea, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to filament removal from the anterior corneal surface.
1004045004 (Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE precisely captures the target (vitreous body) and action (injection via needle/percutaneous means), which fully aligns with the intravitreal route of administration. However, ICHI does not encode the specific pharmacological agent (anti-VEGF) at the category level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1004084009 (Intense pulsed light therapy of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)ICHI has no specific code for intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy; BAA.GA.AH covers destruction/ablation of eyelid tissue with unspecified means (AH), making it the closest structural match since IPL applies photothermal energy to the eyelid, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any destructive modality rather than IPL specifically and does not capture IPL's primary therapeutic use for meibomian gland dysfunction rather than lesion destruction.
1004085005 (Injection of filling material into eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.DB.AE (Injection into eyelid)BAA.DB.AE precisely matches the target (eyelid) and action (injection), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any injection into the eyelid regardless of substance, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies that the injected material is a filling/augmentation substance (e.g. dermal filler). No more specific ICHI code exists for filler injection into the eyelid.
1004086006 (Meibography)maps to wider conceptBTF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye)Meibography is a specific infrared imaging technique to visualize meibomian gland morphology within the eyelids, whereas BTF.AA.ZZ broadly covers any assessment of structures adjoining the eye (eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, etc.) without specifying the imaging modality or the meibomian gland target. ICHI lacks a dedicated eyelid/meibomian gland imaging code, so this is the closest non-residual code in the visual system hierarchy.
1004087002 (Neostigmine test)maps to wider conceptMU2.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)The neostigmine test is a pharmacological challenge specifically targeting neuromuscular junction function (used to diagnose myasthenia gravis), whereas MU2.AC.ZZ is a broad NEC category covering any test of muscle functions, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code exists for anticholinesterase diagnostic testing or neuromuscular junction provocation tests.
1004088007 (Ice pack test)maps to wider conceptBTF.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye)The ice pack test is a specific bedside provocation test of eyelid neuromuscular function (levator palpebrae) used to diagnose ocular myasthenia gravis, while BTF.AC.ZZ covers any functional test of structures adjoining the eye (including lacrimal, eyelid, and adnexal structures) without specifying the cooling stimulus or the myasthenic diagnostic purpose. No more specific ICHI code exists for this test.
1004109000 (Assessment of goals to achieve food security)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ is the only assessment code within the ICHI food interventions block (BlockL4-UAB) and covers assessment of food broadly, without distinguishing between assessing goals, progress toward goals, or food security status specifically. The ICHI code is therefore wider than this SNOMED concept, and consistent with the mapping already applied to the closely related concept 1002223009.
1004110005 (Coordination of resources to address food insecurity)maps to wider conceptUAB.TD.ZZ (Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to food)UAB.TD.ZZ covers collaborative and partnership-building interventions related to food broadly, which encompasses but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of coordinating resources targeted at food insecurity. The ICHI code does not capture the explicit focus on insecurity/deprivation or the resource-mobilisation framing, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.
1004116004 (Measurement of lactic acid in urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" covers all chemical/biochemical measurements performed on urine specimens, making it the correct specimen type and analytical domain, but it is a broad category that encompasses many analytes beyond lactic acid. No ICHI code exists specifically for urinary lactate or lactic acid measurement, so this broader extension code is the best available match.
1004143009 (Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid in urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is a broad catch-all category covering chemical analysis performed on urine specimens, which encompasses the specific quantitative measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (a tyrosine metabolite used in tyrosinemia screening) in urine. ICHI does not have codes at the level of individual analytes within urine chemistry, making this the best available but considerably broader match.
1004169003 (Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is an ICHI extension code covering chemical analysis of urine specimens broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is a highly specific measurement of a single tyrosine metabolite (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in urine. ICHI has no code for individual organic acid or phenolic acid analytes in urine, making this broader category the closest available match.
1004170002 (Measurement of neutral amino acid in urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)"Urine chemistry" is a broad extension code covering chemical analysis of urine specimens, of which neutral amino acid measurement is one specific type. The ICHI code does not distinguish between different analytes or classes of compounds measured in urine, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
1004172005 (Measurement of 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid in urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)"Urine chemistry" is the broadest applicable ICHI category covering chemical analysis performed on urine specimens, under which measurement of a specific organic acid metabolite (3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid) would fall; however, ICHI does not have any code for organic acid profiling or individual metabolite quantification in urine, making this a broader grouping than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
1010191006 (Bisection of left ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary)Bisection of the ovary is a specific cutting procedure that divides the ovary into two halves, which falls within the ICHI action of incision (FA axis); however, NMA.FA.AA covers any incision of the ovary and does not specify the bisection technique or left laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010192004 (Bisection of right ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary)NMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary) is the nearest ICHI code, as bisection is a specific form of incision/division of the ovary, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any incision of the ovary without specifying bisection, and it does not capture the right-side laterality specified in the SNOMED concept (which would need an ICHI extension code).
1010222004 (Occlusion of left fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA is a direct semantic match for the procedure — occlusion of fallopian tube — but ICHI does not distinguish laterality, so the code covers both tubes (bilateral or unspecified), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the left fallopian tube only. Laterality can be appended as an ICHI extension code if required.
1010223009 (Occlusion of right fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA precisely captures the procedure (occlusion of fallopian tube) and its action axis LA (occlusion) on the correct target NMC (fallopian tube), but it does not distinguish laterality — it refers to fallopian tubes in general rather than specifically the right tube. The SNOMED concept's right-sided specificity can be appended as an ICHI extension code for laterality, but the base code itself is broader.
432021006 (Administration of substance via intracavernous route)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGM (Interventions on penis)ICHI has no specific code for intracavernous injection (injection of a substance into the corpus cavernosum of the penis); the penis block (NGM) contains no DB-action (injection) category code, so the organisational block "Interventions on penis" is the closest valid assignment. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the anatomical target (corpus cavernosum) and the route of administration (intracavernous injection).
10053002 (Irrigation of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRS.JA.AA (Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at an unspecified site within the musculoskeletal system, which encompasses the tendon sheath but is broader and does not specifically target the tendon sheath. No ICHI code exists specifically for tendon sheath irrigation.
10071009 (Anti-streptokinase assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)An anti-streptokinase assay is a specific serological test measuring antibody levels against streptokinase; DTB.AC.ZZ covers all tests of immunological system function broadly and is therefore considerably wider. No more specific ICHI code exists for streptokinase antibody testing.
10072002 (Fluorescent antibody measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)ICHI has no code specific to fluorescent antibody (immunofluorescence) techniques; DTB.AB.ZZ broadly covers measurement of immunological system functions, encompassing fluorescent antibody measurement as one method but without capturing the fluorescence-based technique.
10075000 (Photochemotherapy with tar and ultraviolet B)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.SC.AH covers phototherapy to skin/subcutaneous tissue broadly, capturing the UVB component of the Goeckerman regimen, but does not specify concurrent use of tar (a topical chemical sensitiser), making it broader than the SNOMED concept of combined photochemotherapy with tar and UVB.
1008006 (Operation on nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ACA (Interventions on peripheral nervous system)ICHI has no dedicated category code for nerve ganglion operations; nerve ganglia (peripheral, autonomic, dorsal root, cranial) fall structurally within the peripheral nervous system block, making BlockL4-ACA the most appropriate umbrella, broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all peripheral nerve interventions beyond ganglia.
10088002 (Revision of jejunoileal bypass)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for jejunoileal bypass revision; "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified" (action MK = repair/reconstruction) best captures the corrective/revisional surgical intent but is broader as it covers any repair of the small intestine rather than specifically revising a prior jejunoileal bypass anastomosis.
101000087107 (Fluoroscopic retrograde pyelography of right renal pelvis with contrast)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB covers imaging of the renal pelvis with contrast medium, aligning with the core procedure, but is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic modality, retrograde approach, or laterality (right side) — all captured in the SNOMED concept. Laterality could be appended as an ICHI extension code.
409063005 (Counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ captures generic counselling applied to the whole person without body-system specificity, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to the broad SNOMED "Counseling" concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because its "not elsewhere classified" framing groups residual counselling interventions that do not fit more specific body-system targets, whereas the SNOMED concept is intended as a true top-level category for all counselling.
230961004 (Cranial nerve neurostimulator electrode procedures)maps to wider conceptAAN.DL.AA (Insertion of cranial nerve device)The SNOMED concept is a grouper covering multiple electrode procedures (insertion, removal, replacement) for cranial nerve neurostimulators, while AAN.DL.AA covers only open insertion of a cranial nerve device. AAN.DL.AA is the most representative single ICHI code for this group as electrode insertion is the primary procedure, but ICHI has no single code capturing the full neurostimulator electrode procedure group, making the SNOMED concept wider than any single ICHI category here.
79093007 (Craniotomy with treatment of penetrating wound of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JG.AA (Debridement of brain)The SNOMED concept specifies a craniotomy performed specifically to treat a penetrating brain wound (implying debridement of devitalised tissue, foreign matter, and contamination), while the ICHI code covers debridement of brain tissue broadly without specifying the craniotomy approach or the penetrating wound aetiology. No ICHI code combines craniotomy with brain wound treatment as a single concept, making this the closest available match.
234740009 (Crown preparation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the preparatory step of shaping a tooth to receive a dental crown. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses the full restoration (including crown fitting and other restorative types), while crown preparation is only one component of that process.
718533003 (CT guided insertion of fiducial marker into kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.DB.AE (Injection into kidney)ICHI has no dedicated code for fiducial marker insertion into the kidney; NAA.DB.AE (Injection into kidney) is the closest available code as it covers percutaneous delivery of material into the kidney parenchyma, but it is broader — it does not capture the CT guidance, the nature of the material (a fiducial/radiation therapy marker), or the placement intent specific to the SNOMED concept.
1356870009 (CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into abdomen)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach and implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal/abdominal cavity, which aligns with inserting a fiducial marker into the abdomen; however, ICHI is broader because it does not specify the device type (fiducial marker) nor the CT guidance (which can be appended as extension code XG2209).
1356868000 (CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)MRB.DN.AE captures the three defining procedural features — percutaneous approach, implantation of a device, and bone as the target — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify CT guidance, the device type (fiducial marker), or the clinical purpose (radiotherapy targeting). No ICHI-specific code for fiducial marker implantation into bone exists, making this the best available approximation.
1356869008 (CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into pelvis)maps to wider conceptMKB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into pelvis)MKB.DN.AA captures the core intervention (implantation of a device into the pelvis) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies CT guidance, a percutaneous approach, and a fiducial marker as the device type — none of which are encoded in the ICHI title or means axis (AA = open, whereas the SNOMED concept is percutaneous). No percutaneous (AE) variant exists for this pelvic target in ICHI.
302393006 (Curettage of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)Curettage of a wound is a specific sharp-instrument technique for removing devitalized tissue (a subset of debridement without incision), but ICHI codes debridement at the tissue/body-region level without distinguishing curettage as a distinct method; the "not elsewhere classified" residual code is used because no body-region-specific code applies to a generic wound. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all non-incisional debridement methods of skin/subcutaneous tissue, not just curettage.
697972001 (Cutting of hair)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)"Cutting of hair" is a specific act of caring for a body part (the hair/scalp), which falls within the ICHI concept of performing the task of caring for body parts under the self-care activity domain. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses caring for any body part through any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about cutting hair.
229832002 (Cutting toenails)maps to wider conceptLBF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of nail of toe)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for routine nail cutting or trimming as a self-care/nursing hygiene activity; LBF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of nail of toe) is the closest available code covering the act of removing part of a toenail, but it is framed as a clinical/surgical intervention and is broader in scope, encompassing therapeutic nail procedures beyond simple routine cutting.
236197000 (Cystoscopy and bulb catheter ureteropyelography)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB represents contrast imaging of the renal pelvis and pyeloureteral junction (the primary diagnostic purpose of the SNOMED procedure), but ICHI does not capture the specific retrograde/transurethral approach via cystoscopy and bulb catheter, making the ICHI code broader. The SNOMED concept is more specific in encoding both the access method (cystoscopy with bulb catheter) and the imaging target (ureter and renal pelvis combined).
19697009 (Debridement and suture)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a combined debridement-plus-suture code; LZZ.MK.AA captures the repair/suture closure component of the procedure but omits the debridement step entirely, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the specific combined SNOMED concept. The "not elsewhere classified" residual code is appropriate given that no body region is specified in the SNOMED concept.
41502005 (Debridement of forehead lacerations)maps to wider conceptLAA.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision)The ICHI code covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue across the entire head or neck region, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to the forehead specifically; additionally, ICHI does not capture the laceration context. The "without incision" variant is the better fit because debridement of an existing laceration does not require creating a new incision.
27930000 (Debridement of open fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)MRB.JG.AA covers debridement of bone at any unspecified site, which captures the bone debridement action performed in an open fracture procedure, but is broader because ICHI does not encode the "open fracture" wound context (compound injury with skin breach) that is semantically central to the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code for fracture wound debridement or open-fracture-specific debridement exists.
1287919004 (Debridement of pacemaker pocket)maps to wider conceptLAB.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The pacemaker pocket is a subcutaneous space in the trunk, so debridement of it falls anatomically within debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the trunk. ICHI has no concept specific to the pacemaker pocket, making LAB.JG.AA wider — it covers any trunk subcutaneous debridement, not exclusively the device pocket site.
85875009 (Debridement of wound of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JG.AA covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision across any body site (NEC), which directly matches the procedural concept of surgical wound debridement of skin; however, the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses the subcutaneous tissue (not just skin) and does not restrict the context to a wound, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
446247009 (Debridement of wound of upper limb)maps to wider conceptLAE.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)The ICHI code covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb broadly (not limited to wounds), making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to wound debridement. The ICHI code also specifies an open/incision approach (means AA), adding a dimension not present in the SNOMED concept, but LAE.JG.AA remains the closest available category given no wound-specific upper limb debridement code exists in ICHI.
225149002 (Debridement of wound with topical agent)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JG.AH captures the core procedure (debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue, without incision) which aligns with topical/non-surgical wound debridement, but ICHI does not encode the specific means of "topical agent" (chemical, enzymatic, or autolytic), nor does it specify wound location, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
171799001 (Denervation of joint)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI does not have a joint-specific denervation code; "Destruction of peripheral nerve" (ACA.GA.AA) captures the core intervention — ablating the nerve supply — but is broader because it applies to any peripheral nerve, not specifically the articular branches supplying a joint. The joint-specific anatomical context of the SNOMED concept is lost in the ICHI code.
426444008 (Denervation of trigeminal nerve (V))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)AAN.GA.AA captures the destructive action on a cranial nerve (the correct body-part axis and action), but it applies to any cranial nerve, not specifically the trigeminal (CN V); the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than this ICHI code. The trigeminal specificity would need to be conveyed via an ICHI extension code (& XA72G0).
108241001 (Dialysis procedure)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)The SNOMED concept "Dialysis procedure" is a broad grouping that encompasses all dialysis modalities (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, etc.), whereas NAA.JC.AF represents specifically renal/extracorporeal dialysis — making the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code. No single ICHI assignable category covers the full scope of the SNOMED grouping concept.
303581009 (Diaphragm pacemaker procedure)maps to wider conceptMCX.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device of diaphragm)MCX.DL.AA captures the core surgical act of implanting a device into the diaphragm, which aligns with the primary component of a diaphragm pacemaker procedure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device insertion into the diaphragm and does not specify electrical stimulation or pacing function, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically implies a neurostimulation/pacing system (electrode and generator) for respiratory support.
397403008 (Diaphragm pacing)maps to wider conceptABN.SC.BP (Stimulation of spinal nerve)Diaphragm pacing works by electrically stimulating the phrenic nerve, which originates from cervical spinal roots (C3-C5), making ABN.SC.BP (Stimulation of spinal nerve) the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers stimulation of any spinal nerve for any purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the therapeutic use of phrenic/diaphragmatic stimulation to drive respiratory function.
427331009 (Digital assisted intubation)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC covers all methods of endotracheal tube insertion, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the finger-guided (digital/tactile) technique; ICHI has no means axis code to distinguish this approach, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1269109006 (Digital breast tomosynthesis guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast, which correctly captures the target (breast), action (device insertion), and approach (percutaneous) of this procedure. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specific imaging guidance modality (digital breast tomosynthesis) or the specific device type (radiofrequency identifier tag).
281572005 (Direct current cardiac shock)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers all methods of arrhythmia conversion (pharmacological and electrical), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the direct current (electrical shock) modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for DC cardioversion or defibrillation alone within the conducting system of heart block.
13142009 (Direct laryngoscopy with insertion of obturator)maps to wider conceptJAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)JAN.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the larynx via an endoscopic approach, which aligns with the core procedure (obturator insertion under direct laryngoscopy), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the device type (obturator) or the particular laryngoscopic technique (direct). No ICHI code exists that more precisely encodes both the direct laryngoscopy approach and obturator insertion simultaneously.
223482009 (Discussion)maps to wider conceptSGD.PP.ZZ (Counselling about having a discussion)The SNOMED concept "Discussion" describes a generic communicative health act, while the closest ICHI assignable code SGD.PP.ZZ frames it specifically as counselling about having a discussion, making ICHI broader in the sense that it applies a counselling action qualifier the SNOMED concept does not imply. The SGD target axis in ICHI directly corresponds to "discussion" as the subject, but no plain "performing a discussion" action code exists, making this the best available approximation.
765172009 (Doppler ultrasound)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept "Doppler ultrasound" is a generic imaging modality applicable across any body region (vascular, cardiac, obstetric, etc.), whereas IZE.BA.BJ is restricted to ultrasound of unspecified blood vessels — making the ICHI code narrower in scope. No generic, site-independent Doppler ultrasound code exists in ICHI; IZE.BA.BJ is the broadest available NEC vessel ultrasound category and represents the primary clinical use case for Doppler ultrasound, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any single ICHI code can capture.
1290829006 (Drainage of brain ventricle through previously implanted catheter)maps to wider conceptAAE.JB.AA (Drainage of ventricles of brain)AAE.JB.AA captures the core procedure (drainage of brain ventricles) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the drainage is performed through a previously implanted catheter, omitting the device-dependent route that is clinically significant in the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists that combines ventricular drainage with an already-implanted catheter approach.
361189002 (Drainage of cerebrum by aspiration through previously implanted catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.JB.AA (Drainage of brain)AAA.JB.AA covers drainage of the brain generally (action JB = drainage/aspiration, target AAA = brain, means AA = open/unspecified approach), which encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not capture the specific detail that the drainage is performed by aspiration through a previously implanted catheter (e.g., an Ommaya reservoir or similar device). ICHI has no code that encodes the implanted-catheter approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
448142004 (Drainage of cyst of pancreas using catheter)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pancreas)KCO.JB.AE captures the percutaneous (catheter-based) drainage approach on the pancreas, aligning well with the SNOMED concept's technique and target organ. However, the ICHI code targets the pancreas broadly rather than specifically a cyst within it, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept.
312728003 (Drainage of intersphincteric rectal sinus)maps to wider conceptKBX.JB.AA (Drainage of anus)KBX.JB.AA covers drainage of the anus broadly, which encompasses the intersphincteric space anatomically part of the anal canal region, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies a sinus tract specifically in the intersphincteric plane. No ICHI code exists for intersphincteric or anorectal sinus drainage specifically.
836450003 (Drainage of seroma of breast using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)The ICHI code covers percutaneous drainage of the breast generally, without specifying the type of fluid collection (seroma) or the instrument used (seroma catheter), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The percutaneous approach axis (AE) correctly captures the catheter-based, non-incisional nature of the procedure.
1290738000 (Drainage of skin tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the same core procedure (open drainage of skin) without specifying a body region, matching the unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept, but its scope extends to subcutaneous cell tissue beyond the SNOMED "skin tissue" alone, making it marginally broader. All more specific ICHI drainage codes require a body-region qualifier (head/neck, trunk, limb) that the SNOMED concept does not imply.
182531007 (Dressing of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous tissue broadly — not restricted to wounds — making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies dressing applied specifically to a wound. No more specific wound-targeted dressing code exists in the ICHI integumentary system hierarchy.
271462004 (Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: blood flow)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)ITB.AB.AH covers functional measurement of blood vessel physiology without presupposing an imaging modality, aligning with the non-imaging, probe-based isotope technique used to quantify blood flow in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide/isotope method, the dynamic time-series nature, or restrict the measurement to flow specifically.
271461006 (Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.BA.BE (Spleen scan or function study)DJA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scan and function studies of the spleen broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the dynamic non-imaging (functional kinetic) variant, making the ICHI code wider. No more specific ICHI code exists for non-imaging isotope studies of the spleen.
271458005 (Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: thorax)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) covers radioisotope-based lung studies using the ".BE" means axis (consistent with other radioisotope scan codes across ICHI), which encompasses the nuclear medicine technique used in this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not distinguish between imaging scintigraphy and dynamic non-imaging isotope acquisition (kinetic/counts-based), so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
226008009 (Ear care)maps to wider conceptCZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the ear or mastoid, unspecified)"Ear care" is a broad, non-procedure-specific SNOMED concept covering any maintenance or care activity related to the ear, while CZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the designated residual assignable code for unspecified interventions on the ear or mastoid — making it broader than any specific ear procedure (such as irrigation or wax removal) but still correctly scoped to the ear. No ICHI category exists that directly represents "ear care" as a general concept, so the unspecified residual is the best available assignable code, though it nominally covers the mastoid as well, making it slightly wider in anatomical scope.
409073007 (Education)maps to wider conceptVFS.PM.ZZ (Education about improving health literacy)The SNOMED concept "Education" is a high-level, non-specific procedure representing any educational intervention in a health context, whereas ICHI's VFS.PM.ZZ scopes education specifically to improving health literacy — making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single assignable ICHI category covers generic health education across all targets; VFS.PM.ZZ is the best available approximation as health education and health literacy are its closest expression in ICHI's health-related behaviour section.
1255510004 (Education about personal emergency response system)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about any products and technology for personal use in daily living, which encompasses personal emergency response systems (wearable alarm devices used at home for safety and independence), but is broader as it is not specific to emergency response or alarm devices. No more specific ICHI code exists for education about personal emergency alarm systems specifically.
68645009 (Embolectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the aortoiliac embolectomy via abdominal incision described in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not specifically the aortoiliac segment) and includes endarterectomy broadly rather than catheter embolectomy specifically. ICHI lacks a dedicated embolectomy action code and does not model the catheter technique at this level of granularity.
19714008 (Embolectomy with catheter of axillary artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstructive material from any upper limb artery, which encompasses catheter-based embolectomy of the axillary artery via arm incision, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not distinguish the specific vessel (axillary artery) or the catheter technique (Fogarty balloon) specified in the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for embolectomy of the axillary artery exists in the classification.
55377001 (Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptIDA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of thorax)The innominate artery (brachiocephalic trunk) is a thoracic artery branching from the aortic arch, making IDA.JE.AA (open extraction of obstruction/endarterectomy of thoracic artery) the closest available ICHI code; however, IDA.JE.AA is broader because it covers any thoracic artery rather than the innominate specifically, does not distinguish catheter-based embolectomy from surgical endarterectomy, and does not encode the arm-incision approach detail.
85162006 (Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by thoracic incision)maps to wider conceptIDA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of thorax)IDA.JE.AA covers extraction of obstruction (JE action, which encompasses embolectomy) from any artery of the thorax via open approach (.AA), which matches the innominate artery accessed by thoracic incision; however, it is broader because it includes all thoracic arteries (not just the innominate/brachiocephalic trunk) and encompasses endarterectomy in general rather than specifically catheter-based embolectomy. No dedicated ICHI code exists for embolectomy of the innominate artery specifically.
41995008 (Embolectomy with catheter of mesenteric artery by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA captures an open (AA = open approach) extraction-of-obstruction procedure on an abdominal or pelvic artery, which aligns with the open abdominal incision and catheter embolectomy of the mesenteric artery in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because its target encompasses all abdominal or pelvic arteries (not specifically the mesenteric artery), and "endarterectomy" is used in ICHI as the umbrella action for arterial obstruction extraction including embolectomy.
82486007 (Embolectomy with catheter of popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers surgical removal of obstructive material (thrombus/embolus) from any lower limb artery via open approach, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's catheter-assisted embolectomy of the popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision. The ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to the popliteal-tibio-peroneal vessels or the catheter (Fogarty) technique.
926001 (Embolectomy with catheter of radial artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstruction (the JE action axis is used for both endarterectomy and thromboembolectomy) from any artery of the upper limb via open approach (AA means), which matches the open catheter embolectomy technique and vessel region, but is broader because it encompasses the entire upper limb artery group rather than the radial artery specifically, and the title uses "endarterectomy" as the umbrella term for procedures also including embolectomy.
3078002 (Embolectomy with catheter of renal artery by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AF covers extraction of obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal artery specifically via open abdominal incision with a catheter; no ICHI code exists for open catheter embolectomy of the renal artery specifically, and the means axis (AF = endovascular) diverges from the open surgical approach, further confirming the ICHI code is a wider but best-available match.
405395009 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of abdominal visceral artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component and the correct vessel territory (abdominal artery), but it is broader on two dimensions: the ICHI target covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than specifically visceral arteries, and ICHI has no single code that combines endarterectomy with angioplasty as this SNOMED concept does. No more precise single ICHI code exists for this combined procedure on visceral arteries.
405396005 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the abdominal or pelvic artery — a broader anatomical target that includes the iliac artery — but does not capture the angioplasty component of the combined SNOMED procedure, and has no iliac-specific code available. The ICHI code is thus broader on anatomy and narrower on procedure scope, making "wider" the best overall equivalence given that the primary named technique (endarterectomy) is matched and the iliac artery is a subset of the abdominal/pelvic artery group.
392031002 (Endarterectomy)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept "Endarterectomy" is a generic procedure with no specified artery site, while IZA.JE.AA is the NEC residual endarterectomy code covering any artery not captured by the site-specific codes — making it the closest match, but it still implies open approach (AA) and restricts to arteries, which is broader than the SNOMED concept when used as a catchall for unspecified endarterectomy across all vessels.
405398006 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta with vein)maps to wider conceptHIH.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta)ICHI captures only the endarterectomy component on the abdominal aorta and does not encode the combined vein patch angioplasty element or allow for thoracic aortic location, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which combines endarterectomy with autologous vein patch reconstruction of the aorta.
405392007 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers the primary endarterectomy component and the correct anatomical region (lower limb artery), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two respects: it does not capture the angioplasty (dilatation) component that is also performed, and it encompasses the entire lower limb arterial tree rather than specifically the common femoral artery.
405394008 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery via an open approach, but does not capture the prosthetic patch angioplasty component or the specificity to the common femoral artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists that encodes the combined endarterectomy-plus-prosthetic-patch reconstruction in a single assignable category.
405393002 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA correctly captures the dominant action (endarterectomy, action axis JE) on an artery of the lower limb, which is the anatomical location of the common femoral artery. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any lower limb artery (not specifically the common femoral artery) and does not encode the vein patch angioplasty component that is integral to this specific SNOMED procedure.
405411002 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of external carotid artery)maps to wider conceptIBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, which anatomically includes the external carotid artery, making it the closest ICHI match for the primary procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the angioplasty component and does not distinguish the external carotid from the extracranial carotid territory as a whole.
405455008 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of Iliac artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the abdominal or pelvic artery (the iliac artery is a pelvic artery within this grouping), but it does not capture the combined angioplasty with prosthetic patch component that is specified in the SNOMED concept. ICHI is coarser at this level — the specific iliac artery target and the prosthetic reconstruction are both abstracted away, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405406004 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of iliac artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA captures the primary procedure (endarterectomy) on the correct anatomical target (the iliac artery falls within the abdominal/pelvic artery group), but ICHI does not encode the combined angioplasty with vein patch component, nor the specificity of the iliac artery versus other abdominal/pelvic arteries, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405408003 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.JE.AA captures the primary procedure (endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, open approach) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the accompanying patch angioplasty or the use of a prosthetic material, which are clinically significant specifics of the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no single code combining endarterectomy with prosthetic patch closure at this anatomical site.
405400005 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)The subclavian artery falls within ICHI's "artery of upper limb" target axis, making ICA.JE.AA the best available endarterectomy match; however, the SNOMED concept also specifies a combined angioplasty component that has no counterpart in this single ICHI code, and the ICHI code covers any upper limb artery rather than the subclavian specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
405454007 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of upper limb artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers the endarterectomy component on the upper limb artery, matching the SNOMED target precisely, but no single ICHI code captures the combined endarterectomy and angioplasty actions together. The ICHI code is broader in the sense that it does not encode the additional angioplasty (dilation/repair) component that is integral to the SNOMED concept.
1363019006 (Endobronchial tamponade)maps to wider conceptJBB.LA.AD (Endoscopic haemostasis of bronchus)JBB.LA.AD captures the core clinical purpose of endobronchial tamponade — endoscopic haemostasis of the bronchus — but is broader because it does not specify the tamponade/balloon-occlusion mechanism used to achieve that haemostasis. No ICHI code exists for bronchial tamponade or balloon occlusion of the bronchus specifically.
847071000000103 (Endoscopic balloon dilation of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus via any technique, while the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it specifies balloon (catheter) dilation as the particular instrument/means used. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for balloon-specifically performed bronchial dilatation, making this ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
838446004 (Endoscopic balloon dilation of duodenal papilla)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct)KCM.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the ampulla of Vater (synonymous with the duodenal papilla / papilla of Vater), which is the precise anatomical target of EPBD, and uses the endoscopic approach. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any endoscopic dilatation technique of either the ampulla or the biliary duct, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to balloon dilation of the duodenal papilla alone.
427173009 (Endoscopic endoluminal balloon rupture of stenosis of pelviureteric junction of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAE.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ureter)NAE.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the ureter generally and is the closest ICHI code in both approach (endoscopic) and action (dilatation/LG), but its anatomical target is the ureter broadly rather than specifically the pyeloureteral junction; ICHI has no dedicated code for endoscopic balloon dilation of the pelviureteric junction, making this code broader than the precise SNOMED concept.
768976007 (Endoscopic insertion of pH monitoring capsule into esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.AI.AC (Oesophageal pH monitoring)KBA.AI.AC directly names oesophageal pH monitoring — the clinical purpose and outcome of the SNOMED procedure — sitting within the Interventions on oesophagus block under the digestive system. It is wider because it does not specify the endoscopic capsule-based delivery method (Bravo-style wireless capsule insertion), encompassing all modalities of oesophageal pH monitoring rather than only the capsule placement approach.
788639001 (Endoscopic ultrasonography guided insertion of fiducial marker into pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.DN.AD (Endoscopic implantation of internal device of pancreas or pancreatic duct)KCO.DN.AD captures the endoscopic approach and implantation of an internal device into the pancreas, matching the core procedure. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify ultrasonography guidance (EUS) or the particular device type (fiducial marker for radiotherapy targeting).
704118000 (Epidural catheter care)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal (target: spinal canal, action: management of internal device, means: percutaneous), which encompasses epidural catheter care but is broader because it includes all spinal canal devices (e.g. intrathecal pumps, spinal cord stimulators) and does not distinguish the epidural space specifically from the wider spinal canal.
231017003 (Epidural insertion neurostimulator electrode)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous (epidural needle-based) insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which aligns well with the procedure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device being inserted is a neurostimulator electrode — the device type specificity is only captured via an ICHI extension code (the "Spinal cord neurostimulator electrode" extension), not in the base code itself.
773335005 (Epiretinal brachytherapy with vitrectomy)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of retina by radiotherapy)Brachytherapy (epiretinal/intraocular radiation delivery) is a specific form of radiotherapy used to destroy retinal lesions, making BCC.GA.BA a good match for the primary therapeutic intent of this procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the brachytherapy-specific technique (vs. external beam) nor the combined vitrectomy component that is integral to the SNOMED concept.
442797006 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with insertion of guide wire and dilation of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD captures the core clinical action — endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus — which is the primary purpose of this procedure, but it does not specify the EGD approach (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy) or the guide wire technique used to facilitate the dilatation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
53178003 (Esophagoscopy for insertion of wire to guide dilation)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD represents the full endoscopic dilation of the oesophagus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes only the preparatory step of inserting a guide wire to guide that dilation — ICHI has no distinct code for wire insertion as a precursor technique, so this is the best available match but it is broader than the SNOMED concept. The guide wire insertion is a means/technique detail that ICHI subsumes within the dilation procedure itself.
386053000 (Evaluation procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Evaluation procedure" is a top-level SNOMED grouper that encompasses all types of clinical evaluation and assessment across every body system and domain, making it far broader than PZB.AA.ZZ, which covers general health assessment of the whole person only. The ICHI code is the closest single code available but covers a narrower scope than the SNOMED concept.
448203007 (Excision of pilonidal sinus and suturing of surgical wound)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.JI.AA covers the core procedure (local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue in the trunk region, which includes the sacrococcygeal site of a pilonidal sinus) but is broader because it does not specify the pilonidal sinus as the lesion and does not capture the primary wound closure (suturing) that is explicitly part of the SNOMED concept.
1268996004 (Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using infrared reflector)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)LCA.JI.AA correctly captures the surgical local excision of a breast lesion (open approach), which is the core procedure performed. However, ICHI does not encode the specific guidance modality (infrared reflector/SAVI SCOUT), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that particular localisation technique.
1179705005 (Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using magnetic seed marker)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)An excisional biopsy of a breast lesion is operationally equivalent to local excision of a lesion of breast (LCA.JI.AA), as the entire lesion is surgically removed and submitted for histopathology. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific guidance technique — the magnetic seed (Magseed) marker localisation — that defines this particular SNOMED concept.
1179707002 (Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using radioactive seed marker)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)LCA.JI.AA accurately captures the core procedure — surgical local excision of a breast lesion — but does not encode the radioactive seed localization (RSL/I-125) guidance technique that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
438597000 (Exploration of penetrating wound of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)"Exploratory laparotomy" (PAK.AE.AA) is the standard ICHI code for open surgical exploration of the abdomen, which is the procedure performed when exploring a penetrating abdominal wound; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not carry the specific context of a penetrating traumatic wound — it covers any exploratory laparotomy regardless of indication.
439583002 (Exploration of penetrating wound of back)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA captures the core action (open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue) but is broader in two respects: it is not restricted to the back/trunk (the LAB block has no dedicated exploration code), and it does not encode the penetrating wound context that is semantically central to the SNOMED concept.
439584008 (Exploration of penetrating wound of chest)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AA (Exploratory thoracotomy)JCH.AE.AA captures the core procedure — open exploration of the thoracic cavity — which aligns well with exploring a penetrating chest wound. However, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any exploratory thoracotomy regardless of the underlying indication (e.g., trauma, tumour), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically tied to a penetrating wound as the indication.
439595002 (Exploration of penetrating wound of extremity)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA is the only ICHI exploration code for skin and subcutaneous tissue, but it is a non-elsewhere-classified residual code for open exploration of integumentary tissue without specifying the extremity as the target site; ICHI lacks a dedicated "exploration of wound of extremity" code, so this broader residual category is the best available match.
440992003 (Exploration of penetrating wound of flank)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA captures the open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site, which aligns with the exploratory nature of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify the flank as the target site nor the penetrating wound context that characterises the SNOMED procedure.
438777008 (Exploration of penetrating wound of neck)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA captures the open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify the neck as the site, and it does not encode the penetrating wound context that motivates the procedure. It is the closest available ICHI code, as no neck-specific exploration code exists in ICHI.
302438004 (Exploration of wound of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA captures the same essential procedure — open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue — and sits within the integumentary system NEC block, making it the closest available ICHI code. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict the indication to a wound (it covers any open exploration of skin/subcutaneous tissue, regardless of cause).
363123009 (Exteriorization by anatomic site)maps to wider conceptLI (Deviation)The ICHI action axis value LI (Deviation) is used across all organ-specific exteriorization/stoma procedures (colostomy, ileostomy, tracheostomy, nephrostomy, etc.), making it the closest structural equivalent to this SNOMED grouping concept; however, LI is the action axis component rather than a standalone assignable code, so it is broader in that it encompasses any organ target combined with this action.
232480000 (Fitting obturator of nasal septum)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)JAA.DN.AC covers device placement into the nose broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about fitting a prosthetic obturator (septal button) into the nasal septum to occlude a perforation; ICHI lacks both the nasal septum target specificity and a dedicated "fitting/application" action, making the ICHI code broader in both anatomical target and procedural intent.
1264394002 (Fitting of speech bulb)maps to wider conceptKAS.DN.AA (Implantation of device into soft palate)ICHI has no specific code for fitting a removable speech bulb prosthesis; the closest assignable category is KAS.DN.AA (Implantation of device into soft palate), which covers the soft palate as the target and device insertion as the action, but is broader in that it implies a surgically implanted device rather than the fitting/provision of a removable extraoral appliance worn against the soft palate/nasopharynx.
122467006 (Fitting procedure)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)PZX.DP.AH uses the DP (fitting/installation of assistive product) action axis on an unspecified body site, making it the closest ICHI residual category to a generic fitting procedure. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it specifically covers fitting of assistive products (orthoses, prostheses, aids) to any site, whereas the SNOMED grouper "Fitting procedure" also encompasses fitting of non-assistive devices (e.g., dental appliances, contraceptive devices, casts) that fall under other ICHI action axes.
183298008 (Fitting/adjustment of crutches)maps to wider conceptUAE.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.KB.ZZ covers change/adjustment of any mobility and transportation assistive product, which aligns with the "adjustment" component of the SNOMED concept but is broader in two ways: it encompasses all mobility assistive products (not just crutches), and it does not fully capture the "fitting" (initial installation/setup) aspect, which ICHI treats as a separate action (DP — Installation). The SNOMED concept's combined fitting-and-adjustment scope makes this an approximate but wider match.
128581002 (Fluid filled catheter hemodynamic measurement method)maps to wider conceptIZE.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifically denotes the fluid-filled catheter technique as the measurement method for hemodynamic parameters, which is a more granular, method-level concept than ICHI provides; IZE.AB.AF captures the intravascular pressure measurement action via catheter (means axis AF) on a blood vessel NEC but does not encode the fluid-filled transducer technique specifically. ICHI is therefore broader, encompassing the procedure without distinguishing the fluid-filled catheter methodology.
429814000 (Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and atherectomy by cutting balloon)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures the core therapeutic action (endovascular extraction of arterial obstruction via percutaneous approach) without presupposing a specific vessel territory, but it does not reflect the fluoroscopic angiography with contrast guidance or the specific cutting balloon technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
429816003 (Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and atherectomy by rotary cutter)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF captures the core procedure — endovascular removal of coronary obstruction via percutaneous approach (AF) — which aligns with rotational atherectomy's mechanism, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the rotary cutter instrument, nor does it encode the concurrent fluoroscopic angiography with contrast that is part of the SNOMED concept.
394611000119107 (Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast for transcatheter biopsy)maps to wider conceptIZE.AD.AA (Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.AD.AA covers biopsy of a blood vessel without specifying the approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies the transcatheter route and fluoroscopic angiography with contrast as the imaging guidance method, making the ICHI code broader. No ICHI category exists for a non-organ-specific catheter-based or fluoroscopically-guided transluminal biopsy, so this NEC residual code is the closest available match.
847081000000101 (Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers dilatation of the bronchus via an endoscopic approach, which captures the same therapeutic target and action (bronchial dilatation, LG) as the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the balloon technique or the fluoroscopy guidance modality that define the SNOMED concept. ICHI's means axis (.AD = endoscopic) also does not precisely reflect the fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous/bronchoscopic balloon approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1147081000000105 (Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of left bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers dilatation of the bronchus by endoscopic means but does not specify fluoroscopy guidance, the balloon instrument, or left-sided laterality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. The SNOMED concept's additional specificity (imaging guidance, balloon technique, left bronchus) is not captured in a single ICHI category code, though laterality could be appended as an extension.
1147141000000101 (Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of right bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for dilatation of the bronchus and correctly captures the target (bronchus), action (dilatation/LG), and endoscopic means (AD), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two respects: it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance (as opposed to bronchoscopic alone) or the balloon technique, and it does not lateralise to the right bronchus — the SNOMED concept is more specific on both technique and laterality.
701000087108 (Fluoroscopy guided bilateral nephrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AE (Percutaneous nephrostomy)NAA.LI.AE captures the percutaneous nephrostomy procedure, which subsumes fluoroscopy-guided nephrostomy since fluoroscopy is the standard imaging modality for percutaneous access, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify fluoroscopy guidance nor bilaterality (bilaterality would require an extension code such as & XCA4). The ICHI code therefore covers a wider range of procedures than the specific SNOMED concept.
19531000087109 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral kidneys)maps to wider conceptNAA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of kidney)NAA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach used in fluoroscopy-guided renal biopsy, but the ICHI code is broader in two ways: it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the imaging modality, and it does not encode the bilateral (both kidneys) nature of the procedure. The SNOMED concept would map to this code applied twice (with laterality extension codes), with the guidance method unrepresented.
811000087103 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral lower limbs)maps to wider conceptLAG.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of the lower limb but is scoped to skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than a fully specified lower-limb biopsy concept; it does not encode fluoroscopy guidance or bilateral laterality, both of which are present in the SNOMED concept and would require ICHI extension codes to represent.
21731000087107 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral lungs)maps to wider conceptJBF.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lung)JBF.AD.AE captures the percutaneous transthoracic approach that defines a fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy, but ICHI does not encode the specific imaging modality (fluoroscopy) used for guidance, nor the bilateral nature of the procedure — both of which are specified in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it covers any percutaneous lung biopsy regardless of guidance modality or laterality.
17131000087107 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral thorax)maps to wider conceptJBF.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lung)JBF.AD.AE captures the percutaneous biopsy approach to a thoracic structure, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a fluoroscopy-guided transthoracic biopsy, but the ICHI code is broader in that it specifies lung parenchyma rather than the thorax as a whole region, and it does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance modality or the bilateral laterality expressed in the SNOMED concept — meaning the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code in most respects, making ICHI wider overall.
709629004 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bone of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a target representing "bone of lower limb" as a combined entity — the closest generalised code is percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site, which is broader because it does not restrict to the lower limb. Additionally, ICHI's percutaneous approach (AE means) does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept.
703108000 (Fluoroscopy guided central venous line procedure)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)IDB.DL.AF captures the most common CVC anatomical target (subclavian/brachiocephalic — thoracic veins) and the percutaneous transluminal insertion of a device, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance and does not capture all possible access sites covered by the SNOMED concept (which is anatomically non-specific and includes internal jugular and femoral routes).
703102004 (Fluoroscopy guided dialysis catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptHIB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into superior vena cava)HIB.DL.AF captures the core clinical act — percutaneous insertion of a device into the superior vena cava, the anatomical target for fluoroscopy-guided central dialysis catheter placement. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device (not specifically a dialysis catheter) placed in the SVC and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance or the dialysis-specific purpose.
1359740007 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous balloon dilation of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)NAE.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the ureter, matching the target (ureter), action (dilatation), and approach (percutaneous/AF means), but the ICHI title implies device/stent insertion as part of the procedure whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only balloon dilation without mandating device placement, making the ICHI code broader. There is no standalone percutaneous balloon-only dilatation of ureter code in ICHI.
719866000 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous subintimal angioplasty with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation (angioplasty) of an artery — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the subintimal technique, fluoroscopic guidance, and contrast use. ICHI does not have a dedicated code or means-axis value encoding subintimal approach or fluoroscopy-with-contrast at this level of the classification.
432952005 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of dialysis fistula with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)This is the only ICHI code that specifically targets an arteriovenous shunt/fistula as its subject, which directly corresponds to the dialysis fistula in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI action axis "SN" (management/maintenance) is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific procedure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (balloon dilatation) under fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making ICHI wider.
713617008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal revascularization of chronic total occlusion of coronary artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)HIA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in general, which is the same fundamental procedure as CTO revascularization, but it does not encode the specificity of a chronic total occlusion target lesion or the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
720583008 (Fluoroscopy guided transcatheter mitral valve implantation)maps to wider conceptHDF.DN.AE (Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement)HDF.DN.AE precisely captures the percutaneous transcatheter approach to mitral valve replacement/implantation, matching the core procedure. However, the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly qualifies the imaging modality used.
225063006 (Flushing cannula)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)Flushing a cannula is a specific technique used to maintain intravenous access (typically by clearing the line with saline or heparin), making "Maintaining intravenous access" the closest ICHI concept. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all activities that maintain IV access patency, not just the flushing action specifically.
397035004 (Fogarty embolectomy of vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The SNOMED concept specifies the Fogarty balloon catheter technique for embolectomy of a vein without restricting body site, whereas the ICHI code restricts the target to the vein of the lower limb and does not capture the instrument or the specific nature of the obstruction. ICHI has no generic "extraction of obstruction from unspecified vein" code in the IZD block, making this the closest available match.
360368006 (Gastrorrhaphy for suture of wound)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)"Gastrorrhaphy for suture of wound" is a specific type of stomach repair (suture closure of a gastric wound), while KBF.MK.AA covers any open repair of the stomach regardless of technique or indication. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
182656008 (General body warming therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)"General body warming therapy" in SNOMED refers to non-specific systemic warming of the body as a whole, while PZA.SD.BQ specifically targets central (core) body temperature warming. No unspecified whole-body warming code exists in ICHI; PZA.SD.BQ under the "Interventions on whole body" block is the closest available match, and the SNOMED concept is broader than the ICHI code.
302230009 (Generic cognitive behavioral therapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI does not encode psychotherapy modalities (such as CBT vs. psychodynamic vs. behavioural), so the closest available code is the general psychotherapy-for-mental-functions category. AS1.PQ.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of psychotherapy targeting mental functions, not CBT specifically.
284182000 (Gluing of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to wound gluing or tissue adhesive application; LZZ.MK.AA encodes the same clinical objective (repairing a skin wound) but is broader in that it covers all repair techniques (suture, staples, adhesive, etc.) without specifying the adhesive means used in "gluing of wound". The body-site-unspecified NEC variant fits because the SNOMED concept does not constrain the wound location.
444175001 (Guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ covers any form of psychotherapy targeting mental functions, without distinguishing CBT as a modality, "guided" as a delivery format, or "self-help" as an intensity level, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for CBT, low-intensity interventions, or self-help formats.
266694003 (Heat therapy)maps to wider conceptAXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)"Heat therapy" is a broad concept covering therapeutic heat application for any purpose (pain, stiffness, muscle relaxation, wound healing, etc.), whereas AXA.SD.BQ specifically applies hyperthermy in the context of pain management. No general-purpose "heat therapy" or "thermotherapy" code exists in ICHI outside of pain or specific tissue targets, so this pain-scoped hyperthermy code is the closest assignable match — making the SNOMED concept broader than the ICHI code.
1284922006 (Hemodialysis catheter care)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance of any intravenous access via a percutaneous approach, which encompasses hemodialysis catheter care as one specific instance but is broader in that it is not restricted to dialysis catheters or to the full scope of catheter care activities (dressing, flushing, site inspection). No ICHI code exists at a finer level of specificity for hemodialysis catheter care.
308730000 (Head and neck contrast procedure)maps to wider conceptIBA.BA.BD (CT angiography of artery of head and neck with intravenous contrast medium)The SNOMED concept "Head and neck contrast procedure" is a generic, modality-agnostic term covering any contrast-enhanced imaging of the head and neck (arteries, veins, CT, MRI, plain angiography), whereas IBA.BA.BD specifies only CT angiography of the extracranial arteries of the head and neck with IV contrast — making the ICHI code narrower in scope and the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code.
278726007 (Head and neck incision)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no assignable code specifically for incision of the head or neck region as a whole; MRS.FA.AA captures the action (incision of soft tissue) but is broader because it applies to any unspecified body site rather than being constrained to the head and neck. The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper for all head and neck incisions, so no narrower or equivalent ICHI code exists that matches both the action and the regional scope.
47387005 (Head injury rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptAT2.PH.ZZ (Training of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)Head injury rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary post-traumatic rehabilitation programme aimed at restoring functions lost after a head injury, whereas AT2.PH.ZZ covers training of global mental functions broadly without specifying traumatic aetiology, and does not capture the full rehabilitative scope (e.g., physical, occupational, speech therapy components) inherent in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore wider in that it applies to any cause of global mental function impairment, and narrower in that it captures only the mental/cognitive training axis of what is a comprehensive rehabilitation programme.
229151005 (Head lifting exercise)maps to wider conceptKTC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing)The head-lifting (Shaker) exercise is a specific dysphagia rehabilitation technique that strengthens the suprahyoid muscles to improve swallowing, making KTC.PG.ZZ (exercise in relation to swallowing) the most clinically appropriate ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any exercise targeting swallowing function rather than the specific isometric/isotonic head-lift protocol captured in the SNOMED concept.
252538005 (Heaf test)maps to wider conceptXG7561 (Tuberculin skin test)The Heaf test is a specific multiple-puncture variant of the tuberculin skin test used for TB screening, while XG7561 "Tuberculin skin test" covers the broader class including both Mantoux and Heaf techniques. No ICHI code specific to the Heaf (multiple-puncture) method exists, making this the closest available match at a slightly broader level of granularity.
225885004 (Health assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" is a close conceptual match to "Health assessment", but sits under "Interventions on whole person" and is framed as a general/unspecified assessment — making it somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept, which can encompass specific-domain health assessments beyond the whole-person general level. The ICHI code is the only direct health assessment category available and represents the best available match.
1156338001 (Health coaching)maps to wider conceptVE1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)Health coaching is a specific goal-oriented, patient-empowerment intervention targeting lifestyle behaviour change, while VE1.PP.ZZ covers counselling across all unspecified lifestyle behaviours — a broader action type (counselling) applied to a broader target scope. No dedicated ICHI code for coaching exists, making this the closest available match within the health-related behaviours section.
385823002 (Health history taking assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)PZB.AN.ZZ encodes a clinical interview directed at the whole person using the AN (interview/history-taking) action axis, which aligns well with health history taking as an assessment activity. However, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it covers any structured interview about the whole person (e.g., functional status, quality of life), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the act of eliciting a health history, making ICHI wider in scope.
721101008 (Head impulse test)maps to wider conceptCTE.AC.ZZ (Test of vestibular functions)CTE.AC.ZZ covers any test of vestibular functions, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes a specific named clinical technique (head impulse test) used to assess the vestibulo-ocular reflex and semicircular canal function. No more granular ICHI code exists for this named test, making CTE.AC.ZZ the best available match but broader in scope.
225065004 (Heparinizing central line)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)Heparinizing a central line is a specific catheter maintenance procedure using heparin to maintain patency of a central venous line, which fits within the broader ICHI concept of managing a vascular device (NEC). The ICHI code does not capture the heparin-specific nature or the flushing/locking technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
257766009 (High speed rotational atherectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF covers endovascular removal of obstructing material (plaque) from the coronary artery via a transluminal approach, which semantically encompasses rotational atherectomy (Rotablator). However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the high-speed rotational/mechanical ablation technique, and would equally apply to other endovascular debulking methods such as directional or laser atherectomy.
308696000 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coarctation of aorta with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIK.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch)HIK.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the aortic arch, which is the correct target for coarctation of the aorta — but the ICHI code does not encode the imaging guidance with contrast medium that is explicit in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader. The open surgical repair alternative (HIK.JJ.AA) was rejected because its means axis (AA = open) and action (JJ = repair/excision) do not reflect balloon dilatation via percutaneous approach.
182558000 (Immobilization by sling)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A sling is a specific type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb, so the ICHI code captures the correct action (LC = application of immobilisation device) and the correct topographical region (upper limb), but is broader because it encompasses any external immobilisation device for the upper limb and does not specify the sling as the particular device or technique. The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the sling as the means of immobilisation.
1290632006 (Immobilization of spine using scoop stretcher)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the spine (unspecified segment), which aligns with the target and action of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific device used (scoop stretcher) and does not capture the emergency/prehospital context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1290630003 (Immobilization of spine using spine board)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the vertebral column as a whole and is the closest ICHI code for spine board application, but it is broader because it does not specify the spine board as the particular device used, and the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier encompasses any unspecified external spinal immobilisation device rather than the specific prehospital spine board technique.
1251626000 (Immobilization of subject using aids)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers any immobilisation aid applied to any body part of a subject (splints, casts, braces, restraints, positioning aids), whereas PZX.LC.AH specifically refers to cast or splint application at an unspecified site, making ICHI narrower in both means and scope. PZX.LC.AH is nonetheless the closest available ICHI code, as it sits under the body-site-agnostic "any site, NEC" block and captures the core action of applying an external immobilisation device.
182561004 (Immobilization of wound)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies immobilization specifically of a wound, while the ICHI code covers application of cast or splint at any unspecified body site without reference to a wound in particular, making it broader in target scope. No ICHI code exists that specifically combines immobilization with wound/skin tissue as the target, so this NEC code under "Interventions on any site" is the closest available match for the immobilization action.
180288001 (Immobilization using plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH directly covers cast application at an unspecified body site, matching the SNOMED concept's lack of a specified anatomical location and its use of a cast as the immobilisation means. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints (not just plaster casts) and does not distinguish the cast material (plaster vs. fiberglass), making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.
172657007 (Implantation of audiant bone conductor)maps to wider conceptCBA.DN.AC (Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified)The Audiant bone conductor (a bone-anchored hearing aid) is surgically implanted into the mastoid/temporal bone to transmit sound via bone conduction; CBA.DN.AC captures the implantation of an internal hearing device under "Interventions on the ear or mastoid" with a residual "not elsewhere classified" qualifier, but it is broader because it covers any middle ear internal device, not specifically bone-anchored hearing implants. No more specific ICHI code for bone-anchored hearing devices exists as a procedure code.
233170003 (Implantation of automatic cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers implantation of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems via the percutaneous transluminal endocardial route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to automatic (implantable) cardiac defibrillators only. The approach (percutaneous transluminal) aligns with the standard clinical technique for ICD implantation, making this the best available ICHI match.
12715008 (Implantation of electrode into brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AA covers any device insertion into the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to an electrode (a particular device type); ICHI does have a "Deep brain stimulator electrode" extension code that can narrow the procedure when appended, but the base assignable code is inherently broader than the SNOMED concept.
54246006 (Implantation of electrode into peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into peripheral nerve)ACA.DL.AA covers the insertion of any device into a peripheral nerve, while the SNOMED concept is specifically constrained to an electrode (a neurostimulator electrode), making the ICHI code broader. The electrode specificity is represented in ICHI only as an extension code ("Neurostimulator electrode in peripheral nervous system") appended to this base category, not as a standalone assignable code.
84448004 (Implantation of electronic stimulator of spine)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AA (Insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AA covers any device insertion into the spinal canal, which encompasses implantation of a spinal cord neurostimulator electrode/system but is broader in that it does not specify the device type as an electronic stimulator. No ICHI code combining the spinal canal target with a neurostimulator-specific action or means exists, making this the closest assignable category within the "Interventions on spinal canal" hierarchy.
447470005 (Implantation of epidural access system into cervical epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)The epidural space is anatomically located within the spinal canal, and an epidural access system is a device inserted percutaneously, making ABG.DL.AE the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any device inserted percutaneously into any region of the spinal canal, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to an epidural access system placed in the cervical epidural space.
447546009 (Implantation of epidural access system into lumbar epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous insertion of a device into the spinal canal, which encompasses the epidural space) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not specify the lumbar level, the epidural subspace, or the particular device type (access system/port). No more specific ICHI code for a lumbar epidural access/port implantation exists in the classification.
447595009 (Implantation of epidural access system into thoracic epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE captures the core intervention — percutaneous insertion of a device into the spinal canal — which aligns with the implantation of an epidural access system, but the ICHI code does not specify the thoracic level, the epidural (vs intrathecal) sub-space, or that the device is specifically an access/port system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The epidural space extension code XA8SS8 could be appended to partially narrow the location, but thoracic specificity and device type remain unspecified.
64253000 (Implantation of heart assist system)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AA (Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering any heart assist system (LVAD, RVAD, BiVAD, total artificial heart, etc.), while ICHI provides specific codes for each device type. HZZ.DN.AA serves as the closest broad equivalent as a cardiac-assist catch-all (NEC) code under "Interventions on entire heart or great vessel, unspecified," making it the best single representative for the unspecified/generic SNOMED concept.
58866001 (Implantation of implantable intravenous infusion pump)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA covers open surgical insertion of any device into a vein (NEC), which encompasses the implantation of an implantable IV infusion pump, but is broader because it does not specify the device type (infusion pump), the implantable nature, or the target vein region. No more specific ICHI code exists for a totally implantable intravenous infusion pump or central venous port.
134367001 (Implantation of insertable loop recorder)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for implantation of a subcutaneous/insertable loop recorder; HFC.DN.AF is the closest structural match covering percutaneous permanent implantation of a cardiac electronic device into the conducting system, but its scope includes only pacemakers and defibrillators, making it broader than the specific diagnostic monitoring device described by the SNOMED concept.
765055004 (Implantation of intracardiac electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept describes placing only the intracardiac electrode/lead, whereas the ICHI code encompasses implantation of the complete endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system (both generator and lead) via the percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) route, making ICHI broader in scope. No ICHI code exists for isolated electrode implantation without the full system context.
445968009 (Implantation of intrathecal implantable access system)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which encompasses the intrathecal (subarachnoid) space where the catheter tip of an implantable access system resides; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (implantable access system/port) or the intrathecal target as distinct from other spinal canal locations.
1156726008 (Implantation of intrathecal implantable infusion pump)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AA (Insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AA captures the core concept of placing a device into the spinal canal (intrathecal space) via an open surgical approach, which corresponds to the intrathecal catheter component of the pump system. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device is an implantable infusion pump, nor does it capture the subcutaneous implantation of the pump reservoir body.
175145006 (Implantation of intravenous atrial overdrive pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code correctly captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation on the cardiac conducting system, but it does not distinguish the atrial-only chamber target or the specific overdrive/antitachycardia pacing function. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
429542009 (Implantation of intravenous cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers the correct approach (percutaneous transluminal/transvenous endocardial) and device class (permanent pacemaker), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish CRT/biventricular pacing from conventional single- or dual-chamber pacing, and also encompasses defibrillator systems. No more specific ICHI code for CRT-P exists in the classification.
310582005 (Implantation of intravenous dual chamber permanent cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF matches the key attributes of the SNOMED concept — transvenous (percutaneous transluminal, endocardial) route and permanent implantation — but the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber configurations, and it also encompasses defibrillator systems, making it wider than the specific dual-chamber pacemaker-only SNOMED concept.
175143004 (Implantation of intravenous fixed-rate cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) approach and permanent endocardial implantation, which directly matches the intravenous route and endocardial lead placement of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses both pacemaker and defibrillator systems and does not differentiate fixed-rate (asynchronous/VOO) pacing from other pacing modes.
175146007 (Implantation of intravenous pacemaker for atrial fibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF precisely captures the procedure (permanent transvenous/endocardial pacemaker implantation via percutaneous transluminal approach), which is the correct technique for an intravenous pacemaker. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses defibrillator system implantation and does not specify the indication (atrial fibrillation), making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
429528001 (Implantation of intravenous single chamber cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF correctly captures the permanent, transvenous (endocardial), percutaneous approach that "intravenous" implies, aligning with the core procedure. However, ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from multi-chamber configurations and also covers defibrillator systems, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
175144005 (Implantation of intravenous triggered cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures the key defining features of the SNOMED concept — permanent implantation via the transvenous (endocardial) route — but ICHI does not distinguish pacing modes (triggered/VVT/AAT vs. inhibited/VVI/AAI), nor does it exclude defibrillator systems, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
419222003 (Implantation of intravitreal device)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration/injection into the vitreous body and is the only assignable ICHI code under the vitreous body block; it captures the target anatomy and approach correctly, but its action axis (DB = injection/administration) is broader than SNOMED's specific concept of device implantation, since the ICHI code also encompasses intravitreal drug injections without an implanted device.
359935003 (Implantation of joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into finger or hand joint)MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into a finger or hand joint, which directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept of implanting a joint (prosthesis) of the finger. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses hand joints broadly (including carpal/wrist joints of the hand) and uses the more general term "device" rather than specifically a joint prosthesis/replacement, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped strictly to finger joints with the specific intent of joint implantation (arthroplasty).
80402001 (Implantation of venous access port)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)IDB.DL.AF covers percutaneous insertion of any device into a thoracic vein, which encompasses the catheter placement component of a venous access port implant (subclavian/SVC approach), but the ICHI code does not capture the subcutaneous port reservoir implantation or the specific "totally implantable" nature of a port-a-cath, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
231119002 (Implantation, removal and adjustment of neurostimulator electrode)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into peripheral nerve)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper covering three distinct actions (implantation, removal, adjustment) of neurostimulator electrodes across multiple nervous system sites (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves), whereas ACA.DL.AA captures only the insertion action on peripheral nerves; ICHI codes for spinal cord and brain neurostimulator electrode targets (ABG.DL.AE, AAA.DL.AA) address those specific sites but no single ICHI category encompasses the full scope of this multi-action, multi-site SNOMED grouper concept, making any assignable ICHI code broader than or only partially covering it.
177694006 (Incision and drainage of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JB.AA captures open drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with the therapeutic intent of incision and drainage of a wound, but it is broader because it covers any drainage (not only wound-related) and does not restrict to a specific body region. The SNOMED concept also implies the incision step explicitly, whereas ICHI encodes drainage as the primary action with the open (incisional) means implied by the AA means axis.
21744009 (Incision and resuture of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifically describes a two-step procedure — incision (reopening) of a wound followed by resuture (reclosure), typically for dehiscence or wound complications — but ICHI has no combined incision-plus-resuture code; LZZ.MK.AA captures the dominant clinical intent (repair/closure of a skin wound at an unspecified body site) and is the closest available match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue regardless of whether a preceding incision was performed, and it does not encode the site-specificity that the SNOMED concept implies.
438319004 (Induction of involution of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)"Induction of involution of thyroid" is a clinical euphemism specifically for radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy, which causes progressive glandular atrophy — this is captured precisely by EBA.GA.BE. However, ICHI is slightly wider because it could theoretically encompass any radioactive iodine administration (e.g., for thyroid cancer ablation post-thyroidectomy), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the involution/suppression use case (typically for hyperthyroidism or goitre), making the ICHI code broader in scope.
288084007 (Infected tissue surgical toilet)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's LZZ.JG.AA covers surgical debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue via incision (matching the sharp/surgical nature of "surgical toilet"), but does not specify that the tissue is infected — the ICHI code applies to debridement regardless of whether infection is present, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
232199004 (Inflation of Eustachian tube using balloon)maps to wider conceptCBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)CBH.LG.AC covers dilatation of the Eustachian tube in general, which encompasses the balloon-catheter technique (balloon Eustachian tuboplasty) described in the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the balloon instrument. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as other dilatation methods (e.g., bougie, laser) would map to the same code.
88722002 (Initial implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept describes placement of a single atrial electrode (lead only), whereas HFC.DN.AF encompasses implantation of the complete permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), making the ICHI code broader in scope. Both share the same anatomical target (endocardium/conducting system), approach (percutaneous transluminal), and permanence intent, confirming this as the best available ICHI match despite the granularity mismatch.
14273008 (Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter)maps to wider conceptHIA.BA.BB (Coronary angiography)The SNOMED concept is a body-site-agnostic description of catheter-based contrast injection for any radiographic study, making it broader than any single ICHI code, which always requires a specific anatomical target. HIA.BA.BB (Coronary angiography) is selected as the most representative of the catheter-delivered, contrast-enhanced imaging pattern (.BA.BB), but the SNOMED concept encompasses this and all other site-specific contrast angiography codes in ICHI, so the SNOMED is wider.
234314000 (Injection of cystic hygroma)maps to wider conceptDFO.GA.AF (Destruction of lymphatic vessel)Injection of a cystic hygroma is a sclerotherapy procedure that destroys a lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma/lymphangioma) via percutaneous chemical injection, which maps to destruction of lymphatic vessel (DFO.GA.AF). The ICHI code is broader because it covers destruction of any lymphatic vessel by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes injection-based destruction of a cystic hygroma subtype of lymphatic malformation.
241276008 (Injection of indwelling catheter)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI's "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal" (PZA.DB.AF) is the closest available code for delivering a substance through an indwelling (intravascular or intraluminal) catheter, as the percutaneous transluminal means axis (AF) corresponds to delivery via a catheter placed through the skin into a vessel or lumen. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the administration occurs through a pre-existing indwelling catheter, and also presupposes the substance is a pharmacotherapy, whereas the SNOMED concept is more general (covering any injection through any indwelling catheter, including flushes or contrast).
276844002 (Injection to subcutaneous drug delivery port)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)PZA.DB.AE captures the act of delivering a pharmaceutical agent via a percutaneous route, which matches the clinical action of injecting through a subcutaneous port (needle through skin into the port septum), but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any percutaneous pharmacotherapy delivery without specifying use of an implanted drug delivery port device.
51315008 (Insertion of aortic needle by translumbar route)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)HIH.DL.AF captures percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which encompasses the needle insertion act, but the ICHI code does not specify the translumbar (posterior lumbar) approach and applies to any device rather than a needle specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for the translumbar route or for needle-only aortic puncture.
233403006 (Insertion of arterial intraluminal device)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into any artery not classified elsewhere, which aligns well with the generic, non-site-specific SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it is the NEC residual for arteries not covered by more specific ICHI site codes, whereas the SNOMED concept is itself already a generic parent that encompasses all arterial sites.
175777002 (Insertion of arteriovenous prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)Insertion of an arteriovenous prosthesis (synthetic AV graft for dialysis access) is an open surgical reconstruction of the vascular system using a prosthetic conduit, which falls under open reconstruction of artery NEC; however, IZA.ML.AA is broader as it encompasses all arterial reconstruction procedures, not specifically AV prosthesis insertion or dialysis access creation. No specific ICHI code exists for AV graft/prosthesis placement, and the only arteriovenous-named code (IZA.SN.AF — Management of arteriovenous shunt) refers to maintenance of an existing shunt rather than creation/insertion.
426153007 (Insertion of artificial airway)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)The SNOMED concept "Insertion of artificial airway" is a broad umbrella covering all devices used to establish an airway (endotracheal tubes, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, supraglottic devices, tracheostomy tubes), whereas JBA.DL.AC specifically denotes insertion of an endotracheal tube into the trachea. The SNOMED concept is therefore wider than this ICHI code, which represents only one of its many sub-types.
235557004 (Insertion of bile duct T-tube)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct)A bile duct T-tube insertion is an open surgical procedure to establish biliary drainage, making KCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct, open approach) the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of open bile duct drainage, not specifically T-tube placement, and does not capture the device-insertion aspect of the procedure.
432092009 (Insertion of cardiac defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) endocardial approach used for fluoroscopically guided ICD implantation, but it encompasses both pacemakers and defibrillators and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. The SNOMED concept is more precise in specifying the defibrillator device type and the fluoroscopic guidance technique.
1340253007 (Insertion of calcium hydroxide dental cement into tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.DB.AC (Application of substance to teeth)"Application of substance to teeth" captures the core action (introducing a chemical agent — calcium hydroxide cement — into/onto a tooth) but is broader, as it encompasses any topical or intra-tooth substance application (e.g., fluoride, desensitisers, sealants) rather than specifically the insertion of a calcium hydroxide cement liner used for pulp protection or indirect pulp capping. No more granular ICHI code exists for medicament-cement placement within a tooth.
37120004 (Insertion of caliper tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)The ICHI code directly covers insertion of skull tongs (caliper tongs are a type of skull tong) with traction implied by the device purpose, but it is broader because it also encompasses halo traction devices and does not explicitly encode the "synchronous skeletal traction" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.
63421002 (Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA captures the core procedural act — inserting a device into a vein — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the hemodialysis-specific purpose or the cannula as the device type. ICHI has no dedicated code for hemodialysis cannula/catheter insertion, so this NEC vein device-insertion code is the closest available match.
61740001 (Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis, vein to vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into any vein and does not capture the specific hemodialysis purpose or the vein-to-vein (dual venous site) nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for dialysis cannula insertion via a vein-to-vein approach.
449181007 (Insertion of cannula into pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptKCO.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct)KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of any device into the pancreatic duct, which encompasses cannula insertion but is broader as it includes other devices (stents, catheters, etc.). The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the cannula as the device type, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
414507007 (Insertion of capsular tension ring)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)A capsular tension ring is a ring-shaped support device inserted into the lens capsular bag to stabilise the zonular apparatus, not a prosthetic lens itself, so BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens) is broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for capsular bag device or tension ring insertion exists within the "Interventions on lens" block.
446508006 (Insertion of capsular tension ring and artificial iris)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)BZZ.DL.AC "Insertion of ocular implant" is the only ICHI code in the visual system that captures the device-insertion nature of this combined procedure, sitting under the NEC block for eye interventions. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between a capsular tension ring and an artificial iris as two distinct intraocular devices, nor does it specify the combined/simultaneous nature of the procedure.
445903002 (Insertion of cardiac monitoring implant using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures percutaneous permanent device implantation into the cardiac conducting system, which aligns with the action and approach of inserting an implantable cardiac monitor (ILR), but the ICHI title explicitly references pacemaker/defibrillator systems rather than monitoring-only devices, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance element, making ICHI broader in device type while the SNOMED concept is more specific in both device purpose and imaging modality used.
431558000 (Insertion of cardiac pressure wire using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHIA.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of coronary arteries)HIA.AB.AF captures the core clinical intent — intravascular pressure measurement of coronary arteries via a catheter-based approach — which is exactly what a pressure wire (FFR/iFR) procedure accomplishes. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the specific technique of fluoroscopy-guided wire insertion, covering all intravascular coronary pressure measurements regardless of guidance modality.
1010231004 (Open division of tendon of left hamstring muscle)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "division of tendon of thigh" code — the thigh tendon block (BlockL4-MLB) only contains muscle-level interventions with no tendon-division counterpart. MRT.FB.AA captures the exact procedure type (open division of tendon, means AA = open approach) but does not specify the body region or laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010232006 (Open division of tendon of right hamstring muscle)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "division of tendon of thigh" code; available targeted division-of-tendon codes are hip (MKT.FB.AA) or lower leg (MNT.FB.AA), neither of which matches the hamstring/thigh site. MRT.FB.AA captures the action (open division of tendon) but loses both the thigh-specific anatomy and the right-side laterality.
1010291002 (Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA captures the procedure class (open surgical coronary artery bypass) but does not encode the specific arterial conduit (left internal thoracic artery), the target vessel (left anterior descending), or laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The other bypass codes (AB endoscopic, AE minimally invasive) refer to different approaches.
1010292009 (Open occlusion of left fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA exactly captures open occlusion of the fallopian tube (target NMC = fallopian tube, action LA = occlusion, means AA = open approach), but the SNOMED concept specifies the left side while ICHI does not encode laterality in the base code, making the ICHI code broader.
1010294005 (Open occlusion of right fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA matches on procedure type (occlusion) and open surgical approach (means axis AA = open) on the fallopian tube, but ICHI does not encode laterality, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right tube only.
1010295006 (Ligation of left fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of the fallopian tubes by any means and does not specify laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies ligation as the technique and the left tube specifically. ICHI has no ligation-specific code; ligation is one subtype of tubal occlusion.
1010296007 (Ligation of right fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA covers all methods of fallopian tube occlusion (ligation, clipping, banding, cautery) and applies bilaterally without laterality distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies ligation of the right fallopian tube only.
1010335005 (Left hydrocelectomy)maps to wider conceptNGG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of scrotum)ICHI has no dedicated hydrocelectomy code; NGG.JI.AA is the closest match as a hydrocelectomy is fundamentally a local excision of scrotal tissue (the hydrocele sac of the tunica vaginalis), but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any local scrotal lesion excision, does not specify the hydrocele sac as the target, and does not capture the left-sided laterality.
10104004 (Flow cytometric crossmatch, two colors)maps to wider conceptXG0F85 (Blood cross-matching)XG0F85 covers the same clinical purpose — testing donor-recipient compatibility before transfusion or transplantation — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies flow cytometry as the technique and a two-color panel configuration. ICHI has no code capturing the flow cytometric method or the two-color detail.
733509002 (Insertion of double lumen tracheobronchial tube)maps to wider conceptJZZ.DL.AC (Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for double-lumen tracheobronchial (endobronchial) tube insertion; the closest trachea-specific code (JBA.DL.AC) covers only standard endotracheal tubes, making JZZ.DL.AC the appropriate NEC category for this more specific bronchial intubation technique. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any unclassified respiratory tract intubation, while the SNOMED concept specifies a double-lumen tube placed across the carina into a main bronchus for lung isolation.
232688000 (Insertion of endobronchial blocker)maps to wider conceptJBB.DN.AD (Endoscopic implantation of bronchial device)An endobronchial blocker is inserted endoscopically into the bronchus and constitutes a bronchial device, making JBB.DN.AD a strong structural match. However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any endoscopically implanted bronchial device (stents, valves, blockers), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes insertion of a blocker device used for selective lung isolation.
235211000 (Insertion of esophageal stethoscope)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)KBA.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the oesophagus, which correctly encompasses the action of placing an esophageal stethoscope, but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific type of device (monitoring/auscultation instrument versus a prosthesis or feeding tube). No more specific ICHI code exists for an esophageal stethoscope or intraoperative monitoring probe in the classification.
829831000000100 (Insertion of fiducial marker into lung using computed tomography guidance)maps to wider conceptJBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung)JBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung) captures the percutaneous needle access to the lung parenchyma that is the physical basis of a CT-guided fiducial marker insertion, but it is broader — it does not specify the purpose (fiducial/marker placement), the device inserted, or the CT guidance (which would require the extension code XG2209). ICHI lacks a dedicated "implantation of device into lung" category, making this the closest assignable code.
433222002 (Insertion of guide wire into breast using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device is a guide wire nor that the approach is ultrasound-guided; the SNOMED concept carries both of those additional qualifiers. The ultrasound guidance component could be represented via an ICHI extension code, but the base code itself remains more general than the SNOMED concept.
16965008 (Insertion of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AF (Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal)HZZ.DN.AF captures the core procedure (percutaneous implantation of a cardiac assist device), which precisely matches the approach and action of IABP insertion; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any percutaneous cardiac assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP is listed only as an extension/device-type qualifier in ICHI's therapeutic products extension section, not as its own assignable procedure code).
230938001 (Insertion of intracranial pressure measuring device)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AA captures the core procedure — inserting a device into the brain via open (burr hole) approach — which is the standard technique for ICP monitor placement, but the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any device inserted into brain tissue, not specifically a pressure-measuring device. No ICHI category exists that combines the intracranial target with a pressure-monitoring device type.
233483009 (Insertion of intraluminal device into arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptICD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb)ICD.DL.AF captures the procedural axes — percutaneous insertion of a device into an upper limb vein — which matches the action and approach of inserting an intraluminal device into an AV fistula (typically accessed via its venous limb). However, ICHI has no code specific to AV fistulas, so the code is broader, encompassing any percutaneous intraluminal device insertion into an upper limb vein rather than specifically an arteriovenous fistula.
440009003 (Insertion of needle for intraosseous infusion)maps to wider conceptDGA.DB.AE (Injection into bone marrow)DGA.DB.AE (Injection into bone marrow, percutaneous) captures the core procedure — percutaneous delivery of substance into the bone marrow cavity — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the distinct preparatory act of needle insertion to establish intraosseous access for infusion rather than the injection itself. No ICHI code exists specifically for intraosseous needle/access establishment, so this is the closest match within the bone marrow interventions block.
1268723007 (Insertion of oral soft tissue supported radiographic dental implant stent)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device in the oral cavity, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of a soft-tissue-supported radiographic stent used as an imaging guide for dental implant planning. ICHI has no dedicated code for radiographic or surgical planning stents, making this the closest available category within the dental interventions hierarchy.
233183002 (Insertion of permanent epicardial cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AA (Implantation of permanent epicardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AA matches on all key attributes — permanent, epicardial, and implantation — but its scope is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it also covers defibrillator systems, not just pacemakers. The SNOMED concept is therefore fully subsumed by the ICHI code, making the ICHI code wider.
440094000 (Insertion of radioactive implant into interstitial tissue of prostate with transperineal insertion of catheter)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy)NGA.GA.BA correctly captures the radiotherapy destruction of prostate tissue, which aligns with interstitial brachytherapy (radioactive seed implantation); however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of prostate radiotherapy without specifying the interstitial/transperineal brachytherapy technique. The transperineal approach and the device/seed insertion nature of the SNOMED concept are not encoded in this ICHI code.
1264395001 (Insertion of speech bulb)maps to wider conceptKAS.DN.AA (Implantation of device into soft palate)A speech bulb is a removable prosthetic obturator positioned against the soft palate to compensate for velopharyngeal insufficiency, and KAS.DN.AA is the only ICHI code for placing a device at the soft palate target; however, the ICHI term implies surgical implantation into tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to fitting a removable dental-type speech prosthesis.
439518004 (Insertion of sphenoidal electroencephalographic (EEG) recording electrode)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AE captures the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device targeting the brain — which aligns with sphenoidal EEG electrode placement performed via a percutaneous transfacial route near the sphenoid bone. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the device is an EEG recording electrode or that the target is the sphenoidal/temporal region.
265630001 (Insertion of vaginal dilator)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC directly encodes the action of inserting a device into the vagina via transvaginal approach, which is the procedure performed. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all vaginal device insertions (pessaries, stents, applicators, etc.), not specifically dilators.
108217004 (Interview, history AND/OR physical examination)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper encompassing both clinical history taking (interview) and physical examination, which maps most closely to "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) as the nearest whole-person assessment code in ICHI. However, ICHI's PZB.AA.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept, as it covers any general health assessment activity rather than specifically the combined interview/history/physical examination method described by SNOMED.
176850008 (Intra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation)maps to wider conceptNMM.DB.AE (Injection or infusion into amnion)NMM.DB.AE captures the same procedural act — injection or infusion into the amniotic sac via a percutaneous approach — which precisely describes intra-amniotic instillation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the substance (prostaglandin) administered, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to prostaglandin as the instilled agent.
399175004 (Intra-aortic balloon catheter operation)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AF (Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal)HZZ.DN.AF covers percutaneous implantation of a cardiac assist device, which matches the primary clinical act of IABP insertion (balloon is inserted percutaneously via the femoral artery). However, the SNOMED concept "operation" is broader — it encompasses the full scope of IABP use including management and removal — while the ICHI code refers specifically to the implantation step, making ICHI narrower in action but broader in device scope (any cardiac assist device, not just IABP); on balance the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the intra-aortic balloon pump device specifically and subsumes multiple device types.
34475007 (Intraaortic balloon pump maintenance)maps to wider conceptHZZ.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device)HZZ.SN.AF covers management of any cardiac assist device via a percutaneous transluminal approach, which accurately captures the clinical activity (ongoing management/maintenance of a device in the aorta accessed percutaneously), but is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices rather than the IABP specifically. ICHI has no assignable code specific to the intraaortic balloon pump — "Intraaortic balloon pump" exists only as a codeless extension qualifier in the classification.
1010431002 (Division of left fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)Division (transection/cutting) of the fallopian tube is a sterilisation technique that achieves tubal occlusion, and ICHI groups all such tubal interruption methods — ligation, division, clips, cautery — under "Occlusion of fallopian tubes" (NMC.LA.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all occlusion techniques (not just division) and does not encode laterality (left), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the exact method and the side.
1010432009 (Division of right fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.FA.AA (Salpingotomy)NMC.FA.AA (Salpingotomy) uses the FA "incision/cutting" action on the fallopian tube (NMC target), which is mechanistically equivalent to surgical division/transection, but the ICHI code is broader in two ways: it does not specify laterality (right side) and salpingotomy classically denotes incision to open the tube rather than transection specifically — no closer ICHI code for fallopian tube division exists in the classification.
1010454006 (Retrograde pyelography of left renal pelvis with contrast)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB (Target: renal pelvis, Action: imaging, Means: X-ray with contrast) precisely represents contrast X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis, which is the clinical substance of retrograde pyelography. However, ICHI does not encode laterality (left) or the retrograde/transurethral approach as distinct from antegrade, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010455007 (Retrograde pyelography of right renal pelvis with contrast)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram) covers imaging of the renal pelvis with contrast medium, which is precisely what retrograde pyelography represents, but ICHI does not encode laterality (right side) or the retrograde/transurethral approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010434005 (Wedge resection of left ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ovary)A wedge resection of the ovary is a specific form of partial ovarian excision, and ICHI's "Partial excision of ovary" (NMA.JJ.AA) directly captures this concept at the procedural level. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the wedge geometry of the resection or the left-side laterality specified in the SNOMED concept.
1010433004 (Wedge resection of right ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ovary)Wedge resection is a specific form of partial ovarian excision (wedge-shaped, right side), and NMA.JJ.AA covers all partial excisions of the ovary regardless of resection shape, approach, or laterality. No ICHI code exists for wedge resection specifically, and laterality (right) is not encoded at the category level in ICHI.
40267005 (Intraaortic balloon pump removal)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does reference "Intraaortic balloon pump" as an extension/instrument concept but provides no dedicated assignable procedure code for IABP removal; HZZ.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of any internal device from the heart/great vessel and correctly captures the approach (percutaneous transluminal, via femoral artery) but is broader because it applies to any such device rather than the IABP specifically.
12480009 (Intracranial pressure monitor removal)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain (open approach), which encompasses an ICP monitor regardless of its exact placement site (intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural). The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to pressure-monitoring devices specifically, and it does not differentiate by device type or placement zone within the intracranial compartment.
1303747009 (Intravenous shockwave lithotripsy of atherosclerotic plaque of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for intravascular shockwave/sonic lithotripsy of arterial plaque; IZA.LG.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and dilatation outcome but does not encode the shockwave mechanism or the calcified atherosclerotic plaque target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The "not elsewhere classified" residual category is the best available fit within the vascular interventions hierarchy.
232961007 (Intraventricular pump support operation)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AA (Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes an unspecified intraventricular pump support operation without specifying laterality or approach, while ICHI has specific codes for left (HBA.DN.AA/AF), right (HBB.DN.AA/AF), and biventricular (HBZ.DN.AA) VADs; HZZ.DN.AA is the residual "cardiac assist device, NEC" category and is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it is not restricted to intraventricular placement, but it is the closest available code when the laterality is unspecified.
37775002 (Introduction of catheter into artery of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifically describes catheter introduction into an extremity artery, while IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into any artery not classified elsewhere — matching the action (device/catheter insertion) and approach (percutaneous) but with a broader anatomical scope that is not restricted to limb arteries. No more specific ICHI code exists for artery-of-extremity catheter insertion, as the upper and lower limb artery blocks (ICA, IFA) lack standalone DL.AF insertion codes.
82936005 (Introduction of catheter into pulmonary artery)maps to wider conceptHZB.AB.AF (Right heart cardiac catheterisation)Introduction of a catheter into the pulmonary artery (PA catheter / Swan-Ganz) is the mechanism by which right heart catheterisation is performed, but HZB.AB.AF encompasses the broader procedure of right heart catheterisation including all right-sided structures, not solely pulmonary artery access. No ICHI code exists that specifically designates catheter insertion into the pulmonary artery alone, making this the closest available match.
9049009 (Introduction of needle into artery of extremity)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)The SNOMED concept specifically denotes needle puncture of a peripheral limb artery (typically for arterial blood gas sampling or arterial access), which is a form of blood specimen collection; however, DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood generally without specifying the arterial route, the anatomical site (extremity), or the technique (needle), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for percutaneous arterial puncture of a limb artery.
22324003 (Jejunectomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.JJ.AA (Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Jejunectomy denotes excision of the jejunum (a specific segment of the small intestine), whereas KBK.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the small intestine without specifying which segment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No jejunum-specific excision code exists in ICHI, so this "small intestine, not elsewhere classified" category is the closest available match.
11682008 (Jejunoileostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LB.AA (Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Jejunoileostomy is a specific anastomosis between the jejunum and ileum (both small intestine segments), which falls within the scope of KBK.LB.AA, but ICHI does not distinguish between specific intra-small-intestine anastomosis types. The ICHI code is broader, covering any small intestinal anastomosis regardless of the specific segments joined.
60892005 (Jejunojejunostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LB.AA (Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated jejunum-to-jejunum anastomosis code; the closest specific code is KBK.LB.AA, which covers all anastomosis procedures of the small intestine (jejunum, ileum, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a jejunum-to-jejunum connection. A more general alternative, KZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, NEC), would be even broader.
29453004 (Jejunotomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.FA.AA (Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Jejunotomy (incision of the jejunum specifically) maps to ICHI's open incision of the small intestine NEC, as ICHI has no jejunum-specific incision code — the target axis covers the entire small intestine outside of duodenum, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
359599000 (Jejunopexy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LC.AA (Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Jejunopexy is specifically fixation of the jejunum, but ICHI encodes this at the level of the small intestine without distinguishing individual segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the jejunum as the exact site of fixation.
235171001 (Jejunal interposition)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)Jejunal interposition is a specific technique of oesophageal reconstruction using a segment of jejunum as an interposed conduit, which falls within the scope of "Reconstruction of oesophagus" (KBA.ML.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all methods of oesophageal reconstruction, not just the jejunal interposition technique specifically.
230978008 (Janetta microvascular decompression of facial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)AAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve, open approach) captures the core surgical action of the Jannetta procedure — open decompression/release of a cranial nerve from vascular compression — but is broader because it applies to any cranial nerve rather than specifically the facial nerve, and does not convey the microvascular (neurovascular conflict) nature of the technique.
55286008 (Janeway operation, permanent gastrostomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)The Janeway operation creates a permanent mucosal-lined gastric tube (stoma) by surgically fashioning and exteriorising part of the stomach wall — a reconstructive open surgical procedure on the stomach. ICHI has no specific code for surgical creation of a permanent gastrostomy; KBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach, open approach) is the closest available category but is broader as it encompasses any form of open stomach reconstruction, not specifically permanent stoma/tube formation.
81192006 (Introduction of needle into vertebral artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for vertebral artery puncture or needle introduction; IZA.DL.AF captures the core act of percutaneous device/needle entry into an artery (NEC) but is broader because it is not specific to the vertebral artery and the ICHI action "insertion of device" encompasses a wider range of interventions beyond simple needle puncture.
443533003 (Irrigation and suction of endotracheal tube)maps to wider conceptJBA.JB.AC (Suctioning of endotracheal tube)JBA.JB.AC covers suctioning of the endotracheal tube specifically, which is the primary operative component of the SNOMED concept, but it does not encode the irrigation/instillation step that precedes suction in this combined procedure. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader in that it subsumes the concept but omits the irrigation detail, making "wider" the most accurate equivalence.
59355008 (Irrigation by cannulation of maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.JB.AE (Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers lavage of any paranasal sinus (not limited to maxillary) and also bundles aspiration alongside lavage, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies maxillary sinus irrigation by cannulation specifically. No maxillary-sinus-specific irrigation or lavage code exists in the dedicated maxillary sinus block (BlockL5-JAF), making JAE.JB.AE the closest available match.
17488008 (Irrigation by cannulation of sphenoid sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.JB.AE (Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified)JAE.JB.AE covers puncture/lavage of any paranasal sinus (not just the sphenoid) and does not specify cannulation as the access technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The sphenoid sinus-specific ICHI block (JAI) contains no drainage or irrigation code, so this paranasal NEC code is the closest available match.
79708004 (Irrigation of vascular catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)Irrigation (flushing) of a vascular catheter is performed to maintain IV access patency, which is the purpose captured by IZD.SN.AF, but that code is broader — it encompasses all activities involved in maintaining intravenous access (e.g., dressing changes, line checks), not solely the irrigation/flushing act. No more specific ICHI code for catheter irrigation or flushing exists in the classification.
1259834006 (Irrigation of ventricular intracranial catheter)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI has no dedicated "irrigation of ventricular catheter" code — the JA (Irrigation) action axis is not paired with the AAE (ventricles of brain) target anywhere in the classification. AAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain) is the best available match as it correctly captures both the anatomical target (cerebral ventricles) and the procedural context (maintaining an indwelling ventricular catheter/device), but it is broader since it encompasses all forms of ventricular device management, not solely irrigation/flushing.
225116006 (Irrigation of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures irrigation of the integumentary system (skin and subcutaneous tissue) as a general residual category, which is broader than the SNOMED concept of irrigating a specific wound; the action axis (JA = Irrigation) and means axis (AH = without incision) are a precise procedural match, but the target is a body-system class rather than a wound-specific entity.
4734007 (Irrigation of wound catheter of integument)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JA.AH covers irrigation of skin and subcutaneous tissue within the integumentary system block, matching the anatomical target and the irrigation action precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the irrigation is performed via a wound catheter — it covers irrigation of integumentary tissue by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about catheter-delivered irrigation of a wound in the integument.
1010567007 (Endoscopic occlusion of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes without specifying the approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an endoscopic route. The more specific ICHI codes for endoscopic approaches (NMC.LA.AB laparoscopic, NMC.LA.AD hysteroscopic) are each narrower than the SNOMED term, so the unspecified parent code is the best single mapping that encompasses "endoscopic occlusion" without over-constraining to one endoscopic technique.
1010570006 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from second obtuse marginal branch of circumflex coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass as a general procedure class, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — detailing a sequential LIMA graft configuration from the second obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex to the LAD. ICHI does not capture conduit type, sequential anastomotic technique, or target vessel specificity at this level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010571005 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from first obtuse marginal branch of circumflex coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass procedures without distinguishing conduit type (LIMA vs. vein), graft configuration (sequential vs. single), or target vessels (OM1/LAD specificity), making it substantially broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for sequential internal thoracic artery grafting or vessel-level bypass target specificity.
1010572003 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from ramus intermedius branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, making it broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept which designates the sequential anastomosis technique, the LIMA conduit, and the exact vessel targets (ramus intermedius to LAD). No more specific ICHI code exists for this variant, as ICHI's coronary bypass codes do not distinguish conduit type, anastomosis configuration, or target vessel.
10106002 (Core needle biopsy of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of kidney)NAA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach of a core needle biopsy of the kidney, but the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous kidney biopsies (including fine needle aspiration) and does not encode the specific instrument (core/Tru-cut needle) that distinguishes the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010688007 (Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass procedures, whereas the SNOMED concept is highly specific — it names the conduit (left internal thoracic artery), the action (anastomosis), and the precise target vessel (diagonal branch of the LAD). ICHI does not have codes that distinguish by conduit type, graft vessel, or recipient coronary branch, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1010694004 (Left posterior vestibuloplasty)maps to wider conceptKAZ.LK.AC (Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)Vestibuloplasty is by definition the surgical extension or deepening of the buccolabial or lingual sulcus to increase vestibular depth, making KAZ.LK.AC a direct conceptual match for the procedure type. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the oral cavity generally without specifying the posterior mandibular site or left-sided laterality of the SNOMED concept.
1010695003 (Right posterior vestibuloplasty)maps to wider conceptKAZ.LK.AC (Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)Vestibuloplasty is precisely the surgical extension or deepening of the oral vestibular sulcus, making KAZ.LK.AC a direct functional match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any oral cavity location and laterality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the right posterior (mandibular) region specifically.
1010696002 (Left unilateral electroconvulsive therapy)maps to wider conceptAAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)AAA.SC.BP captures the core mechanism of ECT — electrical stimulation applied to the brain — but is broader because it does not encode the unilateral (left-sided) electrode placement, the therapeutic seizure induction purpose, or the psychiatric treatment context that distinguish this specific SNOMED concept.
1010697006 (Right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy)maps to wider conceptAAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)AAA.SC.BP covers all forms of electrical field stimulation of the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the modality (ECT, which induces a therapeutic seizure via electrical current) and the electrode placement (right unilateral), making the ICHI code broader on both counts. No more specific ECT or unilateral placement code exists in ICHI.
397404002 (Laparoscopic diaphragm pacing)maps to wider conceptMCX.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device of diaphragm)MCX.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the diaphragm and is the only assignable ICHI code under the diaphragm block for device implantation, making it the best available match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the laparoscopic approach nor that the device is a pacing/stimulation system (ICHI provides "Diaphragmatic pacemaker generator/electrode" only as extension qualifier codes, not as standalone assignable categories).
1304047005 (Laparoscopic implantation of intramuscular diaphragm electrodes)maps to wider conceptMCX.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device of diaphragm)MCX.DL.AA covers insertion of an internal device into the diaphragm, which encompasses the concept of implanting electrodes into the diaphragm, but it is broader because it does not specify the laparoscopic approach (means AA = open), the electrode/pacing device type, or the intramuscular placement — meaning the ICHI code covers a wider range of device insertion procedures than the specific SNOMED concept.
440539003 (Laparoscopic removal of gastric stimulation electrodes of lesser curvature of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AB (Laparoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)KBF.JD.AB captures all three key dimensions of the SNOMED concept — stomach as target, removal of internal device as action, and laparoscopic as means — but is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body from the stomach generally, without specifying the device type (gastric stimulation electrodes) or the anatomical sub-site (lesser curvature).
440041009 (Laparotomy with removal of gastric stimulation electrodes from lesser curvature of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)KBF.JD.AA covers open removal of any internal device from the stomach as a whole, which subsumes the SNOMED concept's specificity of laparotomy approach, gastric stimulation electrodes as the device type, and the lesser curvature as the anatomical sub-site. No ICHI code exists for electrode/neurostimulator removal from the stomach specifically, making this broader code the most precise available match.
440189003 (Laparotomy with replacement of gastric stimulation electrodes from lesser curvature)maps to wider conceptKBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device)KBF.KA.AC covers replacement of any gastric device and is the only ICHI code in this category, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the open laparotomy approach, the electrode subtype, and the lesser curvature anatomical site. ICHI does not distinguish open versus other approaches for this intervention, nor does it capture the electrode-specific or anatomical sub-site detail.
69391004 (Layer closure of wounds of extremities)maps to wider conceptLAE.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI LAE.MK.AA (and its lower-limb counterpart LAG.MK.AA) represent the closest available codes for wound repair of extremity skin and subcutaneous tissue, but ICHI does not distinguish layer/multi-layer closure technique, making the ICHI code broader in technique scope; additionally, the SNOMED concept covers both upper and lower extremities while each ICHI code is limb-specific, so no single ICHI code fully captures the bilateral-extremity scope.
24447002 (Layer closure of wounds of face and ears)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies layered (multi-layer) closure of wounds specifically on the face and ears. ICHI does not distinguish between suturing techniques (simple vs. layered) or specific sub-sites such as face and ears within the head/neck target, so the ICHI code is wider in scope.
14408003 (Layer closure of wounds of scalp and neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific combination of scalp and neck as sites. Additionally, ICHI's "Repair" action does not distinguish the technique of layered/layer closure, making it broader in both site and procedural specificity.
16004007 (Layer closure of wounds of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.MK.AA covers all repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a particular technique (layered/multi-layer closure) applied to wounds specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for layered wound closure of the trunk.
31394004 (Light therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)PZA.SC.AH represents phototherapy applied to the whole body, which is the closest general/unqualified phototherapy code in ICHI and aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept "Light therapy." However, ICHI is slightly wider because "Whole body phototherapy" implies a specific scope (whole body), whereas the SNOMED concept could also encompass localised light therapy applications not captured by this single code.
1179617000 (Localization of sentinel lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.BA.ZZ (Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for sentinel lymph node localization (by radioisotope, gamma probe, or blue dye), so the best available match is the residual "Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified" code, which broadly covers lymphatic imaging/mapping of an unspecified lymph node but does not capture the sentinel-node-specific purpose or the radionuclide/dye technique. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any lymph node mapping technique and is not restricted to the sentinel node identification context.
257765008 (Low speed rotational atherectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF covers any endovascular extraction of coronary obstruction, encompassing all atherectomy modalities (rotational, directional, orbital) without distinguishing speed or technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept of low-speed rotational atherectomy. No ICHI code exists for rotational atherectomy specifically, so this is the most precise available match.
697953001 (Maintenance of automatic cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management of the broader category of pacemaker or defibrillator systems, while the SNOMED concept is specific to an automatic cardiac defibrillator (ICD/AICD); the ICHI code also subsumes activities captured in the sibling code HFC.SN.AH (function check), making it a reasonable but broader match for ongoing ICD maintenance.
175138006 (Maintenance of battery of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)"Maintenance of battery" in the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing the pulse generator (battery unit) of a transvenous (intravenous) pacemaker system, which aligns with HFC.KA.AF's percutaneous transluminal approach; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (not just the battery/generator component) and also encompasses defibrillator systems.
233232006 (Maintenance of ductus arteriosus patency)maps to wider conceptHIJ.DB.AF (Intravenous pharmacotherapy for ductus arteriosus)The SNOMED concept specifically denotes maintaining ductal patency (typically via IV prostaglandin E1 infusion), while HIJ.DB.AF covers all intravenous pharmacotherapy directed at the ductus arteriosus regardless of intent (opening or closing), making it broader. No ICHI code exists specifically for ductal patency maintenance, so this is the closest available match within the dedicated ductus arteriosus block.
448590001 (Maintenance of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AF matches the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal/endocardial) access route of an intravenous pacemaker system and the ongoing management/maintenance activity, making it the closest available ICHI code. It is wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems and the action "management" covers a broader scope than "maintenance" alone.
10107006 (Duodenoduodenostomy)maps to wider conceptKBI.LB.AA (Anastomosis of duodenum)Duodenoduodenostomy is a duodenum-to-duodenum anastomosis, which falls squarely within "Anastomosis of duodenum" (KBI.LB.AA). However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any duodenal anastomosis (e.g., duodenojejunostomy as well), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the more precise duodenum-to-duodenum variant.
1010705000 (Excision of lesion of left vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord)ICHI targets the spermatic cord (NGD) as the anatomical unit encompassing the vas deferens, so "Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord" is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the vas deferens specifically. The left-sided laterality in the SNOMED concept would require an ICHI extension code, which is not reflected in the base code NGD.JI.AA.
1010706004 (Excision of lesion of right vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord)ICHI has no dedicated code for the vas deferens; it classifies vas deferens procedures under the spermatic cord (NGD block), making NGD.JI.AA broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the exact structure (vas deferens) and laterality (right side). The SNOMED concept's right-sided specificity is also not captured in the ICHI code, though laterality can be appended as an extension.
1010707008 (Incision of left vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy)NGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy) directly represents incision of the vas deferens, which is the precise procedure described by the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI base code does not encode laterality ("left"), making it broader than the lateralised SNOMED concept; left-side specificity would require appending an ICHI laterality extension.
1010708003 (Incision of right vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy)NGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy) directly represents incision of the vas deferens, which is the anatomical and procedural equivalent of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code does not encode laterality (right side), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the right vas deferens; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code.
1010716007 (Intravesical reimplantation of right ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)Ureteral reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally an anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder at a new site, making NAE.LB.AA the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the intravesical (transvesical) approach or the right-sided laterality specified in the SNOMED concept, both of which would require ICHI extension codes.
1010717003 (Intravesical reimplantation of left ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)Intravesical ureteral reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally a uretero-vesical anastomosis, making NAE.LB.AA the closest available ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any ureteral anastomosis without specifying the intravesical/antireflux technique, the destination organ (bladder), or the laterality (left), all of which are encoded in the SNOMED concept.
1010718008 (Extravesical reimplantation of right ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter)ICHI has no specific code for ureteric reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy); "Reconstruction of ureter" (NAE.ML.AA) is the closest available category, as reimplantation is a form of ureteric reconstruction, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (extravesical/Lich-Gregoir), the ureterovesical junction as the target site, the antireflux purpose, or the laterality (right side).
230965008 (Maintenance of neurostimulator in cranial nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.SC.BP (Stimulation of cranial nerve)ICHI does not have a dedicated "management of internal device of cranial nerve" code (the SN action is absent for the AAN target block), so the closest available code is AAN.SC.BP (Stimulation of cranial nerve), which captures the therapeutic modality (neurostimulation at the cranial nerve) but is broader in that it covers the stimulation act generally rather than the specific maintenance/programming activity on an implanted neurostimulator in a ganglion.
422967000 (Maintenance of permanent cardiac pacemaker settings)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems via any approach, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to maintenance of settings (programming/reprogramming) of a permanent cardiac pacemaker only. The ICHI code is broader in two dimensions: it encompasses defibrillators in addition to pacemakers, and "management" is a wider concept than the specific act of maintaining/adjusting device settings.
424265001 (Maintenance of temporary cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA captures the management/maintenance action on the cardiac conducting system device, directly aligning with the SNOMED concept's intent. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses both permanent and temporary pacemakers as well as defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted specifically to a temporary pacemaker system.
1269000008 (Mammography guided insertion of guide wire into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device (the guide wire) into the breast — but is broader because it does not specify mammography as the imaging guidance modality, nor does it distinguish a guide wire/hookwire from other devices. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for mammography-guided wire localization of the breast.
1268987004 (Mammography guided insertion of infrared reflector into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the imaging modality used for guidance (mammography) and the device type (infrared reflector/localization marker). ICHI has no dedicated code for image-guided breast localization marker placement, making this the closest available match.
1010719000 (Extravesical reimplantation of left ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)Extravesical ureter reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally an anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder, making NAE.LB.AA the closest available ICHI code. However, ICHI does not capture the extravesical approach, the specific ureterovesical target, or the laterality (left), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1011000087109 (Ultrasonography of left elbow)maps to wider conceptMEJ.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of elbow joint)MEJ.BA.BJ maps directly to ultrasound imaging of the elbow joint, which is the correct modality and anatomical site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laterality (left vs. right), whereas the SNOMED concept is explicitly the left elbow; laterality can be captured as an ICHI extension code if needed.
10116005 (Simple repair of superficial wounds of scalp and neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region (matching both scalp and neck anatomically), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to superficial or simple wound closure — it encompasses all repair types and tissue depths in that region.
10140002 (Qualitative measurement of opiate agonist)maps to wider conceptVAC.AC.ZZ (Test of illicit drug use behaviours)VAC.AC.ZZ covers testing for any illicit drug use behaviours across all substance types and test methods, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a qualitative test specifically for opiate agonists. No ICHI code exists for opiate-specific or qualitative drug screening within the laboratory test section, so this behavioural-intervention code is the closest available match.
10159000 (Revision of gastroduodenal anastomosis with reconstruction and vagotomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)KBF.ML.AA covers the reconstructive component of the gastric anastomosis revision but does not capture the vagotomy element or the explicit "revision" (redo) nature of the procedure, making the ICHI code broader in scope than this specific combined SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for vagotomy or anastomotic revision as a distinct procedure type, so this is the best available match within the stomach interventions block.
10161009 (Patient discharge, to home, with assistance)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 "Discharge planning" is the only ICHI code relating to patient discharge, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the destination (home) and the condition (with assistance). ICHI does not encode these specifics, so the ICHI code encompasses a wider range of discharge planning activities beyond the assisted home discharge scenario described by the SNOMED concept.
1017203005 (Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to intermediate artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit or target vessel, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a single-vessel LIMA-to-ramus-intermedius anastomosis. ICHI has no codes that distinguish by graft conduit (internal thoracic artery vs. vein) or by specific coronary target (intermediate/ramus intermedius artery), so this is the most precise available match.
1017205003 (Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit type, number of vessels, or specific target branch, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies LITA conduit to a single named branch (obtuse marginal of circumflex). No more specific ICHI code exists for this vessel-conduit combination.
1017216005 (Laparoscopic total excision of right kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total nephrectomy)NAA.JK.AB precisely captures the procedure (laparoscopic total removal of kidney) and the approach (laparoscopic), matching the SNOMED concept in both action and means. However, ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code — "right kidney" is not distinguished from "left kidney" in NAA.JK.AB — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the right side. Laterality could be added via an ICHI extension code (e.g. & XCB3 for right side) but the base code alone is wider.
1017217001 (Laparoscopic total excision of left kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total nephrectomy)NAA.JK.AB captures the procedure type (laparoscopic total nephrectomy) exactly, but ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code — the SNOMED concept specifies the left kidney, making the ICHI code broader. Laterality can be appended as an ICHI extension code (e.g., & XCC2 for left side), but the base code itself is wider than the SNOMED concept.
1017218006 (Laparoscopic total excision of left kidney via retroperitoneal approach)maps to wider conceptNAA.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total nephrectomy)NAA.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic total excision of the kidney (nephrectomy), matching the core procedure and approach, but it does not distinguish the retroperitoneal (versus transperitoneal) access route, nor does ICHI have an extension code or separate category for retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept. Laterality (left kidney) is also absent from the base code, though it could be appended as an extension.
1017219003 (Laparoscopic total excision of right kidney via retroperitoneal approach)maps to wider conceptNAA.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total nephrectomy)NAA.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic approach and total excision of the kidney, matching the core procedure, but it does not distinguish the retroperitoneal access route (versus the more common transperitoneal route) nor laterality (right kidney), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy exists in the classification; laterality could be added via an ICHI extension code but is not encoded in the base code itself.
1017227007 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from second diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, while the SNOMED concept specifies a sequential anastomosis technique using the left internal thoracic artery to two distinct coronary targets (diagonal branch and LAD). ICHI has no codes distinguishing conduit type, sequential graft configuration, or target vessel specificity within the coronary tree, making the ICHI code substantially broader.
1017228002 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from first diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — a sequential (jump) LIMA/LITA graft to the first diagonal branch and the left anterior descending artery. ICHI does not distinguish graft conduit type, sequential vs. single anastomosis, or target vessel, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1017229005 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from proximal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to mid portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers any open coronary artery bypass procedure, while the SNOMED concept specifies a sequential (snake) anastomosis using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA/LIMA) to defined segments of the LAD — detail regarding conduit type, anastomotic technique, and vessel segment that is not captured in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1017232008 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from proximal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to distal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit type or anastomotic configuration, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — designating a sequential LITA graft with two anastomotic sites on the LAD. ICHI does not distinguish conduit (internal thoracic vs. saphenous vein), laterality, or sequential vs. single bypass technique, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
1017233003 (Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from mid portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to distal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit (LIMA vs. saphenous vein etc.) or configuration (sequential vs. single graft), so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a sequential LIMA anastomosis targeting two specific segments of the LAD. ICHI has no dedicated code for sequential or LIMA-specific bypass grafting, making this the most precise assignable code available.
10178000 (Extracapsular extraction of cataract by inferior temporal route)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)BBF.JK.AA covers lens extraction in general and does not distinguish the extracapsular technique from intracapsular, nor does it encode the inferior temporal surgical route, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. Phacoemulsification (BBF.JK.AE) was ruled out as it is a distinct technique, while BBF.JK.AA remains the most semantically appropriate available code.
10185001 (Repair of hernia of fascia of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.MK.AA covers repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but is broader in two ways: it includes fingers (not just the hand) and it does not specify that the defect being repaired is a herniation (fascial defect) rather than a tear or other lesion. There is no ICHI code specific to fascial hernia repair of the hand, making this the closest available category.
19207007 (Manipulation)maps to wider conceptPA (Manipulation)ICHI's PA is the action axis component titled exactly "Manipulation" within the Therapeutic actions hierarchy, making it the closest semantic match to the broad SNOMED concept. However, PA is an action axis value rather than a full assignable intervention code (it lacks Target and Means axes), so it is structurally broader than any specific manipulative procedure the SNOMED concept may represent.
176193005 (Manual urinary bladder washout through catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.JA.AC (Irrigation of urinary bladder)"Irrigation of urinary bladder" captures the core procedure (flushing/washing out the bladder) but does not specify the manual technique or the catheter route that are explicit in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader. No more specific ICHI code exists for catheter-based manual bladder washout; the only alternative (NAI.JA.AB) is narrower in scope as it is restricted to clot irrigation via endoscope.
737007008 (Mapping of skin ulcer)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Mapping of a skin ulcer is a structured clinical assessment documenting the extent, boundaries, and characteristics of the ulcer; LZZ.AA.ZZ captures this action on the correct body target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any skin/subcutaneous assessment, not specifically ulcer mapping or wound documentation.
440054002 (Mechanical construction)maps to wider conceptUA1.SJ.ZZ (Manufacturing of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SJ.ZZ captures the act of manufacturing/constructing health-related products and technology (assistive devices, prostheses, etc.), which is the closest structural analog to the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader in scope — it covers manufacturing of any health-related product or technology across all domains, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes mechanical construction as a procedural category.
1365933005 (Mechanical induction of labor)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)ICHI uses "Surgical induction of labour" (FA = incision action on placenta/amnion/cord) to capture mechanical/instrumental labour induction methods such as amniotomy and membrane sweep, which aligns with the mechanical approach of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it may encompass other surgical induction techniques beyond purely mechanical means, and the SNOMED concept also includes methods like balloon catheter cervical dilation that act on the cervix rather than the amnion.
787180006 (Mechanical insufflation exsufflation)maps to wider conceptJTG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other respiratory functions related to breathing)JTG.RB.ZZ covers mechanical/practical support for coughing and expectorating functions, which is the clinical purpose of MI-E (a device that assists airway clearance by simulating a cough cycle), but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all forms of practical support for these functions rather than specifically a mechanical insufflation-exsufflation device. No more specific ICHI code exists for MI-E in the classification.
429283006 (Mechanically assisted chest compression)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation broadly and is the only ICHI code in the classification for this type of intervention, but it does not distinguish mechanically assisted (device-driven) chest compression from manual CPR, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for automated or mechanical chest compression devices (LUCAS, AutoPulse) exists in the classification.
872631000000109 (MRI guided insertion of marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, which subsumes the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish MRI guidance as a separate means value within this code nor specify that the device is a fiducial/clip marker, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1343389001 (MRI of placenta)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures)ICHI's NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal/embryonic structures broadly, which would include the placenta as one of several possible targets, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies MRI of the placenta alone. The ICHI code is wider because it has a broader scope (fetal structures in general, not the placenta specifically); no placenta-specific MRI code exists in ICHI.
179986009 (Multisystem procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PZA (Interventions on comprehensive or unspecified topography)SNOMED "Multisystem procedure" denotes interventions affecting multiple body systems, which aligns most closely with ICHI's organizational block for comprehensive or unspecified topography (BlockL4-PZA). The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses all intervention types (imaging, surgery, therapy, etc.) on whole-body or unspecified targets, not just multi-system procedures specifically; no single assignable category covers the concept of multi-system involvement.
21815000 (Nasotracheobronchial catheter aspiration)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for the nasotracheobronchial route; JZZ.JB.AC is the designated NEC residual for airway suctioning at the respiratory tract level (JZZ target, JB drain/suction action, AC catheter means), which covers this procedure but without encoding the specific nasal entry point and combined tracheal-bronchial extent that the SNOMED concept specifies, making it wider. The alternative JBA.JB.AC ("Suctioning of endotracheal tube") is too narrow as it presupposes an existing endotracheal tube, which is not inherent to the nasotracheobronchial catheter technique.
442869006 (Needle localization using ultrasound guidance and mammography)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The SNOMED concept specifies dual-modality image guidance (ultrasound and mammography) for a breast needle/wire localization procedure, which is a form of percutaneous device insertion into the breast. LCA.DL.AE captures the target (breast), action (insertion of device), and approach (percutaneous/AE) correctly, but is wider because it does not encode the localizing/marking purpose of the device nor the specific imaging guidance modalities used.
439715003 (Neurectomy of intrinsic muscle of foot)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)The SNOMED concept specifies a neurectomy (total nerve excision) of a peripheral nerve supplying the intrinsic foot muscles — a site-specific procedure (plantar/interdigital nerve, e.g., Morton's neurectomy) — whereas ACA.JK.AA covers excision of any peripheral nerve throughout the body with no anatomical site qualification. The ICHI code is therefore wider in scope, as the ACA block for peripheral nervous system has no sub-blocks by body region.
57343007 (Nonobstetrical insertion of bougie into cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)A bougie is a dilating instrument inserted into the cervical canal specifically to achieve dilatation, so the procedure maps well to NMF.LH.AC (cervical target NMF + dilatation with device insertion LH + transvaginal AC). The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the nonobstetrical context or the specific instrument (bougie).
10019001 (Incision and drainage of infected bursa of wrist)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no bursa-specific or wrist-specific soft tissue drainage code; MRS.JB.AA is the closest available code, capturing the drainage action on musculoskeletal soft tissue via open approach, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in both target site (unspecified vs. wrist) and tissue specificity (generic soft tissue vs. infected bursa).
1003472007 (Referral to patient navigation service)maps to wider conceptPZB.TC.ZZ (Navigating the service system)"Navigating the service system" captures the core purpose of a patient navigation service — helping patients find and access care — which is the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it represents the navigation activity itself rather than the specific act of referral to such a service.
1366567000 (Open reduction of open dislocation of joint of shoulder region)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA matches on the open surgical approach and the target (shoulder joint) and the action (reduction), but it does not specify that the dislocation is open (i.e. a compound/open wound), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to open dislocations only.
4455008 (Open reduction of open elbow dislocation)maps to wider conceptMEJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of elbow joint)MEJ.LD.AA captures the target (elbow joint), action (reduction), and means (open/AA) precisely, matching all core elements of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers open reduction of any elbow joint displacement (including dislocation of any severity), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to reduction of an open (i.e. compound, skin-breaching) dislocation — a more specific clinical scenario that ICHI does not distinguish at the code level.
60422005 (Open reduction of open traumatic hip dislocation)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AA precisely captures the open surgical approach and hip joint target, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not encode the traumatic aetiology, the open wound nature of the injury, or the specific pathology of dislocation — it covers open reduction of the hip joint regardless of cause or injury type.
8594000 (Operation of Ambu resuscitator)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC covers all forms of artificial ventilation (mechanical, manual, bag-valve-mask), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes use of an Ambu (bag-valve-mask) resuscitator. No ICHI assignable category exists specifically for BVM/manual resuscitator use; "Bag valve mask" appears only as an extension means code and cannot stand alone as a mapped code.
236949002 (Operation on placenta)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMM (Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord)The SNOMED concept is a grouper for all placenta-related operations, and the ICHI block "Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord" spans the same domain but also includes amnion and cord procedures, making it broader in scope. No single assignable ICHI category covers the full range of placental operations, so the block code is the most appropriate assignment per ICHI mapping guidance for grouper concepts.
386375006 (Oral health maintenance)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VEE (Interventions on oral hygiene behaviours)"Oral health maintenance" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing assessment, education, advising, and supportive activities for oral hygiene; BlockL4-VEE covers all interventions on oral hygiene behaviours and is wider because no single child category captures the full scope.
373838008 (Ovarian ablation by internal radioisotope source)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AA (Destruction of ovary)NMA.GA.AA captures the target (ovary) and action (destruction/ablation) but is broader because ICHI has no enumerated code for radioisotope/brachytherapy as the means of ovarian destruction, unlike the analogous thyroid radioactive iodine code.
241019003 (Packing of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated wound-packing code; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, subsuming wound packing but also surface dressings, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
225120005 (Padding wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Padding wound" applies a cushioning pad to a wound, a subset of applying any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI NEC code is broader, covering all dressing types at unspecified skin sites.
236979009 (Pajot's maneuver)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Pajot's maneuver is a specific axis-traction technique used during forceps-assisted vaginal delivery; ICHI has no dedicated forceps delivery or axis-traction code, so NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery) is the nearest assignable category and is broader.
439916005 (Paradoxical intention behavior therapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI lacks codes for specific psychotherapeutic techniques; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures psychotherapy applied to mental functions but is broader as it encompasses all psychotherapeutic modalities, not just paradoxical intention.
425847000 (Percutaneous balloon dilation of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of biliary duct)KCM.LG.AF matches target (bile duct), action (dilatation), and approach (percutaneous) of the SNOMED concept; slightly wider because ICHI does not restrict the technique to balloon-specifically.
236155006 (Percutaneous endoluminal balloon rupture of stenosis of pelviureteric junction)maps to wider conceptNAE.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)NAE.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation/device insertion at the ureteric level. Broader because the target is the ureter generally rather than specifically the pelviureteric junction, and ICHI has no dedicated PUJ dilatation code.
241024000 (Percutaneous evacuation of wound abscess)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JB.AE precisely matches the percutaneous approach, drainage action, and skin/subcutaneous tissue target of a wound abscess, but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish abscess from other fluid collections nor encode the wound context.
257830002 (Percutaneous fixation using screw)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)MRB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach, device implantation, and bone target, aligning well with percutaneous screw fixation; broader because "implantation of device" encompasses any internal fixation device (nail, pin, plate, screw, wire) rather than specifying screws.
17924004 (Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into autonomic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve)ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach, device insertion, and peripheral nerve target — and the autonomic nervous system is anatomically a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Broader because ICHI does not restrict the target to autonomic nerves specifically, nor specify the device as a neurostimulator electrode.
133000 (Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into neuromuscular component)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve)ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the peripheral nervous system, which encompasses the neuromuscular component targeted in the SNOMED concept. Broader because the ICHI code applies to any device inserted into any peripheral nerve, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes for stimulation purposes.
42526005 (Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes, epidural)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the spinal canal, matching the procedure type and technique. Broader because it does not specify a neurostimulator electrode as the device nor restrict placement to the epidural space; epidural specificity could be expressed via extension code XA8SS8.
397194000 (Percutaneous rotational coronary endarterectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF captures the percutaneous/endovascular approach (means AF) and removal of obstruction from the coronary artery, which aligns well with rotational atherectomy as a catheter-based technique for debulking coronary plaque. Broader because it does not distinguish the specific rotational/mechanical ablation technique from other endovascular extraction methods such as aspiration thrombectomy.
707814008 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of anastomosis)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for dilatation of a vascular anastomotic site; IZA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of arteries NEC, which captures the same procedural technique (percutaneous, transluminal) but is broader because it does not specify the anastomosis as the target and is limited to arterial vessels (the SNOMED concept may also apply to non-arterial anastomoses).
609187003 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and aorta)maps to wider conceptHIN.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt)HIN.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular conduit type (interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and aorta), making ICHI broader. The approach, action, and clinical target are otherwise aligned.
442251008 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptHIN.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt)HIN.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, whereas the SNOMED concept is more specific — designating balloon dilation of an interposition tube prosthesis (modified Blalock-Taussig shunt) connecting the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery. ICHI is broader as it does not distinguish the balloon instrument, the tube prosthesis, or the specific subclavian-to-pulmonary vessel pairing.
46819000 (Percutaneous transluminal catheter embolectomy of brachial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA correctly captures the target (artery of upper limb, encompassing the brachial artery) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which covers embolectomy). Broader because it defaults to an open approach (means AA), whereas the SNOMED procedure specifies a percutaneous transluminal catheter-based technique; no ICHI code exists in the upper limb artery block for endovascular extraction of obstruction.
275065001 (Percutaneous transluminal dilation of artery using Grunzig catheter)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of an artery — matching the approach (AF = percutaneous transluminal) and action (LG = dilatation), but it is broader because it does not specify which artery is dilated and makes no reference to the Grunzig/balloon catheter technique that is explicit in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is the appropriate residual category when the artery site is unspecified.
707826003 (Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of anastomosis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptIDM.LA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal systemic to pulmonary artery occlusion)IDM.LA.AF matches on all three ICHI axes — percutaneous transluminal approach (means), occlusion (action), and systemic-to-pulmonary artery connection (target) — and sits in the correct congenital thoracic vessel block. The ICHI code is marginally wider because it covers any systemic-to-pulmonary artery connection, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the anastomosis is between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery (a Blalock-Taussig type shunt).
385958001 (Perineal care)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)Perineal care is the act of cleansing and maintaining hygiene of the perineal region, which aligns with ICHI's concept of performing the task of caring for body parts (SMC target = caring for body parts, RA action = performing the task). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses care of any body part, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the perineal area.
423687009 (Peripheral intravenous catheter care)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF captures the core clinical activity — maintaining percutaneous intravenous access — which aligns with peripheral IV catheter care (flushing, dressing, site monitoring). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all intravenous access maintenance without specifying peripheral versus central venous lines, making it a wider match for the SNOMED concept restricted to peripheral IV catheters.
392020005 (Peripherally inserted central catheter care)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF captures the ongoing maintenance/care action on intravenous access (flushing, dressing, monitoring), which semantically matches PICC care, but the ICHI target is "vein, not elsewhere classified" and encompasses all intravenous access devices (peripheral IV, tunnelled lines, PICC), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to peripherally inserted central catheters.
860656000 (Peritoneovenous shunt patency test)maps to wider conceptKMA.SN.AH (Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.SN.AH covers management/checking of any internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses the peritoneovenous shunt but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of a patency test. No ICHI code for peritoneovenous shunt patency testing or shunt function evaluation specifically exists in the classification.
446080005 (Photography of wound)maps to wider conceptPZX.BA.BL (Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified)PZX.BA.BL directly encodes photographic/imaging capture and analysis of a body site (action BA = Imaging, means BL = Image capture and analysis), which matches the clinical act of photographing a wound. The ICHI code is broader because its target axis PZX covers any body site and the means BL is not restricted to photography specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to wounds.
182766006 (Physiotherapy for maintenance of cardiovascular performance)maps to wider conceptHT2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)HT2.PG.ZZ maps directly to exercise-based intervention (action PG = assisting and leading exercise) targeting cardiovascular system functions, aligning with physiotherapy for cardiovascular performance maintenance. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any exercise intervention on cardiovascular functions while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to physiotherapy for maintenance of performance.
441617000 (Placement of brain surface electrode for electroencephalography)maps to wider conceptAAA.AI.AA (Electroencephalography monitoring via burr holes)AAA.AI.AA is the most specific ICHI code combining intracranial/invasive EEG with a surgical approach to the brain, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses the full EEG monitoring episode (not just placement) and specifies burr holes rather than the craniotomy typically used for cortical/subdural surface grid electrodes. No dedicated ICHI code exists for cortical/subdural electrode placement.
441597006 (Placement of depth electrode into brain for electroencephalography)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AE captures the structural elements — target (brain), action (insertion of device), means (percutaneous, as depth electrodes are inserted via burr holes) — but is broader because it covers any percutaneous device insertion into brain, while the SNOMED concept is narrowed to depth/stereo EEG electrode placement for electroencephalographic monitoring.
836381000000102 (Plain X-ray guided insertion of marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures target (breast), action (device insertion) and approach (percutaneous), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any percutaneous device insertion into breast regardless of imaging guidance modality, and is not restricted to a marker/clip; the X-ray guidance detail would require an ICHI extension code (XG2RR6) to be appended.
713564003 (Plain X-ray guided localization of iodine 125 radioactive seed to breast lesion)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device (the I-125 seed) into the breast — but is considerably broader as it does not specify the radioactive nature of the seed, the mammographic guidance, or the localization purpose. No more specific ICHI code for image-guided radioactive seed localization of breast exists.
1293172002 (Plain X-ray of placenta)maps to wider conceptNMS.BA.BA (X-ray of female genital organs, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated X-ray code for the placenta, so the residual category NMS.BA.BA covering the broader female genital system is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses X-ray of any female genital organ rather than being specific to the placenta.
370615008 (Portal-systemic shunt ligation by ameroid)maps to wider conceptIEF.LA.AA (Occlusion of portal vein and branches)IEF.LA.AA captures the same core action (occlusion) on the same vascular territory (portal vein and branches), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any occlusion of the portal vein/branches rather than specifically targeting a portal-systemic shunt, and makes no reference to the ameroid constrictor technique.
234742001 (Post core preparation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Post core preparation is a specific restorative dental procedure involving preparing a tooth (post space drilling and core buildup) as a foundation for a crown, which falls within the broader ICHI category of "Restoration of tooth." ICHI has no dedicated code for post/core preparation, making KAE.MK.AC the closest available code at a higher level of generality.
237380007 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The SNOMED concept specifically denotes a device insertion (wire, hook, clip, or seed) placed percutaneously into the breast to mark a lesion prior to biopsy, which aligns well structurally with LCA.DL.AE; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any percutaneous device insertion into the breast for any purpose, not exclusively the pre-biopsy localization context.
1230051001 (Preparation of shower bath)maps to wider conceptSMB.RB.ZZ (Practical support with washing oneself)"Preparation of shower bath" is a specific preparatory task (setting up the shower environment) within the broader concept of practical support for washing oneself; SMB.RB.ZZ covers the full range of practical support activities for washing, making it broader than this one preparatory step. No more specific ICHI code exists for shower preparation specifically.
234917000 (Primary repair of mouth wound)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.MK.AC covers repair of the oral cavity broadly and is the closest ICHI code for wound repair of the mouth, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any repair procedure of the oral cavity (not specifically wound/laceration repair) and does not capture the "primary" (i.e., immediate, first-intention) qualifier. More specific oral structures such as lip (KAA.MK.AA) or tongue (KAB.MK.AC) have their own repair codes, but for a non-specified mouth wound, the NEC oral cavity repair code is the most appropriate fit.
241021008 (Procedure for wound collection)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no wound-specific specimen collection code; PZX.AH.ZZ represents specimen collection from any unspecified site and is the residual category under the "Specimen collection on any site, not elsewhere classified" block, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to wound sites. The SNOMED concept denotes a collection procedure targeted at a wound, while the ICHI code covers specimen collection from any anatomical site not addressed by a more specific code.
428118009 (Procedure involving peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any procedure involving a peritoneal dialysis catheter (insertion, removal, replacement, management), which does not map precisely to a single ICHI assignable category; the ICHI block BlockL4-KMA encompasses all peritoneal cavity interventions including device implantation (KMA.DN.AA), removal (KMA.JD.AA), replacement (KMA.KA.AA), and management (KMA.SN.AH), making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to catheter-related procedures only.
429723008 (Procedure involving urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.KA.AC (Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter)The SNOMED concept "Procedure involving urinary catheter" is a broad grouper covering any catheter-related intervention (insertion, replacement, removal, management, irrigation), whereas NAI.KA.AC specifically covers only the replacement of an indwelling urinary catheter, making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single assignable ICHI category covers the full scope of all urinary catheter procedures; NAI.KA.AC is the closest because it is the only ICHI code explicitly named around an indwelling urinary catheter.
771329004 (Procedure on body region)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-PAA (Interventions on other or unspecified body systems or functions)"Procedure on body region" is a SNOMED grouper for any procedure on a topographical body region, which corresponds most closely to the ICHI block "Interventions on other or unspecified body systems or functions" — the parent section for all topography-based ICHI codes (trunk, limb, whole body, unspecified site, etc.). The ICHI block is wider because it also encompasses body systems and functions beyond pure topographical regions, and no single assignable ICHI category exists at this level of abstraction.
118664000 (Procedure on body system)maps to wider conceptBlockL2-??. (Interventions on body systems or functions)This ICHI block directly corresponds to the SNOMED grouper "Procedure on body system" by covering all interventions targeting body systems, but it is broader because it also encompasses interventions on body functions. No assignable leaf-level ICHI category exists at this level of abstraction.
233432009 (Procedure on intraluminal device of vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZD (Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure performed on an intraluminal device already within a vein; no single assignable ICHI category encompasses that scope. The block BlockL5-IZD is the most appropriate parent node, containing specific codes for maintaining intravenous access, removal of intravascular devices, and insertion of devices, making it broader than the SNOMED grouper.
118717007 (Procedure on organ)maps to wider conceptBlockL2-??. (Interventions on body systems or functions)"Procedure on organ" is a high-level SNOMED grouper covering any procedure performed on a body organ; the nearest structural equivalent in ICHI is the L2 block "Interventions on body systems or functions," which encompasses all organ-level interventions across every body system. The ICHI block is wider because it additionally covers functional (non-organ) interventions.
397171001 (Procedure on pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no specific code for pilonidal sinus; LAB.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which is the anatomical region containing the pilonidal sinus and represents the most characteristic procedure performed on it. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any lesion in that region, not pilonidal sinus specifically.
118738001 (Procedure on soft tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRS (Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on soft tissue regardless of body site or procedure type, and BlockL5-MRS is the closest ICHI structural grouping. ICHI organises soft tissue interventions across multiple site-specific blocks, making this block — and the broader ICHI structure — wider in scope than the single SNOMED category.
183253002 (Provision of medical equipment)maps to wider conceptUA1.RD.ZZ (Providing products and technology, unspecified)UA1.RD.ZZ captures the act of providing/supplying products and technology to a patient, which directly matches the core meaning of "Provision of medical equipment," but the ICHI code is broader because its target encompasses all types of products and technology rather than being restricted to medical equipment specifically.
46733005 (Provision of molds or casts for immobilization)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of providing molds or casts for immobilization; however, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints (not just casts/molds) and the residual NEC nature makes it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
42340005 (Pulmonary artery wedge pressure monitoring)maps to wider conceptIDA.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of intrathoracic arteries)ICHI has no code specific to pulmonary artery wedge (capillary) pressure monitoring; IDA.AB.AF covers intravascular pressure measurement of all intrathoracic arteries via percutaneous approach, encompassing the anatomical target and measurement action of PAWP monitoring but is broader, including other intrathoracic arteries and not specifically representing the occlusion-wedge technique.
42311007 (Radial artery puncture for laboratory test)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA captures the essential clinical action — obtaining a blood specimen — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the radial artery as the access site or restrict the purpose to laboratory testing. The SNOMED concept is a specific form of arterial blood collection from a named vessel, whereas the ICHI code covers blood specimen collection from any source.
234725007 (Recontour tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Recontour tooth" (odontoplasty/enameloplasty) is a specific procedure involving selective removal and reshaping of tooth enamel, which is a subtype of interventions that alter tooth form. ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) is the closest available code but is broader, encompassing all restorative tooth interventions rather than specifically tooth surface recontouring.
271505003 (Reduction of fracture of femur with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation component (e.g. intramedullary nail or plate), which is a defining part of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only the reduction without the fixation. No single ICHI category combines both reduction and internal fixation of the femur, so this is the best available match.
232711005 (Removal of airway)maps to wider conceptJBA.JD.AC (Removal of endotracheal tube)"Removal of airway" is a broad SNOMED concept covering removal of any artificial airway device (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, endotracheal, or supraglottic); ICHI's closest specific code is removal of an endotracheal tube only. No single ICHI code covers all airway device types, and JBA.JD.AC is the most clinically prominent form of airway removal.
448489007 (Removal of ambulatory blood pressure monitor)maps to wider conceptITA.AI.AH (Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring)ICHI encodes ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as a complete procedure (placement, wear period, and removal all constitute the monitoring episode), whereas the SNOMED concept isolates only the removal step; the ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing the full monitoring intervention rather than just the device removal act.
440022006 (Removal of anal seton)maps to wider conceptKBX.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from anus)A seton is a thread/device placed through the anal sphincter to treat fistula-in-ano; ICHI has no seton-specific code, but KBX.JD.AA is the correct anatomical block and action axis, broader as it applies to any internal device or foreign body from the anus.
233412008 (Removal of arterial intraluminal device)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular internal device or foreign body from any artery (NEC), which semantically matches the SNOMED concept well; however, it is broader in that it also encompasses foreign body removal and is not restricted to intraluminal devices specifically.
233171004 (Removal of automatic cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA is a strong semantic match for removal of a cardiac defibrillator and sits correctly in the conducting system of heart hierarchy; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses both pacemakers and defibrillators as a combined system.
285663000 (Removal of bone screw from bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)MRB.JD.AA directly represents removal of an internal device from bone and is the closest ICHI code available; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers any internal device or foreign body from any bone site, while the SNOMED concept specifies a bone screw.
405433000 (Removal of catheter from brachial vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF matches the procedure well — removal of an intravascular device (catheter) from a vein; the code is wider because it applies to any vein NEC rather than the brachial vein specifically, and it encompasses foreign bodies in addition to catheters.
405428004 (Removal of catheter from external jugular vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.JD.AF (Removal of internal device or foreign body from vein of head and neck, extracranial)The external jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck (extracranial), so IBD.JD.AF covers the correct anatomical region and action; ICHI does not have a code specific to the external jugular vein, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405431003 (Removal of catheter from subclavian vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to the subclavian vein; the subclavian does not fall cleanly under the head-and-neck or SVC blocks that have removal-of-device codes, so the NEC residual vein code is the best available fit, broader because it is unspecified as to vein.
175853000 (Removal of central venous line)maps to wider conceptHIB.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava)Central venous catheters terminate in the superior vena cava or right atrium, making HIB.JD.AF the best anatomical and procedural match; ICHI implies a percutaneous transluminal approach while the SNOMED concept does not specify approach, and ICHI targets the SVC rather than the vein of insertion.
68466008 (Removal of coronary artery obstruction by percutaneous transluminal balloon, single vessel)maps to wider conceptHIA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)HIA.LG.AF exactly captures the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty procedure for coronary artery obstruction. ICHI does not encode the number of vessels treated, so the single-vessel qualification in the SNOMED concept is lost, making the ICHI code broader.
46342000 (Removal of electrodes from brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain, which encompasses brain electrodes but is broader in that it includes non-electrode devices and foreign bodies. No ICHI code specifically targets brain electrodes.
232716000 (Removal of endobronchial blocker)maps to wider conceptJBB.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bronchus)An endobronchial blocker is an internal bronchial device removed endoscopically, making JBB.JD.AD a strong structural match; the ICHI code is wider because it also covers removal of other bronchial devices and foreign bodies, not only endobronchial blockers.
50225007 (Removal of heart assist system)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JD.AH (Removal of extrinsic heart assist device)The SNOMED concept "heart assist system" encompasses both internal (VADs) and external assist devices, whereas ICHI has separate codes for left/right/biventricular VAD and extrinsic device; HZZ.JD.AH is selected as the least specific option but the SNOMED term is broader across all assist system types.
711303002 (Removal of implanted intrathecal pump)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)ICHI has no specific code for intrathecal pump removal; ABG.JD.AA is the best available match as it covers removal of any internal device from the spinal canal (which includes the intrathecal space), broader than the specific SNOMED concept of an implanted intrathecal drug delivery pump.
1348292001 (Removal of indwelling pleural catheter)maps to wider conceptJCB.JD.AE (Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity)JCB.JD.AE covers removal of any drainage device from the pleural cavity, capturing the procedure semantics well, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the device is an "indwelling pleural catheter" — a tunnelled long-term drainage device rather than a generic pleural drain.
443262001 (Removal of insulin pump)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Insulin pumps are subcutaneous devices worn/implanted in the trunk region, and LAB.JD.AA represents removal of an internal device from that anatomical site; however, the ICHI code is considerably broader, applying to any internal device or foreign body in the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk.
284993004 (Removal of intracranial electrodes with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)AAA.KA.AA captures the combined removal-and-replacement procedure on an intracranial device, which aligns with the SNOMED concept of synchronous replacement of intracranial electrodes; however, the ICHI code covers any intracranial device replacement rather than specifically electrodes.
233485002 (Removal of intraluminal device from arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of an intravascular device from an artery NEC, the closest anatomical and procedural fit for extracting an intraluminal device from an arteriovenous fistula; ICHI lacks a specific code for arteriovenous fistulas as a target.
404205006 (Removal of mesh from wound)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no code specific to mesh or to body-site-unspecified wound; LAB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and is the closest structural match, broader because it does not specify mesh and assumes trunk location.
73109006 (Removal of neurostimulator electrode from peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve)ACA.JD.AE is the only ICHI code for removal of a device from a peripheral nerve and captures the target and action correctly; however, it does not specify the device type as a neurostimulator electrode, and the means specifies percutaneous approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach.
449381002 (Removal of orthodontic screw)maps to wider conceptMAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible)An orthodontic miniscrew (TAD) is placed in jaw bone — most commonly the mandible — and MAG.JD.AA is the best available ICHI code for device removal from that site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish orthodontic screws from other bone hardware, and mandible is assumed where the screw location may actually be the maxilla.
424287005 (Removal of peripheral intravenous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for removal of a device from a vein and encompasses peripheral venous catheters; it is wider because it does not specify the device as an IV catheter or the vein as peripheral.
230868009 (Removal of radioactive implant from brain tissue)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a radioactive implant (brachytherapy seed/source) from brain tissue. No ICHI category exists for radioactive implant removal specifically.
41208005 (Removal of spinal neurostimulator electrodes)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)Spinal cord neurostimulator electrodes are implanted in the epidural space of the spinal canal, making this code anatomically appropriate for their removal. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the spinal canal, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes.
51958000 (Removal of T-tube from bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct)A T-tube is a drainage device placed in the common bile duct and its removal maps well to this code. The ICHI code is slightly broader since it covers any internal device or foreign body from the bile duct rather than specifically a T-tube.
236872001 (Removal of vaginal dilator)maps to wider conceptNMH.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina)A vaginal dilator is an internal device within the vaginal canal, and this ICHI code covers removal of internal devices or foreign bodies from the vagina via transvaginal approach. The ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to dilators.
30947006 (Repair of bile duct laceration)maps to wider conceptKCM.MK.AA (Repair of bile duct)KCM.MK.AA covers repair of the bile duct generally, which encompasses laceration repair as one indication, but is not specific to laceration as the injury type. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
177222006 (Repair of episiotomy)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum generally, which includes episiotomy repair as a specific subtype, but also encompasses perineal tears and other perineal injuries, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
26816003 (Repair of eyelid laceration)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA covers all repair of the eyelid, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a repair of an eyelid laceration (traumatic wound closure). ICHI does not distinguish repair by cause (laceration vs other defect), making the ICHI code broader.
238833008 (Repair of eyelid laceration, partial-thickness)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA is the only assignable eyelid repair code in ICHI and has no children; it does not capture either the traumatic (laceration) cause or the partial-thickness qualifier present in this SNOMED concept, making it broader on both dimensions.
361157006 (Repair of eyelid laceration, partial-thickness involving lid margin)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)As with the two concepts above, BAA.MK.AA is the single assignable eyelid repair code; it does not encode the laceration aetiology, partial-thickness depth, or lid margin involvement that distinguish this most granular SNOMED concept.
1259948005 (Repair of fissure sealant on tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Repairing or replacing a pit-and-fissure sealant is a specific form of tooth restoration; KAE.MK.AC is the closest available ICHI category (covering restoration of tooth broadly), but it encompasses all restorative dental procedures and does not distinguish sealant repair from fillings or other restorations.
42767002 (Repair of heart assist system)maps to wider conceptHZZ.SN.AA (Management of cardiac assist device)ICHI's "Management of cardiac assist device" covers maintenance and adjustment of cardiac assist devices broadly, which encompasses repair of such a system, but is wider in scope as it includes all management activities beyond repair alone. No more specific ICHI code for repair of a cardiac assist device exists.
58388006 (Repair of laceration of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI's "Repair of conjunctiva" covers all conjunctival repair procedures and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to repair of a laceration; ICHI does not distinguish the aetiology or wound type of the repair.
736531000 (Repair of laceration of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)ICHI's "Repair of cornea" covers any corneal repair and does not specify the wound type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to repair of a laceration specifically.
27191003 (Repair of laceration of gallbladder)maps to wider conceptKCF.MK.AA (Repair of gallbladder)ICHI's "Repair of gallbladder" is the open (non-laparoscopic) general repair code for the gallbladder, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying laceration repair; the approach and wound aetiology are not captured in ICHI.
24312009 (Repair of laceration of great vessels)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a single "great vessels" repair category — the great vessels (aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery/vein) are coded under separate specific blocks with reconstruction rather than repair codes; the NEC blood vessel repair code is the closest available broader match.
90515006 (Repair of laceration of large vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.MK.AA (Repair of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "large vein" category; IZD.MK.AA covers repair of any vein not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a large vein. Named large veins (SVC: HIB.MK.AA, IVC: HIC.MK.AA) are too specific to a single vessel.
27998005 (Repair of laceration of sclera by application of tissue glue)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)BCB.MK.AA directly corresponds to scleral repair, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific means (tissue glue application), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the technique.
73380001 (Repair of laceration of urinary bladder by suture)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)NAI.MK.AA directly represents repair of the urinary bladder, but does not capture the suture technique specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
397239004 (Repair of liver laceration)maps to wider conceptKCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver)KCA.MK.AA directly corresponds to repair of the liver and is the best ICHI match, but it does not specify laceration as the injury type being repaired, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
232653000 (Repair of lung laceration)maps to wider conceptJBF.MK.AA (Repair of lung)JBF.MK.AA covers repair of the lung parenchyma broadly, without specifying the type of injury being repaired. The SNOMED concept is narrower in that it specifies the lesion being addressed is a laceration, so the ICHI code is wider.
12385003 (Repair of mouth laceration)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.MK.AC addresses repair of the oral cavity generally without specifying the lesion type (laceration), making it broader than the SNOMED concept; no more specific laceration-oriented oral repair code exists in ICHI.
44102003 (Repair of orbit wound)maps to wider conceptBAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)BAM.MK.AA covers orbital repair in general without specifying that the underlying lesion is a wound/laceration, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
763097008 (Repair of penetrating eye injury)maps to wider conceptBZA.MK.AA (Repair of eyeball, not elsewhere classified)BZA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyeball generally, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a penetrating injury repair. ICHI does not distinguish injury mechanism or wound type, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
88044000 (Repair of perforating laceration of sclera not involving uveal tissue)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)BCB.MK.AA covers repair of the sclera in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a perforating laceration with the additional qualifier that uveal tissue is not involved. ICHI does not encode wound type or tissue involvement detail, making the ICHI code broader.
237026005 (Repair of perineal tear)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA represents repair of the perineum as a general category, while the SNOMED concept specifies repair of a tear (laceration), typically in the obstetric context. ICHI does not encode the nature of the wound or the clinical context, making it broader.
42904002 (Repair of rectal laceration)maps to wider conceptKBW.MK.AA (Repair of rectum)KBW.MK.AA covers rectal repair generally without specifying the type of injury being repaired. The SNOMED concept is specifically a laceration repair, a narrower clinical scenario not distinguished in ICHI.
397244006 (Repair of renal laceration)maps to wider conceptNAA.MK.AA (Repair of kidney)NAA.MK.AA encodes repair of the kidney without specifying the nature of the injury. The SNOMED concept is restricted to laceration repair, which is a more specific scenario than the general kidney repair captured by ICHI.
80039008 (Repair of wound of abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall generally and is the best available match, but it does not specify that the repair is specifically of a wound (traumatic or otherwise), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
80442006 (Repair of wound of extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)BDA.MK.AA precisely targets repair of the extraocular muscle, but ICHI does not distinguish wound repair from other types of repair at this target site, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
439331008 (Repair of wound of heart with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.MK.AA is the only available ICHI code for repair of the heart, but it is considerably broader — it does not specify that the repair targets a wound, nor that cardiopulmonary bypass is employed (the bypass would need to be represented as an extension code if the combination were valid).
55120005 (Repair to denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for repairing a denture; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest match as a denture is an external dental appliance, but the ICHI code is broader, covering any management of such appliances rather than repair specifically.
6547002 (Repair with closure of non-surgical wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.MK.AA is the most appropriate unspecified-site skin repair code and captures the concept of repairing a wound (typically involving closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), but it is broader — it does not restrict to non-surgical wounds and the body site is unspecified.
84893002 (Replacement of cannula of arteriovenous shunt)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for cannula replacement within an AV shunt; "Management of arteriovenous shunt" is the most relevant code but encompasses a broader range of maintenance activities beyond cannula replacement alone.
1230247009 (Replacement of dressing of insertion site of cannula)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to dressing of a device insertion site; the best available code covers application of any dressing to skin and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped to a cannula insertion site specifically.
1230246000 (Replacement of dressing of insertion site of vascular catheter)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Same reasoning as the cannula dressing concept — ICHI has no code restricted to catheter insertion site dressing, so the generic skin dressing application code is the closest available match but is broader in scope.
68882003 (Replacement of electronic heart device, myocardial electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no separate code for replacing only the myocardial electrode (lead); the available replacement code covers the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the electrode component.
18420001 (Replacement of wound catheter of integument)maps to wider conceptPZX.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists specifically for wound catheter replacement in integumentary tissue; the body-region-specific skin device replacement codes are more precise but require a body region not specified in the SNOMED concept. PZX.KA.AE covers percutaneous device replacement at any site and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to integument.
231023008 (Repositioning of epidural electrode)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)The epidural space is within the spinal canal, and repositioning an electrode is a form of device management; however, ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal spinal canal device by any means, making it broader than the specific act of repositioning an epidural electrode percutaneously. No more specific ICHI code for repositioning a spinal canal/epidural electrode exists.
177229002 (Repositioning of umbilical cord)maps to wider conceptNMM.LD.AC (Replacement of prolapsed umbilical cord)NMM.LD.AC specifically describes replacing a prolapsed umbilical cord, which is the typical clinical scenario of cord repositioning. The SNOMED concept "repositioning" is broader and could cover any cord repositioning manoeuvre, while the ICHI code is the closest and most semantically appropriate match available in the NMM block.
233185009 (Reprogramming of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pacemaker reprogramming specifically; HFC.SN.AA "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" is the closest code and encompasses parameter adjustment and reprogramming, but it is broader as it covers any management activity (e.g., interrogation, function check) and also includes defibrillators.
175137001 (Resiting of lead of intravenous pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI lacks a code specific to repositioning or resiting a pacemaker lead in isolation; HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the pacemaker/defibrillator system as a whole, which is broader than a targeted lead resiting procedure. No code for partial lead replacement or repositioning alone exists in the HFC block.
314640007 (Resuture of perineal wound)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA "Repair of perineum" is the closest ICHI code, but it covers any perineal repair procedure, not specifically a secondary resuturing (wound dehiscence repair). ICHI does not distinguish between primary and secondary closure, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept of resuturing an already-sutured perineal wound.
288087000 (Resuture wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific "resuture" action; the closest concept is repair (MK) of skin and subcutaneous tissue, which covers wound closure including secondary suturing. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all repair methods, not only re-suturing, and does not specify body-site location.
176086008 (Retrograde catheter ureteropyelography)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram) is imaging of the renal pelvis, which is the closest ICHI match to ureteropyelography; the SNOMED concept specifies retrograde catheter technique, but ICHI does not encode the retrograde/catheter approach modifier for this procedure, making the ICHI code broader.
405354006 (Revision of anastomosis of vascular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for revision of a vascular anastomosis or prosthesis; IZE.MK.AA (repair of blood vessel NEC) is the nearest concept covering surgical correction of a vascular structure, but it does not distinguish prosthesis/anastomosis revision from primary repair, making it broader.
34955007 (Revision of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI's HFC.SN.AA covers management (non-replacement adjustment/revision) of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, which is the closest match to AICD revision; ICHI does not separately classify ICD revision vs. pacemaker revision, and "management" is a broader action than the specific SNOMED concept of revision.
224967001 (Revision of cannula for dialysis)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)A dialysis cannula is typically part of an arteriovenous access/shunt circuit; IZA.SN.AF (management of arteriovenous shunt) is the nearest ICHI code covering procedural management of dialysis vascular access, but it does not specifically denote cannula revision and is broader in scope.
302329002 (Revision of distal catheter of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)ICHI's "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain" covers adjustment or maintenance of the ventricular shunt system, which encompasses revision of the distal (peritoneal) catheter component, but is broader because it applies to the entire device rather than specifying the distal limb.
65168002 (Revision of implantable intravenous infusion pump)maps to wider conceptPZA.SN.AH (Management of pharmacotherapy internal device)ICHI has no code specifically for revision of an implantable intravenous infusion pump; "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device" is the closest available concept, covering maintenance and adjustment of implanted drug-delivery devices, but is broader in both anatomical target and action scope.
18036005 (Revision of implanted intra-arterial infusion pump)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)An implanted intra-arterial infusion pump is a vascular device; ICHI's "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified" captures the arterial anatomical context, though it remains broader as it covers any vascular device management rather than specifically arterial infusion pump revision.
230946000 (Revision of intracranial pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)An ICP monitoring catheter is an intracranial device, and "Replacement of intracranial device" is the best available ICHI code for its surgical revision; however, it is broader as it covers any intracranial device replacement and does not distinguish catheter-type pressure monitors from other implants.
230943008 (Revision of intracranial pressure transducer)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)An intracranial pressure transducer is an intracranial device, and "Replacement of intracranial device" is the closest ICHI code for the surgical revision of this monitor; it is broader because it encompasses all intracranial device replacement without distinguishing transducer-based monitors.
307991006 (Revision of mastectomy scar)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no specific code for mastectomy scar revision; LAB.MK.AA (repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue of trunk) is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader because it covers any repair of trunk skin rather than specifically the post-mastectomy scar site.
302326009 (Revision of proximal catheter of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA (replacement of ventricular device) best captures revision/replacement of a component of the ventricular shunt system, but is broader because it does not specify that only the proximal (ventricular) catheter — as opposed to the whole shunt system — is being revised.
234712004 (Root canal obturation)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)KAE.ML.AC encompasses the full root canal procedure including preparation, shaping, and obturation, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the obturation step alone; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific procedural phase.
234707000 (Root canal preparation)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)Root canal preparation refers specifically to mechanical shaping and cleaning of the root canal system, which is one component of the broader root canal therapy procedure captured by KAE.ML.AC, making the ICHI code broader.
447831009 (Secondary suturing of wound of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)No ICHI code exists for secondary (delayed) suturing of an abdominal wound; PAL.MK.AA "Repair of abdominal wall" is the closest structural match, but it is broader as it encompasses all repair approaches and does not distinguish primary from secondary closure timing.
231084004 (Semi-permanent pressure technique)maps to wider conceptPZX.SB.AH (Acupressure, not elsewhere classified)"Semi-permanent pressure technique" is a specific variant of acupressure (sustained/prolonged pressure applied to acupoints), while PZX.SB.AH is a broader NEC category covering acupressure when no more specific site-based code applies; the ICHI code does not capture the "semi-permanent" duration qualifier.
397241003 (Simple hepatorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptKCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver)KCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver) is the best available ICHI match for hepatorrhaphy (suture of the liver), but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish "simple" suture/repair from more complex reconstructive repairs of the liver.
23350009 (Simple repair of wounds of face and ears)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region, which encompasses the face and ears; it is wider because it does not distinguish "simple" wound repair from other repair types, and head/neck is a broader anatomical scope than face and ears alone.
11856001 (Simple repair of wounds of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.MK.AA is a strong anatomical match for wounds of the trunk, but is wider because ICHI does not differentiate "simple" wound repair (primary closure/suture) from other repair methods, nor does it explicitly specify wound as the indication.
82808001 (Sleep apnea monitoring with alarm)maps to wider conceptJTB.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of respiration function)ICHI's "Monitoring of respiration function" captures the monitoring of respiratory activity that underlies sleep apnea monitoring, but is broader because it does not specify the sleep apnea context, the alarm component, or the overnight/home-use nature of the SNOMED concept.
16552301000119102 (SPECT of whole body for localization of neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI's whole-body SPECT code is a precise match on modality and body scope, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the clinical purpose of neoplasm localization that is intrinsic to the SNOMED term.
233045000 (Static balloon atrial septostomy)maps to wider conceptHAD.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication)HAD.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the interatrial communication, the core action in a balloon atrial septostomy; however, the ICHI code does not capture the "static balloon" technique (vs. blade septostomy), making it broader.
439305006 (Stereotactic insertion of intracerebral infusion catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AA captures insertion of a device into the brain (target and action align), but ICHI does not encode the stereotactic guidance technique or the specific catheter subtype, making it broader than the fully specified SNOMED concept.
872661000000104 (Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE matches the target (breast), action (insertion), and approach (percutaneous), but does not specify stereotactic mammography guidance or that the device is a localisation marker, so the ICHI code is broader.
172707007 (Suction clearance of middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBA.JB.AC (Drainage of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)Drainage of the middle ear is the closest ICHI code and suction clearance is a specific form of drainage, but the ICHI term is broader as it does not specify the mechanism (suction/aspiration vs. tube/incision drainage).
225148005 (Surgical debridement of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's NEC skin/subcutaneous debridement with incision is the best available code for surgical wound debridement, but ICHI scopes this to skin/subcutaneous tissue while the SNOMED concept covers wounds on any body part; no body-site-neutral "wound debridement" code exists.
66960000 (Suture of corneal laceration)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)Repair of cornea (BBB.MK.AA) captures the target and therapeutic intent, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture repair of a laceration; ICHI does not distinguish between repair techniques or injury type.
2322003 (Suture of recent wound of eyelid, direct closure, full-thickness)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)Repair of eyelid (BAA.MK.AA) correctly targets the eyelid with a repair action, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture technique, wound recency, direct closure, and full-thickness involvement; ICHI does not encode these surgical specifics.
56358006 (Suture of recent wound of eyelid, direct closure, partial-thickness)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyelid in general, which encompasses suture closure, but ICHI does not distinguish between partial-thickness versus full-thickness closure or the "recent wound" qualifier, making the ICHI code broader.
112729008 (Suture of wound of coxofemoral joint capsule)maps to wider conceptMLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint)MLJ.MK.AA covers repair of the hip joint broadly and is the closest available code for suturing the coxofemoral (hip) joint capsule; however, ICHI does not isolate the joint capsule specifically as a sub-target, making it broader.
47520009 (Suture of wound of forefoot)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI has no forefoot-specific repair code; the best structural match is repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which encompasses the forefoot but is broader in anatomical scope.
288086009 (Suture open wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Suture open wound" is a non-site-specific procedure that maps to the NEC repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue category; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous repairs and does not isolate suture as the specific repair technique.
439760002 (Taking an impression for creation of custom ear prosthesis)maps to wider conceptCAA.AB.AH (Size measurement of external ear, not elsewhere classified)Impression-taking for a custom ear prosthesis is fundamentally a dimensional/shape measurement of the external ear to create a fabrication mould; CAA.AB.AH is the closest available concept, though broader as it covers any size measurement of the external ear.
444326006 (Taking impression of chest for custom breast implant)maps to wider conceptPAE.AB.AH (Measurement of chest)Taking a physical impression of the chest to size a custom breast implant is a form of body measurement of the chest wall; PAE.AB.AH is the closest ICHI code, but is broader because it encompasses any chest measurement and does not specify the purpose of implant fabrication.
225997002 (Taking wound swab)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)A wound swab is a surface specimen collection to obtain microbiological material from a wound; ICHI lacks a wound-specific or swab-specific specimen collection code, so PZX.AH.ZZ is the best available match, though broader.
252573007 (Taub test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The Taub test (Motor Activity Log) assesses voluntary use of an impaired upper limb following neurological injury; MVD.AC.ZZ captures this functional domain, though broader since it is not specific to upper limb use or the constraint-induced movement therapy context.
386639001 (Termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NME (Interventions on uterus)ICHI has specific codes for termination of pregnancy by oral medication (NME.DB.AC) and by hysterotomy (NME.JE.AA), but the SNOMED concept is a generic category covering all methods. No single ICHI category code covers termination of pregnancy without specifying route/method, so the parent block "Interventions on uterus" is assigned as a wider grouping.
439413006 (Thoracoscopy with control of traumatic hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)JCH.AE.AB represents thoracoscopy of the thoracic cavity but does not encode the specific purpose of hemorrhage control; ICHI has no code combining thoracoscopy with hemostasis or bleeding control in the chest, so the plain thoracoscopy code is the closest available match but is broader than the SNOMED concept.
45782002 (Thrombectomy with catheter of axillary artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from the upper limb artery, which encompasses the axillary artery; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any upper limb artery rather than the axillary artery specifically, and does not distinguish the catheter-based thrombectomy technique.
71335008 (Thrombectomy with catheter of axillary vein by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb)The ICHI code covers all veins of the upper limb (open approach), correctly encompassing the axillary vein and arm incision approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the axillary vein alone. The action — open extraction of obstruction (thrombus via catheter) — maps well.
64622008 (Thrombectomy with catheter of femoropopliteal vein by leg incision)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)IFD.JE.AA covers extraction of any obstruction from any lower limb vein via open approach, which encompasses the femoropopliteal vein thrombectomy via leg incision. ICHI does not distinguish the specific vein segment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
48195000 (Thrombectomy with catheter of innominate artery by thoracic incision)maps to wider conceptIDA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of thorax)ICHI IDA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstructions (including thrombus) from any thoracic artery via open approach, which matches the catheter thrombectomy via thoracic incision of the innominate artery; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all thoracic arteries and does not specify the innominate artery or catheter technique.
21841006 (Thrombectomy with catheter of mesenteric artery by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA captures open arterial obstruction removal from abdominal or pelvic arteries, which encompasses catheter-assisted thrombectomy of the mesenteric artery via abdominal incision; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not distinguish thrombectomy from endarterectomy.
42471000 (Thrombectomy with catheter of popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstructions from any lower limb artery, which includes catheter thrombectomy of the popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery via leg incision; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all lower limb arteries without specifying the popliteal-tibio-peroneal territory or catheter technique.
24262002 (Thrombectomy with catheter of radial artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers open arterial obstruction removal from any upper limb artery via open approach, encompassing catheter-assisted thrombectomy of the radial artery by arm incision; the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the radial artery specifically nor the catheter technique.
50086002 (Thrombectomy with catheter of renal artery by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA covers open removal of obstructions from abdominal or pelvic arteries, which includes catheter thrombectomy of the renal artery via abdominal incision; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not only the renal artery) and does not distinguish thrombectomy with catheter from other endarterectomy.
8760004 (Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from any upper limb artery, which is broader than the subclavian artery specifically, and does not capture the catheter technique or the arm incision approach. ICHI has no dedicated subclavian artery thrombectomy code at finer granularity.
3758004 (Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by neck incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for open thrombectomy of the subclavian artery, but it is broader in target (all upper limb arteries) and does not distinguish the neck incision access route from other open approaches.
82417006 (Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by thoracic incision)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA is the closest available code for open subclavian artery thrombectomy regardless of access route, and ICHI does not encode the thoracic incision approach as a distinct dimension at this level.
71000002 (Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian vein by arm incision)maps to wider conceptICD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb)ICD.JE.AA semantically aligns well with catheter thrombectomy of the subclavian vein (extraction of obstruction, open approach), but it is broader in target (all upper limb veins) and does not encode the arm incision access route specifically.
52155000 (Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian vein by neck incision)maps to wider conceptICD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb)ICD.JE.AA is the closest ICHI code for open subclavian vein thrombectomy, being broader in anatomical target and not distinguishing the neck incision from other open approaches.
7218004 (Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)HIC.JE.AA matches the target (inferior vena cava) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the open abdominal incision approach. No more specific open surgical code exists for this vessel.
50487004 (Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by leg incision)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)The leg incision approach suggests access via the femoral vein to reach the inferior vena cava; HIC.JE.AA captures the extraction of obstruction from that vessel but is broader because it does not differentiate by surgical access route.
405596009 (Thrombolysis of iliac artery via femoral artery catheter)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)The iliac artery is anatomically an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.DB.AF captures both the target and the action (thrombolysis, percutaneous/endovascular); the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the femoral artery catheter as the delivery route, a detail not encoded in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
405356008 (Thrombolysis of lower limb artery via brachial artery catheter)maps to wider conceptIFA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb)IFA.DB.AF correctly captures the target (lower limb artery) and the action (thrombolysis), but does not encode the specific access route via brachial artery catheter that is part of the SNOMED concept's meaning, making the ICHI code broader.
231358001 (Topical local anesthetic to wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AH captures the topical/external route of administration to the skin surface, which corresponds to application to a wound, but the ICHI code does not specify the substance type (local anesthetic) or the target condition (wound), making it broader.
398189002 (Tracheobronchial lavage via suction catheter)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JA.AC (Other lavage of bronchus and trachea, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures lavage of the bronchus and trachea, which aligns with the tracheobronchial territory and the washing action of the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the suction catheter means or distinguish this from other lavage methods.
232616006 (Tracheostomy toilet)maps to wider conceptPTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy)"Tracheostomy toilet" refers to routine cleaning and clearing of secretions from a tracheostomy stoma and tube, which falls within tracheostomy management; however, the ICHI code encompasses all management activities (not just cleaning), making it broader than this specific nursing procedure.
1287654009 (Transcatheter replacement of mitral valve bioprosthesis)maps to wider conceptHDF.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter mitral valve replacement)HDF.DN.AF covers transcatheter mitral valve replacement in general and does not distinguish between replacement of a native valve and replacement of a previously implanted bioprosthesis (valve-in-valve), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1231286004 (Wide local excision of lesion of breast using magnetic seed marker)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)ICHI captures the core procedure (local excision of a breast lesion) but does not encode the guidance technique (magnetic seed / Magseed localisation), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No breast-specific ICHI code exists that captures image-guided or marker-guided localisation.
1351741009 (Ab externo canaloplasty of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Canaloplasty restores aqueous outflow by dilating Schlemm's canal, which aligns with the ICHI action "facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber"; however, the ICHI code does not encode the ab externo surgical approach or the left-eye laterality (which would require an extension code), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1351774009 (Ab externo canaloplasty of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Canaloplasty dilates and stents Schlemm's canal to facilitate aqueous humor outflow — a circulation-facilitating procedure in the anterior chamber — but ICHI does not distinguish ab externo vs ab interno approach, nor laterality at the code level. BBE.LI.AA is the closest structural and functional match in ICHI's anterior chamber block.
1351643003 (Ab interno canaloplasty of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab interno canaloplasty also targets Schlemm's canal to restore aqueous outflow, mapping to the same ICHI anterior-chamber circulation-facilitation code; ICHI is broader because it does not encode the specific ab interno surgical approach or the laterality (left eye).
1351645005 (Ab interno canaloplasty of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Same as the left-eye ab interno variant — the procedure and target are identical; the only SNOMED granularity absent from ICHI is the ab interno approach qualifier and right-eye laterality, both of which ICHI does not encode at code level.
235517002 (Ablation of celiac plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)The celiac plexus is part of the sympathetic/autonomic peripheral nervous system and ablation is a form of destruction; ICHI's peripheral nerve destruction code (open approach) is the best structural match but is considerably broader — it does not specify the celiac plexus as the target or the ablation modality. The sympathetic system blocks in ICHI (ADB–ADE) cover cervical/thoracic/lumbar/sacral chains but have no dedicated celiac/splanchnic entry, making ACA.GA.AA the most appropriate available code.
448125005 (Ablation of neoplasm of bile duct using laser)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)KCM.GA.AD covers destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct endoscopically, which is the predominant route for laser ablation of bile duct neoplasms, but the code does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to neoplasm, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
447383005 (Ablation of stricture of urethra using laser)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)NAM.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of urethral lesion or tissue — the standard approach for laser treatment of urethral strictures — but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to a stricture, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
243069004 (Abuse counseling)maps to wider conceptVB1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about violence-related behaviours, unspecified)ICHI has no specific "abuse counselling" code; this code covers counselling within the violence/abuse behaviours domain but is broader, encompassing all violence-related behaviours without specifying the type of abuse or counselling focus.
370881007 (Abuse prevention assessment)maps to wider conceptVB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified)This is the closest ICHI code — an assessment in the violence/abuse behaviours domain — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the assessment is oriented toward prevention and does not restrict to "violence-related behaviours" (which may not cover all forms of abuse).
229433001 (Accessory mobilization of the hyoid)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of head or neck joint)ICHI has no code for hyoid-specific mobilization; the hyoid block (MAH) only contains excision and suspension procedures, so the head/neck joint manipulation code is the nearest available, covering the anatomical region but broader than the specific manual therapy technique applied to the hyoid bone.
229422004 (Accessory mobilization of the sacrococcygeal joint)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of pelvic region)The sacrococcygeal joint lies within the pelvic region musculoskeletal structures, making this the most precise available ICHI code, though it is broader as it encompasses any joint of the pelvic region and does not distinguish accessory mobilization from other manipulation techniques.
229431004 (Accessory mobilization of the thyroid cartilage)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of head or neck joint)The thyroid cartilage is a laryngeal cartilage in the head/neck region; ICHI does not have a specific code for thyroid cartilage mobilization, but MAJ.PB.AH (mobilisation of a head or neck joint/articulation) is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any head or neck joint rather than the specific cricoarytenoid or cricothyroid articulation targeted in accessory mobilization of the thyroid cartilage.
134185000 (Accident prevention)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VC1 (Interventions on safety-related behaviours)ICHI has no single assignable category code for "accident prevention" as a generic concept; the closest structural home is the block BlockL3-VC1 (Interventions on safety-related behaviours), which encompasses the full range of prevention activities across road, workplace, home, and water safety. Assigning the block is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category rather than a specific procedure.
306910000 (Acid etch splinting of teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Acid etch splinting is a technique in which an etched composite resin splint is bonded to teeth to provide stabilization; ICHI does not have a specific code for this procedure, but KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device, within Interventions on teeth) is the closest match as it covers application of any dental device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the acid-etch bonding technique or the splinting purpose.
127785005 (Active or passive immunization)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)ICHI's most granular vaccination codes (DTB.VD.AC oral, DTB.VD.AE percutaneous) cover active immunization by route, and DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of immunological agents (which can represent passive immunization with immunoglobulins), but no single ICHI code jointly represents both active and passive immunization as the SNOMED concept does; DTB.VD.AE is taken as the representative code, with the SNOMED concept extending beyond it to also include passive immunization.
228573002 (Activity scheduling)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Activity scheduling" is a specific cognitive-behavioural technique of structuring a patient's activities over time, which is subsumed under ICHI's "Individualised planning" (PZB.TB.ZZ, whole-person planning action); the ICHI code is broader as it covers any form of individual care planning, not specifically behavioural activity scheduling.
14985009 (Add tooth to existing partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI does not have a specific code for adding a tooth to an existing partial denture; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the broadest applicable category covering modification or maintenance of external dental appliances, but it encompasses far more than just adding a tooth unit to a partial denture.
288097009 (Adipose tissue reduction operation)maps to wider conceptLZZ.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's LZZ.LL.AA covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue (which includes adipose tissue) in a body-site-unspecified residual category, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; liposuction-specific site codes exist but the SNOMED concept is not site-specific, so the NEC residual code is the best fit.
234874003 (Adjust acrylic component of orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI does not distinguish orthodontic appliance adjustment as a separate code; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest match as it covers maintenance/management activities on external dental appliances, but it is considerably broader and does not specify adjustment of an acrylic orthodontic component specifically.
10996005 (Adjust complete denture, lower)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external dental appliance, which includes adjusting a lower complete denture, but it does not distinguish the arch (lower vs. upper) or the type of appliance (complete denture vs. other). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
8973006 (Adjust complete denture, upper)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Same reasoning as for the lower denture — KAE.SM.AC encompasses management of external dental appliances without specifying arch or appliance type, making it broader than this SNOMED concept for an upper complete denture.
234859000 (Adjust fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Fixed orthodontic appliances (brackets, wires) are external dental appliances attached to the teeth, so their adjustment falls within KAE.SM.AC, but the ICHI code covers all external tooth appliances and does not capture the fixed orthodontic specificity.
234875002 (Adjust functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptMAG.SM.AH (Management of external appliance of mandible)Functional orthodontic appliances primarily work by repositioning the mandible rather than acting directly on teeth, making MAG.SM.AH (management of external appliance of mandible) a closer anatomical and functional fit than the tooth-targeted KAE.SM.AC; however the ICHI code still does not specify the orthodontic nature of the appliance, making it broader.
234869006 (Adjust neonatal orthodontic plate)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)The ICHI code covers management (including adjustment) of external dental appliances, which encompasses an orthodontic plate, but does not capture the neonatal patient specificity nor the plate as a distinct device type. The ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any external tooth appliance in any patient population.
234876001 (Adjust orthodontic headgear)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Orthodontic headgear is an external craniofacial-dental appliance whose primary clinical purpose is tooth and jaw repositioning, making "Management of external appliance of tooth" the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish headgear from other external dental appliances, and headgear also involves extraoral (cranial/cervical) anchoring not reflected in the tooth-only target axis.
284553009 (Adjust orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)An orthodontic retainer is directly an external appliance of the teeth, and "Management of external appliance of tooth" captures the action of adjusting it well. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify retainer as the device type or orthodontic retention as the clinical purpose.
234865000 (Adjust palatal arch)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A palatal arch is an orthodontic appliance anchored to the teeth and spanning the hard palate, making "Management of external appliance of tooth" the best available match. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the palatal location or the arch wire device type, and no more specific palate-tooth appliance management code exists in ICHI.
69989002 (Adjust partial denture, lower)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A partial denture is an external removable prosthetic dental appliance, and adjusting it falls within "Management of external appliance of tooth." The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish partial dentures from other external tooth appliances, nor does it capture the lower jaw (mandibular) laterality.
15216004 (Adjust partial denture, upper)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of any external dental appliance, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an upper partial denture specifically. No ICHI code exists for partial denture adjustment alone, making this the closest available match within the dental interventions block.
234870007 (Adjust removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the best available ICHI code for adjusting a removable orthodontic appliance, as ICHI has no dedicated orthodontic appliance adjustment code; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of dental appliance management rather than specifically removable orthodontic devices.
233415005 (Adjustment of arterial stent)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for adjusting or managing an arterial stent; IZE.SN.AF covers management of a vascular device NEC, which is the closest match but is broader because it applies to any vascular device in any blood vessel, not just arterial stents specifically.
238315007 (Adjustment of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.SN.AH (Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.SN.AH covers management of any internal device placed within the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses adjustment/repositioning of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to dialysis catheters or to the chronic ambulatory modality.
427442004 (Adjustment of dental crown to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Fitting or adjusting a dental crown to a tooth is a restorative dental procedure, and KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the best available match; however it is broader, covering all forms of tooth restoration rather than specifically crown fitting/adjustment.
233440003 (Adjustment of intraluminal device of vein)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF is the best available match for managing/adjusting an intraluminal device within a vein, but it is broader because it is not restricted to venous vessels and covers any vascular device NEC rather than specifically intraluminal venous devices.
399097000 (Administration of anesthesia)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AC (Inhalational anaesthesia)ICHI offers no route-unspecified "administration of anaesthesia" category; PZA.DC.AC (inhalational) and PZA.DC.AF (intravenous) are the only whole-body anaesthesia codes, both narrower in route than the generic SNOMED concept, so the SNOMED source is broader than any available ICHI target — PZA.DC.AC is selected as a representative code with "wider" equivalence reflecting that the SNOMED concept subsumes it.
47451004 (Administration of electrolytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for electrolyte administration; PZA.DA.ZZ covers administration of nutritional substances (including minerals/electrolytes) to the whole body but is broader, as it encompasses all nutritional requirements rather than electrolytes specifically.
871564005 (Administration of essential fatty acid)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)Essential fatty acids are nutritional substances, and PZA.DA.ZZ is the residual ICHI category for administering nutritional requirements to the whole body; it is wider because it covers all nutritional substances, not just essential fatty acids.
182944009 (Administration of iodized salt)maps to wider conceptUAB.VI.ZZ (Fortification of staple foods)Iodized salt is the primary real-world example of staple food fortification, and UAB.VI.ZZ directly represents this public health intervention; the ICHI code is wider because it covers fortification of any staple food, not only iodized salt specifically.
1287209003 (Administration of mitotic inhibitor)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no drug-class-specific administration codes (no chemotherapy, antineoplastic, or mitotic inhibitor categories), so PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match; it is wider because it covers administration of any pharmacotherapy, not specifically mitotic inhibitors.
406152008 (Admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers a general health assessment of the whole person (unspecified means), which encompasses the clinical activities performed at admission; however, ICHI does not encode the "admission" context specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
716275008 (Adolescent health screen)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI code — it covers comprehensive assessment of the whole person — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a screening examination targeted at the adolescent age group; ICHI has no age-group-specific or screening-specific counterpart for this.
243769006 (Adrenal vein sampling catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)Adrenal vein sampling involves catheter-guided collection of blood from the adrenal veins to measure hormone levels; the closest ICHI code is DIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood), which captures the specimen-collection action but is broader — it does not specify the adrenal vein site, the catheterisation means, or the diagnostic purpose. ICHI has no dedicated code for selective adrenal venous sampling.
370877007 (Adult day center assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is a general whole-person health assessment with no specificity to a day centre setting or adult population, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is anchored to a particular care setting (adult day centre). No ICHI code captures the day-centre-specific context, so this is the closest available match.
34538004 (Advancement of round ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)Advancement (shortening/repositioning) of the round ligament is a classic surgical technique used to achieve uterine suspension and correct uterine retroversion; NME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension) is the closest ICHI category, but it is broader as it encompasses any method of suspending the uterus, not exclusively round ligament advancement. No more specific ICHI code for round ligament manipulation exists.
169394006 (Afterload radiotherapy of oropharyngeal cavity)maps to wider conceptKAR.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx)KAR.GA.AA covers destruction of oral pharyngeal tissue by any modality (open approach), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies afterload (high-dose-rate brachytherapy) as the technique. No ICHI code exists specifically for radiotherapy/brachytherapy of the oropharynx, so this broader destruction code is the best available match.
288836004 (Agreeing on elements of the care plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised (person-level) planning as a whole-person intervention, which broadly encompasses negotiating and agreeing on a care plan with a patient; however, it does not capture the specific collaborative "agreeing" act described in the SNOMED concept, making it a broader match.
386509000 (Airway management)maps to wider conceptJZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the respiratory system, voice and speech, unspecified)Airway management is a broad clinical category spanning assessment, insertion of airways, suctioning, ventilation, and positioning; no single ICHI code captures this composite concept, and the unspecified respiratory-system residual code is the broadest available container, though it substantially overshoots in scope.
395142003 (Allergy screening test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no specific "allergy test" code; "Test of functions of the immunological system" is the closest match because allergy testing evaluates immune/hypersensitivity responses, but the ICHI code is broader, covering any immunological function test rather than allergy-specific screening.
711189009 (Allotransplantation of meniscus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MMD (Interventions on knee meniscus)ICHI has no dedicated transplantation code for the meniscus — the MMD block covers all interventions on knee meniscus (division, procurement, excision, repair, meniscoplasty) but lacks a transplantation/allograft category. The block is the best available anchor, broader than the specific SNOMED allotransplantation concept.
185406000 (Ambulance request for patient)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI has no code specifically for requesting or dispatching an ambulance; UEP.TI.ZZ is the closest available concept, though it is broader and covers all referral types rather than ambulance dispatch specifically.
707739007 (Ambulating with assistance of one person)maps to wider conceptSJA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with walking)SJA.RB.ZZ captures providing practical (physical) support to enable walking, which semantically matches assisted ambulation; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the number of assistants.
707741008 (Ambulating with assistance of team of people)maps to wider conceptSJA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with walking)SJA.RB.ZZ is the best available match for team-assisted ambulation; ICHI does not distinguish between single-person and team-assisted walking support, so the code is wider than this more specific SNOMED concept.
707740009 (Ambulating with assistance of two people)maps to wider conceptSJA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with walking)SJA.RB.ZZ captures practical (physical) support during walking; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the number of assistants (two people), making the SNOMED concept a more granular instance.
408817009 (Amniotomy at delivery)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)Amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes) is the principal surgical method used in surgical induction of labour; ICHI has no more specific code for amniotomy alone, and the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all surgical induction methods, not just membrane rupture.
400053006 (Amputation of limb)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JN.AA (Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has site-specific amputation codes (humerus, forearm, above-knee, below-knee, foot, etc.) but no single code for amputation of a limb generically; MZZ.JN.AA is the residual "not elsewhere classified" amputation code, broader than the SNOMED concept.
444156006 (Analysis of genome using heteroduplex technique)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PYA (Interventions on genome)ICHI contains no assignable code for any specific genomic analysis technique; the block "Interventions on genome" is the only structural match and encompasses all genome interventions including analysis, broader than this technique-defined SNOMED concept.
443880003 (Analysis of genome using melting curve technique)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PYA (Interventions on genome)ICHI has no assignable code for melting curve analysis of the genome; the block "Interventions on genome" is the only applicable grouping and is broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept.
443967002 (Analysis using amplification refractory mutation system PCR)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PYA (Interventions on genome)ICHI does not represent PCR-based or mutation-detection techniques at the code level; the block "Interventions on genome" is the closest applicable level and is semantically broader than this specific ARMS-PCR technique.
444152008 (Analysis using chain termination sequencing technique)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PYA (Interventions on genome)Chain termination (Sanger) sequencing is a specific DNA analysis method with no corresponding ICHI assignable code; the block "Interventions on genome" covers all genomic interventions and is the only available ICHI mapping, broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept.
444076003 (Analysis using real time PCR)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)Real-time PCR (qPCR) is a specific nucleic acid amplification technique; ICHI's XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly without distinguishing the real-time/quantitative method variant, making it the closest available match but broader than the SNOMED concept.
444077007 (Analysis using reverse transcriptase PCR)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) converts RNA to cDNA before amplification, used primarily for RNA virus detection; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique, and XG4U02 is the closest concept but broader and does not capture the RT step or RNA target specificity.
410272009 (Anatomy/physiology education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptPM (Education)ICHI's PM action code represents "Education" as a broad intervention category applied across body system targets, but there is no single assignable category code covering anatomy/physiology education generically; PM is broader as it encompasses all education interventions regardless of topic.
3090000 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of lower limb artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy followed by graft replacement, a specific reconstructive technique; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of artery of lower limb broadly, making the ICHI code wider.
11242008 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of thoracic artery)maps to wider conceptIDA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of thorax)IDA.ML.AA encompasses reconstruction of any thoracic artery by any technique, while the SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy with graft replacement; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
425211006 (Anger management education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions generally and does not distinguish anger; no single ICHI code represents the combined education-guidance-counselling bundle, so the ICHI code is broader.
225321003 (Anger management training)maps to wider conceptAUD.PH.ZZ (Training of emotional functions)AUD.PH.ZZ covers training of emotional functions broadly without specifying anger as the targeted emotion, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
88859007 (Angiectomy with graft replacement of upper limb artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICA.ML.AA encompasses reconstruction of upper limb artery by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies angiectomy with graft interposition; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
401221002 (Ankle brachial pressure index)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ICHI's "Measurement of blood pressure" captures blood pressure measurement generally but is broader than ABPI, which is a specific bilateral comparison of ankle and brachial systolic pressures.
58204008 (Annuloplasty)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)Annuloplasty is valve-annulus repair applicable across all cardiac valves, but ICHI provides only valve-specific repair codes; the block "Interventions on heart valves" is the best non-valve-specific representation.
53310009 (Anoscopy with coagulation for control of hemorrhage of mucosal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction (which subsumes coagulation) of anal lesion or tissue, but does not specify the hemorrhage-control indication or anoscopic approach explicitly, making it broader.
312404004 (Antenatal blood tests)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection as a general act, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the antenatal period; no ICHI code combines blood collection with a pregnancy-specific context.
2601000112106 (Antenatal fetal health surveillance)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AI.ZZ broadly covers monitoring within the pregnancy context but encompasses all pregnancy-related monitoring rather than fetal-specific surveillance, making the ICHI code wider.
252948004 (Antepartum cardiotochogram)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)A cardiotocogram is a specific antepartum monitoring technique measuring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions; ICHI lacks a dedicated CTG code, making the pregnancy-monitoring code broader.
1370906007 (Anterior decompression of cervical spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)"Release of spinal cord" is the closest ICHI concept to anterior cervical decompression, but ICHI does not specify the anterior approach or cervical level, making it broader.
298672007 (Anterior decompression of shoulder joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.FC.AA (Release of shoulder joint)"Release of shoulder joint" is the best ICHI equivalent for anterior decompression of the shoulder; ICHI does not capture the anterior approach specificity, making it broader.
1197223002 (Anterior palatoplasty)maps to wider conceptKAS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft palate)Anterior palatoplasty is a surgical repair targeting the anterior palate region; KAS.ML.AA captures palate reconstruction broadly without specifying anterior versus posterior or hard versus soft palate.
397560006 (Anterior stromal corneal puncture)maps to wider conceptBBB.FA.AA (Incision of cornea)Anterior stromal corneal puncture (used for recurrent erosion syndrome) is a form of corneal incision; ICHI does not distinguish puncture from incision or specify stromal depth/anterior approach, making it broader.
788325009 (Anterior vertebral body tethering)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)Anterior vertebral body tethering implants a flexible cord anchored by screws into vertebral bodies for scoliosis correction; ICHI's NEC spinal device implantation code is broader, covering any spinal device implant.
265725006 (Anterolateral release of spinal deformity and fusion)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept combines anterolateral soft-tissue release and spinal fusion; ICHI captures only the fusion component under its NEC residual code, making the ICHI code broader and incomplete.
308117007 (Antianginal therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Antianginal therapy is pharmacological management of angina; ICHI has no cardiovascular drug-specific code, so providing medications is the closest available code but is far broader than the angina-specific therapeutic intent.
308116003 (Antihypertensive therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Antihypertensive therapy denotes pharmacological management of elevated blood pressure; ICHI has no drug-treatment category for hypertension, so providing medications is the closest but far broader code.
1303772009 (Aortic valve reconstruction with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium)maps to wider conceptHDE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of aortic valve)HDE.ML.AA captures the target (aortic valve) and action (reconstruction) precisely, but does not specify the means material — glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium — making the ICHI code broader.
77476009 (Application of back brace)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)A back brace is a form of external immobilisation device applied to the spine; the ICHI code covers all spinal external immobilisation without specifying region or device type, making it broader.
112720007 (Application of body cast, shoulder to hips)maps to wider conceptPAA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to trunk)The SNOMED concept specifies a cast applied from shoulder to hips, while ICHI covers any external immobilisation device applied to the trunk without specifying device type or extent, making it broader.
439847000 (Application of clubfoot cast)maps to wider conceptPND.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to foot)ICHI captures the foot target and external immobilisation action but does not encode that the device is specifically a cast for clubfoot correction, making it broader.
239694007 (Application of collar and cuff sling)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A collar and cuff sling is a specific upper-limb fabric sling supporting the forearm; PMA.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the upper limb generally, making it broader.
85694002 (Application of dressing, soft cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)A soft cast is a specific cast variant; ICHI's PZX.LC.AH is the only cast/splint application code and is broader in both device type and body site (unspecified).
712499007 (Application of focused rigidity cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)A focused rigidity cast is a specific cast subtype targeted to a specific anatomical area; PZX.LC.AH is broader in both rigidity type and body site.
430779007 (Application of functional brace)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)A functional brace is an orthotic assistive product permitting controlled movement; PZX.DP.AH covers any unspecified body site, making it broader in both product specificity and anatomical site.
127599007 (Application of hip spica cast)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint)MLJ.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the hip joint and does not distinguish cast type (spica vs other), making it broader than the specific hip spica cast.
440490004 (Application of long arm cast)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A long arm cast immobilises the entire upper limb spanning multiple anatomical levels; no single body-part-specific ICHI code covers this multi-segment extent, so the NEC upper limb code is the best fit but broader.
63097004 (Application of long leg cast)maps to wider conceptPNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)A long leg cast is a specific plaster/fibreglass immobilisation device spanning the entire lower limb from thigh to foot, which maps well to the lower limb immobilisation category; however, ICHI does not distinguish cast type or the multi-segment (thigh-to-foot) extent, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
430362004 (Application of lower extremity splint)maps to wider conceptPNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)A lower extremity splint is a specific type of external immobilisation device applied to the lower limb; PNA.LC.AH captures the correct anatomical region (lower limb) and action (application of external immobilisation device), but does not specify splint vs. cast or the sub-region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
225074002 (Application of lubricant to lips)maps to wider conceptLAA.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no lip-specific topical substance application code; LAA.DB.AH (external application of substance to skin/subcutaneous tissue of head or neck) is the closest available code, covering the anatomical region and action, but it is far broader — encompassing all substances applied to any head/neck skin rather than specifically lubricant to lips.
1285452004 (Application of orthodontic headgear)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Orthodontic headgear is an external orthodontic appliance that attaches to teeth/jaw to influence skeletal growth; KAE.LC.AC (application of dental device) is the closest ICHI code, but it encompasses all dental devices and does not distinguish the external/extra-oral nature or the orthodontic skeletal-correction purpose of headgear.
180289009 (Application of plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH explicitly names "cast or splint" as the intervention type with no anatomical site specified, which closely parallels the SNOMED concept of applying a plaster cast without a specified location; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints and any site, while the SNOMED concept specifies the material (plaster) but no site.
439303004 (Application of rigid total contact leg cast)maps to wider conceptPNC.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower leg)PNC.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower leg, which includes casts but does not capture the specific "total contact" (TCC) technique used for diabetic foot offloading; the ICHI code is therefore broader and less precise than the SNOMED concept.
438409006 (Application of short arm cast)maps to wider conceptPMC.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to forearm)PMC.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device (including casts) to the forearm region, which is the primary anatomical target of a short arm cast; however, the ICHI code does not specify the "cast" subtype or that it also immobilises the wrist, making it somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept.
437955002 (Application of short leg cast)maps to wider conceptPNC.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower leg)PNC.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower leg, which aligns well anatomically with a short leg cast (below-knee to foot); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all device types (not just casts) and does not distinguish partial versus total contact variants.
1237000 (Application of sugar tong cast)maps to wider conceptMFB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of forearm)A sugar tong cast is a specific U-shaped cast immobilising the forearm and wrist (applied for distal radius fractures), while ICHI's code covers application of any external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the cast type or that the wrist is also immobilised. The ICHI code is thus broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
66057005 (Application of support hose)maps to wider conceptPNA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)Support hose (compression stockings) are assistive/supportive products applied to the lower limb, fitting the ICHI concept of installing an assistive product to the lower limb; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering any assistive product to the entire lower limb rather than specifically graduated compression hosiery to the leg.
239689007 (Application of thumb spica strapping)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to finger or hand joint)A thumb spica strapping immobilises the thumb and the first carpometacarpal/interphalangeal joints, which aligns with external immobilisation of a finger or hand joint; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any finger or hand joint and does not distinguish strapping from other immobilisation devices or the thumb specifically.
239693001 (Application of triangular sling)maps to wider conceptPMA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A triangular sling is a supportive device applied to the upper limb to immobilise or rest the arm, fitting the ICHI concept of installing an assistive product to the upper limb; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product to the entire upper limb rather than specifically a triangular bandage sling.
430354007 (Application of upper extremity splint)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)PMA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device (which includes splints) to the upper limb as a whole, making it a reasonable match; however, it is a residual "not elsewhere classified" code that is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a splint specifically rather than the full range of external immobilisation devices.
427996005 (Application of vacuum splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH is the only ICHI code covering splint application without an anatomical specification; it captures the splint application action but is broader because it does not distinguish the vacuum technique, nor does it specify a body site — which the SNOMED concept also omits, making this the closest available match.
180317000 (Application of Zimmer splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)A Zimmer splint is a specific brand of foam-padded immobilisation splint applied without specifying body site; PZX.LC.AH is the only ICHI code for splint application not tied to a specific anatomical location, making it the best available match, though it is broader as it encompasses casts and all other splint types.
404636007 (Argon laser trabeculoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Argon laser trabeculoplasty improves aqueous humour outflow through the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber angle, which maps functionally to facilitating circulation in the anterior chamber of the eye. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the laser modality, the argon energy source, or the specific trabecular meshwork target.
183681001 (Arrange meals on wheels)maps to wider conceptUAB.RD.ZZ (Providing food)"Meals on wheels" is a home food delivery service for people unable to prepare their own meals, which falls within the scope of providing food as a health-related environmental intervention. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the community home-delivery arrangement, coordination, or the target population specificity of the SNOMED concept.
1287762006 (Arsenic compound therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Arsenic compounds (e.g., arsenic trioxide) are used as antineoplastic medications and ICHI has no specific code for this drug class or for chemotherapy in general; the closest available code is the broad "Providing medications" under the environment/products block. This is a very imprecise match as it captures only the medication-provision aspect without any clinical specificity about arsenic, route, or therapeutic intent.
1287761004 (Arsenic therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Arsenic therapy (a broader concept than arsenic compound therapy) has no specific ICHI code; like its sibling concept, the best available code is the generic "Providing medications" under products and technology interventions. The mapping is highly imprecise as ICHI lacks any code for arsenic-based or chemotherapeutic drug administration at a clinically meaningful level of specificity.
392248001 (Arterial cannula insertion)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)Insertion of an arterial cannula is a percutaneous procedure that introduces a device into an artery, which aligns well with IZA.DL.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device inserted into any unspecified artery by a percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the device type (cannula) without specifying the artery location.
312831006 (Arterial cannula procedure)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)A cannula is a device inserted into an artery, and the percutaneous transluminal approach matches the typical technique; however, the ICHI code covers insertion of any device into any artery NEC, making it broader than this specific procedure type. No dedicated "arterial cannulation" category exists in ICHI.
87050008 (Arteriectomy with graft replacement of head and neck artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of head and neck)Arteriectomy with graft replacement is a form of arterial reconstruction (excision of a segment followed by graft interposition), and IBA.ML.AA sits in the correct anatomical block (head and neck artery); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all reconstruction types, not just those involving arteriectomy specifically.
1335783004 (Arthrodesis of first metatarsophalangeal joint and replacement of lesser metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of foot or toe)The SNOMED concept describes a dual-procedure combining arthrodesis of the first MTP joint with prosthetic replacement of a lesser MTP joint, but ICHI has no code capturing both components together and lacks a dedicated first MTP arthrodesis code. MOJ.LE.AA covers the arthrodesis component at the correct anatomical level; the joint replacement component cannot be combined into a single ICHI code, so the best single code is broader than the full SNOMED concept.
1231395009 (Arthroplasty of joint using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptMRJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no standalone "arthroplasty with robotic assistance" code; robotic assistance is captured as an extension code appended to a base code, and arthroplasty (joint replacement) maps most closely to "implantation of device into joint." MRJ.DN.AA is the unspecified-site equivalent and is broader as it encompasses all joints and does not encode the robotic-assistance modality on its own.
74253001 (Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint with allograft)maps to wider conceptMAJ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of joint of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated TMJ arthroplasty-with-allograft code; the closest available code is MAJ.ML.AA (reconstruction of joint of head or neck), which captures the reconstructive nature of the procedure. The base ICHI code is broader because it covers any joint of the head or neck and any reconstruction technique, with the allograft material noted only via an extension code.
31740007 (Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint with autograft)maps to wider conceptMAJ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of joint of head or neck)As with the allograft variant, ICHI has no dedicated TMJ arthroplasty-with-autograft code; MAJ.ML.AA (reconstruction of joint of head or neck) is the best available match for TMJ arthroplasty. The base code is broader as it encompasses any reconstruction technique and any joint of the head or neck, with the autograft tissue source noted only via an extension code.
76034000 (Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of lunate)maps to wider conceptMGB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no specific code for prosthetic replacement of the lunate bone; MGB.DN.AA covers device implantation into any bone of the hand or finger, which is broader than the lunate-specific carpal bone prosthesis. The lunate, as a carpal bone, falls within the hand musculoskeletal block, making this the closest available code.
67201000 (Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of trapezium)maps to wider conceptMGB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no specific code for trapezium arthroplasty; MGB.DN.AA covers device implantation into any bone of the hand or finger and is the nearest available code, as the trapezium is a carpal bone at the base of the thumb within the hand musculoskeletal block.
449247005 (Arthroscopic release of capsule of elbow joint)maps to wider conceptMEJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of elbow joint)ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the elbow joint generally, without distinguishing that the specific structure released is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader.
449362005 (Arthroscopic release of capsule of hip joint)maps to wider conceptMLJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of hip joint)ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the hip joint generally, without specifying that the released structure is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader.
449246001 (Arthroscopic release of capsule of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of knee joint)ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the knee joint generally, without specifying that the released structure is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader.
5570001 (Arthrotomy for infection with exploration and drainage of carpometacarpal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.JB.AA (Drainage of finger or hand joint)The carpometacarpal joint is a joint of the hand, and MGJ.JB.AA covers drainage of any finger or hand joint. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the infectious indication, includes arthrotomy and exploration as part of the procedure, and targets the specific carpometacarpal joint rather than any hand or finger joint.
58533008 (Artificial insemination)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)Artificial insemination (introduction of sperm into the uterus) is the primary procedure captured under uterine reproductive transfer procedures in ICHI, but the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses other uterine transfer interventions (e.g., embryo transfer) and does not distinguish the insemination technique or sperm source.
302257006 (Arts-based therapy)maps to wider conceptXG0NM7 (Art therapy)XG0NM7 "Art therapy" is an ICHI extension code under the "Creative therapy" block and is closely aligned, but "arts-based therapy" is a broader category that encompasses art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, and dance/movement therapy, whereas XG0NM7 refers specifically to visual art therapy. The SNOMED concept is therefore broader than this ICHI code.
391897002 (Aspiration curettage of uterus for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)"Suction curettage of uterus" is the standard ICHI term for aspiration (vacuum) curettage of the uterus and matches the procedural technique precisely, but the ICHI code does not encode the clinical indication (termination of pregnancy), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies this indication.
238288000 (Aspiration of peritoneal drain)maps to wider conceptKMA.SN.AH (Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity)Aspiration of a peritoneal drain is a specific act of withdrawing fluid through an indwelling peritoneal drainage device, which falls under management of an internal device of the peritoneal cavity; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all management activities for peritoneal cavity devices, not just aspiration. No narrower ICHI code for aspiration specifically through a peritoneal drain exists.
59858002 (Assembly and operation of pump with oxygenator or heat exchanger with monitoring)maps to wider conceptPSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)PSA.DD.AF covers cardiopulmonary bypass as a whole, which is the clinical procedure that the SNOMED concept describes (assembling and operating the pump-oxygenator circuit). The ICHI code is broader in that it does not capture the specific monitoring or heat exchanger components that the SNOMED term enumerates.
310218003 (Assess tooth mobility)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no code specific to assessing tooth mobility; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the best available code under the "Interventions on teeth" block and would encompass mobility assessment as one component of a dental examination, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
711284007 (Assessment by uniprofessional team)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not distinguish team composition (uniprofessional vs. multiprofessional) in its coding structure; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest whole-person assessment code and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the assessment is performed by a single-profession team.
707206008 (Assessment for bariatric surgery)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no code specific to pre-surgical bariatric assessment or obesity surgery evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available assessment code and subsumes the concept, but covers the full population rather than being specific to bariatric surgical candidacy.
792900002 (Assessment for breast reconstruction)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has LCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast) for the procedure itself but no dedicated pre-procedure assessment code for breast reconstruction; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the only available assessment code that can cover this concept, though it is far broader than the SNOMED term.
1366726007 (Assessment for clinical trial)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no code for clinical trial eligibility screening or enrolment assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the only available code that could encompass a structured health assessment performed for any purpose, but it does not capture the research/trial-enrolment context at all.
445966008 (Assessment for home oxygen therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has PZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy) for the treatment itself but no code for pre-therapy assessment or home oxygen prescribing evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the nearest available code but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
1285609007 (Assessment for intimate partner abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)VBB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of family and partner violence behaviours broadly, which includes intimate partner abuse but is not restricted to it. The SNOMED concept is narrower in scope (intimate partner specifically, and framed as abuse rather than the broader violence behaviour construct).
428342003 (Assessment for long term oxygen therapy)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The SNOMED concept describes a specific eligibility assessment to determine suitability for long-term oxygen therapy, which is a respiratory clinical decision; JTB.AA.ZZ captures the respiratory function assessment domain but is broader, encompassing any assessment of respiration rather than one specifically oriented toward oxygen therapy candidacy.
711380001 (Assessment for minor surgery)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no pre-operative or surgical fitness assessment code; the closest available code is the general health assessment of the whole person, which is substantially broader than a targeted pre-surgical evaluation for minor procedures.
413292001 (Assessment for referral)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a code for an assessment conducted specifically to determine whether a referral is needed; the only referral-related code (UEP.TI.ZZ) represents the act of referring rather than the preceding assessment, so the general health assessment is used as the broadest reasonable approximation.
710855004 (Assessment for sign of discomfort)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)Discomfort is a closely related but broader sensory experience than pain; AXA.AA.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for assessing this class of unpleasant sensory experience. ICHI has no dedicated discomfort assessment code, so pain assessment is used as the closest available approximation.
707999001 (Assessment for sterilization procedure)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)No ICHI code specifically represents a pre-sterilization assessment; the closest available code covers assessment of fertility-related functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any fertility function assessment, not solely a workup prior to a sterilization procedure.
707998009 (Assessment for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has no code specific to a pre-abortion or pre-termination assessment; the code for assessing pregnancy-related functions is the best available fit. It is wider because it applies to any assessment of pregnancy function, not exclusively assessment prior to termination.
712533008 (Assessment of ability to perform caretaking)maps to wider conceptSPD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assisting others)"Caretaking" — caring for dependents such as children or elderly — aligns most closely with ICHI's "assisting others" target (SPD) under the domestic life domain, but ICHI's concept is broader, covering any form of assisting others and not specifically the dependent-care role implied by caretaking.
445344009 (Assessment of ability to perform peak flow technique)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)Peak flow measurement is a specific test of maximal expiratory airflow, but ICHI has no dedicated peak flow code; the assessment of respiration function code covers respiratory function assessment broadly. The SNOMED concept also emphasises assessment of the patient's ability to perform the technique itself, which is captured at a coarser level by this ICHI code.
710831009 (Assessment of adherence to immunization regime)maps to wider conceptVDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of immunisation behaviours)VDA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunisation behaviours broadly, sitting within the "Interventions on health service-related behaviours" block; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting adherence to an immunization regime rather than immunisation behaviours generally.
396079007 (Assessment of adverse drug reactions)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (within the "Interventions on medicaments" block), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on assessing adverse drug reactions; no more precise ICHI code for adverse reactions exists.
710832002 (Assessment of aggressive behavior)maps to wider conceptATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)Aggressive behaviour falls under temperament and personality functions in ICHI's mental functions hierarchy, making ATH.AA.ZZ the closest available code; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers the full domain of temperament and personality rather than aggression specifically.
709264002 (Assessment of allodynia)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)Allodynia is a specific pain phenomenon (pain from normally non-painful stimuli), whereas AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain in general. ICHI has no more specific code for allodynia assessment, making the pain assessment code broader than the SNOMED concept.
710841007 (Assessment of anxiety)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Anxiety is a specific emotional state; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly (which includes anxiety, depression, fear, etc.). No ICHI code specific to anxiety assessment exists, so the emotional functions assessment code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
709263008 (Assessment of appetite)maps to wider conceptATI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of energy and drive functions)Appetite is classified under energy and drive functions in ICF/ICHI, and ATI.AA.ZZ is the closest available code; however, it encompasses all energy and drive functions (motivation, appetite, impulse control) rather than appetite alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
710833007 (Assessment of attitude toward disease)maps to wider conceptUD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attitudes, unspecified)UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes in general (an environmental factor in ICHI covering societal and individual attitudes), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a patient's attitude toward their own disease. No more specific ICHI code for attitude toward disease exists, so this is a broader match.
710836004 (Assessment of attitude toward nutritional status)maps to wider conceptUD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attitudes, unspecified)ICHI has no code specific to attitude toward nutritional status; UD1.AA.ZZ is the best available match covering attitudes in general, making it broader than this more specific SNOMED concept. An alternative candidate (VEA.AA.ZZ — assessment of eating behaviours) was considered but relates to behaviour rather than attitude, making UD1.AA.ZZ the better fit semantically.
709265001 (Assessment of attitude toward operation)maps to wider conceptUD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attitudes, unspecified)UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes broadly in the environment chapter (targeting societal/contextual attitudes), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to a patient's attitude toward a surgical operation. ICHI has no code specific to attitudes toward medical procedures or surgery, so this broader "unspecified" attitudes assessment is the closest available match.
710837008 (Assessment of attitude toward treatment regime)maps to wider conceptUD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attitudes, unspecified)The SNOMED concept specifies attitude toward a treatment regime (a patient-specific clinical context), but ICHI only offers assessment of attitudes in an unspecified/general form within the environment chapter. No more granular ICHI code exists for attitudes toward therapeutic regimens.
713128006 (Assessment of body image)maps to wider conceptAUL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of experience of self and time functions)Body image is a component of the ICF/ICHI construct "experience of self and time functions" (AUL), which covers how a person perceives and experiences their own body and self in time. AUL.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses the full domain of self/time experience rather than body image specifically.
733919004 (Assessment of body movement)maps to wider conceptMV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)MV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of movement functions generally within the musculoskeletal chapter, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on body movement as a physical activity assessment. It is the closest available ICHI category but encompasses all movement function assessments not classified elsewhere, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
840302009 (Assessment of bronchial blood flow and volume)maps to wider conceptJT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for bronchial blood flow and volume assessment; the bronchial artery codes cover only interventional procedures, not functional haemodynamic assessment. JT2.AA.ZZ, covering assessment of respiratory system functions not elsewhere classified, is the best available match but is considerably broader than the specific haemodynamic measurement described in the SNOMED concept.
710839006 (Assessment of cardiac status using monitoring device)maps to wider conceptHT2.AB.AH (Other nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies assessment of cardiac status using a monitoring device, implying a measurement-based approach; HT2.AB.AH covers nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements not elsewhere classified, which captures device-based cardiac measurement but is broader in scope, also encompassing vascular measurements and multiple measurement types beyond status monitoring.
719892007 (Assessment of chest drain swinging and bubbling)maps to wider conceptJZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no specific code for chest drain assessment — the pleural cavity block (JCB) contains only drainage and device management codes with no assessment category. JZZ.AA.ZZ (assessment of respiratory system, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is substantially broader, covering any respiratory system assessment rather than the specific clinical observation of chest drain swinging and bubbling.
1306597004 (Assessment of osteoporosis)maps to wider conceptMRB.AC.BA (Bone mineral density studies)Osteoporosis is assessed primarily through bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, making MRB.AC.BA the closest functional match. However, the ICHI code is broader in that it covers BMD studies for any indication (fracture risk, monitoring, etc.), not specifically osteoporosis assessment.
709497004 (Assessment of peristomal skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers assessment of skin and subcutaneous tissue generally (not elsewhere classified), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the peristomal region; there is no ICHI code specific to stoma-adjacent skin.
711049001 (Assessment of physiological status)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Physiological status assessment implies a broad evaluation of body system functions, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader in scope and not limited to physiological parameters specifically.
710345009 (Assessment of postpartum breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of breastfeeding behaviours in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that is specifically scoped to the postpartum period. The postpartum specificity is not captured in ICHI.
719303004 (Assessment of pregnancy status prior to imaging)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of pregnancy-related functions, but it does not capture the specific clinical context of safety screening before a diagnostic imaging procedure. The "prior to imaging" qualifier and safety-screening purpose are lost.
711047004 (Assessment of preoperative neurological status)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a neurological assessment, but it is broader — ICHI does not represent the preoperative context or the specific timing qualifier that distinguishes this assessment from a general neurological evaluation.
396070006 (Assessment of provision of Patient Bill of Rights)maps to wider conceptSXK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of enjoying human rights)SXK.AA.ZZ assesses a person's engagement with human rights broadly, which encompasses the concept of a Patient Bill of Rights as a specific instance of health-related rights provision. ICHI has no code specific to patient rights or patient advocacy rights assessment, so this is the closest match, but it is broader in scope.
709499001 (Assessment of psychological response to ostomy)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)ICHI has no code for assessing psychological or emotional response specifically in the context of an ostomy; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions generally, which is the closest functional category to evaluating a patient's psychological response. The stoma-specific block (PTD) only offers a physical assessment of the stoma itself (PTD.AA.ZZ), not a psychological one, making AUD.AA.ZZ the better conceptual fit albeit broader.
710569007 (Assessment of psychological response to pain)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ sits within the "Interventions on pain" block and covers assessment of the pain target broadly, which subsumes but does not specifically isolate the psychological dimension of the pain response. No ICHI code exists for the psychological or affective component of pain assessment in isolation, making this the best available match despite being broader than the SNOMED concept.
733863009 (Assessment of readiness for self-management)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self care broadly across all self-care activities, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about readiness (motivational/behavioural readiness) for self-management of a health condition. ICHI does not have a dedicated "readiness" assessment concept, making this the closest available code but broader in scope.
709507008 (Assessment of readiness for smoking cessation)maps to wider conceptVAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of tobacco use behaviours)VAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of tobacco use behaviours generally, sitting within the Interventions on tobacco use behaviours block, which is the most appropriate ICHI home for this concept. The SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing specifically on readiness (motivational stage) for cessation rather than assessment of tobacco use behaviour broadly.
711052009 (Assessment of response to education)maps to wider conceptSA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of learning and applying knowledge, unspecified)SA1.AA.ZZ captures the functional domain most relevant to evaluating whether a patient has absorbed and can apply knowledge from an educational intervention. The SNOMED concept is narrower in that it specifically evaluates the response/outcome of a health education session, whereas SA1.AA.ZZ more broadly assesses learning and applying knowledge as an activity.
444009006 (Assessment of rheumatoid arthritis)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a disease-specific assessment code for rheumatoid arthritis; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available code within the musculoskeletal system chapter and serves as the NEC residual category for musculoskeletal assessment. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, targeting a named autoimmune condition.
709516007 (Assessment of sadness)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions as a category within the specific mental functions block, which is the most precise ICHI code for this domain. Sadness is one emotional function among many, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets a single named emotional state.
711045007 (Assessment of school health service)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)UEP.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health services, systems and policies broadly, without restriction to any specific setting such as schools; the SNOMED concept is explicitly scoped to the school health service context, making the ICHI code substantially broader.
710559001 (Assessment of self esteem)maps to wider conceptAUL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of experience of self and time functions)AUL (experience of self and time functions) is the closest ICHI mental-functions target and encompasses constructs like self-concept, self-esteem, and body image; however, it is broader than self-esteem alone, covering temporal self-experience and related functions beyond just self-worth.
710558009 (Assessment of self image)maps to wider conceptAUL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of experience of self and time functions)Self-image (one's perception of oneself) falls within the ICHI domain of "experience of self and time functions," which is the most specific available mental-functions category for self-related constructs; the ICHI code is nevertheless broader, encompassing temporal experience and self-concept more generally.
870422002 (Assessment of self management of diabetes mellitus)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)SM1.AA.ZZ targets assessment of self-care activities broadly without specifying any condition or disease; the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to diabetes mellitus self-management, so the ICHI code is considerably broader, lacking both the disease specificity and the management/behavioural focus implied by the SNOMED term.
1177155004 (Assessment of side effects of medication)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (target UAC = medicaments), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically focuses on assessing the side effects or adverse effects of medication. No ICHI code narrows to adverse effects / side effect assessment specifically, making this the closest available match.
1153455005 (Assessment of signs and symptoms of infection)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a code specifically for assessing signs and symptoms of infection; infection-related codes in ICHI focus on infection control measures rather than clinical sign/symptom assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, under the whole-person block) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any general health assessment rather than infection-specific clinical evaluation.
58341000087107 (Assessment of signs of fetal distress)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)NMR.AA.ZZ is the only general assessment code within the fetal/embryonic structure block and is the closest match, but it covers structural assessment broadly rather than specifically targeting signs of fetal distress (a functional/clinical status concept). No ICHI code for fetal wellbeing or fetal distress assessment exists; NMR.AI.AC (internal fetal monitoring) is a means-specific procedural code rather than a clinical assessment concept.
445221009 (Assessment of sleep pattern)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions broadly (the physiological domain), which is wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on sleep pattern specifically. Sleep pattern is one aspect of sleep functions, but the ICHI code does not distinguish pattern from other sleep function assessments such as duration or quality.
428211000124100 (Assessment of substance use)maps to wider conceptVA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.AA.ZZ is the generic unspecified substance-related assessment code and encompasses all substance types as well as addictive behaviours beyond substance use (e.g. gambling), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses specifically on substance use. It is the best available match given that ICHI has no single "substance use assessment" code that excludes non-substance addictions.
711015009 (Assessment of symptom control)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no concept corresponding to symptom control assessment as a distinct entity; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ), which covers assessment of the whole person's health status, is the broadest applicable code. It is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns evaluating how well a patient's symptoms are being managed.
711011000 (Assessment of urinary status)maps to wider conceptNT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary functions broadly, which encompasses urinary status but is slightly wider in scope; the code best represents the general clinical concept of assessing a patient's urinary status overall.
718368004 (Assessment of urostomy irrigation)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma (not elsewhere classified under artificial body structures), which encompasses a urostomy but is broader — it does not specify urinary type and makes no reference to the irrigation aspect of the procedure. No ICHI code for urostomy irrigation assessment exists, making PTD.AA.ZZ the best available fit.
1231389008 (Assessment of use of complementary therapy)maps to wider conceptVE1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for complementary or alternative therapy use assessment; the V-range covers health-related behaviours and VE1 groups lifestyle-related behaviours, making VE1.AA.ZZ the most plausible home for assessing a patient's use of complementary therapies as a lifestyle/health behaviour. The match is wider because VE1.AA.ZZ covers all unspecified lifestyle behaviours, not specifically complementary therapy use.
445536008 (Assessment using assessment scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a code that represents use of a structured rating or assessment scale as a generic technique; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest whole-person clinical assessment code and is the closest analog for an unspecified scale-based assessment, but it does not encode the methodological aspect (use of a standardised scale) and is wider than the SNOMED concept.
838278005 (Assessment using eye tracking technology)maps to wider conceptBTF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye)Eye tracking technology measures ocular movement and gaze, which are functions of structures adjoining the eye (e.g., extraocular muscles and oculomotor control); BTF.AA.ZZ is the assessment code within the eye-functions block that best encompasses this. The match is wider because BTF.AA.ZZ covers all functions of adjoining eye structures and does not specify the technology or that the clinical purpose is gaze/movement tracking.
445987003 (Assessment using hand volumeter set)maps to wider conceptPMA.AB.AH (Measurement of upper limb, not elsewhere classified)A hand volumeter measures hand/finger volume by water displacement to quantify oedema — this is a measurement of the upper limb, which is the closest ICHI code available. ICHI does not have a code specific to hand volumetry, so PMA.AB.AH (topographic measurement of upper limb) is broader than the SNOMED concept's instrument-specific scope.
445993006 (Assessment using Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)The Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer is the standard instrument for assessing grip strength, which is a specific test of muscle power in the hand. ICHI's MUB.AC.ZZ captures the functional domain (muscle power testing) but is broader, covering any body region and not specifying the hand or the instrument.
866266005 (Assessment using nomogram)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A nomogram is a graphical calculation tool used to derive a predicted probability or clinical value from patient parameters; it is an instrument or method used within a broader clinical assessment. ICHI has no code for nomogram-based assessment nor for predictive scoring tools, so PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest available code and is considerably broader.
1303095006 (Assistance with application for adult day care program)maps to wider conceptUEO.RB.ZZ (Practical support about general social support services, systems and policies)Assisting a patient to apply for an adult day care program is a form of practical support in navigating social support services. ICHI's UEO.RB.ZZ captures this "practical support about social support services" action but is broader, as it does not distinguish the specific service type (day care) or that the action is helping with an application.
1254702005 (Assistance with application for adult learning center)maps to wider conceptUEQ.RB.ZZ (Practical support about education and training services, systems and policies)Assisting a patient to apply for an adult learning center is practical support within the education and training services domain, making UEQ.RB.ZZ a better fit than the general social support code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire education/training services category rather than the specific act of assisting with an application to a learning centre.
1300115005 (Assistance with application for basic skills training program)maps to wider conceptSTF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in vocational training)"Basic skills training" aligns most closely with vocational training in the ICHI S-chapter (major life areas / education). ICHI's code is wider because it covers all vocational training engagement, not just the application step for a basic skills program specifically.
1343659002 (Assistance with application for employment)maps to wider conceptSUD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with acquiring, keeping and terminating a job)Assisting a person to apply for employment is a concrete instance of practical support with acquiring a job; ICHI is wider because it also covers keeping and terminating a job, not just the application/acquisition step.
661891000124107 (Assistance with application for English as a second language program)maps to wider conceptST2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in education, not elsewhere classified)An ESL program is a form of education; no specific ICHI code exists for language learning programs, so the NEC residual code for practical support with education is the best available match, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1254703000 (Assistance with application for financial assistance program)maps to wider conceptSVG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in economic self-sufficiency)Helping someone access a financial assistance program is practical support aimed at economic self-sufficiency; ICHI is wider as it encompasses the broader goal of economic self-sufficiency rather than the specific act of applying for a financial assistance program.
1343612009 (Assistance with application for housing)maps to wider conceptSNC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with acquiring a place to live)Assisting with a housing application is a direct instance of practical support with acquiring a place to live; ICHI is wider because it covers all aspects of acquiring housing, not solely the application process.
1259977006 (Assistance with application for microenterprise development program)maps to wider conceptSVG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in economic self-sufficiency)Microenterprise development is a form of economic self-sufficiency support, and assisting someone to apply for such a program is a type of practical support within that domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all practical support for economic self-sufficiency, not specifically program application or microenterprise development.
1268692004 (Assistance with application for vocational education program)maps to wider conceptUEQ.RB.ZZ (Practical support about education and training services, systems and policies)Assisting with application to a vocational education program is a concrete instance of practical support related to education and training services. The ICHI code is broader, covering all practical support concerning education and training services/systems/policies rather than specifically program application assistance.
1268691006 (Assistance with application for vocational rehabilitation program)maps to wider conceptUER.RB.ZZ (Practical support about labour and employment services, systems and policies)Vocational rehabilitation programs aim to return individuals to work/employment, placing program application assistance squarely within labour and employment services. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all practical support regarding labour and employment services rather than specifically vocational rehabilitation program applications.
1254704006 (Assistance with application for workforce transition program)maps to wider conceptUER.RB.ZZ (Practical support about labour and employment services, systems and policies)Workforce transition programs are labour and employment services, and helping someone apply to such a program is practical support within that domain. The ICHI code is broader, covering the full range of practical support concerning labour and employment services rather than specifically workforce transition program applications.
1254701003 (Assistance with application to substance use disorder treatment program)maps to wider conceptUEP.RB.ZZ (Practical support about health services, systems and policies)A substance use disorder treatment program is a health service, and assisting with the application to enter it is practical support in navigating health services. The ICHI code is broader, covering all practical support concerning health services/systems/policies rather than specifically substance use disorder treatment program applications.
12091000202106 (Assistance with bedtime routine)maps to wider conceptSDG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with carrying out daily routine)"Bedtime routine" is a specific subset of daily routine; ICHI has no concept for bedtime or pre-sleep routine specifically, so SDG.RB.ZZ (practical support with carrying out daily routine) is the closest available code and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1269403001 (Assistance with completing documentation for legal guardianship)maps to wider conceptUEJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support about legal services, systems and policies)ICHI has no code specific to guardianship documentation; UEJ.RB.ZZ covers practical support within the legal services domain, which encompasses assistance with completing legal paperwork. The ICHI code is broader, covering all legal services support rather than guardianship documentation specifically.
1268728003 (Assistance with completing documentation to assign power of attorney)maps to wider conceptUEJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support about legal services, systems and policies)Like guardianship documentation, power of attorney documentation falls within the legal services domain, and UEJ.RB.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for practical support in that domain. No ICHI code exists for this specific legal instrument, so the broader legal services support code is the best available match.
1343657000 (Assistance with enrollment in school)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support with the broader activity of engaging in school education, of which enrollment is only one administrative step; there is no ICHI code specifically for enrollment assistance. This is the most specific and appropriate available code within the school education intervention hierarchy.
12101000202101 (Assistance with getting out of bed)maps to wider conceptSHG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with transferring oneself)"Getting out of bed" is a specific transfer activity, while ICHI's "transferring oneself" covers all transfers (bed to chair, floor to chair, etc.). SHG.RB.ZZ captures the assistance/practical support nature of the intervention but is broader than the specific bed-exit context.
713138001 (Assistance with mobility in bed)maps to wider conceptSHA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with changing body position)"Mobility in bed" (repositioning, rolling, sitting up in bed) is a subset of "changing body position," which also encompasses positional changes outside bed. SHA.RB.ZZ is the closest assignable code but is broader than the in-bed context of the SNOMED concept.
710804006 (Assistance with walking using device)maps to wider conceptSJA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with walking)SJA.RB.ZZ covers practical assistance with walking broadly, without specifying the use of an assistive device such as a cane, walker, or crutches. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the walking assistance as device-dependent.
243150007 (Assisted controlled mandatory ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC covers artificial/mechanical ventilation broadly under the respiratory function block, but does not distinguish between specific modes such as assisted controlled mandatory ventilation (AC/CMV); it is the closest and only assignable ICHI code for this category of intervention.
870391004 (Assisted ventilation in prone position)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI has no code for prone positioning during ventilation; JTB.DE.AC captures the ventilation component but omits the prone positioning aspect entirely, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. A complete representation would require combining JTB.DE.AC with PZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body).
735347009 (Assisting to stand for pressure area relief)maps to wider conceptLTC.LD.ZZ (Positioning to protect skin functions)LTC.LD.ZZ captures the clinical purpose of the act — positioning to protect skin/prevent pressure injury — which aligns with the goal of pressure area relief; however it does not specify the standing modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
226010006 (Assisting with eating and drinking)maps to wider conceptSMF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with eating)SMF.RB.ZZ covers practical support with eating, but the SNOMED concept also explicitly includes drinking (SMG.RB.ZZ). No single ICHI code covers both eating and drinking together, so SMF.RB.ZZ is the best primary code but is slightly narrower than the SNOMED term; from the SNOMED perspective the ICHI code can be supplemented with SMG.RB.ZZ for full coverage.
12371000202109 (Assisting with social interaction)maps to wider conceptSR1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.RB.ZZ covers practical support for the broad domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships, which encompasses social interaction but is broader than just "assisting" in the social interaction sense. The ICHI code is the closest available match under the Activities & Participation (S) section for this type of hands-on facilitation of social engagement.
370876003 (Assistive device provision management)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SM.ZZ covers the management of products and technology (the ICHI umbrella for assistive devices and related items), which aligns with the "management" dimension of the SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it encompasses all products and technology rather than specifically assistive devices, and does not explicitly encode "provision."
723069003 (Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy)maps to wider conceptKCA.JJ.AA (Partial hepatectomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for ALPPS (a two-stage procedure combining hepatic parenchymal partition with portal vein ligation); the closest single code is KCA.JJ.AA (partial hepatectomy, open), which captures the hepatic resection component but omits the portal vein ligation and the staged nature of the procedure. A complete representation would require combining KCA.JJ.AA with IEF.LA.AA (occlusion of portal vein and branches).
225188000 (Attaching stoma bag)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers management of a stoma broadly, which encompasses attaching/changing a stoma appliance as one component, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the bag-attachment action specifically and includes all other stoma management activities.
88109000 (Attachment of rectus eye muscle to frontalis)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)BDA.LC.AA covers fixation (attachment) of ocular muscles in general, which semantically encompasses attaching the rectus muscle to the frontalis for ptosis correction; however, it does not specify the frontalis as the anchoring point or the anti-ptosis intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
265220000 (Attention to component of connection from ventricle of brain)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)This SNOMED concept refers specifically to attention to a component of a ventriculoperitoneal or similar CSF shunt system; AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device within the cerebral ventricles, which is broader than the specific shunt component context implied by the SNOMED term.
302436000 (Attention to dressing of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DK.AH covers application of a wound dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue and is the best ICHI match for changing or attending to a skin dressing; however, it is broader because it encompasses the initial dressing application as well as renewal, and the "not elsewhere classified" residual character means it captures all unspecified skin sites.
290036002 (Attention to hearing aid)maps to wider conceptUAF.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for communication)"Attention to hearing aid" (checking, adjusting, repairing an external hearing aid) maps most closely to management of assistive communication technology in the UAF environment block. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any communication product/technology, not specifically hearing aids.
428619000 (Attention to hearing implant in external ear)maps to wider conceptUAF.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for communication)No ICHI code exists specifically for management of a hearing implant in the external ear — the external ear block (CAA) contains no SM/management code for an implanted device. The nearest reasonable option is UAF.SM.ZZ (management of communication assistive technology), which is substantially broader and does not capture the anatomical specificity (external ear) of the SNOMED concept.
173984004 (Attention to ileostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.KA.AC (Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)"Attention to ileostomy" encompasses monitoring, changing the appliance, managing the stoma site, and minor interventions — a broader set of activities than KBK.KA.AC, which specifically covers replacement of the tube or enterostomy device. No single ICHI code captures the full scope of routine ileostomy care/attention, making this the closest available match.
230945001 (Attention to intracranial pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers management of internal devices situated in the ventricles of the brain, which is the closest available ICHI category to attending to an intracranial pressure catheter. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any internal ventricular device, not specifically an ICP catheter, and ICP catheters may also be placed at non-ventricular intracranial sites (parenchymal, subdural).
230942003 (Attention to intracranial pressure transducer)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)As with the ICP catheter, AAE.SN.AA is the best available ICHI match for attending to an intracranial pressure transducer; the code is broader because it covers all internal ventricular devices and does not distinguish a transducer specifically, nor does it account for non-ventricular transducer placements.
302353008 (Attention to jejunostomy)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (an artificial intestinal opening), which directly encompasses jejunostomy care as a subtype. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any enterostomy (duodenostomy, ileostomy context within small bowel), not exclusively a jejunostomy.
225232000 (Attention to peritoneal drain)maps to wider conceptKMA.SN.AH (Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.SN.AH covers management of any internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of attending to a peritoneal drain. A drain is one type of internal device, so the ICHI code is wider, but it is the closest available specific anatomical match in ICHI.
175330009 (Attention to prosthesis of aorta)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no aorta-specific "management of device/prosthesis" code; IZE.SN.AF is the closest available code covering management of vascular devices not elsewhere classified, which encompasses an aortic prosthesis (graft or stent-graft) as a vascular device. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any vascular device, not specifically to the aorta.
235276001 (Attention to prosthesis within duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.KA.AD (Endoscopic replacement of duodenal device)"Attention to prosthesis" encompasses any management activity (inspection, adjustment, cleaning, replacement) of an existing duodenal prosthesis, whereas the ICHI code specifies only endoscopic replacement — making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No dedicated "management of duodenal device" code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available option.
235353001 (Attention to prosthesis within large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.KA.AD (Endoscopic replacement of colonic device)"Attention to prosthesis" is broader than "replacement" — it covers any management of the prosthesis in situ, not just replacement — so the SNOMED concept is wider than this ICHI code. No dedicated "management of colonic device" code was found; KBP.KA.AD is the closest available match for the large intestine.
235311002 (Attention to prosthesis within small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.KA.AC (Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers any form of attention to an existing small-intestinal prosthesis, while the ICHI code specifies only replacement of a tube or enterostomy device — a narrower and somewhat different device type. This is the closest code available in the small intestine block, but the SNOMED concept is semantically broader.
235243000 (Attention to prosthesis within stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device)"Attention to prosthesis" is broader than "replacement of gastric device," as it includes inspection, adjustment, or other management without necessarily replacing the device. KBF.KA.AC is the closest code in the stomach block but covers only the replacement aspect of prosthesis management.
177603009 (Attention to skin expander in subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.SN.AE explicitly covers management of an internal device within skin and subcutaneous tissue, which directly corresponds to attending to a tissue expander at that anatomical site. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any internal device in this tissue type, not specifically a tissue expander.
450333007 (Attention to ventriculoperitoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an internal device placed in the cerebral ventricles, so management/attention to it aligns with this code. However, ICHI does not capture the peritoneal destination of the shunt, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
450334001 (Attention to ventriculopleural shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)As with the ventriculoperitoneal variant, ICHI captures only the ventricular device management component and has no code that distinguishes a pleural from a peritoneal shunt destination, so the match is broader than the SNOMED concept.
443085007 (Augmentation of soft tissue of face using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant)maps to wider conceptLAA.LK.AA (Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The face is within the head/neck region and the procedure is an augmentation of subcutaneous tissue, making this a reasonable match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the implant material (ePTFE), the exact facial subsite, or confine the target to soft tissue exclusively.
38430001 (Autologous graft of ear cartilage to nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)Grafting ear cartilage to the nose is a form of nasal reconstruction, so this code captures the target site and operative intent. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the autologous nature of the graft, the cartilaginous graft material, or its auricular donor origin.
108259003 (Autopsy pathology procedure AND/OR service)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)PZA.AE.AA (Autopsy) is the only ICHI code for this procedure and maps directly to the core concept, but the SNOMED term specifically encompasses both pathology procedure and service components (AND/OR service), making the ICHI code broader in that it does not distinguish or encompass the service-delivery dimension.
85896002 (Avulsion of greater occipital nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)Avulsion (traumatic or surgical tearing away) of a nerve is captured in ICHI under excision of peripheral nerve, which is the closest procedural category; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any peripheral nerve and any excision technique, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the greater occipital nerve (C2 dorsal ramus) and specifically the avulsion technique. There is no specific occipital nerve excision code in ICHI.
66827002 (Avulsion of obturator nerve, extrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code that combines nerve avulsion with concomitant adductor tenotomy, nor a specific obturator nerve excision code; ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) captures the primary nerve component of this procedure, but is wider as it omits the obturator nerve specificity, the extrapelvic approach qualifier, and the associated adductor tenotomy component.
76165007 (Avulsion of obturator nerve, intrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)Identical reasoning to 66827002 — ICHI has no specific obturator nerve code nor a combined nerve avulsion plus tenotomy code; ACA.JK.AA is the best available match for the primary nerve procedure, but it is wider as it does not capture the obturator nerve specificity, the intrapelvic approach, or the associated adductor tenotomy.
59416008 (Avulsion of phrenic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for the phrenic nerve (a named peripheral nerve) nor for avulsion as a distinct action — avulsion is a form of forcible excision/tearing away of a nerve. ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) is the closest procedural match, but it is broader as it does not specify the phrenic nerve or the avulsion technique.
233044001 (Balloon atrial septostomy by pull-back)maps to wider conceptHAD.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication)HAD.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the interatrial communication (septostomy) — but does not encode the specific balloon pull-back (Rashkind) technique, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
386784009 (Balloon dilation of achalasia of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)The SNOMED concept specifies balloon dilation performed specifically for achalasia (a functional lower oesophageal sphincter disorder), whereas KBA.LG.AD covers any endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus regardless of indication or technique; ICHI does not capture the achalasia indication or the balloon-specific approach, making the ICHI code broader.
235264001 (Balloon dilation of duodenal stricture)maps to wider conceptKBI.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of duodenum)KBI.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the duodenum broadly without specifying that the target is a stricture or that the technique is balloon-based, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept; however it is the closest available match as it captures the same target organ and procedural action via the endoscopic route.
361233000 (Barrier nursing)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)Barrier nursing is a specific nursing practice involving physical barriers (gowns, gloves, masks) to prevent pathogen transmission, which is a subset of isolating a person for infection control; PZB.VE.ZZ is conceptually broader as it encompasses any form of person-level isolation for infection control purposes, not exclusively the bedside barrier-nursing approach.
762449006 (Behavioral counseling)maps to wider conceptVFZ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about other specified health-related behaviours)Behavioural counselling targets behaviour change broadly across any domain; VFZ.PP.ZZ (counselling about other specified health-related behaviours) is the most generic counselling-for-behaviour code available in ICHI and is semantically wider because the VFZ target axis explicitly scopes it to "other specified" health-related behaviours rather than all behaviours, yet no narrower unspecified-behaviour counselling code exists that better matches this concept.
384647004 (Bile duct stone removal)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bile duct)KCM.JE.AA directly represents extraction of a calculus (stone) from the bile duct, which is semantically equivalent to bile duct stone removal; it is coded as "wider" because ICHI also has more specific approach-coded variants (KCM.JE.AB laparoscopic, KCM.JE.AD via ERCP, KCM.JE.AF percutaneous) and the unqualified open code is broader than the SNOMED concept which does not specify approach.
1222890004 (Biliary drainage using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AF (Percutaneous drainage of bile duct)KCM.JB.AF (percutaneous drainage of bile duct) is the closest structural match — imaging guidance is the standard technique for percutaneous biliary drainage and the two concepts largely overlap, but ICHI encodes the approach (percutaneous, means axis AF) rather than explicitly naming the imaging modality, so the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it does not mandate imaging guidance as a named component.
119934002 (Biliary tract manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCM (Interventions on bile duct)There is no single ICHI category code for generic "biliary tract manipulation"; the block BlockL5-KCM (Interventions on bile duct) is the appropriate grouping covering the full range of bile duct interventions. The SNOMED concept is a broad, non-specific manipulation term, and no individual leaf code captures this without being more specific than the SNOMED intent.
269858003 (Biochemical evaluation of blood urea/renal function)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI has no dedicated code for blood urea or renal function biochemical testing; ETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions) is the closest conceptual match, as urea is a metabolic waste product and blood urea measurement is a general metabolic assessment. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all metabolic function assessment, not just renal/urea-specific evaluation.
1217005008 (Bioprosthetic transcatheter aortic valve implantation)maps to wider conceptHDE.DN.AE (Percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement)HDE.DN.AE is the best available ICHI code for transcatheter aortic valve replacement via a percutaneous approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the prosthesis type (bioprosthetic vs mechanical), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to bioprosthetic valves specifically.
62107003 (Bisection of stapes footplate with incus replacement)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)CBF.ML.AC (reconstruction of the ossicular chain, via conventional approach) captures the reconstructive/replacement component of the SNOMED procedure, but it encompasses any ossicular chain reconstruction and does not specifically encode the stapes footplate bisection nor the incus replacement as distinct steps. No narrower ICHI code exists for this combined stapedotomy-plus-incus-prosthesis procedure.
396550006 (Blood test)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers the blood specimen collection step that is central to any blood test, but "blood test" as a SNOMED concept encompasses the full analytical process (collection plus laboratory analysis), whereas ICHI represents only the collection act, making the ICHI code broader in one dimension but narrower in another — on balance, ICHI is wider as it does not encode the analytical intent.
275294003 (Blood volume estimation)maps to wider conceptDTA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of haematological system functions)Blood volume estimation is a specific quantitative measurement of circulating blood volume, while DTA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of haematological system functions broadly; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses many haematological assessments beyond blood volume measurement specifically.
410275006 (Bonding education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about parenting behaviours)VEJ.PP.ZZ covers counselling directed at parenting behaviours broadly, which encompasses parent-infant bonding as one of its targets; the SNOMED concept is more specific (bonding only, and combines education plus guidance plus counselling), so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
119965006 (Bone marrow incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DGA (Interventions on bone marrow)ICHI contains no specific incision (FA action) code under the bone marrow target (DGA); the parent block "Interventions on bone marrow" is the closest assignable grouping. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies incision as the operative action.
225361002 (Bowel care)maps to wider conceptKTK.ZZ.ZZ (Other interventions on defaecation function, not elsewhere classified)"Bowel care" is a broad nursing/rehabilitative concept covering management of defaecation function; ICHI's KTK block (Defaecation functions) under the digestive system interventions is the closest structural home, but the residual category KTK.ZZ.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept, which may encompass physical, pharmacological, or behavioural bowel management. No specific "bowel care" or "bowel management" code exists in ICHI.
410276007 (Bowel care education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptKTK.PM.ZZ (Education about defaecation functions)KTK.PM.ZZ covers education specifically about defaecation functions, which aligns well with the educational component of this SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED term bundles education, guidance, and counselling together, while ICHI separates these into distinct codes (KTK.PM.ZZ for education, KTK.PN.ZZ for advising), so the single ICHI code is wider in that it omits the counselling/guidance dimension — KTK.PM.ZZ is nonetheless the best single match given its specificity to defaecation.
58705005 (Bracht maneuver)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)The Bracht maneuver is a specific obstetric technique used to assist vaginal breech delivery by rotating and lifting the fetus; ICHI has no specific code for this maneuver or for assisted breech delivery, and the closest available code is the general vaginal delivery category NME.JF.AC, which is considerably broader. No assisted/operative vaginal delivery or fetal manipulation at delivery code exists in ICHI beyond general fetal rotation (NMR.LD.AC, which refers to antepartum version rather than intrapartum maneuvers).
108115001 (Brain manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AAA (Interventions on brain or cranial nerve)ICHI has no assignable category code for a generic "manipulation of brain" — the manipulation action (PA) in ICHI is limited to joint and intestinal contexts. The block BlockL4-AAA is the closest structural container, but covers all brain interventions, making it considerably broader than the specific concept of manual handling of brain tissue during surgery.
392089008 (Breast procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LCA (Interventions on breast)"Breast procedure" is a high-level SNOMED grouper covering all interventions on the breast, which maps naturally to the ICHI organisational block BlockL4-LCA "Interventions on breast." The ICHI block is broader than any single assignable category and serves as the appropriate structural equivalent for this non-specific grouper concept.
164790002 (Breath test)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)"Breath test" in clinical practice typically refers to specific diagnostic tests (e.g., urea breath test for H. pylori, hydrogen breath test for malabsorption) that are not individually represented in ICHI; JTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of respiration function broadly, which is the closest available code but encompasses a wider range of tests than the SNOMED concept intends.
26932001 (Bridge repair by report)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A dental bridge repair (restoring a fixed partial denture) falls within restorative dentistry on teeth; ICHI has no specific code for bridge (fixed partial denture) repair, so KAE.MK.AC is the best available match, though it is broader as it covers all tooth restoration procedures, not just bridge repair.
232598003 (Bronchoscopic destruction of lesion - laser)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)JBB.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of bronchial lesion, which matches the bronchoscopic route and destructive action, but does not specify the laser means. The ICHI code is therefore broader, subsuming all endoscopic destruction modalities including laser.
310469000 (Bronchoscopic gluing of fistula)maps to wider conceptJBB.MK.AD (Endoscopic repair of bronchus)No ICHI code exists for bronchoscopic fistula closure specifically; JBB.MK.AD is the closest structural match, covering endoscopic bronchial repair broadly, of which gluing a bronchial fistula is one technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to fistula closure or the glue/sealant means.
1222634007 (Bronchoscopy with biopsy of bronchus using electromagnetic navigation guidance)maps to wider conceptJBB.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus)JBB.AD.AD captures the core procedure — endoscopic (bronchoscopic) biopsy of the bronchus — but does not encode the electromagnetic navigation guidance that distinguishes this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader, applying to all endoscopic bronchial biopsies regardless of navigation technique.
128326008 (Bronchoscopy with surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)"Bronchoscopy with surgical procedure" is a SNOMED grouper for bronchoscopies that include a surgical component; JBB.AE.AD is the most appropriate ICHI code as a broad diagnostic/procedural bronchoscopy code, though it does not capture the surgical qualifier — making it wider relative to a fully unspecified surgical bronchoscopy grouper.
343977001 (Bundle of His pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)Bundle of His pacing is a specific physiological pacing technique targeting the His bundle within the cardiac conduction system, whereas this ICHI code covers any permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation without specifying the pacing site. No ICHI code captures the His bundle target specifically.
717278002 (Burn care management)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LZZ (Interventions on integumentary system, not elsewhere classified)Burn care management is a multi-component clinical activity encompassing dressing, debridement, skin grafting, infection control, and rehabilitation of the integumentary system after thermal injury; no single ICHI category code captures this composite concept, so the block representing unclassified integumentary interventions is the closest available representation.
236983009 (Burns Marshall maneuver)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)The Burns Marshall maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering the aftercoming head in a breech birth by swinging the infant in an arc, and is a component step within vaginal delivery; ICHI has no code specific to individual breech-delivery maneuvers, making vaginal delivery the closest enclosing procedural concept, though considerably broader.
241339008 (C14 PABA test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The C14 PABA test assesses pancreatic exocrine secretory function via measurement of PABA in urine after oral substrate ingestion, making it a functional test of the digestive system; ICHI has no pancreas-specific functional test code, so this residual category is the best available fit, though considerably broader.
785905003 (Cannula cricothyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)ICHI has no specific code for cricothyroidotomy (surgical opening through the cricothyroid membrane); the most appropriate anatomical match is JAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx), since the cricothyroid membrane is part of the laryngeal structure. This code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a cannula technique through a precise anatomical site.
233547003 (Cannulation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for cannulation of an arteriovenous dialysis fistula; IZD.DL.AA is the best available match, capturing the act of inserting a cannula/device into venous structure. It is wider because it does not specify the dialysis fistula context, the arteriovenous nature of the access, or that the target is a surgically created fistula.
233548008 (Cannulation of arteriovenous interposition graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for cannulation of an arteriovenous interposition graft; the closest code is "Management of arteriovenous shunt," which sits in the non-elsewhere-classified artery interventions block and covers AV access management more broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses a range of AV shunt management activities, not just cannulation of an interposition graft specifically.
40688006 (Cannulation of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.DL.AC (Insertion of nasoduodenal tube)ICHI has no explicit "cannulation of duodenum" code, but "Insertion of nasoduodenal tube" is the closest concept in the duodenum interventions block — both involve introducing a tube/cannula into the duodenum. The ICHI code is wider because it specifically denotes the nasoduodenal route, whereas the SNOMED concept is more general.
233550000 (Cannulation of subcutaneous reservoir)maps to wider conceptSN (Management of internal device)ICHI has no specific code for accessing (cannulating) a subcutaneous reservoir (e.g., Ommaya or implanted drug-delivery port). The closest conceptual match is the generic action axis code "Management of internal device" (SN), which broadly covers interactions with implanted devices, but is far broader than the specific act of inserting a needle into a subcutaneous reservoir.
397740001 (Cannulation of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)ICHI does not have a distinct "cannulation of trachea" code; the nearest code is JBA.DL.AC, which captures the most common form of tracheal cannulation. However, this ICHI code is restricted to endotracheal tube placement and does not cover other forms of tracheal cannulation (e.g., tracheostomy cannulas or percutaneous tracheal access).
78415004 (Capsular contracture release for Erb's palsy)maps to wider conceptMDJ.FB.AA (Division of joint capsule or cartilage of shoulder)MDJ.FB.AA captures the surgical division (release) of the shoulder joint capsule, which is the core operative procedure in a capsular contracture release for Erb's palsy; however, it does not encode the Erb's palsy aetiology or the broader soft-tissue context (muscles, ligaments), making it a wider match.
435581000124102 (Carbohydrate modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ represents any intervention that modifies food/diet content, which encompasses carbohydrate modification, but it is entirely non-specific as to which macronutrient or nutrient is being modified; the ICHI code therefore covers a much broader set of dietary interventions than this SNOMED concept.
40109000 (Carbon dioxide laser photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Photocoagulation is a destruction modality most commonly applied to the retina, and BCC.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for retinal tissue destruction; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser means (CO2 vs. argon vs. diode) nor is it restricted to photocoagulation only — and CO2 laser photocoagulation can also target non-retinal tissues.
410278008 (Cardiac care education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptHT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept combines three distinct activities — education, guidance, and counseling — for cardiac care, whereas the ICHI code covers only counselling for cardiovascular system functions. ICHI has separate codes for education (HT2.PM.ZZ) and advising (HT2.PN.ZZ), so no single ICHI code captures all three.
308118002 (Cardiac failure therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HT2 (Interventions on functions of heart or cardiovascular system)"Cardiac failure therapy" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any treatment directed at heart failure, and ICHI has no assignable category code for this; the block BlockL4-HT2 is the most appropriate organizational grouping that encompasses therapeutic interventions on heart functions.
5930003 (Cardiac monitor removal)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JD.AA (Removal of cardiac circuitry device)ICHI's "removal of cardiac circuitry device" covers implantable cardiac electronic devices broadly, which encompasses implantable cardiac monitors; however, the SNOMED concept of cardiac monitor removal may also include external monitors, making this the best available match. No dedicated ICHI code exists specifically for cardiac monitor removal as a standalone procedure.
870255009 (Cardiac resynchronization therapy)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)CRT is a specialised form of biventricular pacing device implantation (CRT-P or CRT-D), delivered percutaneously via endocardial leads; ICHI captures the device class (pacemaker/defibrillator) and approach but does not distinguish CRT from single- or dual-chamber devices, making the ICHI code broader.
718348005 (Cardiovascular care)maps to wider conceptIZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified)"Cardiovascular care" is a broad SNOMED grouper concept encompassing all health interventions on the cardiovascular system. IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the highest-level unspecified residual code for the entire circulatory system chapter in ICHI, making it wider than the SNOMED concept rather than equivalent, since ICHI lacks a dedicated "care" administrative grouper at this level.
107837009 (Cardiovascular system excision)maps to wider conceptIZE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering any excision of any cardiovascular structure (heart, vessels, valves, etc.), while IZE.JJ.AA covers only excision of blood vessels not elsewhere classified, making the ICHI code narrower in scope. No single ICHI category spans excision across the entire cardiovascular system; IZE.JJ.AA is the best residual vascular excision code available, but the SNOMED concept is wider, encompassing cardiac excisions (HAA.JJ.AA, HBA.JJ.AA, etc.) as well.
107836000 (Cardiovascular system incision)maps to wider conceptIZE.FA.AA (Incision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a system-wide grouper for all cardiovascular incisions (heart, aorta, coronary arteries, veins, etc.), whereas IZE.FA.AA captures only incisions of unspecified blood vessels. The SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing cardiac incisions such as HZZ.FA.AA (cardiotomy) and specific vessel incisions across the circulatory system; no single ICHI code spans all of these.
119761008 (Cardiovascular system repair)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED grouper covers any repair of any cardiovascular structure — heart, valves, septa, aorta, vessels — while IZE.MK.AA is limited to repair of unspecified blood vessels not elsewhere classified. Cardiac repairs (e.g. HZZ.MK.AA "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", HDE.MK.AA "Repair of aortic valve") are separate ICHI codes, so the SNOMED concept is wider than any single assignable ICHI code.
449107008 (Care of central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance/care of intravenous access broadly (venous, NEC), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a central venous catheter; the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the central venous route, but it is the closest available code in the vascular system's "maintenance" axis. IZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, NEC) was also considered but IZD.SN.AF more precisely captures the intravenous/catheter-care context.
225356004 (Care of equipment and devices)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of all products and technology (including health-related equipment and devices) at a broad environmental/assistive-technology level, which is the closest structural match in ICHI; the SNOMED concept of "care of equipment and devices" in a clinical/nursing context is broader than any single ICHI code, and UA1.SM.ZZ is itself an unspecified catch-all rather than a precise match.
737944006 (Care of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC (management of internal device for urinary bladder) broadly covers ongoing catheter management including maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of an indwelling urinary catheter, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of ongoing catheter care; however, the ICHI code encompasses any internal bladder device, not solely a catheter, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
225297008 (Care planning and problem solving actions)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Individualised planning" within the whole-person interventions block (PZB) covers the care planning dimension of this SNOMED concept well, but ICHI's code does not capture the problem-solving actions component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code combines planning and problem-solving; PZB.TB.ZZ is the closest available match.
392091000 (Care regimes assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"General health assessment" is the broadest whole-person assessment code in ICHI and is the best available match for assessing an established care regime; it is wider because it covers any type of general health assessment rather than being specific to evaluating care regimes.
67784006 (Caries susceptibility test)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no dedicated code for a caries susceptibility or caries risk test; the closest available code is the general "Dental examination" (KAE.AE.AC), which is broader than a targeted susceptibility test for dental caries.
23650000 (Cast post and core in addition to bridge retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A cast post and core build-up in addition to a bridge retainer is a specific dental restorative technique, while ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) covers all restorative procedures on teeth without distinguishing post-and-core methods or prosthetic superstructure type, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
8425006 (Cast post and core in addition to crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A cast post and core in addition to a crown is a specific sub-type of tooth restoration involving endodontic post placement and a coronal build-up prior to crown placement; ICHI "Restoration of tooth" subsumes this but does not distinguish the post-and-core technique or crown superstructure, making the ICHI code broader.
50022003 (Cast post as part of bridge retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Placing a cast post as part of a bridge retainer is a specific endodontic/restorative procedure providing anchorage for a fixed partial denture; ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) is the broadest applicable category but encompasses all restorative approaches without this level of specificity.
385468004 (Cataract extraction and implantation of intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI has no single combined code for cataract extraction with IOL implantation; BBF.JK.AA covers the extraction component (the primary operative step), while the IOL insertion (BBF.ML.AA) is a separate code. The SNOMED concept is more specific (combined procedure) than any single ICHI code, so the best available ICHI code is broader — the extraction step alone does not capture the full SNOMED intent.
473229000 (Catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic focus)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering percutaneous catheter-based ablation of the cardiac conduction system; however, SNOMED specifies ablation of an arrhythmogenic focus (a discrete ectopic source), which is narrower and more specific than the general "conduction system" scope in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
128952006 (Catheterization of both left and right heart with graft)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZZ.AB.AF precisely covers combined right and left heart catheterisation, matching the bilateral aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies "with graft" (i.e., catheterisation performed in the context of a bypass graft), which is not captured in the ICHI code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
4670000 (Catheterization of bronchus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBB (Interventions on bronchus)ICHI has no specific "insertion of catheter into bronchus" code — the bronchus intervention block covers the range of bronchial procedures but is a broader organisational grouping. No assignable category in ICHI directly represents bronchial catheterization.
9193007 (Catheterization of pancreatic cyst)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pancreas)Catheterization of a pancreatic cyst is specifically the placement of a drainage catheter into a cyst, while KCO.JB.AE covers any percutaneous drainage of the pancreas broadly (not limited to cysts); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best available match for the percutaneous approach to fluid removal from the pancreas.
54080001 (Cauterization of broad ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The broad ligament is a supporting structure of the uterus, so destruction of it falls within NME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures); however, the ICHI code encompasses the full uterus and all supporting structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the broad ligament.
83416007 (Cauterization of round ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The round ligament is one of the uterine supporting structures, so this procedure is captured under NME.GA.AA; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all uterine supporting structures rather than the specifically named round ligament.
224316005 (Cauterization of uterosacral ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The uterosacral ligament is a uterine supporting structure, making NME.GA.AA the closest available ICHI code; as with the other uterine ligament concepts, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the uterus and all its supporting structures collectively rather than the uterosacral ligament in isolation.
1197222007 (Cauterization of wart of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)A vaginal wart is a specific type of vaginal lesion, and cauterization is a means of destruction, so NMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina) is the best ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any destructive intervention on any vaginal lesion by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies wart (condyloma) as the lesion type and cauterization as the technique.
175793006 (Caval-mesenteric vein anastomosis)maps to wider conceptIZD.LB.AA (Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for a caval-mesenteric anastomosis; the portal vein block (IEF) covers portal vein interventions but not a direct caval-to-mesenteric anastomosis, and the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED) has no anastomosis code. IZD.LB.AA is the best available code but is broader, encompassing any venous anastomosis regardless of which specific veins are joined.
232652005 (Cavernostomizing of bulla of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.FA.AA (Incision of lung)Cavernostomizing of a pulmonary bulla involves surgically opening and marsupialization of the bulla cavity, which is most closely captured by incision of lung (JBF.FA.AA); no dedicated bulla or cavernostomy code exists in ICHI's lung parenchyma block. JBF.FA.AA is broader because it covers any incision of lung tissue, not specifically the opening/unroofing of a bulla.
234736000 (Cavity preparation of tooth - plastic restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Cavity preparation for a plastic (composite/amalgam) restoration is a key preparatory step that is an integral part of the restoration procedure; ICHI's KAE.MK.AC "Restoration of tooth" is the best match as it encompasses the full restorative intervention including cavity preparation, but it is broader because it covers all tooth restoration types and does not distinguish the preparatory drilling phase specifically.
234700003 (Cavity preparation of tooth - pulpal access)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)Cavity preparation for pulpal access is the initial step in gaining entry to the root canal system and is an integral precursor to root canal therapy; KAE.ML.AC "Root canal therapy" is the closest ICHI code encompassing this preparatory procedure, but it is broader as it represents the complete endodontic treatment rather than the cavity preparation step alone.
180893006 (Celiac plexus block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The celiac plexus is an autonomic (sympathetic) nerve plexus, and ICHI has no specific code for celiac plexus block — the sympathetic nerve block codes (ADB–ADE series) only cover cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels. ACA.DC.AE (injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve) is the closest available category, but it is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve rather than the celiac/coeliac plexus specifically.
231394002 (Celiac plexus chemical ablation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)Chemical neurolysis/ablation of the celiac plexus has no dedicated ICHI code; ICHI has no sympathetic plexus destruction category distinct from peripheral nerve destruction. ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destructive intent, but is broader since it applies to any peripheral nerve, not the celiac plexus specifically.
46681009 (Cerclage of cervix during pregnancy by abdominal approach)maps to wider conceptNMF.LL.AA (Transabdominal cerclage of cervix)NMF.LL.AA precisely matches the abdominal approach cerclage of the cervix; it does not restrict to the obstetric (during-pregnancy) context, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies performance during pregnancy.
1254694008 (Cerebellar function test)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no code specific to cerebellar function testing; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the residual neurological assessment category under the nervous system block and is the best available code, though it is substantially broader than a cerebellar-specific function test.
231061006 (Cerebrospinal fluid collection)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.XE (Specimen collection from spinal canal)ABG.AH.XE covers specimen collection from the spinal canal, which is the predominant route for CSF collection (lumbar/cervical/cisternal), but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the entire spinal canal rather than specifying CSF as the specimen type, and does not capture collection from ventricular or cisternal routes.
708967005 (Cervical cerclage of internal os during pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMF.LL.AC (Cerclage of internal cervical os)NMF.LL.AC precisely captures cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is the procedure performed, but the ICHI code does not specify the pregnancy context — it is therefore slightly broader in scope than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to the pregnant patient setting.
236967009 (Cervical ripening with ethinyl estradiol)maps to wider conceptNMF.LG.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal)ICHI does not have a dedicated cervical ripening code, nor any pharmacological/drug-administration category under the cervix block. Dilatation of cervical canal (NMF.LG.AC) is the closest structural intervention, but it is broader — it does not capture the pharmacological mechanism (ethinyl estradiol) or the preparatory/pre-labour intent of cervical ripening.
236966000 (Cervical ripening with Prostaglandin E2)maps to wider conceptNME.SH.AC (Medical induction of labour, per orifice)Cervical ripening with PGE2 is functionally a pharmacological pre-labour intervention administered per vagina; the nearest ICHI code is medical induction of labour per orifice, which covers intravaginal/intracervical drug-based induction. This is wider because it encompasses all medical induction agents and does not distinguish cervical ripening as a preparatory phase distinct from active induction.
236968004 (Cervical ripening with relaxin)maps to wider conceptNMF.LG.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal)As with ethinyl estradiol, ICHI has no pharmacological cervical ripening category; relaxin is a peptide hormone used to soften the cervix prior to labour, and NMF.LG.AC is the nearest mechanical/functional equivalent under the cervix block, though it omits the pharmacological means and preparatory context entirely.
308417000 (Cervical smear recall)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)A "cervical smear recall" is an administrative or public health action to invite a patient to attend for a repeat or overdue Pap smear — it is not the smear procedure itself. ICHI NMF.AH.XH represents the clinical smear procedure, which is broader than the administrative recall activity; no ICHI code for screening recall or patient notification exists in the classification.
238514005 (Chalazion removal)maps to wider conceptBAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eyelid)A chalazion is a localised meibomian gland lesion of the eyelid, and its surgical removal is a local excision of an eyelid lesion, which is exactly what BAA.JI.AA describes. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses excision of any eyelid lesion, not specifically a chalazion (meibomian cyst).
179227005 (Change of external fixator pin)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)An external fixator pin is a component of an external immobilisation device; changing/replacing a pin is captured under the ICHI "replacement" action applied to an external immobilisation device. The ICHI code is wider because it covers replacement of the entire device or any of its components at any site, not specifically a single pin exchange.
302618007 (Change of splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)Changing a splint is replacing an external immobilisation device; PZX.KB.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering replacement of an external immobilisation device at an unspecified site. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not distinguish between cast, splint, or other immobilisation device subtypes in this residual code.
225965002 (Changing bed linen)maps to wider conceptSOD.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of doing housework)Changing bed linen is a specific household/domestic task typically performed as part of nursing or carer assistance; the closest ICHI code is SOD.RA.ZZ, which captures the act of carrying out domestic/housework activities on behalf of a person. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all housework tasks, not specifically bed linen changes.
225719006 (Changing endotracheal tube)maps to wider conceptJBA.KA.AC (Replacement of tracheal device)"Replacement of tracheal device" encompasses the act of changing an endotracheal tube, but the ICHI code covers any tracheal device (stents, tubes), not exclusively endotracheal tubes. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
225180007 (Changing stoma appliance pouch)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Changing a stoma appliance pouch is a routine stoma management activity; ICHI has no dedicated code for pouch replacement specifically, so "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified" is the broadest applicable code that subsumes this activity.
225181006 (Changing stoma appliance seal)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Changing a stoma appliance seal (the adhesive wafer/flange) is a distinct but closely related stoma maintenance task; ICHI's residual "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified" is the only available code and is broader than this specific component-level intervention.
122279008 (Charcot-Leyden crystals identification)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)Charcot-Leyden crystal identification is performed via microscopic examination of specimens (sputum, stool, tissue), and XG69Q0 "Microscopy" is the closest ICHI extension code capturing the laboratory technique. ICHI has no specific code for crystal identification or eosinophil-derived crystal detection, making this a broader match.
9061001 (Check artificial pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)HFC.SN.AH is the closest ICHI match for a general pacemaker check, but it also covers cardioverter defibrillators, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to pacemakers. The ICHI code does not distinguish device type.
66718009 (Check artificial pacemaker by slew rate check)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)ICHI provides only a generic pacemaker/defibrillator function check with no code for the specific parameter of slew rate; HFC.SN.AH is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific sub-type of check.
33284002 (Check artificial pacemaker for amperage threshold)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)No ICHI code exists for checking amperage threshold specifically; HFC.SN.AH covers pacemaker function checks generically and is the most appropriate code, but it is broader than this parameter-specific SNOMED concept.
13756000 (Check artificial pacemaker for electrode impedance)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)ICHI has no specific code for electrode impedance measurement; HFC.SN.AH captures the broader pacemaker/defibrillator function check category under which electrode impedance testing falls, but it does not convey this specific parameter.
89511008 (Check artificial pacemaker for voltage threshold)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)Voltage threshold checking is a specific pacemaker parameter test with no dedicated ICHI code; HFC.SN.AH is the best available match as the generic pacemaker/defibrillator function check, but it is considerably broader than this SNOMED concept.
24395005 (Check artificial pacemaker for waveform artifact)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)HFC.SN.AH covers functional checking of a pacemaker or defibrillator system broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the narrower purpose of checking for waveform artifact specifically, and also includes defibrillators.
225101008 (Checking patency of urinary catheter tubing)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Checking catheter patency is a specific nursing assessment act performed on an indwelling urinary catheter. ICHI's "Management of internal device for urinary bladder" (action SN = management of internal device, target NAI = urinary bladder) is the closest available code, but it is broader, encompassing all management activities for a bladder device rather than the specific act of verifying flow/patency.
225959002 (Checking position of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for verifying catheter position; "Management of internal device for urinary bladder" is the best available match as it covers the broad class of activities performed on an in-situ bladder device, of which position checking is one specific act.
225140003 (Checking skin creases)maps to wider conceptLT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)"Checking skin creases" is a specific physical examination act (observing skin folds/creases, typically in neonatal or musculoskeletal assessment) that falls within the ICHI concept of observing skin functions. No ICHI code exists for skin crease inspection specifically, so the closest valid match is this residual observation-of-skin-functions category.
400950006 (Chemodenervation of orbicularis oculi)maps to wider conceptBAA.DB.AE (Injection into eyelid)Chemodenervation of the orbicularis oculi (typically botulinum toxin injection into the periorbital muscle) is a percutaneous injection targeting the eyelid/periocular area. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific chemodenervation purpose or the orbicularis oculi muscle as the precise target.
397833007 (Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, first stage)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Mohs micrographic surgery is primarily a staged local excision of skin lesions (predominantly on the head/neck) with intraoperative microscopic margin control; LAA.JI.AA captures the local excision of head/neck skin but does not encode the staged nature, the intraoperative histology, or the Mohs technique specifically.
65139003 (Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, second stage)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The second stage of Mohs surgery is another cycle of tissue excision and intraoperative microscopic margin evaluation; the same ICHI code for local excision of head/neck skin is the closest available match but is broader because it does not encode the staged procedural context or the Mohs technique.
15487002 (Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, third stage)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)As with the first and second stages, the third stage of Mohs surgery maps to the same local excision of head/neck skin code, which is the best available ICHI approximation; ICHI lacks the granularity to distinguish between procedural stages or the Mohs micrographic technique.
271454007 (Child at risk-case conference)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ Case coordination captures the organisational/care management function of a multidisciplinary case conference for a child at risk, but it is broader — it encompasses all case coordination activities for any patient and does not specify child safeguarding or the conference format that is central to the SNOMED concept.
308405002 (Child development recall)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly, which encompasses the clinical intent of a child development recall (a scheduled re-assessment of developmental progress). However, the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to children and does not encode the recall/follow-up scheduling aspect.
170245002 (Child examination: school screening)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specific to school-based child health screening; PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" is the closest match as it captures the assessment of overall health status that school screening entails. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any person and any setting.
183422002 (Child guidance therapy)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)Child guidance therapy is a structured therapeutic intervention addressing children's emotional, behavioural, and psychosocial difficulties, often involving family members. ATF.PP.ZZ "Counselling for global psychosocial functions" is the closest ICHI match capturing the psychosocial counselling dimension, but it is broader — not restricted to children and does not encode the multi-party (child/family) nature.
417334000 (Child health 21-24 months review)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)A 21-24 months child health review is a scheduled surveillance visit that primarily assesses developmental milestones and growth, making ETM.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it is not age-specific and does not encode the periodic/scheduled review aspect.
702481008 (Child health 24-30 months review)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The SNOMED concept is a structured age-specific child health review covering growth, development, and general well-being, while ETM.AA.ZZ captures assessment of growth and development without being specific to a particular age window or the full breadth of a health review encounter.
416348009 (Child health 4 years review)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The 4-year child health review is an age-specific structured encounter covering developmental milestones, growth, and health; ETM.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for the developmental assessment component but is broader in not specifying the child age or the full multi-domain scope of such a review.
417559005 (Child health 7 months review)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The 7-month child health review is an infant-specific structured encounter focusing on growth and developmental milestones, matching the core clinical activity captured by ETM.AA.ZZ, though ICHI does not distinguish by age or encompass the full breadth of a preventive health review encounter.
268481000 (Child health care)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Child health care" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the full range of health care delivered to children, which has no direct ICHI equivalent; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the most fitting high-level ICHI category, though it captures only the assessment dimension and does not encode the paediatric scope.
429159005 (Child psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no child-specific psychotherapy code; PZB.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy applied to the whole person as an NEC residual, which is the closest generic psychotherapy category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the child/paediatric population specificity of the SNOMED concept.
30274002 (Chiropractic consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a chiropractic-specific consultation or assessment code; a chiropractic consultation is fundamentally a health management encounter, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available unspecified encounter code at the whole-person level.
46947000 (Chiropractic manipulation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PA.AH (Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)Chiropractic manipulation is most commonly applied to the vertebral column (spinal manipulation), and MBZ.PA.AH is the NEC residual code for vertebral manipulation by manual/non-instrument means. The ICHI code is wider because chiropractic manipulation can also be applied to peripheral joints, and the ICHI code does not encode the chiropractic discipline.
38507005 (Cholecystopexy)maps to wider conceptKCF.MK.AA (Repair of gallbladder)ICHI has no dedicated cholecystopexy (gallbladder fixation/suspension) code — the gallbladder block contains no LC (fixation/pexy) action code. KCF.MK.AA (Repair of gallbladder, open) is the closest available code covering surgical reconstruction/repair of the gallbladder, though it is broader than the specific fixation procedure.
435671000124101 (Cholesterol modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food in general, which encompasses a cholesterol-modified diet, but is broader as it applies to any dietary change rather than being specific to cholesterol reduction. No ICHI code exists for lipid- or cholesterol-specific dietary modification.
151259001 (Cholesterol reduction program)maps to wider conceptVEA.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting eating behaviours)A cholesterol reduction program is a multi-component behaviour change intervention targeting eating patterns, which falls under ICHI's eating behaviours block (VEA), but no specific ICHI code captures a structured lipid-lowering program; the residual VEA.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available container.
275972003 (Cholesterol screening)maps to wider conceptXG9RG8 (Lipid profile)XG9RG8 (Lipid profile) is the closest ICHI laboratory test code, covering a panel that includes cholesterol measurement, but it is broader than a cholesterol-specific screening test. No ICHI code exists for a standalone cholesterol-only screen.
433153009 (Chorionic villus sampling using obstetric ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.XH (Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord)Chorionic villus sampling is specifically a biopsy/tissue specimen collection from the chorionic villi of the placenta; NMM.AH.XH captures tissue specimen collection from the placenta site, but it is broader as it does not specify the villous target or the ultrasound guidance means.
271418008 (Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)The SNOMED concept specifically describes placing a catheter for chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, while KMA.DN.AE covers any percutaneous implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity. The ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to dialysis catheters specifically.
185382000 (Chronic disease surveillance check)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The SNOMED concept is a structured clinical review visit for a known chronic disease patient. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it covers any general health assessment rather than a chronic-disease-specific surveillance check.
72310004 (Circumcision)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)Circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce; ICHI has no specific "circumcision" or "excision of prepuce" code. NGM.JJ.AA is the best available match because circumcision is semantically a partial excision of the penile skin — but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any partial penile excision.
91441009 (Cisternal puncture with injection)maps to wider conceptAAG.AH.AE (Cranial puncture)AAG.AH.AE sits within the "Interventions on intracranial space" block and is the closest ICHI code covering a percutaneous access to the intracranial/cisternal space; however, it does not capture the injection component of the procedure, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
182525009 (Clamping of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC represents management of an internal device of the urinary bladder, which is the closest ICHI code encompassing catheter management actions; it is broader because it covers any bladder device management rather than the specific act of clamping a urinary catheter.
225273004 (Clamping urethral catheter with intermittent release)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC is the closest available ICHI code for urinary catheter management, but it does not capture the specific technique of intermittent clamping and release, making it wider than this more granular SNOMED concept.
1153459004 (Cleaning of oral mucous membrane)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JG.AC (Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.JG.AC is the closest ICHI code for a cleaning/cleansing intervention on oral cavity structures; it is broader because debridement covers a wider range of tissue removal activities beyond cleaning of the mucous membrane specifically.
425927007 (Clinical language intervention program)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)AUI.PH.ZZ is the closest category, covering therapeutic language training targeting the cognitive/linguistic domain. However, the SNOMED concept is a structured, multi-session program, while the ICHI code is a single-action category without the "program" dimension, making ICHI broader.
429891009 (Closed manipulation of dislocation of prosthetic hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction approach at the hip joint; however, ICHI does not distinguish between a native hip joint and a prosthetic hip joint, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically applies to a prosthetic context.
127589002 (Closed reduction of dislocation AND application of splint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction of a joint at an unspecified site, which is the primary procedural component, but does not encode the concurrent application of a splint — making the ICHI code broader than the compound SNOMED concept.
127586009 (Closed reduction of fracture AND application of cast)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI encodes the closed fracture reduction component at an unspecified bone site, but the cast application is a separate ICHI code not merged into this single code — so the mapping omits the cast component and is therefore broader than the full compound SNOMED concept.
127587000 (Closed reduction of fracture AND application of splint)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI covers the closed fracture reduction at an unspecified bone site but has no combined code that also encodes the splint application; the splint component would require a separate code, making this mapping wider than the compound SNOMED concept.
1287920005 (Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI has no code specific to the radius or to epiphyseal/growth plate injuries — the closest assignable code covers closed reduction of any bone of the forearm, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the radius and its epiphyseal growth plate.
1287921009 (Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI encodes closed reduction at the level of "bone of forearm" without distinguishing the ulna from the radius or recognising epiphyseal growth plate injuries as a distinct target, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
736488000 (Closure of fistula of urethra with buccal mucosa graft)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)ICHI has no code for urethral fistula closure specifically, and no code for buccal mucosa as graft material in this context; NAM.ML.AA is the best available code as it encompasses the reconstructive intent, but it is broader — it does not specify the fistula indication or the buccal mucosa graft means.
746011009 (Closure of skin wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Repair" in ICHI covers wound closure but also encompasses other repair procedures beyond simple wound closure; additionally this is the NEC residual code covering all body regions, making it broader than the site-unspecified SNOMED concept.
273990004 (Coagulation of brain tissue using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)ICHI uses the broader action "GA" (destruction) covering all modalities, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies electrical energy (electrocoagulation) as the means; the ICHI code does not encode the electrosurgical technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
303582002 (Coagulation of lesion of large intestine using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)The ICHI code covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the colon by any modality without specifying electrical energy, and targets the colon (a sub-part of the large intestine, not including the rectum); overall it is a wider match because the means (electrical) is not captured.
56657006 (Coagulation of lesion of pharynx using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptKAR.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx)KAR.GA.AA covers destruction of a lesion of the oral pharynx but does not specify the means (electrical energy/electrocoagulation), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no nasopharyngeal or hypopharyngeal lesion destruction code with a means code for electrical energy.
438626009 (Coagulation of prostate using laser)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA is the closest generic prostate destruction code; no ICHI code specifies laser as the means for prostate destruction. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the laser modality.
287221006 (Coagulation of spinal cord using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptABA.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal cord)ABA.GA.AA directly matches the target (spinal cord) and action (destruction/coagulation), but does not specify the means (electrical energy), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
172737003 (Cochleostomy)maps to wider conceptCCA.FA.AC (Incision of inner ear)Cochleostomy is a surgical incision specifically into the cochlea, whereas CCA.FA.AC covers incision of the inner ear at the broader anatomical level rather than the cochlea specifically. The cochlea-specific block has no incision/ostomy code.
16631761000119104 (Collection of blood via implanted venous access device)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general but does not specify that the route is via an implanted venous access device; ICHI has no code that captures that specific means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1263397001 (Colonoscopic control of rectal bleeding using electrocoagulation)maps to wider conceptKBW.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of bleeding of rectum)KBW.LA.AD correctly captures endoscopic haemostasis of the rectum, but does not encode the specific means of electrocoagulation; ICHI has no code at this level of technique specificity for rectal haemostasis.
717251004 (Colostomy assessment)maps to wider conceptPTB.AA.ZZ (Enterostomy assessment)PTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any enterostomy (intestinal stoma), of which colostomy is a subtype; ICHI has no colostomy-specific assessment code, so the best match is the broader enterostomy assessment category.
183208004 (Colostomy bag adjustment)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)PTB.SN.AC is the closest ICHI match, covering management (maintenance activities) of an enterostomy, which encompasses appliance adjustments such as colostomy bag fitting; it is broader because it covers all enterostomy management and does not specify the colostomy type or the bag-adjustment activity.
715282001 (Combined healthy eating and physical education program)maps to wider conceptVE1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified lifestyle behaviours)The SNOMED concept targets both eating behaviours (VEA block) and physical activity behaviours (VEB block) simultaneously as a combined program; the closest single ICHI code is the unspecified lifestyle behaviours residual VE1.ZZ.ZZ, which is broader because it does not specify the dual eating-and-physical-activity focus.
439071008 (Complete removal of allograft of intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.JK.AA (Total excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.JK.AA encodes total excision of the small intestine, which captures the complete removal aspect, but it does not distinguish that the intestine being removed is an allograft.
87795007 (Complete transurethral resection of prostate, including control of postoperative bleeding)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)NGA.JJ.AD captures the defining TURP procedure but does not encode the additional component of postoperative haemostasis control that the SNOMED concept specifies.
712491005 (Completion of learning disabilities health action plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ covers the creation/completion of an individualised health plan, which is the closest ICHI concept to a learning disabilities health action plan, but does not specify the learning disabilities population.
2344008 (Complicated cystorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)NAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder) corresponds to cystorrhaphy and is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the "complicated" qualifier.
66477007 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class II malocclusion)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI lacks any dedicated orthodontic or malocclusion correction code; KAE.SM.AC captures management of an external dental appliance but is broader — it does not distinguish dentition type, malocclusion class, or the comprehensive multi-phase nature.
39569003 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class III malocclusion)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code covering external appliance management on teeth, but it is far broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of permanent dentition and Class III malocclusion.
68177008 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class I malocclusion)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external tooth appliance and therefore encompasses orthodontic appliance management, but ICHI makes no distinction between transitional (mixed) and permanent dentition, nor specifies malocclusion class.
49707003 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class II malocclusion)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the only ICHI code that meaningfully relates to orthodontic appliance-based treatment; it is broader because it does not encode dentition stage, malocclusion classification, or treatment scope.
39799009 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class III malocclusion)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC remains the best available ICHI match; ICHI does not model malocclusion types, dentition stages, or the comprehensive treatment episode.
1173981003 (Compression suture of uterus for postpartum hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptNME.MK.AA (Repair of uterus)ICHI does not have a specific code for compression suturing (B-Lynch or similar) of the uterus for postpartum hemorrhage; "Repair of uterus" is the closest structural match but is broader, encompassing all forms of uterine repair regardless of technique or indication.
290015004 (Conjunctival graft procedure)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no dedicated conjunctival graft code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) would subsume a conjunctival graft as a method of repair but is broader as it covers all conjunctival repair approaches.
230850006 (Connection from brain cyst to subcutaneous reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAG.DN.AA (Implantation of device into intracranial space)ICHI has no specific Ommaya reservoir or intracranial cyst-to-reservoir shunt code; AAG.DN.AA captures the procedural action of placing a reservoir device in the intracranial space but is broader as it does not specify the source (brain cyst) or destination (subcutaneous reservoir).
230849006 (Connection from cystic brain tumor to subcutaneous reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAG.DN.AA (Implantation of device into intracranial space)AAG.DN.AA is the best available ICHI approximation for this reservoir-insertion procedure; it is broader as it does not specify the source structure (cystic tumor) or external subcutaneous reservoir destination.
65360004 (Construction of artificial vagina with graft)maps to wider conceptNMH.MA.AA (Vaginal construction)NMH.MA.AA "Vaginal construction" directly captures the creation of a neovagina (vaginoplasty), matching the core surgical intent, but the ICHI code does not specify the use of a graft.
175221003 (Construction of central aortopulmonary interposition shunt)maps to wider conceptHID.LI.AA (Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt)HID.LI.AA covers all systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunts, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the central interposition variant (graft directly between ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery).
233073003 (Construction of conduit - right ventricle to left pulmonary artery)maps to wider conceptHBB.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree)ICHI has a dedicated RV-to-pulmonary conduit creation code, but it targets the pulmonary arterial tree in general rather than the left pulmonary artery specifically, so the ICHI code is broader.
440105007 (Construction of corset)maps to wider conceptPAA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to trunk)ICHI has no dedicated code for fabricating or fitting a spinal corset/orthosis; PAA.DP.AH is the closest available code in the topographical trunk interventions block, but it encompasses all assistive products applied to the trunk.
439973009 (Construction of custom ear prosthesis)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI does not have a specific code for fabricating or fitting an auricular prosthesis; PAB.DP.AH is the closest available code covering assistive product application to the head/neck region.
780897004 (Construction of interposition anastomosis using tissue engineered blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LB.AA covers anastomosis of an artery but does not specify the interposition technique or the use of a tissue-engineered vessel as the graft material; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arterial anastomosis not classified elsewhere regardless of graft type or configuration.
233125006 (Construction of intraventricular left ventricle to aorta spiral tunnel)maps to wider conceptHBA.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta)HBA.LI.AA captures the LV-to-aorta conduit creation but does not distinguish the spiral tunnel configuration from other conduit types; the SNOMED concept's intraventricular spiral tunnel morphology is a more specific subtype of LV-to-aorta conduit that ICHI does not represent.
233124005 (Construction of intraventricular left ventricle to aorta tunnel)maps to wider conceptHBA.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta)HBA.LI.AA directly represents creation of a conduit between the left ventricle and aorta but does not differentiate an intraventricular tunnel from other conduit forms such as extracardiac grafts; ICHI is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
440125006 (Construction of special footwear)maps to wider conceptPND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)ICHI captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to the foot, encompassing special/therapeutic footwear, but does not distinguish fabrication or construction of the footwear itself; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product to the foot, not specifically custom-made footwear.
281236004 (Construction of temporary dental bridge)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for a dental bridge (temporary or permanent); the most appropriate code is "Application of dental device," which broadly covers placement of any dental appliance including bridges and is therefore wider than this SNOMED concept.
281235000 (Construction of temporary dental crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Crown placement is a form of tooth restoration and KAE.MK.AC is the most specific ICHI category available; "Dental crown" subtypes exist only as ICHI extension code qualifiers, so the ICHI code is wider as it covers all tooth restorations rather than specifically temporary crown construction.
234832008 (Construction of tooth veneer at chairside)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A tooth veneer is a form of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC is the most specific assignable ICHI code; "Veneered crown" exists only as an extension code qualifier, so the ICHI code is wider than this SNOMED concept and does not capture the chairside fabrication detail.
1287780002 (Consultation for speech problem)maps to wider conceptJUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speech functions)A consultation for a speech problem is primarily a clinical assessment of speech function, and JUC.AA.ZZ covers this core activity; the SNOMED concept could also include advising and counselling, but the dominant clinical act is assessment, with ICHI not capturing the additional consultative components.
416520008 (Consultation for unaccompanied minor)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for consultations specifically involving unaccompanied minors as a patient population; the closest assignable category is the general health assessment of the whole person, which is substantially broader and captures none of the safeguarding/legal context specific to this SNOMED concept.
15301000 (Consultation in chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no chemotherapy-specific consultation or oncology consultation code; the general health assessment is the best available whole-person encounter code but is far broader, losing all information about the chemotherapy clinical context.
1365979000 (Consultation to prepare for transition from child to adult care service)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Preparing a patient for transition from paediatric to adult services is fundamentally an individualised care planning encounter, which maps best to PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning — whole person), but that code is broader and does not encode the transition-of-care or age/developmental context.
719410009 (Consultation via video conference)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)XG6UP2 is the ICHI telehealth extension code for any intervention delivered with advice from a remote location, which closely captures the remote/distance dimension of a video-conference consultation; it is broader because it is modality-agnostic and applies to any type of intervention, not just consultations, and does not specify video as the medium.
1156702006 (Consulting with healthcare provider about medication side effects)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising/counselling interactions concerning medications in general, which is the nearest ICHI category to a patient-provider discussion about medication side effects; it is broader because it does not specify side effects or adverse effects as the subject matter, and it describes the provider advising the patient rather than the patient consulting the provider.
182807005 (Continuous blood sampling)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI's blood specimen collection code is the direct structural match for blood sampling, but it does not encode the "continuous" modality of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader, covering all blood specimen collection regardless of whether it is single or continuous.
1260411001 (Continuous flow apneic ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI encodes artificial ventilation as a single category without differentiating ventilatory modes or techniques such as apneic or flow-based approaches; JTB.DE.AC is the only applicable primary code and is considerably broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation modality.
1187023008 (Continuous mandatory ventilation pressure-control inflation-type)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI does not differentiate pressure-control or mandatory ventilation modes at the primary code level; JTB.DE.AC is the single applicable ICHI category and encompasses all forms of artificial ventilation, making it substantially broader than this specific SNOMED mode descriptor.
1186749003 (Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-control inflation-type)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's only assignable ventilation code covers artificial ventilation in general, without distinguishing mode (mandatory vs. spontaneous), control variable (volume vs. pressure), or inflation type; the SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of this broader category.
1222607009 (Continuous mandatory ventilation with sigh)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI provides no code for ventilation with sigh augmentation as a distinct mode; the only available code is the general "Artificial ventilation," which is broader than this specific CMV-with-sigh variant.
47545007 (Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation treatment)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)CPAP (a non-invasive, spontaneous-breathing support mode) is functionally distinct from conventional artificial ventilation, but ICHI conflates all mechanical respiratory support under a single code with no CPAP-specific category; the ICHI code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept.
439302009 (Control of anterior epistaxis)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)ICHI codes epistaxis control at the general nose level without distinguishing anterior from posterior nasal sites, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior nasal location.
287382003 (Control of epistaxis by cautery)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)The ICHI code captures epistaxis control generally without encoding the means (cautery/electrocautery), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the cautery technique as the defining attribute.
54194003 (Control of epistaxis by ligation of artery)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC captures control of epistaxis at the nasal site but does not specify the mechanism (arterial ligation); it is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the ligation-of-artery approach.
287400009 (Control of epistaxis by suture)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis at the nose without encoding the suture method, making it broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies suturing as the haemostatic technique.
698574007 (Control of hemorrhage of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding)KBI.LA.AD is the only duodenal bleeding control code in ICHI but specifies an endoscopic approach, whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic and encompasses open, endoscopic, and transcatheter methods. The SNOMED concept is therefore broader than any single ICHI code; KBI.LA.AD is the closest available match covering the most common clinical scenario.
70384006 (Control of hemorrhage of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code for controlling gastric bleeding, but it is restricted to the endoscopic approach, while the SNOMED concept encompasses all approaches (open, endoscopic, transcatheter); KBF.LA.AF covers transcatheter embolisation as a separate code, so no single ICHI code is semantically equivalent to the approach-agnostic SNOMED concept.
440699009 (Control of posterior epistaxis)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC covers epistaxis control without specifying anatomical site (anterior vs posterior), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically for posterior nasal bleeding; the only other epistaxis code (JAC.LA.AC) refers to turbinate epistaxis, which is an anterior site and therefore not applicable here.
473242000 (Control of postoperative hemorrhage of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.LA.ZZ (Haemostasis of prostate)NGA.LA.ZZ maps the correct target (prostate) and action (LA = haemostasis/bleeding control), with ZZ means indicating approach is unspecified; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to the postoperative context.
439788008 (Controlled crying technique)maps to wider conceptATK.PH.ZZ (Training of sleep functions)Controlled crying (graduated extinction) is a specific structured behavioural sleep intervention used primarily with infants; ICHI's ATK.PH.ZZ covers training of sleep functions broadly without capturing the specific technique or the parental coaching context, making ICHI wider than this SNOMED concept.
386249009 (Controlled substance checking)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)Controlled substance checking is a specific audit or reconciliation activity verifying the stock and administration records of scheduled/controlled drugs; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (any drug, any purpose), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to controlled substances in a regulatory compliance context.
170762008 (Conversion to insulin)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)Conversion to insulin is a specific clinical decision to initiate insulin therapy (often switching from oral agents in diabetes management); the closest ICHI code PZX.TI.ZZ represents pharmacotherapy prescription in general, which is broader and does not capture the switch-in-treatment or insulin specificity of the SNOMED concept.
870389007 (Cooled radiofrequency ablation of nerve using ultrasonographic guidance)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)Cooled radiofrequency ablation is a specific thermal percutaneous nerve destruction technique performed under ultrasound guidance; ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve but does not encode the radiofrequency/cooled-RF modality or the ultrasonographic guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
105382002 (Cooling the patient)maps to wider conceptPZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)The SNOMED concept "Cooling the patient" is an unspecified whole-body cooling intervention, while ICHI PZA.SE.ZZ specifies cooling of central (core) body temperature; ICHI also has a peripheral counterpart (PZX.SE.ZZ), so neither ICHI code fully covers the generic SNOMED concept, but PZA.SE.ZZ is the closest match as core temperature management is the primary clinical intent of patient cooling.
1268663003 (Coordination of resources to address intimate partner abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.TD.ZZ (Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to family and partner violence behaviours)Intimate partner abuse is explicitly within the scope of the VBB block ("family and partner violence"), and the TD action axis (collaborating/building partnerships) corresponds to coordinating resources; the ICHI code is slightly broader because VBB covers all family and partner violence, not only intimate partner abuse specifically.
1268662008 (Coordination of resources to address social needs)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" in ICHI captures the organisational act of coordinating care/resources across services for an individual, which aligns well with coordinating resources to address social needs; the ICHI code is broader because it covers general case coordination without the specific framing of social needs or resource mobilisation.
1148818006 (Coordination of services to assist with maintaining housing security)maps to wider conceptUEE.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies)UEE.TD.ZZ is the closest fit as it sits within the housing services block (BlockL4-UEE) and captures an inter-organisational coordinating action specifically for housing; it is somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept, which emphasises individual-level housing security maintenance rather than the systems/policy level implied by ICHI's "systems and policies" framing.
52805006 (Core build up for retainer, including any pins)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC "Restoration of tooth" is the best available ICHI match for a dental core build-up procedure, as both involve restoring lost tooth structure; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering all tooth restorations (fillings, crowns, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a core build-up with pins specifically designed to support a crown retainer.
868231004 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free left internal thoracic artery graft)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA "Coronary artery bypass" captures the core procedure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the use of a free left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft — a particular conduit choice and harvest technique not distinguished in the ICHI code.
868230003 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers open coronary artery bypass in general but does not specify the graft conduit; the SNOMED concept is precisely defined by the use of a free right internal thoracic artery graft, detail that ICHI does not capture at the code level.
868228000 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using gastroepiploic artery graft)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA represents open coronary artery bypass without differentiation by conduit type; the gastroepiploic artery graft specificity present in the SNOMED concept is not represented in ICHI.
868227005 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery graft)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for open CABG but does not distinguish the radial artery as the graft conduit, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
243096001 (Correct fixing of baby to breast education)maps to wider conceptVEH.PM.ZZ (Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.PM.ZZ covers education broadly aimed at influencing breastfeeding behaviours, which encompasses but is broader than this specific SNOMED concept of educating about correct latch/attachment technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish the specific sub-topic of infant positioning/fixing at the breast.
3241008 (Correction of chordee with mobilization of urethra)maps to wider conceptNGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis)Chordee correction with urethral mobilisation is a specific penile reconstructive surgery (straightening the curved penis and repositioning the urethra), which falls under repair of the penis; ICHI has no more precise code capturing both the chordee correction and urethra mobilisation components specifically.
42624001 (Correction of malrotation by lysis of duodenal bands)maps to wider conceptKMA.FC.AA (Release of peritoneal adhesions)Ladd's procedure involves dividing peritoneal (duodenal/Ladd's) bands that obstruct the duodenum due to intestinal malrotation; KMA.FC.AA (release of peritoneal adhesions) is the closest ICHI equivalent, though it is broader and does not specify the duodenal bands or the malrotation context.
178749005 (Correction of spinal deformity and instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for spinal deformity correction combined with instrumentation. MBZ.DN.AA captures the instrumentation (internal fixation/device implantation) component at the vertebral column level, which is the defining operative element of this procedure, but it does not encode the corrective deformity aspect or the combination with osteotomy/fusion that is frequently part of the SNOMED concept.
112722004 (Correction of spinal pseudoarthrosis)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)Pseudoarthrosis of the spine (failed fusion/non-union) is corrected by revision spinal fusion; ICHI has no specific code for pseudoarthrosis repair, and MBZ.LE.AA (spinal fusion NEC) is the closest procedural match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all spinal fusions regardless of indication, not just revision for pseudoarthrosis.
1345008000 (Counseling about caretaking skills)maps to wider conceptSBQ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring skills)Caretaking skills counselling is a specific form of skill-acquisition counselling directed at caregiving competencies; ICHI's SBQ.PP.ZZ covers counselling about acquiring any skills, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to caretaking/caregiving skills.
445142003 (Counseling about disease)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for disease counselling; PZB.PP.ZZ is the residual "counselling NEC" category under "interventions on the whole person," which is broader than the disease-specific counselling described by the SNOMED concept.
710199005 (Counseling about fear)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Fear is classified as an emotional function in ICHI's body-function framework; AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for the full range of emotional functions (not fear alone), so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which targets fear specifically.
711030000 (Counseling about level of hope)maps to wider conceptATI.PP.ZZ (Counselling for energy and drive functions)In the ICF-based ICHI framework, hope is classified under energy and drive functions (motivation, optimism, drive); ATI.PP.ZZ is the most specific available code, but it encompasses all energy and drive functions rather than hope specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1351797007 (Counseling about management of finances)maps to wider conceptSV2.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in economic life, not elsewhere classified)SV2.PP.ZZ targets the broader domain of "engaging in economic life" (which covers work, finances, and economic transactions collectively), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the management of finances. No more specific ICHI code for financial management counselling exists; SV2.PP.ZZ is the closest residual category within the economic life block.
1284866007 (Counseling about relaxation technique)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about handling stress and other psychological demands)Relaxation techniques are a specific tool within the broader repertoire of stress and psychological demand management, so SDJ.PP.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code for relaxation technique counselling specifically exists; ICHI does not decompose stress-management counselling to the level of individual techniques.
1344992003 (Counseling about signs and symptoms of emotional problem)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling directed at emotional functions broadly (the ICF body-function target), while the SNOMED concept is more specifically scoped to counselling about recognising signs and symptoms of an emotional problem. The ICHI code is the best structural match within the emotional/mental functions hierarchy but is inherently broader in scope.
1344991005 (Counseling about signs and symptoms of mental health problem)maps to wider conceptAS1.PP.ZZ (Counselling for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PP.ZZ covers counselling across all mental functions without restriction, while the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on psychoeducation about signs and symptoms of mental health problems. The ICHI code is broader — it does not constrain the counselling content to symptom recognition, but it is the closest available code within the mental functions counselling cluster.
105393000 (Counseling by chaplain)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode provider type (chaplain) as a differentiating axis, and there is no spiritually-focused pastoral counselling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the designated residual category for counselling not elsewhere classified, making it the broadest but most defensible catch-all for a chaplaincy counselling encounter.
66800001 (Counseling by physiotherapist)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish interventions by clinician type (physiotherapist), and no counselling code specific to physical rehabilitation or physiotherapy context exists as a discrete category; PZB.PP.ZZ is the most appropriate residual counselling code available, capturing the counselling action without the provider-type specificity present in the SNOMED concept.
702971000 (Counseling for childhood immunization)maps to wider conceptVDA.PN.ZZ (Advising about immunisation behaviours)VDA.PN.ZZ covers advising about immunisation behaviours broadly across all age groups, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on childhood immunization; the ICHI code is wider because it is not age-restricted. No ICHI counselling-specific code (PP action) exists under the VDA block — only advising (PN) — making this the closest available match.
702595009 (Counseling for fertility preservation)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)NUD.PP.ZZ represents fertility counselling broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to preservation-specific scenarios; the SNOMED concept narrows the scope to counselling aimed specifically at preserving fertility (e.g., prior to gonadotoxic treatment), making the ICHI code wider in scope.
702972007 (Counseling for influenza immunization)maps to wider conceptVDA.PN.ZZ (Advising about immunisation behaviours)The closest ICHI assignable code targets immunisation behaviours in general but does not specify influenza as the subject, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not have a vaccine-disease-specific counselling category.
25110001000004102 (Counseling for management of colostomy)maps to wider conceptKT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Colostomy management counselling concerns digestive system function (specifically defaecation/elimination via a surgically created stoma), which falls under the digestive functions counselling block; no colostomy-specific or stoma-specific counselling code exists in ICHI, so this NEC residual code is the best available match and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
25060001000004106 (Counseling for management of ileostomy)maps to wider conceptKT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Ileostomy management counselling concerns digestive system function (small intestinal elimination via a surgically created stoma), which falls under the digestive functions counselling block; as with colostomy, no ileostomy-specific or stoma-specific counselling code exists in ICHI, and this NEC code is the best available match at an appropriately broader level.
24830001000004106 (Counseling for management of urostomy)maps to wider conceptNT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)A urostomy is a form of urinary diversion, and counselling for its management falls within the domain of urinary functions, but NT2.PP.ZZ is broader, covering all urinary function counselling rather than specifically post-urostomy stoma management. No more specific ICHI code for urostomy counselling exists.
439421000 (Counseling for menopause)maps to wider conceptETK.PP.ZZ (Counselling for endocrine gland functions)Menopause is primarily driven by changes in ovarian endocrine function (oestrogen/progesterone decline); ICHI has no specific menopause counselling code, and ETK.PP.ZZ (endocrine gland functions counselling) is the closest structural match, though it is broader in scope. The menstruation block (NUB) has no PP counselling code, and NUB.PM.ZZ covers only education.
702974008 (Counseling for pneumococcal vaccination)maps to wider conceptDTB.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the immunological system)Pneumococcal vaccination counselling is an intervention aimed at supporting immunological protection; DTB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for immunological system functions broadly, which is the best available match since ICHI has no vaccine-specific or pathogen-specific counselling code.
464671000124106 (Counseling for readiness to implement food insecurity care plan)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)ICHI's "Assessment of food" (UAB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code under the "Interventions on food" block (UAB), capturing the evaluation of food-related concerns including security. However, it is broader — it does not reflect the specific dimension of assessing a patient's readiness to act on a food insecurity care plan, nor does ICHI have a counselling/advising code within the food block.
439885002 (Counseling for spina bifida screening)maps to wider conceptVDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours)ICHI uses "advising" rather than "counselling" and does not have condition-specific screening counselling codes; VDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours) is the best available match as it covers advising a patient about participating in a screening program. It is broader because it is not specific to spina bifida or neural tube defect screening.
702583009 (Counseling for sterilization)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sterilisation counselling; NUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling) is the closest available code as sterilisation is a fertility-ending decision that falls within the domain of fertility and reproductive counselling. It is broader, as it covers all fertility counselling rather than specifically pre-sterilisation decision counselling.
10383002 (Counseling for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has termination-of-pregnancy procedure codes (NME.DB.AC, NME.JE.AA) but no counselling/advising code for termination of pregnancy; NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy) under the pregnancy functions block is the best contextual fit, though it is broader in scope and does not specifically address termination counselling.
713120004 (Counting fetal movement)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)"Counting fetal movement" is a specific clinical assessment technique (kick counting) directed at fetal activity, which falls under fetal assessment. NMR.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fetal or embryonic structure broadly, making it wider than the specific act of counting fetal movements; no more precise ICHI code for fetal movement counting exists.
230963001 (Cranial nerve ganglion neurostimulator electrode procedures)maps to wider conceptAAN.DL.AA (Insertion of cranial nerve device)The SNOMED concept covers a group of procedures involving neurostimulator electrodes at cranial nerve ganglia, which is a subset of cranial nerve device procedures; AAN.DL.AA (open insertion of a cranial nerve device) is the closest available match but is broader as it encompasses any device insertion rather than specifically neurostimulator electrode work.
6976007 (Craniocervical spinal fusion)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)Craniocervical (occipitocervical) fusion spans the skull base and upper cervical spine, a region that does not fit neatly under MBA.LE.AA "Fusion of cervical spine" (which covers C-spine only, not the cranio-cervical junction). MBZ.LE.AA "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified" is therefore the best available code, though it is broader than the specific craniocervical level targeted by the SNOMED concept.
445746008 (Craniotomy and removal of hematoma from extradural space)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)ICHI's "Drainage of intracranial space" covers the primary operative goal (evacuating the extradural hematoma) but is broader in that it includes any fluid drainage from the intracranial space and does not encode the craniotomy approach or restrict to the extradural compartment. ICHI has no combined craniotomy-plus-hematoma-evacuation code.
68800008 (Creation of conduit of right ventricle and pulmonary artery in repair of transposition of great vessels)maps to wider conceptHBB.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree)This ICHI code directly describes creating the RV-to-pulmonary artery conduit, matching the core procedure precisely. It is slightly wider because it does not encode the clinical indication (transposition of great vessels repair), which is a contextual detail not represented in ICHI codes.
12077004 (Reduction of fracture of fibula with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)MNB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the tibia or fibula but does not distinguish the fibula alone, and does not encode the internal fixation component — making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both fibula specificity and internal fixation. The open-approach axis (AA) aligns with the surgical nature implied by internal fixation.
7082004 (Reduction of fracture of hand with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LD.AA captures open reduction of bones in the hand region, matching the target and open surgical approach implied by internal fixation, but ICHI does not separately encode the internal fixation device placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
122471009 (Reduction of open fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.LD.AA represents open reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, which aligns with the unspecified anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's "open" axis (AA) refers to surgical approach rather than the nature of the fracture itself, and no site specificity is given, so the match is approximate.
1255511000 (Referral for personal emergency response system)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ is the only referral code in ICHI and captures the referral action, but it covers referral to any health provider for any purpose rather than specifically for provision of a personal emergency response system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
55796000 (Reinsertion of transhepatic T-tube)maps to wider conceptKCM.KA.AD (Replacement of device in biliary duct)KCM.KA.AD covers replacement of a device in the biliary duct via endoscopy, which semantically aligns with reinserting a T-tube into the bile duct through an existing transhepatic tract; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the transhepatic route or the T-tube device type specifically.
446878003 (Transluminal angioplasty of blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a generic, non-site-specific transluminal angioplasty applicable to any blood vessel, while IZA.LG.AF covers only arteries NEC; no single "blood vessel NEC" dilatation code exists, making IZA.LG.AF the closest available option, with the SNOMED concept being broader than the ICHI code in scope of vessels covered.
232959003 (Transluminal maintenance of aortic balloon pump)maps to wider conceptHZZ.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device)HZZ.SN.AF covers percutaneous transluminal management of any cardiac assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the maintenance of an intra-aortic balloon pump; ICHI is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices, not just the IABP specifically.
232964004 (Transluminal removal of intraventricular pump)maps to wider conceptHBZ.JD.AA (Removal of biventricular assist device)ICHI has removal codes for left, right, and biventricular ventricular assist devices, but none specify the transluminal/percutaneous approach for removal, and none use the term "intraventricular pump." HBZ.JD.AA is the closest available option but is broader as it does not encode the transluminal route.
428198008 (Transplantation of hepatocytes)maps to wider conceptKCA.KD.AA (Liver transplant)ICHI has no dedicated code for hepatocyte (liver cell) transplantation — a cellular-level procedure distinct from whole-organ liver transplantation. KCA.KD.AA is the closest available liver-related transplantation code but is semantically much broader, covering whole-organ transplant rather than isolated cell infusion.
1359980008 (Transrectal ultrasonography guided insertion of fiducial marker into prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into prostate)NGA.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the prostate via an unspecified approach, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but does not encode the transrectal route, ultrasound guidance, or the specific instrument (fiducial marker), making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED procedure.
1268998003 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of infrared reflector localization marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the essential procedural act — percutaneous device insertion into the breast — which describes placing a localization marker under ultrasound guidance; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any device inserted percutaneously into the breast.
1106671000000108 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, which encompasses insertion of a magnetic marker; however ICHI does not distinguish the device type or encode the ultrasound guidance approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1268967000 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, subsuming RFID tag insertion; ICHI does not differentiate device type nor encode ultrasound guidance, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
713563009 (Ultrasonography guided localization of iodine 125 radioactive seed to breast lesion)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)Placing a radioactive seed into the breast is captured as percutaneous device insertion; ICHI does not encode the specific seed type (I-125), the ultrasound guidance, or the localisation intent, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
711427004 (Ultrasonography of central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIDB.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of vein of thorax)A central venous catheter resides in the thoracic venous system, so IDB.BA.BJ covers the anatomical territory; however the SNOMED concept specifically targets imaging the catheter device itself, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED intent.
719351007 (Uniportal VATS - video assisted thoracoscopic surgery)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)ICHI does not represent "uniportal VATS" as a distinct code — the number of ports is a technical variation not captured in ICHI. JCH.AE.AB is the closest structural match representing thoracoscopic access to the thoracic cavity, but it is broader as it encompasses all thoracoscopic approaches.
361254007 (Ureteroscopic balloon rupture and stenting)maps to wider conceptNAE.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)NAE.LH.AD captures the core combined procedure of endoscopic (ureteroscopic) dilatation of the ureter followed by insertion of a device (stent), which closely matches the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code does not specify balloon dilation as the dilatation method, making it slightly broader.
446545000 (Ureteroscopic dilation of stricture of ureter using balloon catheter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ureter)NAE.LG.AD captures endoscopic (ureteroscopic) dilatation of the ureter, which is the core procedure; however ICHI does not specify balloon catheter as the dilatation instrument nor that the target is a stricture specifically, so the ICHI code is broader.
429051005 (Ureteroscopic endoluminal rupture of stenosis of ureter using balloon)maps to wider conceptNAE.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ureter)This concept describes the same fundamental procedure as ureteroscopic balloon dilation — disrupting a ureteric stenosis via balloon dilatation — and maps to NAE.LG.AD; ICHI does not distinguish balloon-mediated rupture from other dilatation methods, nor specify stenosis as the indication.
429573008 (Urodynamic study using catheter)maps to wider conceptNT2.AC.ZZ (Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated urodynamics code; NT2.AC.ZZ is the closest functional match, capturing the assessment/measurement purpose, but it is broader — it covers any test of urinary function rather than the specific catheter-based pressure/flow study.
408810006 (Uterine contraction monitoring using intrauterine pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptNME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)NME.AI.AH encompasses internal uterine contraction monitoring with an intrauterine pressure catheter as one of its modalities, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers all forms of delivery monitoring without specifying the intrauterine catheter approach.
1290502005 (Vacuum mattress spinal immobilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LC.AH captures the action and the target, which semantically covers vacuum mattress spinal immobilization; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any external immobilisation device applied to the spine, not specifically the vacuum mattress technique.
302358004 (Vascular cannula adjustment)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)"Management of vascular device" encompasses adjustment but also covers other management activities such as flushing and monitoring, making the ICHI code broader than the specific act of adjustment. No dedicated ICHI code for cannula adjustment exists.
416325004 (Vascular cannula procedure)maps to wider conceptIZE.ZZ.ZZ (Other interventions on vessels, not elsewhere classified)"Vascular cannula procedure" is a SNOMED grouper concept covering any intervention involving a vascular cannula; the residual ICHI code for other interventions on vessels is the closest structural equivalent, but it is inherently broader and non-specific.
233553003 (Vascular cannula removal)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)This ICHI code covers removal of any intravascular internal device from a blood vessel, which directly aligns with vascular cannula removal; it is wider because it also encompasses removal of other intravascular devices and foreign bodies beyond cannulas specifically.
416504003 (Vascular line exchange over wire)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)"Vascular line exchange over wire" (Seldinger-technique catheter swap) is a specific method of maintaining vascular access; ICHI provides no code specific to the over-wire exchange technique, and IZD.SN.AF is broader covering any maintenance of IV access.
234741008 (Veneer preparation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no code specific to veneer preparation; "Restoration of tooth" is the closest restorative dental category and captures the restorative intent, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets specifically the preparatory step for a veneer.
287600003 (Venous catheter angiocardiography)maps to wider conceptHZB.BA.BB (Angiocardiography of right heart structures)Venous catheter angiocardiography injects contrast via a venous catheter, which typically opacifies the right heart structures; HZB.BA.BB is the closest specific code as venous (right-sided) catheter injection is the defining feature.
243763007 (Venous sampling catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)"Venous sampling catheter procedure" describes obtaining a blood sample through a catheter placed in a vein; DIA.AH.XA captures the essential purpose but is broader as it does not specify the catheter-based venous route.
312973004 (Viscocanalostomy)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Viscocanalostomy is a glaucoma procedure dilating the canal of Schlemm with viscoelastic material to enhance aqueous humour outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the target and action but is broader, not specifying the viscoelastic technique or Schlemm's canal approach.
447844004 (Wedge excision of cervix uteri and suturing of surgical wound)maps to wider conceptNMF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cervix)A wedge excision is a form of partial excision of the cervix; NMF.JJ.AA is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not specify the wedge shape or the suturing component.
442937001 (Wheelchair maintenance and repair)maps to wider conceptUAE.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)Wheelchair maintenance and repair is a specific instance of managing mobility and transportation assistive technology; UAE.SM.ZZ is substantially broader, covering all such products rather than wheelchairs specifically.
1268989001 (Wide local excision of lesion of breast using infrared reflector)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)LCA.JI.AA matches the core surgical act (local excision of breast lesion) but is broader because it does not capture the specific infrared reflector localization guidance technique.
14691000202105 (Assessment of circadian rhythm)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)Circadian rhythm is a specific regulatory mechanism governing sleep-wake cycles, which sits within the broader ICHI domain of sleep functions; ATK.AA.ZZ is the closest parent concept and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
16371000202105 (Assessment of confusion)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)Confusion spans orientation, awareness and higher cognitive functions — all subsumed under global mental functions in ICHI; AT2.AA.ZZ is the residual category for global mental function assessment, broader than the focused SNOMED concept.
710844004 (Assessment of death tradition)maps to wider conceptSXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)Death traditions are rooted in religious, spiritual and cultural practices; no ICHI code addresses death traditions specifically, so SXH.AA.ZZ is the closest available concept though broader.
733870009 (Assessment of delirium)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)Delirium is fundamentally a disorder of awareness, alertness and acute confusional state; ATC.AA.ZZ is the closest specific ICHI match within global mental functions but is wider as it covers all awareness/alertness assessment.
17131000202107 (Assessment of delusions)maps to wider conceptAUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions)Delusions are a specific disturbance of thought content classified under thought functions in the ICF/ICHI framework; AUF.AA.ZZ is wider as it covers all thought function assessment, not just delusional ideation.
711060005 (Assessment of denial)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)Denial as a psychological defence mechanism has no specific ICHI code; ATF.AA.ZZ covers broad psychological and social functioning including insight, self-awareness and adaptive coping, substantially wider in scope.
710847006 (Assessment of dietary need)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)ICHI contains no code specifically for dietary need assessment; UAB.AA.ZZ under the environment/food block is the closest concept but encompasses food broadly rather than scoped to an individual's dietary requirements.
710848001 (Assessment of eating and drinking behavior)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)VEA.AA.ZZ is the best single-code match capturing the behavioural dimension of eating; it is wider because the SNOMED concept also encompasses drinking behaviour, with no combined eating-and-drinking code in ICHI.
25951000087104 (Assessment of eligibility for convalescent care)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no dedicated code for assessing eligibility for a specific care type; UEP.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health services broadly and is considerably wider than the focused SNOMED concept.
25961000087101 (Assessment of eligibility for long term care home)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specific code for assessing eligibility for a long-term care home placement; UEP.AA.ZZ is the best match within the "Interventions on health services, systems and policies" block, substantially broader.
25971000087105 (Assessment of eligibility for respite care)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)Respite care eligibility assessment has no dedicated ICHI code; UEP.AA.ZZ is the nearest match within health services assessment, broader than the specific eligibility determination.
710850009 (Assessment of expectations)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)ICHI has no specific code for assessing expectations as a clinical construct; ATF.AA.ZZ is the broadest available mental-function assessment domain that could subsume an expectations assessment.
709474002 (Assessment of fatigue)maps to wider conceptATI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of energy and drive functions)Fatigue is the primary clinical manifestation of impaired energy and drive functions; ATI.AA.ZZ is the most precise ICHI match but somewhat broader as it encompasses motivation and drive beyond fatigue alone.
385706004 (Assessment of fecal disimpaction)maps to wider conceptKBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum)ICHI has no code specifically for assessing fecal impaction or disimpaction; KBW.AE.AC is the closest available assessment act in the same anatomical region, but is a generic rectal examination rather than targeted disimpaction assessment.
709479007 (Assessment of fetal gestational age)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)Gestational age assessment examines fetal biometric and structural parameters; NMR.AA.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all structural assessments of the fetus/embryo, not gestational age specifically.
709478004 (Assessment of food supply)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food broadly (including safety and security), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to "food supply" as an availability dimension; the ICHI code is broader in scope.
710856003 (Assessment of grief)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Grief is a specific emotional state; AUD.AA.ZZ covers emotional functions broadly (encompassing grief, affect, mood and other emotional dimensions), wider than the SNOMED concept limited to grief.
17101000202104 (Assessment of hallucinations)maps to wider conceptAUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of perceptual function)Hallucinations are a disorder of perceptual function (false perceptions without external stimulus); AUE.AA.ZZ is the best structural fit but wider because it encompasses all perceptual functions, not only hallucinatory phenomena.
11661000202104 (Assessment of hearing aid use)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)ICHI has no specific code for assessing hearing aid use; CTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of hearing functions broadly which encompasses evaluating hearing capacity but is wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on the hearing aid specifically.
709480005 (Assessment of hyperalgesia)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)Hyperalgesia is a specific pain phenomenon (heightened sensitivity to painful stimuli); AXA.AA.ZZ covers pain assessment in general — the closest ICHI code but broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on amplified pain sensitivity.
17021000202106 (Assessment of impulsivity)maps to wider conceptATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)Impulsivity is a dimension of temperament and personality in the ICF/ICHI framework; ATH.AA.ZZ is the most semantically aligned code but broader, as no dedicated impulsivity or impulse-control assessment code exists in ICHI.
710957008 (Assessment of inhalation technique)maps to wider conceptVAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours)Inhalation technique assessment concerns how a patient uses an inhaler device — a pharmaceutical use behaviour; VAD.AA.ZZ is the best fit but broader, encompassing all pharmaceutical use behaviours rather than specifically inhaler technique.
385748006 (Assessment of intake and output measurement)maps to wider conceptSMG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of fluid intake)SMG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of fluid intake, addressing the "intake" component, but ICHI lacks a combined intake-and-output (fluid balance) measurement code; the SNOMED concept additionally encompasses output measurement.
709481009 (Assessment of knowledge about pain)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain as a clinical entity (sensation, functions), broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets a patient's knowledge about pain; no ICHI code for pain knowledge exists.
709482002 (Assessment of knowledge of cross infection)maps to wider conceptVFS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health literacy levels)ICHI has no code specifically assessing knowledge of cross-infection; VFS.AA.ZZ (assessment of health literacy levels) is the broadest relevant match since understanding infection transmission is a component of health literacy.
709483007 (Assessment of knowledge of disease)maps to wider conceptVFS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health literacy levels)Disease knowledge is a core dimension of health literacy; VFS.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for evaluating what a person knows about disease in general, with no narrower disease-specific knowledge code available.
709484001 (Assessment of knowledge of environmental safety)maps to wider conceptVC1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified)The safety-related behaviours block (VC1) covers road, workplace, home and water safety but has no environmental safety knowledge code; VC1.AA.ZZ is the unspecified residual code in that block and the closest structural match.
709485000 (Assessment of knowledge of fall prevention)maps to wider conceptVC1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified)Fall prevention is a specific type of safety-related behaviour, and ICHI has no dedicated fall prevention code; VC1.AA.ZZ covers safety behaviours broadly, wider than the SNOMED concept.
733867005 (Assessment of knowledge of instructional material)maps to wider conceptVFS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health literacy levels)Assessing knowledge and comprehension of instructional/educational materials is functionally an assessment of health literacy; VFS.AA.ZZ is broader as health literacy encompasses more than just instructional material comprehension.
710858002 (Assessment of knowledge of medication regime)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly and aligns with assessing knowledge of a medication regimen; it is wider as it encompasses all medication assessment, not just knowledge of a prescribed regime.
710859005 (Assessment of knowledge of pain management)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering pain assessment, but it addresses clinical assessment of the pain sensation itself rather than what the patient knows about managing their pain — broader in scope.
710860000 (Assessment of knowledge of patient controlled analgesia)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)Patient-controlled analgesia is a specific medication delivery/regime concept; UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications) is the closest match but wider as it covers all medication assessment rather than PCA knowledge specifically.
473210006 (Assessment of lymphedema)maps to wider conceptDFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code explicitly for assessing lymphedema (the clinical condition of lymphatic obstruction with tissue swelling). DFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified) is the best structural match — it covers assessment of lymphatic anatomy — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a clinical evaluation of the lymphedema condition rather than general lymphatic structure assessment.
710862008 (Assessment of medication supply)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly (the UAC block targets medicaments as an environmental product/technology), which encompasses medication supply assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specifically isolate the "supply" dimension — it covers any form of medication assessment, not just availability or provision.
709488003 (Assessment of mood)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Mood is a core component of emotional functions in WHO's classification framework (ICF-aligned target axis), so AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider because "emotional functions" encompasses the full range of affect, not just mood specifically.
1366728008 (Assessment of newborn)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no newborn-specific assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (whole-person general health assessment) is the closest available code. It is wider because it applies to any person of any age and does not capture the neonatal-specific clinical context.
48941009 (Creation of lumbosubarachnoid shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)ABG.LI.AA covers any spinal shunt (targeting the spinal canal generally), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the lumbosubarachnoid route and the presence of a valve — both of which are granular details not captured in the ICHI code. The spinal canal target (ABG) is anatomically appropriate for a lumbosubarachnoid shunt, making this the closest available code despite its broader scope.
77241005 (Creation of ventriculo-auricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of destination; it does not distinguish the atrial destination that defines a ventriculo-auricular shunt specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
735243005 (Creation of ventriculosubgaleal shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for any ventricular shunting procedure; ICHI does not have a subgaleal-destination-specific code, so the match is broader than this particular shunt variant.
390811008 (Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "crisis intervention" or "short-term mental health intervention" code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the broadest residual counselling category under the whole-person target and captures the unspecified nature of this SNOMED concept, but it is broader than the crisis-specific, time-limited framing intended by the SNOMED term.
263147003 (Crushing of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Crushing (neurolysis by compression) is one method of destroying nerve function; ICHI ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of peripheral nerve by any means (open approach), which is broader than the specific mechanical crushing technique. No ICHI code distinguishes crushing from other destructive methods, and cranial/spinal nerve variants exist separately (AAN.GA.AA, ABN) if the nerve type is known.
73529003 (Cryoprecipitate preparation)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)Cryoprecipitate preparation is a blood-banking/laboratory process of separating and concentrating clotting factors from fresh frozen plasma; the closest ICHI code covers collection/processing of blood or blood products broadly, but does not specify the cryoprecipitation technique or the resulting product type.
231417007 (Cryotherapy to Gasserian ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The Gasserian (semilunar/trigeminal) ganglion is a cranial nerve ganglion, and cryotherapy applied to it constitutes percutaneous destruction — the standard route for this procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all cranial nerves and all percutaneous destructive means, not specifically cryotherapy to the Gasserian ganglion.
231415004 (Cryotherapy to nerves or ganglia)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Cryotherapy is a specific modality (cold-induced destruction) applied to nerves or ganglia; ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of peripheral nerve by any means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated cryotherapy/cryo-destruction code for nerves, and ganglia are not separately coded as an intervention target distinct from peripheral nerves.
171904007 (Cryotherapy to thoracic sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)The thoracic sympathetic nerve block (ADC) only has codes for anaesthetic injection and excision — no destruction code exists under BlockL5-ADC. The closest available code is destruction of peripheral nerve (ACA.GA.AA), which captures the destructive intent of cryotherapy but is broader in both target (peripheral nerve rather than specifically thoracic sympathetic) and means (any vs. cryo).
16555501000119102 (CT guided injection of celiac plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for injection into the celiac (coeliac) plexus; ACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve, percutaneous) is the closest match capturing the injection action and percutaneous approach, but the celiac plexus is an autonomic/splanchnic structure not categorised under peripheral nerve, and CT-guidance as means is not reflected, making this a broader approximation.
866217008 (CT guided injection of spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ICHI ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into the spinal nerve broadly, which encompasses CT-guided nerve root injection, but it does not distinguish CT guidance from other percutaneous approaches and uses "spinal nerve" rather than the more specific "nerve root." The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
438349002 (CT guided lumbar sympathectomy)maps to wider conceptADD.JK.AA (Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve)ADD.JK.AA captures lumbar sympathectomy (total excision of the lumbar sympathetic nerve chain) but does not encode CT guidance as the imaging means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies CT-guided technique.
309888002 (Cut test cavity in tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Cut test cavity in tooth" is a specific preparatory dental drilling step performed to assess or prepare a tooth (e.g., to test for caries extent), which is a sub-step within the broader restorative dentistry workflow coded as KAE.MK.AC. ICHI's tooth restoration code is broader as it encompasses the full restorative procedure, not just the cavity preparation step.
274505004 (Cut-down infusion)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)A venous cut-down infusion involves surgically incising the skin and vein to expose and cannulate a peripheral vein for fluid administration — ICHI captures the device insertion into a vein via the open approach (AA = open), but does not have a dedicated code combining incision, cannulation, and infusion as a single procedure, making the ICHI code broader.
242050004 (Cut-down injection)maps to wider conceptIZD.FA.AA (Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified)A cut-down injection involves surgically exposing a vein via incision to administer an injection, and IZD.FA.AA (incision of vein, open approach) captures the defining surgical access component. However, it does not encode the subsequent injection/administration, so the ICHI code is broader in scope than this specific combined procedure.
446716004 (Cystoscopic laser photocoagulation of hemorrhage of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.LA.AC (Transurethral haemostasis of bladder)NAI.LA.AC captures the essential clinical intent (endoscopic control of bleeding in the bladder via the transurethral route), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify laser photocoagulation as the means — the ICHI means axis does not offer a laser/photocoagulation option for this code, so the specific technique is lost.
447381007 (Cystoscopy and destruction of valve of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)NAM.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra, which includes destruction of posterior urethral valves via cystoscopy. The ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to valvular tissue and does not specify the cystoscopic instrument as the means axis uses AD (endoscopic), while the SNOMED concept is narrowly defined as valve destruction.
176162009 (Cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral (cystoscopic) destruction of bladder lesions, which semantically matches the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the laser technique at the category level (laser would be an extension means), making the ICHI code broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept.
1348332002 (Cytopathology procedure)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)XG4JJ6 "Cytology" is the closest ICHI match for cytopathology, as both relate to cell-level examination for diagnostic purposes; however, ICHI "Cytology" is broader in that it does not specifically denote the pathological/diagnostic interpretation aspect implied by "cytopathology procedure," which also encompasses techniques beyond cytology alone.
77896007 (Cytopathology procedure, cell block and smear preparation)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)ICHI has no code for the specific laboratory technique of preparing a cell block and smear; XG4JJ6 "Cytology" is a supplementary/extension code that broadly covers cytological examination. The SNOMED concept specifies a dual preparation method (cell block plus smear), making the ICHI code considerably broader.
7613004 (Dacryoadenotomy)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)Dacryoadenotomy is incision specifically of the lacrimal gland; ICHI has no code for incision of the lacrimal gland alone, so BAD.FA.AA (incision of the broader lacrimal apparatus) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus rather than the gland specifically.
29634001 (Dacryocystorhinostomy via internal approach with laser)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)BAD.LI.AA covers dacryocystorhinostomy in general (open approach), and BAD.LI.AD covers the endoscopic variant; neither code specifies a laser-assisted internal/endonasal approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the laser means or internal approach specificity of the SNOMED concept.
86494003 (de Grandmont operation)maps to wider conceptBAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of eyelid)The de Grandmont operation is a tarsectomy — excision of the tarsal plate of the eyelid for correction of entropion or ptosis — which is a partial excision of the eyelid structure; BAA.JJ.AA (partial excision of eyelid) is the closest match but is broader, covering any partial eyelid excision without specifying the tarsal plate target or the functional indication.
55047003 (Debridement of compound fracture of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JG.AA (Debridement of skull)MAA.JG.AA is the correct target (skull) and action (JG = debridement) combination; however, the ICHI code does not specify that the context is a compound (open) fracture, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to that specific injury scenario.
19780006 (Debridement of infection of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue with incision but does not encode the "infection" qualifier that is part of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader. The NEC code is used because the SNOMED concept is not specific to any body region, and none of the region-specific skin debridement codes fully captures a site-unspecified infected skin debridement.
84258003 (Debridement of open fracture of bone, except facial bones)maps to wider conceptMRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)ICHI provides no code that restricts bone debridement to non-facial bones specifically; MRB.JG.AA covers bone debridement at any unspecified site and does not encode the "open fracture" context or the facial bone exclusion, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
54459001 (Debridement of open fracture of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of hand or finger)The anatomical target (hand/finger bone) aligns well, but ICHI does not encode the "open fracture" clinical context, so the ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any bone debridement of the hand regardless of fracture type.
31061008 (Debridement of open fracture of humerus)maps to wider conceptMEB.JG.AA (Debridement of humerus)The anatomical target (humerus) is a precise match, but ICHI does not specify the "open fracture" clinical context, making the ICHI code applicable to any humerus debridement and therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
449684003 (Debridement of open fracture of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no single code covering bone debridement across the entire lower limb; the available codes are per bone segment (femur, tibia/fibula, foot/toe). MRB.JG.AA (unspecified site) is the best available broader code, as it captures bone debridement without the open fracture qualifier or lower limb restriction.
70580003 (Debridement of open fracture of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of forearm)The radius is one of the two forearm bones, so ICHI's "bone of forearm" target encompasses both radius and ulna without distinguishing between them. The open fracture context (which drives the clinical indication for debridement) is not represented in the ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
37596006 (Debridement of open fracture of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of forearm)The ulna is the second forearm bone and ICHI's "bone of forearm" target covers both forearm bones without individual specification. As with the radius concept, the open fracture context is absent from the ICHI code, making it broader.
85572001 (Debridement of open fracture, carpal or metacarpal)maps to wider conceptMGB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of hand or finger)Carpal and metacarpal bones are anatomically located in the hand, and ICHI groups them under "bone of hand or finger," which also includes phalanges (finger bones) not intended by the SNOMED concept. The open fracture specification is again absent, so the ICHI code is broader on both the target and clinical context axes.
412760005 (Debulking of lower eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eyelid)Debulking of the lower eyelid is a volume-reducing excision procedure on the eyelid; ICHI codes at the general eyelid level without distinguishing upper from lower eyelid, and "local excision of lesion" is broader than the cytoreductive/debulking concept.
448031005 (Debulking of neoplasm of abdominal cavity)maps to wider conceptPAK.JI.AA (Excision of intra-abdominal lesion)ICHI's "Excision of intra-abdominal lesion" covers the same anatomical site and surgical action, but does not capture the partial/cytoreductive nature of debulking (which leaves residual tumour intentionally) and does not specify "neoplasm".
447376003 (Debulking of neoplasm of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal cord)Local excision of a spinal cord lesion corresponds anatomically and procedurally, but ICHI does not convey the partial/cytoreductive intent of debulking nor restrict the target to a neoplasm.
736737004 (Debulking of scapular flap of foot)maps to wider conceptLAG.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)Flap debulking/thinning is fundamentally a soft-tissue reduction procedure; "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb" best captures this intent and the lower-limb site, though it does not specify the foot, the flap origin, or the free-flap revision context.
412759000 (Debulking of upper eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of eyelid)ICHI does not have a specific "debulking" code; BAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of eyelid) is the closest structural match as debulking involves removing a portion of tissue. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish upper from lower eyelid and covers any form of partial excision rather than debulking specifically.
232833002 (Decalcification of implanted aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)ICHI has no dedicated decalcification procedure; decalcification of an implanted valve is a specific form of valve repair, so HDE.MK.AA is the most appropriate parent concept. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of aortic valve repair, not just decalcification of a prosthetic valve.
232866003 (Decalcification of implanted pulmonary valve)maps to wider conceptHDG.MK.AA (Repair of pulmonary valve)As with the aortic valve concept, ICHI lacks a specific decalcification code; decalcification of an implanted pulmonary valve falls under the broader category of pulmonary valve repair. HDG.MK.AA is the most precise available match, but it covers all pulmonary valve repairs rather than this specific intervention.
232942008 (Decalcification of implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve)ICHI has no decalcification-specific code for any valve; HDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve) is the best available match as decalcification of an implanted valve is a form of repair. The ICHI code is broader, covering all types of truncal valve repair rather than this specific procedure.
231071008 (Decompression of anterior interosseous nerve in forearm)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ACA.FC.AA covers release (decompression) of any peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific, identifying the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm as the target, whereas the ICHI code applies to all peripheral nerves without site or nerve specificity.
405306003 (Decompression of artery)maps to wider conceptIZE.FC.AA (Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.FC.AA represents release/decompression of an unspecified blood vessel and is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it covers all blood vessels (veins and arteries), while also being a residual "NEC" category rather than an artery-specific code.
175180005 (Decompression of cardiac tamponade)maps to wider conceptHFF.JB.AE (Pericardiocentesis)Pericardiocentesis (percutaneous needle drainage of the pericardial space) is the primary and most common procedure for relieving cardiac tamponade, making it the best ICHI match; however, the ICHI code represents only the percutaneous approach and does not cover surgical (open) drainage methods also encompassed by the SNOMED concept, nor does it encode the tamponade indication.
328895009 (Decompression of common bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct)ICHI does not have a specific "decompression" term for the bile duct, but drainage is the functional equivalent procedure performed to relieve biliary obstruction/pressure. The ICHI code covers all bile duct drainage rather than being specific to the common bile duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
171481008 (Decompression of foramen magnum)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)Foramen magnum decompression (e.g., for Chiari malformation) is surgically performed by suboccipital craniectomy — removal of the posterior rim of the foramen magnum — which maps to ICHI craniectomy. The ICHI code is broader as craniectomy covers any cranial bone removal, not specifically at the foramen magnum.
24933008 (Decompression of heart)maps to wider conceptHFF.FA.AA (Pericardiotomy)"Decompression of heart" most commonly refers to surgical relief of cardiac tamponade via pericardiotomy (incision of the pericardium). ICHI's pericardiotomy code is the closest structural match, though the SNOMED term is broader and could also encompass pericardiocentesis (HFF.JB.AE); pericardiotomy is the surgical archetype of cardiac decompression.
81005001 (Decompression of imperforate anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)Decompression of imperforate anus involves incising or opening the obstructed anal outlet to establish bowel continuity, which maps most closely to incision of anus and perianal tissue. ICHI does not have a specific code for imperforate anus repair/decompression, so this is the best available match, though the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the congenital anomaly context.
239435000 (Decompression of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JB.AA (Drainage of joint of unspecified site)Decompression of a joint typically involves relieving pressure by draining fluid (aspiration/arthrocentesis), which corresponds to drainage of a joint. The unspecified-site code MRJ.JB.AA is used because the SNOMED concept is also non-site-specific; the ICHI code is slightly broader as drainage encompasses more than just decompression.
37073001 (Decompression of labyrinth)maps to wider conceptCCA.JB.AC (Drainage of inner ear)Labyrinthine decompression involves relieving endolymphatic pressure in the inner ear (labyrinth), most closely represented by drainage of inner ear (CCA.JB.AC); the endolymphatic shunt code (CCA.LI.AA) is an alternative but represents a more specific technique, while the SNOMED term covers the broader decompression concept. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all forms of inner ear drainage, not only pressure-relief procedures.
66799000 (Decompression of lateral cutaneous femoral nerve of thigh)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code specific to the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (the nerve responsible for meralgia paresthetica); the closest match is the general "Release of peripheral nerve" code which covers the same surgical action (decompression/release) applied to any peripheral nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the nerve and the anatomical site.
47534009 (Decompression of median nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI does not have a code specific to the median nerve; decompression of the median nerve (as in carpal tunnel release) maps to the general "Release of peripheral nerve," which is broader as it applies to any peripheral nerve rather than the median nerve specifically.
171876009 (Decompression of nerve via subclavian approach)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code capturing the subclavian (infraclavicular) approach to nerve decompression, which is a specific surgical route typically used for brachial plexus or subclavian nerve decompression; mapping to the general "Release of peripheral nerve" captures the procedure type but loses the approach specificity encoded in the SNOMED concept.
59428000 (Decompression of plantar digital nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code specific to the plantar digital nerve; "Release of peripheral nerve" (ACA.FC.AA) is the closest procedural match since decompression/release of a plantar digital nerve is a form of peripheral nerve release. The ICHI code is broader, covering release of any peripheral nerve rather than this specific nerve in the foot.
1366582005 (Decompression of posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord and instrumentation)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)ICHI contains no code for the combined posterior fossa decompression with spinal cord release and instrumentation; "Release of spinal cord" (ABA.FC.AA) captures the central spinal cord decompression component but misses the posterior fossa (cranial) aspect and the instrumentation element, making it broader and incomplete relative to this multi-component SNOMED concept.
231072001 (Decompression of posterior interosseous nerve in forearm)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code specific to the posterior interosseous nerve (a deep branch of the radial nerve in the forearm); "Release of peripheral nerve" (ACA.FC.AA) is the best available match as decompression of this nerve is a peripheral nerve release procedure. The ICHI code covers all peripheral nerves, not this specific forearm nerve.
300010007 (Decompression of radial nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI lacks a code specific to radial nerve decompression; "Release of peripheral nerve" (ACA.FC.AA) is the best procedural match since radial nerve decompression is a form of peripheral nerve release. The ICHI code is broader, applying to any peripheral nerve rather than the radial nerve specifically.
1366648005 (Decompression of spine)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)ICHI "Release of spinal canal" (ABG.FC.AA) captures the decompression of the spinal canal structure, which is the anatomical target of spinal decompression procedures. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any mechanism of spinal canal release, while the SNOMED concept is general across all spine levels and implicitly includes both osseous and neural elements not fully specified by the canal target alone.
47388000 (Decompression of tarsal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Tarsal tunnel decompression surgically releases the tibial nerve (a peripheral nerve) at the ankle, and ACA.FC.AA "Release of peripheral nerve" is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers release of any peripheral nerve at any site, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the tibial nerve at the tarsal tunnel of the ankle.
24274003 (Decompression of tendon or tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of unspecified site)"Release of tendon of unspecified site" (MRT.FC.AA) corresponds well to tendon/tendon sheath decompression — ICHI action FC (release) maps directly to surgical decompression/freeing. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify whether the target is the tendon itself or the sheath, and encompasses any anatomical site.
77135006 (Decompression of trigeminal nerve root)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.FC.AA (release of cranial nerve) captures the action correctly; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any cranial nerve and does not specify the trigeminal root specifically. An extension code for the trigeminal nerve (XA72G0) could be appended for greater specificity.
274000001 (Decompression of ulnar nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)The ulnar nerve is a peripheral nerve, and ACA.FC.AA (release of peripheral nerve) semantically matches the decompression/release action; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any peripheral nerve, not specifically the ulnar nerve. An extension code for the ulnar nerve (XA2AS2) could narrow the specificity.
1288015005 (Decompressive craniectomy)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)MAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy) describes the same procedure — removal of a portion of skull — but does not encode the decompressive intent that distinguishes this from other craniectomies (e.g. for tumour access); the ICHI code is therefore broader in scope.
1255386001 (Decreased oxalate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)A decreased-oxalate diet is a specific therapeutic dietary prescription targeting reduction of dietary oxalate intake (e.g., for kidney stone prevention or hyperoxaluria); ICHI UAB.TI.ZZ "Prescription of food" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any prescribed food modification without specifying the oxalate-restricted nature or the clinical indication.
669321000168101 (Defense force pre-deployment health screen)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A pre-deployment health screen for defence force personnel is a structured general health assessment performed before deployment; ICHI PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" captures the broad clinical activity but does not encode the occupational/military context or the pre-deployment purpose, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1359940004 (Defibulation of labia minora during second stage of labor to facilitate vaginal delivery of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMI.FC.AA (Release of vulva)Defibulation (reversal of female genital cutting/infibulation) of the labia minora performed intrapartum is best represented by NMI.FC.AA "Release of vulva," as defibulation is a release/division of fused or closed vulval tissue; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the intrapartum timing, the specific substructure (labia minora), or the obstetric purpose of facilitating delivery.
65378009 (Delayed repair of episiotomy)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)Delayed repair of an episiotomy is a repair of the perineum/episiotomy wound performed after a deliberate delay (as opposed to immediate primary closure); PAW.MK.AA "Repair of perineum" covers the surgical repair but is broader because it does not distinguish the episiotomy-specific anatomy or the "delayed" (secondary repair) timing from any other perineal repair.
2321005 (Delivery by Ritgen maneuver)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)The Ritgen maneuver is a specific perineal guarding technique used during the second stage of vaginal delivery to control head extension and protect the perineum. ICHI's "Vaginal delivery" (NME.JF.AC) captures the procedure class but does not encode this specific manual technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
408819007 (Delivery of placenta by maternal effort)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Delivery of the placenta by maternal effort (physiological third stage) is a component of the vaginal delivery process. ICHI's NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery as a whole and does not separately classify the mode of placental expulsion, making it broader; NMM.JE.AC (manual removal of retained placenta) is explicitly for retained placenta and would be a wrong match here.
56620000 (Delivery of placenta following delivery of infant outside of hospital)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)This concept describes an out-of-hospital placental delivery event following an unplanned out-of-hospital birth; the setting (outside hospital) and the specific event (placental delivery) are both granular details absent in ICHI. NME.JF.AC is the closest applicable code but is considerably broader, covering vaginal delivery without regard to setting or specific stage.
410539008 (Delivery place booking)maps to wider conceptNUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning)"Delivery place booking" is a specific administrative act of reserving a birth facility, while "Birth planning" in ICHI is a broader concept encompassing all planning related to childbirth functions. No ICHI code exists for the administrative/logistic act of booking a delivery location specifically.
18723003 (Demand pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Demand pacing is a specific pacemaker operating mode (sensing-inhibited/triggered), whereas ICHI's "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" covers all post-implant device management without distinguishing pacing modes. No ICHI code specifies demand (inhibited) pacing as distinct from other pacing modes.
81705005 (Denervation of aortic body)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)The aortic body (para-aortic chemoreceptor organ) is innervated by peripheral nerve fibres, and denervation constitutes destruction of those fibres; however, ICHI's code covers destruction of any peripheral nerve without specificity to the aortic body target. No ICHI code exists for denervation of the aortic body or chemoreceptor organ specifically.
698613000 (Dengue fever outbreak education)maps to wider conceptUBQ.PM.ZZ (Education about animal vectors of disease)Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease transmitted by mosquitoes (animal vectors), so education about dengue fever outbreaks fits within ICHI's "Education about animal vectors of disease." The ICHI code is broader as it covers all vector-borne diseases and is not specific to dengue or outbreak contexts.
77180007 (Denis-Browne splint strapping)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)Denis-Browne splint strapping is a specific orthopedic technique used for clubfoot correction, involving a bar-and-boots splint secured with strapping to the feet. ICHI's PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint NEC, which is broader than this specific device and technique, making it the closest available code.
34043003 (Dental consultation and report)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)A dental consultation and report encompasses clinical assessment, history-taking, and documentation, which maps most closely to KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) within the "Interventions on teeth" block. ICHI does not have a specific code for consultation with written report, so this broader dental examination code is the best available fit.
234774008 (Dental try-in)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A dental try-in is a prosthodontic step where a denture or restoration framework is placed in the mouth to assess fit and aesthetics before final fabrication. KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader and intended for ongoing management of appliances rather than a specific fabrication trial step.
73007006 (Dermatology consultation and report)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specialty-specific consultation code; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) covers the clinical assessment encounter component of a dermatology consultation but is broader because it is not limited to dermatology and does not encompass the report/documentation element.
112840007 (Dermodesis)maps to wider conceptLZZ.LC.AA (Fixation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Dermodesis is a surgical procedure that anchors or fixes skin (e.g., to correct blepharoptosis or loose skin), which maps directly to the LC (fixation) action on skin targets; the ICHI code is wider because it is not site-specific, whereas the SNOMED concept can refer to a specific anatomical application.
177056005 (Destruction of lesion of broad ligament of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)ICHI has no dedicated code for the broad ligament specifically; the closest code is NME.GA.AA, which covers destruction of the uterus and its supporting structures (which includes the broad ligament). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all uterine supporting structures rather than the broad ligament alone.
25444001 (Destruction of lesion of choroid by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)BCA.GA.AH is the best available match — it covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment of the eyeball, which semantically encompasses destruction of a choroidal lesion. However, the ICHI code is broader (it does not specify the means as diathermy), and it also covers retinal lesions, making it slightly wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically choroid + diathermy.
173445003 (Destruction of lesion of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction anywhere in the oral cavity (NEC), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the floor of mouth. ICHI has no code targeting the floor of mouth as a distinct subsite, so the oral cavity NEC code is the best available but is anatomically broader.
307366000 (Destruction of lesion of ileostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)An ileostomy is a surgical stoma of the ileum (a segment of the small intestine), so KBK.GA.AA — destruction of a lesion of the small intestine NEC — is the most anatomically appropriate match. ICHI has no code specific to a stoma site, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1299162005 (Destruction of lesion of large intestine using laser)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)KBP.GA.AA is the best structural match for laser destruction of a large intestine lesion; ICHI does not have a laser-specific means variant for this target, and the code also covers tissue (not only lesions), making it slightly broader. The endoscopic variant KBP.GA.AD could be considered if the route is endoscopic, but without that qualification KBP.GA.AA is the more general and appropriate choice.
51069000 (Destruction of lesion of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI codes destruction of the nerve itself rather than a discrete lesion on a nerve, and ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the closest functional match. The code is broader both in that it covers the whole nerve (not a lesion) and that the SNOMED concept does not specify nerve type, though peripheral nerve is the most common clinical context for this procedure.
81214004 (Destruction of lesion of rectum by laser)maps to wider conceptKBW.GA.AC (Destruction of rectal lesion or tissue)KBW.GA.AC covers destruction of rectal lesion or tissue by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means. ICHI has no rectal laser-specific code, so the ICHI code is broader in that it does not constrain the means to laser.
43111005 (Destruction of lesion of retina by implantation of radiation source)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy)BCA.GA.BA captures destruction of retinal/posterior-segment lesion using radiotherapy, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it covers all posterior ocular structures (not only retina) and any form of radiotherapy rather than specifically implanted radiation (brachytherapy).
450342000 (Destruction of sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated "destruction of sympathetic nerve" code; the sympathetic nerve block only contains location-specific excision codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral). ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified fallback for sympathetic nervous system interventions and is broader, as it does not specify destruction as the action.
47400005 (Destruction of trigeminal ganglion by radiofrequency)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The trigeminal ganglion (CN V) is a cranial nerve structure, and percutaneous radiofrequency is the standard approach for this procedure — matching the "AE" percutaneous means axis. However, the ICHI code covers any cranial nerve (not just trigeminal) and does not specify radiofrequency as the destructive means, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
59378002 (Destructive procedure of nose and nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptJAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)The SNOMED concept covers destructive procedures on both the nose and nasopharynx, whereas JAA.GA.AC is scoped only to intranasal (nose) tissue. No destruction code exists in the nasopharynx block (JAM) in ICHI, making this the closest available code but covering only part of the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope.
315314001 (Destructive procedure of palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)The SNOMED concept encompasses destruction of the entire palate (both soft and hard), while KAS.GA.AC is restricted to the soft palate only; KAT.GA.AA covers the hard palate separately. No single ICHI code represents destruction of the palate as a whole, so the soft palate code is the best approximation of the most clinically common target, but the SNOMED concept is broader in anatomical scope.
449923009 (Destructive procedure on lower limb)maps to wider conceptLAG.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)The SNOMED concept refers to destructive procedures on the lower limb without tissue-type restriction, encompassing bone, joint, muscle, and vascular structures, whereas LAG.GA.AH is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb; it is the closest single ICHI code available but represents only a subset of the SNOMED concept's scope.
443529005 (Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in prenatal amniotic fluid specimen using FISH screening technique)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.AE (Amniocentesis)ICHI captures the specimen-collection step (amniocentesis — percutaneous sampling of the amniotic sac) but does not encode the downstream FISH cytogenetic analysis or the specific chromosomal aneuploidy target; the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, covering both the sampling procedure and the laboratory analytical technique applied to the specimen.
1156333005 (Determination of subject's care preferences)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Individualised planning" is a broader concept covering the development of a personalised health plan for a whole person, which encompasses but is not limited to eliciting and documenting care preferences; ICHI lacks a dedicated code for the specific act of determining patient treatment or care wishes.
1343698007 (Development of behavior change plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Individualised planning" under "Interventions on whole person" is the structurally closest ICHI concept, covering the creation of a personalised health action plan; however, it is broader than the specific act of developing a behaviour change plan and does not target the health-behaviour domain explicitly.
401191002 (Diabetic foot examination)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for foot examination; the closest assignable code is the residual "physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified," which is broader than the SNOMED concept in both anatomical specificity (any body site vs. foot) and clinical context (no diabetes-specific qualifier).
181695006 (Diagnostic aspiration curettage of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)ICHI's "Suction curettage of uterus" captures the aspiration/suction curettage technique on the correct anatomical target, but does not encode the "diagnostic" purpose that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a therapeutic procedure; the ICHI code is therefore broader in clinical intent.
1255919007 (Dilute bleach bath therapy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Dilute bleach (sodium hypochlorite) bath is a topical antiseptic/antimicrobial application to skin, best captured by LZZ.DB.AH (external application of substance to skin, NEC); ICHI does not have a specific code for bleach-bath immersion therapy, so the best match is this broader residual category covering substance application to unspecified skin site.
1683003 (Direct closure of laceration of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)BBA.MK.AA covers repair of conjunctiva broadly, which encompasses direct suture closure of a laceration; ICHI does not further specify the repair technique (direct closure vs. graft) or the type of wound (laceration), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
180325003 (Direct current cardioversion)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia without specifying the means (electrical vs. pharmacological), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the external electrical (DC shock) method; the ICHI code is therefore broader, but it is the only ICHI assignable code in the conducting system block that represents this intervention.
308842001 (Direct current defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)ICHI's "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia" covers the functional goal (restoring normal rhythm) but is broader than DC defibrillation specifically — it does not encode the direct current electrical modality or distinguish it from chemical/other cardioversion methods. No more specific defibrillation code exists in ICHI.
405672008 (Direct questioning)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI has no dedicated "direct questioning" code; the closest concept is an interview targeting the whole person (PZB.AN.ZZ), which covers the act of obtaining information via structured verbal interaction, but it is broader and does not capture the specific directed-question technique implied by the SNOMED term.
1351336003 (Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)ICHI does not have a specific code for laser trabeculoplasty; the trabecular meshwork is a structure of the anterior chamber, and laser trabeculoplasty is a form of targeted destruction within that compartment, making BBE.GA.AH the best available match — though it is considerably broader, covering any modality of anterior chamber destruction.
81078003 (Disability evaluation procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated disability evaluation code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest structural fit as a whole-person assessment procedure, but it covers any general health assessment, not specifically disability or functional capacity evaluation.
306383002 (Discharge by counselor)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 is the only discharge-related code in ICHI and represents the discharge planning process as an administrative/nature-of-intervention extension code; ICHI does not differentiate discharge by professional type (counselor, psychologist, midwife, etc.), making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
306525007 (Discharge by educational psychologist)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 is the only discharge code in ICHI and captures the discharge planning concept without any distinction for the type of clinician (educational psychologist) performing the discharge.
439141002 (Discharge by mental health primary care worker)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 covers discharge planning generically; ICHI has no mechanism to specify the practitioner role (mental health primary care worker) associated with the discharge act, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
410425006 (Discipline case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)Case coordination in ICHI covers the broad activity of organising and linking services for an individual, which encompasses discipline-specific case management; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to a single clinical discipline, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes management within a particular discipline's scope.
410284006 (Discipline education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ captures the counselling component of this multi-component concept and sits on the whole-person level without discipline restriction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically combines education, guidance, and counselling within a discipline's scope; no single ICHI code unifies education, advising, and counselling in one.
223488008 (Discussion about changes in lifestyle)maps to wider conceptVE1.PN.ZZ (Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)VE1.PN.ZZ covers advising about lifestyle behaviours broadly, the closest ICHI action to a clinician-led discussion aimed at prompting lifestyle change; however, the ICHI code is broader because "advising" encompasses more than a focused discussion about change, and "unspecified" covers all lifestyle domains rather than a specific change agenda.
699230004 (Discussion about domestic abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.PN.ZZ (Advising about family and partner violence behaviours)VBB.PN.ZZ covers advising about family and partner violence behaviours, the closest ICHI construct to a clinical discussion about domestic abuse. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full behaviour-change intervention domain (not just a discussion), and "family and partner violence" is slightly wider than the narrower SNOMED concept of domestic abuse specifically.
445033007 (Discussion about ideal body weight)maps to wider conceptKTN.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions related to weight management)KTN.PN.ZZ captures a clinical interaction focused on weight management, aligning well with a discussion about ideal body weight. The ICHI code is slightly broader because "weight management functions" encompasses the full spectrum of weight-related advising, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to ideal body weight as a topic of discussion.
703521002 (Discussion about partner or spouse relationship)maps to wider conceptSSM.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in intimate relationships)SSM.PP.ZZ covers counselling interventions targeting intimate relationships (partner/spouse), aligning well with a discussion specifically about a partner or spousal relationship. The ICHI code is slightly broader because "intimate relationships" encompasses all intimate dyads and is not restricted to a single discussion episode.
223470000 (Discussion about signs and symptoms)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI has no code specifically for discussing signs and symptoms; the closest clinical equivalent is a whole-person interview, which encompasses history-taking including signs and symptoms but is broader in scope. No SGD "discussion" target code addresses clinical symptom content.
473187007 (Discussion about vaginal bleeding)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI lacks a code for a discussion specifically about vaginal bleeding; the closest clinical encounter code is the general whole-person interview, which is substantially broader and does not capture the gynaecological specificity. Vaginal bleeding in ICHI only appears as a target of procedural haemostatic interventions, not clinical discussions.
70930004 (Disease condition determination)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Disease condition determination" equates to establishing a clinical diagnosis, and the closest ICHI code is the general health assessment of the whole person; this is broader because it encompasses the full assessment process rather than the specific act of determining a diagnosis, and ICHI has no dedicated "diagnosis" or "condition determination" action code.
1236972005 (Disinfection of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AH covers external application of any substance to skin (NEC), which is the structural action closest to applying an antiseptic/disinfectant to skin; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all topical substance applications, not specifically antisepsis or disinfection.
449317006 (Dispensing of contact lens)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for contact lens dispensing; the nearest match is UAD.RD.ZZ — providing goods (assistive products/technology) for personal use in daily living — which captures the act of supplying an optical device but is considerably broader, covering all personal daily-living products rather than contact lenses specifically.
440298008 (Dispensing of pharmaceutical/biologic product)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)"Providing medications" (UAC.RD.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept to pharmaceutical/biologic dispensing, sitting in the "Interventions on medicaments" block. However, ICHI's term is broader — it covers general provision of medications without specifically denoting the dispensing act performed by a pharmacist, and "biologic products" are not distinguished from medications in this code.
232551006 (Displacement of vocal cord with biological graft)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)No ICHI code exists for vocal cord medialization/displacement with graft specifically; the best available match is "Reconstruction of larynx" (JAN.ML.AA), which encompasses laryngeal framework surgery including thyroplasty with graft materials. This code is broader as it covers any laryngeal reconstruction, not just vocal cord displacement with a biological graft specifically.
708019002 (Displacement of vocal cord with non-biological graft)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)As with the biological graft variant, no dedicated ICHI code distinguishes vocal cord displacement by graft material type; "Reconstruction of larynx" (JAN.ML.AA) is the best available fit. The graft material distinction (non-biological vs biological) is not captured in ICHI, making this a wider match.
870390003 (Dissection of fissure of Sylvius)maps to wider conceptAAA.FB.AA (Division of brain tissue)The Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) is a brain structure and its dissection — typically performed as a surgical approach step during intracranial procedures — is best captured by "Division of brain tissue" (AAA.FB.AA) in the "Interventions on brain" block. This is wider because ICHI does not have a code specific to the Sylvian fissure or arachnoid dissection along that cleft.
173430005 (Dissection tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy)maps to wider conceptDAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy)ICHI has no single combined code for tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy; the two procedures are coded separately as DAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy) and DAB.JK.AC (Adenoidectomy). Mapping to the tonsillectomy code alone means the ICHI code is broader in the sense that it captures only part of the SNOMED concept, omitting the adenoidectomy component.
230958000 (Division of glossopharyngeal nerve in tonsillar fossa)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)The glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve IX, so AAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve) is the correct structural category but covers all cranial nerves, not specifically CN IX in the tonsillar fossa. ICHI does not encode the specific nerve identity or the tonsillar fossa approach at this level of detail.
210098006 (Domiciliary or rest home patient evaluation and management)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest available ICHI code for a comprehensive patient evaluation, but ICHI has no concept encoding the place of service (domiciliary/rest home) or the management component distinct from assessment. The ICHI code is thus broader, capturing only the assessment dimension without the setting specificity.
1187106001 (Doppler ultrasonography)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Doppler ultrasonography is a technique used across many anatomical targets, but ICHI encodes ultrasound (means BJ) per specific target organ/vessel. IZE.BA.BJ is the most generic vessel-level ultrasound code available, though it is still vessel-specific rather than a technique-only code; the unspecified residual nature ("not elsewhere classified") makes it the best available match for the generic concept.
313006001 (Doppler ultrasonography of fetal heart for heart sounds)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to fetal cardiac Doppler; NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal structure using ultrasound means (.BJ), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the fetal heart specifically for Doppler heart-sound assessment.
439858009 (Doppler ultrasonography of heart tissue)maps to wider conceptHZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography)Tissue Doppler imaging is a specific echocardiographic modality assessing myocardial velocity, but ICHI does not distinguish it from general echocardiography; HZZ.BA.BJ is the best available code and subsumes all cardiac ultrasound techniques including tissue Doppler.
12826007 (Dorrance operation, push-back operation for cleft palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft palate)The Dorrance push-back palatoplasty is a specific technique for cleft palate repair that primarily repositions soft palate musculature; KAS.ML.AA (reconstruction of soft palate) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any soft palate reconstruction regardless of technique or aetiology.
172619007 (Drainage of hematoma of pinna and insertion of bolster sutures)maps to wider conceptCAC.JB.AA (Drainage of auricle)The pinna and auricle are anatomically synonymous, and CAC.JB.AA captures the dominant drainage component of the procedure. However, ICHI does not represent the additional step of bolster suture insertion, making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
281755000 (Drainage of infected ganglion)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific ganglion drainage code; the soft tissue (unspecified site) drainage code best accommodates this procedure since ganglion cysts can occur at various anatomical sites and SNOMED does not specify location. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the ganglion target or the infected/inflammatory context.
174403009 (Drainage of pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Pilonidal sinus is located in the sacrococcygeal region of the trunk, making LAB.JB.AA the best anatomical fit. ICHI does not have a specific pilonidal sinus code, so the trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage code is wider, capturing neither the specific sinus type nor the pilonidal pathology.
836451004 (Drainage of seroma of left breast using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)Catheter-based seroma drainage of the breast is a percutaneous drainage procedure, making LCA.JB.AE the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the seroma-specific pathology, the catheter as means, or the laterality (left).
836452006 (Drainage of seroma of right breast using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)Identical procedural logic to 836451004; the catheter-based seroma drainage maps to percutaneous breast drainage. Laterality (right) is not encoded in the base ICHI code but can be appended using an ICHI extension code for laterality.
33899008 (Drainage of spleen by marsupialization)maps to wider conceptDJA.JB.AA (Drainage of spleen)ICHI captures the target (spleen) and action (drainage) but does not encode the specific technique of marsupialization, which involves creating a pouch to maintain drainage; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
445337000 (Drilling and filling of cavity of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" in ICHI corresponds to the clinical concept of drilling and filling a dental cavity, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all restorative approaches (composite, amalgam, inlay, etc.) without specifying the drill-and-fill technique.
117253005 (Drug screen test method)maps to wider conceptVAC.AC.ZZ (Test of illicit drug use behaviours)VAC.AC.ZZ represents a test targeting illicit drug use behaviours at the behavioural/public-health level, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on the laboratory test method (e.g., immunoassay urine screen); the ICHI code does not specify the biological specimen, analyte, or analytical technique that "drug screen test method" implies.
416608005 (Drug therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)"Drug therapy" as a concept encompasses the full act of pharmacological treatment, whereas ICHI's code covers only the act of administering the drug without specifying route; ICHI has no single code representing drug therapy as a broad clinical category.
225138008 (Drying skin creases)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)Drying skin creases is a specific nursing/personal hygiene task applied to skin folds, which falls within the ICHI domain of hands-on body care; SMC.RA.ZZ covers performing any body-part care task, making it broader than this specific skin-crease drying act, but it is the closest ICHI code in scope and conceptual domain.
440496005 (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body)DEXA is a specialised dual-energy X-ray technique primarily used to measure bone mineral density across the whole body, while ICHI's PZA.BA.BA represents plain X-ray of the whole body without capturing the dual-energy absorptiometry technique; the target (whole body) is correct but the means is not specific to DEXA, making ICHI broader and less precise.
182976004 (Dual therapy Helicobacter pylori)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)H. pylori dual therapy is a specific two-drug antibiotic prescribing regimen to eradicate H. pylori infection; ICHI has no code for H. pylori eradication or specific antibiotic regimen, and PZX.TI.ZZ captures only the generic act of prescribing pharmacotherapy with no specificity for the organism, the regimen type, or the body target.
410331005 (Durable medical equipment case management)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.SM.ZZ covers management of assistive/personal-use products and technology, which is the closest ICHI concept to managing durable medical equipment; however it is broader because it encompasses all personal-use products and technology, not only durable medical equipment specifically, and does not capture the "case management" care-coordination dimension of the SNOMED concept.
410286008 (Durable medical equipment education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.PM.ZZ is the best available match as it addresses patient education about assistive/personal-use products and technology, directly paralleling education about durable medical equipment; it is wider because the target is all personal-use products and technology rather than durable medical equipment specifically, and it does not fully encompass the guidance and counselling dimensions (separate ICHI codes UAD.PN.ZZ and UAD.PP.ZZ would be needed to represent those aspects).
252171003 (Dynamic endocrine function test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ETK.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it represents assessment (the AA action axis) of endocrine gland functions, which aligns with a dynamic endocrine function test; it is wider because it covers all assessments of endocrine gland function rather than specifically dynamic/stimulation or suppression testing, and the ICHI code does not distinguish between static and dynamic test paradigms.
229550002 (Dynamic splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for dynamic splinting (a technique using spring-loaded or elastic force to maintain progressive joint motion); the closest match is the generic "Application of cast or splint, NEC" code, which is broader because it covers all splint application types without distinguishing dynamic from static techniques.
36714002 (Ear pedicle graft preparation)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pedicle graft preparation of the ear; "Reconstruction of auricle of ear" is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader — it covers all auricle reconstruction techniques, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes preparation of a pedicle (tube) flap graft as a staged procedure step.
410241005 (Ear wax removal assessment)maps to wider conceptCZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified)There is no ICHI code specifically for assessing ear wax (cerumen) or its removal; this SNOMED concept is a pre-procedure evaluation, and "Assessment of ear, NEC" is the broadest applicable ear assessment code — it is wider because it covers any ear assessment, not just cerumen/wax removal evaluation.
113028003 (Ear, nose and throat examination)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains individual examination codes for ear structures and for nasal/respiratory assessments, but no combined ENT examination code; the generic "Physical examination of a body site, NEC" is the best available single code, which is wider as it applies to any body site rather than specifically to ear, nose, and throat together.
302775008 (Ear, nose and throat tests)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)Like the ENT examination concept above, ICHI has no combined ENT testing code; individual codes exist for hearing tests (CTB.AC.ZZ), nasal provocation tests, and voice tests, but the multi-system ENT scope of this SNOMED concept maps most broadly to "Physical examination of a body site, NEC," which is wider since it encompasses any site and does not distinguish testing from examination.
439101000124101 (Easy to chew diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI code in the "Interventions on food" block; it covers any purposeful alteration of food properties, which includes texture modification such as an easy-to-chew diet, but is broader since it encompasses all types of food modification rather than specifically texture/chew-based modification.
710899008 (Education about adaptation technique)maps to wider conceptSM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)Adaptation techniques in occupational therapy and rehabilitation are taught to enable patients to perform self-care and daily activities despite limitations; SM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified) is the most applicable ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specifically convey the instruction of compensatory or adaptive strategies, only education related to self-care in general.
1281853006 (Education about career fairs)maps to wider conceptSU2.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)Career fairs are a specific mechanism for connecting individuals to employment opportunities, which falls within the work and employment domain of ICHI. SU2.PM.ZZ is broader — it covers all education about work and employment engagement, not specifically career fair participation as a route to employment.
1148687006 (Education about cessation of e-cigarette use)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)E-cigarettes are nicotine/tobacco products, and VAB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting all tobacco use behaviours including vaping and e-cigarette cessation. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all tobacco products, not e-cigarettes specifically.
1268727008 (Education about charitable organization)maps to wider conceptUEK.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of associations and organisational services, systems and policies)Charitable organizations are a specific type of association under the broader ICHI target of "associations and organisational services, systems and policies," making UEK.PM.ZZ the best structural fit. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all associational/organisational services, not just charitable entities.
725266001 (Education about choosing appropriate clothing)maps to wider conceptSME.PM.ZZ (Education about dressing)In ICHI, "dressing" (SME) is the self-care activity of putting on and selecting clothing, which closely aligns with choosing appropriate clothing. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers the full dressing activity rather than being limited to the selection/appropriateness aspect.
1155837006 (Education about clinical pathway)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)A clinical pathway is a specific health service/organisational tool, and UEP.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code covering education within the health services domain. The ICHI code is considerably broader, encompassing all health services, systems, and policies rather than clinical pathways specifically.
710822009 (Education about community services)maps to wider conceptUEO.PM.ZZ (Education about general social support services, systems and policies)"Community services" in health education contexts aligns most closely with general social support services, systems and policies in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the broader domain of social support services including systems and policies, not just community services as discrete entities a patient might access.
706986008 (Education about complication of treatment)maps to wider conceptSMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health)ICHI has no code specifically for educating a patient about complications of their treatment; the closest available code covers education in self-care and looking after one's health broadly, which subsumes but substantially exceeds the narrower SNOMED concept of treatment complication education.
58911000087107 (Education about conflict management)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PM.ZZ (Education about handling stress and other psychological demands)Conflict management is a psychological coping skill that falls within the domain of handling psychological demands; however, SDJ.PM.ZZ is broader, encompassing all forms of stress and psychological demands rather than conflict management specifically.
713379006 (Education about dehydration)maps to wider conceptETE.PM.ZZ (Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Dehydration is a disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, making ETE.PM.ZZ the most specific and appropriate ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is wider as it also encompasses mineral and electrolyte balance disorders beyond dehydration alone.
700414001 (Education about diabetes and driving)maps to wider conceptSKD.PM.ZZ (Education about driving)ICHI's "Education about driving" covers the driving education component of this concept but is broader, as it does not capture the disease-specific context (diabetes) that frames the safety advice. No ICHI code addresses education about driving in the context of a specific chronic condition.
713217002 (Education about epilepsy and driving)maps to wider conceptSKD.PM.ZZ (Education about driving)ICHI's "Education about driving" captures the driving education action but does not encode the epilepsy-specific clinical context that characterises this SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for disease-specific driving safety education.
1153557000 (Education about fatigue)maps to wider conceptATI.PM.ZZ (Education about energy and drive functions)Fatigue is the primary clinical expression of impaired energy and drive functions, making this the most semantically appropriate ICHI code; however, the ICHI code covers the broader functional domain (energy and drive functions as a whole) rather than fatigue as an isolated symptom.
710893009 (Education about harmful pattern of substance use)maps to wider conceptVA1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.PM.ZZ covers education targeting the full spectrum of substance-related and addictive behaviours without specifying a particular substance, which is a reasonable fit for the substance-agnostic SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's framing ("to influence behaviours") is broader than SNOMED's specific focus on harmful use patterns, and ICHI offers no code that isolates harmful/hazardous use specifically.
1156521001 (Education about health service)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)UEP.PM.ZZ is a near-direct match for educating individuals about health services; the ICHI title also encompasses systems and policies beyond a simple "health service", making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses on the service itself.
741060000 (Education about home heating)maps to wider conceptVCC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence home safety behaviours)No ICHI code targets home heating specifically; VCC.PM.ZZ under the "home safety behaviours" block is the closest match, as home heating education is a recognised component of home safety (carbon monoxide, fire risk, cold exposure), but the ICHI code covers the full breadth of home safety rather than heating alone.
713098000 (Education about hospitalization)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)Hospitalization is a core component of health service delivery, so educating a patient about hospitalization falls within UEP.PM.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all health services, systems, and policies rather than the specific context of inpatient admission.
1345171007 (Education about housing)maps to wider conceptUEE.PM.ZZ (Education about housing services, systems and policies)UEE.PM.ZZ is the closest available match for education about housing; the ICHI code is somewhat broader because it is scoped to housing services, systems, and policies rather than housing as a living environment or determinant of health more generally.
1258899008 (Education about job center)maps to wider conceptUER.PM.ZZ (Education about labour and employment services, systems and policies)A job center is an institutional service within the labour and employment services domain, so UER.PM.ZZ (education about labour and employment services, systems and policies) encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader, covering the full range of such services rather than job centers specifically.
1256113001 (Education about language interpretation service)maps to wider conceptUEG.PM.ZZ (Education about communication services, systems and policies)Language interpretation services are a subset of communication services, systems and policies; UEG.PM.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI education code in this domain but covers communication services broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets interpretation specifically.
1148446004 (Education about legal aid)maps to wider conceptUEJ.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies)Legal aid is a specific component of the legal services domain; UEJ.PM.ZZ covers education about legal services, systems and policies broadly, which is a wider concept than education about legal aid specifically, though it is the most precise ICHI code available for this mapping.
737587001 (Education about lymphedema care)maps to wider conceptSM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)ICHI has no lymphedema-specific education code; the lymphatic system blocks contain only surgical/procedural interventions. SM1.PM.ZZ (self care education) is the nearest structural match, capturing the self-management dimension of lymphedema care, but covers all self-care domains rather than lymphedema specifically.
1156522008 (Education about normal psychological response)maps to wider conceptATF.PM.ZZ (Education about global psychosocial functions)ICHI lacks a code specifically for normalising or explaining expected psychological reactions. ATF.PM.ZZ addresses education about global psychosocial functions — the closest domain-level fit — but is broader in scope and does not capture the specific intent of reassuring patients about normal psychological responses to illness or stressful events.
710682005 (Education about peristomal skin complications)maps to wider conceptPTD.PM.ZZ (Stoma education, not elsewhere classified)PTD.PM.ZZ covers general stoma education and is the closest available ICHI code, sitting under "Interventions on other artificial body structures." It does not distinguish the specific focus on peristomal skin complications, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
472071000124100 (Education about program)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)"Education about program" in a clinical context most plausibly refers to patient education about a health programme or service; UEP.PM.ZZ is the nearest ICHI code but covers the full domain of health services, systems and policies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for generic "education about a programme."
1284867003 (Education about relaxation technique)maps to wider conceptVEL.PM.ZZ (Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)Relaxation techniques are taught to manage stress and support psychological wellbeing; VEL.PM.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code as it targets the behaviour domain of psychological health and wellbeing. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses the full range of psychological wellbeing behaviours, not specifically relaxation technique instruction.
710737001 (Education about risk reduction technique)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)Risk reduction techniques in clinical use most closely align with safety-related behaviour interventions in ICHI; VC1.PM.ZZ is the broadest applicable safety behaviour education code. It is wider than the SNOMED concept as it covers all safety-related behaviours without specifying a particular risk reduction technique.
713096001 (Education about second hand smoke exposure)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)Second-hand smoke (passive smoking) exposure education falls squarely within the ICHI tobacco use behaviour domain, and VAB.PM.ZZ is the specific education code in that block. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers tobacco use behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating regarding exposure to others' smoke rather than one's own tobacco use.
59251000087107 (Education about self-management of emotional state)maps to wider conceptAUD.PM.ZZ (Education about emotional functions)AUD.PM.ZZ covers education about emotional functions broadly, which encompasses self-management of emotional state. However, ICHI does not capture the self-management specificity — it is broader in scope than the SNOMED concept, which focuses specifically on the patient's own regulation of their emotional state.
440313002 (Education about stimulus control behavior in insomnia)maps to wider conceptVEC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours)VEC.PM.ZZ targets sleep and rest behaviours broadly, which encompasses but is broader than stimulus control behaviour specifically for insomnia. ICHI has no code for this specific cognitive-behavioural insomnia technique, so the sleep-behaviours education code is the closest available match, capturing the behavioural and educational intent.
1156869006 (Education about tenant rights organization)maps to wider conceptUEJ.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies)Tenant rights are a specific subset of legal rights/services, and ICHI has no code narrower than its general legal services education category. UEJ.PM.ZZ captures the education action on the legal services domain but is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on tenant rights specifically.
710895002 (Education about use of covering device)maps to wider conceptUA1.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology, unspecified)ICHI does not have a specific code for education about covering devices (e.g., wound dressings, protective covers); UA1.PM.ZZ is the closest available code, covering education about any product or technology, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
710896001 (Education about use of supporting device)maps to wider conceptUA1.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated code for education about supporting devices (e.g., braces, orthoses, splints); UA1.PM.ZZ is the best available match as the general category for education about products and technology, which encompasses but is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
440073003 (Education about vaginal birth after cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNUG.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to childbirth)NUG.PM.ZZ covers education about childbirth functions broadly; VBAC is a highly specific obstetric topic (trial of labour after prior caesarean) that ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
20991000175106 (Education for memory impairment)maps to wider conceptAUB.PM.ZZ (Education about memory)AUB.PM.ZZ covers education about memory functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about education directed at a person with a memory impairment. The ICHI code does not restrict to an impairment context, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
20971000175105 (Education for reading impairment)maps to wider conceptSCF.PM.ZZ (Education about reading)SCF.PM.ZZ covers education about reading as an activity, while the SNOMED concept is specifically targeted at a person with a reading impairment. The ICHI code is not restricted to impairment contexts, making it semantically broader.
228115009 (Education provision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ST1 (Interventions on major life areas: education)"Education provision" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the act of providing education without specifying a particular type or recipient. No single ICHI category code captures this generic sense; the organizational block BlockL4-ST1 (Interventions on major life areas: education) is the best fit as a wider grouping that contains all education-related interventions.
1300110000 (Education toward completion of learning objectives of basic skills training program)maps to wider conceptSBQ.PH.ZZ (Training in acquiring skills)ICHI targets the activity of acquiring skills generally, which aligns well with the purpose of a basic skills training program. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any skill acquisition, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to structured program completion toward defined learning objectives.
1300111001 (Education toward completion of learning objectives of English as a second language program)maps to wider conceptSBD.PH.ZZ (Training in acquiring an additional language)SBD.PH.ZZ directly targets the activity of acquiring an additional (second/foreign) language, which is precisely the domain of an ESL program. It is wider because it covers any additional language rather than English specifically, and does not encode the program/objective-completion framing.
1300102001 (Education toward completion of learning objectives of vocational education program)maps to wider conceptSTF.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in vocational training)STF.PH.ZZ maps directly to the vocational training domain and represents the closest semantic match in ICHI. It is wider because it covers training support for vocational engagement broadly, without encoding the program structure or the specific objective-completion orientation of the SNOMED concept.
1300109005 (Education toward completion of learning objectives of vocational rehabilitation program)maps to wider conceptSTF.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in vocational training)STF.PM.ZZ covers education about vocational training as an activity/participation domain, which broadly aligns with educating a patient toward vocational rehabilitation goals. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the rehabilitation program context or the learning-objectives framing inherent in the SNOMED concept.
16775003 (Eikonometric examination including prescribing lenses)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Eikonometry is a specialised test of retinal image size (a seeing function), and lens prescribing follows from the findings; BTB.AC.ZZ (test of seeing functions) is the best available ICHI match for the examination component. The code is wider because it does not capture the eikonometric specificity nor the prescribing of corrective lenses that is part of the SNOMED concept.
177141003 (Elective cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA represents caesarean section delivery in general. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish elective (planned) from emergency caesarean section, so the SNOMED concept is a more specific subset of the ICHI code.
698995008 (Elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for open surgical repair/reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, which is the operative intent in aneurysm repair. The code is wider because it does not specify aneurysm as the indication, the infrarenal location, the elective nature of the procedure, or the surgical approach (open vs endovascular stent-graft).
698996009 (Elective repair of suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA covers reconstruction (which encompasses aneurysm repair) of the abdominal aorta, making it a good structural match. However, ICHI does not distinguish the suprarenal segment specifically, nor the elective nature of the procedure, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
65341006 (Electrical muscle-testing)maps to wider conceptMRM.AB.AE (Electromyography)Electromyography (EMG) is the primary electrical technique for testing muscle function, and MRM.AB.AE sits under the muscle interventions hierarchy. However, ICHI's code is specifically EMG of an unspecified muscle site, whereas the SNOMED concept "electrical muscle-testing" is arguably broader — it could include other electrical assessment modalities beyond EMG — making the ICHI code technically narrower in scope but the best available match.
84093003 (Electrocoagulation of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)Electrocoagulation is one specific means of destruction, so the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code, which covers any destructive method applied to a fallopian tube lesion without specifying the energy modality; ICHI is therefore broader.
1287545004 (Electrocoagulation of lesion of inner ear)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)The ICHI code covers destruction of the inner ear as a whole structure without qualifying it as a lesion-targeted procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the lesion target and the electrocoagulation means; additionally, ICHI does not capture the electrocoagulation modality.
41515001 (Electrocoagulation of lesion of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina broadly, without restricting to a specific lesion, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies destruction of a lesion of the retina by electrocoagulation. No ICHI code exists that specifies lesion-level retinal destruction with a stated means.
303398005 (Electrocoagulation of lesion of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.GA.AA matches on target (small intestine), action (destruction), and object (lesion), making it a strong structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the means as electrocoagulation, encompassing any destructive technique applied to a small intestinal lesion.
1267006 (Electrocoagulation of lesion of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)NMH.GA.AC directly matches target (vagina), action (destruction), and object (lesion). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, covering any modality used to destroy a vaginal lesion.
55810002 (Electrocoagulation of nose for epistaxis)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC captures the clinical intent and indication (controlling epistaxis at the nasal site) precisely, matching both the target (nose) and therapeutic goal (haemostasis). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any method of epistaxis control, not only electrocoagulation.
15306005 (Electrocoagulation of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AA (Destruction of ovary)ICHI's "Destruction of ovary" covers the target anatomy correctly, but the action (GA = destruction) subsumes electrocoagulation as one possible means without specifying it; ICHI has no dedicated electrocoagulation-of-ovary code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
30172007 (Electrocoagulation of round ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The round ligament of the uterus is one of the uterine supporting structures explicitly captured by this ICHI code, but the ICHI code also encompasses the broader set of uterine supporting structures and the uterus itself, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1287548002 (Electrocoagulation of semicircular canal)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)The semicircular canals are a component of the inner ear, so "Destruction of inner ear" subsumes this procedure, but the ICHI code is broader in target (entire inner ear) and does not specify electrocoagulation as the means of destruction.
55281003 (Electrocoagulation of uterosacral ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)The uterosacral ligament is a uterine supporting structure, falling within the scope of this ICHI code, but the code also covers destruction of the uterus itself and other supporting structures, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
48495007 (Electrocoagulation of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)NME.GA.AA covers destruction of uterus and supporting structures broadly, without specifying the means (electrocoagulation); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any destructive modality applied to the uterus, not solely electrocoagulation.
74786001 (Electrocoagulation of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA is the single ICHI category for destruction of the vulva, but it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which names that specific modality.
31276007 (Electroejaculation procedure)maps to wider conceptNGD.JH.AC (Sperm procurement)NGD.JH.AC (Sperm procurement) is the closest ICHI category covering retrieval of sperm by any method; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify electroejaculation as the technique, and electroejaculation is one of several means by which sperm can be procured.
276025008 (Electrolyte regulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ETE (Interventions on water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions)"Electrolyte regulation" is a clinical concept covering interventions to maintain or restore electrolyte homeostasis; the closest ICHI match is the block BlockL5-ETE, as no single assignable category code covers the act of regulating electrolytes — only assessment (ETE.AA.ZZ) and education (ETE.PM.ZZ) exist as leaf codes, neither of which is specific enough.
423371000 (Elevation of foot of bed)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)Elevating the foot of the bed is a specific whole-body positioning manoeuvre (Trendelenburg-type tilt) used for therapeutic purposes, and PZA.LD.ZZ "Positioning of the whole body" is the closest ICHI code; it is wider because it encompasses any whole-body positioning technique, not specifically foot-of-bed elevation.
423171007 (Elevation of head of bed)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)Elevating the head of the bed is a standard whole-body positional intervention (e.g., for aspiration prevention or intracranial pressure management), and PZA.LD.ZZ "Positioning of the whole body" is the best available ICHI code; it is wider as it covers all whole-body positioning without distinguishing head-up from other orientations.
370790005 (Elicits perceptions of surgery)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)"Elicits perceptions of surgery" is a specific clinical interview act to explore a patient's views and attitudes about an impending surgical procedure, which falls under the interviewing action (AN) applied to the whole person target (PZB); the ICHI code is broader because it covers any topic of interview regarding the whole person rather than specifically surgical perceptions.
1479971000168109 (Email encounter)maps to wider conceptXG9S10 (Intervention provided to recipient/s in a distant location)An email encounter is a specific form of asynchronous remote health communication; the closest ICHI concept is the telehealth extension code for an intervention delivered to a recipient at a distant location, which covers all remote/telehealth modalities and is therefore broader than an email-specific encounter.
713776001 (Email encounter from third party)maps to wider conceptXG9S10 (Intervention provided to recipient/s in a distant location)An email encounter originating from a third party (e.g. a carer or relative communicating on the patient's behalf) is an even more specific variant of remote communication; ICHI's telehealth extension XG9S10 is the closest available concept but covers all remote delivery modalities without distinguishing third-party origin.
172034002 (Embolization of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The adrenal gland is supplied by branches of the abdominal aorta, so embolization of the adrenal gland is performed by endovascular embolisation of its feeding abdominal/pelvic artery; ICHI does not have a dedicated adrenal embolization code, so IEA.LA.AF is the best available match but is broader because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than the adrenal artery specifically.
448737003 (Embolization of aneurysm using catheter)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm embolisation code; IZA.LA.AF captures the endovascular catheter-based occlusion of an artery (NEC) but is broader because it encompasses any endovascular arterial occlusion regardless of the underlying pathology (aneurysm, stenosis, tumour supply, etc.).
429062005 (Embolization of aneurysm using transluminal coil)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish coil embolisation from other endovascular occlusion techniques at the category level; IZA.LA.AF covers the endovascular approach but is broader because it does not specify the coil means or the aneurysm target.
175786007 (Embolization of arteriovenous abnormality)maps to wider conceptIZE.LA.AA (Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)An arteriovenous abnormality (AVM) involves both arterial and venous components, so the non-lateralised blood vessel NEC code IZE.LA.AA is preferred over a purely arterial code; it is still broader because it covers any vascular occlusion by any means, not specifically endovascular embolisation of an AVM.
9810007 (Embolization of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LA.AF is the closest code for endovascular (catheter-based) occlusion of an AV fistula from the arterial side; IZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt) exists but "management" is insufficiently specific for embolisation, whereas IZA.LA.AF at least captures the endovascular occlusion action.
233479009 (Embolization of arteriovenous graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)An AV graft embolisation is an endovascular occlusion of a surgically created arteriovenous conduit; IZA.LA.AF is the best available code as it covers endovascular arterial occlusion NEC, though it is broader because ICHI has no code specific to AV grafts or prosthetic conduit occlusion.
233316005 (Embolization of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers embolization of any artery without specifying the approach, whereas ICHI constrains to the endovascular route and is a residual NEC code covering arteries not addressed by more specific ICHI codes; the ICHI code is the best generic-artery embolisation match available.
722183007 (Embolization of hepatic artery using selective internal radiation therapy)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept is highly specific — it combines hepatic artery embolization with Y-90 radioembolisation (SIRT) — whereas ICHI has no code for SIRT or hepatic artery embolization specifically, and the best available code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries without capturing the radionuclide therapy component.
230902008 (Embolization of intracranial aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)The SNOMED concept specifies embolization targeting an intracranial aneurysm (a precise pathological structure), while the ICHI code covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery broadly without distinguishing the aneurysm target.
233424001 (Embolization of vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers embolization of any vein without specifying approach, while the ICHI code constrains to the endovascular route and is a NEC residual covering veins not addressed by more specific ICHI codes; the ICHI code is the best available generic vein embolisation match.
75456002 (Embryo transfer)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)NME.DH.AC covers all uterine reproductive transfer procedures, which includes embryo transfer (IVF) as its primary use case, but is broader in scope as it could encompass other transfer procedures such as zygote transfer; the ICHI code does not specify the entity transferred as specifically as the SNOMED concept does.
174036004 (Emergency appendectomy)maps to wider conceptKBO.JK.AA (Appendicectomy)KBO.JK.AA maps well to the procedure itself (open appendicectomy), but the ICHI code does not capture the "emergency" context encoded in the SNOMED concept; ICHI lacks a means axis value distinguishing elective from emergency procedures, so the ICHI code is broader.
175276005 (Emergency bypass of aorta by anastomosis of axillary artery to femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)An axillary-to-femoral bypass is an extra-anatomical bypass whose functional destination is the femoral artery (lower limb); IFA.LI.AA captures this anatomical target reasonably well, though it does not reflect the cross-regional (upper limb to lower limb) or emergency nature of the procedure.
175290008 (Emergency bypass of bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to femoral artery)maps to wider conceptHIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass)HIH.LI.AA describes a bypass originating at the abdominal aorta, which matches the aortic origin of this aortofemoral bypass; however, it does not encode the destination vessel (femoral artery), the bifurcation involvement, or the emergency setting.
175292000 (Emergency bypass of bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to iliac artery)maps to wider conceptHIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass)HIH.LI.AA matches the aortic origin but does not capture the iliac destination, the aortic bifurcation level, or the emergency context; the primary vessel operated on is the abdominal aorta, making this the better fit over IEA.LI.AA.
414088005 (Emergency CABG)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generally (open approach), which is the correct procedure; however, the "emergency" qualifier in the SNOMED concept is not captured by ICHI, making the ICHI code broader in that it applies equally to elective and emergency cases.
274130007 (Emergency cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA captures delivery by caesarean section as a procedure, which correctly represents the clinical action; however, the "emergency" context of the SNOMED concept is not expressed in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader and applies to both elective and emergency caesarean deliveries.
398142004 (Emergency cricothyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Cricothyroidotomy (incision through the cricothyroid membrane of the larynx to establish an emergency airway) falls anatomically under larynx incision — JAN.FA.AA is the closest available code; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal incision and does not capture the emergency context.
275040003 (Emergency femorofemoral prosthetic crossover graft)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The SNOMED concept is specifically a femorofemoral prosthetic crossover bypass between two femoral arteries; ICHI has no code at this granularity — the closest assignable code covers reconstruction (which includes graft/prosthesis repair) of any lower limb artery broadly.
390809004 (Emergency mental health assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ is the broadest unspecified mental functions assessment code in the "Interventions on mental functions" block and captures the core clinical act of assessing mental health; however, it does not encode the emergency context or the holistic "mental health" framing.
698992006 (Emergency repair of ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA is the best-fitting ICHI code — aneurysm repair involves reconstruction of the vessel wall, and the target (abdominal aorta) is correct; however, ICHI does not capture the infrarenal specificity, the ruptured/emergency context, or the aneurysm aetiology.
698994007 (Emergency repair of ruptured suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA covers open reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, which encompasses aneurysm repair via graft replacement, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the suprarenal segment specificity, the ruptured/emergency context, or the aneurysm aetiology.
313082002 (Employment education)maps to wider conceptSU2.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)SU2.PM.ZZ directly represents education about engaging in work and employment, which is semantically the same domain; it is coded as "not elsewhere classified" (residual category) making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
410287004 (Employment education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptSU2.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (education, guidance, and counselling) that map to separate ICHI codes (SU2.PM.ZZ, SU2.PN.ZZ, SU2.PP.ZZ respectively); SU2.PM.ZZ is the best single-code fit as education is the primary listed activity, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not capture the guidance and counselling components.
270353007 (Employment examination/reports)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to occupational/fitness-for-work examinations and the production of reports, while SU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of work and employment participation broadly. No ICHI code specifically addresses pre-employment or fitness-for-work medical examinations and report writing, so this functional assessment code is the closest available match, albeit broader.
405409006 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)ICHI's code covers endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery broadly, not specifically the internal carotid branch, and does not capture the vein patch angioplasty component or the graft material detail. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
405338008 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)ICHI classifies all lower limb artery endarterectomies under a single residual category with no code specific to the popliteal artery, so the ICHI code is broader. The patch angioplasty (arteriotomy closure) component is also not captured.
405389008 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)The profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) is a lower limb artery, and ICHI provides no code more specific than the general lower limb artery endarterectomy. The accompanying patch angioplasty is also not encoded separately.
405403007 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The renal artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI has no code specific to renal artery endarterectomy — the abdominal/pelvic artery code is the closest available match. The angioplasty (patch repair) component is not captured.
405402002 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)The subclavian artery falls under ICHI's upper limb artery block (ICA) with no subclavian-specific endarterectomy code available, making this a broader match. The prosthetic patch angioplasty detail and the specific vessel identity are both lost.
405401009 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery with vein)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any upper limb artery (which includes the subclavian), but does not distinguish subclavian specifically and does not capture the angioplasty-with-vein-patch component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader (less specific) than the SNOMED concept.
405343001 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA encompasses endarterectomy of any lower limb artery and does not distinguish the superficial femoral artery specifically, nor does it capture the associated angioplasty (vein patch) component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
405337003 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)The tibio-peroneal trunk and its branches (tibial, peroneal) are lower limb arteries captured under IFA.JE.AA, but ICHI does not have a code specific to the tibio-peroneal segment, and the angioplasty component is not separately represented.
448939009 (Endarterectomy of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.JE.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries without differentiating the inferior mesenteric vessel specifically.
233303005 (Endarterectomy of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.JE.AA is the best available match, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept as it groups all abdominal or pelvic arteries without vessel-level specificity.
232687005 (Endobronchial intubation)maps to wider conceptJZZ.DL.AC (Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified)Endobronchial intubation specifically refers to advancing an endotracheal tube into a main bronchus (past the carina) for selective lung ventilation, which is distinct from standard tracheal intubation (JBA.DL.AC). JZZ.DL.AC is the NEC residual for respiratory tract intubation and is broader, encompassing any intubation not classified under tracheal insertion.
231759007 (Endodiathermy of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies endodiathermy (electrosurgical cautery delivered internally) as the means. ICHI has no retina-specific code that encodes an electrocoagulation/diathermy means, so the broader destruction code is the best available match.
445944001 (Endodiathermy of vitreous body)maps to wider conceptBCD.GA.AA (Destruction of vitreous)BCD.GA.AA captures destruction of the vitreous body regardless of technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies endodiathermy as the method. As with the retinal counterpart, ICHI does not encode an electrocoagulation/diathermy means for vitreous, making this the best available broader match.
446588008 (Endoscopic ablation of neoplasm of ureter using laser)maps to wider conceptNAE.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter)NAE.GA.AD matches on both the endoscopic approach and the destruction/ablation action on a ureteric lesion, but it does not encode the laser means (no laser-specific ureteric code exists in ICHI) and uses "lesion or tissue" rather than "neoplasm." The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
307505003 (Endoscopic application of hemostyptics to gastric lesion)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD captures endoscopic haemostasis of the stomach, which aligns with the clinical intent of applying hemostyptics (haemostatic agents) endoscopically. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers all endoscopic bleeding-control methods on the stomach, not specifically topical agent application to a lesion.
1333964003 (Endoscopic balloon dilation of left bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus generically, matching the procedure type exactly, but does not specify laterality (left bronchus); additionally, ICHI does not distinguish balloon from other dilation instruments at this level.
1333965002 (Endoscopic balloon dilation of right bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD matches the procedure type (endoscopic dilatation of bronchus) but is broader because it does not specify the right side or the balloon technique.
174198003 (Endoscopic coagulation of blood vessel of lower bowel using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope)maps to wider conceptKBP.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of colonic bleeding)KBP.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code for endoscopic haemostasis/coagulation of a lower bowel vessel — the sigmoid colon block (KBU) has no haemostasis or bleeding control code of its own, so the colon-level code is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the entire colon rather than specifically the sigmoid colon accessed via sigmoidoscope.
698322008 (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding using thermocoagulation)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD covers endoscopic control of gastric bleeding generically, without specifying the technique; the SNOMED concept further specifies thermocoagulation as the means, which ICHI does not capture in a separate code.
1263602007 (Endoscopic control of hemorrhage of stomach using argon plasma coagulation)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD matches on target (stomach), action (bleeding control), and approach (endoscopic), but does not distinguish the specific technique of argon plasma coagulation; ICHI treats all endoscopic gastric bleeding control under a single code regardless of the haemostatic modality used.
34574008 (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of sphincter of Oddi)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)The ICHI code covers both biliary duct and sphincter of Oddi as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the sphincter of Oddi alone. The action (endoscopic destruction of lesion) and approach (endoscopic) are otherwise an exact match.
1217117008 (Endoscopic examination of lower bowel and sampling for bacterial overgrowth)maps to wider conceptKBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy) captures the endoscopic examination of the lower bowel component, but ICHI has no code for the paired bacterial overgrowth sampling action (there is no small-bowel or colonic fluid specimen collection code). Colonoscopy is therefore broader than the full SNOMED concept, which combines examination with microbiological sampling.
441763001 (Endoscopic exteriorization of third ventricle)maps to wider conceptAAE.FA.AA (Incision of ventricles of brain)Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) creates an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to bypass obstruction — an endoscopic incision/fenestration — but ICHI has no dedicated ETV code and no "endoscopic incision of ventricles" code. AAE.FA.AA captures the operative intent most closely, though it is open-approach by default and covers all ventricles, making it broader than the specific endoscopic third-ventricle procedure.
314629004 (Endoscopic injection hemostasis of gastric ulcer)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD covers endoscopic control of gastric bleeding broadly, which encompasses injection hemostasis as a technique. However, the ICHI code does not specify the injection method or the ulcer aetiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1303801009 (Endoscopic injection of lesion of stomach for control of hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)KBF.LA.AD captures the endoscopic approach for gastric bleeding control, which aligns with the hemorrhage-control intent of this concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify injection as the means or restrict the target to a lesion.
87124007 (Endoscopic insertion of nasopancreatic drainage tube)maps to wider conceptKCO.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct)KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of a device into the pancreatic duct, which encompasses a nasopancreatic drainage tube as one type of inserted device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the nasopancreatic (trans-nasal external drainage) route or the drainage function of the device.
174192002 (Endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of large intestine using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)KBP.GA.AD matches the endoscopic approach and the destruction-of-lesion action on the colon (large intestine), but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the instrument to a fiberoptic sigmoidoscope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
609197007 (Endoscopic laser surgery on colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)The ICHI code captures endoscopic destruction of colonic lesion/tissue via any technique, while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the modality; ICHI provides no means-level laser qualifier within this code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
609194000 (Endoscopic laser surgery on duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum)The ICHI code correctly matches target (duodenum) and approach (endoscopic) but covers all endoscopic destructive techniques, not just laser, making it broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept.
609196003 (Endoscopic laser surgery on rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum)The ICHI code correctly matches target (rectum) and approach (endoscopic) but encompasses all endoscopic destruction modalities, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to laser surgery; ICHI does not have a laser-specific destruction code for the rectum.
1231419000 (Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure on frontal sinus)maps to wider conceptJAG.FA.AD (Endoscopic frontal sinusotomy)The modified Lothrop (Draf III) procedure is an extended bilateral endoscopic frontal sinusotomy with removal of inter-sinus septum, which is more specific than the ICHI code's generic endoscopic frontal sinusotomy; no Draf III-specific ICHI code exists, making this the best available but broader match.
446542002 (Endoscopic neurolysis of celiac plexus using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)The celiac plexus is a peripheral (autonomic) nerve plexus, and neurolysis is destruction of nerve tissue, so ACA.GA.AA covers the core action and target. However, it is broader because it does not capture the endoscopic approach, ultrasound guidance, or the specific coeliac plexus target; ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic/EUS-guided coeliac plexus neurolysis code.
445750001 (Endoscopic removal of neoplasm from cranium)maps to wider conceptMAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of skull)MAA.JI.AA covers removal of a lesion (including neoplasm) from the skull/cranium, but it is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach — ICHI has no endoscopic variant of this code for skull, unlike other anatomical sites.
174615000 (Endoscopic sphincterotomy of sphincter of Oddi and insertion of tubal prosthesis into bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.FA.AD (Endoscopic sphincterotomy or papillotomy of bile duct)KCM.FA.AD precisely matches the sphincterotomy component (endoscopic, sphincter of Oddi / bile duct), but the SNOMED concept also includes insertion of a tubal prosthesis (stent) into the bile duct, which corresponds to a separate ICHI code; no single ICHI code encodes both actions together.
10391000132108 (Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)ICHI has no dedicated submucosal dissection code and no cross-organ endoscopic local excision category spanning the full GI tract; the block "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract" is the broadest applicable grouping that encompasses the procedure's anatomical scope. Individual organ-level endoscopic local excision codes exist but each is narrower than this multi-site SNOMED concept.
713154003 (Endoscopic submucosal dissection of rectum using colonoscope)maps to wider conceptKBW.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of rectum)ICHI encodes the endoscopic local excision of a rectal lesion but does not distinguish the submucosal dissection technique or the colonoscope instrument at the means axis level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.
440543004 (Endoscopy of nasal sinus with control of nasal hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptJAE.AE.AD (Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)JAE.AE.AD captures the endoscopic inspection of the paranasal sinus but does not encode the concurrent hemorrhage control component; the SNOMED concept is more specific, combining endoscopy with a therapeutic action (hemostasis), whereas the ICHI code covers only the diagnostic/inspection aspect.
440636000 (Endoscopy of nasal sinus with decompression of inferior orbital wall)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AD (Endoscopic decompression of orbit)BAM.FC.AD best captures the operative intent — endoscopic orbital decompression — but it encompasses the entire orbit rather than specifically the inferior wall, and it does not encode the nasal sinus endoscopy approach; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the precisely specified SNOMED concept.
440115001 (Endoscopy of nasal sinus with decompression of medial orbital wall)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AD (Endoscopic decompression of orbit)BAM.FC.AD is the closest available ICHI code for endoscopic orbital decompression, but it does not distinguish the medial wall specifically nor encode the combined nasal sinus endoscopy approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
446735004 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of stomach)ICHI captures the endoscopic local excision of a stomach lesion, matching the polypectomy component precisely; however, the ICHI code is wider because it covers any gastric lesion rather than specifically a polyp, and does not reflect the broader upper GI endoscopy framing of the SNOMED concept.
448881002 (Endovenous laser ablation of varicose vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)Endovenous laser ablation is a specific form of endovenous thermal destruction, so the ICHI code captures the correct target (lower limb vein) and approach (endovenous) but is broader because it does not specify laser as the means nor restrict to varicose veins.
435701000124100 (Energy modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)An energy-modified diet is a specific type of food modification intervention, so UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader as it covers any modification to food and does not specify energy content adjustment or dietary prescription.
86032007 (Enlargement of intestinal stoma)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)ICHI's PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (which encompasses general maintenance, revision, and adjustment of an intestinal stoma), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the surgical enlargement/revision of an existing stoma opening, making the ICHI code broader.
225989009 (Ensuring environmental adaptations prepared prior to hospital discharge)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 "Discharge planning" is an ICHI extension code for the broader process of organising a safe hospital discharge, of which ensuring home/environmental adaptations are in place is one specific element; the SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing exclusively on environmental preparation.
225990000 (Ensuring home equipment available prior to hospital discharge)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 "Discharge planning" is the closest ICHI concept — it captures the discharge preparation context — but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept, which concerns ensuring availability of home equipment (a single task within discharge planning). No ICHI code exists for equipment provisioning specifically tied to hospital discharge.
234304009 (Enteromesenteric bridge operation)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified)The enteromesenteric bridge operation is a specific surgical technique creating a mesenteric vascular bridge between segments of intestine, which functionally involves intestinal anastomosis; KZZ.LB.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, covering any unclassified intestinal anastomosis without specificity to the mesenteric bridge technique.
397994004 (Enucleation of eyeball with implant into Tenon's capsule)maps to wider conceptBZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)BZA.JK.AA covers the enucleation component but does not encode the concurrent placement of an implant into Tenon's capsule; ICHI has no combined enucleation-with-implant code, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED procedure.
398031005 (Enucleation of eyeball with insertion of orbital implant)maps to wider conceptBZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)BZA.JK.AA captures only the enucleation and not the simultaneous orbital implant insertion; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the available ICHI code, and no combined enucleation-plus-implant code exists.
170897004 (Environment risk monitoring)maps to wider conceptUB1.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)Environment risk monitoring is a form of public health surveillance targeting environmental hazards and risks; UB1.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance of the natural and human-modified environment broadly, which is wider than the risk-specific monitoring focus of the SNOMED concept.
424432007 (Epidural catheter maintenance)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal via percutaneous approach, which encompasses epidural catheter maintenance; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to the epidural space or to catheter-type devices specifically.
1297066004 (Epidural insertion of temporary spinal cord stimulator electrode)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE captures the percutaneous (epidural) route of inserting a device into the spinal canal, which matches the procedural approach and anatomical site; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any device, not specifically a temporary spinal cord stimulator electrode.
48957009 (Epilation by electrolysis)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Epilation by electrolysis destroys hair follicles (skin appendages) via electrical current; LZZ.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering destruction of skin structures not classified elsewhere, though it is broader — referring to skin and subcutaneous tissue generally rather than specifically to hair follicle/appendage destruction by electrolysis.
707076002 (Epistaxis care)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis) is a close match — both codes address interventions for nosebleeds. ICHI is wider because "Control of epistaxis" implies active haemostasis, while the SNOMED concept "Epistaxis care" is broader and could encompass assessment, monitoring, or supportive care in addition to active haemostasis.
385974006 (Equipment safety management)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "equipment safety management" code; UA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified) is the closest structural match, covering management interventions on products/technology, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns the safety oversight of health equipment.
307330001 (Esophagectomy and interposition reconstruction)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)ICHI does not have a combined code for esophagectomy plus interposition reconstruction as a single procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) captures the reconstructive component but is broader, omitting the esophagectomy element and the specific interposition technique.
55517006 (Esophagogastric fundoplasty with fundic patch)maps to wider conceptKBE.MK.AA (Repair of gastroesophageal junction)ICHI has no code for fundoplasty or fundic patch procedures specifically; KBE.MK.AA (Repair of gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomically closest available code covering repair-type interventions at the esophagogastric junction, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fundoplasty using a fundic patch as the means.
1263486002 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bezoar in stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)ICHI has no code for electrohydraulic lithotripsy of a bezoar specifically; KBF.GA.AD captures the endoscopic route and the destructive action applied to a gastric target, but is broader — it does not specify the electrohydraulic lithotripsy technique, the bezoar as the target entity, or the OGD scope used.
1256034006 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and closure of duodenal fistula)maps to wider conceptKBI.MK.AA (Closure of fistula of duodenum)KBI.MK.AA correctly captures the target (duodenum) and action (fistula closure / MK), but ICHI does not have an endoscopic (.AD means) variant of this code, so the open approach code is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies EGD as the access route.
1304005006 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.JJ.AA (Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Full thickness resection (EFTR) is a specific endoscopic partial excision through all wall layers; KBK.JJ.AA is the closest structural match in ICHI but is broader as it omits both the endoscopic approach and the full-thickness-specific technique.
1304006007 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of stomach)KBF.JI.AD captures the endoscopic approach and local excision of stomach tissue, the closest ICHI analogue for endoscopic full thickness resection; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish full-thickness wall resection from mucosal or submucosal excision.
1304004005 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of esophagus using suture)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)KBA.MK.AA correctly identifies the target (oesophagus) and action (repair), but no endoscopic repair code exists in ICHI for the oesophagus and the suture technique is not captured in the means axis, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1303995009 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of small intestine using suture)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.MK.AA matches the target (small intestine) and action (repair), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not have an endoscopic repair code for small intestine and does not specify suture as the means of repair.
1304007003 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of stomach using suture)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)ICHI has no endoscopic variant of stomach repair (only open KBF.MK.AA and laparoscopic KBF.MK.AB), so the open "Repair of stomach" code is the best available match but is broader — it does not capture the endoscopic approach via EGD or the suture technique specifically.
1304003004 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and submucosal dissection of pharynx)maps to wider conceptKAR.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx)ICHI has no submucosal dissection category nor an endoscopic variant of pharynx local excision; KAR.JI.AA is the broadest applicable match, covering the excision intent but not encoding the endoscopic approach, the submucosal dissection technique, or the EGD route.
1255198001 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of hemorrhage of esophagus by thermocoagulation)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Thermocoagulation is a form of thermal destruction, so KBA.GA.AD semantically encompasses this technique; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the haemostatic intent or the thermocoagulation means.
1303993002 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with full thickness resection of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus)Full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a specific endoscopic technique that resects all wall layers, which falls within the category of endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the oesophagus; KBA.JI.AD is broader because it does not capture the full-thickness depth of resection.
1255200007 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with radiofrequency ablation of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)ICHI captures the endoscopic destruction component performed on the oesophagus but does not specify the radiofrequency ablation means or the upper-GI (EGD) scope used to reach the target; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
24229005 (Esophagoscopy for removal of polypoid lesion)maps to wider conceptKBA.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus)The ICHI code covers endoscopic local excision of any oesophageal lesion, which encompasses polypoid lesion removal via esophagoscopy, but does not restrict to polypoid morphology or specify the esophagoscopy approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
86181006 (Evaluation and management of inpatient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no code that specifically captures inpatient evaluation and management as distinct from outpatient; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available code representing a clinical encounter for health management of a whole person, but it is broader because it does not distinguish the inpatient care setting.
50357006 (Evaluation and management of patient at home)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not encode care-setting distinctions (home vs. clinic vs. hospital) within its procedure classification; PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers health management encounters for a whole person but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the home setting.
108221006 (Evaluation AND/OR management - established patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not differentiate between new and established patients within its coding structure; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the best fit as a generic health management encounter but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which restricts scope to a patient with a prior relationship to the provider.
108220007 (Evaluation AND/OR management - new patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not encode the new-vs.-established patient distinction; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents a health management encounter at the whole-person level but is broader because it does not capture the "first contact" nature of the SNOMED concept.
1344990006 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of emotional problem)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets evaluation for signs and symptoms of an emotional problem (a more clinical, symptom-oriented framing). The ICHI code is broader in scope as it encompasses all assessments of emotional functioning, not just symptom-driven evaluations.
410325007 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of mental and/or emotional health problems)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ sits at the top of the mental functions hierarchy (unspecified), covering both global and specific mental functions including emotional ones, which aligns with the SNOMED concept's broad scope of mental and/or emotional health. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all mental function assessments rather than being scoped to symptom evaluation specifically.
1344989002 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of mental health problem)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ is the ICHI code for assessment of mental functions at the unspecified level, which aligns well with evaluating for mental health problem signs and symptoms. The ICHI code is wider as it broadly covers all mental function assessments rather than being restricted to symptom-driven clinical evaluation of mental health problems.
712745001 (Evaluation of breastfeeding plan)maps to wider conceptVEH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of breastfeeding behaviours at a public health/behaviour level, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes evaluation of a breastfeeding plan (a structured clinical document/care plan) rather than general assessment of the breastfeeding behaviour itself.
12121000202107 (Evaluation of decision-making capacity)maps to wider conceptSCL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of decision making)ICHI covers assessment of decision making as a general activity; the SNOMED concept specifically concerns formal clinical/legal capacity determination, which is a narrower concept within the broader domain of decision making assessment.
250722009 (Evaluation of hypoglycemic response)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)Hypoglycemic response evaluation is an assessment of glucose metabolism and the physiological response to low blood sugar, which falls within general metabolic functions. The ICHI code covers all general metabolic functions broadly, making it wider than the specific focus on hypoglycemia.
1172955008 (Evaluation of infant formula feeding plan)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)ICHI has no code specific to infant formula feeding plan evaluation; the breastfeeding block (VEH) is explicitly for breast milk and does not apply. Assessment of eating behaviours is the broadest applicable code covering dietary intake patterns, though it does not capture the infant-specific or formula-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
264311001 (Evaluation of iron stores)maps to wider conceptDTA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of haematological system functions)Iron stores (ferritin, transferrin saturation, serum iron) are components of haematological function assessment, as iron is the core element of haemoglobin synthesis. The ICHI code is broader, covering the full haematological system rather than iron status specifically.
441904000 (Evaluation of oculomotor system)maps to wider conceptBTF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye)The oculomotor system comprises the extraocular muscles and cranial nerves controlling eye movement, which are structures adjoining the eye; BTF.AA.ZZ is the closest functional assessment code available but is broader, encompassing all periocular structures rather than the oculomotor system specifically.
440363007 (Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function)maps to wider conceptKTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of swallowing)KTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of swallowing function in general, which aligns well with the clinical intent; however, the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, whereas the ICHI code does not capture that anatomical specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
370800005 (Evaluation of postoperative cardiac function)maps to wider conceptHTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified)HTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of heart functions generally and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict to the postoperative context that is explicit in the SNOMED display term.
372059009 (Evaluation of postoperative neurological status)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)AZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for a general neurological assessment, which captures the same clinical domain; however, it is broader because it carries no postoperative qualifier, and the "not elsewhere classified" residual nature indicates this is not a precise match for the specific postoperative scenario.
370801009 (Evaluation of postoperative respiratory function)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)JTB.AA.ZZ maps directly to assessment of respiration function, matching the core clinical action; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the postoperative context that is a defining attribute of the SNOMED concept.
370802002 (Evaluation of postoperative tissue perfusion)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)Postoperative tissue perfusion evaluation is a clinical assessment of whether blood is adequately supplying a tissue or surgical site, which is fundamentally an assessment of blood vessel/circulatory function. ITB.AA.ZZ is the closest match, but it is broader — it does not capture the postoperative context, the tissue-level granularity, or the perfusion focus specifically.
274804006 (Evaluation of uterine fundal height)maps to wider conceptNMS.AE.AH (Gynaecological external examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for measuring uterine fundal height; the best structural match is gynaecological external examination NEC (NMS.AE.AH), which covers external physical inspection/assessment of the female genital system, under which fundal height measurement falls as one specific technique. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any gynaecological external examination rather than this one targeted measurement.
103766003 (Evocative or suppression testing panel)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)Evocative/suppression testing panels are dynamic endocrine challenge tests (e.g. dexamethasone suppression, ACTH stimulation) used to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and other endocrine axes; ICHI's closest match is the assessment of endocrine gland functions, which is broader as it covers all forms of endocrine assessment, not just dynamic challenge panels. No ICHI code for "dynamic function test" or "stimulation/suppression test" exists.
315306007 (Examination by method)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)"Examination by method" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept covering any examination classified by its methodology rather than by anatomical target; the best available ICHI code is physical examination of whole body, which is itself a broad category, but it only covers physical/clinical examination and does not encompass all possible examination methods (imaging, laboratory, etc.), making the ICHI code wider than a strict reading of this grouper but the closest structural match.
281048005 (Examination for rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Examination for rehabilitation is a goal-directed clinical assessment performed to plan or evaluate rehabilitation needs; ICHI does not have a specific code for rehabilitation-focused examination, and general health assessment is the closest available code, though it is broader as it covers all-purpose health assessment rather than rehabilitation-specific evaluation.
225162003 (Examination of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific abdominal physical examination code — PAK (Abdomen NOS) block contains only imaging, biopsy, and surgical codes, not a clinical examination entry. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site NEC) is the best available match but is broader, covering any unspecified body site rather than the abdomen specifically.
284366008 (Examination of body system)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specifically for "examination of a body system" as a generic category; the closest conceptual match is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers broad whole-person assessment but is wider than the SNOMED concept, which implies assessment directed at a particular (unspecified) body system.
302773001 (Examination of limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for a limb (upper or lower) — the PMA and PNA topographical limb blocks contain measurement, immobilisation, and therapeutic codes but no clinical examination entry. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site NEC) is the closest available code but covers any unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429496005 (Examination of live donor after kidney transplant)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no concept for post-transplant evaluation of a living kidney donor specifically; the closest available code is the generic general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ), which is considerably broader and does not capture either the donor context or the post-transplant specificity. Kidney transplantation codes (NAA.KD.AA) describe the surgical act, not the subsequent donor follow-up examination.
284433008 (Examination of muscle)maps to wider conceptMU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI approaches muscle examination through a functional lens rather than an anatomical one; MU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of muscle functions (NEC), which is the best functional equivalent, though it is framed as a functional assessment rather than a direct physical examination of muscle tissue. The more specific MUB.AE.ZZ (Manual examination of muscle power) narrows to power only, making MU2.AA.ZZ the better broader match for general muscle examination.
457601000124102 (Examination of neck)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no dedicated physical examination code for the neck as an anatomical region; neck-related codes all pertain to specific structures (cervical spine, cervical lymph nodes, vessels of head and neck) rather than a general examination of the neck. PZX.AE.AH is the residual "physical examination of a body site NEC" code and is the least-bad fit, though it is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
428645009 (Examination of recipient after kidney transplant)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)As with the donor follow-up concept, ICHI lacks any specific code for post-transplant clinical evaluation of the transplant recipient; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available concept but is far broader, capturing none of the post-transplant or renal-recipient specificity.
284394000 (Examination of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.AA.AH (Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.AA.AH (musculoskeletal block, vertebral column unspecified, action = assessment, means = physical/clinical) is the closest structural match for a clinical examination of the spine; it is slightly broader in that "assessment" in ICHI can encompass more than clinical examination alone, and "not elsewhere classified" indicates a residual category without site specificity.
1366572009 (Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)The SNOMED concept specifies both extraction of the lens and insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens (IOL) in the left eye, whereas BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction step without the prosthetic insertion component (BBF.ML.AA) or the left-eye laterality; the full procedure would require combining BBF.JK.AA with BBF.ML.AA and a laterality extension, but no single ICHI code captures the complete combined procedure.
1366573004 (Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)Identical reasoning to 1366572009 — the SNOMED concept covers both lens extraction and IOL insertion in the right eye, but BBF.JK.AA represents only the extraction action without the prosthetic replacement component or laterality; the right-eye distinction from the left-eye concept would need to be handled via an ICHI extension code.
439789000 (Excision of coccygeal pressure injury with coccygectomy and flap reconstruction)maps to wider conceptMBU.JK.AA (Total coccygeal vertebrectomy)This complex procedure combines coccygectomy, excision of a pressure injury, and flap reconstruction, but ICHI codes each component separately — MBU.JK.AA captures the dominant surgical step (total coccygectomy), while the wound excision (debridement/local excision) and flap reconstruction components are not represented; no single ICHI code encompasses all three elements of this combined procedure.
438576001 (Excision of coccygeal pressure injury with coccygectomy and primary suture)maps to wider conceptMBU.JK.AA (Total coccygeal vertebrectomy)The ICHI code captures the core surgical act — total removal of the coccyx (coccygectomy) — which is the defining component of this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the pressure injury context or the primary suture wound closure, making it broader than the fully specified SNOMED concept.
70163005 (Excision of ganglion cyst)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissue lesions treated by local excision, which aligns with the action and tissue type in this ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any soft tissue lesion at any unspecified site and does not specify the cystic nature, tendon sheath/joint capsule origin, or anatomical location typical of ganglion cysts.
446344000 (Excision of lesion of anterior cranial fossa extradural space)maps to wider conceptAAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of intracranial space)AAG.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from the intracranial space broadly, without distinguishing the extradural compartment or the specific fossa (anterior vs. middle). The SNOMED concept is more precise in specifying the anterior cranial fossa and the extradural (epidural) location.
441645006 (Excision of lesion of intradural extramedullary spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)ABG.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion from the spinal canal as a whole, while the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating the intradural extramedullary compartment (inside the dura but outside the cord itself). ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) was considered but the spinal canal code better captures the anatomical compartment of an extramedullary intradural mass.
447985005 (Excision of lesion of larynx using laser)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)JAN.JI.AD is the closest available code — laryngeal laser excision is almost always performed endoscopically (microlaryngoscopy), making this a strong functional match. However, ICHI does not have a laser-specific means code for this procedure, so the laser modality specified in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
446343006 (Excision of lesion of middle cranial fossa extradural space)maps to wider conceptAAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of intracranial space)Same reasoning as concept 446344000 — AAG.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for intracranial space lesion excision, but does not distinguish the extradural compartment or the specific fossa (middle vs. anterior). The SNOMED concept carries additional anatomical specificity not represented in ICHI.
47823003 (Excision of lingual tonsil)maps to wider conceptDAA.JJ.AC (Partial excision of lingual tonsil)DAA.JJ.AC is specifically "partial excision" of the lingual tonsil, whereas the SNOMED concept "excision of lingual tonsil" implies complete removal. No total excision code exists for the lingual tonsil in ICHI (tonsillectomy DAA.JK.AC covers palatine tonsils generally), making DAA.JJ.AC the closest match but broader in scope.
20466006 (Excision of pterygium with graft)maps to wider conceptBBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva)Pterygium is a lesion of the conjunctiva, so BBA.JI.AA captures the excision component accurately. However, the ICHI code does not encode the "with graft" aspect of the procedure — ICHI has no specific pterygium-with-graft code and the conjunctival repair code (BBA.MK.AA) would need to be used separately to represent the grafting, making the single code mapping broader than the SNOMED concept.
449432003 (Excision of Reinke's edema using laser)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)Reinke's edema is a lesion of the laryngeal vocal fold, so local excision of a laryngeal lesion captures the target and action correctly. However, the ICHI code does not specify the laser means (the means axis AC denotes laryngoscopic/endoscopic approach, not laser), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser use.
56361007 (Excision of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JJ.AA covers partial excision of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which broadly aligns with the generic SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code specifies "partial" excision and does not distinguish whether a specific lesion or the tissue itself is targeted, making it slightly broader in scope than the unqualified SNOMED term.
174699007 (Excision of transplanted pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.JK.AA (Total pancreatectomy)No dedicated ICHI code exists for removal of a transplanted pancreas specifically. Total pancreatectomy (KCO.JK.AA) is the closest structural match as it represents complete excision of the pancreas, but it does not capture the transplant-specific clinical context that distinguishes this SNOMED concept.
83634003 (Excision of tumor of soft tissue of neck, deep, subfascial, intramuscular)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies a deep subfascial intramuscular tumor in the neck, while the best available ICHI code covers local excision of a soft tissue lesion at an unspecified site; the MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) has no corresponding excision category, so the unspecified-site code is the best fit but loses both the neck location and depth specificity.
232829009 (Excision of vegetations from implanted aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations generically across all cardiac sites; it does not capture that the target is specifically the aortic valve or that the valve is a prosthetic implant, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No valve-specific vegetation removal code exists in ICHI.
232907009 (Excision of vegetations from implanted atrioventricular valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA is the only ICHI vegetation extraction code and is broader, as it does not distinguish the atrioventricular valve as the target or its prosthetic nature; the ICHI atrioventricular valve block (HDM) covers only congenitally malformed valves and contains no vegetation removal code.
232762008 (Excision of vegetations from implanted mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA captures cardiac vegetation extraction generically; the mitral valve block (HDF) contains no vegetation-specific code, and neither the mitral valve specificity nor the prosthetic implant context is encoded, making this mapping wider than the SNOMED concept.
232858007 (Excision of vegetations from implanted pulmonary valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA is the only available ICHI code for cardiac vegetation removal; the pulmonary valve block (HDG) has no vegetation-specific code, so specificity for the pulmonary valve site and prosthetic valve context is lost in this mapping.
232802004 (Excision of vegetations from implanted tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA is the single ICHI code for cardiac vegetation extraction and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the tricuspid valve as the anatomical target and the prosthetic implant context; the tricuspid valve block (HDH) contains no vegetation removal code.
232938005 (Excision of vegetations from implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA captures extraction of cardiac vegetations (the defining procedure), but does not specify that the valve is an implanted (prosthetic) truncal valve; no more specific code exists in the truncal valve block (HDI) for vegetation removal. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering vegetations on any cardiac structure.
18887007 (Excision with graft replacement of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for surgical reconstruction (which encompasses excision and graft replacement) of the abdominal or pelvic artery, but it groups all abdominal/pelvic arteries together rather than isolating a single abdominal artery, and "reconstruction" is slightly broader than the specific SNOMED procedure of excision-plus-graft-replacement.
473218004 (Excisional debridement of wound for infection)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JG.AA is the only body-site-unspecified, incisional debridement code in the integumentary system and best represents excisional wound debridement when no specific anatomical site is stated; however, it does not encode the infectious indication, and ICHI's JG (debridement) action subsumes both excisional and non-excisional variants, making it broader.
171253004 (Exercise status screening)maps to wider conceptVEB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of physical activity behaviours)VEB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of physical activity behaviours, which aligns with evaluating a person's exercise status, but it sits within the public-health/behavioural chapter and does not specifically represent a clinical screening test; HTM.AA.ZZ (assessment of exercise tolerance functions) is also adjacent but focuses on physiological function rather than activity status, so VEB.AA.ZZ is the best fit at the cost of being broader.
410289001 (Exercises education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptVEB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about physical activity behaviours)VEB.PP.ZZ captures the counselling dimension of the SNOMED concept; the education component is separately coded as VEB.PM.ZZ and advising as VEB.PN.ZZ, but no single ICHI code combines all three elements (education, guidance, and counselling about exercise), so the counselling code is chosen as the best single approximation, making it wider relative to the full SNOMED scope.
446134005 (Exploration and decompression of spinal canal)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)ABG.FC.AA "Release of spinal canal" covers the decompressive component of the procedure, and the separate code ABG.AE.AA covers exploration alone; no single ICHI code combines both actions. ABG.FC.AA is the better fit as decompression (release) is the operative intent, but it is slightly broader in that it does not explicitly encode the exploratory component.
447880004 (Exploration and ligation of aneurysm of cerebral artery)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)Surgical ligation of a cerebral artery aneurysm is a form of vascular occlusion; IAA.LA.AA "Occlusion of intracranial artery" is the closest available ICHI code for the ligation component, and no ICHI code specifies aneurysm clipping or ligation specifically. The code is wider because it encompasses all causes of intracranial artery occlusion and does not capture the exploratory element of the SNOMED concept.
42241006 (Exploration of cranium)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)In ICHI there is no dedicated "exploration of skull/cranium" code; craniotomy (MAA.FA.AA) is the standard open surgical access procedure performed to explore the cranium, and it is the closest available match. It is wider because craniotomy describes the access technique rather than the exploratory intent, and can be performed for reasons other than exploration.
443455008 (Exploration of penetrating wound of hand)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a hand-specific wound exploration code; LZZ.AE.AA covers open exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue (NEC) and is the best available match for surgically exploring a penetrating wound. It is wider because it is not specific to the hand and does not encode the penetrating wound context; the hand-specific codes in ICHI (MGB, MGJ, MGT, MGM blocks) are tissue-specific rather than wound-exploration oriented.
397159007 (Exteriorization of intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)Exteriorization of intestine is the surgical act of bringing a loop of bowel through the abdominal wall to create an external opening, which is precisely what a colostomy (or ileostomy) is; KBP.LI.AA (Colostomy) is a specific instance of intestinal exteriorization applied to the colon, making the SNOMED concept broader since it encompasses any segment of intestine (including small intestine), while the ICHI code covers only colonic exteriorization.
40328001 (Exteriorization of maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptJAF.FA.AA (Radical maxillary antrotomy)Exteriorization of the maxillary sinus involves surgically opening the sinus to create external drainage, which corresponds most closely to a radical maxillary antrotomy (wide surgical opening of the antrum). ICHI does not have a specific "exteriorization" code, and the antrotomy code is broader in that it describes the incisional technique rather than the specific intent of exteriorization.
36708009 (External fetal monitor surveillance)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)External fetal monitor surveillance (e.g., cardiotocography) is a non-invasive fetal assessment; ICHI's NMR.AA.ZZ captures the assessment action on the fetal structure but is broader because it does not specify the external/non-invasive modality or the monitoring-over-time nature of surveillance. The only fetal monitoring code ICHI has (NMR.AI.AC) is specifically internal monitoring, which is the opposite modality.
449312000 (External fixation of phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of hand or finger)External fixation of a phalanx maps to application of an external immobilisation device to the bone of the hand or finger (MGB.LC.AH), which is the most specific ICHI code for this target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all bones of the hand and fingers, not just the phalanges, and does not distinguish hand from foot phalanges.
288164006 (External manipulation)maps to wider conceptPA (Manipulation)ICHI's "Manipulation" action code PA covers manual manipulation broadly without specifying the "external" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes externally applied manipulation (e.g. external cephalic version or joint manipulation from outside the body). The specific joint/region manipulation codes (e.g. MRJ.PA.AH) are each narrower and body-part-specific, so the action-level code PA is the best available fit.
341939001 (Extracorporeal hemofiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI has no dedicated code for hemofiltration specifically; NAA.JC.AF "Renal dialysis" is the closest available code, as it covers extracorporeal blood-cleansing interventions on the kidney, but it is broader — it encompasses hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and hemofiltration under one concept without distinguishing the filtration-only modality.
439334000 (Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptMQS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of lower limb, not elsewhere classified)MQS.SC.BJ matches the extracorporeal shockwave modality (SC) delivered via ultrasound (BJ) to the lower limb, which covers the plantar fasciitis site, but is broader because it applies to any lower limb soft tissue target rather than specifically the plantar fascia; ICHI has no dedicated code for plantar fascia shockwave therapy.
66226002 (Extraction of after cataract with capsulotomy)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)"Capsulotomy" (BBF.FA.AA) is the closest ICHI code — it covers incision/opening of the lens capsule within the lens block, which encompasses the capsulotomy component of after-cataract treatment. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes extraction of residual lens material (after cataract) combined with a capsulotomy rather than capsulotomy alone.
51839008 (Extraction of primary membranous cataract by needling)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI does not have a code specific to needling as a technique, nor one for primary membranous cataract specifically. BBF.JK.AA "Extraction of lens" is the best available code within the lens block (BlockL5-BBF), covering extraction procedures on the lens; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the type of cataract (primary membranous) and the technique (needling/discission).
414168009 (Extraocular muscle posterior fixation suture)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)BDA.LC.AA covers all forms of ocular muscle fixation, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a posterior fixation suture (Faden procedure), which is a more precise surgical technique. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the posterior placement or suture method.
91177008 (Eye examination under anesthesia)maps to wider conceptBZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)BZA.AA.ZZ captures the eye examination (assessment) component of this concept, but ICHI does not encode the procedural context of general anesthesia within this code; the anesthesia aspect would require a separate extension code, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically constrains examination to the under-anesthesia setting.
120085004 (Eye incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system)ICHI has no single assignable code for a generic "incision of the eye" — it codes incision by specific ocular structure (eyelid, cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, etc.). The SNOMED concept is a broad parent grouping, so the nearest ICHI grouping block "Interventions on the visual system" is assigned as wider; no single category code captures it without specifying the exact structure.
120112007 (Eyelid transposition)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI has no specific "transposition of eyelid" code. Eyelid transposition (a flap-based reconstructive technique) is best captured by "Reconstruction of eyelid" (BAA.ML.AA), which is broader since it encompasses all reconstructive approaches, not only transposition.
711114005 (Facilitation of access to treatment)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)Referral to a health provider is the ICHI mechanism most equivalent to facilitating access to treatment at the individual level; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (any treatment, including non-health-provider-based) while UEP.TI.ZZ specifically represents the act of referral, making the ICHI code narrower in some respects but the best available fit.
975261000000102 (Facilitation of development of interaction skills)maps to wider conceptSR2.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in general interpersonal interactions, not elsewhere classified)SR2.PH.ZZ represents training to improve general interpersonal interaction ability, which aligns well with developing interaction skills; however, ICHI's code is broader in that it covers general interpersonal interactions and is not limited to skill development per se.
1156688001 (Facilitation of grieving process)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Grieving is fundamentally an emotional process, and facilitating the grief process is most closely captured by counselling directed at emotional functions (AUD target). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all emotional functions, not specifically grief or bereavement, and no more specific grief-focused ICHI code exists.
711117003 (Facilitation of impulse control)maps to wider conceptAUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)Impulse control is a core component of higher-level cognitive (executive) functions in ICF/ICHI terminology; training of higher-level cognitive functions is the closest ICHI intervention type for an intervention that facilitates impulse regulation. The code is broader as it covers all higher-level cognitive functions, not just impulse control specifically.
1156685003 (Facilitation of rest)maps to wider conceptVEC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours)ICHI's "sleep and rest behaviours" block (VEC) is the closest match, covering interventions that support rest as a health-related behaviour; "counselling" is the best-fitting action for a facilitation/support intervention. The code is broader because it covers both sleep and rest, and "counselling" only partially captures "facilitation".
287946001 (Fallopian tube repair - graft)maps to wider conceptNMC.ML.AA (Salpingoplasty)Salpingoplasty in ICHI denotes plastic reconstruction of the fallopian tube, which encompasses graft-based repair; it is the most specific available code beyond the generic "repair of fallopian tube" and aligns with the reconstructive/graft intent of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader as salpingoplasty includes techniques other than graft specifically.
311764000 (Family counseling)maps to wider conceptSSJ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in family relationships)SSJ.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code representing counselling with a family-relationships target, but its target axis (engaging in family relationships as an activity/participation domain) is broader than the clinical sense of family counselling as a therapeutic modality directed at the family unit; the ICHI code encompasses any counselling touching on family relationship engagement rather than structured family therapy.
243115004 (Family support)maps to wider conceptUCB.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from immediate family)UCB.RG.ZZ sits within the "support from immediate family" environment block and represents service provision in that context, which aligns well with the concept of family support as a clinical activity; however, it is somewhat broader in scope (covers systemic service provision not limited to direct patient support) and is restricted to immediate family, whereas the SNOMED concept is not so constrained.
91157001 (Fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMRS.JH.AA (Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft)"Fascial graft" as a SNOMED concept refers to harvesting of fascia for use as a graft material, corresponding most closely to MRS.JH.AA (procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft); however, ICHI's code only covers the harvesting/procurement step, not the full graft procedure including implantation, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the SNOMED concept.
1055204001 (Fat and oil modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ represents any modification to food broadly as a public/environmental health intervention, while the SNOMED concept is a specific clinical dietary intervention restricting or altering fat and oil content; the ICHI code captures the concept but is considerably broader, encompassing all types of food modification rather than this specific macronutrient-targeted dietary prescription.
410291009 (Feeding procedures education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptKTB.PP.ZZ (Counselling in relation to ingestion functions)KTB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for ingestion functions (the physiological act of taking in food/drink), which is the closest ICHI concept to feeding procedures education and counselling; however, the SNOMED concept also includes guidance and education components (not just counselling), and KTB.PM.ZZ (Education) and KTB.PN.ZZ (Advising) are siblings rather than a combined code, so no single ICHI code captures all three modalities.
5807005 (Fenestration of inner ear, initial)maps to wider conceptCCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft)CCA.ML.AA is the only inner ear fenestration code in ICHI but specifies "with graft," whereas the SNOMED concept describes the initial fenestration procedure without stipulating a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept (which may or may not involve a graft) and also does not capture the "initial" qualifier.
86654005 (Fenestration of stapes footplate with incus replacement)maps to wider conceptCBF.FA.AC (Stapedotomy)Stapedotomy (creating a small fenestration in the stapes footplate) captures the primary operative element, but ICHI has no single code for the combined footplate fenestration with incus replacement, so the ICHI code is broader than the more specific SNOMED concept.
36285008 (Fenestration of vestibule with graft)maps to wider conceptCCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft)CCA.ML.AA explicitly encodes both the fenestration technique and graft placement in the inner ear, closely matching this procedure targeting the bony vestibule; ICHI's "inner ear" target is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific anatomical site of the vestibule.
386562007 (Fetal cranioclasis)maps to wider conceptNMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)Cranioclasis is a specific destructive obstetric operation in which the fetal skull is crushed to enable delivery; NMR.GA.AC covers all forms of fetal destruction to facilitate delivery (craniotomy, decapitation, evisceration, etc.), making it the correct parent but semantically broader than cranioclasis alone.
252946000 (Fetal kick chart)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI contains no code for fetal kick counting or fetal movement charting; NUE.AI.ZZ is the closest available code, covering monitoring of pregnancy-related functions broadly, but it is considerably wider than the specific act of recording maternal perception of fetal movements on a kick chart.
274473007 (Fetal manipulation)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus)"Fetal manipulation" broadly encompasses any manual repositioning of the fetus, of which external cephalic version is the most common clinical form; NMR.LD.AH is the best available ICHI code but does not cover all possible fetal manipulations such as internal podalic version.
398221005 (Fetal pH monitoring)maps to wider conceptNMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)Fetal pH monitoring involves collecting fetal scalp blood samples to measure acid-base status during labour, which is an invasive internal procedure on the fetus; NMR.AI.AC is the closest available code and is broader, covering all forms of internal fetal monitoring without specificity to pH/blood-gas analysis.
252949007 (Fetal stimulation test)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)Fetal stimulation tests (vibroacoustic or scalp stimulation to assess heart rate reactivity) are a form of fetal assessment; NMR.AA.ZZ is the broadest and best available ICHI match, but ICHI has no code specific to stimulation-provoked fetal assessment.
709117007 (Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental vessel for twin to twin transfusion syndrome)maps to wider conceptNMM.GA.AB (Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta)NMM.GA.AB covers endoscopic destruction of placental vessels, which encompasses fetoscopic laser photocoagulation; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser/photocoagulation means, the fetoscopic approach, or the TTTS indication.
173646008 (Fiberoptic endoscopic balloon dilation of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD captures endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus, matching target and action; the ICHI code does not specify the balloon technique (versus bougie or other dilators), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly identifies balloon dilation.
426690009 (Fiberoptic endoscopic reduction of intussusception of gastroenterostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AD (Endoscopic reduction of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's closest code covers endoscopic repositioning/reduction of small intestine broadly but does not distinguish the gastroenterostomy site or the intussusception mechanism, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
427389003 (Fiberoptic endoscopic removal of gastrostomy tube)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)A gastrostomy tube is precisely an internal device within the stomach removed via endoscopy; ICHI's code is broader, covering any internal device or foreign body and not specific to gastrostomy tubes.
234797006 (Final cementation of crown to tooth - laboratory constructed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no specific "cementation" action code; crown cementation is classified under the broader "Restoration of tooth", which encompasses all restorative dental procedures including crown placement. The laboratory-constructed specificity is not distinguished.
234798001 (Final cementation of crown to tooth - preformed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Same as 234797006 — ICHI does not distinguish between laboratory-constructed and preformed crowns, nor does it have a dedicated cementation action; both concepts collapse into the broader "Restoration of tooth" category.
709855000 (Finger brachial pressure index)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)ICHI has no specific code for the finger-brachial pressure index (digital-to-brachial systolic pressure ratio used to assess peripheral arterial disease in the fingers); ITB.AB.AH is the generic vascular function measurement code and is considerably broader.
183282001 (Finger-reading training)maps to wider conceptSAE.PH.ZZ (Training in using other purposeful sensing)Finger-reading (Braille) is a tactile purposeful sensing activity; SAE.PH.ZZ sits within the ICHI block for "Interventions on purposeful sensory experiences" covering training in non-visual reading by touch, but it is broader as it covers all forms of purposeful sensing.
236275005 (First stage of two-stage epispadias repair)maps to wider conceptNGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis)ICHI has no epispadias-specific code; NGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis) is the broadest penile surgical repair code and the best available match, even though the urethral axis is also involved and ICHI does not distinguish staged procedures.
236287003 (First stage urethra terminalizing operation using skin graft)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)A urethra terminalizing operation using a skin graft is a reconstructive urethral procedure; NAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code, capturing the reconstructive nature, though ICHI does not distinguish staged procedures or specify the skin graft technique.
290038001 (Fit ear mold)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)Fitting an ear mold is the installation of a custom-made assistive device to the ear; PAB.DP.AH is the most anatomically specific ICHI code available for installing an assistive product at the head/neck region, since ICHI has no dedicated ear mold or hearing aid fitting code.
30252008 (Fitting and dispensing of spectacles)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated assignable procedure code for spectacles fitting; spectacles are an assistive product worn on the head, and "Installation of assistive product to head or neck" is the most structurally appropriate code available, though considerably broader.
225178001 (Fitting flange of stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Fitting a flange of a stoma appliance is a specific component of stoma appliance management; the ICHI code covers stoma management broadly (NEC) and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept which targets the specific flange fitting step.
234820009 (Fitting of bite raising appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept: a bite raising appliance is a specific occlusal splint fitted to the teeth, while the ICHI code covers application of any dental device without specifying type or therapeutic purpose.
225251006 (Fitting of cervical cap)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)A cervical cap is a barrier contraceptive device fitted vaginally over the cervix; NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal vaginal device and is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader and does not capture the contraceptive purpose or the specific cervical target.
1144279009 (Fitting of complete denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for a complete (full) denture; KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device, making it a broader match that does not distinguish removable full prostheses from partial dentures or other dental devices.
1231172007 (Fitting of complete fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no code specific to fixed orthodontic appliances (braces); KAE.LC.AC is the best available match as a broader code covering placement of any dental device, but it does not distinguish fixed from removable appliances or orthodontic from prosthetic intent.
1144280007 (Fitting of complete overdenture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An overdenture is a removable prosthesis that fits over retained roots or implants; ICHI has no code distinguishing overdentures from other dentures, so KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code at a broader level of granularity.
1285005000 (Fitting of dental bridge to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for a dental bridge (fixed partial denture); KAE.LC.AC is the closest assignable code within the Interventions on teeth block but is broader, encompassing any dental device rather than a bridge specifically.
426222000 (Fitting of dental crown to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI contains "Dental crown" only as an extension/qualifier without an independent assignable code; "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) closely captures the restorative intent of crown fitting but is broader, encompassing all tooth restoration types.
1285466009 (Fitting of dental trauma splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)No ICHI code for a dental trauma splint was found; "Application of dental device" is the best available assignable code within the teeth block, but it is broader than the specific act of fitting a trauma splint.
1285644009 (Fitting of fixed functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)No ICHI code for orthodontic appliances (functional, fixed, twin block, bionator) was found; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest assignable code, covering application/management of external dental appliances broadly, but is wider than the specific concept.
43362002 (Fitting of hearing aid)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI contains "Hearing aids" only as a product extension code without a standalone procedural code; PAB.DP.AH captures the act of fitting an assistive device to the head region but is broader than hearing-aid fitting specifically.
1144275003 (Fitting of immediate lower denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI's "Application of dental device" covers the act of fitting any dental device (including a denture) to the teeth/oral structures, but does not capture the specificity of "immediate" timing (fitted right after extraction) or the lower arch location. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1144277006 (Fitting of immediate upper denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)As with the lower denture equivalent, "Application of dental device" covers denture fitting in general but does not distinguish the "immediate" post-extraction timing or the upper arch, making ICHI broader than this SNOMED concept.
1269338000 (Fitting of inlay to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A dental inlay is a specific type of intracoronal tooth restoration, and "Restoration of tooth" is the closest ICHI category encompassing it alongside all other restorative techniques (fillings, onlays, veneers, etc.); ICHI lacks a dedicated inlay code, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1259900009 (Fitting of intraoral appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)"Application of dental device" is the best ICHI match for fitting any intraoral appliance (e.g., splints, retainers, guards), but it is broader because it covers all dental device applications without restricting to intraoral appliances specifically.
1285649004 (Fitting of lower removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)"Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest ICHI code covering the fitting/management of removable dental appliances worn externally on teeth, but it does not capture the "orthodontic" purpose, "removable" nature, or "lower arch" specificity of the SNOMED concept.
1285014005 (Fitting of orthodontic band to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC captures the act of applying a device to the teeth, which aligns with fitting an orthodontic band; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any dental device, not specifically an orthodontic band, and does not distinguish between device subtypes or teeth.
1269387003 (Fitting of orthodontic bracket)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Fitting an orthodontic bracket is a specific instance of applying a dental device to a tooth; KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it encompasses all dental device applications rather than brackets specifically.
1285450007 (Fitting of orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An orthodontic retainer is an external dental appliance, and its initial fitting constitutes applying a dental device; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match but is broader, covering any dental device application regardless of type or orthodontic purpose.
1285468005 (Fitting of orthodontic separator)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An orthodontic separator is a device placed on a tooth, making KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) the closest ICHI match; it is broader because it does not distinguish separators from other dental devices or capture the orthodontic context.
1269323001 (Fitting of partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth and is broader than the specific procedure of fitting a removable partial denture. No ICHI code specific to partial dentures exists; this is the closest assignable category under "Interventions on teeth."
13514002 (Fitting of pessary)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)A pessary is an internal vaginal device, so NMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina) captures the core procedure well. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any internal vaginal device, not only pessaries, though the "Vaginal pessary" supplementary code exists to narrow the means axis.
1284878006 (Fitting of post core to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A post-core is a restorative foundation placed in a prepared tooth before a crown, making KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all tooth restoration procedures rather than the specific post-core build-up technique.
69406003 (Fitting of prosthesis)maps to wider conceptUA1.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products, unspecified)"Fitting of prosthesis" in SNOMED is a broad unspecified concept, and UA1.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products, unspecified) is the closest general ICHI code for placing an assistive/prosthetic product without a specified body site or type. Both are non-specific, though the ICHI code sits in the environment/products chapter rather than a body-system chapter.
1285042007 (Fitting of removable functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of external tooth appliances, which encompasses fitting a removable orthodontic device. The ICHI code is broader as it includes any external dental appliance management activity, not specifically removable functional orthodontic appliances.
1286900002 (Fitting of removable orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI does not have a specific code for orthodontic retainers; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the best available match as it covers the application and adjustment of external dental appliances, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a removable orthodontic retainer in particular.
1268672006 (Fitting of restoration to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" covers restorative dental work including on implant-supported restorations, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept since it does not specify that the restoration is being fitted to a dental implant specifically.
18281003 (Fitting of spectacles, monofocal)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI has no specific code for spectacle fitting; the closest available code is "Installation of assistive product to head or neck," which encompasses fitting spectacles (an assistive visual product worn on the head/face), but is far broader and does not distinguish lens type (monofocal vs. multifocal).
50689005 (Fitting of spectacles, multifocal)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)As with the monofocal variant, ICHI lacks a specific code for multifocal spectacle fitting; "Installation of assistive product to head or neck" is the best available match but does not capture the type of spectacles, making both monofocal and multifocal SNOMED concepts map to the same broader ICHI code.
1285647002 (Fitting of upper removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no code specific to removable orthodontic appliances or their arch (upper vs. lower); "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the best match as it covers external dental appliance management, but it is broader and does not capture the removable nature or the upper arch specification of the SNOMED concept.
1269406009 (Fitting of veneer to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A dental veneer is a specific type of tooth restoration (a thin facing bonded to the tooth surface), making "Restoration of tooth" the closest ICHI concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of tooth restoration, not only veneers.
225177006 (Fitting seal of stoma appliance)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Fitting the skin-barrier seal of a stoma appliance is a specific component of stoma care maintenance; ICHI covers it only at the broader level of general stoma management. No ICHI code exists for the discrete act of applying or sealing the flange/barrier portion of a stoma system.
225176002 (Fitting stoma bag)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Applying a stoma collection bag (pouch) is a specific component of stoma appliance management that ICHI captures only at the broader "management of stoma" level. ICHI does not distinguish between fitting the bag and other stoma care activities.
65995008 (Fixation of cardinal ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)The cardinal ligament (Mackenrodt's ligament) is a primary supporting structure of the uterus, and its surgical fixation is performed to achieve uterine suspension/support. ICHI's "Uterine suspension" (NME.LC.AA) is broader because it covers uterine suspension by any means/ligament, while the SNOMED concept specifies fixation specifically of the cardinal ligament.
1264406006 (Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth" (cementing/bonding a pre-fabricated restoration such as a crown, inlay, or onlay to a tooth) is a subset of tooth restoration procedures. ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) is broader, encompassing all restorative work on teeth and not distinguishing between direct and indirect restorations or the fixation step specifically.
66144000 (Fixation of palpebral ligament)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)No ICHI code exists specifically for fixation of the palpebral (canthal) ligament; the closest available code is "Repair of eyelid" (BAA.MK.AA), which covers eyelid repair procedures broadly and is therefore wider than this specific ligament fixation. No canthal, canthoplasty, or canthopexy codes are present in the eyelid block.
234804004 (Fixation of restoration to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) encompasses dental restorative procedures generally, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about attaching/fixing a prosthetic restoration onto a dental implant. The ICHI code is broader and does not distinguish the implant-attachment aspect of the procedure.
427326007 (Fixation of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI's "Repair of retina" (BCC.MK.AA) is the closest available code and covers retinal repair procedures including retinopexy, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to fixation (e.g., pneumatic retinopexy or scleral buckling for retinal detachment). No dedicated retinopexy code exists within the ICHI retina block.
276188006 (Fixation of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AA (Vaginal suspension and fixation)NMH.LC.AA covers "vaginal suspension and fixation," which includes the fixation procedure but also encompasses suspension operations; the SNOMED concept is purely "fixation of vagina," making the ICHI code slightly broader. The unspecified-approach variant (AA = open) is chosen over the transvaginal (AC) or laparoscopic (AB) variants since the SNOMED concept does not specify approach.
70109007 (Fixed appliance therapy for tooth guidance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)"Fixed appliance therapy for tooth guidance" is an orthodontic intervention using bonded brackets/wires to guide tooth position, which falls within management of an external appliance of the tooth (KAE.SM.AC). The ICHI code is broader as it covers any management of an external tooth appliance, not specifically orthodontic guidance therapy.
265568005 (Flexible cystoscopy and cystodiathermy)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — diagnostic flexible cystoscopy plus therapeutic diathermy (electrocautery destruction) of bladder tissue. NAI.GA.AD captures the key therapeutic component (transurethral/endoscopic destruction of bladder tissue) but is broader as it does not specify the flexible cystoscopic approach and does not encode the combined diagnostic+therapeutic nature.
431519005 (Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIBB.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.LH.AF maps the carotid stent insertion procedure percutaneously, capturing the core intervention (carotid stenting), but is broader in that it does not specify the common carotid specifically (vs. the extracranial carotid artery generally), nor the fluoroscopic angiography guidance modality with contrast.
431872003 (Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI does not have a code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery, so the best match is the broader abdominal or pelvic artery category. The ICHI code captures the stent insertion via percutaneous transluminal approach but does not encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance or the mesenteric artery specificity.
433025006 (Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)As with the inferior mesenteric artery concept, ICHI encodes stent placement in abdominal or pelvic artery at the group level only, with no code specific to the superior mesenteric artery, and does not capture the fluoroscopic angiographic guidance component.
432429004 (Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIED.BA.BB (Angiography of abdominal or pelvic vein with contrast medium)The IED section has no stent insertion or percutaneous dilatation code for abdominal or pelvic veins (unlike the artery section), so the best available ICHI code captures only the contrast venography component of the procedure and is broader by omitting the stent insertion and the mesenteric vein specificity.
1255141008 (Fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guided transcatheter annuloplasty of tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.ML.AF (Percutaneous transluminal reconstruction of tricuspid valve)HDH.ML.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering percutaneous transluminal (transcatheter) reconstruction of the tricuspid valve, which encompasses annuloplasty as a form of valve reconstruction. However, ICHI does not encode the dual-imaging guidance (fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography) used to direct the procedure.
1237589003 (Fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guided transcatheter repair of leaflet of tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDH.MK.AA covers repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus generally, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's more specific procedure (transcatheter leaflet repair guided by fluoroscopy and TEE). ICHI does have a percutaneous transluminal reconstruction code (HDH.ML.AF) but the SNOMED concept is specifically a repair (not reconstruction), and HDH.MK.AA does not encode the transcatheter/percutaneous approach or the imaging guidance, making the ICHI code broader.
439517009 (Fluoroscopy guided adjustment of peripherally inserted central catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptICD.LD.AA (Repositioning of vein of upper limb)A PICC adjustment (repositioning of the catheter tip) maps most closely to ICD.LD.AA (repositioning of vein of upper limb), as a PICC is inserted via a peripheral vein of the upper limb and repositioning is the operative action. The ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance, contrast use, or the catheter-specific nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
870388004 (Fluoroscopy guided cooled radiofrequency ablation of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)Cooled radiofrequency ablation is a percutaneous destruction technique applied to a nerve, matching the action (destruction) and approach (percutaneous) in ACA.GA.AE. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific energy modality (cooled RF vs. other destruction methods), the fluoroscopic guidance, and it is limited to peripheral nerves whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type.
847101000000107 (Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus, which aligns with the core procedure (bronchial dilation via an endoscopic/transluminal approach). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the balloon technique (cutting balloon), the fluoroscopic guidance, or distinguish cutting balloon from standard balloon dilation.
16547731000119108 (Fluoroscopy guided diagnostic lumbar puncture)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)ABG.AH.AE is a direct match for lumbar puncture, capturing the target (spinal canal at lumbar level) and the action (aspiration/sampling). The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fluoroscopic imaging guidance specified in the SNOMED concept, nor the explicitly diagnostic intent.
1296635004 (Fluoroscopy guided endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing)maps to wider conceptKBI.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum)Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is a catheter-based endoscopic procedure that ablates/destroys the duodenal mucosa; KBI.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum, which is broader as it does not specify mucosal resurfacing specifically, but is the closest available ICHI concept. The fluoroscopy guidance is not represented in the ICHI code.
431655007 (Fluoroscopy guided fibrin sheath stripping from central venous catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIB.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava)Fibrin sheath stripping removes a fibrin sleeve that has formed around a central venous catheter, typically approached via the superior vena cava under fluoroscopic guidance; HIB.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of an internal device or foreign body from the superior vena cava, which is the nearest anatomical and procedural match in ICHI but is broader, as it does not specifically encode fibrin sheath stripping or the use of contrast.
1332236008 (Fluoroscopy guided implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)A cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) is a specific type of permanent endocardial defibrillator system implanted percutaneously; HFC.DN.AF is the closest ICHI code covering this device class, but it is broader because it does not distinguish cardiac resynchronization therapy (biventricular pacing) from conventional pacemaker or ICD implantation, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance.
699203009 (Fluoroscopy guided implantation of venous access port)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)A venous access port is implanted percutaneously into a central thoracic vein (typically subclavian or internal jugular, terminating in the superior vena cava), and IDB.DL.AF — percutaneous transluminal insertion of a device into a vein of the thorax — is the best anatomical fit; however, it is broader since it does not specify a port (versus catheter or stent) and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance.
725822006 (Fluoroscopy guided injection of cervical spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)The SNOMED concept describes a fluoroscopy-guided injection specifically targeting a cervical spinal nerve root (a common pain-management procedure); ABN.DB.AE covers injection into spinal nerve (percutaneous approach) but is broader as it applies to any spinal nerve level and does not distinguish nerve root from nerve trunk, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic guidance or cervical level specificity.
431987007 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of apheresis catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptDIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)ICHI's "Therapeutic apheresis" captures the apheresis procedure itself (blood separation/removal via extracorporeal circuit) but is broader — it does not specify catheter insertion, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use. There is no ICHI code for catheter placement specifically for apheresis access, so this is the closest clinically relevant code.
1356832005 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of cardiac pacemaker with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)This ICHI code matches the percutaneous transluminal route of pacemaker lead insertion into the endocardium, which is consistent with the fluoroscopy-guided approach, but it is broader in that it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, and it refers specifically to a temporary system rather than any pacemaker. If the intent is a permanent pacemaker, HFC.DN.AF would be the alternative, but HFC.DL.AF is the best procedural analogue for fluoroscopy-guided endocardial catheter insertion for pacing.
433154003 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into cardiac ventricle for stimulation with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)Insertion of a catheter into the cardiac ventricle for electrical stimulation is functionally equivalent to temporary endocardial pacing lead placement; the ICHI code captures this via percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion but does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast or limit the target to the ventricle specifically.
431645008 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into inferior vena cava)maps to wider conceptHIC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava)This ICHI code matches the anatomy (inferior vena cava) and the percutaneous transluminal approach used in fluoroscopy-guided catheter insertion, but is broader because it covers any intraluminal device (filter, stent, catheter) and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium.
431216004 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into pulmonary artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptHZB.AB.AF (Right heart cardiac catheterisation)ICHI has no dedicated code for fluoroscopy-guided pulmonary artery catheter insertion; right heart cardiac catheterisation (HZB.AB.AF) is the closest procedural concept, as a pulmonary artery catheter is advanced through the right heart to reach the pulmonary artery. However, this ICHI code is broader — it encompasses the full right heart catheterisation procedure and does not specify the pulmonary artery target, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use.
736276004 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of central venous catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for central venous catheter insertion; IDB.DL.AF (percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax) captures the key elements of target (thoracic vein, which encompasses subclavian/internal jugular approaches) and percutaneous approach, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any device in any thoracic vein and does not specify catheter type, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use.
736281008 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE captures percutaneous device insertion into the spinal canal, which is the structural equivalent of intrathecal catheter placement; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device inserted into the spinal canal via any percutaneous route, without specifying catheter type or fluoroscopic guidance.
432113002 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of temporary cardiac pacemaker with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF is a strong match capturing the percutaneous/endovascular approach and temporary pacemaker insertion; it is coded as wider because the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopic guidance or contrast use, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly encodes those procedural details.
432042008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of catheter into hepatic vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for hepatic vein catheter insertion — the hepatic vein (an abdominal vein) is not covered by the thoracic vein block (IDB) nor the portal vein block (IEF), and the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED) only has a specific catheter code for umbilical vein; IZD.DL.AF (percutaneous insertion into vein NEC) is the best available match but is considerably broader, covering any unspecified vein without specifying hepatic target, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use.
431646009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of catheter into renal vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated renal vein target; the residual code IZD.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device/catheter insertion into any vein not individually classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal vein. The fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance is not encoded in ICHI.
430284002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous laser ablation of short saphenous vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)The small/short saphenous vein is a lower limb vein, and endovenous destruction (GA = destruction, AF = endovascular/percutaneous transluminal) matches the laser ablation procedure; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific vessel (short saphenous vs great saphenous) or the laser technique, making the ICHI code broader.
431532000 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous retrograde balloon embolization of occlusion of gastric vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches)The gastric vein is a tributary of the portal venous system, so endovascular embolisation of portal vein and branches is the best available ICHI fit; the ICHI code does not capture the retrograde balloon technique, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the specific gastric vein target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1336128009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transhepatic insertion of catheter into biliary tract with contrast)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA covers device/catheter insertion into the biliary tract but does not encode the percutaneous transhepatic approach, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a distinct interventional radiology technique.
233476002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of arteriovenous fistula using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptICA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for AV fistula angioplasty; the best fit is percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb, which covers the balloon dilatation action and the most common AV fistula location (forearm/upper arm), but is broader in that it encompasses any upper limb artery rather than specifically an AV fistula.
1344860003 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of mesenteric artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so this code captures the correct anatomical region and procedure type (percutaneous transluminal dilatation), but is broader because it encompasses all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the mesenteric artery specifically.
722199001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of spinal artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for spinal artery and spinal arteries do not fit cleanly into any available regional block (upper limb, thorax, abdominal/pelvic), so the residual "artery not elsewhere classified" category is the most appropriate, capturing the percutaneous transluminal dilatation action while being anatomically non-specific.
700494002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon occlusion of vertebral artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)The vertebral artery is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, and ICHI has no dedicated vertebral artery code; IBA.LA.AF (endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck) correctly captures both the endovascular approach and the occlusion action, but is broader because it covers all extracranial head and neck arteries.
438413004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of carotid artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)ICHI has a dedicated code for carotid artery balloon test occlusion that matches the procedural intent precisely, but it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance, percutaneous transluminal approach, or use of contrast medium that are specified in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader in terms of technique detail.
843171000000109 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of internal carotid artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)ICHI covers balloon test occlusion of the carotid artery extracranially but does not distinguish the internal carotid artery from the common or external carotid, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the internal carotid; additionally the fluoroscopy guidance and contrast are not encoded.
441633002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into internal jugular vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck)ICHI captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and device insertion (stent is a device) into a head and neck vein, which encompasses the internal jugular vein, but the code is broader because it covers all veins of the head and neck and any device type, and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance or contrast.
438414005 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of internal iliac artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The internal iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.LA.AF is the closest ICHI code anatomically and procedurally. ICHI is broader because it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not just internal iliac), does not distinguish temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality.
700069009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of subclavian artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIDA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of thoracic artery)The subclavian artery is a thoracic vessel, making IDA.LA.AF the best anatomical fit in ICHI. ICHI is broader because it encompasses all thoracic arteries, does not distinguish temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance or contrast use.
700068001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of subclavian vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIDB.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein of thorax)The subclavian vein is a thoracic vein, making IDB.LA.AF the most appropriate anatomical match. ICHI is broader because it covers all thoracic veins rather than the subclavian specifically, does not differentiate temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and omits the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance detail.
713077000 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of automatic cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal removal approach and the defibrillator device type, aligning well with the SNOMED concept. ICHI is broader because it also covers pacemaker removal (not only defibrillators) and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance modality.
448198004 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for percutaneous removal of a cardiac defibrillator system. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish the biventricular (CRT-D) device subtype from other ICD or pacemaker systems, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance.
447976005 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of any pacemaker or defibrillator system, which encompasses biventricular (CRT) devices, but the ICHI code does not distinguish biventricular systems from single- or dual-chamber devices, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance specified in the SNOMED concept.
713044004 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac pacemaker with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AF is the best structural match for percutaneous pacemaker removal via a transluminal route, but it is broader because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast imaging means specified in the SNOMED concept.
719655009 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of drain from chest)maps to wider conceptJCB.JD.AE (Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity)JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via a percutaneous approach, which aligns well with chest drain removal, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies imaging guidance as part of the procedure.
718856002 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AC (Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)NME.JD.AC is the best-fitting code as IUD removal is performed transvaginally and the target (internal device in uterus) matches the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance and applies to any internal uterine device or foreign body, not specifically a contraceptive device.
710203005 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic contrast enema for reduction of intussusception of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.LD.AC (Reduction of colon by enema)KBP.LD.AC captures the core procedure — reduction of colon by enema — which is exactly the mechanism used to treat intussusception of the colon. However, the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, contrast, or the intussusception aetiology.
16555451000119104 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of left knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.DB.AE (Injection into knee joint)MMJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the knee joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, the therapeutic intent, or left-side laterality.
16549351000119106 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of left wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.DB.AE (Injection into wrist joint)MFJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the wrist joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, therapeutic intent, or left-side laterality.
16549001000119105 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DB.AE (Injection into hip joint)MLJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the hip joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, therapeutic intent, or right-side laterality.
16549151000119108 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.DB.AE (Injection into knee joint)MMJ.DB.AE covers injection into the knee joint, matching the anatomical target and therapeutic injection action, but ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance or right-side laterality within this code.
16549301000119107 (Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.DB.AE (Injection into wrist joint)MFJ.DB.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous injection into the wrist joint — but omits fluoroscopic guidance and right-side laterality that are explicit in the SNOMED concept.
175852005 (Flushing of central line)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF represents maintenance of intravenous access, the closest ICHI concept to flushing a central venous line to preserve patency. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all maintenance activities for IV access rather than the specific act of flushing, and does not specify a central line.
1255676006 (Flushing of implantable venous access port)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)No ICHI code specifically addresses flushing of an implantable port; IZD.SN.AF is the best available approximation as it covers upkeep of venous access devices. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all venous access maintenance rather than the specific device or flushing action.
1264382006 (Follow-up for combined therapy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no code specific to oncology follow-up or combined-modality treatment review; the closest available concept is the general unspecified health management encounter, which is broader than this highly specific post-treatment surveillance visit.
1264383001 (Follow-up for combined therapy of surgery and chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI contains no specific coding for post-surgical/post-chemotherapy follow-up or combined-modality oncology surveillance; the unspecified health management encounter is the most defensible available code, though substantially broader.
1264384007 (Follow-up for combined therapy of surgery and radiation therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI lacks any dedicated oncology follow-up or combined surgery-plus-radiotherapy surveillance code, making the unspecified whole-person health management encounter the only plausible mapping, at the cost of significant loss of specificity.
87790002 (Follow-up inpatient consultation visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not distinguish inpatient vs outpatient care settings or initial vs follow-up consultation encounters; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest whole-person encounter concept but is considerably broader, omitting both the inpatient context and the follow-up/consultation nature of the visit.
410293007 (Food education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ captures only the education component of the SNOMED concept, which also encompasses guidance and counseling about food; from the SNOMED→ICHI direction, the SNOMED concept is wider than the ICHI code (i.e., the ICHI code is narrower). The relationship per FHIR R4 ConceptMap from SNOMED to ICHI is therefore that ICHI is narrower / SNOMED is wider — coded here as "wider" reflecting the SNOMED side; alternatively can be considered narrower from the inverse view.
11624006 (Forced extension of limb)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)"Forced extension of limb" is a specific forcible manipulation applied to a limb joint, while ICHI's closest code covers joint manipulation generically at an unspecified site without specifying direction (extension) or forced/forcible nature.
274463005 (Forcible deformity correction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)Forcible deformity correction is typically achieved through forced manipulation of a joint or soft tissue structure, and ICHI's joint manipulation at unspecified site is the closest available concept; ICHI has no dedicated code for deformity correction by forcible means.
61501008 (Forensic autopsy, extensive)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)ICHI's single autopsy code covers the general procedure without any qualifier for forensic purpose or extent; the SNOMED concept is more specific (forensic context and extensive scope), so the ICHI code is broader.
177130000 (Forewater rupture of amniotic membrane)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)Forewater rupture (amniotomy) is a specific surgical technique used to induce labour by incising the amniotic membranes, but NMM.FA.AC covers all forms of surgical labour induction. No more granular ICHI code for amniotomy exists.
265308006 (Formal myringoplasty using biological graft)maps to wider conceptCBB.MK.AC (Myringoplasty)CBB.MK.AC is a direct named match for myringoplasty in the ICHI tympanic membrane block, but it does not specify the graft material (biological vs. synthetic); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is constrained to a biological graft technique.
85041007 (Formation of conduit of right ventricle and pulmonary artery in repair of pulmonary artery atresia in truncus arteriosus)maps to wider conceptHBB.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree)HBB.LI.AA captures the core surgical act — creating a conduit between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arterial tree — matching the SNOMED procedure's anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the underlying diagnosis (pulmonary artery atresia in truncus arteriosus).
51146001 (Formation of cutaneous ureterostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)Cutaneous ureterostomy is a specific form of urinary diversion where the ureter is brought directly through the skin; NAE.LI.AA is the closest code available but encompasses all types of urinary diversion rather than this specific cutaneous technique.
176340003 (Free graft urethroplasty)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra generally, which encompasses urethroplasty; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of using a free graft (as opposed to pedicled flap or anastomotic repair).
229130007 (Frowning exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Frowning exercises are a specific facial muscle rehabilitation technique; MU2.PH.ZZ covers training of muscle functions broadly (the "not elsewhere classified" residual under interventions on muscle functions), which is wider than this specific frontalis/corrugator muscle exercise.
384708008 (Fulguration)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Fulguration is a specific electrosurgical destruction technique (sparking without direct contact); ICHI has no code for the technique itself as a standalone modality, and LZZ.GA.AH represents destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue with unspecified means at the NEC level — broader than fulguration but the closest available match.
173308005 (Full restoration of crown of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers restoration of tooth in general; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a full (complete) crown restoration rather than any restorative procedure.
783286008 (Full thickness graft of skin to skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA specifies the anatomical target (head or neck) and the reconstruction action (graft), matching the destination site of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not distinguish full-thickness from split-thickness grafts.
783285007 (Full thickness graft of skin to skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to the head or neck region generally without specifying graft thickness; the SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifies full-thickness and restricts the target to neck skin only. The ICHI code does not have a child code that further specifies full-thickness graft to the neck alone, making this the closest available match.
266699008 (Functional electrical skeletal muscle stimulation procedures)maps to wider conceptMU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly, which encompasses functional electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it is a residual "not elsewhere classified" category and does not explicitly distinguish functional electrical stimulation (FES) from other muscle stimulation modalities, but it is the most precise available match.
172924008 (Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - anterior ethmoidectomy and frontal recess dissection)maps to wider conceptJAH.JJ.AD (Endoscopic ethmoidectomy)JAH.JJ.AD captures the primary and defining procedure component — endoscopic ethmoidectomy — of this FESS operation; however, the SNOMED concept is more specific, combining anterior ethmoidectomy with frontal recess dissection, a detail not represented in ICHI's single-code structure. The frontal recess dissection component (which could additionally map to JAG.FA.AD, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy) has no combined ICHI code, so the dominant ethmoid procedure is used.
172931007 (Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - postoperative division of adhesions)maps to wider conceptJAA.FC.AD (Endoscopic release of adhesions of nose)JAA.FC.AD is the closest ICHI code for endoscopic release of adhesions in the sinonasal region; no specific ICHI code exists for endoscopic release of adhesions within the sinuses or paranasal sinuses, so the nasal adhesiolysis code provides the best anatomical and procedural fit. The ICHI code is wider because it targets the nose rather than the sinus cavity specifically, and does not capture the postoperative context or the FESS setting.
172930008 (Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - postoperative removal of polyps under local anesthetic)maps to wider conceptJAE.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies a postoperative setting, polyps as the lesion type, and local anaesthetic as the means, whereas JAE.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of any lesion of the paranasal sinus without specifying the postoperative context or lesion type, making it broader. This is the closest available ICHI code capturing the endoscopic excision of a sinus lesion; the specific polyp tissue type and postoperative setting are not encoded in ICHI.
20074002 (Galeaplasty)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Galeaplasty is a surgical repair/reconstruction specifically of the galea aponeurotica, the fibromuscular layer of the scalp; ICHI has no code targeting the galea specifically, so LAA.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck) is used as the best available broader anatomical match.
86924002 (Gallium scan)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)A gallium scan is a radioisotope (nuclear medicine) imaging study, and PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope scan modality; the ICHI code is broader because it covers the whole body without specifying the gallium-67 tracer or any targeted organ/region that a clinical gallium scan may focus on.
236912008 (Gamete intrafallopian transfer)maps to wider conceptNMC.DH.AB (Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures)NMC.DH.AB directly describes reproductive transfer procedures performed at the fallopian tube, which aligns well with GIFT; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures (including, for example, zygote or embryo transfers) rather than specifically transferring unfertilised gametes as in GIFT.
176843009 (Gamete intrauterine transfer)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)The SNOMED concept specifies intrauterine transfer of gametes; the uterine reproductive transfer code covers the target site and transfer action, but ICHI's title is broader and does not distinguish gametes from other transferred reproductive material.
275844006 (Gamma globulin administration)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)Gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) is a blood-derived protein product; ICHI has no dedicated immunoglobulin infusion code, and the closest match is intravenous transfusion of blood or blood products, which is broader as it covers all blood products, not specifically immunoglobulin preparations.
287810009 (Gastric anastomosis revision)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)ICHI has a gastric anastomosis code but no dedicated revision or take-down/redo variant; the base gastric anastomosis code is the closest available match, though it does not capture the revision/redo nature of the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader in this instance.
118155006 (Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)No single assignable ICHI category covers all GI endoscopy; endoscopic codes are distributed across individual organ-level blocks (oesophagus, stomach, intestine, etc.). The parent block "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract" is the appropriate assignment for this broad SNOMED category concept, and is wider because it includes non-endoscopic interventions.
118153004 (Gastrointestinal tract repair)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)ICHI has organ-specific repair codes (e.g., KBF.MK.AA "Repair of stomach", KBA.MK.AA "Repair of oesophagus") but no single code covering repair of the gastrointestinal tract as a whole. The closest grouping is the block "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract," which is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies repair as the procedure type.
183217004 (Gastrostomy bag adjustment)maps to wider conceptPTA.SN.AC (Management of gastrostomy)ICHI has no code specifically for adjustment of a gastrostomy bag (an external appliance); the closest available code is PTA.SN.AC "Management of gastrostomy," which covers management of the gastrostomy as an artificial body opening and is broader than the specific bag-adjustment activity described in the SNOMED concept.
385810009 (Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube insertion assessment)maps to wider conceptPTA.AA.ZZ (Gastrostomy assessment)PTA.AA.ZZ "Gastrostomy assessment" covers the gastrostomy component of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no separate code for nasogastric tube assessment, making this a wider match that omits the nasogastric tube insertion assessment aspect entirely.
28040002 (General health panel)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is broader than a "health panel," which in clinical practice specifically refers to a defined set of laboratory tests ordered together; ICHI's code covers the overall assessment encounter rather than the specific act of ordering or performing a multi-test laboratory panel.
105388003 (General home assistance of patient)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)UCH.RG.ZZ covers the delivery of support services via personal care providers and personal assistants, which is the closest ICHI concept to home assistance; however, ICHI does not distinguish the home setting or the "general" nature of the assistance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
390816003 (General psychiatric care of adults of working age)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for psychiatric or mental health care as a service type; PZB.ZZ.ZZ (health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest generic encounter-level code, but it is considerably broader and does not capture the psychiatric domain or the working-age adult population qualifier.
391170007 (General psychiatric care of older adults - 1 to 2 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI lacks a psychiatric-specific care code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest available match for a clinical encounter, but it does not represent the psychiatric specialty, the older-adult population, or the contact frequency qualifier (1–2 contacts/week).
391171006 (General psychiatric care of older adults - 1 to 3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not encode psychiatry-specific care episodes or contact-frequency qualifiers; PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures only the generic health encounter dimension and is therefore substantially broader.
391146008 (General psychiatric care of older adults - 24 hour intensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)The "24-hour intensive" qualifier implies inpatient or crisis-level psychiatric monitoring, but ICHI has no code for intensive or inpatient psychiatric care; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the least-wrong generic option, though it lacks the psychiatric, intensity, and older-adult dimensions of the SNOMED concept.
391149001 (General psychiatric care of older adults - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no code for inpatient/24-hour non-intensive psychiatric care of older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures the general health management encounter at the whole-person level but is broader, as it does not specify the psychiatric specialty, 24-hour setting, non-intensive intensity, or older-adult population.
391153004 (General psychiatric care of older adults - 3 to 5 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)This concept describes an ambulatory/community psychiatric service at a specific contact frequency (3–5 times per week) for older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept for an undifferentiated health management encounter but is considerably broader, lacking any specification of contact frequency, psychiatric specialty, or patient age group.
391172004 (General psychiatric care of older adults - <1 contact/month)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)This SNOMED concept denotes very low-intensity (less than monthly) psychiatric follow-up for older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the best available ICHI approximation for a general health encounter but is far broader, encoding none of the defining attributes (contact frequency, psychiatric specialty, or geriatric population).
391152009 (General psychiatric care of older adults - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)Daily intensive psychiatric care of older adults implies a high-contact, intensive-level psychiatric service; ICHI does not encode intensity levels or specialty-specific encounter types, so PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents the closest generic whole-person health management encounter, but remains substantially broader.
391150001 (General psychiatric care of older adults - Full day : day care)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)This concept describes a psychiatric day-care (partial hospitalisation) programme for older adults; ICHI has no dedicated day-hospital or partial-hospitalisation psychiatric code, so PZB.ZZ.ZZ (health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest approximation, though it does not capture the day-care setting, psychiatric specialty, or older-adult focus.
788339009 (Genetic consultation)maps to wider conceptPYA.PP.ZZ (Genetic counselling)PYA.PP.ZZ is the only assignable ICHI code in the "Interventions on genome" block and it maps to counselling specifically; a consultation is a broader event that may or may not include counselling, so PYA.PP.ZZ is the closest available match — a genetic counselling code being used to represent the broader genetic consultation concept.
423039003 (Genetics education, guidance, counseling)maps to wider conceptPYA.PP.ZZ (Genetic counselling)PYA.PP.ZZ covers the counselling component of this SNOMED concept well, but the SNOMED term explicitly encompasses education and guidance in addition to counselling, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in action scope — however from ICHI's perspective the code is the only genetic intervention available and is broader in that it does not specify the education/guidance sub-types, making it wider relative to the full SNOMED intent.
33697008 (Geriatric counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no age-specific (geriatric) counselling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest match as a whole-person counselling intervention not elsewhere classified, but it is broader because it applies to any patient population and does not capture the geriatric specificity of the SNOMED concept.
173342001 (Gingiva operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category grouping all gingival operations rather than a specific procedure, so no single ICHI leaf code is an appropriate match; the ICHI block BlockL5-KAG ("Interventions on gum") covers the full range of gingival procedures including biopsy, excision, repair, destruction, and gingivoplasty, making it the best structural equivalent as a block-level assignment.
431815008 (Giving clear oral fluid)maps to wider conceptSMG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with drinking)"Practical support with drinking" is the closest ICHI code for the act of giving a patient oral fluid, as it covers assistance with the activity of drinking. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a clinical act of administering clear oral fluid (e.g., as a pre/post-procedural instruction), rather than rehabilitative support with the drinking activity.
439114007 (Giving cool drink)maps to wider conceptSMG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with drinking)This concept describes a clinical nursing act of providing a cool drink to a patient; "practical support with drinking" is the nearest available ICHI category but is broader, encompassing all forms of assistance with the drinking activity rather than the specific act of providing a cool beverage.
427546003 (Glue closure of skin wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to adhesive/glue wound closure; "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC" covers wound repair broadly regardless of technique (suture, staple, glue), so the ICHI code is wider than the glue-specific SNOMED concept. The NEC variant is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify a body region.
425942005 (Gluing of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)ICHI does not encode the specific technique of adhesive/glue application to the cornea; "Repair of cornea" is the closest code and encompasses all corneal repair methods including gluing, making it broader than the glue-specific SNOMED concept.
5456004 (Graft of lymphatic structure)maps to wider conceptDFO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel)DFO.ML.AA covers reconstruction/grafting of lymphatic vessels specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to lymphatic structures broadly (including nodes and other structures); the ML (reconstruction/graft) action aligns well, but the ICHI target is narrower to vessels only, making the SNOMED concept broader than this code.
234911004 (Graft of mucosa to mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.ML.AA captures reconstruction (including grafting, ML action) of the oral cavity (KAZ target) and is the best available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying mucosa as the graft material and mouth as the recipient site, while the ICHI code is broader, covering any oral cavity reconstruction not classified elsewhere.
234910003 (Graft of skin to mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.ML.AA (reconstruction of oral cavity, NEC) is the best ICHI match for a skin graft to the mouth, as the oral cavity is the target and ML denotes reconstruction/graft; LAA.ML.AA (skin graft to head or neck) is less precise anatomically, and KAZ.ML.AA subsumes the broader set of oral reconstructions including skin grafts.
287387009 (Graft to nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI's "Reconstruction of nose" (ML = reconstruction/graft action on nose target) covers the concept of grafting to the nose, but it is broader in that it encompasses all reconstructive approaches to the nose, not only graft procedures specifically.
287744008 (Graft to ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter)"Reconstruction of ureter" captures the surgical repair or augmentation of the ureter using a graft, but the ICHI code covers all reconstructive techniques (not exclusively grafts), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
23235002 (Grafting of auricle of ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)"Reconstruction of auricle of ear" in ICHI targets the identical anatomical site (auricle) with a reconstruction/graft action (ML axis), making it the closest match; it is wider because it encompasses all reconstructive methods for the auricle beyond grafting alone.
26113008 (Grafting of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)"Reconstruction of breast" maps precisely to the breast target with ML (reconstruction/graft) action and is the best available ICHI code; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because breast reconstruction in ICHI is not limited to grafting techniques specifically.
442235000 (Grafting of corneal patch to eye)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)Keratoplasty (BBB.ML.AA) is the standard ICHI code for corneal grafting/transplantation procedures and covers the concept of applying a corneal patch graft. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of keratoplasty (penetrating, lamellar, DSEK, etc.), whereas SNOMED specifies the more limited "patch graft" technique.
350515003 (Grafting of external auditory meatus of ear)maps to wider conceptCAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external auditory canal)CAE.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external auditory canal (which includes the meatus), and a graft is one technique used to achieve that reconstruction. The ICHI code is wider because "reconstruction" encompasses a range of techniques beyond grafting specifically, but it is the best available match for this anatomical target and operative intent.
58385009 (Grafting of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.ML.AA (Salpingoplasty)Salpingoplasty (NMC.ML.AA) is the ICHI code for reconstruction/plastic repair of the fallopian tube, which is the operative category that encompasses fallopian tube grafting. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because salpingoplasty includes reconstructive techniques beyond grafting alone (e.g., patch repair without graft, tuboplasty), but it is a better fit than the generic NMC.MK.AA "Repair of fallopian tube."
439574007 (Grafting of full thickness free graft to trunk with direct closure of donor site)maps to wider conceptLAB.ML.AA (Skin graft to trunk)LAB.ML.AA covers all skin grafting to the trunk but does not distinguish full-thickness free grafts from other graft types or capture the direct closure of the donor site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The extension code XG2SS9 (Full thickness skin graft, autograft) could be appended to refine the graft type, but the base code is still wider.
699575002 (Grafting of hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI does not have a hand-specific skin graft code; the most specific available code covers the entire upper limb, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the hand as the target site.
1290261002 (Grafting of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)JAN.ML.AA covers laryngeal reconstruction broadly, which encompasses grafting as one technique, but the ICHI code does not specifically denote grafting and would also include non-graft reconstructive approaches, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
86947001 (Grafting of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)KAA.ML.AA covers lip reconstruction broadly (including flaps, local tissue rearrangements, and grafts), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes grafting as the technique; the ICHI code is thus wider than the SNOMED concept.
9790003 (Grafting of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of penis)NGM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of penis) is the closest ICHI code — the ML action axis covers reconstruction/grafting procedures — and no more specific graft code exists for the penis. The ICHI code is broader because "reconstruction" encompasses many techniques beyond grafting specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
234687006 (Grafting of periodontal bone defect)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI has bone graft codes for named skeletal sites (spine, femur, mandible, etc.) but none specific to the alveolar/periodontal region; the periodontal gum block (KAG) has no bone graft code. MRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site) is the best available match, being broader because it does not specify the periodontal/alveolar target site.
1335739008 (Grafting of tissue to nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ML.AA (Nerve graft, not elsewhere classified)AZZ.ML.AA covers nerve grafts not classified elsewhere under the broader "Interventions on nervous system, not elsewhere classified" block, making it a reasonable fit for the generic SNOMED concept of grafting tissue to the nervous system; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it could encompass grafts at any unspecified neural site.
1354617003 (Grafting of tissue to pharynx)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)ICHI separates the pharynx into nasopharynx (JAM) and oral pharynx (KAR), so neither code covers the full anatomical scope of the unqualified SNOMED "pharynx"; KAR.ML.AA is the closest clinical match, but the ICHI code's action (reconstruction, ML axis) is also broader than a graft specifically, making this a wider mapping.
1354616007 (Grafting of tissue to rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum)KBW.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for a tissue-grafting procedure on the rectum, but the ICHI action axis ML (reconstruction) is broader than grafting specifically — it encompasses any reconstructive technique on the rectum, not exclusively grafting.
1354615006 (Grafting of tissue to stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)KBF.ML.AA covers reconstructive procedures on the stomach including grafting, but the ML action axis is broader than tissue grafting alone, encompassing all forms of reconstruction; no more specific graft-only code exists for the stomach in ICHI.
1332317000 (Grafting of tissue to tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tongue)KAB.ML.AC covers reconstructive procedures on the tongue and is the closest ICHI match, but the ML action axis is broader than tissue grafting specifically, encompassing all reconstructive approaches to the tongue rather than graft procedures exclusively.
68431006 (Grafting of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)JBA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the trachea, which encompasses grafting as one technique within that broader category; ICHI does not distinguish a specific tracheal graft code separate from reconstruction.
17127005 (Grafting of vein with patch)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for vein patch grafting; IZE.ML.AA (reconstruction of blood vessel NEC) is the closest residual category, but it is broader as it applies to any blood vessel by any reconstructive technique.
438580006 (Grafting to aorta)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIF (Intervention on ascending aorta)ICHI does not have a single unifying "grafting to aorta" code; the aorta is divided into ascending, thoracic descending, abdominal, aortic arch, and aortic root sections, each with its own reconstruction code. The parent block is assigned as the best available anchor for an unspecified aortic segment.
438581005 (Grafting to great vessel of thorax)maps to wider conceptIDA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of thorax)"Great vessels of the thorax" includes aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, SVC, and IVC; IDA.ML.AA (reconstruction of artery of thorax) is the closest single code for the arterial great vessels, but excludes venous great vessels and aortic-specific codes.
304040003 (Grafting to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)"Grafting to skin" is generic regardless of body site; LZZ.ML.AA is the residual NEC category that captures ungrouped skin grafts. ICHI has site-specific codes (LAA, LAB, LAE, LAG) so the NEC code is the best fit for the unspecified concept.
410295000 (Growth/development education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptETM.PM.ZZ (Education about growth and development)The SNOMED concept covers education, guidance, and counselling together, whereas ETM.PM.ZZ covers only the education component. The SNOMED concept is broader than what ICHI captures in this single code.
1255164005 (Halal diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Halal diet is a specific religiously prescribed dietary regimen, while UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) covers any modification to food content or type; the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the religious/cultural specificity.
30081003 (Hallux valgus correction with sesamoidectomy and tendon graft)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MOB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe)The SNOMED concept describes a multi-component procedure combining osteotomy, sesamoid excision, and tendon grafting at the first MTP joint; no single ICHI category captures this combination, so the encompassing block for foot/toe musculoskeletal structures is the best available representation.
119658000 (Hand destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)ICHI does not have a generic "destruction of hand" category; the hand musculoskeletal interventions block (MGB) is the broadest applicable grouping, though it is wider since it includes all intervention types on hand structures, not just destructive ones.
228540009 (Hand therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)ICHI has no dedicated "hand therapy" code; the discipline encompasses rehabilitation of hand musculoskeletal structures, falling under the hand musculoskeletal interventions block. Function-level rehabilitation codes capture only one component each, so the block is the closest single representation.
408934002 (Harmful pattern of substance use prevention assessment)maps to wider conceptVA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.AA.ZZ covers assessment across all unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours, encompassing the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to harmful patterns or to a prevention context.
180831006 (Harvest of bone from skull)maps to wider conceptMRB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft)ICHI has no skull-specific bone procurement code — the skull block (MAA) lacks a JH (procurement) action. MRB.JH.AA covers bone harvest for graft at an unspecified skeletal site, making it broader than the skull-specific concept.
1202033006 (Harvest of flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no generic "harvest of flap" category across all tissue types; this residual code specifies skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than any unspecified flap type, yet is the most general flap-harvest code available.
180793002 (Harvest of flap of muscle of trunk)maps to wider conceptMRM.JH.AA (Procurement of muscle of unspecified site for graft)ICHI has no trunk-specific muscle procurement code. MRM.JH.AA covers muscle procurement for graft at an unspecified site, capturing the procedure type correctly but losing the trunk-specific and flap-specific detail.
180755007 (Harvest of sheet of fascia from pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptMRS.JH.AA (Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft)ICHI has no fascia procurement code specific to the thoracic or pleural region; MRS.JH.AA captures the procedure type (procurement of fascia for graft) correctly but does not encode the pleural cavity origin.
386320004 (Health system guidance)maps to wider conceptUEP.PN.ZZ (Advising about health services, systems and policies)UEP.PN.ZZ covers advising about the full scope of health services, systems and policies, broader than "guidance" alone, but is the best-fitting ICHI code for a guidance-type action targeting the health system.
110462006 (Health technology assessment procedure)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specific code for health technology assessment as a distinct procedure; UEP.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, targeting the health services/systems environment with an assessment action, but is broader and not specific to evaluating technologies.
281656009 (Hearing aid provision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-CT2 (Interventions on ear functions)ICHI has no specific code for supplying or fitting an external hearing aid device; the closest fit is the block "Interventions on ear functions," broader than the specific act of providing/fitting a hearing aid. Cochlear implant codes apply only to surgically implanted devices.
108250004 (Hearing therapy AND/OR auditory rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-CTB (Interventions on hearing functions)ICHI's block groups education (CTB.PM.ZZ), advising (CTB.PN.ZZ), and assessment codes for hearing, but contains no single code that captures the full scope of hearing therapy or auditory rehabilitation as a combined intervention.
34068001 (Heart valve replacement)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI encodes valve replacement at the level of individual valves (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid) but has no single unspecified "heart valve replacement" code; the parent block covers all heart valve interventions and is the appropriate wider match for this valve-agnostic concept.
33468001 (Hematology procedure)maps to wider conceptDZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified)"Hematology procedure" is a vague umbrella for any clinical act in haematology; the closest ICHI equivalent is the unspecified residual category for the haematopoietic/lymphatic system, broader than any specific haematological act but representing the same domain.
395059005 (Hemoglobinopathy screening test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI has no dedicated code for hemoglobinopathy/sickle-cell screening; "Test of functions of the haematological system" covers haemoglobin electrophoresis or HPLC used in such screening, but is broader than this specific disease-group test.
425732004 (Hemorrhagic fever virus serology screening test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)Viral serology against hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Dengue, Lassa) is an immunological assay; ICHI's "Test of functions of the immunological system" is the closest assignable code, broader than this specific viral serology context.
40093005 (Hepatitis A virus measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no specific code for Hepatitis A virus serology or antigen/antibody measurement; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable procedural code, considerably broader than a targeted Hepatitis A assay. The essential laboratory tests block covers Hepatitis B and C markers but not Hepatitis A.
698604002 (Hepatitis B outbreak education)maps to wider conceptDTB.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the immunological system)No ICHI code exists for disease-specific outbreak education; DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about immunity and infectious disease function, broader than education specifically targeting a Hepatitis B outbreak context.
50465008 (Hernia repair)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no single generic "hernia repair" code; only type-specific repairs (inguinal/femoral/umbilical) plus the generic "Repair of abdominal wall." The SNOMED concept is broad and unspecified, so the closest fallback is unspecified abdominal wall repair, wider as it does not constrain to hernia.
243155002 (High frequency oscillatory ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI has only one assignable code for artificial/mechanical ventilation with no sub-types distinguishing oscillatory, pressure-controlled, or volume-controlled modes; broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes HFOV.
243153009 (High frequency positive pressure ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI does not differentiate ventilatory modes — JTB.DE.AC covers all forms of artificial ventilation and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept of high frequency positive pressure ventilation specifically.
446447006 (High ligation of hydrocele)maps to wider conceptNGL.LA.AE (Ligation of patent processus vaginalis)NGL.LA.AE is the closest match — hydrocele "high ligation" targets the patent processus vaginalis at the internal inguinal ring, which is precisely what this code describes; ICHI is slightly wider as it does not specify "high" ligation as distinct from other levels.
177131001 (Hindwater rupture of amniotic membrane)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)ICHI has no specific code for artificial rupture of membranes (amniotomy); NMM.FA.AC is the closest concept within the amnion/placenta block, as hindwater amniotomy is performed to induce labour, but is broader as it encompasses all surgical induction methods.
73470004 (Hinging of mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)"Hinging" is a specific annuloplasty/leaflet-mobilisation repair technique on the mitral valve; HDF.MK.AA covers all open repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus, broader than this specific technique but the best available category in ICHI.
1303662001 (Hip joint denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Hip joint denervation surgically destroys/ablates the articular nerve branches supplying the hip joint, which maps best to ACA.GA.AA; wider because it is not specific to hip articular branches — ICHI has no joint-level or hip-specific nerve destruction code.
714797009 (Histologic test)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 is the closest ICHI match (an extension code under "Essential laboratory tests"); it covers histopathological examination of tissue (disease-focused), broader than "histologic test" — histology encompasses both normal and pathological tissue, whereas histopathology specifically implies disease analysis.
63332003 (History AND physical examination)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specifically combining history-taking with physical examination as a composite procedure; "General health assessment" is the closest match under "Interventions on whole person," broader in scope than the specific paired SNOMED concept.
207195004 (History and physical examination with evaluation and management of nursing facility patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not capture the setting-specific detail (nursing facility) or the combined history/physical/management encounter; "General health assessment" is the broadest relevant match, considerably broader than this administratively detailed SNOMED concept.
209099002 (History and physical examination with management of domiciliary or rest home patient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not encode care setting (domiciliary/rest home) or combined history-physical-management encounters; "General health assessment" is the nearest available code, substantially broader than this setting-specific concept.
84100007 (History taking)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)PZB.AN.ZZ covers an interview directed at the whole person — the closest ICHI equivalent to clinical history taking — but is broader, encompassing any type of interview rather than specifically the structured elicitation of medical history.
704126008 (Home visit for anticoagulant drug monitoring)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)DTA.AC.ZZ captures the functional test of the haematological system (which includes coagulation testing such as INR/PT) but does not specify anticoagulant drug monitoring or the home visit setting; broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than specifically drug-related coagulation monitoring.
439058005 (Home visit for care and maintenance of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC covers ongoing management of an internal device (such as an indwelling urinary catheter) for the urinary bladder, which aligns well with catheter care/maintenance, but does not encode the home visit setting and is broader than catheter-specific maintenance.
441244001 (Home visit for cystostomy care and maintenance)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)A cystostomy tube (suprapubic catheter) is an internal device of the urinary bladder, so NAI.SN.AC is the best available match; however, it does not encode suprapubic/cystostomy tube type or the home visit setting, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
440696002 (Home visit for intramuscular injection)maps to wider conceptMRM.DB.AE (Injection into muscle of unspecified site)MRM.DB.AE covers injection into muscle at an unspecified site, matching the IM injection procedure but not capturing the home visit delivery context; broader as it applies regardless of care setting.
440611006 (Home visit for marriage counseling)maps to wider conceptSSM.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in intimate relationships)SSM.PP.ZZ is the closest match — it covers counselling targeted at intimate partnerships — but the target is "intimate relationships" broadly rather than marriage specifically, and the home visit setting is not captured.
439887005 (Home visit for mechanical ventilation care)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC represents artificial/mechanical ventilation as a respiratory function intervention; aligns with the core clinical act but does not differentiate home-based ongoing ventilation management from acute hospital initiation, nor capture the care-management dimension.
440068009 (Home visit for newborn care and assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)No ICHI code specifically covers newborn or neonatal care/assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the newborn population, the home visit setting, and encompasses care beyond assessment.
410296004 (Homemaking education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptSO2.PM.ZZ (Education about carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified)SO2.PM.ZZ covers education about household tasks but the SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling, which ICHI separates into distinct codes (PM/PN/PP); no single ICHI code spans all three actions simultaneously.
771647002 (Hook wire localization and excision of lesion of breast using radionuclide guidance with radioactive isotope)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)LCA.JI.AA matches the core surgical act — local excision of a breast lesion — but is broader because it does not encode the wire/radionuclide localisation technique or radioactive isotope guidance; no single ICHI code captures the full combined procedure.
176455008 (Diagnostic aspiration of hydrocele)maps to wider conceptNGL.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of testes)A hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis, and NGL.JB.AE is the only ICHI code that covers percutaneous aspiration of the testicular region; however, it targets the testis broadly rather than the hydrocele sac specifically, and does not encode the diagnostic qualifier, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
274391001 (Diagnostic aspiration of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of a joint at an unspecified anatomical site, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish drainage for diagnostic purposes from therapeutic drainage, making it broader in scope.
274385003 (Diagnostic aspiration of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)NAA.JB.AE correctly captures percutaneous drainage/aspiration of the kidney as an anatomical target and approach, but ICHI does not encode the diagnostic intent — the code applies equally to therapeutic drainage — making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
298111005 (Diagnostic aspiration of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)KCA.JB.AE correctly captures the anatomical target (liver) and percutaneous approach used in diagnostic aspiration, but ICHI does not differentiate diagnostic from therapeutic drainage, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
428769000 (Diagnostic aspiration of orbit proper)maps to wider conceptBAM.JB.AA (Aspiration of orbit)ICHI codes aspiration of the orbit but does not specify the diagnostic purpose, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly diagnostic. The anatomical target (orbit proper vs. orbit) is effectively equivalent.
178016006 (Diagnostic aspiration of peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.AH.XE (Specimen collection of peritoneal fluid)Diagnostic aspiration of the peritoneal cavity (diagnostic paracentesis) is functionally equivalent to specimen collection of peritoneal fluid, as both describe obtaining fluid for diagnostic purposes; ICHI frames it as specimen collection rather than aspiration, making it slightly broader in procedural scope.
174769006 (Diagnostic percutaneous aspiration of lesion of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of pancreas)ICHI codes the percutaneous biopsy of pancreas (KCO.AD.AE) as the closest match; in ICHI the action axis "AD" covers biopsy/specimen-taking which encompasses aspiration for diagnostic purposes. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not specify that the target is a lesion (versus general pancreatic tissue), making the ICHI concept wider than the SNOMED concept.
165170005 (Diagnostic psychology)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)"Diagnostic psychology" as a SNOMED concept refers to the broad application of psychological methods for assessment and diagnosis of mental conditions; the best ICHI match is AS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified), which captures the assessment/diagnostic intent applied to mental functions. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any assessment of mental functions without specifying the psychological/clinical-psychology discipline or diagnostic purpose specifically.
275811000 (Diaphragm fit)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting a contraceptive diaphragm; the closest available code covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific act of fitting a contraceptive diaphragm. No contraceptive-device-specific fitting code exists in ICHI for this procedure.
90243001 (Diathermy of lesion of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina by any modality and at any site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies destruction specifically of a retinal lesion using diathermy (electrical current); the ICHI code is therefore broader in both target scope and means. BCC.GA.BA (destruction by radiotherapy) is the only means-differentiated sibling, confirming that diathermy-specific destruction maps to the general BCC.GA.AA.
236836008 (Diathermy of lesion of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva by any method, while the SNOMED concept is specifically destruction of a vulval lesion using diathermy; no means-specific or lesion-specific destruction code exists for the vulva in ICHI, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
301876002 (Diathermy of wart)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Diathermy of a wart is a destruction of a skin lesion, but ICHI has no wart-specific code; LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site (NEC), which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it does not specify the lesion type (wart) or body site, and the means axis (AH = without incision/non-incisional) is consistent with diathermy/electrocoagulation.
435691000124100 (Diet modified for specific foods or ingredients)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)"Diet modified for specific foods or ingredients" describes a therapeutic dietary specification (e.g., allergen elimination, gluten-free), which aligns most closely with ICHI's "Food modification" under the environment/products-and-technology chapter; however, UAB.DA.ZZ is broader as it covers any food modification without specifying the clinical context of targeting specific foods or ingredients.
410173005 (Dietary regime assessment)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)"Dietary regime assessment" is an evaluation of what a patient eats/their dietary pattern, which maps to assessment of eating behaviours in ICHI; the ICHI code is wider because it covers the full scope of eating behaviours (not only a formal dietary regime), and it sits within the public health/behavioural chapter rather than a clinical patient assessment context.
167197004 (Digestive function tests)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which encompasses functional testing of the digestive system. The ICHI code is wider because it includes any form of assessment (clinical, investigative, functional), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diagnostic testing of digestive function.
426302001 (Digital fasciectomy)maps to wider conceptMGL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.JJ.AA covers excision of fascia (and ligament) of hand or finger, which anatomically encompasses the finger (digit), making it the best available match for digital fasciectomy (Dupuytren's contracture excision of palmar/digital fascia). The ICHI code is wider as it also includes ligament excision and the full hand, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies fasciectomy of the finger/digit only.
1268994001 (Digital tomosynthesis guided insertion of infrared reflector localization marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous (image-guided) insertion of a device into the breast, which aligns with the procedure class, but it does not capture the tomosynthesis imaging guidance specifically nor the infrared reflector localization marker device type. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses any percutaneous device insertion into the breast regardless of guidance modality or device.
13091001 (Dilation and curettage)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)NME.JE.AC is the dedicated ICHI code for dilatation and curettage of the uterus, which precisely matches the clinical procedure denoted by the SNOMED concept (D&C is a gynecologic procedure of the uterus). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies the uterus as the site while the SNOMED term is anatomically unqualified, though in standard clinical usage D&C is universally understood as uterine.
235571007 (Dilation of anastomosis of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LH.AA (Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct)ICHI covers dilatation of the biliary duct in general, without distinguishing between a native duct stricture and an anastomotic stricture; the code also presupposes device insertion, whereas the SNOMED concept leaves the technique unspecified. KCM.LH.AA is the only assignable dilatation category for bile duct without a specific approach qualifier, making it the closest available match despite being broader.
13171005 (Dilation of cardiac sphincter of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AC (Dilatation of oesophagus)The cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter/cardia) is the functionally distinct target in this SNOMED concept — most commonly dilated for achalasia — but ICHI codes the entire oesophagus as the target without a sub-site for the LES or cardia. KBA.LG.AC is the only unspecified-approach oesophageal dilatation category available, and no KBE (gastroesophageal junction) dilatation code exists, making it the best but anatomically broader match.
274973002 (Dilation of cervix uteri and curettage for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)NME.JE.AC captures the D&C procedure on the uterus precisely, but ICHI does not specify the clinical indication (termination of pregnancy) within this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to termination of pregnancy. The procedural mechanics are an exact match.
176827002 (Dilation of cervix uteri and vacuum aspiration of products of conception from uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)NME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus) directly corresponds to the vacuum/suction aspiration technique applied to the uterus, which is the standard surgical method for early termination of pregnancy. ICHI does not encode the indication (products of conception / termination) or the cervical dilation component explicitly, so the code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
193289008 (Dilation of pancreatic sphincter)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AA (Dilatation of sphincter of Oddi)KCM.LG.AA codes dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi, which encompasses both the biliary and pancreatic components of that sphincter complex. The SNOMED concept refers specifically to the pancreatic sphincter (sphincter of the pancreatic duct), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
448033008 (Dilation of tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of trachea)ICHI has no code specific to dilation of an existing tracheostomy stoma. JBA.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the trachea broadly, which is the anatomical site but does not specifically target the tracheostomy opening; the tracheostomy management block (PTC) contains no dilatation code at all, making this the closest available match.
712639003 (Hook wire localization of lesion of breast using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)Hook wire localization is a percutaneous procedure in which a localization wire (device) is inserted into the breast under imaging guidance, fitting within LCA.DL.AE. However, ICHI does not capture the specific device type (hook wire vs. other markers) or the imaging guidance qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
385763009 (Hospice care)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no dedicated palliative or hospice care code; UEP.RG.ZZ is the broadest applicable category for the organised delivery of a specialised care service, but it encompasses all health service provision, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept of hospice care.
182657004 (Hot baths - therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)PZA.ZZ.BS covers therapeutic full-body immersion hydrotherapy, which encompasses hot baths used for therapy; however, it is broader because it does not specify the temperature (hot) of the water, applying to any immersion hydrotherapy regardless of thermal character.
229575003 (Hot rocks treatment)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Hot rocks treatment is a specific superficial heat application using heated stones placed on body areas, which falls under peripheral body warming in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any technique for warming peripheral body temperature, not specifically the hot stone modality.
229576002 (Hot towels treatment)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Hot towels treatment is a superficial moist heat application to peripheral body areas, which falls within the ICHI concept of peripheral body warming. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all peripheral warming techniques and does not distinguish towel application as a specific modality.
385745009 (Hydration status regulation assessment)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Hydration status assessment maps well to the assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function, as hydration directly reflects body water and electrolyte homeostasis. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also encompasses mineral and electrolyte balance beyond hydration status alone.
46903006 (Hydrotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)ICHI has three separate hydrotherapy codes (full immersion, partial upper limb, partial lower limb), whereas the SNOMED concept "Hydrotherapy" is unspecified as to body part or extent of immersion. PZA.ZZ.BS is selected as the most general (whole-body) form available as a single assignable code.
361227009 (Hymenoptera hyposensitization therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)ICHI has no code specific to allergen/venom immunotherapy or Hymenoptera hyposensitization; the closest structural match is DTB.DB.AE, which captures the predominant route and mechanism of allergen immunotherapy. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any percutaneous immunological agent administration.
401118009 (Hypertension annual review)maps to wider conceptITA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood pressure functions)ICHI has no concept of a structured annual disease review; the closest functional match is ITA.AA.ZZ, which captures the core clinical act within a hypertension review. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any single assessment of blood pressure function, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a scheduled comprehensive annual management review.
236898007 (Hysteroscopic endometrial laser ablation)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AD (Endometrial ablation)NME.GA.AD covers hysteroscopic endometrial ablation (the AD means encodes the hysteroscopic approach), but it does not specify the laser modality specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which names laser as the precise means.
64562004 (Hysterotrachelorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptNMF.MK.AC (Other repair of cervix)Hysterotrachelorrhaphy is surgical suture repair of a lacerated cervix uteri (trachelorrhaphy = cervix repair), which maps well to NMF.MK.AC; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it is a residual/catch-all repair-of-cervix category rather than naming the specific suture technique.
391513009 (ICT malaria screening test)maps to wider conceptXG5VR9 (Plasmodium spp. Antigens)ICT (immunochromatographic test) for malaria is an antigen-detection rapid diagnostic test targeting Plasmodium antigens, which aligns with XG5VR9 in the ICHI essential laboratory tests block; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any Plasmodium antigen test rather than specifically the immunochromatographic lateral-flow format.
440687002 (Identification of oocyte in follicular fluid)maps to wider conceptNMA.JH.AC (Transvaginal oocyte retrieval)ICHI does not have a code for the laboratory identification/confirmation step of finding an oocyte in follicular fluid; the closest concept is transvaginal oocyte retrieval, which is the broader procedural context within which oocyte identification occurs.
440688007 (Identification of spermatozoa from specimen obtained by aspiration)maps to wider conceptNGD.JH.AE (Percutaneous sperm procurement)Percutaneous sperm procurement captures the aspiration method used to obtain the specimen, but ICHI does not have a distinct code for the subsequent laboratory identification of spermatozoa from that specimen; the SNOMED concept focuses on the identification step, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
359607004 (Ileopexy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LC.AA (Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Ileopexy (surgical fixation of the ileum) maps well to fixation of the small intestine; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers all small intestinal fixation procedures, not specifically the ileum, but it is the most precise available code.
183212005 (Ileostomy bag adjustment)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)Management of enterostomy is the most appropriate ICHI code for ileostomy bag adjustment, as it covers ongoing management of an artificial bowel opening; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all enterostomy types and management activities beyond bag adjustment specifically.
178006003 (Image controlled percutaneous drainage of pelvic abscess)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)KMA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity broadly, which encompasses pelvic collections/abscesses, but it is not limited to the pelvic region and does not encode the image-guidance aspect. ICHI has no dedicated code for image-guided percutaneous drainage of a pelvic abscess specifically.
429401008 (Image guided balloon dilation of colorectal stricture)maps to wider conceptKBZ.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes endoscopic dilatation of specific colorectal segments (colon, sigmoid, rectum) but none of these individually cover the full colorectal extent; KBZ.LG.AD as the large intestine NEC residual is the broadest available match, though it does not capture image guidance or balloon technique specifically.
16631961000119101 (Image guided endovascular insertion of inferior vena cava filter)maps to wider conceptHIC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava)HIC.DL.AF maps the percutaneous transluminal (endovascular) insertion of a device into the IVC, which is the correct target, action, and approach. The code does not distinguish the specific device type (filter) nor image guidance, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
1263754008 (Image guided percutaneous gastrostomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AJ (Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device in stomach)KBF.DL.AJ captures percutaneous endoscopic insertion of a device into the stomach, which best represents a percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement. Image-guided (radiological/fluoroscopic) gastrostomy is not separately encoded in ICHI; the code implies endoscopic rather than purely image-guided guidance.
1366137004 (Imaging guided percutaneous cryoablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE correctly captures the target (kidney), action (destruction of lesion or tissue), and approach (percutaneous), but the means axis does not differentiate cryoablation from other destructive modalities such as radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1196997006 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of ankle joint)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint)MNJ.JB.AE matches exactly on target (ankle joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous), but the means axis does not encode imaging guidance, so the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any percutaneous ankle drainage regardless of whether imaging was used to guide the needle.
1196994004 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of elbow joint)maps to wider conceptMEJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of elbow joint)MEJ.JB.AE captures the target (elbow joint), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous) exactly, but does not encode the imaging guidance component. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that imaging is used to guide the procedure.
708609009 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of finger joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of finger or hand joint)MGJ.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the finger or hand joint but is broader in two ways: it groups finger and hand joints together rather than isolating the finger joint specifically, and it does not encode the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept.
708610004 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of hip joint)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of hip joint)MLJ.JB.AE matches the target (hip joint), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous) precisely, but does not capture the imaging guidance specified by the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
708611000 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of knee joint)MMJ.JB.AE correctly represents percutaneous drainage of the knee joint but lacks the imaging guidance qualifier present in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is semantically broader.
1255426000 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)KCA.JB.AE precisely matches the target (liver), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous), but ICHI does not encode the imaging guidance component within this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
708812005 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung)ICHI uses "Puncture of lung" (action JB = drainage/puncture, means AE = percutaneous) as the only percutaneous lung drainage code, but the title "Puncture" is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes drainage with imaging guidance. The imaging guidance component and the explicit drainage intent are not captured in the ICHI title.
708682003 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pelvic cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)ICHI has no dedicated pelvic cavity drainage code; the pelvic cavity is anatomically a subdivision of the abdominopelvic/peritoneal cavity, so KMA.JB.AE is the best available match, but it covers the broader peritoneal cavity rather than the pelvis specifically and does not capture imaging guidance.
1196996002 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint)ICHI captures the target (shoulder joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous) precisely, but does not encode the imaging guidance component — the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code.
1196995003 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of wrist joint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of wrist joint)ICHI matches on target (wrist joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous), but the imaging guidance specified in the SNOMED concept is not represented in the ICHI code, making ICHI broader.
1338008002 (Imaging guided percutaneous insertion of indwelling tunneled catheter with cuff into pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AE is the closest available ICHI code — it captures the pleural cavity target and percutaneous approach, but does not encode the specifics of an indwelling tunneled cuffed catheter (as opposed to simple drainage) or the imaging guidance, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
1367624009 (Imaging guided percutaneous insertion of nephrostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AE (Percutaneous nephrostomy)NAA.LI.AE matches well on the procedure type (nephrostomy) and approach (percutaneous), but ICHI does not encode the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept, making it broader.
1256090000 (Imaging guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AE correctly captures percutaneous destruction of liver tissue and is the best available ICHI match, but it is considerably broader — it does not encode the specific technique (irreversible electroporation), the imaging guidance, or the restriction to neoplasm as the target tissue type.
427158008 (Imaging guided percutaneous occlusion of colorectal fistula)maps to wider conceptKBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon)ICHI has no specific code for percutaneous image-guided occlusion of a colorectal fistula; the colon repair code (KBP.MK.AA) is the broadest applicable code that encompasses fistula closure in the colon, but it is wider in that it covers all colon repairs, is open-approach by default, and does not address the rectum component of "colorectal." No ICHI code exists for percutaneous fistula occlusion of the colon or rectum.
418285008 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of blood vessel with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI organises percutaneous transluminal dilatation (its term for angioplasty) by specific vessel; IZA.LG.AF is the closest generic NEC code for an unspecified artery, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept in that it does not capture the imaging guidance with contrast medium, and it is restricted to arteries rather than any blood vessel (vein codes exist separately as IZD.LG.AF).
426775000 (Imaging guided removal of colorectal stent)maps to wider conceptKBP.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon)KBP.JD.AA covers removal of internal devices (which includes stents) from the colon and is the best ICHI match; it is wider because it encompasses all internal devices (not just stents), uses an open approach by default rather than image-guided percutaneous, and covers only the colon rather than the combined colorectal (colon + rectum) territory of the SNOMED concept.
277586005 (Imaging guided removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptPZX.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body or device, not elsewhere classified)PZX.JD.AE is the only site-nonspecific percutaneous foreign body removal code in ICHI, sitting under the "any site, not elsewhere classified" block, making it the best available generic match; it is wider because it also covers removal of internal devices (not just foreign bodies) and does not specify imaging guidance as required by the SNOMED concept.
1338001008 (Imaging guided removal of indwelling tunneled catheter with cuff from pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptJCB.JD.AE (Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity)JCB.JD.AE covers removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via percutaneous approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's core action (removing a tunneled pleural catheter), but ICHI does not distinguish tunneled/cuffed catheter types or the imaging guidance used for the procedure.
177217006 (Immediate repair of obstetric laceration)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum, which is the primary anatomical site of obstetric lacerations, but ICHI does not distinguish obstetric context, timing (immediate), or the specific grade/extent of laceration that can involve perineum, vagina, or anal sphincter.
707794004 (Immobilization using extrication splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH is the NEC code for application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which captures the splint application action, but ICHI does not distinguish the extrication/rescue context, the full-body spinal immobilisation purpose, or the specific device type (e.g. Kendrick Extrication Device) implied by the SNOMED concept.
386042006 (Immune system evaluation)maps to wider conceptDTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of immunological system functions)DTB.AA.ZZ maps closely to evaluation of the immune system, but it is scoped to functional assessment of the immunological system rather than structural evaluation of immune organs (lymph nodes, thymus, spleen), making the ICHI code broader than the full range of what "immune system evaluation" may encompass in SNOMED.
384810002 (Immunization/vaccination management)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VDA (Interventions on immunisation behaviours)This SNOMED concept is a high-level administrative/managerial category encompassing the full range of immunization programme activities; the ICHI block BlockL4-VDA (Interventions on immunisation behaviours) is the best structural fit as it groups all immunisation-targeted interventions, though as an organizational block it is broader than any single assignable code and cannot be narrowed to one specific ICHI category code.
252318005 (Immunology laboratory test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)DTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of immunological system function broadly, which encompasses immunology laboratory testing, but the ICHI code is broader — it includes functional tests beyond purely laboratory-based assays and does not specify the laboratory setting or methodology.
31019002 (Implantation of artificial heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AA (Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "total artificial heart" code; HZZ.DN.AA is a residual category for implantation of cardiac assist devices across the whole heart, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it also encompasses other cardiac assist devices that are not total artificial hearts.
699135001 (Implantation of cardiac defibrillator lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI codes the full pacemaker/defibrillator system as a unit and has no separate "lead only" implantation code; HFC.DN.AF encompasses the entire system (generator and leads) via the percutaneous endocardial approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers solely to lead placement.
429064006 (Implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not distinguish CRT-P (biventricular pacemaker) from a conventional pacemaker system; HFC.DN.AF covers all percutaneous endocardial permanent pacemaker or defibrillator implantations, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker implantation.
66816004 (Implantation of cardiac temporary transvenous pacemaker system during and immediately following cardiac surgery)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF matches the transvenous (endocardial) route and temporary nature of the pacemaker insertion, but does not capture the SNOMED-specific qualifier that the procedure occurs during or immediately following cardiac surgery. ICHI is therefore broader, lacking that peri-operative context.
309407004 (Implantation of complex one wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers permanent endocardial (transvenous/intravenous) pacemaker implantation, which aligns with the intravenous route and permanence implied, but ICHI does not distinguish single-lead ("one wire") from multi-lead systems, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
309408009 (Implantation of complex two wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The same ICHI code applies as for the one-wire variant, because ICHI does not differentiate between single-chamber and dual-chamber (two-wire) permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this more specific SNOMED concept.
26573008 (Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.DN.AA (Insertion of penile prosthesis)NGM.DN.AA covers insertion of a penile prosthesis broadly and aligns with the procedural action and target, but does not specify the inflatable/hydraulic subtype that the SNOMED concept designates; the inflatable variant exists only as an extension value in ICHI, not as a standalone assignable category code.
395218007 (Implantation of internal cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures the standard transvenous (percutaneous transluminal endocardial) route for ICD implantation and explicitly includes defibrillator systems. It is wider because it also covers pacemakers, whereas the SNOMED concept is exclusively a defibrillator.
231713005 (Implantation of intracorneal ring)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)BBB.DL.AC is the only ICHI code covering placement of an implant within the cornea, aligning with an intracorneal ring (e.g., INTACS for keratoconus). It is wider because it encompasses any corneal implant, not exclusively an intrastromal ring segment.
231039001 (Implantation of neurostimulator electrode onto spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DL.AA (Insertion of device into spinal nerve)ABN.DL.AA covers open insertion of a device (which includes a neurostimulator electrode) at the spinal nerve target, matching the anatomical site and the device-placement action. It is wider because it does not specify the electrode type or the "onto" (extraneural/surface) placement relationship.
171666009 (Implantation of neurostimulator into cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DL.AA (Insertion of cranial nerve device)ICHI code covers insertion of any device into a cranial nerve (target AAN, action DL = insertion of device), which encompasses a neurostimulator but is not restricted to it. No more specific neurostimulator-only cranial nerve code exists in ICHI.
12809001 (Implantation of non-inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.DN.AA (Insertion of penile prosthesis)ICHI maps to insertion of any penile prosthesis without distinguishing inflatable versus non-inflatable subtypes; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying the non-inflatable (malleable/semirigid) variant.
81921000112100 (Implantation of osseointegrated bone anchor into bone of face)maps to wider conceptMAB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into facial bone, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the unspecified facial bone, which includes an osseointegrated bone anchor (commonly used for bone-anchored hearing systems or craniofacial prostheses), but is not restricted to osseointegrated anchors specifically.
75409000 (Implantation of outflow tract prosthesis in total repair of tetralogy of Fallot)maps to wider conceptHZB.ML.AA (Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot)ICHI codes the complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot as a single procedure, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the outflow tract prosthesis implantation step within that total repair; no more granular ICHI code for the outflow tract component alone exists.
784162006 (Implantation of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF captures the permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via percutaneous transluminal (intravenous) approach. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the means; fluoroscopy is standard for this approach but is not encoded as a distinct axis value in ICHI.
175142009 (Implantation of permanent intravenous cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The intravenous (transvenous/endocardial) route matches the "percutaneous transluminal" means axis (AF) in HFC.DN.AF, and both describe permanent implantation. The ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is pacemaker-only.
414470005 (Implantation of phakic intraocular lens implant)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA is the most appropriate code for lens implantation into the eye. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between phakic lens implantation (where the natural crystalline lens is retained) and standard pseudophakic implantation; ICHI encodes prosthetic lens insertion generically.
373415004 (Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for posterior chamber IOL implantation, as it covers insertion of any prosthetic lens. It is wider because ICHI does not differentiate between anterior and posterior chamber placement; the posterior chamber specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured in any distinct ICHI axis value.
1255218005 (Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens into left eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens but does not encode laterality (left vs. right) in the base code; the SNOMED concept is more specific by specifying the left eye. Laterality would need to be expressed via an ICHI extension code appended to BBF.ML.AA.
1255221007 (Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens into right eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA is the correct procedural code for intraocular lens implantation but does not capture the right-eye laterality expressed in this SNOMED concept; a laterality extension would be required to fully represent the concept.
427288008 (Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens with suture fixation)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA captures the core procedure (insertion of a prosthetic lens) but does not encode the suture fixation technique, which is a clinically meaningful distinction in this SNOMED concept; no more specific ICHI code for sutured IOL fixation exists in the classification.
425767004 (Implantation of radioactive seed into prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into prostate)NGA.DL.AC is the best available ICHI code for implanting a foreign body/device into the prostate, but it is broader — it does not specify that the device is a radioactive seed (brachytherapy); brachytherapy seed qualifiers exist only as extension values in ICHI, not as standalone assignable codes.
176543000 (Implantation of semi-rigid penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.DN.AA (Insertion of penile prosthesis)NGM.DN.AA correctly represents the insertion of a penile prosthesis, but the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the semi-rigid subtype; ICHI distinguishes only the inflatable hydraulic variant as an extension qualifier, leaving semi-rigid covered under the generic unqualified insertion code.
309405007 (Implantation of simple one wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code covers all permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator systems via percutaneous transluminal approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies a single-wire (single-lead) transvenous configuration; the ICHI code is therefore broader. "Intravenous" in SNOMED aligns with "endocardial" via the transvenous/transluminal route.
370826000 (Implementation of protective measures to prevent injury due to radiation sources)maps to wider conceptUBR.TM.ZZ (Environment modification in relation to radiation)UBR.TM.ZZ directly maps the physical agent (radiation) and the intervention type (environment modification, i.e., implementing protective measures) to the same domain, making it the closest available ICHI match. It is wider because it covers all radiation-related environment modification without restricting to injury-prevention intent.
370827009 (Implementation of protective measures to prevent skin and tissue injury due to chemical sources)maps to wider conceptUGL.TM.ZZ (Environment modification in relation to chemicals and chemical products)UGL.TM.ZZ matches the physical agent (chemicals/chemical products) and the environment-modification action that corresponds to implementing protective measures, making it the best available ICHI code. It is wider as it covers all chemical environment modification and is not restricted to skin/tissue injury prevention specifically.
185491002 (In-house dermatology)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specialty-specific encounter or service-delivery code for dermatology; UEP.RG.ZZ is the closest organisational/administrative match for an in-house clinical service, but it is far broader, covering any health service delivery rather than dermatology specifically.
185495006 (In-house dietetics)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI contains specific nutrition-related intervention codes but none representing a dietetics consultation or in-house dietetic service; UEP.RG.ZZ is the nearest administrative match, though it is generic to all health service delivery.
185489005 (In-house ENT)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has extensive ear, nose and throat procedural codes but no ENT specialty encounter or in-house service concept; UEP.RG.ZZ provides the closest administrative frame as a generic health service delivery code.
185498008 (In-house ophthalmology)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI includes many eye-specific procedural codes but no ophthalmology specialty encounter or in-house service concept; UEP.RG.ZZ is the closest administrative category available, covering generic health service provision.
185492009 (In-house physio)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI codes physiotherapy-like actions at a specific body-function or activity level (e.g., movement training, exercise for musculoskeletal functions) but none capture the administrative concept of an in-house physiotherapy service encounter; UEP.RG.ZZ is the least-bad administrative fit.
238359003 (Incision and drainage of branchial abscess)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)A branchial abscess lies in the lateral neck subcutaneous/deep cervical tissue, and LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region. ICHI provides no code specific to branchial cleft abscess, so the ICHI code is broader — it lacks the abscess aetiology and the specific branchial cleft anatomical qualifier.
17596000 (Incision and drainage of supramylohyoid space by intraoral approach)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JB.AC (Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The supramylohyoid space (floor of mouth above the mylohyoid muscle) is anatomically part of the oral cavity and the intraoral approach corresponds to a via-natural-orifice access. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all oral cavity drainage without specifying the floor-of-mouth subspace or the intraoral route.
9578002 (Incision and removal of foreign body by magnet)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)This SNOMED concept describes removal of a metallic foreign body via magnetic extraction from an unspecified site; MRS.JD.AA captures the action (JD = removal of device/foreign body) from soft tissue at an unspecified site with open approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the magnet technique as the means.
19676008 (Incision and removal of orthopedic device)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)Orthopedic devices (plates, screws, K-wires, intramedullary nails) are implanted in or affixed to bone, and MRB.JD.AA precisely captures open surgical removal of an internal device from bone at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the type of orthopedic implant or the particular bone involved.
445914004 (Incision of abscess of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI classifies the procedure by action (drainage, JB) on the anatomical target (skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, LAA), which captures the operative intent of incising an abscess to drain it; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any drainage of that tissue region, not specifically abscesses, and also includes the neck.
14449003 (Incision of face)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "incision of face" code; the skin/head-neck block contains drainage and debridement entries but no FA (incision) code for that region, making LZZ.FA.AA the closest assignable category. It captures the incision action on skin/subcutaneous tissue but lacks the face-specific anatomical precision, so ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept.
9394005 (Incision of fascial compartments of head)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no fasciotomy or fascial-compartment code, nor any soft-tissue incision specific to the head; MRS.FA.AA is the closest structural match covering incision of deep soft tissue but omits both the fascial-compartment specificity and the head location, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
359533001 (Incision of hematoma in episiotomy site)maps to wider conceptPAW.JB.AA (Drainage of perineum)ICHI codes episiotomy itself and perineal drainage, but has no specific code for incision and drainage of a hematoma at an episiotomy wound site; PAW.JB.AA captures the perineal location and the drainage/evacuation intent, but is anatomically broader and does not encode the hematoma or episiotomy-site context.
31224008 (Incision of infratemporal fossa)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)The infratemporal fossa is a deep facial space bounded by bone and soft tissue; ICHI contains no code for this anatomical region or for facial space incision, and MRS.FA.AA is the only structurally plausible assignment, capturing the incision action but losing both the infratemporal fossa location and its deep-space specificity.
171990008 (Incision of lesion of thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptEBA.FA.AA (Incision of thyroid gland)ICHI has a code for incision of the thyroid gland as a whole but no code specifically for incision of a lesion within it; EBA.FA.AA captures the target organ and action (incision) but is broader in that it does not restrict to a lesion.
178274007 (Incision of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)ICHI uses the term "myotomy" (FA = incision/division action) at an unspecified site, which is the closest available generic muscle incision code; myotomy implies cutting-through of muscle for functional release, while the SNOMED concept covers any incision of muscle more broadly.
447309006 (Incision of neck of urinary bladder by transurethral approach using laser)maps to wider conceptNAK.FA.AD (Transurethral endoscopic incision of bladder neck)This ICHI code matches perfectly on target (bladder neck), action (incision), and approach (transurethral endoscopic), but does not specify the laser instrument, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names laser as the means.
34697004 (Incision of pterygopalatine fossa)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code or target for the pterygopalatine fossa; MRS.FA.AA captures the action (incision) and tissue type (soft tissue) but loses the anatomical specificity of the fossa entirely, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
171984009 (Incision of thyroglossal cyst)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI contains no code for thyroglossal cyst incision and the thyroglossal duct/cyst only appears as an extension entity without any associated incision category; MRS.FA.AA captures the incision of soft tissue but loses all specificity regarding the thyroglossal cyst as the target structure.
1202009000 (Incision of ureter by transurethral endoscopic approach using laser)maps to wider conceptNAE.FA.AA (Ureterotomy)NAE.FA.AA captures the correct target (ureter) and action (incision), but its open means does not reflect the SNOMED concept's transurethral endoscopic laser approach — there is no ICHI code for transurethral ureterotomy with laser in the NAE block.
713190005 (Incisional biopsy of cervical lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFB.AD.AA (Biopsy of cervical lymph node)DFB.AD.AA targets the correct anatomical site (cervical lymph node) and procedure type (biopsy, open means), matching the open surgical nature of an incisional biopsy; however, ICHI does not distinguish between incisional and excisional biopsy subtypes at this level, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of "incisional."
112920001 (Incisional biopsy of uterine ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.AD.AA (Biopsy of uterus)ICHI has no code specifically for the uterine ligament; NME.AD.AA (Biopsy of uterus) is the closest available code but targets the uterus as a whole rather than its ligament, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; "incisional" as a technique specifier is also lost.
183001000 (Incontinence care)maps to wider conceptSMD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with toileting)"Incontinence care" is a nursing/care activity focused on managing incontinence (e.g., applying pads, catheter care, skin protection), which aligns best with practical support in the self-care/toileting domain; however, SMD.RB.ZZ covers all toileting support broadly and is not restricted to incontinence.
2752008 (Incudopexy)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Incudopexy is the surgical stabilisation (fixation) of the incus ossicle specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated incudopexy or incus-fixation code; the closest assignable code is ossicular chain reconstruction, which covers the broader category of ossicular surgery.
232185003 (Incus transposition)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Incus transposition — repositioning the incus to restore sound conduction — is a specific ossiculoplasty technique not individually coded in ICHI; the most appropriate assignable code is CBF.ML.AC, which subsumes all surgical remodelling of the ossicular chain including transposition procedures.
714812005 (Induced termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNME.DB.AC (Termination of pregnancy by oral medication)ICHI encodes termination of pregnancy at the method level (oral medication, hysterotomy), whereas the SNOMED concept covers induced termination of pregnancy by any method; NME.DB.AC is the most frequently used route and the closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any single ICHI method-specific code.
77996006 (Induction of arrhythmia by electrical pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.AF.AF (Electrophysiological study of heart)An electrophysiological study (EPS) of the heart is the standard procedure in which arrhythmias are deliberately induced by programmed electrical stimulation/pacing, making it the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code covers the full EPS study, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of arrhythmia induction by pacing alone.
236958009 (Induction of labor)maps to wider conceptNME.SH.AC (Medical induction of labour, per orifice)ICHI separates induction of labour by method (medical per orifice, intravenous medical, surgical), so no single ICHI code covers "induction of labour" generically; NME.SH.AC is the most common method and closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any individual method-specific ICHI code.
408818004 (Induction of labor by artificial rupture of membranes)maps to wider conceptNMM.FA.AC (Surgical induction of labour)Artificial rupture of membranes (amniotomy) is the defining surgical method of labour induction, and NMM.FA.AC sits under the placenta/amnion/cord block, making it the most semantically precise available ICHI match; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it could include other surgical induction techniques beyond amniotomy alone.
385821000 (Infection control management)maps to wider conceptUEP.VE.ZZ (Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies)"Infection control management" as a broad administrative/clinical concept maps best to this code, which covers infection control measures in the health care system context; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it specifically situates infection control within the health services, systems and policies environment axis.
386335003 (Infection protection)maps to wider conceptVE (Infection control measures)"Infection protection" as a general concept aligns most closely with the ICHI action axis value VE (Infection control measures), which is the overarching action category covering all infection control activities; VE is broader as it is an action-axis grouping used across many specific infection control codes rather than a standalone assignable category.
1204241002 (Inferior capsular shift operation of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDL.LC.AA (Stabilisation of shoulder)The inferior capsular shift is a specific open surgical technique to tighten and shift the inferior glenohumeral joint capsule for shoulder instability; ICHI has no code at this level of specificity, and MDL.LC.AA is the best available match as it captures the structural target (shoulder ligament/capsule), the therapeutic intent (stabilisation), and the open approach.
310812006 (Informal assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no concept distinguishing "informal" from "formal" assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the broadest non-system-specific assessment code and is the closest available match. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all types of general assessments, not specifically informal ones.
174358006 (Infrared photocoagulation of hemorrhoid)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)Hemorrhoids are located at the anorectal junction and are classified under the anus/anal canal target in ICHI; KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the anus without specifying the modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to infrared photocoagulation of a hemorrhoid specifically.
450801009 (Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin tissue without specifying body-site region or modality, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the skin target and the infrared photocoagulation technique; it is the best available code as ICHI has no code combining skin + photocoagulation or infrared destruction specifically.
36576007 (Infusion)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)"Infusion" in SNOMED refers specifically to the parenteral/IV delivery of a substance, whereas the best available ICHI code covers pharmacotherapy administration with an unspecified route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code specifically captures infusion as a standalone act independent of body target or substance type.
385854003 (Inhalation therapy assessment)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)ICHI's closest match assesses respiration function broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to inhalation therapy assessment; the SNOMED concept is specifically an evaluation of a patient's inhalation therapy regimen (technique, device, adherence), whereas the ICHI code covers any respiratory function assessment.
58863009 (Initial implantation of cardiac dual-chamber device)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber devices; the code covers any permanent endocardial pacemaker/defibrillator implantation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a dual-chamber configuration. The percutaneous transluminal approach is also not specified in the SNOMED concept.
54866009 (Initial implantation of cardiac single-chamber device)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)As with the dual-chamber concept, ICHI does not distinguish chamber count in its pacemaker codes; this code captures any permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation and is therefore broader than the single-chamber-specific SNOMED concept.
87825006 (Initial implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium and ventricle)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)This SNOMED concept specifically describes lead/electrode placement into both the atrium and ventricle (i.e., the lead component of a dual-chamber system), while the ICHI code covers the full pacemaker system implantation; ICHI has no separate code for electrode-only placement into specific chambers, making the match wider in scope.
703144005 (Initiation of hormone releasing contraceptive vaginal ring)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC describes insertion of an internal device into the vagina via a transvaginal approach, which is the physical procedure performed when placing a contraceptive vaginal ring; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any vaginal device, not specifically a hormone-releasing contraceptive ring.
16139005 (Injection of anesthetic agent into cervical plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The cervical plexus is a peripheral nerve structure, and ICHI has no cervical-plexus-specific anaesthetic injection code; ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the cervical plexus as the exact target.
68248001 (Injection of anesthetic agent into pudendal nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The pudendal nerve is a specific peripheral nerve for which ICHI has no dedicated code; ACA.DC.AE covers anaesthetic injection into any peripheral nerve, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the pudendal nerve specifically.
52516005 (Injection of anesthetic agent into sciatic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The sciatic nerve is a peripheral nerve, so the action and substance axes match precisely; however, ICHI's target is "peripheral nerve" in general rather than the sciatic nerve specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
86169007 (Injection of anesthetic agent into sphenopalatine ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion associated with the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and falls within the cranial nerve target class in ICHI; the action and substance match exactly, but ICHI's target covers all cranial nerves rather than this specific ganglion.
40473009 (Injection of anesthetic agent into vagus nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The vagus nerve is cranial nerve X and therefore maps directly to ICHI's "cranial nerve" target; the action (injection) and substance (anaesthetic) both match, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all cranial nerves rather than the vagus specifically.
736065007 (Injection of botulinum toxin into peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve)ICHI code ACA.DB.AE captures percutaneous injection into a peripheral nerve regardless of substance, which covers botulinum toxin; the target and approach match exactly, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the injected agent.
21503005 (Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, retrograde)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for contrast injection by catheter for plain radiographic angiography, and no code that encodes the retrograde approach. IZE.BA.BA is the least-specific fallback covering imaging of any blood vessel not elsewhere classified, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
56539001 (Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, selective)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)As with the retrograde variant, ICHI contains no code distinguishing selective catheterisation with contrast for plain radiography; the concept of "selective" catheter positioning is a SNOMED-level granularity that ICHI does not encode. IZE.BA.BA is again the best available fallback.
11850007 (Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, supraselective)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)"Supraselective" catheterisation (catheter tip placed in a tertiary or smaller branch beyond a selective position) is a granularity level that exists only in SNOMED; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique or for plain-radiography contrast injection via catheter. IZE.BA.BA serves as the only reasonable vascular imaging fallback.
43058004 (Injection of contrast media for radiography by direct puncture)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Direct puncture (percutaneous needle stick directly into a vessel without catheterisation) is not distinguished from other vascular imaging approaches in ICHI. IZE.BA.BA captures the general notion of blood vessel imaging not elsewhere classified but is wider, missing both the direct-puncture technique and the plain radiography modality.
1287361001 (Injection of dexamethasone during maternal intrapartum period)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)ICHI has no code specific to corticosteroid (dexamethasone) administration in the intrapartum maternal context; the closest applicable code is PZA.DB.AE, which captures the act of injecting a drug but is broader — it omits the specific agent, the maternal/intrapartum clinical context, and the obstetric indication.
433779008 (Injection of dye into breast using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptLCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast)LCA.DB.AE covers injection into the breast as a target, which matches the anatomy and action, but it does not specify the substance (dye/contrast) or the guidance modality (ultrasound). The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any injection into the breast regardless of agent or imaging guidance used.
81218001 (Injection of laryngeal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The laryngeal nerve (superior or recurrent laryngeal) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), so AAN.DC.AE is the correct anatomical category. However, the ICHI code specifies anaesthetic as the injected substance, while the SNOMED concept is non-specific about the substance, and the ICHI code applies to cranial nerves generally rather than the laryngeal nerve specifically.
736345007 (Injection of nerve root of sacral spine)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal nerve (which encompasses nerve roots), and is the closest available code since ICHI does not offer a dedicated sacral nerve root injection code separate from the general spinal nerve injection. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any spinal nerve/nerve root regardless of spinal level.
433109004 (Injection of nerve root of thoracic spine using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)As with the sacral nerve root injection, ABN.DB.AE is the best available match for thoracic nerve root injection, but it does not capture the thoracic level specificity or the fluoroscopic guidance means. ICHI lacks a dedicated thoracic nerve root injection code, making this a broader mapping.
231364008 (Injection of neurolytic substance into trigeminal ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)Neurolytic injection into the trigeminal ganglion is a form of chemical neurolysis (destruction) delivered percutaneously; ICHI captures the destruction of a cranial nerve percutaneously but does not specify the trigeminal ganglion as target or injection of neurolytic substance as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
231363002 (Injection of neurolytic substance to cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)Neurolytic injection to a cranial nerve is chemically mediated destruction of that nerve, and ICHI's percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve covers this clinical intent at the same anatomical level; however, ICHI does not specify "injection of neurolytic substance" as the means, and encompasses other destruction modalities, making it slightly broader.
231372005 (Injection of neurolytic substance to glossopharyngeal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The glossopharyngeal nerve is a cranial nerve, and neurolytic injection constitutes percutaneous chemical destruction; ICHI does not name the specific cranial nerve or distinguish the neurolytic means, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
231366005 (Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V); neurolytic injection constitutes percutaneous chemical destruction, matching the clinical intent of AAN.GA.AE, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the infraorbital nerve target or injection of neurolytic substance as means.
231369003 (Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The mental nerve is a branch of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V), so the cranial nerve target axis is correct. ICHI does not have a specific "neurolytic injection to cranial nerve" code, and injection of a neurolytic substance achieves chemical nerve destruction, making AAN.GA.AE the closest semantic match; however it is broader as it covers any modality of percutaneous cranial nerve destruction and does not restrict to the mental nerve specifically.
171803000 (Injection of neurolytic substance to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)A neurolytic injection chemically destroys nerve tissue, so percutaneous destruction of a peripheral nerve is the best semantic fit over a simple injection code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all modalities of percutaneous peripheral nerve destruction (thermal, chemical, etc.) and is not restricted to neurolytic injection specifically.
231365009 (Injection of neurolytic substance to supraorbital nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The supraorbital nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V1), placing it under the cranial nerve target. As with the mental nerve, a neurolytic agent chemically destroys the nerve, making percutaneous cranial nerve destruction the best available match, though the ICHI code is broader in both target (any cranial nerve) and means (any percutaneous destructive modality).
231395001 (Injection of neurolytic to dorsal root ganglion)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)The dorsal root ganglion lies on the spinal (posterior) nerve root, placing it within the spinal nerve interventions block. A neurolytic injection to the ganglion achieves chemical destruction analogous to percutaneous destruction of the spinal nerve root; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any destructive modality at the spinal nerve root level and does not specifically name the ganglion.
68242000 (Injection of sympathetic ciliary ganglion)maps to wider conceptACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for the ciliary ganglion; as an autonomic ganglion it falls under the peripheral nervous system, and ACA.DB.AE (injection into a peripheral nerve, percutaneous) is the closest assignable category, though it is broader because it covers all peripheral nerves rather than this specific ganglion.
22856004 (Injection of sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)The SNOMED concept specifies injection into a sympathetic nerve without specifying the spinal level; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the only ICHI code covering the sympathetic nervous system without a level qualifier, though it is broader as it encompasses all intervention types (not only injections) into the sympathetic system.
445005007 (Injection of trigeminal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The trigeminal nerve is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE correctly captures the anatomical target and injection action. However, the ICHI code specifies "anaesthetic" as the injected substance, while the SNOMED concept "injection of trigeminal nerve" is substance-agnostic — it could also cover neurolytic, steroid, or other injections — making the ICHI code wider in substance specificity but narrower in not covering non-anaesthetic agents; overall it is the closest available code.
438619009 (Insertion of afterloading balloon catheter for radiotherapy into breast using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the core action (percutaneous device insertion into the breast), and a balloon brachytherapy catheter qualifies as a device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the radiotherapy purpose, the specific device type (afterloading balloon catheter), or the imaging guidance, all of which are intrinsic to the SNOMED concept.
443888005 (Insertion of balloon catheter into breast for radiotherapy)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device into breast)LCA.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the breast, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a balloon catheter inserted specifically for radiotherapy (brachytherapy). The radiotherapy purpose and balloon catheter specificity are not captured in the ICHI code.
36635006 (Insertion of Barton tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers insertion of skull tongs (which includes Barton tongs) as a traction device, making it a strong match; however, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies synchronous skeletal traction as part of the procedure, a detail not captured in the ICHI code, so ICHI is slightly broader.
232183005 (Insertion of bone anchors for subcutaneous bone anchored hearing aid)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)The bone anchors for a bone anchored hearing aid are implanted into the skull bone, making MAA.DN.AA the closest structural match. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any device implanted into the skull and does not specify the hearing aid purpose or the bone anchor type; there is no dedicated ICHI code for this specific procedure.
446803008 (Insertion of catheter into brachial plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into peripheral nerve)The brachial plexus is part of the peripheral nervous system, and a catheter is a device, so ACA.DL.AA captures the procedural intent well; however, ICHI uses the generic "peripheral nerve" target rather than specifying the brachial plexus, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
446523001 (Insertion of catheter into brain ventricle)maps to wider conceptAAE.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain)AAE.DN.AA covers implantation of an internal device into the brain ventricles, which semantically encompasses catheter insertion (a catheter being a type of internal device), but "implantation" implies a more permanent device than a catheter, making it slightly broader.
446245001 (Insertion of catheter into cervical epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ICHI maps the epidural space under the broader "spinal canal" target (ABG) and does not distinguish cervical from lumbar levels, so the ICHI code is wider on two dimensions: it covers the entire spinal canal rather than only the epidural compartment, and any level rather than specifically cervical.
74477005 (Insertion of catheter into common bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA represents insertion of a biliary tract device under the bile duct block (KCM), which matches the action and anatomical region well, but the ICHI title is broader — it covers the entire biliary tract rather than specifically the common bile duct, and "biliary tract device" is more general than a catheter.
446244002 (Insertion of catheter into lumbar epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ICHI does not distinguish lumbar from cervical epidural level, and maps both to the broader "spinal canal" target (ABG) rather than the epidural space specifically; ABG.DL.AE is the best available fit.
736021004 (Insertion of catheter into sciatic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve)ACA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of a device into a peripheral nerve, which semantically aligns with catheter insertion into the sciatic nerve (a major peripheral nerve), but the ICHI code targets peripheral nerves in general without specifying the sciatic nerve, making it broader in anatomical scope.
446287004 (Insertion of catheter into thoracic epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which maps well to catheter insertion into the epidural space (the epidural space is within the spinal canal). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the catheter type, the epidural (vs. intrathecal) location within the canal, or the thoracic level.
410024004 (Insertion of catheter into urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD closely matches bladder catheterisation; the ICHI code is slightly broader because "device" encompasses more than just a catheter and the approach modality (endoscopic/transurethral) may not distinguish a simple catheter pass.
738769004 (Insertion of cerebrospinal fluid drain)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)A CSF drain can be placed in the spinal canal (lumbar) or ventricular system; ABG.DL.AE is the closest ICHI code for a lumbar CSF drain, though the code is broader (applies to any device, not just a drain, and does not specify the CSF-drainage purpose). No dedicated ICHI code for CSF drain insertion exists.
234835005 (Insertion of complete orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI code for placing a dental/orthodontic appliance onto teeth, but it is broader — it covers any dental device (not just complete orthodontic appliances) and does not distinguish fitting from other applications.
1285449007 (Insertion of complete upper and complete lower dentures)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI match for fitting complete dentures, but it is broader — it encompasses any dental device application and does not specify full-arch prostheses or the bilateral (upper + lower) scope of the SNOMED concept.
234842005 (Insertion of component of fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of dental devices broadly, which includes fixed orthodontic components (brackets, bands, archwires), but the ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all dental device applications, not specifically orthodontic fixed appliances.
81574008 (Insertion of Crutchfield tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMAA.DL.AA (Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device)MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers insertion of skull tongs (which is precisely what Crutchfield tongs are) and halo traction devices. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the synchronous application of skeletal traction that the SNOMED concept includes, encompassing tong insertion with or without concurrent traction.
234916009 (Insertion of dental hemorrhage splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A dental hemorrhage splint is a device applied to teeth to control post-extraction or post-surgical bleeding, and KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI category covering dental device placement on teeth. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications, with no specific code for a hemorrhage-control splint in the teeth interventions block.
56821003 (Insertion of drain into vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.JB.AA (Drainage of vagina)NMH.JB.AA covers the procedural outcome (drainage) achieved by inserting a drain, making it the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it describes the drainage intervention generally rather than the specific act of drain insertion.
444179007 (Insertion of dual chamber cardiac pacemaker pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF covers permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via the percutaneous transluminal route, which matches the procedure type, but ICHI does not distinguish between single-chamber and dual-chamber devices and also encompasses defibrillator systems, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
443355007 (Insertion of dual chamber pulse generator and repositioning of cardioverter defibrillation pulse generator lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI covers implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system percutaneously, which partially captures the generator insertion component, but the SNOMED concept is a compound procedure also including repositioning of an existing lead and specifies a dual-chamber device — granularity ICHI does not encode. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering the overall system implantation without the added lead repositioning step.
233177000 (Insertion of epicardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AA (Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system)Both describe open surgical insertion of a temporary epicardial pacing device, and the ICHI code is the closest available match. However, the SNOMED concept specifies only the electrode/lead component, whereas ICHI refers to the whole pacemaker system (generator plus leads), making the ICHI code broader in scope.
1366177007 (Insertion of external drain into intracranial subdural space)maps to wider conceptAAC.JB.AA (Drainage of cerebral meninges)The subdural space lies between the layers of the cranial meninges, making drainage of cerebral meninges the anatomically closest ICHI category for this intervention. The ICHI code is broader because it covers drainage of any meningeal compartment rather than specifically the subdural space, and does not distinguish drain insertion from other drainage approaches.
1366178002 (Insertion of external drain into subdural space of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABC.JB.AA (Drainage of spinal meninges)The spinal subdural space is an anatomical subdivision of the spinal meningeal compartment, so drainage of spinal meninges is the closest available ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all meningeal drainage at the spinal level without isolating the subdural space specifically.
699851007 (Insertion of femoral nerve catheter)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve)The femoral nerve is a peripheral nerve and a nerve catheter is a device inserted percutaneously for continuous nerve block, making ACA.DL.AE a strong structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral nerve and any percutaneous device, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the femoral nerve and a catheter specifically.
1231174008 (Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application (insertion/fitting) of a dental device to teeth, which maps well to fitting a fixed orthodontic appliance (e.g., brackets and bands). The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all dental devices, not only fixed orthodontic appliances.
1263600004 (Insertion of fixed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A fixed orthodontic retainer is a dental device bonded to the teeth, and KAE.LC.AC "Application of dental device" is the closest available ICHI category for this act. The ICHI code is broader, covering all dental device applications rather than specifically a fixed retainer.
827134000 (Insertion of fixed rapid mandibular expansion appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A rapid mandibular expansion appliance is a fixed dental device bonded or banded to the teeth to expand the mandibular arch; KAE.LC.AC captures the act of inserting/fitting such a device. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the type of dental device or its orthodontic purpose.
1286815000 (Insertion of functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A functional orthodontic appliance (e.g., activator or twin block) is a dental device fitted to teeth and/or jaws to guide growth, and KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI match for this act. The code is broader as ICHI does not distinguish between fixed and removable orthodontic appliances or their functional purpose.
82199000 (Insertion of Gardner Wells tongs with synchronous skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)MBZ.LC.AE captures the skeletal traction to the spine, which is the functional outcome of Gardner Wells tong application. However, the ICHI code does not specify the tongs as the instrument or the synchronous insertion aspect, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
43259003 (Insertion of graft of great vessels with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific reconstruction codes for individual great vessel segments (ascending aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary artery, etc.) but no single code covering grafting across multiple great vessels with cardiopulmonary bypass as a combined procedure; IZE.ML.AA is the closest residual category for vascular reconstruction, though it is broader and omits the CPB context.
447020000 (Insertion of hard interocclusal appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses the placement of an interocclusal appliance (occlusal splint or bite guard). The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish hard vs. soft appliances or the interocclusal position, but it is the most specific available dental device code.
736919006 (Insertion of hemodialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA matches on both target (vein) and action (device insertion), correctly representing catheter placement into a vein. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the hemodialysis purpose, the catheter type, or the central venous access site typically used for dialysis.
87675006 (Insertion of Holter valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)A Holter valve is a specific one-way valve used in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt system; "Holter valve ventricular shunt" appears as a named variant within the ICHI ventricular shunt grouping but carries no distinct assignable code, making AAE.LI.AA the correct assignment. The code is wider because it encompasses all ventricular shunt types, not solely the Holter valve variant.
472837007 (Insertion of hormone releasing intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)NME.DL.AC covers any device insertion into the uterus, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a hormone-releasing IUD (levonorgestrel-type). The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the device type or contraceptive/hormonal nature.
1264405005 (Insertion of indirect restoration onto tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies an indirect restoration (prefabricated outside the mouth — e.g., inlay, onlay, crown). ICHI has extension codes distinguishing crown types but the core assignable category is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1342339000 (Insertion of indwelling peritoneal catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.DN.AE captures percutaneous placement of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, which matches the procedural intent of inserting an indwelling peritoneal catheter; ICHI is slightly broader as it covers any internal device, not specifically a catheter.
6555009 (Insertion of infusion pump beneath skin)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which matches the general anatomical location and action of placing a subcutaneous infusion pump; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the device type (infusion pump) or that it is implanted for drug delivery.
432375008 (Insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AF (Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI does not have a dedicated intraaortic balloon pump insertion code; the closest assignable code is the NEC category for percutaneous implantation of any cardiac assist device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the device type (IABP) and the means (fluoroscopic guidance with contrast).
442807006 (Insertion of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation device through femoral artery)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AF (Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI has no specific code for intraaortic balloon counterpulsation; HZZ.DN.AF is the best available assignable match, capturing the transluminal/percutaneous approach via femoral artery but losing the device-type specificity.
231560000 (Insertion of intraconal orbital implant)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)ICHI places orbital and ocular implant insertions under "interventions of unspecified visual target" (BZZ.DL.AC), which does not distinguish intraconal from extraconal positioning. The SNOMED concept is more specific (intraconal = within the cone of extraocular muscles), while ICHI's code covers any ocular implant insertion regardless of anatomical sub-location.
230940006 (Insertion of intracranial pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)ICHI has no dedicated code for intracranial pressure monitoring catheter insertion; the best assignable match is the generic insertion of a device into the brain (AAA.DL.AA), which is broader since it encompasses any intracranial device, not specifically a pressure-monitoring catheter.
230939009 (Insertion of intracranial pressure transducer)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into brain tissue and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a pressure transducer (ICP monitoring device) placed in the intracranial space. No dedicated intracranial pressure monitoring device insertion code exists in ICHI.
288183004 (Insertion of IV endocardial electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering endocardial electrode insertion via a transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) route, but it specifies a full temporary pacemaker system whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to the electrode lead itself, and does not restrict to temporary systems.
702631007 (Insertion of manometer catheter into pyloric antrum and duodenum using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBI.AB.AC (Duodenal manometry)KBI.AB.AC for duodenal manometry is the best available match — it captures the manometric measurement in the duodenum, which is the functional equivalent of this procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, catheter insertion technique, or the concurrent pyloric antrum target.
104771000220104 (Insertion of Michigan appliance onto maxillary teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC for application of a dental device on teeth is the best ICHI match for fitting a Michigan appliance (an occlusal stabilisation splint) onto the maxillary teeth. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the appliance type (Michigan/stabilisation splint) or the maxillary arch.
234823006 (Insertion of occlusal wafer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An occlusal wafer is a dental occlusal splint/positioning device applied to the teeth, which falls within the scope of "application of dental device." ICHI's code is broader as it encompasses any dental device application, not specifically an occlusal wafer used in orthognathic surgery.
4765003 (Insertion of ocular implant following or secondary to enucleation)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)BZZ.DL.AC directly describes insertion of an ocular implant, which matches the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the insertion is secondary to or following enucleation.
172183001 (Insertion of orbital floor implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)Insertion of an orbital floor implant is a reconstructive procedure for the bony orbit floor (e.g., after blowout fracture), which falls under orbital reconstruction. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any orbital reconstruction, not specifically floor-implant placement.
281836006 (Insertion of orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI does not have a dedicated orthodontic retainer code; "Application of dental device" (KAE.LC.AC) is the closest available code under the "Interventions on teeth" block, but it covers all dental device applications broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting an orthodontic retainer.
1269324007 (Insertion of partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for partial denture fitting; the extension concepts "Removable prosthodontic device" exist but are not assignable codes. KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a removable partial denture.
439781002 (Insertion of peripancreatic drain with cholecystostomy)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AA (Drainage of pancreas)This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (peripancreatic drainage plus cholecystostomy), but ICHI codes individual anatomical targets separately; KCO.JB.AA covers the pancreatic drainage component and is the closest single ICHI code, though it does not capture the concurrent cholecystostomy nor the peripancreatic specificity.
440104006 (Insertion of peripancreatic drain with gastrostomy)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AA (Drainage of pancreas)As with the cholecystostomy variant, ICHI has no combined procedure code for peripancreatic drainage concurrent with gastrostomy; KCO.JB.AA represents the pancreatic drainage component but is broader in that it does not encode the simultaneously performed gastrostomy or the peripancreatic (rather than intrapancreatic) drain placement.
440549000 (Insertion of peripancreatic drain with jejunostomy)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AA (Drainage of pancreas)The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — peripancreatic drainage alongside jejunostomy creation — whereas KCO.JB.AA covers only the drainage component of the pancreas/peripancreatic area without capturing the jejunostomy element. No single ICHI code encompasses both components, so the best available code is broader than the full SNOMED concept.
1172563000 (Insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.DN.AA covers open implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, which aligns well with catheter insertion, but the ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any internal device rather than being specific to a peritoneal dialysis catheter. The dedicated ICHI code KMA.JC.AE is for the dialysis procedure itself, not the catheter insertion step.
432654009 (Insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter using fluoroscopy guidance)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.DN.AE captures the percutaneous (image-guided) route of peritoneal device implantation, which aligns with the fluoroscopy-guided approach in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify fluoroscopy as the imaging modality nor restrict the device to a peritoneal dialysis catheter.
238286001 (Insertion of peritoneal drain)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)Insertion of a peritoneal drain is well represented by implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity (KMA.DN.AA), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device rather than specifically a drain; no dedicated "peritoneal drain insertion" code exists in ICHI.
449397007 (Insertion of permanent cardiac pacemaker pulse generator and electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF closely matches the SNOMED concept — both describe permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via a percutaneous transluminal route including pulse generator and leads — but the ICHI code is slightly broader as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not exclude epicardial variants in a combined system description.
54974006 (Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, ventricular)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code matches the permanent, transvenous (percutaneous transluminal endocardial) approach but does not distinguish ventricular-only lead placement and groups pacemakers together with defibrillator systems, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
68667005 (Insertion of permanent transvenous electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no separate code for electrode/lead insertion alone; the closest code covers the entire permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system implantation, which is broader than inserting only the transvenous electrodes.
264957007 (Insertion of pleural tube drain)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)Percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity is the best ICHI match for pleural tube drain insertion, as both describe a percutaneous approach to drain the pleural space; however, the ICHI title emphasises the drainage action rather than the device insertion, and does not specify a tube drain, making it slightly broader.
699125007 (Insertion of programmable cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The ICHI code captures permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via the transvenous route, which aligns with a programmable pacemaker insertion, but it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not specify the programmable feature, making it broader.
699136000 (Insertion of pulse generator of implantable cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no separate code for ICD pulse generator insertion alone; the closest code covers implantation of the full permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, making it broader than the generator-only SNOMED concept.
1285046005 (Insertion of removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth and is the closest available ICHI code; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to removable appliances or to orthodontic (tooth-movement) purpose. No more specific orthodontic code exists in ICHI.
443753002 (Insertion of single chamber cardiac pacemaker pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no code distinguishing single-chamber from dual-chamber or biventricular devices; HFC.DN.AF is the best-fit code for percutaneous permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation, but it covers the full system (lead + generator) and encompasses defibrillator systems as well, making it broader than the generator-only, single-chamber SNOMED concept.
177598001 (Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no dedicated code for tissue expanders; the best structural match is the body-region-specific "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk," which captures the action (DL = device insertion) and tissue target but is broader because it is not specific to tissue expanders and is limited to the trunk body region, whereas the SNOMED concept is body-site-neutral.
446127008 (Insertion of soft interocclusal appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A soft interocclusal appliance (night guard/occlusal splint) is a dental device applied to the teeth, making KAE.LC.AC the closest ICHI code; it is broader because it encompasses all dental device applications and does not distinguish occlusal splints or their material/purpose.
175854006 (Insertion of subclavian feeding line)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)The subclavian vein is a specific NEC vein target within the IZD (vein, NEC) block, and IZD.DL.AA captures the insertion-of-device action into a vein; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the subclavian vein, the purpose (feeding/nutrition), or the catheter type.
234821008 (Insertion of Tanner appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)The Tanner appliance is a specific fixed orthodontic/dental device; KAE.LC.AC "Application of dental device" is the best available ICHI match under the teeth block but does not specify the appliance type or orthodontic intent.
708910001 (Insertion of temporary intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)An intrathecal catheter is inserted percutaneously into the spinal canal (subarachnoid space); ABG.DL.AE is the closest structural and procedural match but is broader because it covers any device inserted into the spinal canal, not specifically a temporary intrathecal catheter.
311888006 (Insertion of uterine cesium applicators)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)Cesium applicators are intracavitary brachytherapy devices inserted into the uterus; NME.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the uterus and is the best structural match but is broader as it does not specify the radioactive/brachytherapy nature of the device.
1254794003 (Insertion of vacuum formed orthodontic retainer onto teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A vacuum-formed orthodontic retainer is a removable dental appliance fitted onto teeth; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available ICHI code but is broader as it does not distinguish removable vs. fixed devices nor specify orthodontic retention purpose.
311887001 (Insertion of vaginal cesium applicators)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC captures insertion of a device into the vagina but does not specify that the device is a radioactive cesium applicator used for intracavitary brachytherapy; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal vaginal device.
232930003 (Inspection of implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI (Truncal valve)There is no specific ICHI code for inspection of an implanted truncal valve — only therapeutic codes (replacement, repair, dilatation) exist; the parent category HDI is the closest available anchor but is considerably broader than the act of inspecting an implanted device.
225114009 (Inspection of stump)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for stump inspection; PZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, NEC) uses the AE inspection action axis applied to an unspecified body site and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an amputation stump.
236974004 (Instrumental delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI has no specific code for instrumental (forceps or vacuum) vaginal delivery; NME.JF.AC is broader since it encompasses all vaginal deliveries regardless of whether instruments are used.
107881001 (Integumentary system destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue across all body regions not classified elsewhere; it is slightly wider because it does not encompass destruction of integumentary appendages (nails, hair) covered in separate ICHI codes.
107877001 (Integumentary system incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.FA.AA is the only ICHI incision code for the integumentary system at the NEC level and broadly matches the SNOMED grouper for integumentary incision; it is slightly wider as it absorbs all unspecified body regions.
119828008 (Integumentary system repair)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue without a more specific site qualifier; it is technically wider because "integumentary system" in SNOMED also encompasses deeper structures (nails, hair, glands) beyond skin and subcutaneous tissue alone.
786900002 (Intense pulsed light therapy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a specific form of phototherapy applied to skin; LZZ.SC.AH is the NEC phototherapy-to-skin code and encompasses IPL alongside other phototherapy modalities, making the ICHI code broader.
719217005 (Interbody fusion of lumbar spine by anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine via an open approach but does not distinguish anterior interbody, posterior interbody, or posterolateral fusion techniques, making the ICHI code broader.
232656008 (Intercostal puncture of lung bulla)maps to wider conceptJBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung)JBF.JB.AE encodes puncture of lung parenchyma via a percutaneous (intercostal) approach but does not capture the specificity of the target being a lung bulla rather than general lung parenchyma.
439963007 (Interdependence psychosocial approach)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)"Interdependence psychosocial approach" maps most closely to counselling interventions targeting global psychosocial functions; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of counselling on psychosocial functions rather than the specific interdependence framework.
72255009 (Interleukin-2 therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)ICHI does not have a specific code for interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) or any cytokine/immunotherapy; the best available match is the generic "Providing medications" code, substantially broader but the closest classifiable intervention.
183000004 (Intermediate nursing care)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no code specific to nursing care levels or step-down care; the nearest classifiable concept is "Providing health services, systems and policies," which is much wider, encompassing all health service provision.
1186736008 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure-control and pressure-support)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI encodes only a single category for artificial ventilation under "Interventions on respiratory function" and does not differentiate ventilator modes such as IMV, pressure-control, or pressure-support; the SNOMED concept is far more granular than anything ICHI can represent.
1186742007 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure-control and assured constant airway pressure adjunct)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's single "Artificial ventilation" code is the only available match; the highly specific ventilator mode described has no ICHI equivalent, making this a very broad mapping.
243159008 (Intermittent negative pressure ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for mechanical ventilatory support; it covers artificial ventilation broadly without distinguishing positive from negative pressure or intermittent from continuous delivery modes.
439149000 (Intermittent phototherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)PZA.SC.AH is the closest match as a whole-body phototherapy code (used clinically for conditions like neonatal jaundice where intermittent phototherapy is applied), but it does not capture the intermittent delivery pattern.
387727008 (Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatment)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code applicable to pressure-assisted breathing interventions; it does not distinguish IPPB as a short-term respiratory therapy technique from sustained mechanical ventilation, making it semantically wider.
81855008 (Internal fetal monitoring during labor)maps to wider conceptNMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)NMR.AI.AC captures internal fetal monitoring precisely but does not specify "during labor" as a context constraint, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly scoped to the intrapartum setting.
426580006 (Internal tamponade of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI has no dedicated code for retinal tamponade (intraocular gas or silicone oil instillation); BCC.MK.AA is the closest assignable code and encompasses the functional intent of tamponade as a retinal repair technique but is broader as it covers all methods of retinal repair.
233385001 (Interposition arterial graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)Interposition grafting is a specific form of arterial reconstruction; IZA.ML.AA captures it as its broader category but encompasses all arterial reconstruction techniques and does not specify the arterial site, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
271566004 (Interposition of vein)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "interposition of vein" code; the ML (reconstruction/graft) action on the NEC blood vessel target is the closest available code, but it is broader because it encompasses all vessel types and all reconstruction techniques, not specifically vein interposition.
414526004 (Interposition procedure of intestine)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified)Intestinal interposition (e.g., jejunal interposition) involves rerouting and anastomosing a bowel segment, and "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified" is the closest available ICHI code; however, it is broader as it covers any intestinal anastomosis, not specifically the interposition technique.
169361008 (Interstitial brachytherapy to brain using seed)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into brain)Brachytherapy seed implantation into brain tissue is a percutaneous insertion of a radioactive device into the brain, making AAA.DL.AE the closest structural match; however, ICHI does not encode the radioactive/brachytherapy nature of the device, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
429169004 (Interstitial laser destruction of lesion of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast without incision)Interstitial laser ablation is performed without open incision, matching the AH (without incision) means axis for breast destruction; however, ICHI does not specify laser as the modality for breast, so the ICHI code is broader.
8667008 (Intertrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally, encompassing the intertrochanteric region; however, ICHI does not have a combined code for osteotomy with simultaneous internal fixation and cast application, so the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific than the ICHI code.
1208442000 (Intervention to support parenting)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VEJ (Interventions on parenting behaviours)The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any supportive parenting intervention, which aligns with the ICHI block "Interventions on parenting behaviours"; a block-level code is used because the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category and the block encompasses assessment, counselling, training, advocacy, and more.
235398007 (Intra-abdominal manipulation of GIT)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)ICHI has intra-abdominal manipulation codes for specific GIT segments but no single code covering the entire GIT; the SNOMED concept refers to manipulation of the GIT as a whole, so the block "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract" is the best fit, being wider than any segment-specific code.
765813009 (Intracavitary brachytherapy of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the oral cavity; KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction of the oral cavity by any means and is the broadest applicable code in the mouth/pharynx block, wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify intracavitary brachytherapy.
67119003 (Intracranial aneurysmectomy with graft replacement)maps to wider conceptIAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of intracranial artery)ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysmectomy code; IAA.ML.AA is the closest match because it covers open surgical reconstruction including graft replacement of the intracranial artery, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies aneurysmectomy as the reason for the reconstruction.
230979000 (Intracranial bony decompression of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)AAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve, open approach) is the best available ICHI match as "release" in ICHI encompasses decompression of a nerve; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the bony/osseous nature of the decompression.
230956001 (Intracranial destruction of trigeminal ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)The trigeminal ganglion is the sensory ganglion of cranial nerve V; ICHI has no dedicated trigeminal ganglion destruction code, so AAN.GA.AA is the closest match but is broader, covering any cranial nerve rather than specifically the trigeminal ganglion.
230896003 (Intracranial vascular operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IAA (Interventions on intracranial artery)No single ICHI assignable category covers all intracranial vascular operations; the block "Interventions on intracranial artery" is the most relevant organisational grouping and is used here as a block-level mapping since the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category.
180244008 (Intramuscular immunotherapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)DTB.DB.AE is the closest ICHI code for administering an immunological agent parenterally, but the means axis value AE (percutaneous) is broader than the intramuscular route specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI has no distinct intramuscular means value for immunological agent administration.
232508007 (Intranasal frontal recess dissection)maps to wider conceptJAG.FA.AD (Endoscopic frontal sinusotomy)The frontal recess is the drainage pathway leading into the frontal sinus, and intranasal dissection of it is the key step of endoscopic frontal sinusotomy; JAG.FA.AD captures the endoscopic intranasal approach to opening the frontal sinus outflow tract, though it is broader as it encompasses the full sinusotomy.
782643005 (Intranasal phototherapy)maps to wider conceptLAA.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no specific code for intranasal (nasal mucosa) phototherapy; the broadest available anatomical match is phototherapy to the head or neck region (LAA.SC.AH), which subsumes the nasal cavity but is considerably wider than the intranasal-specific SNOMED concept.
1351720003 (Intraoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography by direct puncture with contrast)maps to wider conceptKCM.BA.BB (Cholangiography with contrast medium)KCM.BA.BB covers the core procedure — bile duct imaging using contrast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies fluoroscopic modality, direct puncture access route, and intraoperative context; ICHI has no code capturing all three specifics simultaneously.
175882004 (Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LG.AF is the most generic transluminal arterial dilatation code in ICHI and captures the core procedure when the specific vessel is not specified, aligning with the non-vessel-specific SNOMED concept; it is coded as percutaneous (means AF) rather than intraoperative open, making it slightly broader in approach.
238312005 (Intraperitoneal insemination)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)ICHI has no specific code for intraperitoneal insemination; the closest match is the generic peritoneal injection code KMA.DB.AE, which is broader, covering any injected substance into the peritoneal cavity, not specifically semen as a reproductive act.
1362009006 (Intraperitoneal parenteral nutrition)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.AC (Intracavity administration of nutritional substance)PZA.DA.AC captures administration of a nutritional substance into a body cavity, which aligns with the intraperitoneal route of parenteral nutrition; however, the ICHI code is broader, applying to any body cavity and not specifying the peritoneal cavity.
238310002 (Intraperitoneal reinfusion of ascites)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)ICHI has no specific code for reinfusion of ascitic fluid back into the peritoneal cavity; the generic peritoneal injection code KMA.DB.AE is the closest structural match, but it is broader and does not capture the specific autologous reinfusion nature of the SNOMED concept.
1366377002 (Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation therapy)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation is a specific percussive high-frequency airway clearance technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of artificial ventilation; no dedicated IPV or percussive ventilation code exists in ICHI.
182522007 (Intrauterine catheterization)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)Catheterization of the uterus is a specific instance of device insertion into the uterus via a transcervical approach, which is what NME.DL.AC represents, but the ICHI code covers any device type and is thus broader than a catheter-specific procedure.
392231009 (Intravenous cannulation)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)Intravenous cannulation (inserting a peripheral IV cannula into a vein) is a specific instance of percutaneous device insertion into a vein, but the ICHI code encompasses any device inserted into any vein by percutaneous transluminal approach, making it broader than the specific act of peripheral IV cannulation.
180223008 (Intravenous immunotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI represents all intravenous drug administration under "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal" regardless of drug class, so it correctly captures the IV route but is broader than immunotherapy specifically, as it covers any pharmacotherapy administered by that route.
344994008 (Intraventricular pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF is the closest ICHI code covering transvenous (endocardial) temporary pacemaker insertion, which corresponds to the intraventricular pacing route, but the ICHI code encompasses the full system insertion rather than describing the pacing modality (intraventricular) specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
421422004 (Intravitreal fluid air exchange)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE covers injection into the vitreous body, but a fluid-air exchange is a distinct surgical manoeuvre (aspirating fluid while replacing with air/gas) rather than a simple injection; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific exchange procedure, making the injection code broader than the concept.
231777002 (Intravitreal tamponade)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)Intravitreal tamponade involves injecting a filling agent (gas bubble or silicone oil) into the vitreous cavity to support retinal reattachment; BCD.DB.AE captures the intravitreal injection act but does not encode the tamponade purpose or agent, making it a wider match.
1295415001 (Introduction into skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AE is the best available ICHI code for introducing a substance into skin/subcutaneous tissue without a more specific body-region qualifier; it is slightly broader as it includes subcutaneous tissue and specifies "injection" rather than the more general "introduction," and the NEC qualifier indicates residual scope.
1284939008 (Introduction into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AE covers injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying body region, which broadly aligns with the SNOMED concept of introducing a substance into subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it is a residual NEC category encompassing all unspecified sites of skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on subcutaneous tissue as the target (without skin), and does not specify the nature of the substance introduced.
238309007 (Introduction of antibiotic into peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)KMA.DB.AE precisely covers injection (introduction of a substance) into the peritoneal cavity, which is the correct anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict the injected substance to antibiotics — it covers any injection into the peritoneal cavity — whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an antibiotic agent.
179272002 (Introduction of destructive substance into bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.DB.AE (Injection into bone of unspecified site)MRB.DB.AE represents injection into bone at an unspecified site, which correctly captures the action (percutaneous introduction of a substance) and target (bone), and is the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict the injected substance to a destructive agent — it covers any injection into bone — whereas the SNOMED concept specifically implies a chemical ablative or necrotising substance.
176860004 (Introduction of radioactive substance into uterine cavity)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)NME.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the uterus via the vaginal route, which is the standard approach for intracavitary brachytherapy applicators or radioactive sources; however, ICHI does not have a code that specifies the radioactive nature of the substance being introduced, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
314203006 (Introduction of seprafilm)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)Seprafilm is an adhesion barrier placed within the abdominal/peritoneal cavity during surgery; KMA.DN.AA for implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity is the closest match, as ICHI lacks a specific code for adhesion barrier or bioresorbable membrane placement. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any implanted device and does not distinguish Seprafilm or other anti-adhesion materials.
720649006 (Introduction of urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD describes insertion of a device into the urinary bladder (endoscopically/transurethrally), which is the standard route and destination for urinary catheter insertion; however, the ICHI code encompasses any device, not just a catheter, and does not distinguish initial insertion from replacement. The match is close but the ICHI code is broader in device type.
447996002 (Intubation of respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJZZ.DL.AC (Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified)JZZ.DL.AC explicitly covers intubation of the respiratory tract at the broad level (sitting directly under BlockL3-JAA, the respiratory system block), making it semantically equivalent in target and action; however, because it carries the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier and does not distinguish specific sites (trachea vs. larynx vs. bronchus), it is marginally wider than the SNOMED concept.
1258985005 (Invasive mechanical ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest ICHI code for mechanical ventilatory support, sitting under "Interventions on respiratory function." However, it does not distinguish invasive (endotracheal/tracheostomy-based) from non-invasive ventilation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the invasive modality.
235314005 (Inversion appendectomy)maps to wider conceptKBO.JK.AA (Appendicectomy)KBO.JK.AA (Appendicectomy) covers removal of the appendix as a general open procedure, which is the operative goal of an inversion appendectomy. ICHI does not encode the specific inversion (intussusception/purse-string) technique used to bury the stump, making the ICHI code broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept.
252936002 (Investigations for female infertility)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) sits under "Interventions on functions related to fertility" in the genitourinary chapter and aligns well with the investigative/diagnostic intent of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers fertility assessment in general (not female-specific), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to female infertility workup.
164827003 (Investigations for male infertility)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)NUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fertility functions broadly across both sexes and does not specify male infertility investigations as a targeted bundle. The ICHI code is wider in scope — it lacks the male-specificity and the investigative workup framing of the SNOMED concept.
228698009 (Iodine 131 therapy)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)EBA.GA.BE is specific to radioactive iodine ablation of the thyroid gland, which is the overwhelmingly predominant clinical use of I-131 therapy. However, the SNOMED concept "Iodine 131 therapy" is slightly broader in that I-131 can also be used for thyroid cancer metastases or other targets beyond the thyroid gland itself; classified as wider because SNOMED's term is not restricted to the thyroid whereas ICHI anchors it to the thyroid gland.
53587000 (Irrigation of indwelling urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.JA.AC (Irrigation of urinary bladder)NAI.JA.AC represents irrigation of the urinary bladder, which is the functional equivalent of irrigating an indwelling urinary catheter (the catheter being the means of access), but the ICHI code does not distinguish catheter irrigation from other forms of bladder irrigation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the indwelling catheter context.
1258878005 (Irrigation of Tenckhoff catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JA.AE (Percutaneous irrigation of peritoneal cavity)A Tenckhoff catheter is a percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter; irrigating it constitutes a percutaneous irrigation of the peritoneal cavity, but KMA.JA.AE covers the broader act of peritoneal cavity irrigation and does not specifically convey catheter flushing/maintenance as its clinical intent.
275823006 (Isolation nursing)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)Isolation nursing is a nursing practice of caring for a patient under infection-control precautions, which aligns closely with PZB.VE.ZZ, but the ICHI code is broader (covering any isolation of a person for infection control) and does not specifically encode the nursing-care component.
169138002 (Isotope distribution static scan)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code for a static planar radioisotope scan, but it specifically denotes a whole-body scan, whereas the SNOMED concept refers more generally to a static isotope distribution scan that may target any body region; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope while narrower in imaging modality specificity.
169123003 (Isotope uptake/excretion studies)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)"Isotope uptake/excretion studies" is a broad category covering radioisotope-based functional studies across any body site; the closest general ICHI code is "Radioisotope scan of whole body" (PZA.BA.BE), which is body-site non-specific but represents nuclear/radioisotope imaging as a class. The ICHI code is wider because it covers imaging rather than functional uptake/excretion measurement specifically.
265703000 (Jaw and temporomandibular joint operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAJ (Interventions on joint of head or neck)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for all surgical operations on the jaw and TMJ; ICHI does not have a single umbrella code for this grouping, but the block "Interventions on joint of head or neck" (BlockL5-MAJ) — which contains all TMJ-specific ICHI procedure codes — is the appropriate structural match. The block is wider than the jaw-specific subset implied by the SNOMED term.
243766004 (Jugular vein sampling catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)Jugular vein sampling via catheter is a selective venous blood collection technique; ICHI has no code capturing the jugular/petrosal venous route or catheter-based selective venous sampling specifically, so "Specimen collection of blood" (DIA.AH.XA) is the best available match covering the core purpose of the procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the jugular vein target, the catheterization technique, or the clinical context.
1370935004 (Keratolimbal allograft)maps to wider conceptBBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)Keratolimbal allograft is a specific type of ocular surface reconstruction transplanting limbal stem cells together with conjunctival and corneal tissue from a donor — a subset of transplantation procedures on the anterior segment. ICHI's BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant) is the closest available code but is broader as it does not capture the limbal specificity.
40792007 (Kristeller maneuver)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)The Kristeller maneuver is the application of sustained fundal pressure on the uterus to assist expulsion of the fetus during the second stage of vaginal labour. NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery) is the closest contextual match as the maneuver is a component action within vaginal delivery, but the ICHI code is considerably broader and does not distinguish this specific mechanical assistance method.
410343006 (Lab findings case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Lab findings case management" is a specific sub-type of case management focused on coordinating care based on laboratory results; PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, covering all case management regardless of the triggering clinical data.
410299006 (Lab findings education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is the combined triad of education, guidance, and counselling specifically prompted by laboratory findings; PZB.PP.ZZ covers general counselling (not elsewhere classified) and is the best available ICHI category, but is broader as it does not specify the lab-findings trigger or distinguish education and guidance from counselling.
287229008 (Lacrimal calculus removal)maps to wider conceptBAD.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus)ICHI has no dedicated code for lacrimal calculus (dacryolith) extraction; BAD.JD.AA for removal of foreign body from lacrimal apparatus is the best available fit, but it is broader as it encompasses any foreign body or device removal rather than being specific to calculus extraction.
83694000 (Lamellar keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)BBB.ML.AA maps to keratoplasty in general; lamellar keratoplasty is a specific technique where only partial-thickness corneal layers are transplanted (as opposed to penetrating/full-thickness keratoplasty), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
311602008 (Language promotion therapy)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)"Language promotion therapy" is a therapeutic intervention aimed at developing/improving language function, which aligns best with training of mental functions of language; however, ICHI's code is broader, covering any training of language mental functions rather than the specific promotional/therapeutic framing of the SNOMED concept.
1217319002 (Laparoscopic adrenalectomy using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptEBC.JK.AB (Endoscopic adrenalectomy)ICHI's "Endoscopic adrenalectomy" covers laparoscopic adrenalectomy but does not distinguish robotic assistance from standard laparoscopic technique; ICHI has no dedicated robotic-assisted code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1186996000 (Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter to urinary bladder with psoas hitch using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AB (Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter)NAE.LB.AB covers laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis in general but does not capture the specific destination (urinary bladder), the psoas hitch technique, or robotic assistance, making the ICHI code substantially broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
63343006 (Laparoscopic biopsy of uterine ligaments)maps to wider conceptNME.AD.AB (Laparoscopic biopsy of uterus)ICHI has no dedicated code for biopsy of uterine ligaments; the closest available code is laparoscopic biopsy of the uterus, which targets the uterus proper rather than its supporting ligaments, making it a broader match with imperfect anatomical alignment.
446450009 (Laparoscopic diathermy of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of ovary)ICHI captures the laparoscopic approach and destructive action on the ovary, but "destruction of ovary" encompasses all destructive modalities (diathermy, laser, cryotherapy, etc.) and does not distinguish diathermy as the specific means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1163245005 (Laparoscopic excision of leiomyoma of uterus using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptNME.JI.AB (Laparoscopic local excision of lesion of uterus)The code captures the laparoscopic local excision of a uterine lesion (leiomyoma qualifies as a lesion of uterus), but the robotic assistance component is absent from the base code — it would require the ICHI extension XG5Z48 "With robotic assistance" to fully represent the SNOMED concept.
1288030001 (Laparoscopic ileal replacement of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of ureter)Laparoscopic reconstruction of the ureter is the best available ICHI code and correctly captures the approach and reconstructive action, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the replacement conduit is ileum (intestinal segment).
416155004 (Laparoscopic laser destruction of endometriosis)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of peritoneal tissue)Endometriosis implants targeted in this procedure are peritoneal tissue, and the laparoscopic approach and destructive action are both captured; however, the code is broader because it does not specify laser as the means nor endometriosis as the specific tissue pathology being treated.
782835002 (Laparoscopic pectopexy using mesh)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AB (Laparoscopic uterine suspension)Pectopexy is a specific variant of laparoscopic uterine/vaginal suspension that uses mesh fixation to the pectineal ligament; NME.LC.AB is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, as it does not capture the pectopexy technique specifically nor the use of mesh.
712998006 (Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptNAA.JL.AB (Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy)NAA.JL.AB is a direct match for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, but ICHI does not encode the robotic assistance modality at this code level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robotic assistance.
782655004 (Laparoscopic transplant of kidney using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptNAA.KD.AB (Laparoscopic kidney transplantation)NAA.KD.AB directly matches laparoscopic kidney transplantation but does not encode the robotic assistance component specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
61893009 (Laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy with oophorectomy)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AB (Laparoscopic removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AB captures the laparoscopic removal of the ectopic pregnancy but does not encode the concurrent oophorectomy (removal of the ovary) that is explicit in the SNOMED concept; the additional surgical step makes the ICHI code broader.
63596003 (Laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy with salpingectomy)maps to wider conceptNMC.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total salpingectomy)The SNOMED concept specifies that the salpingectomy is performed as treatment for an ectopic pregnancy, whereas NMC.JK.AB is a general laparoscopic total salpingectomy with no indication constraint; the ICHI code is wider because it lacks the ectopic pregnancy context.
446652009 (Laparotomy and decompression of intestine)maps to wider conceptPAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for intestinal decompression via laparotomy; the closest match is PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy), which captures the open abdominal approach but omits the specific intestinal decompression action, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
35441003 (Laryngeal catheterization)maps to wider conceptJAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)JAN.DL.AC is the best available ICHI match for laryngeal catheterization, as both describe placing an instrument or device into the larynx. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device insertion (stent, tube, implant) rather than specifically a catheter.
45353001 (Laryngoplasty for laryngeal stenosis with graft)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)"Reconstruction of larynx" is the closest ICHI concept to laryngoplasty (surgical reshaping/rebuilding of the larynx), but the ICHI code does not specify the stenosis indication or the use of a graft, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
61052000 (Laryngoplasty with open reduction of fracture)maps to wider conceptJAN.MK.AA (Repair of larynx)"Repair of larynx" (open approach) best represents the open laryngeal repair component of this procedure, but ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal fracture open reduction nor for the combined laryngoplasty aspect, making the match broader than the SNOMED concept.
55251006 (Laryngotomy with removal of laryngocele)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)Removal of a laryngocele (a benign sac-like outpouching of the laryngeal saccule) maps best to local excision of lesion of larynx, but the ICHI code does not capture the laryngotomy (open incision) approach or the specific pathology (laryngocele), making it broader.
236950002 (Laser ablation of anastomosing vessels in placenta)maps to wider conceptNMM.GA.AB (Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta)NMM.GA.AB covers endoscopic destruction of placental vessels, which aligns with the clinical intent (fetoscopic laser ablation of anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser modality or that the target vessels are anastomosing vessels specifically.
429017006 (Laser ablation of long saphenous vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)IFD.GA.AF captures endovenous (intraluminal) destruction of a lower limb vein, matching the clinical procedure (endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the great/long saphenous vein as the target or laser as the means.
118164001 (Laser ablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for destructive intervention on the prostate; it does not specify the laser approach or route (transurethral in typical laser ablation practice), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
233162008 (Laser ablation operation for arrhythmia)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AA represents ablation of the cardiac conduction system, the structural target in arrhythmia ablation procedures. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser means and uses "conduction system" rather than the arrhythmia indication.
312965008 (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis)maps to wider conceptBBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)LASIK involves laser-assisted stromal ablation (partial excision/reshaping of corneal tissue), and BBB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI category; no specific refractive surgery or keratomileusis code exists in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any partial corneal excision and does not specify the laser-flap technique that defines LASIK.
176776004 (Laser cone biopsy of cervix uteri)maps to wider conceptNMF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of cervix)A cone biopsy (conization) of the cervix is a specific form of local excision of cervical tissue, and NMF.JI.AC (transvaginal local excision of lesion of cervix) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it does not specify the cone/conical excision shape, the laser technique, or the diagnostic-excision nature of the procedure.
300595006 (Laser destruction of lesion of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)NMF.GA.AC captures destruction of a lesion of the cervix performed via a transvaginal approach, matching the target and action axes precisely; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means.
427343005 (Laser destruction of lesion of external nose)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The external nose is a skin/subcutaneous surface structure of the head, and ICHI has no code for destruction of a lesion specifically on the external nose; LAA.GA.AH is the best fit, though broader in target (head/neck vs. external nose) and not specifying laser.
176679004 (Laser destruction of lesion of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)The ICHI code matches the target (vagina), action (destruction), and lesion specificity, but the means axis does not distinguish laser from other destructive modalities (cryotherapy, electrocautery), making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept.
178669008 (Laser discectomy)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AB (Endoscopic excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no level-unspecified laser discectomy code; MBV.JJ.AB covers endoscopic disc excision at an unspecified spinal level and is the closest match, but "endoscopic" does not fully capture the laser-specific means.
173426007 (Laser excision of bilateral tonsils)maps to wider conceptDAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy)Tonsillectomy is conventionally a bilateral procedure and aligns well with "laser excision of bilateral tonsils" for the target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the laser means and subsumes all tonsillectomy techniques.
236875004 (Laser excision of lesion of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of cervix)The ICHI code precisely matches the target (cervix uteri), action (local excision), and scope (lesion), but the transvaginal means axis does not distinguish laser from other excision techniques.
176675005 (Laser excision of septum of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.FB.AC (Division of vaginal septum)Division of vaginal septum covers the same anatomical target and surgical goal (removing the vaginal septum) but does not specify the laser means, making it broader than the means-specific SNOMED concept.
307277009 (Laser surgery of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.GA.AC captures destruction of the oral cavity, but covers any destructive modality — not laser specifically — and is scoped to the oral cavity NEC rather than the full mouth. No more granular mouth-specific destruction code exists in ICHI.
287587008 (Laser therapy of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)Laser therapy of a bladder lesion is almost always performed transurethrally (cystoscopically), making NAI.GA.AD the closest structural match; the ICHI code covers any transurethral destructive modality and does not specify laser.
231595002 (Laser therapy to lesion of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)BAA.GA.AH directly encodes destruction of a lesion of the eyelid; the means axis is consistent with external laser application, but the code covers any destructive technique and is therefore broader than laser-specific therapy.
398088007 (Laser treatment of esophageal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Laser treatment of an oesophageal lesion is performed endoscopically, and KBA.GA.AD encodes that approach at the correct anatomical target; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all endoscopic destructive modalities.
235234009 (Laser treatment of gastric lesion)maps to wider conceptKBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)Laser treatment of a gastric lesion is performed endoscopically, matching the approach in KBF.GA.AD; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all endoscopic destructive modalities at the stomach.
235300005 (Laser treatment of lesion of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures destruction of a small intestine lesion but does not specify laser as the means (the code uses the generic open approach AA), so the ICHI code is broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept.
360810000 (Laser urethrotomy)maps to wider conceptNAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy)NAM.FA.AA is a direct match for urethrotomy but does not specify laser as the technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically designates laser as the modality.
173416000 (Laser uvulectomy and palatal scarring)maps to wider conceptKAS.JK.AA (Total excision of uvula)KAS.JK.AA covers the uvulectomy component but does not capture the palatal scarring element of this combined procedure, nor does it specify laser as the means, making the ICHI code broader and incomplete relative to the SNOMED concept.
60953002 (Lateral canthopexy)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI has no specific code for canthopexy (surgical fixation of the lateral canthus); the closest available code is repair of eyelid, which is a broader category encompassing the anatomical region but not specific to the lateral canthal tendon fixation procedure.
84473004 (Lateral cervical puncture with injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)Lateral cervical puncture (a C1-C2 / suboccipital approach) with injection targets the spinal canal/subarachnoid space, making ABG.DB.AE the closest available code. ICHI does not have a dedicated lateral/cervical-level puncture code, so the spinal canal injection code is broader.
231666002 (Lateral rectus Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)The Faden operation (posterior fixation suture) anchors the lateral rectus muscle to the sclera to create a mechanical disadvantage — a form of ocular muscle fixation. BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles broadly and does not distinguish the specific Faden technique or the individual muscle involved.
174378003 (Laying open perianal abscess)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)Laying open (unroofing) a perianal abscess is achieved through incision of the perianal tissue, aligning with KBX.FA.AA. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any incision of anus and perianal tissue regardless of indication and does not encode the "laying open" drainage intent.
401215001 (Left brachial Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptICA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of upper limb)The brachial artery is an artery of the upper limb, and Doppler pressure measurement is performed via ultrasound, making ICA.BA.BJ the best structural match; however, ICHI does not distinguish the brachial artery specifically, does not encode "Doppler pressure" as distinct from general ultrasound, and laterality (left) would require an extension code.
401217009 (Left dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)The dorsalis pedis artery is an artery of the lower limb (foot), and Doppler pressure measurement uses ultrasound, making IFA.BA.BJ the best structural match; ICHI does not have a code specific to the dorsalis pedis artery, does not encode Doppler pressure separately, and left laterality would require an extension code.
401219007 (Left posterior tibial Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)The posterior tibial artery is an artery of the lower limb, and Doppler pressure measurement uses ultrasound, making IFA.BA.BJ the best structural match; ICHI does not distinguish the posterior tibial artery specifically, and laterality plus Doppler-pressure specificity are lost at this ICHI level.
410300003 (Legal system education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptUEJ.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies)UEJ.PM.ZZ captures education directed at legal services/systems, which aligns with the educational component of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the guidance and counselling dimensions separately, so this code is broader than the full SNOMED intent and covers only the education facet.
448937006 (Lengthening of bone of extremity)maps to wider conceptMRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)MRB.LK.AA covers limb lengthening at an unspecified site (extremity bone), which is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept. It is technically wider as it is the residual "unspecified site" category rather than a precise anatomical specification.
312050005 (Liaising with agency)maps to wider conceptUEP.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to health services, systems and policies)Liaising with an agency is a specific form of inter-organisational collaboration; UEP.TD.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader, covering all forms of collaboration with health-system entities rather than being limited to a specific liaison act with a single agency.
1155751004 (Liaising with caregiver on management of medication regime)maps to wider conceptUAC.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to medications)UAC.TD.ZZ directly captures collaboration centred on medications, which aligns with the core purpose of liaising with a caregiver about a medication regime; however, it is broader in that it does not specify the caregiver as the collaboration partner or restrict the scope to medication management planning.
709758008 (Liaising with education service)maps to wider conceptUEQ.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to education and training services, systems and policies)UEQ.TD.ZZ captures collaboration directed at education and training services, which maps closely to liaising with an education service; it is wider because it encompasses all forms of collaboration at the system/policy level rather than a specific liaison act between a health provider and an education service.
709753004 (Liaising with social worker)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the best available ICHI match, as liaising with a social worker is typically a component of coordinating a patient's overall care and social needs. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of care coordination across providers and disciplines, not just social work liaison specifically.
225060009 (Lifestyle screening)maps to wider conceptVE1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)ICHI does not have a specific "lifestyle screening" code; VE1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of lifestyle behaviours in general, which is the closest match but is broader — "assessment" in ICHI encompasses various evaluation approaches beyond screening specifically.
77543007 (Ligation of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)Ligation of the fallopian tube is a specific method of occlusion, so NMC.LA.AA is the best ICHI match but is broader — it covers any occlusion technique (ligation, clips, rings, electrocoagulation), not ligation specifically. There is no ligation-specific fallopian tube code in ICHI.
30562002 (Ligation of gastric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI does not have a code specific to the gastric artery; the LA action axis represents occlusion (which encompasses ligation as a surgical technique), but the target covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the gastric artery specifically. The ICHI code is therefore broader on the target axis.
1230401003 (Ligation of ileocolic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The ileocolic artery is an abdominal artery and ligation is a form of occlusion, so IEA.LA.AA captures the correct action and broad target domain, but ICHI lacks a dedicated code for the ileocolic artery, making this a broader match on the target axis.
395137006 (Ligation of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal/pelvic artery group, and ligation is a surgical method of occlusion, but ICHI provides no code at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery specifically, so the target axis is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1231339000 (Ligation of left colic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery and therefore an abdominal artery; ICHI subsumes ligation under occlusion (LA action), but the target is far broader than the specific left colic artery, giving a wider equivalence.
446599005 (Ligation of maxillary artery by transantral approach and epistaxis control)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC captures the epistaxis control outcome and is the closest functional match in ICHI for this procedure, but it does not encode the specific technique (transantral ligation of the maxillary artery); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any means of controlling epistaxis rather than specifying the transantral maxillary artery ligation approach.
1231338008 (Ligation of middle colic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The middle colic artery is an abdominal artery branch, and ICHI groups all abdominal or pelvic artery occlusion/ligation under the single code IEA.LA.AA without distinguishing individual branches; this is a structural match but at a coarser granularity than the SNOMED concept.
1231340003 (Ligation of right colic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The right colic artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI does not distinguish individual colic artery branches; IEA.LA.AA is the appropriate grouping code and covers the ligation action (LA axis), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right colic artery specifically.
450564005 (Ligation of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI has no separate code for it; IEA.LA.AA represents ligation or occlusion of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is the best available match, though it is broader as it does not specify the superior mesenteric artery.
64609000 (Linear repair of laceration of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyelid in general, encompassing the specific procedure of linear (suture) repair of an eyelid laceration. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the wound type (laceration) or repair technique (linear/suture), so the SNOMED concept is narrower within this category.
183281008 (Lip-reading training)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)Lip-reading (speechreading) is a technique used specifically to decode spoken language by visually interpreting lip and facial movements, and it falls squarely within the domain of receiving spoken messages; SEA.PH.ZZ is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any training modality for receiving spoken messages, not exclusively the lip-reading technique.
134350008 (Lipid-lowering therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)ICHI has no specific code for lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy — "Providing medications" is the closest match as it captures the act of supplying/prescribing a medication class, but it is far broader, covering all drugs rather than specifically lipid-lowering agents.
302441008 (Liposuction of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.LL.AE (Liposuction, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific liposuction codes by anatomical region (face/neck, abdomen, upper limb, lower limb), but none for generic "subcutaneous tissue" across all sites; the NEC residual code LZZ.LL.AE captures the procedure type when the exact body region is unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue generally.
225673009 (Listening for feedback whistle of hearing aid)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)Listening for a hearing aid's feedback whistle is a functional check of the hearing aid device, a concept that has no dedicated ICHI code; the best available match is CTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions), which is considerably broader, as it covers any assessment related to hearing rather than specifically checking hearing aid device performance.
736155004 (Liver failure education)maps to wider conceptKT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for education specifically targeting liver failure or hepatic function; KT2.PM.ZZ covers education about digestive system functions broadly, which subsumes liver failure education, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept.
1208351009 (Lobectomy of thyroid gland using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptEBA.JJ.AA (Partial thyroidectomy)Thyroid lobectomy (hemithyroidectomy) is a form of partial thyroidectomy, which EBA.JJ.AA represents; the robotic assistance aspect would be captured by an ICHI extension code. As a base code EBA.JJ.AA is wider as it covers all partial thyroidectomies regardless of technique, and ICHI has no dedicated lobectomy-specific code.
230972009 (Local anesthetic cranial nerve ganglion block)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)ICHI has no dedicated code for injection of anaesthetic into a cranial nerve ganglion specifically; AAN.DC.AE covers the cranial nerve broadly, which includes the nerve and its ganglion, making this code wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept.
303356007 (Local anesthetic nerve block around spinal cord meninges)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)A nerve block "around spinal cord meninges" corresponds to injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (epidural or intrathecal), which is exactly what ABG.DC.AE represents. The ICHI code is marginally wider in that it does not specify the precise anatomical relation to the meninges (epidural vs. intrathecal), but it is the closest available match.
303357003 (Local anesthetic sympathetic nerve block)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI provides specific anaesthetic injection codes for sympathetic nerves only by spinal region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral), but no single code covering sympathetic nerve block without specifying a region. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code and is the best parent-level match, though it is broader and does not capture the anaesthetic injection action.
304099003 (Local transposition flap)maps to wider conceptXG1UU3 (Local flap)XG1UU3 "Local flap" is an ICHI extension code (additional descriptive information) covering any flap harvested from adjacent tissue, which encompasses the transposition subtype; however, it does not distinguish a transposition flap from other local flap techniques (rotation, advancement), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1179616009 (Localization of sentinel lymph node using methylene blue)maps to wider conceptDFA.BA.ZZ (Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for sentinel lymph node localization or for vital-dye (methylene blue) injection techniques; DFA.BA.ZZ covers lymphatic imaging/mapping of unspecified lymph nodes and is the closest available category, but it is broader because it does not specify the sentinel node concept or the dye-based means.
1179618005 (Localization of sentinel lymph node using patent blue V)maps to wider conceptDFA.BA.ZZ (Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified)Identical clinical intent to the methylene blue concept — a vital dye is injected to identify the sentinel lymph node — and the same reasoning applies; DFA.BA.ZZ is the broadest available lymphatic imaging code but does not capture the sentinel node concept or the specific dye used.
1179623005 (Localization of sentinel lymph node using radioactive isotope)maps to wider conceptDFA.BA.ZZ (Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified)Lymphoscintigraphy with a radioactive tracer to detect the sentinel node is a form of lymphatic imaging/mapping, best accommodated by DFA.BA.ZZ (lymphogram, NEC); ICHI lacks a specific radionuclide lymphatic mapping code, so this is a wider match that does not capture the radioactive-isotope means or the sentinel-node-specific target.
398213004 (Log roll)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)A log roll is a specific technique for turning a patient as a rigid unit (typically to protect spinal alignment), which is a form of performing the task of changing body position; SHA.RA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is wider as it covers all body-position changes and does not encode the spinal-precaution or coordinated-team aspects of a log roll.
313078004 (Loss counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)Loss counseling (support for grief, bereavement, or other significant losses) is a form of counseling directed at the whole person; ICHI has no dedicated code for grief or loss-focused counseling, so PZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, NEC) is the best available match, though it is broader and does not specify the loss/bereavement focus.
236981006 (Lovset's maneuver)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)Lovset's maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering impacted arms/shoulders in a breech birth by rotating the fetus, which is a type of fetal rotation. NMR.LD.AC covers fetal rotation broadly (including other techniques), making it wider than the specific Lovset procedure.
1255387005 (Low microbial diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)A low microbial (neutropenic) diet is a specific dietary prescription given to immunocompromised patients, which falls within prescribing a food regimen; UAB.TI.ZZ covers food prescription broadly without capturing the infection-prevention specificity or the "low microbial" restriction characteristic of this intervention.
405371007 (Lower limb vascular prosthesis thrombectomy)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The SNOMED concept specifies thrombectomy from a vascular prosthesis (graft) in the lower limb, whereas IFD.JE.AA covers extraction of obstruction from the lower limb vein broadly without distinguishing native vessel from prosthetic. ICHI lacks a dedicated graft-specific thrombectomy code, making the match wider.
231162001 (Lumbar plexus block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The lumbar plexus is a peripheral nerve plexus, and a lumbar plexus block is achieved by injecting local anaesthetic percutaneously around it; ACA.DC.AE captures the action and target class correctly but is non-specific to the lumbar plexus.
287309009 (Lung cyst removal)maps to wider conceptJBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lung)JBF.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of lung parenchyma, which includes cyst removal but is broader since it encompasses excision of any lung lesion (tumour, bleb, etc.); there is no ICHI code specifically restricted to cysts.
108000004 (Lymphatic system destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)The SNOMED concept is a grouper for all destructive procedures on the lymphatic system; no single ICHI leaf code spans the full scope, so the organizational block "Interventions on lymphatic system" is the best available representation.
107996003 (Lymphatic system excision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)This SNOMED concept groups all excision procedures across the lymphatic system; ICHI has numerous site-specific excision codes (lymph nodes by region, lymphatic vessels) but no single code or sub-block spanning all lymphatic excisions.
60827006 (Lymphokine activated killer cell therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)LAK cell therapy is an adoptive cellular immunotherapy delivered intravenously, and ICHI does not have a dedicated cell-based immunotherapy code; DTB.DB.AF is the best available match within the immunological system function block, but it is broader as it covers any intravenous immunological agent rather than specifically LAK cell infusions.
39270003 (Lysis of adhesions)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI uses "release" as the equivalent of "lysis of adhesions" (action code FC), and MRS.FC.AA covers release of soft tissue at an unspecified site, making it the broadest appropriate match when no anatomical site is specified.
27062004 (Lysis of adhesions of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI encodes fascia-specific release only at named regional sites (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/finger, lower leg, foot) without a generic "release of fascia, unspecified site" code; MRS.FC.AA is the closest available match for an unspecified fascial adhesiolysis, though it is broader as it covers all soft tissue types and all sites.
439522009 (Lysis of adhesions of vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.JK.AA (Vitrectomy)ICHI has no specific code for adhesiolysis of the vitreous body — the vitreous block contains only aspiration, injection, destruction, drainage, and vitrectomy codes. Vitrectomy is the closest procedural concept, as lysis of vitreous adhesions is typically performed via vitrectomy technique.
50737005 (Magnet extraction of foreign body from vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye)ICHI captures foreign body removal from the posterior segment of the eye, which anatomically includes the vitreous. However, the ICHI code does not specify the magnet technique nor restrict the target to the vitreous specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
432883005 (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation)maps to wider conceptKCO.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, not elsewhere classified)KCO.BA.BH encodes MRCP broadly as an imaging intervention on the pancreas and pancreatic duct, but does not capture the secretin stimulation component that distinguishes this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore wider, lacking specificity for the secretin-enhanced variant.
57341000087106 (Maintaining safe physical distance)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)PZB.VE.ZZ is the closest ICHI code — isolating a person for infection control involves maintaining separation, which overlaps with safe physical distancing. However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing full isolation measures rather than just maintaining a specified physical distance between individuals.
706915004 (Maintaining subdued lighting)maps to wider conceptUBH.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence light)UBH.TM.ZZ covers any environment modification to influence light, which includes subduing/reducing lighting intensity as a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to maintaining reduced/subdued light levels.
711032008 (Maintaining use of raised edge mattress)maps to wider conceptLTC.LD.ZZ (Positioning to protect skin functions)LTC.LD.ZZ represents positioning interventions aimed at protecting skin integrity — the clinical purpose of a raised edge mattress (preventing falls and pressure-related skin injury). The ICHI code is broader, covering all such positioning strategies.
450811002 (Maintenance of battery of cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers all management activities on the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to battery maintenance of the cardiac pacemaker. The ICHI code is the most precise available match within the conducting system interventions block.
171519004 (Maintenance of distal catheter of cerebroventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device within the brain ventricles, which encompasses the cerebroventricular shunt system as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the distal catheter component of that shunt.
423113003 (Maintenance of intraaortic balloon pump parameters)maps to wider conceptHZZ.SN.AA (Management of cardiac assist device)The intraaortic balloon pump is a cardiac assist device, and HZZ.SN.AA is the designated ICHI code for managing cardiac assist devices. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices and all aspects of their management, while the SNOMED concept is specific to parameter adjustment of the IABP.
171518007 (Maintenance of proximal catheter of cerebroventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA captures management (maintenance) of an internal device within the ventricles of the brain, which directly encompasses maintenance of the proximal (ventricular) catheter component of a cerebroventricular shunt. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device and is not specific to the proximal catheter of a shunt.
424727007 (Maintenance of temporary cardiac pacemaker settings)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, which semantically includes maintenance/adjustment of pacemaker settings. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses both permanent and temporary pacemakers, and also includes defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to adjusting the settings of a temporary pacemaker.
425366005 (Maintenance of temporary epicardial cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management of any pacemaker or defibrillator system without distinguishing between temporary and permanent devices, or between epicardial and endocardial leads, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a temporary epicardial system specifically.
36936009 (Major thoracotomy with cardiac massage)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MC.AA (Open chest cardiac massage)HZZ.MC.AA precisely captures open chest cardiac massage, which is the defining clinical action of this procedure; the ICHI code does not encode the associated major thoracotomy access as a compound procedure, making it slightly broader, but it is the closest available match for the core intervention.
228600007 (Making of splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to the act of fabricating (making) the splint rather than applying it. No ICHI code specifically captures splint fabrication as distinct from application, making this the closest available match under the residual category for body-site-unspecified splinting.
89915007 (Malleostapediopexy)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Malleostapediopexy is a specific type of ossicular chain reconstruction that creates a direct connection between the malleus and stapes. CBF.ML.AC covers all ossicular chain reconstruction procedures, making it broader than this specific technique; no more precise ICHI code exists within the ossicles of ear block.
33722000 (Malleostapediopexy with incus replacement)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)This procedure combines malleus-to-stapes fixation with prosthetic incus replacement, which is a more specific variant of ossicular chain reconstruction. CBF.ML.AC is the only reconstruction code in the ossicles of ear block (BlockL5-CBF) and is the best available match, though it is broader than this specific combined procedure.
1255227006 (Mammalian milk free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A mammalian milk free diet is a specific dietary intervention involving the exclusion of all mammalian milk products; ICHI has no dedicated allergen-exclusion or dairy-free diet code. UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) under the interventions on food block is the closest available code, covering any modification of the food consumed, but is considerably broader than this specific exclusion diet.
710953007 (Management of administration of blood product)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)The SNOMED concept covers the broader act of managing the administration process of a blood product, whereas DIA.DG.AF specifically represents the transfusion act itself. Despite this directional difference, transfusion is the primary and most specific ICHI code for blood product administration, and no ICHI management-of-transfusion code exists; DIA.DG.AF is the closest match.
700256000 (Management of antenatal education)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)"Management of antenatal education" is a specific educational intervention delivered during pregnancy, which falls within the scope of NUE.PM.ZZ (education about pregnancy functions). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all educational interventions on pregnancy functions, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes structured antenatal education (which also encompasses preparation for labour and parenthood — aspects that could arguably also map to NUG.PM.ZZ "Education about functions related to childbirth"); NUE.PM.ZZ is the best single fit as antenatal education is primarily pregnancy-focused.
700134009 (Management of bronchoscopy)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)JBB.AE.AD directly represents bronchoscopy as a percutaneous endoscopic intervention on the bronchus. The SNOMED concept "Management of bronchoscopy" is slightly narrower — it refers to the organisational and care management activities surrounding bronchoscopy (preparation, monitoring, aftercare) rather than the procedure itself — so the ICHI code, which names the procedure directly, is marginally broader.
700133003 (Management of colposcopy)maps to wider conceptNMF.AE.AC (Colposcopy)ICHI has only a single code for colposcopy (NMF.AE.AC) without a distinct "management of colposcopy" category; the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the organisational/management activity around a colposcopy service, while the ICHI code covers the procedure itself, making ICHI broader in that it encompasses both the procedure and its management context.
700136006 (Management of cystoscopy)maps to wider conceptNAI.AE.AD (Cystoscopy)ICHI NAI.AE.AD represents the cystoscopy procedure itself (endoscopic examination of the urinary bladder), which is the core clinical act. The SNOMED concept adds an administrative "management of" framing that ICHI does not capture, making the ICHI code broader in that sense — but it is the closest available match for the underlying procedure.
58061000087105 (Management of emotional state)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-AUD (Interventions on emotional functions)ICHI does not have a single assignable code for "management of emotional state" as a generic concept; the block BlockL6-AUD (Interventions on emotional functions) is the most appropriate match and encompasses the full range of interventions on emotional functions including assessment, training, counselling, and support. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to managing a patient's emotional state rather than any single subtype of intervention.
1174025004 (Management of endoscopy of large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy), under Interventions on colon, is the standard ICHI code for endoscopic examination of the large intestine. The SNOMED concept's "management of endoscopy" framing adds an administrative layer not present in ICHI, and colonoscopy covers the colon specifically — the large intestine also includes the rectum and cecum — making the ICHI code somewhat broader in anatomical scope but the best available match for the underlying procedure.
700137002 (Management of esophagogastroduodenoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBI.AE.AD (Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy)KBI.AE.AD is the direct ICHI code for the OGD procedure itself, sitting under the duodenum block (KBI) with diagnostic endoscopic approach. The SNOMED concept is specifically "management of" OGD — an organisational/care coordination activity around the procedure — which is broader than just the procedure code, but KBI.AE.AD is the closest and most clinically meaningful ICHI match; ICHI has no separate "management of" wrapper code for endoscopy procedures.
700135005 (Management of hysteroscopy)maps to wider conceptNME.AE.AD (Hysteroscopy)ICHI NME.AE.AD encodes the hysteroscopy procedure itself, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the management/oversight of hysteroscopy as a clinical activity. The ICHI code is broader in that it represents the procedure without distinguishing a distinct "management" dimension.
410234004 (Management of mental health treatment)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" is the best available ICHI code for the administrative oversight of a person's health treatment, but it applies to any health treatment, not specifically mental health treatment. No ICHI code exists for coordinating or managing a mental health treatment programme specifically.
430191008 (Management of noninvasive mechanical ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest ICHI code covering mechanical ventilatory support, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not distinguish noninvasive (mask-based) from invasive (intubated) ventilation, and it covers the procedure itself rather than the clinical management/monitoring activity. No ICHI code specific to noninvasive ventilation (CPAP/BiPAP) exists.
710071003 (Management of peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE directly represents peritoneal dialysis as a procedure, making it the best available match; however, ICHI encodes the dialysis intervention itself whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the clinical management/oversight activity around an ongoing peritoneal dialysis programme, so the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it subsumes both performing and managing the procedure.
712991000 (Management of safety)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VC1 (Interventions on safety-related behaviours)ICHI does not have a single "management of safety" category code; BlockL3-VC1 is the closest parent block encompassing all interventions on safety-related behaviours (assessment, training, counselling, advocacy, etc.). The block-level assignment is broader as it covers multiple action types across road, workplace, home, and water safety sub-domains.
710079001 (Management of screening follow up)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VDB (Interventions on screening behaviours)ICHI's VDB block covers interventions on screening behaviours (assessment, advising, awareness raising, policy, surveillance), but no specific code for screening follow-up management exists; the block-level assignment is the closest available grouping and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns follow-up actions after screening results.
710059009 (Management of withdrawal symptom)maps to wider conceptPZA.TE.ZZ (Detoxification)PZA.TE.ZZ (Detoxification) is the closest ICHI concept, representing a whole-body clinical intervention that addresses the physiological management of substance withdrawal; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, as detoxification encompasses the full process of clearing a substance from the body, whereas "management of withdrawal symptom" is specifically about treating the symptomatic consequences of withdrawal.
66175009 (Manipulation of adenoid)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)There is no ICHI category code specifically representing "manipulation" of the adenoid — the DAB block contains only biopsy, excision, foreign body removal, and haemorrhage control. The parent block BlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid) is the closest organisational grouping that covers any unspecified intervention on this structure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
10872001 (Manipulation of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BAA (Interventions on eyelid)No ICHI category code captures "manipulation" of the eyelid generically; the BAA block contains specific procedures (incision, release, repair, reconstruction, injection, excision) but no general manipulation category. Assigning the block BlockL5-BAA is the broadest appropriate match, making the ICHI designation wider than the SNOMED concept.
19673000 (Manipulation of hip joint with general anesthesia)maps to wider conceptMLJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of hip joint)MLJ.PA.AH is a precise semantic match for the core procedure (manipulation of hip joint), but it does not encode the "with general anesthesia" qualifier that is part of the SNOMED concept's meaning — anesthesia type can be captured in ICHI only via an extension code, so the base ICHI code is slightly broader than the full SNOMED concept.
85382001 (Manipulation of joint adhesions of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of head or neck joint)ICHI has a dedicated manipulation code for the head/neck joint class, which includes the TMJ, but it does not distinguish the TMJ specifically nor capture the adhesion-focused nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept on both the target (head or neck joint vs. TMJ only) and the procedural detail (general manipulation vs. adhesiolysis specifically).
38530004 (Manipulation of spleen)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DJA (Interventions on spleen)ICHI has no dedicated "manipulation of spleen" category code; the spleen intervention block (DJA) covers all splenic procedures including biopsy, fixation, repair, and excision but not a general manipulation action. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to a manual or mechanical manipulation of the spleen.
36412004 (Manipulation of thymus)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DBA (Interventions on thymus)ICHI contains a thymus intervention block (DBA) with specific codes for biopsy, incision, excision, fixation, and repair, but no dedicated "manipulation" category; the block is the best available grouping but is broader than the specific SNOMED manipulation concept.
88459000 (Manipulation of ureteral calculus by catheter)maps to wider conceptNAE.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus of ureter)Catheter manipulation of a ureteral calculus (pushing or repositioning a stone to facilitate passage) is the closest match to ureteral calculus extraction in ICHI; however, "extraction" in ICHI implies complete removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically describes catheter-based repositioning rather than full extraction.
363197003 (Manipulation procedure by method)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)SNOMED 363197003 is a high-level grouping concept for any manipulation procedure classified by method, spanning joints, spine, and soft tissue across all body regions; MRJ.PA.AH covers manipulation of a joint at an unspecified site and is the closest ICHI residual code, but it is scoped to joints only. No abstract manipulation-by-method grouper exists in ICHI.
363198008 (Manipulation procedure of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has specific joint manipulation codes for each upper extremity joint (shoulder MDJ.PA.AH, elbow MEJ.PA.AH, wrist MFJ.PA.AH, hand/finger MGJ.PA.AH) but no single code grouping manipulation across the entire upper extremity; MRJ.PA.AH (unspecified joint) is the closest residual, but since it applies to any unspecified joint across the whole body rather than being scoped to the upper extremity, it is wider than the SNOMED concept.
52626009 (Manipulative reduction of nasal bone fracture with stabilization)maps to wider conceptMAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose)MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) captures the closed/manipulative reduction of the nasal bone, which is the core of this SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the additional component of stabilization (e.g., splinting or packing), making the ICHI code broader by omitting that clinical detail.
235402003 (Manual dilation of stoma)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for manual dilation of a stoma; PTD.SN.AC is the closest available code under "Interventions on other artificial body structures" and covers general stoma management, which is broader than the specific manual dilation procedure described in SNOMED. The PTD block contains only assessment, training, education, and general management codes — no dilatation-specific entry exists.
54737004 (Manual reduction of open fracture of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AA (Open reduction of mandibular bone)MAG.LD.AA covers open reduction of mandibular bone broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a manual reduction of a fracture. The ICHI code does not restrict to fractures and encompasses any open mandibular bone reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
5556001 (Manually assisted spontaneous delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery broadly, including unassisted and manually assisted forms; SNOMED 5556001 is more specific in that it denotes a spontaneous vaginal birth where the clinician provides manual assistance (e.g., perineal support, controlled delivery of the head).
737008003 (Mapping of skin ulcer of lower limb)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for mapping/tracing the extent of a skin ulcer on the lower limb; LZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available concept (assessment of skin/subcutaneous tissue, NEC), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes wound mapping of a lower-limb ulcer.
708587003 (Marsupialization of abscess of pharynx)maps to wider conceptKAR.JB.AA (Drainage of oral pharynx)Marsupialization of a pharyngeal abscess is a drainage procedure performed on the oropharynx, making KAR.JB.AA the closest functional match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any drainage of the oral pharynx without specifying the marsupialization technique.
176590003 (Marsupialization of Bartholin's gland)maps to wider conceptNMI.JB.AA (Drainage of vulva)ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block; marsupialization of a Bartholin gland cyst or abscess is functionally a drainage procedure of the vulvar region, so NMI.JB.AA is the best available match, though it is broader as it covers any vulvar drainage.
53580003 (Marsupialization of cyst of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.JB.AC (Drainage of larynx)Marsupialization of a laryngeal cyst involves incising and broadly opening the cyst to create a permanent drainage pouch, which is functionally a drainage procedure of the larynx. JAN.JB.AC is the closest match but does not specify the cyst as the target or the marsupialization technique.
444593009 (Marsupialization of cyst of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AA (Drainage of pancreas)Marsupialization of a pancreatic cyst (typically a pseudocyst) creates a surgically fashioned drainage communication, corresponding most closely to open drainage of the pancreas. KCO.JB.AA is broader, covering any open pancreatic drainage without specifying the marsupialization technique.
709100000 (Marsupialization of cyst of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JB.AA (Drainage of salivary gland)Marsupialization of a salivary gland cyst is a form of surgical drainage achieved by incising the cyst and suturing its edges open; ICHI's "Drainage of salivary gland" captures the clinical intent but is broader, as it does not specify the marsupialization technique.
447055003 (Marsupialization of cyst of uterine cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.JB.AA (Drainage of cervix)Marsupialization of a cervical cyst (e.g., Nabothian cyst) is a drainage procedure performed on the cervix; ICHI's "Drainage of cervix" covers the same anatomical target and functional goal but does not encode the specific marsupialization technique.
231628000 (Marsupialization of dacryocele)maps to wider conceptBAD.JB.AA (Drainage of lacrimal apparatus)A dacryocele is a mucocele of the lacrimal sac, and marsupialization opens the sac to allow drainage; "Drainage of lacrimal apparatus" is the best ICHI match for this intent, though broader since it does not specify the lacrimal sac subsite.
426577005 (Marsupialization of lacrimal canaliculus)maps to wider conceptBAD.JB.AA (Drainage of lacrimal apparatus)Marsupialization of the lacrimal canaliculus creates a permanent open drainage pouch from a specific part of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus as a whole, broader both in target and technique.
234915008 (Marsupialization of lesion of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JB.AA (Drainage of brain)Marsupialization of a brain lesion (typically a cyst) achieves decompression and drainage by opening the cyst into the subarachnoid space or ventricle; AAA.JB.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all drainage interventions on the brain regardless of technique.
447124007 (Marsupialization of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AA (Drainage of kidney)Marsupialization of a renal lesion (typically a cyst) involves unroofing and opening the cyst to achieve permanent drainage, which aligns functionally with NAA.JB.AA; however, that code is broader, encompassing all forms of kidney drainage without specificity to cyst marsupialization.
177015007 (Marsupialization of lesion of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JB.AA (Open drainage of ovary)Marsupialization of an ovarian cyst is classically performed as an open surgical deroofing to create permanent drainage, making NMA.JB.AA the closest ICHI match; it is wider because it covers any open drainage of the ovary and does not specify the marsupialization technique.
176666008 (Marsupialization of lesion of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.JB.AA (Drainage of vagina)ICHI has no code for marsupialization; the procedure's primary therapeutic intent — decompressing a vaginal cyst/lesion by creating a permanent opening — maps most closely to drainage of vagina. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all vaginal drainage.
265614009 (Marsupialization of lesion of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.JB.AA (Drainage of vulva)Marsupialization of a vulval lesion (most often a Bartholin's cyst) is a cyst-opening and drainage procedure; ICHI does not include marsupialization as a distinct action, so drainage of vulva is the closest functional equivalent.
174432007 (Marsupialization of liver lesion)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AA (Drainage of liver)Marsupialization of a liver cyst (e.g., hydatid cyst) involves incising the cyst and suturing it open to the abdominal wall for prolonged drainage; this maps functionally to drainage of liver in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the technique or lesion type.
1293038008 (Marsupialization of pilonidal cyst)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Pilonidal cysts occur in the sacrococcygeal skin and subcutaneous tissue, placing them within the trunk skin/subcutaneous block; marsupialization is the surgical technique used which ICHI subsumes under drainage of that region.
307664006 (Marsupialization of pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Marsupialization of a pilonidal sinus involves incising the sinus tract open and suturing its edges to the skin wound — an incision-based procedure on the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk (sacrococcygeal region). LAB.FA.AA is broader as it covers any incision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue.
57166001 (Marsupialization of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.JB.AA (Drainage of prostate and seminal vesicle)Marsupialization of a prostatic cyst or abscess involves incising it open and suturing its walls to create permanent drainage; the primary clinical outcome is drainage, making NGA.JB.AA the closest available code. It is wider because it covers any drainage of the prostate.
1332549004 (Marsupialization of ranula of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JB.AA (Drainage of salivary gland)A ranula is a mucocele of the sublingual (salivary) gland, and marsupialization unroofs it to allow sustained drainage; KAM.JB.AA is the closest code as it represents drainage of a salivary gland. It is wider because it does not specify the sublingual gland or the ranula pathology.
63417009 (Marsupialization of spinal cyst)maps to wider conceptABC.JB.AA (Drainage of spinal meninges)Spinal cysts (arachnoid, Tarlov/perineural cysts) lie within the spinal meningeal space, and marsupialization opens the cyst wall to achieve permanent drainage into the surrounding space; ABC.JB.AA captures the drainage component in the correct anatomical territory.
71794007 (Marsupialization of splenic cyst)maps to wider conceptDJA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spleen)ICHI has no marsupialization-specific code for the spleen; the closest available code is local excision of a splenic lesion (DJA.JI.AA), which is broader because marsupialization is a distinct technique that creates a permanent open pouch rather than fully excising the cyst.
307257002 (Marsupialization of sublingual cyst)maps to wider conceptKAM.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of salivary gland)The sublingual gland falls within the salivary gland block and a ranula (sublingual cyst) is a lesion of the sublingual gland; KAM.JI.AC is the nearest match but is broader because it does not capture the marsupialization technique specifically.
307175009 (Marsupialization of submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)Marsupialization of the submandibular (Wharton's) duct involves incising the duct and suturing its edges open — procedurally closer to an incision than an excision; KAM.FA.AA is the best fit, though broader since it does not specify the marsupialization technique or the submandibular duct specifically.
431187006 (Massage of face)maps to wider conceptMAS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of head or neck)MAS.PC.ZZ covers massage of soft tissue of the entire head or neck region, of which the face is a subset; ICHI does not have a face-specific massage code, making this mapping wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies the face only.
171009000 (Mastectomy counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no breast- or mastectomy-specific counselling code; the breast block (LCA) has only surgical and imaging interventions with no counselling sub-codes. PZB.PP.ZZ is the best available fit but is substantially broader than this specific pre/post-mastectomy counselling context.
359652001 (Mastoid and middle ear operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-CAA (Interventions on the ear or mastoid)The SNOMED concept covers combined mastoid and middle ear operations — ICHI has dedicated blocks for each but no single category or block that jointly covers both. The closest parent block BlockL3-CAA is broader, encompassing external and inner ear as well.
385766001 (Meals on wheels provision assessment)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment in relation to food as an environmental/public-health target, which broadly encompasses evaluating the provision of home-delivered meals; however, it is wider as it is not specific to the "meals on wheels" home-delivery service.
764410009 (Measurement of iodine radioisotope in plasma)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE is the only ICHI code covering radioisotope-based investigation of thyroid/iodine function, making it the best available match; it is wider because it groups all thyroid radioisotope functional studies together and does not distinguish the specific matrix (plasma).
116821003 (Measurement of ratio of cell type to abnormal blood cells)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ is the best-fit ICHI code for any quantitative measurement of haematological function, which subsumes the specific act of computing a cell-type ratio against abnormal blood cells; it is wider because it encompasses all haematological measurement.
172207008 (Medial canthopexy)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI does not have a code for canthopexy (surgical fixation of the medial canthus); the best available code is "Repair of eyelid", the broader eyelid-repair category under which a canthopexy would fall, but it does not capture the fixation/pexy nature nor the medial canthus specificity.
231654008 (Medial rectus Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)The Faden (posterior fixation suture) procedure on the medial rectus is a specific strabismus operation; ICHI's "Fixation of ocular muscles" covers this class of procedure but is broader, applying to any ocular muscle fixation without capturing the posterior suture technique.
50659003 (Medical audit procedure)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)A medical audit is a structured review of clinical practice quality — a specific form of health services assessment. ICHI UEP.AA.ZZ covers all assessment of health services, systems, and policies, which is broader than the clinical audit subset captured by the SNOMED concept.
53923005 (Medical consultation on inpatient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI has no code for consultation as a distinct professional act or for the inpatient setting specifically; PZB.AN.ZZ captures the core clinical encounter element (whole-person interview) but is broader — it omits the physician-consultation nature and the inpatient-setting constraint of the SNOMED concept.
226004006 (Medical equipment assessment)maps to wider conceptUAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all personal-use products and technology, of which medical equipment is a subset; ICHI does not have a dedicated code that restricts the target to medical or clinical devices specifically.
362978005 (Medical equipment or device education)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.PM.ZZ is the best available match for educating a patient about how to use a medical device, but it covers the full scope of personal-use products and technology rather than being restricted to medical equipment or devices.
396073008 (Medication administration assessment)maps to wider conceptUAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and substances for personal consumption)ICHI's "products and substances for personal consumption" (UAA) is the target axis encompassing medications, and AA denotes assessment, so this code captures the concept of assessing medication use; however, UAA is broader than medications alone and includes any consumable product, making it a wider match.
410265008 (Medication administration education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptUAA.PM.ZZ (Education about products and substances for personal consumption)PM (education) applied to UAA (products and substances for personal consumption) is the best ICHI approximation for educating a patient on how to administer their medications; the ICHI code is wider because UAA encompasses all consumable products (not just medications) and PM alone does not include the guidance and counseling components named in the SNOMED concept.
423509003 (Medication coordination/ordering education, guidance, counseling)maps to wider conceptUAA.PM.ZZ (Education about products and substances for personal consumption)Like concept 410265008, education about medication coordination and ordering is best approximated by education (PM) targeting products/substances for personal consumption (UAA); ICHI does not distinguish between education on administration versus ordering/coordination of medications, so this code is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on prescription coordination.
1344987000 (Medication interaction counseling)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)No ICHI code for counselling (PP action) exists under UAC, and the closest available code is UAC.PN.ZZ "Advising about medications," which is broader since it covers advising about medications generally rather than specifically about drug-drug interactions; UAC.PN.ZZ is also ICHI's narrowest available option and is slightly wider than the counseling-specific SNOMED concept.
423076000 (Medication prescription education, guidance and counseling)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ "Education about medications" is the best single ICHI match for a concept that combines education, guidance, and counselling about medication prescriptions; it captures the dominant educational component but is broader in that it does not restrict the content to prescriptions specifically, and it does not reflect the counselling/guidance dimensions of the SNOMED concept.
1344986009 (Medication side effect counseling)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on counseling a patient about medication side effects; the ICHI code subsumes but does not isolate the side-effect-specific counseling component.
726605004 (Medicinal gold therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to gold compounds (chrysotherapy); the closest match is the unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration code, which captures the act of delivering a pharmacological agent systemically but does not distinguish gold from any other drug class or route.
1287046006 (Medicolegal advice)maps to wider conceptUEJ.PN.ZZ (Advising about legal services, systems and policies)UEJ.PN.ZZ covers advising in relation to legal services and systems in general, which includes medicolegal advising as a subset, but is broader because it is not specific to the intersection of medicine and law (e.g., clinical expert opinions, fitness-to-work, forensic contexts).
171408004 (Medicolegal examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)A medicolegal examination involves a structured physical examination of the whole body for forensic or legal purposes, which PZA.AE.AH captures anatomically; however, the ICHI code has no legal-purpose qualifier and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1255163004 (Mediterranean diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)The Mediterranean diet is a clinician-prescribed dietary pattern targeting eating behaviours, making VEA.TI.ZZ the closest functional match, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any prescribed eating behaviour change and does not specify the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
307251001 (Meningocele repair)maps to wider conceptABC.MK.AA (Repair of spinal meninges)Meningocele repair is a surgical closure of a herniated meningeal sac, virtually always at the spinal level, and "Repair of spinal meninges" (ABC.MK.AA) is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI does not encode the specific nature of meningocele (herniation repair vs. general meningeal repair), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
390821000 (Mental health addiction programs)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VA1 (Interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours)"Mental health addiction programs" refers collectively to organised programmes targeting substance use and addictive behaviour disorders; the ICHI block BlockL3-VA1 covers all interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours across multiple sub-blocks (alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals, gambling, digital technology), making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best fitting level — no single ICHI category captures the programme concept as a whole.
390808007 (Mental health care)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-_LD (Interventions on mental functions)"Mental health care" is a broad umbrella encompassing assessment, therapy, support, and other interventions targeting mental functions, which maps best to the ICHI block covering all interventions on mental functions. The ICHI block is slightly wider in scope as it also includes purely neurological functional interventions, but it is the closest structural equivalent; no single assignable category captures the full breadth of the SNOMED concept.
410229003 (Mental health screening assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, which encompasses a screening assessment of mental health; the ICHI code is wider because it includes all forms of assessment (not just screening) and covers all mental functions rather than being specific to a mental health screening context, but it is the closest available category code.
229593002 (Mercury vapor lamp treatment)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)Mercury vapor lamps are a specific device used to deliver ultraviolet phototherapy, most commonly as whole-body treatment for dermatological conditions; PZA.SC.AH captures the whole-body phototherapy procedure but is broader because it does not specify the light source or lamp type, and phototherapy to a specific body region could also apply if the treatment was localised.
312692004 (Mesenteric artery bypass graft)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LI.AA is the anatomically correct code for this bypass, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not specifically identify the mesenteric artery as the target vessel.
6903003 (Metabolic monitoring procedure)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions and is the closest ICHI code to a metabolic monitoring procedure, but it is broader — it captures a one-time assessment rather than the ongoing/repeated monitoring implied by the SNOMED concept. No dedicated "metabolic monitoring" code exists in ICHI.
81776007 (Metal coping)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A metal coping is a prefabricated or cast metal cap fitted over a prepared tooth as a foundation for a dental crown — this is best captured in ICHI as KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device), which is the closest procedural code in the dental interventions block, though it is broader than the specific concept of fitting a metallic coping.
6511000179106 (Microsurgery of larynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAN (Interventions on larynx and epiglottis)ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal microsurgery as a distinct procedure type — the microsurgical approach is not captured as a means axis value in ICHI, and no single category code (e.g. repair, excision, destruction of larynx) can represent the generic concept of "microsurgery of larynx" without losing meaning. The block "Interventions on larynx and epiglottis" is the broadest reasonable match that correctly scopes the anatomical target.
230973004 (Microsurgical graft to cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.ML.AA (Cranial nerve graft)"Cranial nerve graft" in ICHI is a direct semantic match for the procedure performed, capturing both the target (cranial nerve) and the action (graft/reconstruction). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the microsurgical approach, but the core clinical concept is the same.
1335867009 (Microsurgical graft to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)"Peripheral nerve graft" is a direct semantic match for the procedure, with the target (peripheral nerve) and action (graft) fully aligned. The ICHI code is slightly wider because the microsurgical technique is not encoded in the means axis, but clinically this is the correct code.
699091009 (Microsurgical repair of blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.MK.AA covers repair of any blood vessel NEC with an open approach, capturing the repair intent and general target, but does not encode the microsurgical technique (open approach code AA does not distinguish microsurgical precision). The ICHI code is broader because the "microsurgical" qualifier and the specific vessel type are not represented.
171814002 (Microsurgical repair of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ACA.MK.AA maps well to the core procedure — open repair of a peripheral nerve — but the ICHI code does not capture the microsurgical technique that is explicit in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
176492008 (Microsurgical reversal of vasectomy)maps to wider conceptNGD.LB.AA (Vasovasostomy)Vasovasostomy is the correct anatomical term for surgical reversal of vasectomy (reanastomosis of the vas deferens), so the target and action are accurately matched; however, the ICHI code does not encode the microsurgical approach, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
435781000124109 (Mineral modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A mineral-modified diet (e.g., low-sodium, low-potassium) is a specific subtype of dietary modification, while UAB.DA.ZZ covers food modification in general without specifying the nutrient dimension being altered, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1303934005 (Minimally invasive correction of thoracic spine using self adjusting rod and pedicle screws using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMBG.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into thoracic spine)The SNOMED concept describes a highly specific minimally invasive spinal correction using a self-adjusting rod and pedicle screws under fluoroscopic guidance, whereas ICHI's nearest code covers percutaneous implantation of any device into the thoracic spine without capturing the corrective purpose, specific hardware type, or fluoroscopic means. No ICHI code exists for spinal deformity correction or instrumentation with rods and screws specifically, making this the broadest reasonable match.
1366442001 (Mitomycin intravascular chemoembolization of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.DB.AE (Injection of agent into cornea)ICHI's closest code covers percutaneous injection of an agent into the cornea, which captures the target (cornea) and the delivery of a pharmacological agent, but does not encode the vascular approach (intravascular/chemoembolization), the specific chemotherapeutic agent (mitomycin), or the combined embolization mechanism of the SNOMED concept.
410267000 (Mobility/transfers education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptSHG.PM.ZZ (Education about transferring oneself)The SNOMED concept covers both mobility and transfers education together with guidance and counseling, while SHG.PM.ZZ is scoped only to educating about transferring oneself. A combined code pairing (e.g. SHG.PM.ZZ + SHG.PN.ZZ for advising) would be closer, but as a single best code this is the most relevant match; it is wider because it does not capture the mobility component or the counseling/guidance dimensions.
443605009 (Mobilization of splenic flexure of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon)ICHI has no code specific to the splenic flexure; KBP.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon) is the closest match as mobilisation of the splenic flexure is a form of intra-abdominal colonic manipulation, but the ICHI code covers the entire colon without flexure specificity and does not use the term "mobilisation".
229390000 (Mobilization of the foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.PB.AH covers joints of both the foot and toe, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the foot; additionally, the foot contains multiple joints (tarsal, tarsometatarsal, etc.) and the SNOMED concept likely refers to the foot region generally, so the ICHI code is the best available match but is marginally wider.
229419001 (Mobilization of the sacroiliac joint)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region)The sacroiliac joint is anatomically part of the pelvic region, and MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific available ICHI code for mobilisation in this area. However, it covers all joints of the pelvic region (including the pubic symphysis), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the sacroiliac joint alone.
229408004 (Mobilization of the spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has segment-specific spine mobilisation codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) but no single code for the spine as a whole; MBZ.PB.AH (NEC residual) is the best available catch-all, though it is defined as a residual for cases not covered by the more specific codes and is therefore broader/less precise than the unspecified-level SNOMED concept.
229427005 (Mobilization of the temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of head or neck joint)ICHI has no dedicated code for the temporomandibular joint specifically; MAJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any head or neck joint, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the TMJ. This is the most anatomically precise available ICHI code for this intervention.
229320006 (Mobilizing the neck)maps to wider conceptMBA.PB.AH (Mobilisation of cervical spine)The SNOMED concept covers mobilisation of all neck structures (including non-vertebral joints such as facet joints and soft tissue), while ICHI's code specifically targets the cervical vertebral column; MBA.PB.AH is therefore narrower anatomically than "neck" as a whole, making the SNOMED concept wider than this code.
446046007 (Modification of hearing aid mold)maps to wider conceptUAF.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for communication)A hearing aid mold is a communication assistive product, and UAF.KB.ZZ covers changing/modifying any communication technology product. However, this ICHI code is broader than the specific concept of modifying only the earmold component of a hearing aid; ICHI has no code specific to hearing aid molds or their modification.
762104002 (Modified fluid diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ represents any modification to food, which is broader than the specific clinical intervention of prescribing or implementing a modified fluid diet for a patient; ICHI has no code specifically for texture- or consistency-modified diets.
711004004 (Monitoring activity tolerance)maps to wider conceptHTM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of exercise tolerance functions)HTM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of exercise tolerance functions, which is the closest ICHI concept to monitoring a patient's activity/exercise tolerance; it is slightly broader as "assessment" in ICHI encompasses ongoing monitoring, but ICHI does not have a dedicated monitoring code under the HTM block.
713117007 (Monitoring fetal development)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all pregnancy-related functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about monitoring fetal development. No ICHI code targets fetal development monitoring specifically; the closest specific code NMR.AI.AC is internal fetal monitoring (a technical intrapartum procedure), making NUE.AI.ZZ the better conceptual match despite being broader.
133879001 (Monitoring of patient temperature)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ETG.AB.ZZ covers the measurement of body temperature, which is semantically very close to monitoring patient temperature; however, "monitoring" in SNOMED implies ongoing or repeated measurement over time, whereas ICHI's action axis AB (measurement) denotes a single-point measurement, making the ICHI code slightly broader in scope. No dedicated ICHI "monitoring of body temperature" code exists.
717778001 (Mouth care)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)"Mouth care" is a specific nursing/clinical task of caring for the oral cavity, whereas SMC.RA.ZZ covers performing body-part care for any body part. There is no ICHI code restricted to the mouth/oral cavity under the self-care or nursing-care domain, making this the closest available code albeit broader in anatomical scope.
359965008 (Moving a patient in bed)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)SHA.RA.ZZ covers physically performing a body position change for a person, which maps directly to the nursing act of repositioning/turning a patient in bed. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it is not restricted to the in-bed context, but it is the most specific ICHI code available for this intervention.
58715004 (Moving a patient to a stretcher)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)Moving a patient onto a stretcher is a specific instance of physically transferring a person from one surface to another, which is precisely what SHG.RA.ZZ encodes. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all person-transfer situations, not just bed-to-stretcher transfers.
710960001 (Moving patient using transfer technique)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)This SNOMED concept describes physically moving a patient via a specific transfer technique, which falls squarely within the scope of SHG.RA.ZZ (performing the task of transferring the person). The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the technique used.
1230189008 (Moving subject to chair)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)"Transferring the person" (SHG.RA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept — it captures the act of a clinician physically moving/transferring a patient — but it does not specify the destination (chair), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code encodes the chair-specific destination.
1230102001 (Moving subject to standing position)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)ICHI's SHA target covers "changing body position" as an activity domain, and SHA.RA.ZZ represents performing that task — which encompasses moving a patient to standing. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to the standing position destination, making this a broader match.
1230188000 (Moving subject to wheelchair)maps to wider conceptSHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)Moving a patient to a wheelchair is a patient transfer activity, which SHG.RA.ZZ (transferring the person) best captures in ICHI; SHG is the ICHI target specifically for "transferring oneself/the person," but no code encodes the wheelchair as destination, so the mapping is wider.
1333991001 (MRI guided insertion of marker into left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI code for inserting a device (marker/clip) into the breast percutaneously, which matches the approach; however, it does not specify MRI guidance nor laterality (left), making it broader — laterality could be appended as an extension code if needed.
1333992008 (MRI guided insertion of marker into right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify MRI guidance (which in ICHI would require appending an extension code), and it does not specify laterality (right breast) or that the device is a fiducial/localisation marker rather than any implanted device.
1362077007 (MRI guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous route and the destruction of a lesion in the breast, which aligns with the core procedure; however, it is broader because it does not encode the specific energy modality (laser) or the MRI guidance (extension would need to be appended), nor does it restrict the target to a neoplasm.
711540006 (MRI of breast for screening)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of breast)LCA.BA.BH is an exact match for the imaging modality and body part (MRI of breast), but it is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the clinical context of screening; ICHI has no separate code distinguishing a screening MRI from a diagnostic MRI of the breast.
312384001 (Multidisciplinary assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code explicitly encoding the multidisciplinary or team-based nature of an assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not capture the defining characteristic that the assessment is performed by a multidisciplinary team.
31687009 (Multiphasic screening procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for a multiphasic or multi-system screening programme as a single concept. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but is broader — it does not encode the defining characteristic of a structured multi-component screening battery.
306869008 (Muscle or tendon operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MRB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures, not elsewhere classified)"Muscle or tendon operation" is a broad SNOMED grouper covering any surgical procedure on muscle or tendon. The closest ICHI structural fit is the block BlockL4-MRB, which groups all interventions on musculoskeletal structures not classified elsewhere (including its child blocks for muscle and tendon); no single assignable ICHI category spans both muscle and tendon operations generically.
76565001 (Muscle thermography)maps to wider conceptMRM.BA.BA (Imaging of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific thermography code for muscle; the closest available code is MRM.BA.BA (imaging of muscle, unspecified site), which is broader since it covers all imaging modalities rather than thermography specifically. Note that MRM.SD.BQ exists for muscle hyperthermy (a therapeutic heating intervention), which is semantically distinct from diagnostic thermographic imaging.
363207004 (Musculoskeletal screening procedure)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated screening code for the musculoskeletal system; MZZ.AA.ZZ (assessment of musculoskeletal system, NEC) is the closest match as it captures a general clinical evaluation of the system, though it is broader than a targeted screening procedure and ICHI's screening codes (VDB block) address health-behaviour screening rather than clinical screening examinations.
107736006 (Musculoskeletal system incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)SNOMED 107736006 is a high-level grouping concept for any incision into musculoskeletal structures (muscle, bone, joint, tendon). ICHI has specific incision codes per tissue type (MRJ.FA.AA arthrotomy, MRB.FA.AA osteotomy, MRM.FA.AA myotomy) but no single code covering all musculoskeletal incisions, so the nearest match is the musculoskeletal chapter block, which is broader than the SNOMED concept.
274491002 (Nasal packing for control of hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC captures the clinical purpose of the SNOMED concept (haemostasis of a nasal bleed) but is broader because it does not specify the method; nasal packing is one of several techniques that fall under epistaxis control in ICHI.
400001000004103 (Neoadjuvant antineoplastic therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no antineoplastic-specific or neoadjuvant-specific pharmacotherapy code; PZA.DB.AZ covers generic drug administration to the whole body, which is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the antineoplastic drug class and the neoadjuvant (pre-surgical) intent.
86324006 (Neodymium, yttrium, aluminum garnet laser photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)ICHI's retinal intervention block contains no photocoagulation-specific or laser-specific code; BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina) captures the destructive intent of photocoagulation but is broader because it does not specify the Nd:YAG laser modality or restrict the target to lesions rather than the whole retina.
442989006 (Nerve block with injection of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)ABN.DC.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the lumbar level and the use of fluoroscopic guidance as the imaging means; ICHI has no dedicated lumbar spinal nerve injection code with fluoroscopic approach differentiated in the means axis.
14327008 (Nerve ganglion decompression)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific "ganglion decompression" code; ACA.FC.AA (release of peripheral nerve) is the closest functional equivalent, as decompression of a nerve ganglion is a form of neural release, but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any peripheral nerve release and does not specify the ganglion as the target structure.
63694007 (Nerve pedicle transfer, first stage)maps to wider conceptACA.LJ.AA (Transposition of peripheral nerve)ACA.LJ.AA (transposition of peripheral nerve) is the best available match for a nerve pedicle transfer, as both involve repositioning a nerve to a new anatomical location; the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the staged nature of the procedure (first stage only) or the specific pedicle-based technique.
50720003 (Nerve pedicle transfer, second stage)maps to wider conceptACA.KD.AA (Nerve transplantation)"Nerve pedicle transfer" is a staged neurovascular transfer technique that falls within the broader concept of nerve transplantation. ICHI has no code specific to pedicle nerve transfers or their staged execution, so "Nerve transplantation" (ACA.KD.AA) is the closest available match, but is broader as it does not distinguish pedicle technique or surgical staging.
120084000 (Nerve transposition)maps to wider conceptACA.LJ.AA (Transposition of peripheral nerve)"Nerve transposition" in SNOMED is a general concept covering any nerve; ICHI offers "Transposition of peripheral nerve" (ACA.LJ.AA) which is a strong match for most clinical contexts, but is limited to peripheral nerves and does not cover cranial nerve transposition (AAN.LJ.AA). Since the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type, the peripheral nerve code is the best single match but is slightly narrower in scope — however, given that peripheral nerve transposition represents the overwhelming majority of clinical use, and the SNOMED concept lacks further specificity, the ICHI code is treated as wider relative to any one specific nerve transposition scenario.
399210005 (Neurological investigation)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)"Neurological investigation" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any diagnostic or evaluative procedure of the nervous system; "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified" (AZZ.AA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI equivalent, covering unspecified neurological assessments. The ICHI code is wider because "investigation" can include specific diagnostic tests (e.g. nerve conduction studies, imaging) that have their own dedicated ICHI codes, while AZZ.AA.ZZ is the NEC residual for general assessment.
84303004 (Neurolysis)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Neurolysis — the chemical or physical destruction of nerve tissue to interrupt pain signalling — maps best to "Destruction of peripheral nerve" (ACA.GA.AA), but ICHI is broader because it encompasses all routes and targets of nerve destruction; the SNOMED concept does not specify a target nerve type or approach. Comparable ICHI codes exist for cranial (AAN.GA.AA), spinal (ABN.GA.AA), and sympathetic nerves, making ACA.GA.AA the best single generic match for an unspecified neurolysis.
277842006 (Neurolytic autonomic nerve block)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)The autonomic nervous system in ICHI is represented under the sympathetic nervous system blocks (BlockL4-ADB), and the only non-region-specific code for interventions on the sympathetic system is ADA.ZZ.ZZ. No ICHI code captures neurolytic (destructive) blocking specifically targeted at autonomic nerves — the sympathetic nerve codes only provide region-specific excision or anaesthetic injection — so the residual "unspecified" category is the closest available match, though it is considerably broader.
273999003 (Neuroplasty)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty refers to surgical release, decompression, or repair of a nerve (most commonly peripheral). ICHI's "Repair of peripheral nerve" (ACA.MK.AA) covers the repair/reconstruction aspect but does not explicitly encode the decompression/release dimension of neuroplasty; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses repair generically without capturing the specific neuroplasty technique (freeing a nerve from scar/adhesions).
287674008 (Nevi diathermy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Nevi diathermy is the destruction of a skin naevus (mole) using electrocautery/diathermy at an unspecified body site. ICHI's LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin tissue at an unspecified site using a non-specified physical means (AH = without incision, contact), which aligns with diathermy-based surface destruction; the code is wider because it is not limited to naevi and covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue destruction NEC.
185387006 (New patient consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specifically for a first/new patient encounter or consultation as an administrative encounter type; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest clinical equivalent, but it is broader as it does not capture the "new patient" qualifier or the administrative/organisational nature of a first consultation.
229552005 (Night splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code that captures the nocturnal/night-time qualifier of night splinting; PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint at an unspecified site and is the best available match, but it is broader because it does not encode the body-site specificity or the nocturnal application characteristic.
48781000175105 (Nocturnal dialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI encodes renal dialysis as a single category (NAA.JC.AF) without any mechanism to distinguish nocturnal haemodialysis from standard dialysis schedules; the code is broader because it covers all renal dialysis regardless of timing or modality.
428311008 (Non-invasive ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's "Artificial ventilation" covers all forms of mechanical ventilatory support and does not distinguish non-invasive (e.g. BiPAP/CPAP via mask) from invasive (endotracheal or tracheostomy) ventilation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically restricted to the non-invasive modality.
264955004 (Non-thoracoscopic percutaneous pleural puncture procedure)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)ICHI's percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity is the closest structural match to a percutaneous pleural puncture; however, the ICHI code encompasses drainage (fluid removal via tube/catheter) more broadly than a simple diagnostic or therapeutic puncture, and does not explicitly exclude thoracoscopic approaches, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
414873001 (Noncontact holmium YAG laser keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)ICHI's keratoplasty code covers all forms of corneal reshaping/reconstruction regardless of technique, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a noncontact holmium YAG laser procedure; the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the laser modality or the noncontact nature of the intervention.
119720008 (Nose manipulation)maps to wider conceptMAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose)"Nose manipulation" in SNOMED refers broadly to manual repositioning or adjustment of the nose, which in clinical practice most commonly involves non-surgical closed reduction of the nasal bone. ICHI's MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) captures this procedure, but the SNOMED term is broader as it could also encompass other non-reductive manual interventions on the nose not represented in ICHI's nasal bone block (which only contains X-ray, open reduction, and closed reduction).
385777007 (Nursing care coordination)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) sits within the whole-person interventions block and captures the coordination activity central to nursing care coordination, but it is broader — it is profession-neutral and not restricted to nursing — making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically nurse-led.
424880000 (Nursing care education, guidance, counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a nursing-specific education/guidance/counseling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the broadest whole-person residual counselling category, which captures the counselling element but is wider because it subsumes education and guidance under a single counselling heading and is not nurse-specific.
410268005 (Nursing care/supplementary health education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)This concept is semantically very close to 424880000; PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest whole-person residual counselling code, but it is broader because it does not capture the education or guidance components separately, and is not scoped to nursing or supplementary health contexts.
410133004 (Nursing conference management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for the organisational/management activity of conducting a nursing conference to coordinate care, but it is broader — covering case coordination by any provider and any mechanism, not specifically a nursing conference format.
410134005 (Nursing coordination assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The assessment component of nursing care coordination maps most closely to PZB.AA.ZZ at the whole-person level, but that code is broader — it covers any general health assessment regardless of whether it is performed in the context of nursing care coordination.
410136007 (Nursing coordination management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ directly represents coordinating and managing a patient's care across providers and services, which is the core of nursing coordination management; it is wider because it is not nursing-specific and does not distinguish management from other coordination activities.
410137003 (Nursing status report assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The assessment component of a nursing status report aligns well with "General health assessment" at the whole-person level; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to the nursing-report context or to nursing as a profession.
182999000 (Nursing supervision)maps to wider conceptUCK.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from health professionals)ICHI has no dedicated nursing supervision code; UCK.RG.ZZ covers provision of services involving health professional support, which is the closest structural match but is broader because it encompasses any health professional and any service provision, not specifically supervision.
278906000 (Nutritional support)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)PZA.DA.ZZ represents active administration of nutritional requirements (e.g., enteral or parenteral feeding), which is the core procedural component of nutritional support; the ICHI code is broader as a residual NEC category that does not distinguish the specific route or form.
225308005 (Observation regime)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)"Observation regime" denotes a clinical management approach of structured watchful waiting, aligning most closely with ICHI's "Observation of whole person"; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the structured, ongoing "regime" aspect implied by the SNOMED concept.
310813001 (Observational assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Observational assessment" refers to evaluating a patient through direct observation rather than formal testing, and "General health assessment" is the closest ICHI equivalent at the whole-person level; the ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to the observational means of assessment.
163497009 (Obstetric examination)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)"Obstetric examination" is a clinical examination performed in the context of pregnancy or childbirth; "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy" is the closest ICHI code but is broader because it encompasses all forms of assessment (not just physical examination) of pregnancy-related functions.
46944007 (Obstetric transposition)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)"Obstetric transposition" is a SNOMED grouper covering fetal manipulation procedures including rotation and version manoeuvres; ICHI's "Rotation of fetus" captures the core manual repositioning action but does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED term, making the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code.
84275009 (Obstetrical hysterotomy)maps to wider conceptNME.FA.AA (Hysterotomy)ICHI's "Hysterotomy" is a direct procedural match, but the ICHI code is not restricted to the obstetric context — it covers any surgical incision of the uterus. The SNOMED concept specifies the obstetrical setting, so the ICHI code is semantically broader.
120072002 (Obstetrics repair)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)"Obstetrics repair" is a high-level grouping concept covering all obstetric-related repairs (perineum, vagina, cervix, uterus, etc.); ICHI has no single code for the aggregate, but PAW.MK.AA represents the most clinically characteristic and frequent obstetric repair (perineal laceration/episiotomy repair).
232673005 (Obturator airway insertion)maps to wider conceptKAR.DL.AC (Insertion of oropharyngeal airway)KAR.DL.AC is the closest assignable code covering supraglottic/pharyngeal airway device insertion; an oesophageal obturator airway functions as an oropharyngeal airway adjunct, but the ICHI code does not specify the obturator type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
278728008 (Occipital incision)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)ICHI has no code specifically for an incision limited to the occipital scalp or soft tissue; "Craniotomy" is the closest skull/cranial incision code but implies a full bone-opening procedure, making it broader and less precise than a targeted occipital incision.
310215000 (Occlusal analysis)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no specific code for occlusal analysis (study of bite relationships and jaw articulation); "Dental examination" is the closest available code, which is broader and encompasses many types of dental assessment beyond occlusion.
11819005 (Ocular thermography)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)ICHI has no dedicated thermography or thermal-imaging code for the eye; "Assessment of the eye and eye functions" is the most defensible parent code in the visual system, but it covers all forms of eye assessment and does not capture the specific thermal-imaging modality.
447304001 (One stage extracapsular extraction of lens and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI separates lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and prosthetic lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA) into two distinct codes with no combined single-stage code; the extraction code is used as the primary mapping but does not capture the simultaneous IOL implantation component, nor specify the extracapsular technique.
446590009 (One stage intracapsular extraction of lens by inferior temporal route and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)BBF.JK.AA covers lens extraction (open approach) but does not encode the additional step of prosthetic lens insertion, nor the specific intracapsular technique or inferior temporal route. ICHI is coarser and cannot represent this combined two-step procedure or the surgical approach variant in a single code.
446862000 (One stage intracapsular extraction of lens with insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)As with 446590009, BBF.JK.AA captures only the extraction component; the concurrent insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens (BBF.ML.AA) and the intracapsular technique specificity are not represented in a single ICHI code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
116231002 (Open biopsy of spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.AD.AA (Biopsy of spleen)DJA.AD.AA denotes biopsy of spleen without specifying the approach, while the SNOMED concept explicitly specifies the open approach; the open-approach-specific code DJA.AD.AA is the best match since ICHI does have approach-specific sibling codes (laparoscopic, percutaneous), making the unqualified code broader than the SNOMED concept.
116233004 (Open biopsy of uterine ligament)maps to wider conceptNME.AD.AA (Biopsy of uterus)ICHI has no code specific to the uterine ligament; the closest available code is biopsy of the uterus, which is broader in anatomical scope. The open approach is also not distinguished in ICHI, as NME.AD.AA covers biopsy of the uterus by any open/unspecified approach.
450646007 (Open embolectomy of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI does not have a dedicated embolectomy code for the mesenteric arteries; IEA.JE.AA is the closest code as it covers open removal of arterial obstruction in the abdominal/pelvic arterial territory which encompasses the inferior mesenteric artery, but it is broader in both the specific vessel and procedure type (endarterectomy vs. embolectomy).
450647003 (Open embolectomy of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)As with the inferior mesenteric artery concept above, ICHI has no specific embolectomy code for the superior mesenteric artery; IEA.JE.AA is the best available match as an open arterial obstruction-removal procedure in the abdominal/pelvic arterial domain, but it is broader in both vessel specificity and procedure type.
1332410004 (Open intra-articular allograft augmentation of intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments by open approach, which is the closest structural match for an open intra-articular ligament augmentation using allograft material; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the graft source nor capture the augmentation framing distinct from full reconstruction.
1332411000 (Open intra-articular prosthetic augmentation of intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)As with the allograft variant, MML.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for open prosthetic augmentation of an intra-articular ligament; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the prosthetic (synthetic) graft type nor the specific augmentation framing distinct from full reconstruction.
1332405003 (Open intra-articular xenograft augmentation of intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for open ligament reconstruction at the knee, but it is broader because ICHI does not differentiate xenograft material from other graft sources, nor the augmentation-only versus full reconstruction distinction.
175205008 (Open operations for combined abnormality of great vessels)maps to wider conceptHZM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified)HZM.ML.AA is the broadest NEC reconstruction code for complex congenital cardiovascular malformations and covers combined great vessel abnormalities that do not fit a more specific category; it is wider because it encompasses all unspecified complex congenital heart malformations rather than being restricted to combined great vessel abnormalities specifically.
69889001 (Open reduction of acute open acromioclavicular dislocation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)The ICHI code covers open reduction of any joint in the shoulder region, which encompasses the acromioclavicular joint, but does not specify the acromioclavicular joint in particular, nor does it distinguish acute from chronic presentation or the open (wound) nature of the dislocation.
59875008 (Open reduction of acute open sternoclavicular dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The sternoclavicular joint has no dedicated ICHI block or code and does not fall cleanly under the shoulder region or thoracic cage classifications; the unspecified-site open reduction code is therefore the most accurate available match, though it is broader in that it does not specify the sternoclavicular joint, acuity, or the open wound nature of the injury.
59377007 (Open reduction of chronic open acromioclavicular dislocation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)The acromioclavicular joint is within the shoulder region captured by MDJ.LD.AA, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific joint, chronicity of the dislocation, or the open wound context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
69580005 (Open reduction of chronic open sternoclavicular dislocation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)ICHI has no sternoclavicular-specific code; MDJ.LD.AA covers the shoulder joint region broadly, which includes the sternoclavicular joint, but is wider because it does not capture the sternoclavicular specificity, the chronicity, or the open-wound qualifier.
608824002 (Open reduction of epiphyseal fracture of phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for phalanx fracture reduction, but it covers all bones of the hand or finger without distinguishing phalanges from metacarpals, and it does not capture the epiphyseal fracture type or foot phalanges; ICHI is therefore broader in anatomical scope and lacks fracture-type specificity.
450655005 (Open reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for epiphyseal growth plate injuries; the SNOMED concept does not specify anatomical site, so the closest available code is the site-unspecified residual for open reduction of bone. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any bone rather than specifically the physis/epiphyseal plate.
10988000 (Open reduction of lunate dislocation)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of wrist joint)The lunate is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone and its dislocation is treated as a wrist joint reduction; MFJ.LD.AA accurately captures the open surgical approach and the anatomical region but is broader because it encompasses any wrist joint reduction rather than being specific to lunate dislocation.
73809008 (Open reduction of open clavicular fracture)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of shoulder)The clavicle is anatomically classified within the shoulder region in ICHI, making MDB.LD.AA the correct target code; however, it covers all bones of the shoulder region rather than the clavicle specifically, and does not encode the "open fracture" wound classification present in the SNOMED concept.
18728007 (Open reduction of open depressed frontal sinus fracture)maps to wider conceptMAA.LD.AA (Open reduction of skull fracture)ICHI has no code specific to the frontal sinus or depressed fracture morphology — the closest match is open reduction of skull fracture, which is broader because it covers any skull bone and any fracture type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the frontal sinus and a depressed (open) fracture.
443036002 (Open reduction of open fracture of radius with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI classifies the radius under the forearm bone block without distinguishing radius from ulna, so the target is broader than the SNOMED concept's radius-specific scope; additionally, ICHI does not encode the external fixation method or open-fracture wound status within this code.
442890003 (Open reduction of open fracture of radius with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)The ICHI code covers the forearm as a whole (not radius specifically) and does not distinguish internal from external fixation or encode open-fracture status, making it broader than this SNOMED concept in target, means, and clinical detail.
38979001 (Open reduction of open humeral fracture with external skeletal fixation)maps to wider conceptMEB.LD.AA (Open reduction of humerus)MEB.LD.AA directly names the humerus as the target and open reduction as the action, matching the core procedure, but ICHI does not encode the fixation method (external skeletal fixation) or the open-fracture wound context, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
28445004 (Open reduction of open humeral fracture with internal skeletal fixation)maps to wider conceptMEB.LD.AA (Open reduction of humerus)MEB.LD.AA correctly captures the target (humerus) and the action (open reduction) but omits the internal skeletal fixation means and the open-fracture qualifier, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies these additional clinical details.
2098004 (Open reduction of open mandibular fracture with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AA (Open reduction of mandibular bone)MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not distinguish open versus closed fractures or encode the specific fixation technique (external fixation), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
73915007 (Open reduction of open mandibular fracture with interdental fixation)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AA (Open reduction of mandibular bone)MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not differentiate open fractures from closed, nor does it encode the interdental fixation technique, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
3338002 (Open reduction of open radial shaft fracture)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)MFB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna) without distinguishing the specific bone, shaft location, or open versus closed fracture status, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the radial shaft with an open fracture.
1830008 (Open reduction of open sacral fracture)maps to wider conceptMBR.LD.AA (Open reduction of sacral spine)MBR.LD.AA is the ICHI code for open reduction in the sacral region and correctly identifies the target anatomy, but it does not distinguish an open (compound) fracture from a closed one, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
8596003 (Open reduction of open scapular fracture, juxta-articular)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of shoulder)MDB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any bone of the shoulder region, which anatomically includes the scapula, but is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it does not specify the scapula specifically, the fracture being open/compound, or the juxta-articular (near the joint) location of the fracture.
29431001 (Open reduction of open shoulder joint dislocation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA matches the procedure (open reduction of the shoulder joint) precisely, but ICHI does not capture the qualifier that the dislocation itself is "open" (i.e., compound/with skin breach), making the ICHI code slightly broader.
37395006 (Open reduction of open ulnar shaft fracture)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)MFB.LD.AA is the best available match — it covers open reduction of forearm bones — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the ulna (not radius), the shaft segment, and that the fracture is open/compound.
288061000 (Open reduction of separation of epiphysis)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for epiphyseal separation (Salter-Harris type fractures); MRB.LD.AA is the closest applicable code as a site-unspecified open reduction of bone, since the SNOMED concept does not specify anatomical location and no epiphysis-specific reduction code exists in ICHI.
261546007 (Open reduction of spinal dislocation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LD.AA is the site-unspecified spinal open reduction code, which fits since the SNOMED concept does not specify the vertebral level; it is broader in that it encompasses fractures and other spinal reductions beyond dislocation alone.
174150007 (Open reduction of volvulus of cecum)maps to wider conceptKBZ.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated cecum target block; the cecum falls under "large intestine NEC," and intra-abdominal manipulation (open approach) covers the reduction of a cecal volvulus, but the ICHI code is broader in both target (any large intestine NEC) and action (manipulation vs. specifically volvulus reduction).
174151006 (Open reduction of volvulus of sigmoid colon)maps to wider conceptKBU.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal reduction of the sigmoid colon)This ICHI code precisely targets the sigmoid colon with an intra-abdominal (open) reduction, which aligns well with the surgical act of detorsing a sigmoid volvulus; however, the ICHI code covers any intra-abdominal reduction of sigmoid colon, not exclusively volvulus, making it slightly broader.
133862007 (Open reduction with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI encodes open reduction of bone by anatomical site but does not distinguish between external and internal fixation as separate codes, so the fixation type is lost; MRB.LD.AA is used as the site-unspecified fallback, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies external fixation as the stabilisation method.
133863002 (Open reduction with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not encode internal vs. external fixation as a means axis distinction within its open reduction codes, and no site is specified in the SNOMED concept; MRB.LD.AA therefore captures the open reduction act but loses the internal fixation detail, making it broader.
426067000 (Open removal of cardiac thrombus)maps to wider conceptHAZ.JE.AA (Thrombectomy from atrium)ICHI has thrombectomy codes specific to cardiac chambers but no single code for generic "cardiac thrombus" removal; HAZ.JE.AA is the closest open surgical cardiac thrombectomy code, with the means axis .AA confirming the open approach matching the SNOMED qualifier, though it is restricted to the atrium rather than the heart generically.
426185005 (Open removal of cardiac vegetations)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA captures extraction of cardiac vegetations on the unspecified/entire heart (NEC), aligning well with the SNOMED concept; however, the NEC qualifier in the ICHI code suggests approach is unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED "open" specification.
450641002 (Open removal of clip from fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube)NMC.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses a clip (used for tubal occlusion/sterilisation), and the means axis .AA matches the SNOMED open approach; it is wider because it includes any device or foreign body, not just a clip.
175947004 (Open renal denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Renal denervation is destruction of the sympathetic nerves surrounding the renal artery, which are peripheral nerves; ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of any peripheral nerve and is the closest available code, though broader since ICHI has no renal-specific or open-specific nerve destruction code.
439422007 (Open revision of arterial bypass of lower extremity with segmental vein interposition)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated revision-of-bypass category; IFA.ML.AA is the closest concept covering reconstructive reworking of the lower-limb arterial anatomy, but is broader as it does not specify bypass revision or vein interposition technique.
439446000 (Open revision of arterial bypass of lower extremity with vein patch angioplasty)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI has no specific code for bypass revision with patch angioplasty; IFA.ML.AA is the best available code covering the reconstructive intent of a vein-patch revision, though broader as it does not capture patch angioplasty or revision-of-prior-bypass context.
439573001 (Open revision of femoral anastomosis of synthetic arterial bypass graft using autogenous vein patch graft)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lower limb artery via open approach, which encompasses revising a femoral anastomosis with a patch graft; however, ICHI does not distinguish autogenous vs. synthetic graft material nor specifically represent anastomosis revision, so the code is broader.
438762000 (Open revision of femoral anastomosis of synthetic arterial bypass graft using nonautogenous patch graft)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)As with 439573001, IFA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI match for open femoral arterial reconstruction/revision, but the code is broader because ICHI does not capture the nonautogenous patch material distinction or specific anastomosis revision context.
300896003 (Open tubal occlusion)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA directly represents occlusion of the fallopian tubes; however, it does not specify the open approach (laparoscopic and hysteroscopic variants exist as separate codes but no open-specific code was found), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies an open approach.
21371007 (Operation on abdominal region)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAK (Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified)The ICHI block "Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified" encompasses all unspecified abdominal interventions and is therefore broader than a generic SNOMED grouper; the block is assigned because no single assignable category covers an unspecified abdominal operation.
236951003 (Operation on amniotic cavity)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMM (Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord)ICHI groups amniotic cavity interventions together with placenta and cord under one block rather than isolating the amniotic cavity alone, making the ICHI block broader than the SNOMED concept; no assignable category covers an unspecified operation on the amniotic cavity.
32907006 (Operation on aorta)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI has no single block or code covering the aorta as a whole; the nearest parent grouping is BlockL4-HIA, which encompasses the aorta alongside coronary arteries and other great vessels, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
2315006 (Operation on cerebral meninges)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAC (Interventions on cerebral meninges)BlockL5-AAC precisely covers all interventions on the cerebral meninges and is the best structural match, but as a block it is broader than the unspecified SNOMED category; assigning the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper.
387746009 (Operation on conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BBA (Interventions on conjunctiva)BlockL5-BBA groups all conjunctival interventions and semantically matches the unspecified SNOMED concept; the block is broader than any single procedure but appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper.
37661000 (Operation on digestive tract)maps to wider conceptKZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified)This SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering all operations on the digestive tract; KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the ICHI residual/unspecified holder for the digestive system, slightly broader as it encompasses the entire digestive system rather than just the "tract" (which excludes accessory organs like liver and pancreas).
386809009 (Operation on fetus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMR (Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure)The ICHI block BlockL5-NMR directly covers all interventions on fetal or embryonic structures, aligning well with the SNOMED concept; it is assigned as a block code because no single assignable ICHI code encompasses unspecified operations on the fetus.
177118006 (Operation on gravid uterus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NME (Interventions on uterus)ICHI has no dedicated "gravid uterus" target; BlockL5-NME covers all interventions on the uterus, which is the nearest anatomical container that encompasses surgical procedures performed on the pregnant (gravid) uterus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
232924003 (Operation on implanted atrioventricular valve)maps to wider conceptHDM.KA.AA (Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any unspecified operation on a previously implanted AV valve; HDM.KA.AA is the only ICHI code that explicitly references operating on an already-replaced AV valve, though more specific in action and carrying the congenital malformation qualifier.
232774007 (Operation on implanted mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHDF.KA.AA (Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced mitral valve)The SNOMED concept covers any unspecified operation on a previously implanted mitral valve, while HDF.KA.AA specifically denotes re-implantation of a prosthetic valve into an already-replaced mitral valve — the only ICHI code that explicitly operates on an implanted mitral valve.
232875001 (Operation on implanted pulmonary valve)maps to wider conceptHDG.KA.AA (Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced pulmonary valve)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any operation on a previously implanted pulmonary valve; HDG.KA.AA is the closest ICHI code, explicitly referencing an already-replaced pulmonary valve context, but more specific in covering only prosthetic valve re-implantation.
232812006 (Operation on implanted tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.KA.AA (Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced tricuspid valve)The SNOMED concept broadly encompasses any unspecified operation on a previously implanted tricuspid valve; HDH.KA.AA is the only ICHI code that explicitly references a replaced tricuspid valve context, but is narrower in action as it specifies prosthetic valve re-implantation.
232952007 (Operation on implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.DN.AA (Replacement of truncal valve)The SNOMED concept covers any operation on an implanted truncal valve, but ICHI has no .KA (re-implantation) code for the truncal valve; HDI.DN.AA (replacement) is the closest as re-operation on an implanted truncal valve most commonly means valve replacement, though it does not capture the implanted-context.
239540005 (Operation on intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)ICHI has site-specific intervertebral disc blocks but no single block or code covering all intervertebral disc operations generically; BlockL4-MBA "Interventions on vertebral column" is the broadest grouping that encompasses all disc sites.
387636004 (Operation on larynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAN (Interventions on larynx and epiglottis)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping term for any operation on the larynx; BlockL5-JAN covers all interventions on the larynx and epiglottis and is the closest structural equivalent, slightly broader due to the inclusion of the epiglottis.
84339005 (Operation on lip)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAA (Interventions on lip)The SNOMED concept is a generic grouping for any operation on the lip, which aligns closely with BlockL5-KAA "Interventions on lip"; the block is the best structural equivalent but slightly wider since no single assignable category exists at the same generality level.
79480008 (Operation on lymph node)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFA (Interventions on lymph node other and unspecified)ICHI organises lymph node interventions across multiple site-specific blocks (neck, axilla, mediastinum, abdomen, inguinal) with no single block covering all lymph nodes; BlockL5-DFA is the NEC/NOS grouping rather than a true all-lymph-node umbrella, so it is slightly wider in intent than the SNOMED concept, which spans all sites.
178321000 (Operation on lymphatic duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFO (Interventions on lymphatic vessel, other and unspecified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "lymphatic duct" block; lymphatic ducts are anatomically lymphatic vessels, so BlockL5-DFO is the closest structural grouping. The thoracic duct has its own block (BlockL5-DFP), meaning DFO covers the right lymphatic duct and other smaller ducts but is framed as "vessel/other," making the match approximate and slightly wider than the SNOMED concept.
384676001 (Operation on mouth)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)The ICHI block "Interventions on mouth or pharynx" is the closest match but is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept "Operation on mouth" because it also encompasses the pharynx. No ICHI block exists for mouth interventions alone, making this the best available approximation at the right level of generality.
67818008 (Operation on nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAM (Interventions on nasal pharynx)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any operation on the nasopharynx; ICHI's block BlockL5-JAM covers all 13 nasopharynx intervention categories and is therefore broader than any single procedure, making it the best structural match. No single ICHI category code captures the full scope of the SNOMED grouper.
5282006 (Operation on oropharynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAR (Interventions on oral pharynx)ICHI's block BlockL5-KAR directly corresponds to the oropharynx (termed "oral pharynx" in ICHI) and groups all 20 oropharynx intervention categories, making it the appropriate match for this broad SNOMED grouper. No single ICHI category captures the full scope of "any operation on the oropharynx."
64887002 (Operation on ovary)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMA (Interventions on ovary)ICHI's block BlockL5-NMA directly corresponds to ovary interventions and encompasses all specific ovary procedure categories (biopsy, incision, drainage, excision, reconstruction, etc.), making it the best structural match for this broad SNOMED grouper. Assigning a block code is appropriate here as the SNOMED concept is a category-level grouper rather than a specific procedure.
18224008 (Operation on palate)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI splits the palate into separate blocks for soft palate (BlockL5-KAS) and hard palate (BlockL5-KAT), with no single unified "palate" block; the nearest ancestor covering all palate interventions is BlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx), which is broader than the SNOMED concept.
29630005 (Operation on pancreas)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCO (Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct)The ICHI block BlockL5-KCO directly covers all interventions on the pancreas (and pancreatic duct), making it the best structural equivalent to the high-level SNOMED grouper concept; the ICHI scope is marginally broader because it also includes the pancreatic duct.
43882005 (Operation on parathyroid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBB (Interventions on parathyroid gland)ICHI block BlockL5-EBB maps precisely to "Interventions on parathyroid gland," directly paralleling the SNOMED grouper concept; it is coded as wider because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category and the ICHI block encompasses all specific parathyroid procedures beneath it.
62858004 (Operation on pericardium)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HFF (Interventions on pericardium)ICHI block BlockL5-HFF is titled "Interventions on pericardium" and corresponds directly to the SNOMED grouper concept; it is coded as wider because the ICHI block subsumes all specific pericardial procedure categories (biopsy, injection, adhesiolysis, excision, repair) beneath it.
386676003 (Operation on peritoneum)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)The ICHI block "Interventions on peritoneum" directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept "Operation on peritoneum," covering all procedure types on that structure. The block is used because the SNOMED concept is a general category rather than a specific procedure, and no single leaf code covers the full scope.
13137001 (Operation on pineal gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EAB (Interventions on pineal gland)The ICHI block "Interventions on pineal gland" is a direct and precise terminological match to "Operation on pineal gland," scoped to the same anatomical structure. The block is assigned because the SNOMED concept is a general category encompassing all pineal gland procedures, which aligns with the block rather than any single leaf code.
36928000 (Operation on pituitary gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EAA (Interventions on pituitary gland)The ICHI block "Interventions on pituitary gland" is a direct terminological and semantic match to "Operation on pituitary gland," covering the same anatomical target. The block is used because the SNOMED concept is a general grouper encompassing all pituitary gland procedure types, matching the block scope rather than any specific leaf code.
363248001 (Operation on pleura)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JCA (Interventions on pleura)The ICHI block "Interventions on pleura" is a direct and precise match to "Operation on pleura," covering all procedure types on the pleural structure. The block is assigned rather than a leaf code because the SNOMED concept is a general category, and the block encompasses all interventions on the pleura collectively.
46421001 (Operation on skeletal muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRM (Interventions on muscle unspecified site)ICHI's closest grouping for unspecified-site muscle operations is the block "Interventions on muscle unspecified site" (BlockL5-MRM), which covers the same conceptual space but is an organisational block rather than a single assignable procedure code, and does not restrict to skeletal muscle specifically. No single assignable ICHI category represents "operation on skeletal muscle" generically, so the block is the best available anchor and is broader in that it encompasses all muscle types at unspecified sites.
392011001 (Operation on skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)BlockL4-LAA "Interventions on skin" is the ICHI organisational block that groups all skin interventions regardless of body site or specific procedure type, making it semantically equivalent in scope to the SNOMED category "Operation on skin." Because it is a block (not an assignable category code) and encompasses subcutaneous tissue as well, it is treated as wider; no single assignable ICHI code covers unspecified skin operations in general.
72086007 (Operation on skin of head)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAA (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)BlockL5-LAA is the closest ICHI grouping for skin operations on the head, but it combines head and neck together (not head alone) and also includes subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only skin of the head. No separate ICHI block or assignable code exists for skin of the head exclusively.
57806001 (Operation on skin of neck)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAA (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)BlockL5-LAA covers both head and neck skin together with subcutaneous tissue, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the neck only; there is no dedicated ICHI block or assignable code for skin of the neck alone.
50262009 (Operation on skin of trunk)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAB (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)BlockL5-LAB is the ICHI block dedicated to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, closely matching the anatomical site of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it includes subcutaneous tissue (not just skin) and covers any type of intervention rather than being an assignable procedure code; no single ICHI category represents a generic "operation on skin of trunk."
76879002 (Operation on spinal cord)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABA (Interventions on spinal cord)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of any operation on the spinal cord, and the ICHI block "Interventions on spinal cord" covers the same clinical scope. No single ICHI category code exists at this level of generality; the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a parent category rather than a specific procedure.
59300005 (Operation on spleen)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DJA (Interventions on spleen)"Operation on spleen" is a generic SNOMED parent grouping encompassing all splenic procedures, which aligns with the ICHI block "Interventions on spleen" that organises all assignable spleen codes. No single ICHI category is specific enough to represent the full breadth of this concept, so the block is the correct assignment.
14937008 (Operation on sublingual duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI has no code specifically targeting the sublingual duct; the closest ICHI assignable codes (e.g., KAM.FA.AA "Incision of salivary gland or duct", KAM.MK.AA "Repair of salivary gland or duct") address salivary gland or duct generically across all major salivary glands. The block "Interventions on salivary gland" is therefore the best available match, being broader than the sublingual-duct-specific SNOMED concept.
4784000 (Operation on sublingual gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI does not have a sublingual-gland-specific intervention code; all salivary gland procedures (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) are classified under the "Interventions on salivary gland" block without distinguishing between parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the sublingual gland.
50991004 (Operation on submaxillary duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)Submaxillary duct (Wharton's duct, draining the submandibular gland) has no dedicated ICHI category code; ICHI recognises the submandibular gland duct only as an extension target (XA7GY0) rather than as the target axis of an assignable code. The "Interventions on salivary gland" block, which includes duct-level codes such as KAM.FA.AA and KAM.MK.AA at the generic salivary duct level, is the best available representation.
3963007 (Operation on submaxillary gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)The submaxillary (submandibular) gland is a major salivary gland, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAM covers all salivary gland interventions without distinguishing the submandibular from parotid or sublingual glands. The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any operation on that specific gland, best represented by this block which is broader in anatomical scope.
232985004 (Operation on systemic great vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI groups great vessels (including the systemic great veins — superior and inferior vena cava) under BlockL4-HIA "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels," which is broader than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses coronary arteries and great arterial vessels. No dedicated block for systemic great veins as a group exists; HIB (superior vena cava) and HIC (inferior vena cava) are individually more specific and do not collectively cover the concept without adding arterial structures.
86791005 (Operation on tendon)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRT (Interventions on tendon unspecified site)ICHI codes for tendon interventions are always site-specific (e.g., hand, forearm, trunk). BlockL5-MRT "Interventions on tendon unspecified site" is the most appropriate match for the SNOMED concept, which does not specify a body region; however, the block is still slightly wider as it groups all unspecified-site tendon interventions rather than being a one-to-one match for the generic SNOMED category.
68265005 (Operation on the ear)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-CAA (Interventions on the ear or mastoid)BlockL3-CAA is the top-level ICHI grouping for all ear interventions, covering external ear, middle ear, inner ear, mastoid, and ear functions — slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which refers to the ear alone without the mastoid. This is the closest structural match to the non-specific SNOMED "operation on the ear" category.
45589008 (Operation on thymus)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DBA (Interventions on thymus)The ICHI block "Interventions on thymus" encompasses all procedure types on the thymus (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.), making it broader than any single unspecified "operation on thymus" encounter. As the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper with no procedure-type specificity, the ICHI block is the best structural match, mapped as wider because ICHI blocks are non-assignable organisational nodes covering all child categories.
15463004 (Operation on thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBA (Interventions on thyroid gland)"Interventions on thyroid gland" is a named ICHI block that spans the full range of thyroid procedures (biopsy, thyroidectomy, drainage, destruction, transplant, etc.), matching the unspecified SNOMED grouper concept semantically. It is mapped as wider because the ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node covering all more-specific thyroid intervention categories beneath it.
14835004 (Operation on tongue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAB (Interventions on tongue)"Interventions on tongue" is the directly named ICHI block covering all tongue procedures (excision, repair, reconstruction, fixation, drainage, etc.), providing an exact name-level match to the SNOMED grouper. It is wider because the block subsumes all child tongue intervention categories and is itself non-assignable.
14354006 (Operation on upper respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JAA (Interventions on upper respiratory tract)ICHI has a block named exactly "Interventions on upper respiratory tract" covering nose, sinuses, nasal pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, which aligns directly with the anatomical scope of the SNOMED grouper. The mapping is wider rather than equivalent because the ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node that subsumes all specific upper respiratory intervention categories.
392048005 (Operation on urinary system)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)"Interventions on urinary system" is the directly named ICHI block covering kidney, ureter, bladder, bladder neck, and urethra interventions — identical anatomical scope to the SNOMED grouper. Mapped as wider because the block is a non-assignable organisational container for all urinary system intervention categories beneath it.
56486004 (Operation on uvula)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAS (Interventions on soft palate)The uvula is a structure of the soft palate, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAS covers all soft palate interventions including uvula-specific ones (e.g., KAS.JK.AA for uvulectomy). No single ICHI category covers the full range of operations on the uvula as a generic SNOMED concept, so the parent block is the best fit and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
34289000 (Operation on vertebra)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)ICHI's BlockL4-MBA encompasses all interventions on the vertebral column and is the closest organisational grouping to the non-specific SNOMED concept "Operation on vertebra." No single category code exists for a generic vertebral operation, so the block — which is broader — is the most appropriate assignment.
112966006 (Operation on vitreous)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BCD (Interventions on vitreous body)BlockL5-BCD directly covers all interventions on the vitreous body (aspiration, injection, drainage, vitrectomy), matching the generic SNOMED concept precisely in scope. Since the SNOMED concept is a category-level grouping with no single specific procedure implied, the ICHI block is the best fit and is broader.
107957009 (Operative procedure on digestive organ)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system)BlockL3-KAA covers the entire digestive system including structural organs, digestive functions, and NEC categories, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to operative (surgical) procedures on digestive organs. It is the closest available ICHI grouping, but ICHI does not restrict it to operative/surgical acts only.
429772001 (Operative procedure on hip)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MLB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh)BlockL4-MLB is the nearest ICHI parent block encompassing hip-related interventions (hip joint, hip cartilage, and thigh structures), but its scope is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept since it also includes thigh bone and thigh muscle interventions beyond the hip itself. No single ICHI block is titled specifically "Interventions on hip."
24723005 (Operative procedure on peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ACA (Interventions on peripheral nervous system)BlockL4-ACA is a broad organisational block that contains all operative categories on peripheral nerves and is wider than any single SNOMED operative concept; however it is the closest structural match to the SNOMED grouper concept. As a block code (not an assignable leaf category), it serves as the best available parent concept.
107769006 (Operative procedure on upper extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PMA (Interventions on topographical regions: upper limb)BlockL4-PMA is the ICHI organisational block grouping all interventions on the upper limb as a topographical region, which aligns well with the SNOMED grouper concept; the block encompasses all types of interventions (not only operative) and the SNOMED concept implies surgical specificity that ICHI's broader block does not restrict to.
14433000 (Operative reduction of prolapse of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.LD.AH (Reduction of anal prolapse)KBX.LD.AH covers reduction of anal prolapse without specifying the approach, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly denotes an operative (surgical) procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it also encompasses non-surgical reduction techniques.
276342005 (Ophthalmological and optical investigations)maps to wider conceptBZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a single umbrella code for ophthalmological investigations; BZA.AA.ZZ is the broadest residual eye assessment code available and captures the general intent of the SNOMED grouper concept, but it is coarser and does not encompass the optical (non-anatomical) investigations dimension.
103741002 (Optical transillumination)maps to wider conceptJAE.AE.AC (Transillumination of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)"Optical transillumination" is a general imaging technique applicable to multiple body sites, while JAE.AE.AC is restricted to the paranasal sinus. As no general transillumination code exists in ICHI, JAE.AE.AC is the closest available match; SNOMED is the broader concept here.
386377003 (Oral health restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Oral health restoration" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing multiple restorative oral health interventions, whereas KAE.MK.AC specifically describes the restoration of a tooth; the SNOMED concept is broader than this single ICHI procedure code.
231555004 (Orbital floor implant operation)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)ICHI does not have a specific code for orbital floor implant insertion; "Reconstruction of orbit" (BAM.ML.AA) is the closest available code, encompassing the procedure but also covering other orbital reconstruction methods beyond implant placement.
80206000 (Orbitotomy with bone flap by lateral approach, Kroenlein, with decompression)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AA (Decompression of orbit)The Kroenlein procedure combines lateral orbitotomy with a bone flap and orbital decompression; the dominant purpose is orbital decompression, making BAM.FC.AA the best available match, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific lateral bone-flap approach or the combined orbitotomy component.
43782000 (Organ or system related test)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Organ or system related test" denotes a broad category of diagnostic testing aimed at evaluating an organ or body system. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers overall health status evaluation rather than being limited to organ/system-specific testing.
281182001 (Orthodontic technical procedure)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Orthodontic technical procedures encompass the fitting, adjustment, and management of orthodontic appliances. KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code covering appliance application to teeth, but it is broader — it includes any dental device application, not just orthodontic ones.
7649003 (Orthopedic procedure on head)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MAA (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of head or neck)This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any orthopedic procedure performed on the head, which maps structurally to ICHI block BlockL4-MAA. The block is slightly wider as it includes neck structures.
75313008 (Orthotic splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers application of any cast or splint to an unspecified body site, which semantically encompasses orthotic splinting; however, the ICHI code is broader because it conflates casts and splints without distinguishing the orthotics-specific intent.
250730005 (Osmolal gap measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)The osmolal gap is calculated from measured osmolality to assess fluid and electrolyte physiology; the closest ICHI code is ETE.AA.ZZ, which is broader because it encompasses the full functional domain rather than this one specific laboratory calculation.
16992002 (Osteopathic manipulation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "osteopathic manipulation" code; the closest is manipulation of a joint at an unspecified site, which captures the core action but is broader in that it does not convey the osteopathic/whole-body systemic approach.
52880003 (Osteotomy, intertrochanteric, with external fixation and cast)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)ICHI codes osteotomy at the level of the whole femur without distinguishing the intertrochanteric sub-site, and does not encode the additional procedural details of external fixation and cast application that make the SNOMED concept more specific.
18507001 (Osteotomy, subtrochanteric, with external fixation and cast)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)As with the intertrochanteric variant, ICHI has only a single femoral osteotomy code that does not distinguish the subtrochanteric level or the method of fixation, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
410093000 (Ostomy irrigation assessment)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of a stoma (any type) which matches the assessment intent of this concept, but is broader because it does not specify irrigation as the focus of the assessment.
737492002 (Outpatient care management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" is the closest ICHI concept covering coordinated management of a person's care, but it is broader than outpatient-specific care management, as it does not restrict to the outpatient setting.
410202008 (Oxygen therapy assessment)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)ICHI codes oxygen therapy as a therapeutic intervention but does not have a specific code for assessing oxygen therapy; the SNOMED concept focuses on the evaluation/assessment activity rather than the therapy itself.
47412009 (Packed RBC preparation)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)DIA.JH.AF is the closest ICHI code covering the collection/preparation of blood products, but it encompasses all blood products rather than specifically packed red blood cells; ICHI does not distinguish packed RBC preparation as a separate entity.
310401004 (Packing for postoperative bleeding from tonsillar bed)maps to wider conceptDAA.LA.AC (Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy)ICHI is broader because it covers all methods of haemorrhage control after tonsillectomy (cautery, suture ligation, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies packing as the particular technique used; the clinical setting (post-tonsillectomy bleeding) is otherwise an exact match.
239380000 (Packing of wound of bone of face)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAB (Interventions on facial bone, unspecified)ICHI has no specific "packing of wound" code for facial bone; the action of wound packing (DK — application of dressing/packing) combined with the facial bone target (MAB) does not exist as an assignable category code. The organisational block BlockL5-MAB covers all interventions on facial bone and is the closest available grouping, but is broader and not assignable as a category code.
225784007 (Pain prevention)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain)ICHI has a rich "Interventions on pain" block (BlockL4-AXA) with codes for education, advising, counselling, pharmacotherapy, positioning, and other modalities, but no single assignable code specifically represents "pain prevention" as a concept. The block is the closest grouping but is broader and not itself an assignable category code.
1255904006 (Palliative antineoplastic chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for antineoplastic or palliative chemotherapy; the closest assignable category is administration of pharmacotherapy to the whole body (PZA target, DB action), which covers systemic drug delivery but does not specify the antineoplastic intent or palliative context, making it substantially broader.
252243002 (Pancreatic function test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)ICHI has no dedicated "pancreatic function test" code; the best available code covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which includes but is not limited to pancreatic exocrine/endocrine testing, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
241247005 (Pancreatic venous sampling)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI has no code for site-selective or hormone-directed venous sampling; the only applicable code covers generic blood specimen collection, which is considerably broader than the specific interventional radiology technique of cannulating pancreatic/portal veins to sample for hormones.
39027008 (Pantaloon operation, revision of gastric anastomosis)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)The pantaloon operation is a specific revision/refashioning of a gastric anastomosis, but ICHI only has a general "Gastric anastomosis" code with no revision or pantaloon-specific variant, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
423650001 (Paraprofessional/aide care case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" in ICHI covers the coordination and management of a person's care across services, which aligns closely with case management; however, ICHI does not capture the paraprofessional/aide-specific role distinction, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
424186008 (Paraprofessional/aide care education, guidance, counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ covers general counselling at the whole-person level and is the closest ICHI match to a combined education/guidance/counselling activity not tied to a specific body function or health topic; however, the ICHI code does not encode the paraprofessional/aide role distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
243771006 (Parathyroid sampling catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)Parathyroid venous sampling via catheter is a selective blood collection procedure to measure parathyroid hormone from draining veins; DIA.AH.XA (specimen collection of blood) is the closest assignable ICHI code, but it does not capture the catheter-directed, site-specific, or parathyroid-targeted nature of the procedure, making it considerably broader.
408912004 (Parenteral feeding assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has codes for administering nutritional substances intravenously (PZA.DA.AF) but no specific code for assessing parenteral nutrition; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the broadest appropriate fit, but it does not capture the specific context of parenteral/intravenous feeding evaluation, so it is considerably wider than the SNOMED concept.
1345014007 (Parenting skills case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" in ICHI captures the care-coordination/management function, which is the closest structural match to parenting skills case management; however, ICHI lacks any code specific to case management within a parenting skills domain (VEJ block codes cover education, counselling, and training for parenting behaviours but not case management of it), so PZB.TD.ZZ is broader than this SNOMED concept.
761888001 (Parents and Children Together phonological intervention)maps to wider conceptJUD.PH.ZZ (Training of articulation functions)The PACT programme is a specific named, structured speech-language therapy protocol targeting phonological/articulatory development in children; JUD.PH.ZZ (training of articulation functions) captures the clinical action but is broader, as it applies to any training of articulation — not specifically this programme or phonological level of processing.
62021003 (Parietal gastric cell mass determination)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Parietal gastric cell mass determination is a specialised physiological test of gastric secretory capacity (oxyntic cell mass), for which no specific ICHI code exists; KT2.AC.ZZ is the appropriate residual category for a functional diagnostic test of the digestive system, though it is considerably broader than this specific procedure.
21991006 (Partial fundoplication using thoracic approach)maps to wider conceptKBE.MK.AA (Repair of gastroesophageal junction)Fundoplication (a wrap of the gastric fundus around the GEJ to treat reflux) is a form of repair of the gastroesophageal junction, making KBE.MK.AA the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify partial vs. total fundoplication, nor the thoracic approach (as opposed to the laparoscopic variant KBE.MK.AB).
787938008 (Partial resection of small bowel using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptKBK.JJ.AA (Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.JJ.AA precisely captures "partial excision" of the "small intestine," matching the SNOMED concept well; the ICHI code is slightly broader because robotic assistance is not encoded in the base code (it can be added via extension XG5Z48 "With robotic assistance," but the base code alone does not specify the approach).
173309002 (Partial restoration of crown of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC "Restoration of tooth" directly covers restorative dental procedures on a tooth, which encompasses crown restoration; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish partial from full crown restoration or specify the crown as the site within the tooth.
426736009 (Patch angioplasty of renal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)Patch angioplasty of the renal artery is a specific open reconstructive technique using a patch to widen the arterial lumen; ICHI has no dedicated renal artery code and the closest match is IEA.ML.AA (reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which is broader in both the anatomical target (covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries) and the operative technique (ML = reconstruction, not specifically patch angioplasty).
310242004 (Patch repair of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses patch repair of the inferior mesenteric artery as one specific technique. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not specify the patch repair technique.
303169004 (Patch repair of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)As with inferior mesenteric artery patch repair, IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is broader in both vessel specificity and technique, making it the best available ICHI mapping for this SNOMED concept.
34861006 (Patellar stabilization by tendon transfer)maps to wider conceptMMT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee)MMT.LJ.AA captures the tendon transfer at the knee, which is the core operative technique in patellar stabilization by tendon transfer; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any tendon transfer at the knee and does not specify the purpose of patellar stabilization.
308397003 (Patient call procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)A "patient call" is an outreach or recall contact with a patient, which broadly fits within a health management encounter, but ICHI has no specific code for telephone/remote patient contact or recall calls. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available category, but it is substantially broader and unspecified compared to the focused SNOMED concept.
427143000 (Patient controlled analgesia device provision management)maps to wider conceptPZA.SN.AH (Management of pharmacotherapy internal device)PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) involves a pharmacotherapy delivery device whose ongoing management — programming, monitoring, and troubleshooting — is captured by PZA.SN.AH. The ICHI code is broader because it covers management of any internal pharmacotherapy device rather than specifically a PCA pump for patient-controlled analgesia.
385718008 (Patient counseling assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Patient counseling assessment" is an evaluative step performed before or within a counselling encounter to determine the patient's needs, goals, and readiness — an assessment activity that maps best to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers holistic patient assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of general health assessment rather than the assessment phase specific to a counselling context.
385720006 (Patient counseling management)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's "Counselling, not elsewhere classified" under the whole-person block captures the generic counselling act but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically connotes a management-oriented counselling encounter (goal-setting, follow-up planning) rather than counselling per se. No ICHI code exists that combines counselling with a care-management dimension.
385816003 (Patient feeding technique assessment)maps to wider conceptSMF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating)SMF.AA.ZZ covers clinical assessment of the eating activity as a self-care function, which broadly encompasses assessing a patient's feeding technique; however, it does not specify "technique" assessment and includes all aspects of eating assessment, making the ICHI code broader than the more targeted SNOMED concept.
363259005 (Patient management procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)"Patient management procedure" in SNOMED is a broad administrative/clinical parent concept encompassing any act of managing a patient's care. ICHI's "Health management encounter, unspecified" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ) is the closest available code but covers the whole interaction rather than the procedural management act itself, making it broader in scope.
712829007 (Patient request for smoking cessation information)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)SNOMED describes a patient-initiated request specifically for smoking cessation information, which is a narrow information-giving act. The closest ICHI code is VAB.PM.ZZ (education to influence tobacco use behaviours), which is broader as it covers education as a whole intervention type rather than a single patient-requested information event.
763288003 (Patient review)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Patient review" in SNOMED denotes a clinical encounter where the patient's condition and management are reconsidered, which aligns most closely with a general health assessment of the whole person. ICHI's PZB.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers any general health assessment rather than specifically a review of ongoing care, but it is the best available match in the classification.
103705002 (Patient status observation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI lacks a "patient status observation" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the broadest clinical assessment code covering whole-person status evaluation, but it is wider in that it encompasses assessment activities beyond simple observation of current patient status.
1285186004 (Pediatric and adolescent injury prevention program)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VC1 (Interventions on safety-related behaviours)ICHI has no code for injury prevention programs specifically targeting children/adolescents; the closest structural match is the block "Interventions on safety-related behaviours," which covers the public-health, behaviour-change scope of injury prevention but is broader (no age restriction) and is an organisational block rather than an assignable category.
73850000 (Pedicle graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a dedicated pedicle (pedicled flap) graft code; the closest assignable category is "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified" (LZZ.ML.AA), which covers skin/subcutaneous grafting procedures broadly. The extension code XG9JE8 "Pedicle flap" can be appended to specify the technique, but LZZ.ML.AA alone is broader than the specific pedicle technique.
59429008 (Pedicle soft dentoalveolar tissue graft procedure)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for a pedicle graft to dentoalveolar/gingival soft tissue; the gingiva block (KAG) contains gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) but no grafting procedure, making the broader "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified" (KAZ.ML.AA) the best available category to capture this oral reconstructive soft-tissue procedure.
182556001 (Pelvic sling)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)A pelvic sling is a specific surgical technique (fascial or synthetic sling placed under the urethra/bladder neck) for stress urinary incontinence, while NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck without specifying the sling technique. No ICHI code explicitly names a sling procedure, making this the closest available category at a broader level of specificity.
115601007 (Percentage measurement of cell type to leukocytes)maps to wider conceptXG4K56 (White blood cell count)XG4K56 (White blood cell count) is the closest ICHI code, as it covers quantitative assessment of leukocytes in blood; however, it does not capture the differential percentage breakdown of leukocyte subtypes that the SNOMED concept specifically denotes, making the ICHI code broader. No ICHI code for leukocyte differential or cell-type percentage exists in the classification.
116820002 (Percentage measurement of cell type to lymphoblasts)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)Quantifying the percentage of lymphoblasts relative to other cells is a morphological assessment performed on a peripheral blood film; XG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination) is the most appropriate ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering the general microscopic review of blood cells without specifying the lymphoblast differential percentage.
115608001 (Percentage measurement of cell type to lymphocytes)maps to wider conceptXG4K56 (White blood cell count)Measuring the percentage of lymphocytes relative to total leukocytes is a component of a white blood cell differential, and XG4K56 (White blood cell count) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for lymphocyte percentage or differential subset measurement, so the mapping is to a broader concept.
115602000 (Percentage measurement of cell type to red blood cells)maps to wider conceptXG2XJ6 (Complete blood count automated)Expressing a cell-type count as a percentage of total red blood cells is a haematological quantification typically performed as part of an automated complete blood count; XG2XJ6 is the closest ICHI code but is broader, encompassing the full panel rather than this specific proportional red cell measurement.
277662000 (Percutaneous balloon dilation of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AC (Dilatation of oesophagus)ICHI's "Dilatation of oesophagus" (means code AC = instrument-based, unspecified approach) covers the correct target and action but does not specify the percutaneous balloon technique. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly identifies both the percutaneous route and balloon instrument.
50055008 (Percutaneous denervation of facet)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)Facet denervation (also called facet rhizotomy or medial branch neurotomy) destroys the medial branch of a spinal nerve supplying the zygapophyseal (facet) joint; ABN.GA.AE encodes this percutaneous destruction of a spinal nerve root but is broader because it covers any spinal nerve root destruction, not specifically the facet/medial branch target.
1367531003 (Percutaneous destruction of lesion of pancreas using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)KCO.GA.AA is the best available ICHI match for pancreatic lesion destruction, but ICHI does not provide a percutaneous-specific variant for this target (unlike liver or kidney), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the percutaneous approach and imaging guidance.
609186007 (Percutaneous drainage of lesion of abdominal cavity using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)KMA.JB.AE encodes percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's core action and approach; however, it is broader because it does not constrain drainage to a specific "lesion" (e.g., abscess or cyst) and does not encode the imaging guidance qualifier specified in the SNOMED concept.
177100008 (Percutaneous fetal procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMR (Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any percutaneous fetal intervention. The closest ICHI match is the block "Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure" (BlockL5-NMR), which is broader in approach (not restricted to percutaneous) and is organisational rather than assignable; the only specifically percutaneous fetal code in ICHI is NMR.LG.AF (percutaneous dilatation of fetal heart valve), which is far too narrow.
232729000 (Percutaneous high speed rotational coronary atherectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)ICHI has no dedicated atherectomy code; rotational atherectomy is a specific percutaneous technique for mechanically debulking coronary plaque, which maps most closely to HIA.JE.AF (endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery), but that code is broader — it covers any endovascular debulking technique and does not capture the rotational/high-speed rotational specificity of the SNOMED concept.
1303775006 (Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of Morton's neuroma of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the target (peripheral nerve), matching the anatomical site and access route of Morton's neuroma cryoablation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the destruction modality (cryoablation vs. other ablation techniques) nor the specific Morton's neuroma indication, but it is the closest available ICHI category.
30973001 (Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve)ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and peripheral nerve target precisely, but uses the generic term "device" rather than specifying neurostimulator electrodes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
82258002 (Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes, intradural)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)The intradural space is contained within the spinal canal, so this target axis is anatomically appropriate; however, ICHI uses the generic "device" rather than specifying neurostimulator electrodes, and "spinal canal" is broader than the intradural compartment alone.
431762008 (Percutaneous laser decompression of intervertebral disc using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and disc destruction action at an unspecified spinal level, but does not specify the laser means or fluoroscopic guidance, and "not elsewhere classified" indicates a residual category that is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
232728008 (Percutaneous low speed rotational coronary atherectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)Rotational atherectomy is a specific percutaneous technique for mechanically debulking coronary plaque, which falls under the broader ICHI concept of endovascular extraction of obstruction from the coronary artery. ICHI does not distinguish rotational atherectomy from other endovascular coronary obstruction-removal methods, making the ICHI code wider.
367441008 (Percutaneous puncture of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)A percutaneous puncture of the kidney is the foundational step in gaining renal access and is most generically represented by percutaneous drainage of the kidney in ICHI; however, ICHI implies therapeutic drainage rather than a simple puncture for access, making the ICHI code somewhat wider and less specific than a standalone puncture procedure.
177107006 (Percutaneous sampling of chorionic villus)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.XH (Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord)Chorionic villus sampling is a percutaneous tissue specimen collection from the chorionic villi of the placenta, which maps well to ICHI's tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all three structures (placenta, amnion, cord) rather than specifically the chorionic villi, and does not specify the percutaneous route.
442010000 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of internal jugular vein using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZD.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated thrombolysis code for the internal jugular vein specifically; the head-and-neck vein block (IBD) contains only extraction of obstruction (mechanical thrombectomy), not chemical thrombolysis, so the NEC residual code IZD.DB.AF is the best available match, covering vein thrombolysis without specifying the vessel.
433113006 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of mesenteric artery using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.DB.AF is a good structural fit; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than the mesenteric artery specifically, and AF (endovascular) aligns with the percutaneous fluoroscopic approach.
431796001 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIEF.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches)The mesenteric vein drains into the portal venous system and is anatomically classified as one of its branches, so the ICHI code covering the portal vein and branches is the closest available target — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the mesenteric vein. Fluoroscopic guidance and the percutaneous approach are not encoded in this ICHI code.
439098007 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of spinal artery using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the spinal artery; the nearest available code is the NEC residual category for arterial thrombolysis. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific (naming the spinal artery and percutaneous/fluoroscopic approach), so the ICHI code is broader.
240933008 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI provides no more specific code for it; IEA.DB.AF is the best-fitting category but covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
315031003 (Percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary drain)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct)KCM.JB.AA captures the essential clinical outcome (bile duct drainage) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the percutaneous transhepatic route and the insertion of a drain device. No ICHI code combines percutaneous transhepatic access with biliary drainage specifically.
698740005 (Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy of coronary artery by rotary cutter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)Rotational atherectomy (Rotablator) removes plaque by a high-speed rotary cutter via endovascular approach, which falls within the concept of endovascular extraction of obstruction from a coronary artery; however, the ICHI code does not specify the rotary/mechanical atherectomy technique, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use, making it broader than the precise SNOMED concept.
438523006 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of middle cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)Balloon test occlusion is a specific endovascular procedure to assess tolerance to arterial occlusion before definitive treatment; IBB.AC.AF is the only ICHI code representing this procedure type but is restricted to the carotid artery, whereas the SNOMED concept targets the middle cerebral artery — the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope.
438350002 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of vertebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)IBB.AC.AF is the sole ICHI code for balloon test occlusion, but it specifies the carotid artery rather than the vertebral artery; the vertebral artery is an extracranial head-and-neck artery in the same anatomical region, making this a reasonable but still broader match since the target vessel and fluoroscopic contrast specification differ.
443463009 (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and stent insertion is a device insertion performed via a percutaneous transluminal approach, matching the action and means of IEA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries without distinguishing the superior mesenteric artery specifically.
438525004 (Percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of uterine artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular occlusion of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the uterine artery; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific target vessel (uterine artery), the temporary/balloon technique, or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making the ICHI code broader than the highly specified SNOMED concept.
428953003 (Percutaneous transluminal thrombectomy of blood vessel of liver)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)No ICHI code exists specifically for thrombectomy of a hepatic vessel; IEA.JE.AF is the closest match covering endovascular extraction of obstruction from an abdominal or pelvic artery, but it is broader (any such artery, not specifically the liver) and does not distinguish venous from arterial targets, nor does it use the term thrombectomy explicitly.
58380004 (Pericardiostomy)maps to wider conceptHFF.FA.AA (Pericardiotomy)Pericardiostomy specifically means creating a surgical opening (stoma) into the pericardium, which is a more specific act than pericardiotomy (a simple incision). HFF.FA.AA is the closest available ICHI code but covers the broader class of incising the pericardium without distinguishing the creation of a permanent or drainage opening.
80117009 (Perinasal sinusotomy)maps to wider conceptJAE.FA.AA (Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified)JAE.FA.AA represents sinusotomy of the paranasal sinus (NEC), which directly matches the concept of incising a perinasal/paranasal sinus. The ICHI code is slightly wider as a residual NEC category covering any paranasal sinus not assigned its own dedicated block, but it is the correct and best available match for a generic paranasal sinusotomy.
446429000 (Perioperative evaluation of tissue perfusion)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)Tissue perfusion evaluation in the perioperative setting is fundamentally an assessment of cardiovascular/circulatory function; HT2.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code and correctly captures the assessment action on cardiovascular function. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the perioperative context or the specific target of tissue perfusion.
252742006 (Peripheral neurophysiological procedures)maps to wider conceptACA.AC.AH (Peripheral nerve conduction study)"Peripheral neurophysiological procedures" is a broad SNOMED category covering nerve conduction studies, electromyography (via peripheral nerve), somatosensory evoked potentials, and related electrodiagnostic tests; the closest single ICHI code is ACA.AC.AH (peripheral nerve conduction study), which covers only one sub-type, so the SNOMED concept is wider than the ICHI code selected.
40580009 (Perirenal operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney)"Perirenal operation" is a non-specific SNOMED concept describing surgery in the perirenal/perinephric space; ICHI has no single category code for perirenal surgery as a class, but the block BlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney) encompasses the perirenal anatomy and is the most appropriate grouping. The block is broader than any specific perirenal procedure.
676002 (Peritoneal dialysis including cannulation)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE is a direct title match for peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the cannulation step, whereas ICHI subsumes this within the procedure without naming it separately. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader, not capturing the cannulation detail specified in SNOMED.
225400002 (Personal assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ captures a general, non-organ-specific health assessment of the whole person, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of "personal assessment." The ICHI code is slightly wider as it could encompass assessments beyond purely personal/individual scope, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes assessment of an individual person's health status.
423996006 (Personal hygiene education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptVED.PM.ZZ (Education to influence hygiene behaviours)The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities — education, guidance (advising), and counseling — each of which has a separate ICHI code (VED.PM.ZZ, VED.PN.ZZ, VED.PP.ZZ respectively) within the hygiene behaviours block. Mapping to VED.PM.ZZ alone is wider because it captures only the education component, not the full triad.
225429000 (Personal hygiene interventions)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VED (Interventions on hygiene behaviours)ICHI does not have a single assignable code for "personal hygiene interventions" as a clinical nursing/care activity; the closest structural match is the block covering hygiene behaviours, which is a public health/behavioural domain rather than direct patient care. Individual codes within VED cover specific behavioural actions (education, training, counselling about hygiene), making the block the most representative wider match.
416323006 (PET breast study)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging of breast)ICHI has no PET-specific code for the breast; LCA.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the breast broadly (action BA = imaging, means BE = nuclear/radionuclide), which includes PET as a modality but is not restricted to it, making it wider than the SNOMED concept specifying positron emission tomography specifically.
243764001 (Petrosal sinus sampling catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI has no code for inferior petrosal sinus sampling specifically; the procedure is a selective venous blood sampling technique via catheter for hormonal gradient measurement, and DIA.AH.XA (specimen collection of blood) is the closest functional match, though it is much broader — capturing none of the site-specific (petrosal sinus), catheter-based, or diagnostic gradient aspects of the SNOMED concept.
118486009 (Phalangectomy)maps to wider conceptMGB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no phalanx-specific excision code; MGB.JK.AA covers total removal of any bone of the hand or finger (including phalanges) and is the best match for finger phalangectomy, though it is wider because it includes all hand bones and does not restrict to phalanges, and it does not cover toe phalangectomy (which would require MOB.JK.AA).
443917009 (Pharmacological challenge with Class l antiarrhythmic drug to unmask ST elevation)maps to wider conceptHFC.AF.AF (Electrophysiological study of heart)ICHI has no dedicated code for a sodium-channel-blocker (ajmaline/flecainide) provocation test for Brugada pattern; the closest match is HFC.AF.AF "Electrophysiological study of heart," which covers invasive and non-invasive electrophysiological assessment of cardiac conduction but is considerably broader than this specific pharmacological challenge procedure.
265032008 (Pharyngoplasty using lateral pharyngeal flap)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)KAR.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral pharynx in general, which encompasses pharyngoplasty; however, it does not specify the technique (lateral pharyngeal flap), making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept. KAR.MK.AA "Repair of oral pharynx" represents a lesser degree of intervention than full reconstruction with a flap, so KAR.ML.AA is the closer match.
107925008 (Pharynx manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI has no code for manipulation of the pharynx specifically; the closest structural match is the block "Interventions on mouth or pharynx" (BlockL4-KAA), which covers all interventions on the pharynx region and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept of pharynx manipulation. No individual ICHI category code captures non-surgical pharyngeal manipulation (e.g. manual or instrumental repositioning), making a block-level assignment the most appropriate option.
446729004 (Photoablation of esophagus using laser)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Laser photoablation of the oesophagus is performed endoscopically and constitutes destruction of oesophageal tissue, matching the action and target well. However, ICHI does not encode "laser" as the destructive means in this code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser as the instrument.
398082008 (Photocoagulation of esophageal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Photocoagulation is a modality of tissue destruction, and the target (oesophageal lesion) matches precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish photocoagulation from other destructive means (e.g., electrocoagulation, cryotherapy) for this target, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the light-based coagulative mechanism.
359957005 (Photocoagulation of eye)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)Photocoagulation of the eye most commonly refers to chorioretinal (posterior segment) photocoagulation, and BCA.GA.AH captures destruction of a chorioretinal lesion which is the predominant clinical context. However, the SNOMED concept covers photocoagulation of the eye generically (any ocular structure), while this ICHI code is restricted to the chorioretinal target, and ICHI does not encode the photocoagulation means specifically.
408762001 (Photoscreening)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Photoscreening is a camera-based screening technique used specifically to detect refractive errors and amblyopia risk factors in children; ICHI has no dedicated photoscreening code. BTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions) is the closest available code but is significantly broader, covering any test of visual function regardless of method, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
35683002 (Phototherapy of newborn)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)PZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy) sits in the "whole body" target block and represents total-body light exposure as used in neonatal jaundice treatment, which is the primary clinical use of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to newborns and encompasses whole-body phototherapy for any indication or age group.
76260005 (Physiatric hyperextension of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI's PA action (Manipulation) encompasses passive, externally applied force to a joint including hyperextension techniques used in physical medicine and rehabilitation, and MRJ (unspecified site) accommodates the non-site-specific SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of joint manipulation, not solely physiatric hyperextension, and does not encode the physiatric (physical medicine specialist) context.
81375008 (Physical assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ represents a general health assessment of the whole person, which is the closest ICHI concept to a broad physical assessment; however, "General health assessment" is broader than "physical assessment" as it encompasses functional, psychosocial, and quality-of-life dimensions beyond the physical domain.
9044004 (Physical medicine evaluation and review for orthotic program)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The SNOMED concept describes a specific follow-up assessment focused on an orthotic program — evaluating whether the orthosis continues to meet the patient's needs — but ICHI has no code for orthotic-program-specific assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available category, sitting under "Interventions on whole person," and is broader because it is not restricted to orthotics or to a review/follow-up context.
61488002 (Physical medicine initial examination for orthotic program)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)This concept represents the initial clinical assessment carried out to determine whether an orthosis is needed and to specify its design, but ICHI contains no code dedicated to orthotic prescription assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as a person-level assessment category, though it is broader in that it covers any general health assessment rather than an orthotic-focused initial examination specifically.
79536006 (Physical medicine, initial examination, evaluation and treatment program planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessment of the whole person, which captures the evaluation/examination component, but the SNOMED concept also includes treatment program planning as an integral part of the encounter — an element not encoded in this code. No single ICHI code combines assessment plus rehabilitation treatment planning for physical medicine, so the best available match is the general health assessment, which is broader than the full SNOMED intent.
8552003 (Physical medicine, initial examination, review and planning of physiotherapy program or procedure)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised planning for a whole person, which aligns well with the planning and program design component of this SNOMED concept, but misses the initial examination/review element. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers planning generically without specifying physiotherapy context or the initial examination step.
410146009 (Physician status report assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available code for a clinician-conducted overall health status assessment of a patient as a whole person; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a formal physician-authored status report, a level of specificity not represented in ICHI.
182550007 (Physiotherapy manipulation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI's manipulation codes are all site-specific (spine, shoulder, hip, etc.) or at least joint-typed, and physiotherapy manipulation as a SNOMED concept is broader than any single joint site; MRJ.PA.AH ("unspecified site") is the closest single ICHI code, but ICHI manipulation is also restricted to joints — physiotherapy manipulation can include soft-tissue and spinal manipulation — so the ICHI code is wider in joint specificity but does not fully cover all forms of the SNOMED concept.
200849007 (Piercing of external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.FA.AA (Incision of auricle of ear)ICHI has no dedicated "piercing" code; CAC.FA.AA (Incision of auricle of ear, action FA = incision, open approach AA) is the closest structural match, as ear piercing involves a penetrating incision of the auricle. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any incision of the auricle (e.g., for abscess, trauma repair) and does not convey the cosmetic/elective nature of piercing.
428324008 (Piercing of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.FA.AC (Glossotomy)ICHI has no cosmetic piercing code; KAB.FA.AC (Glossotomy — incision of the tongue, per orifice approach AC) is the structurally nearest code, as tongue piercing involves a penetrating incision through tongue tissue. The ICHI code is wider because glossotomy encompasses any tongue incision (surgical, diagnostic, etc.) and does not capture the cosmetic elective nature of the procedure.
404672000 (Piggyback lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA correctly encodes the insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens into the lens target, which is the core act of piggyback IOL implantation. However, the ICHI code does not distinguish that this is a secondary lens implanted supplementary to an existing IOL, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
174396007 (Pilonidal sinus operation)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Pilonidal sinus surgery most commonly involves local excision of the sinus tract and surrounding tissue in the sacrococcygeal region, which falls within the trunk skin block (LAB). ICHI has no code specific to pilonidal sinus, and LAB.JI.AA is broader in that it covers any local excision of trunk skin — not exclusively pilonidal pathology — and does not capture drainage-only procedures.
42890002 (Pin retention, per tooth, in addition to restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration broadly, which subsumes pin-retained restoration as one technique. ICHI does not have a code specific to pin placement within a tooth to retain a restoration, so the available code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies pin retention as a supplementary procedure distinct from the restoration itself.
1155761006 (Positioning of pillow)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)Positioning a pillow is done to support or reposition a body part (limb, head, trunk), which aligns with ICHI's "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified" (PZX.LD.ZZ); the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the instrument (pillow) used to achieve the positioning.
229824005 (Positioning patient)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)"Positioning patient" is the general act of placing or repositioning a patient, typically meaning the whole body; PZA.LD.ZZ captures this as a whole-body positioning intervention, though it is broader than any specific positional technique (e.g., prone, lateral, Trendelenburg) implied by the SNOMED concept.
1197610004 (Positive pressure ventilation via bag and mask)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC covers artificial ventilation broadly across all delivery methods. The SNOMED concept is more specific, designating the bag-and-mask route as the means of delivery, whereas the ICHI code does not distinguish between bag-mask, mechanical, or other ventilation approaches.
1197611000 (Positive pressure ventilation via endotracheal tube)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is again the best available ICHI code for artificial ventilation, but it is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies both the positive-pressure action and the endotracheal tube as the delivery means. JBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube) captures only the device insertion act, not the ventilation itself.
398272001 (Post-anesthesia assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated post-anesthesia or post-procedural assessment code. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is broader in scope than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates the clinical evaluation performed after anesthetic administration in the recovery period.
703620007 (Post-therapy bremsstrahlung imaging)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Bremsstrahlung imaging is a specific post-therapy nuclear medicine technique that detects beta-emitting radionuclides (e.g., after Y-90 or I-131 radioembolisation) using secondary photon emission; ICHI has no code for this specific modality, and PZA.BA.BE (radioisotope scan of whole body) is the closest available nuclear imaging code but is broader, covering all radioisotope-based body scans regardless of technique or post-therapy context.
1303583003 (Post-transplant evaluation of recipient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no code specifically for post-transplant recipient evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest match as it captures a comprehensive assessment of a whole person, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns the evaluation of a transplant recipient following organ transplantation.
278729000 (Postauricular incision)maps to wider conceptCAA.FA.AA (Incision of external ear, not elsewhere classified)The postauricular (retroauricular) incision is made in the skin crease behind the auricle, used as a surgical approach for mastoid or middle ear surgery; ICHI's closest available code is CAA.FA.AA (Incision of external ear, NEC), which is broader than this specific anatomical incision site — the mastoid incision code CDA.FA.AC covers only the mastoid sinus itself, not the overlying skin approach.
164814002 (Postcoital test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)The postcoital test (Huhner test) assesses sperm-cervical mucus interaction as part of fertility investigation; ICHI has no dedicated code for this procedure, and NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) is the best available match, capturing the functional fertility assessment purpose of the test, though it is considerably broader.
1370898003 (Posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)Posterior cervical cord decompression (e.g., laminectomy, laminoplasty) is a specific surgical approach to relieve compression on the cervical spinal cord from the posterior route; ICHI's ABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord) is the closest match representing the decompressive release action on the spinal cord target, but it does not capture the cervical level or the posterior approach specificity.
1366069006 (Posterior decompression of thoracic disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)ICHI has no specific code for posterior disc decompression (laminectomy/laminotomy approach) at the thoracic level; the closest available code is thoracic discectomy, which captures disc-level intervention at the thoracic segment but does not specify the posterior approach or distinguish decompression from excision. ICHI is therefore broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1295402005 (Postmortem plain X-ray of entire body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body)ICHI captures the imaging modality (plain X-ray) and anatomical scope (whole body) precisely, but has no mechanism within the code itself to specify the postmortem context; the ICHI code is therefore broader in that it applies to any whole-body X-ray regardless of whether the subject is living or deceased.
1295431009 (Postmortem plain X-ray skeletal survey of fetus)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body)No ICHI code exists for a fetal skeletal survey or postmortem fetal radiography; the fetal imaging block (NMR) contains only ultrasound and MRI, not plain X-ray. PZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body) is the best available approximation, but it is broader as it does not capture the fetal subject, the skeletal-survey scope, or the postmortem context.
700496000 (Postoperative administration of antineoplastic agent into peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)KMA.DB.AE correctly captures the target (peritoneal cavity) and the action (injection/administration), but it does not encode the nature of the substance (antineoplastic agent) or the postoperative timing; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
78892007 (Postoperative needle aspiration for drainage of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.JB.AE (Aspiration of thyroid gland)EBA.JB.AE covers aspiration of the thyroid gland exactly in terms of the target and technique (percutaneous aspiration for drainage), but the ICHI code does not encode the postoperative clinical context, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies this is performed after prior thyroid surgery.
438547004 (Postoperative physical examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)PZA.AE.AH captures a comprehensive physical examination of the whole body, which aligns with the action performed, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the postoperative setting or purpose; any full-body physical examination would map here regardless of clinical context.
37542007 (Posttreatment stabilization, orthodontic device)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)"Management of external appliance of tooth" (KAE.SM.AC) encompasses the ongoing management of orthodontic appliances including retainers used for post-treatment stabilization, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external dental appliance management rather than being specific to orthodontic retention/stabilization after active treatment.
252953009 (Prader orchidometer assessment)maps to wider conceptNGN.AE.AH (Examination of male genital system, not elsewhere classified)The Prader orchidometer is a physical examination technique specifically used to measure testicular volume by comparison with calibrated beads; ICHI has no specific code for testicular volume measurement or orchidometer use, so the closest match is the NEC examination of the male genital system, which is considerably broader.
406153003 (Pre-admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A pre-admission assessment is a structured clinical evaluation conducted before a patient is admitted to a healthcare facility; ICHI's "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match but is broader, as it covers any general health assessment without specifying the pre-admission context or the administrative purpose that distinguishes this encounter type.
182770003 (Pre-anesthetic assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated pre-anesthetic or anesthesia-specific assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, Interventions on whole person) is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any whole-person health assessment rather than one specifically oriented toward fitness for anesthesia.
237383009 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using direct needle method)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pre-biopsy lesion localization; LCA.DL.AE (percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast) captures the core procedure — a needle is a device inserted percutaneously — but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify that the purpose is lesion localization prior to biopsy.
237382004 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using dye)maps to wider conceptLCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast)Dye localization is accomplished by percutaneous injection of a substance (dye) into the breast, which matches LCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast) mechanistically; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any injection into the breast and does not specify the localization purpose or the use of dye.
237381006 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using self retaining wire)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)Wire-guided localization (e.g., hookwire placement) involves percutaneous insertion of a wire device into the breast, which maps best to LCA.DL.AE; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the wire type, the self-retaining nature, or the pre-biopsy localization purpose.
225061008 (Pre-employment screening)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated pre-employment screening code; the closest match is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which describes a whole-person health assessment without specifying the occupational/employment context — note that SUG.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in remunerative employment) targets functional capacity for work rather than a medical fitness-for-employment health screen, making PZB.AA.ZZ the better fit.
710556008 (Pre-operative assessment of skin integrity)maps to wider conceptLTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin)LTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the skin's protective functions (barrier/integrity), which closely matches skin integrity assessment, but the ICHI code is broader — it is not restricted to the pre-operative context and encompasses all clinical settings where protective skin function is evaluated.
422759001 (Pre-procedure evaluation check)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for a general pre-procedure patient evaluation, but it is broader — it applies to any general health assessment encounter, not specifically a focused pre-procedure check, and does not capture the preparatory/procedural context.
225328009 (Pre-screening counseling)maps to wider conceptVDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours)VDB.PN.ZZ represents advising/counselling in the context of screening behaviours, which aligns with pre-screening counselling, but the ICHI code is broader — it is not limited to counselling delivered immediately before a screening test and covers a wider range of screening-behaviour interventions.
72063000 (Precision attachment)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI's entire KAE (Interventions on teeth) block contains no code for precision attachments specifically; KAE.LC.AC "Application of dental device" is the closest available code and encompasses precision attachments, but it is significantly broader, covering any dental device application rather than this specific connector-type prosthetic component.
20199003 (Precision attachment denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Like concept 72063000, ICHI has no dedicated code for precision attachment dentures; KAE.LC.AC "Application of dental device" is the broadest applicable code within the dental interventions block, but it encompasses all dental device applications rather than specifically a precision attachment-retained removable partial denture.
1287702008 (Preconception consultation)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)ICHI has no dedicated preconception counselling code; NUD.PP.ZZ "Fertility counselling" within the interventions on functions related to fertility block is the most semantically proximate code, as preconception consultation centres on fertility and reproductive planning, though the ICHI code is broader and does not specifically denote the pre-pregnancy timing or health risk assessment component.
58065003 (Prefabricated post and core in addition to bridge retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no code for post-and-core buildups or bridge retainers specifically; KAE.MK.AC "Restoration of tooth" is the closest available code as post-and-core placement is a restorative dental procedure, but it covers all tooth restoration modalities and does not distinguish prefabricated posts, cast cores, or bridge abutment contexts.
2642003 (Prefabricated post and core in addition to crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A prefabricated post-and-core build-up combined with a crown is a specific form of tooth restoration, but KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures at a broader level. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for post-and-core restorations; the closest assignable category under "Interventions on teeth" is the general restoration code.
710970004 (Prenatal assessment of breastfeeding)maps to wider conceptVEH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours)VEH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of breastfeeding behaviours generally, which encompasses the prenatal context of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code does not restrict the timing to the prenatal period, making it broader; however, it is the most specific available code for a breastfeeding-focused assessment in ICHI.
722500002 (Preoperative blood pressure measurement)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ITA.AB.AH captures the action (measurement of blood pressure) and means precisely, but is not specific to the preoperative context — it covers blood pressure measurement at any clinical moment. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped to the preoperative setting.
787911001 (Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test using bicycle ergometer)maps to wider conceptHTM.AC.ZZ (Test of exercise tolerance functions)HTM.AC.ZZ covers the functional category of exercise tolerance testing, which aligns with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), but it does not specify the bicycle ergometer modality, the cardiopulmonary measurement component, or the preoperative context — making the ICHI code considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
28792004 (Preoperative preparation of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SI.ZZ (Preparation of skin)LZZ.SI.ZZ matches the core clinical activity — preparing the skin — exactly, but is not restricted to the preoperative context; it covers skin preparation performed at any point in care, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly preoperative.
417667006 (Preoxygenation by time)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)Preoxygenation by time is a specific pre-anaesthetic technique of administering 100% oxygen for a fixed duration to maximise nitrogen washout from the lungs. ICHI's "Oxygen therapy" (PZA.DD.AC) is the closest available code but covers any therapeutic administration of supplemental oxygen, making it broader than this specific pre-intubation preparatory technique.
417028004 (Preoxygenation by vital capacity breaths)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)Preoxygenation by vital capacity breaths is a specific technique where the patient takes several maximal-depth breaths of 100% oxygen before induction of anaesthesia. As with its time-based counterpart, the only available ICHI code is "Oxygen therapy" (PZA.DD.AC), which is substantially broader and does not encode the vital capacity technique or the pre-anaesthetic context.
441276006 (Preparation of embryo for transfer)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI has no code specifically for the laboratory step of preparing an embryo prior to transfer; the closest code is NME.DH.AC, which covers the uterine transfer act itself. This code is broader because it encompasses the transfer procedure rather than the pre-transfer embryo preparation step, and it is anatomically scoped to the uterus rather than the embryo as target.
234831001 (Preparation of pattern for cast restoration of tooth at chairside)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers dental restoration of a tooth generally and is the closest ICHI category; however, the SNOMED concept is specifically the chairside patterning/preparation step for an indirect cast (metal/ceramic) restoration, which is only one sub-step within the broader restoration process.
1340197004 (Preparation of root canal of tooth and insertion of preformed post)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)KAE.ML.AC covers root canal therapy broadly, which encompasses canal preparation, but the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it also includes insertion of a preformed (endodontic) post — a distinct additional step not captured by the ICHI code. No dedicated post-insertion code exists in ICHI's dental block, making KAE.ML.AC the closest available match at a broader level.
787373001 (Preparation of slide from specimen)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest ICHI concept, as slide preparation from a specimen is a core step in histopathological analysis; however, the ICHI code refers to the broader discipline/test rather than specifically to the preparatory step of making a slide, making it a wider match. No dedicated ICHI code for slide preparation itself exists.
234739007 (Preparation of tooth for inlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Preparation of a tooth for an inlay is a precursor step within the broader dental restoration workflow; KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest available ICHI code and conceptually encompasses tooth restorative procedures including inlay preparation, but it is broader than the specific cavity-preparation step described in the SNOMED concept. No inlay-specific or tooth-preparation code exists in ICHI's dental block.
79540002 (Prescribing, fitting and supervision of ocular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH covers management of ocular prosthetics broadly, which encompasses the fitting and supervision components of the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not explicitly include the prescribing/ordering step, making it slightly broader in scope and missing the prescriptive element.
63686000 (Prescribing, fitting and supply of ocular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH is the closest available ICHI code, covering management of ocular prosthetics including fitting; the SNOMED concept additionally specifies prescribing and supply (provision of the device), so the ICHI code is broader and does not fully capture the supply/dispensing dimension.
449022001 (Prescription of contact lens)maps to wider conceptUAD.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no dedicated code for prescribing contact lenses specifically; UAD.TI.ZZ covers prescription of assistive/personal-use products broadly, making it a wider match. The only contact-lens code in ICHI (BBB.DK.AH) refers to therapeutic bandage lens application, not prescribing corrective contact lenses.
183131009 (Prescription of spectacles)maps to wider conceptUAD.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI contains no specific code for prescribing spectacles; the spectacles entry found in ICHI is a device/product entry without an assigned code. UAD.TI.ZZ is the best available match as prescribing spectacles is a prescription of a personal-use assistive product, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
2488002 (Prescription, fitting and dispensing of contact lens)maps to wider conceptUAD.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living)This SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (prescription, fitting, dispensing), none of which map precisely in ICHI; UAD.TI.ZZ captures only the prescription component and is broader in scope, while the fitting/dispensing aspects have no ICHI equivalent.
444598000 (Pretransplant evaluation of donor)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated "pretransplant donor evaluation" code; the closest available concept is the whole-person general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ), which covers the structured clinical assessment performed on a potential donor but is broader as it does not specify the transplant context or the donor role.
1303222006 (Pretransplant evaluation of recipient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)As with the donor evaluation, ICHI contains no specific pretransplant recipient workup code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the best available match but is wider because it does not encode the pre-transplant indication or recipient-specific workup scope.
1287703003 (Pretravel consultation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated travel medicine consultation code, and searching for "travel", "consultation", and related terms returned no results; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the nearest whole-person assessment code but does not capture the travel-specific advisory nature of the encounter (risk assessment, vaccination planning, malaria prophylaxis, etc.).
418526005 (Prevention education)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)ICHI's "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified" (VC1.PM.ZZ) is the broadest unspecified prevention-oriented education code available; however, "Prevention education" as a SNOMED concept is even broader (spanning disease prevention, injury prevention, health literacy, and behavioural education across all domains), making the ICHI code wider relative to any one application but still only a partial approximation of the full SNOMED scope.
1360026005 (Prevention of substance use disorder)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VA1 (Interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours)ICHI does not have a code specifically for "prevention of substance use disorder"; the parent block BlockL3-VA1 covers all interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours regardless of intent (treatment, harm reduction, or prevention), making it wider than the narrowly preventive SNOMED concept.
108224003 (Preventive patient evaluation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any whole-person assessment, not only those performed for preventive purposes. ICHI has no modifier or separate code that restricts an assessment explicitly to preventive intent.
179874005 (Primary arthroscopic allograft ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic approach and ligament reconstruction at the knee, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between allograft and autograft graft sources nor does it mark the procedure as a primary (versus revision) operation, making the ICHI code broader.
179873004 (Primary arthroscopic autograft ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)As with concept 179874005, MML.ML.AB is the best available ICHI code for arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction, but it does not differentiate graft type (autograft vs. allograft) or primary versus revision status, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
179185009 (Primary cast immobilization of fracture)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH captures the application of a cast (the immobilization action), which is the core intervention in cast immobilization of a fracture, but the code is broader as it applies to any body site and does not encode the fracture context or the "primary" (first-time) nature of the procedure.
179640009 (Primary closed reduction of dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AH captures closed reduction of a joint (the primary procedure in a dislocation reduction) at an unspecified site, matching the site-unspecified SNOMED concept; however, the code does not encode the additional skin traction component or the "primary" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
179177000 (Primary closed reduction of fracture and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of a bone fracture at an unspecified site, which is the principal surgical act in this combined procedure; the code does not encode the subsequent cast immobilization component, the fracture context explicitly, or the "primary" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
179648002 (Primary closed reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies a compound procedure (closed reduction of a fracture-dislocation plus skin traction application) at an unspecified anatomical site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AH captures only the closed reduction of the joint (the defining element of a fracture-dislocation), omitting the skin traction component and the fracture dimension, making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED meaning.
179607000 (Primary open reduction of dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept describes open surgical reduction of a dislocation (joint injury) combined with skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the joint component but does not encode the concurrent skin traction application, so it is broader than the complete SNOMED procedure.
179053008 (Primary open reduction of fracture and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept combines open reduction of a fracture (bone injury) with subsequent cast immobilization; ICHI MRB.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of the bone at an unspecified site, omitting the cast immobilization step (which would be separately coded as PZX.LC.AH), making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
179055001 (Primary open reduction of fracture and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept describes open reduction of a fracture (bone injury) combined with skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRB.LD.AA encodes only the open reduction of the bone, without capturing the skin traction component, making it broader than the full SNOMED procedure bundle.
179615002 (Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies open reduction of a fracture-dislocation (a combined bone and joint injury) plus skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AA represents the joint-reduction element (the defining feature of a dislocation component), but omits both the fracture aspect and the skin traction, so the ICHI code is broader than the complete SNOMED procedure.
429550000 (Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of thoracic intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction approach to an intervertebral disc, which is semantically aligned with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. However, it is broader in two ways: it does not specify the thoracic level (MBV = unspecified site, versus MBH = thoracic), and it does not distinguish the radiofrequency means; no thoracic-specific percutaneous destruction code exists in ICHI (unlike lumbar, which has MBN.GA.AE).
177864003 (Primary repair of inguinal hernia and reduction of sliding hernia)maps to wider conceptPAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)PAM.MK.AA covers repair of inguinal hernia generally but does not specify the sliding subtype or the reduction manoeuvre; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept, which is limited to primary repair with concurrent sliding hernia reduction.
429516009 (Procedure involving suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.LI.AE (Percutaneous cystotomy)NAI.LI.AE (percutaneous cystotomy) captures the suprapubic percutaneous approach to the bladder that characterises suprapubic catheterisation, but the ICHI code refers broadly to any percutaneous cystotomy and does not specify catheter insertion or ongoing catheter management; additionally the SNOMED concept encompasses all procedures involving a suprapubic catheter (insertion, replacement, removal, irrigation), making the ICHI code wider in some dimensions and not a precise match.
118773004 (Procedure on Bartholin's gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMI (Interventions on vulva)ICHI has no dedicated block or category for Bartholin's gland specifically; the closest anatomical grouper is "Interventions on vulva" (BlockL5-NMI), which is broader as it encompasses the entire vulva rather than the Bartholin's gland alone. The only ICHI entry for "Bartholin gland" (XA27K9) is a pure anatomy extension code, not an assignable intervention code.
118804001 (Procedure on blood vessel)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZE (Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on any blood vessel; BlockL5-IZE groups interventions on unclassified blood vessels and sits under the circulatory system chapter, making it the closest structural match. It is wider because ICHI also has numerous more-specific blocks for arteries, veins, and named vessels (intracranial, carotid, coronary, etc.) that fall outside this residual block.
129233004 (Procedure on bone (organ))maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRB (Interventions on bone unspecified site)ICHI's BlockL5-MRB captures the full range of interventions on bone at an unspecified site, which mirrors the organ-level, site-agnostic intent of this SNOMED category concept. It is wider because ICHI also organises bone interventions by specific anatomical site (shoulder, thigh, skull, etc.) across many sibling blocks, none of which alone covers all bone.
118672003 (Procedure on cardiovascular system)maps to wider conceptIZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified)ICHI organises heart and vessel procedures under the umbrella "Interventions on the circulatory system," which is semantically equivalent to "cardiovascular system." The residual category code IZZ.ZZ.ZZ covers the full scope of that system; the block itself (BlockL3) is not assignable, so this is the closest assignable code, though it is a residual/unspecified catch-all that is broader in intent than the SNOMED concept.
118821005 (Procedure on digestive organ)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system)ICHI does not distinguish between "digestive organ" and "digestive system" as separate scoping levels; the closest encompassing structure is BlockL3-KAA "Interventions on the digestive system," which is wider than the SNOMED concept (which excludes digestive system-level functions and covers organs specifically, while KAA spans the entire system including functions, mouth, GI tract, hepatobiliary, etc.).
118891001 (Procedure on ear)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-CAA (Interventions on the ear or mastoid)BlockL3-CAA is the top-level ICHI block covering all ear interventions (external ear, middle ear, internal ear, mastoid sinus, and ear functions), making it a reasonable structural match for the SNOMED category "Procedure on ear." It is slightly wider because it explicitly includes the mastoid, which is not named in the SNOMED concept.
118949002 (Procedure on extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI has no single block covering procedures on the extremity (upper and lower limb together); the closest structural grouping is the musculoskeletal system chapter BlockL3-MAA, which is substantially broader as it also includes the trunk, vertebral column, head/neck, and musculoskeletal functions. Separate upper-limb NEC (BlockL4-MIS) and lower-limb NEC (BlockL4-MQS) blocks exist but neither covers both extremities as a unit.
118897002 (Procedure on eye)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system)BlockL3-BAA is the top-level ICHI chapter for all eye-related interventions and encompasses eyelid, lacrimal system, orbit, anterior and posterior segment, ocular muscles, and visual functions, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the eye organ itself; no narrower single ICHI block covers "the eye" as a whole without also including adnexal or functional targets.
118753009 (Procedure on fascia)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRS (Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "fascia" block; fascia is classified jointly with ligaments in multiple site-specific blocks (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, lower leg, foot) with no single unifying code. BlockL5-MRS "Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site" is the closest broader grouping that could subsume fascia procedures at any site, though it covers all soft tissue types beyond fascia alone.
118820006 (Procedure on floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth block or category; the floor of mouth target (XA8EY7) exists in the extension axis but no corresponding procedure block is defined for it. The closest structural grouping is BlockL4-KAA "Interventions on mouth or pharynx," which is significantly broader as it also includes lip, tongue, teeth, gum, salivary glands, and pharynx.
118674002 (Procedure on genitourinary system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-NAA (Interventions on the genitourinary system)BlockL3-NAA is the top-level ICHI block covering all interventions on the genitourinary system, which semantically corresponds to this broad SNOMED category. The closest assignable category code NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual "unspecified" catch-all, so the block is the better structural match; the ICHI block is wider in that it subsumes every specific genitourinary procedure under it.
118819000 (Procedure on gum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum)BlockL5-KAG is ICHI's dedicated organisational block for all interventions on the gum, directly matching the scope of this SNOMED category concept. No single assignable category code covers "any procedure on the gum" — the block is therefore the best match and is wider because it subsumes every specific gum procedure beneath it.
118797008 (Procedure on heart)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HZA (Interventions on heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a single block or code capturing "all interventions on the heart" at the top level; cardiac interventions are divided across multiple L4 blocks (atrium HAA, ventricle HBA, valves HDE, endocardium/pericardium/myocardium HFA, coronary arteries HIA, and NEC HZA). BlockL4-HZA is the most relevant NEC grouping, but it only covers the residual heart cases; a broader designation would be the parent cardiovascular chapter. Given this structural mismatch, BlockL4-HZA is selected as the closest related block with a wider relationship.
118685000 (Procedure on hematopoietic system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-DAA (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)BlockL3-DAA is ICHI's top-level block for all interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, which is the closest structural equivalent to this SNOMED category. The ICHI block is slightly wider because it also encompasses the lymphatic system, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the hematopoietic system.
118861006 (Procedure on hymen)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMH (Interventions on vagina)ICHI contains only one hymen-specific code (NMH.JJ.AC Hymenectomy), which is far too narrow for the parent SNOMED category. The hymen is anatomically classified under the vagina block in ICHI (BlockL5-NMH), making this block the best available match, though it is broader than the hymen alone.
118745001 (Procedure on joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRJ (Interventions on joint unspecified site)ICHI organises joint interventions by specific anatomical site, with BlockL5-MRJ "Interventions on joint unspecified site" being the closest generic equivalent; the full scope of joint procedures spans multiple site-specific blocks. BlockL5-MRJ is the best single code but captures only the unspecified-site residual.
439487004 (Procedure on jugular vein using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IBD (Interventions on vein of head and neck, extracranial)ICHI does not have a jugular-vein-specific code; the jugular vein falls anatomically within BlockL5-IBD covering all extracranial head-and-neck veins and all procedure types, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both jugular vein and imaging guidance.
118851004 (Procedure on kidney)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney)BlockL5-NAA groups all interventions on the kidney and is the direct ICHI structural parallel. The block is slightly wider as an organisational grouping rather than a specific procedure, but covers exactly the kidney target.
118772009 (Procedure on lacrimal gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BAD (Interventions on lacrimal apparatus)ICHI has no dedicated "lacrimal gland" block; BlockL5-BAD encompasses the gland, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct, and puncta — making it broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the gland itself.
123865001 (Procedure on larynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAN (Interventions on larynx and epiglottis)BlockL5-JAN is the most specific ICHI block corresponding to laryngeal procedures, but its scope also includes the epiglottis, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept limited to the larynx alone.
118815006 (Procedure on lip)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAA (Interventions on lip)BlockL5-KAA is the dedicated ICHI block for lip interventions and maps directly to this SNOMED category; coded as wider because it is an organisational block grouping all procedure types on the lip rather than a single assignable procedure code.
118794001 (Procedure on lung)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBF (Interventions on lung parenchyma)BlockL5-JBF is the closest ICHI grouping covering the full range of interventions on the lung, scoped to lung parenchyma. The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent.
129253000 (Procedure on lymphoid organ)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-DAA (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)ICHI does not have a dedicated block for "lymphoid organ"; lymphoid organs are distributed across separate L4 blocks all under BlockL3-DAA. The L3 block is wider because it also includes bone marrow and blood interventions.
128313009 (Procedure on male genital organ)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NGA (Interventions on male genital system)The ICHI block "Interventions on male genital system" encompasses all sub-blocks (prostate, scrotum, testis, penis, spermatic cord), making it wider relative to the SNOMED concept which is itself a category grouper.
118696008 (Procedure on mediastinum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JCG (Interventions on mediastinal space)The SNOMED grouper corresponds directly to the ICHI block "Interventions on mediastinal space" (BlockL5-JCG), the parent of all specific mediastinum procedure codes. The block is wider as it is an organisational grouping.
118847001 (Procedure on mesentery)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI has no dedicated mesentery block; the mesentery is anatomically a peritoneal fold, so procedures fall under "Interventions on peritoneum" (BlockL4-KMA), which encompasses all peritoneal structures, not just the mesentery.
118739009 (Procedure on muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRM (Interventions on muscle unspecified site)The SNOMED concept groups all muscle procedures regardless of site, corresponding to BlockL5-MRM. The ICHI block is wider as it is an organisational grouper containing site-specific sub-blocks for every body region.
118666003 (Procedure on musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)The SNOMED concept aligns semantically with the ICHI chapter-level block (BlockL3-MAA). The ICHI block is wider as it is the root of the entire musculoskeletal hierarchy spanning bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and soft tissues.
118678004 (Procedure on nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified)AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified category under ICHI's top-level "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions" block. The ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses mental functions, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to the nervous system alone.
118848006 (Procedure on omentum)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI classifies the omentum under the peritoneum block (KMA), with omentum-specific codes such as KMA.JH.AA and KMA.LD.AA sitting within this block. BlockL4-KMA is wider because it covers all peritoneal tissue, not just the omentum.
118880008 (Procedure on peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ACA (Interventions on peripheral nervous system)The ICHI block encompasses the full peripheral nervous system (which includes peripheral nerves as its primary content). BlockL4-ACA is the best structural match as a grouper code, with very high semantic overlap.
439489001 (Procedure on portal venous system using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IEF (Interventions on portal vein and branches)The ICHI block covers all interventions on the portal vein and branches regardless of approach, whereas the SNOMED concept restricts to procedures performed under imaging guidance; no single ICHI code encodes that guidance qualifier.
118669005 (Procedure on respiratory system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-JAA (Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech)The closest ICHI block (BlockL3-JAA) is wider because it also encompasses voice and speech interventions, which fall outside the anatomical scope of the respiratory system as intended by the SNOMED grouper.
118777003 (Procedure on salivary duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI combines the salivary gland and salivary duct into a single block (BlockL5-KAM); the SNOMED concept is restricted specifically to the duct, so the ICHI block is anatomically broader.
118768005 (Procedure on salivary gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)The ICHI block "Interventions on salivary gland" (BlockL5-KAM) covers the full range of procedures on the salivary gland and is the closest structural match. It is a block (not an assignable category code), making it broader than a specific procedure.
118876003 (Procedure on seminal vesicle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGA (Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle)ICHI groups the seminal vesicle together with the prostate in block BlockL5-NGA — there is no standalone seminal vesicle block. The block is wider because it encompasses prostate interventions as well.
699998000 (Procedure on skeletal muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRM (Interventions on muscle unspecified site)ICHI does not have a "skeletal muscle" target as such; the closest unifying block is BlockL5-MRM under the musculoskeletal system chapter, encompassing procedures on muscle regardless of site. Wider as it is a non-assignable block.
118718002 (Procedure on skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)The ICHI block "Interventions on skin" (BlockL4-LAA) is the direct structural equivalent, grouping all skin intervention sub-blocks under one heading. It is a block rather than an assignable category, making it broader in scope.
118726005 (Procedure on subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI does not separate subcutaneous tissue from skin as a distinct block — all body-region subcutaneous tissue blocks are nested under BlockL4-LAA "Interventions on skin." The ICHI block is therefore broader.
118882000 (Procedure on sympathetic ganglion)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI does not have a code specifically for the sympathetic ganglion; its sympathetic nervous system codes target the sympathetic nerve/chain by spinal level, with ADA.ZZ.ZZ as the unspecified residual. Wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept.
118744002 (Procedure on tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRT (Interventions on tendon unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated block for tendon sheath; tendon sheath procedures appear as individual codes scattered within tendon blocks. BlockL5-MRT is the best available container, but it covers all tendon interventions rather than tendon sheath specifically.
118918007 (Procedure on thymus)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DBA (Interventions on thymus)BlockL4-DBA is the ICHI organizational block grouping all interventions on the thymus, semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept. The ICHI block is slightly wider as it is a grouping node rather than an assignable category code.
118766009 (Procedure on thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBA (Interventions on thyroid gland)BlockL5-EBA groups all ICHI interventions on the thyroid gland, directly matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. The block is wider in that it is a non-assignable grouping rather than a specific procedure code.
118827009 (Procedure on tongue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAB (Interventions on tongue)BlockL5-KAB groups all ICHI interventions on the tongue, directly matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. As with the other high-level SNOMED concepts, the ICHI equivalent is a non-assignable block rather than a leaf category.
129254006 (Procedure on tracheobronchial tree)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JBA (Interventions on lower respiratory tract)ICHI has no single block for the "tracheobronchial tree" as a combined anatomical target; trachea (BlockL5-JBA) and bronchus (BlockL5-JBB) are separate child blocks under BlockL4-JBA, which also includes lung parenchyma, making it somewhat wider.
771330009 (Procedure on uvula)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAS (Interventions on soft palate)ICHI does not have a dedicated block for interventions specifically on the uvula; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate, and all uvula-related procedure codes sit within the soft palate block, broader than the uvula-only SNOMED concept.
34837004 (Process audit)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)A "process audit" in a healthcare context is a structured evaluation of how care processes are carried out, which falls within assessment of health services. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the full domain rather than the specific "process audit" technique.
12672009 (Proctolysis)maps to wider conceptKBW.JA.AC (Irrigation of rectum)Proctolysis (Murphy drip) is a slow rectal infusion of fluid, most closely represented by irrigation of the rectum in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as "irrigation" covers cleansing/flushing contexts whereas proctolysis specifically refers to slow fluid administration for hydration purposes.
1263398006 (Proctoscopic control of rectal bleeding using electrocoagulation)maps to wider conceptKBW.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of bleeding of rectum)ICHI has no code specific to the electrocoagulation means; KBW.LA.AD captures the target (rectum), action (control of bleeding), and endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish electrocoagulation from other endoscopic haemostatic methods.
310359007 (Prognosis counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to counseling about prognosis; PZB.PP.ZZ is the generic residual counselling code under the "whole person" target, broader than the prognosis-focused SNOMED concept.
710153008 (Promotion of adherence to medication using pill dose dispenser)maps to wider conceptUAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications)UAC.RB.ZZ covers practical support to help a patient manage their medications, which encompasses the use of a pill dose dispenser to promote adherence; however it is broader as it does not specify the dispenser means or the adherence-promotion intent specifically.
1193608002 (Prophylactic internal fixation of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)MLB.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into the femur, which is the core procedure of internal fixation, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the prophylactic intent nor the type of internal fixation device.
713086005 (Prophylactic internal fixation of humerus using metal nail)maps to wider conceptMEB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of humerus)MEB.DN.AA covers device implantation into the humerus, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the prophylactic intent, the specific means (metal nail / intramedullary nail), or the open surgical approach.
447421006 (Prophylactic mastectomy)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)LCA.JK.AA captures the surgical removal of the entire breast (total mastectomy), which is the standard procedure in prophylactic mastectomy. ICHI does not encode the prophylactic intent.
713285002 (Prophylactic oophorectomy)maps to wider conceptNMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy)NMA.JK.AA describes total excision of the ovary and matches the surgical act precisely; ICHI does not capture the prophylactic indication, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1332557001 (Prophylactic transfusion of convalescent plasma)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)DIA.DG.AF is the only ICHI code for transfusion and covers all blood products including plasma; it does not distinguish convalescent plasma specifically nor encode the prophylactic purpose.
28436000 (Prospective audit)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)A prospective audit is a specific form of structured, forward-looking assessment of health services against standards, which falls within UEP.AA.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of assessment without specifying the prospective design.
1193692007 (Prostatectomy using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptNGA.JL.AB (Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy)ICHI has a dedicated extension code XG5Z48 "With robotic assistance" that can be appended to NGA.JL.AB; however, the SNOMED concept does not specify "radical" nor "laparoscopic", making the ICHI combination slightly broader in surgical intent and approach specificity.
232893000 (Prosthetic replacement of atrioventricular valve chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for prosthetic replacement specifically of the chordae tendineae; HDF.MK.AA covers repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which includes the chordae tendineae), but is broader and does not distinguish tricuspid from mitral.
232791006 (Prosthetic replacement of tricuspid chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI has no code specific to prosthetic replacement of the chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve; HDH.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the entire tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus, broader than the SNOMED concept.
311570008 (Protected swallow technique)maps to wider conceptKTC.SC.ZZ (Facilitating swallowing)"Protected swallow technique" is a specific compensatory manoeuvre used in dysphagia management; KTC.SC.ZZ is the nearest ICHI code and covers the broader act of supporting safe swallowing function, but is not specific to a protective technique.
1052337007 (Protein and/or protein derivative modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)"Food modification" is the closest ICHI code covering deliberate alteration of a person's diet content, which encompasses protein-restricted or protein-modified diets. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any food modification.
223457009 (Providing material)maps to wider conceptUA1.RD.ZZ (Providing products and technology, unspecified)"Providing material" is a broad SNOMED concept for supplying any physical material; UA1.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is itself broad and encompasses technology provision beyond raw material. No more specific "material supply" category exists in ICHI.
243761009 (Provision for addition to foot orthosis)maps to wider conceptPND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)PND.DP.AH covers installation of any assistive product to the foot, encompassing foot orthosis fitting, but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to adding a component to an existing foot orthosis — a narrower clinical action.
370878002 (Provision of adult day center care)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)Adult day center care is a community-based social support service for adults; no ICHI code specifically captures day center care, making UEO.RG.ZZ the best available but clearly broader match.
762227003 (Provision of advice about aerobic exercise)maps to wider conceptVEB.PN.ZZ (Advising about physical activity behaviours)VEB.PN.ZZ covers advising about physical activity behaviours broadly, which includes aerobic exercise but is not restricted to it; ICHI has no code specific to aerobic exercise advice.
1345183009 (Provision of advice about housing)maps to wider conceptUEE.PN.ZZ (Advising about housing services, systems and policies)UEE.PN.ZZ directly represents advising about housing, aligning closely with the SNOMED concept; the ICHI title's "services, systems and policies" framing is marginally broader than plain housing advice.
716733008 (Provision of ambulance with stretcher facility)maps to wider conceptUEH.RG.ZZ (Providing transportation services, systems and policies)ICHI contains no ambulance-specific code; UEH.RG.ZZ represents the provision of transportation services, the closest structural match to provisioning an ambulance service, though it is far broader.
713836000 (Provision of anticipatory care medication)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)UAC.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing medications in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not capture the specific anticipatory/prophylactic nature of medications prescribed in advance for expected future symptoms.
736163003 (Provision of bariatric equipment)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Bariatric equipment fits under goods for personal use in daily living, but the ICHI code is non-specific and covers any such goods with no reference to bariatric specialisation.
716731005 (Provision of bariatric transport)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)Bariatric transport maps best to the ICHI concept of providing goods for mobility and transportation, but the ICHI code is generic and does not capture the bariatric (weight-specific) specialisation.
445154003 (Provision of bladder vibration stimulation device)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A bladder vibration stimulation device is an assistive/therapeutic product provided for personal use in daily living, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though no specific ICHI code exists for this device type.
763379009 (Provision of chaperone)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)A chaperone most closely corresponds to a personal care provider/personal assistant role; UCH.RG.ZZ captures the provision of that support-person service but is broader, covering all personal care provider support.
415185004 (Provision of child day center care)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)Child day centre care is a community-based social support service; ICHI has no specific code for child day centre care, making UEO.RG.ZZ the most applicable but considerably broader category.
243735005 (Provision of closed circuit television)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)In a health context, CCTV is typically provided as an assistive/communication technology (e.g., video magnifier for low-vision); UAF.RD.ZZ covers provision of communication technology goods more broadly.
1268695002 (Provision of clothing)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Clothing is a product used in daily living, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the ICHI category for providing such goods, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all personal-use daily-living goods rather than clothing specifically.
1351555004 (Provision of domestic vacuum cleaner)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)UAD.RD.ZZ covers provision of any goods for personal daily living use, which encompasses a domestic vacuum cleaner; ICHI is considerably broader and does not specify the type of product.
1351798002 (Provision of financial advice)maps to wider conceptSV2.PN.ZZ (Advising about engaging in economic life, not elsewhere classified)SV2.PN.ZZ combines the ICHI advising action (PN) with the economic life target (SV2), aligning well with financial advice; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all economic life advice rather than financial matters specifically.
716735001 (Provision of fixed wing air ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)"Transporting person" captures the act of moving a patient, the core activity of an air ambulance, but covers all modes of patient transport with no specificity for fixed-wing aircraft.
243726003 (Provision of headband telescope)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)UAD.RD.ZZ covers provision of goods for personal daily living, which encompasses dispensing a headband telescopic low-vision device, but the ICHI code is generic across all such products and does not differentiate optical or low-vision aids.
710921003 (Provision of health promotion service for child development)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)UEP.RG.ZZ represents the general act of providing health services, which encompasses health promotion services for child development; ICHI has no code that captures child-development-focused health promotion specifically.
716734002 (Provision of helicopter air ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code capturing patient transport; it is broader because it applies to all transport modes and does not distinguish rotary-wing (helicopter) aircraft from any other vehicle type.
243757003 (Provision of incontinence appliance)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)No specific ICHI code exists for provision of an incontinence appliance; UAD.RD.ZZ covers providing any goods for personal daily living, which subsumes incontinence appliances but is broader than this specific act.
721775007 (Provision of information about psychosis)maps to wider conceptATF.PM.ZZ (Education about global psychosocial functions)Psychosis maps to the ICHI target "global psychosocial functions" (ATF), and ATF.PM.ZZ represents providing education about those functions; however, this code is broader than psychosis specifically.
704029003 (Provision of infusion pump for enteral feeding)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)There is no specific ICHI code for supplying an enteral feeding infusion pump; UAD.RD.ZZ covers providing any assistive goods for daily living and is the best available match, though considerably broader.
243710004 (Provision of low vision aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for low vision aid provision; UAD.TI.ZZ covers prescribing products for daily living, which captures the prescriptive act of supplying an assistive device such as a low vision aid.
243753004 (Provision of mouth opening appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A mouth opening appliance (e.g., jaw-opening splint for trismus) is a type of dental/oral device; KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all dental device applications and not specifically mouth-opening appliances.
827127002 (Provision of orthopedic feeding plate)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An orthopedic feeding plate (e.g., a neonatal palatal plate used before cleft repair) is an intraoral dental device; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering all dental device applications.
711176003 (Provision of orthopedic stretcher)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)An orthopedic stretcher is an assistive/supportive product applied to the body for musculoskeletal immobilization; PZX.DP.AH is the closest available code but is broader and non-specific to orthopedic stretchers.
228595003 (Provision of orthosis)maps to wider conceptPZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)An orthosis is an externally applied assistive device used to support, align, or correct musculoskeletal structures; PZX.DP.AH is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as ICHI lists orthoses as product extension codes rather than procedure codes.
715930009 (Provision of patient escort)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)Escorting a patient is semantically closest to PZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person), which covers moving a patient from one location to another; however, it is broader as it encompasses all patient transport rather than specifically supervised escort.
733920005 (Provision of pressure relieving mattress)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)ICHI recognises "Pressure relief mattresses" as a product category but with no standalone assignable intervention code; the best assignable code is UAD.RD.ZZ, which subsumes the act of supplying a pressure-relieving mattress.
733849003 (Provision of quiet environment)maps to wider conceptUBJ.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence sound)UBJ.TM.ZZ captures any intervention that modifies the environment to alter sound levels, including creating a quiet environment, but is broader because it also covers interventions aimed at increasing or changing sound.
228619002 (Provision of ramp)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)ICHI lists "Portable ramps" and "Fixed ramps" as product entities but they carry no standalone assignable intervention codes; UAE.RD.ZZ is the best assignable code representing the act of supplying mobility-enabling products.
313124001 (Provision of removable artificial eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)BZZ.SM.AH explicitly addresses ocular prosthetics management, which includes fitting and provision of an artificial eye, but is broader because "management" encompasses ongoing care, adjustments, and review beyond the initial provision act.
183117009 (Provision of removable denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of dental devices, the closest assignable ICHI code to fitting a removable denture; it is broader because "dental device" encompasses fixed, removable, and therapeutic appliances beyond dentures alone.
1230127008 (Provision of snack between regular meals)maps to wider conceptUAB.RD.ZZ (Providing food)"Providing food" (UAB.RD.ZZ) is the closest ICHI category, as it captures the act of supplying food to a person; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates a supplemental snack administered between regular meals as a health intervention.
12991007 (Provision of stents or bite blocks)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A bite block is a dental device, and KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth; stents in this dental/airway context (e.g., oral stents used during radiotherapy) also fall under dental device application, though the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish bite blocks or stents from other dental devices.
243746008 (Provision of talking book)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)A talking book (audio-format book for visually impaired or print-disabled individuals) is a communication product being provided, which fits under UAF.RD.ZZ (providing goods for communication). The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any communication goods, not specifically talking books.
243739004 (Provision of task lighting)maps to wider conceptUBH.RD.ZZ (Providing goods in relation to aspects of light)Task lighting is a physical good provided to modify the light environment, which maps to UBH.RD.ZZ (providing goods in relation to aspects of light). The ICHI code is broader as it covers any goods related to light, not specifically task/localised lighting products.
716730006 (Provision of taxi)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)Provision of taxi is the arrangement of a transportation service, but ICHI's closest match — UAE.RD.ZZ (providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation) — is broader, covering physical products rather than transport services specifically; no ICHI code precisely captures provision of a taxi service.
74385000 (Provision of therapeutic radionuclide)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)A therapeutic radionuclide (e.g. I-131, Lu-177) is a medicinal/pharmaceutical substance administered for treatment, making UAC.RD.ZZ (providing medications) the best available match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all medications, and does not specifically address radiopharmaceuticals; ICHI's only radionuclide-specific codes (e.g. EBA.GA.BE) encode the destructive procedure itself rather than the act of providing the agent.
984521000000103 (Provision of transport by car)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)ICHI's PZB.TJ.ZZ (transporting person, under interventions on whole person) is the closest match to provision of transport by car, capturing the act of physically conveying a person. It is broader as it does not specify the vehicle type (car vs. ambulance vs. other), and also encompasses the broader concept of transporting rather than narrowly "provision of" a car-based service.
243709009 (Provision of visual appliance)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no dedicated code for dispensing optical appliances (spectacles, low-vision aids, contact lenses). UAD.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing any assistive product for personal daily use, which encompasses visual appliances, but is broader because it includes all personal-use assistive products rather than visual aids specifically.
243747004 (Provision of wireless)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)"Provision of wireless" in clinical context refers to providing wireless communication technology (e.g., assistive communication devices). UAF.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI match covering provision of communication products and technology, but it is broader as it encompasses all communication goods rather than wireless technology specifically.
87489005 (Provisional splinting, extracoronal)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no code specifically for dental splinting (provisional or otherwise) at either the extracoronal or intracoronal level. KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available match because an extracoronal provisional splint is a device applied to the external surfaces of teeth, but the ICHI code covers any dental device application, making it substantially broader.
57875001 (Provisional splinting, intracoronal)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)As with extracoronal splinting, ICHI has no dedicated code for intracoronal dental splinting. KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available approximation, since an intracoronal splint is a device placed within the tooth structure, but the ICHI code is far broader and does not distinguish between intracoronal and extracoronal approaches.
45392008 (Psychologic evaluation or test procedure)maps to wider conceptAS1.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions across the full unspecified mental functions domain, which encompasses psychological evaluation broadly. The ICHI code is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to evaluation/test — the "unspecified" qualifier means it could also encompass monitoring — but it is the closest assignable code for a psychological test procedure without a more specific mental-function subtype being identified.
270914005 (Psychological analysis)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)ICHI has no specific "psychological analysis" code; AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions in the broadest unspecified sense, which encompasses psychological analysis but is not as specific — the ICHI code is broader in scope since it groups all unspecified mental function assessments rather than singling out psychological analysis as a distinct analytical intervention.
171022008 (Psychological counseling)maps to wider conceptAS1.PP.ZZ (Counselling for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for psychological counselling, using the PP (counselling) action on the mental functions target; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all unspecified mental function counselling rather than being restricted to a psychologically-framed counselling encounter specifically.
390822007 (Psychological therapies)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)"Psychological therapies" as a SNOMED grouper concept encompasses the broad range of psychologically-based treatments; AS1.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified) is the best available ICHI match but is wider because it is an unspecified residual category covering all mental functions rather than being anchored to a specifically psychological framing, and "psychological therapies" also includes approaches beyond formal psychotherapy.
408919008 (Psychosocial care)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-ATF (Interventions on global psychosocial functions)"Psychosocial care" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the full range of supportive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative psychosocial interventions; no single ICHI category captures this, so the block BlockL6-ATF (Interventions on global psychosocial functions) is the most appropriate assignment, though it is wider as it is an organisational grouping rather than an assignable procedure code.
282259008 (Psychotherapeutic, behavioral and/or communication procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-_LD (Interventions on mental functions)This SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering psychotherapy, behavioural interventions, and communication procedures across all mental and behavioural domains; the ICHI block "Interventions on mental functions" is the closest organisational grouping but is still broader in that it also contains non-psychotherapeutic actions (assessment, training, counselling), and the SNOMED concept also spans communication and behavioural procedures that fall outside this single block.
75516001 (Psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI has a dedicated psychotherapy action code (PQ) instantiated across many specific targets; AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions without further specification, which is the best single code for the unqualified SNOMED concept "Psychotherapy" but is technically wider since ICHI offers many more specific psychotherapy codes by target (e.g. VAA.PQ.ZZ for alcohol use), meaning this code encompasses more than the generic SNOMED term implies when taken as a grouping.
31909006 (Puborectalis sling operation)maps to wider conceptKBW.LC.AA (Rectopexy)A puborectalis sling operation uses the puborectalis muscle to create a sling support for the anorectal junction, functionally serving as a form of rectopexy (fixation/suspension of the rectum to correct prolapse or incontinence). KBW.LC.AA (Rectopexy) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses any method of rectal fixation without specifying the sling technique using the puborectalis muscle.
233538006 (Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via femoral vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb)The femoral vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD.LH.AF is anatomically correct for the access route; however, this ICHI code is broader because it describes device insertion into any lower limb vein (not specifically a pulmonary artery catheter passed through the femoral vein to the pulmonary artery), and the target organ (pulmonary artery) is not captured.
233536005 (Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via jugular vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck)The jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, making IBD.DL.AF the best anatomical match for the access route; the code is wider because it covers any device insertion into any head/neck vein percutaneously and does not reflect the pulmonary artery as the ultimate target of catheter placement.
233537001 (Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via subclavian vein)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)The subclavian vein is classified as a vein of the thorax in ICHI, making IDB.DL.AF the best anatomical match for the access route; the code is wider because it encompasses any device inserted into any thoracic vein and does not capture the specific purpose of advancing a catheter to the pulmonary artery.
65677008 (Pulmonary catheterization with Swan-Ganz catheter)maps to wider conceptHZB.AB.AF (Right heart cardiac catheterisation)A Swan-Ganz catheter is passed through the right heart into the pulmonary artery for haemodynamic monitoring — this is a specific technique of right heart catheterisation, so the ICHI code captures the correct procedure but is broader in that it does not specify the Swan-Ganz (flow-directed balloon-tipped) catheter or the pulmonary artery destination.
33050008 (Pulmonary resuscitation)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)"Pulmonary resuscitation" refers to the respiratory component of resuscitation (rescue breathing), which is a subset of full cardiopulmonary resuscitation; the only ICHI resuscitation code (HT2.MC.AH) combines cardiac and pulmonary components and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
12282003 (Pulp vitality test)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)Pulp vitality testing (electric or thermal stimulus to assess whether dental pulp is alive) is a specific diagnostic test performed on teeth, but ICHI has no dedicated code for this test; the closest available code is the general "Dental examination" under the teeth block, which is broader than this focused diagnostic procedure.
707286005 (Pulsed dye laser therapy to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI codes phototherapy (action SC, means AH = without incision/non-invasive) to skin as a body-region-unspecified NEC code, which captures the light-based therapeutic modality but does not distinguish pulsed dye laser from other phototherapy types (e.g., UV, broadband light). The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the laser type and the skin target without body-region restriction.
1366540006 (Pulsed radiofrequency to cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) to a cranial nerve is a percutaneous neuromodulatory/destructive procedure; the closest ICHI code is percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve (action GA = destruction, means AE = percutaneous), which correctly captures the target and approach but does not distinguish pulsed from continuous radiofrequency or thermal ablation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1366541005 (Pulsed radiofrequency to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)PRF to a peripheral nerve is a percutaneous procedure acting on the nerve; ICHI ACA.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve) matches the target and approach correctly, but "destruction" in ICHI encompasses any modality (including thermal ablation) rather than specifically encoding pulsed radiofrequency, so the ICHI code is broader.
1366542003 (Pulsed radiofrequency to spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)PRF to a spinal nerve root is a percutaneous destructive/neuromodulatory procedure; ABN.GA.AE captures the correct target (spinal nerve root) and means (percutaneous) under the destruction action axis, but does not encode the specific radiofrequency modality or its pulsed character, making it semantically broader.
61327009 (Puncture and drainage of craniopharyngioma)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)A craniopharyngioma is an intracranial lesion, and puncture-and-drainage of it is captured by ICHI as drainage of the intracranial space. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the target lesion type (craniopharyngioma) or the puncture component explicitly.
63419007 (Puncture of anterior fontanel)maps to wider conceptAAG.AH.AE (Cranial puncture)Fontanel puncture is a cranial puncture performed percutaneously through the open anterior fontanel in infants; ICHI's cranial puncture is the closest available code but is wider as it does not specify the fontanel as the puncture site.
179906007 (Puncture of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a generic "puncture of joint" code, but MRJ.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of joint, unspecified site) is the closest structural equivalent — percutaneous drainage covers the needle-entry act of arthrocentesis. The ICHI code is broader in that it specifies drainage as the purpose and is site-unspecified, whereas the SNOMED concept is a generic puncture act that could include injection or aspiration.
439121000124106 (Pureed diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no code specific to pureed or texture-modified diets; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) sits within the "Interventions on food" block in the environmental interventions chapter and is the broadest applicable category. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any modification to food, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a pureed texture regimen.
225228006 (Putting additive into peritoneal dialysis bag)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE covers the overall peritoneal dialysis procedure, whereas the SNOMED concept describes only the preparatory nursing step of adding medication or fluid to the dialysis bag before the procedure. No ICHI code exists for this specific preparatory act.
225675002 (Putting on hearing aid)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fitting or applying a hearing aid; PAB.DP.AH covers installation of any assistive product to the head or neck, which encompasses putting on a hearing aid but is broader in both device type and body region.
5998008 (Radical dissection of groin)maps to wider conceptDFM.JL.AA (Radical excision of inguinal lymph node)DFM.JL.AA precisely captures radical excision at the inguinal (groin) lymph node level, the primary surgical target of a radical groin dissection. The SNOMED concept implies a broader en-bloc soft-tissue dissection of the entire groin region (including femoral lymphatics and surrounding tissue), so the SNOMED concept encompasses more tissue than the ICHI code strictly denotes.
172888008 (Radical frontal sinus antrostomy)maps to wider conceptJAG.JJ.AA (Frontal sinusectomy)JAG.JJ.AA (Frontal sinusectomy) covers radical removal of the frontal sinus, which aligns well with a radical frontal sinus antrostomy — both imply extensive surgical obliteration/excision of the frontal sinus. The ICHI code is slightly wider as "sinusectomy" broadly covers complete excision but does not specifically encode the antrostomy approach or the radical qualifier.
448197009 (Radiofrequency ablation of nerve of sacroiliac joint using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)ACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve) is the best available match — it captures the percutaneous route and the nerve destruction action, both of which apply to fluoroscopy-guided RFA of the lateral branch nerves serving the sacroiliac joint. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify radiofrequency as the means, the sacroiliac joint target, or fluoroscopic guidance.
709083002 (Radiofrequency ablation of soft palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)KAS.GA.AC covers destruction of the soft palate by any means; it does not specify radiofrequency as the modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies RF energy delivery.
169167001 (Radioisotope scan of lymphatic system)maps to wider conceptDFO.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel)DFO.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the lymphatic vessel (a component of the lymphatic system), which matches the modality well; however, "lymphatic system" in SNOMED is broader than "lymphatic vessel" alone, and ICHI codes for lymph nodes use separate blocks. As the best single aggregating code for lymphatic nuclear imaging it is selected.
53585008 (Radioisotope study of gastrointestinal system)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE is explicitly titled "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified" and sits under the digestive system block, covering GI nuclear medicine studies not classified under individual organ codes. The ICHI code is broader in that it is a residual/NEC category encompassing multiple unspecified GI targets.
41842006 (Radioisotope study of hematopoietic system)maps to wider conceptDGA.BA.BE (Bone marrow radionucleide scan)The hematopoietic system includes bone marrow, spleen, and blood, but ICHI's most specific radionuclide imaging code within the haematopoietic/lymphatic chapter targets bone marrow specifically (DGA.BA.BE); the SNOMED concept is broader, covering the whole system including spleen and blood pool imaging. DGA.BA.BE is the best single ICHI code, though the SNOMED concept encompasses more than bone marrow alone.
68796002 (Radioisotope study of musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no dedicated radionuclide/radioisotope scan code within the musculoskeletal chapter (the imaging block contains only X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes); the closest available radionuclide imaging code is PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan), which is broader than the musculoskeletal-specific SNOMED concept but is the best available match in the absence of a skeletal scintigraphy code.
19086005 (Radioisotope study of respiratory system)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) is the only radionuclide/scan code in ICHI's respiratory chapter, situated under interventions on lung parenchyma; the SNOMED concept covers the whole respiratory system (including perfusion and ventilation components such as V/Q scanning), while ICHI's code is anchored to the lung parenchyma specifically.
241344001 (Radiolabeled sulfobromophthalein study)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)The BSP (sulfobromophthalein) test is a hepatic excretory function study in which a labeled compound is administered and hepatic clearance measured — a radioisotope-based liver function assessment; KCA.BA.BE encompasses this category of hepatic radioisotope function studies, though its title also covers liver scintigraphy more broadly, making it slightly wider than this specific dye-clearance test.
432095006 (Radionuclide imaging of hepatobiliary region with gallbladder stimulation)maps to wider conceptKCF.BA.BE (Nuclear study of gallbladder)KCF.BA.BE covers nuclear/radionuclide imaging of the gallbladder, the central organ in a hepatobiliary (HIDA) scan with gallbladder stimulation. The SNOMED concept is more specific — it specifies pharmacological stimulation of the gallbladder (CCK/sincalide) and implies assessment of the broader hepatobiliary region — while ICHI's code does not encode the stimulation component.
764975002 (Radionuclide imaging of hepatobiliary structure using radioisotope labeled cholecystokinin)maps to wider conceptKCF.BA.BE (Nuclear study of gallbladder)This SNOMED concept specifies hepatobiliary scintigraphy using radioisotope-labelled cholecystokinin as the imaging agent — a very specific pharmacological variant. KCF.BA.BE (nuclear study of gallbladder) is the closest available ICHI code but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical or the hepatobiliary scope beyond the gallbladder.
431899001 (Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using iobenguane (123-I))maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE covers parathyroid scintigraphy in general and is the best available ICHI code for any radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid gland. The SNOMED concept is more specific in that it names the exact radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane / I-123 MIBG), a detail that ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code wider.
431554003 (Radionuclide imaging using indium 111 capromab pendetide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)Capromab pendetide (ProstaScint) is a radiolabelled antibody imaged with SPECT to stage prostate cancer; ICHI has no prostate-specific nuclear imaging code, so whole-body SPECT (PZA.BA.BF) is the best available code, but it is broader because it does not capture the prostate-targeting specificity of this antibody-based agent.
763845002 (Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane (123-I))maps to wider conceptEBC.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland)I-123 MIBG scintigraphy primarily images adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tissue (paragangliomas, neuroblastoma); EBC.BA.BE captures the adrenal-gland nuclear study aspect but is broader because it does not specify the iobenguane tracer and MIBG scanning routinely covers extra-adrenal sites beyond the adrenal gland alone.
763846001 (Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane (131-I))maps to wider conceptEBC.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland)I-131 MIBG used for diagnostic imaging maps to the same adrenal gland nuclear imaging code as I-123 MIBG; ICHI does not distinguish between the two isotopes or the diagnostic versus pre-therapeutic imaging context, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
431590005 (Radionuclide imaging using ioflupane)maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain)Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) is an I-123-labelled tracer specifically used with brain SPECT to assess dopamine transporter density for Parkinson's disease diagnosis; AAA.BA.BF captures the modality (SPECT) and anatomical target (brain) accurately, but is broader because it does not encode the specific ioflupane tracer or the dopaminergic system focus.
764834005 (Radionuclide imaging using lilotomab satetraxetan (177-Lu))maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Lilotomab satetraxetan labelled with Lu-177, when used for imaging, would be performed as a whole-body radionuclide scan; ICHI has no antibody-specific or lymphoma-specific nuclear imaging code, so PZA.BA.BE is the best available code but is substantially broader as it does not reflect the targeted antibody tracer, the specific isotope, or the lymphoma indication.
765016000 (Radionuclide imaging using oleic acid (125-I))maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)Iodine-125 labeled oleic acid is used specifically for intestinal fat absorption scintigraphy, a gastrointestinal nuclear imaging study. ICHI captures the gastrointestinal nuclear imaging category but does not differentiate by tracer, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
764674001 (Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled leukocytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body technique used for localizing infection and inflammation and is not confined to a single body region. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the best available code but is broader as it does not specify the leukocyte labeling agent or the clinical indication.
765015001 (Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled monoclonal antibody)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody imaging (immunoscintigraphy) is performed as a whole-body scan for tumor or antigen localization and is not tied to a single organ target. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the nearest available code, but it does not distinguish the monoclonal antibody means or oncological context.
764277001 (Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled somatostatin analog)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Somatostatin analog scintigraphy (e.g., octreoscan) is a whole-body technique for detecting neuroendocrine tumors and is not confined to one body part. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the best available code but does not capture the specific tracer or neuroendocrine indication.
765458007 (Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled granulocytes with leukocyte phagocytosis test)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no code for labeled leukocyte/granulocyte scintigraphy or the associated phagocytosis test component; the closest available code is a generic whole-body radioisotope scan, which is much broader and omits the specific tracer (Tc-99m granulocytes), cell labeling technique, and the phagocytosis test element of the SNOMED concept.
82921007 (Radionuclide localization of abscess of limited area)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI lacks a code for radionuclide scanning targeting a limited or focal body area for abscess localization; the generic whole-body radioisotope scan code is the only available nuclear imaging category that can accommodate this procedure, losing both the anatomical specificity ("limited area") and the clinical indication (abscess localization).
45316007 (Radionuclide localization of tumor)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no code for nuclear medicine tumor localization as a distinct category; the whole-body radioisotope scan is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not specify the tumor-localization indication and presupposes whole-body coverage, whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific but clinically targeted to neoplasm detection.
241415002 (Radionuclide metabolic studies)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide metabolic studies (which encompass a range of radiotracer-based functional assessments beyond PET); while PZA.BA.BG (PET of whole body) covers the most common form, the SNOMED concept explicitly includes non-PET radionuclide metabolic studies, making the broader radioisotope scan code a safer, though still imprecise, wider match.
252680004 (Radionuclide study for localization of tumor or inflammatory disease)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Radionuclide studies for tumor or inflammatory disease localization are typically whole-body nuclear medicine scans (e.g., bone scan, gallium scan), and ICHI has no dedicated code for this diagnostic purpose. PZA.BA.BE is the best available code but is wider because it does not specify the clinical indication of tumor or inflammatory disease localization.
303879000 (Radionuclide study of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no nuclear imaging code for the abdomen as a target — the abdominal imaging block (PAK) only contains X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes, with no BE (radioisotope) variant. PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan) is the closest available code but is broader in anatomical scope than an abdomen-specific study.
303904005 (Radionuclide study of respiratory function)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)ICHI's "Pulmonary scan" (JBF.BA.BE) corresponds to radionuclide lung imaging such as a ventilation-perfusion scan, which is the prototypical radionuclide study of respiratory function. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any pulmonary radionuclide scan and does not explicitly specify a functional/physiological study orientation.
69212005 (Range of motion testing)maps to wider conceptMTB.AC.ZZ (Test of joint mobility)"Test of joint mobility" captures the core clinical act (measuring range of motion at a joint), which is the primary meaning of ROM testing. The ICHI code is slightly wider because joint mobility encompasses concepts beyond pure angular range of motion (e.g. accessory movements), and ROM testing can also be applied to muscles and soft tissue, not only joints.
870574002 (Rate-adaptive pacing)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Rate-adaptive pacing refers to programming or activating a rate-response feature in an implanted pacemaker, which falls under management of the pacemaker system; HFC.SN.AA is wider because it covers all aspects of pacemaker system management (interrogation, reprogramming, troubleshooting), not just rate-adaptive mode configuration.
171839006 (Re-release of carpal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI does not have a specific carpal tunnel release code or a revision/re-operation modifier; "Release of peripheral nerve" (ACA.FC.AA) covers the procedure class but is broader than the specific anatomical site (median nerve at carpal tunnel) and does not capture the "re-release" (revision) nature of the SNOMED concept.
171840008 (Re-release of Guyon's canal)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for Guyon's canal (ulnar nerve at wrist) release or its revision; "Release of peripheral nerve" (ACA.FC.AA) is the closest procedural match but is broader in both anatomical specificity and does not encode the revision/re-release character of the intervention.
61194000 (Reattachment of choroid and retina by coagulation using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)"Repair of retina" (BCC.MK.AA) is the closest ICHI code for a retinal reattachment procedure, but it is broader — it does not specify the technique (electrical coagulation/photocoagulation), nor does it capture involvement of the choroid; ICHI has no dedicated retinal reattachment-by-coagulation code.
33397002 (Reattachment of choroid and retina by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)"Repair of retina" (BCC.MK.AA) is the most appropriate ICHI match for chorioretinal reattachment by diathermy, but it is broader — it does not specify the diathermy technique or choroidal involvement; ICHI has no specific code for retinal reattachment by diathermy.
15090003 (Reattachment of choroid and retina by photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering retinal repair, and it sits within the "Interventions on retina" block. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies reattachment of both choroid and retina using the specific means of photocoagulation — neither the dual-structure target (choroid + retina) nor the photocoagulation technique are captured in the ICHI code.
68999001 (Reattachment of retina by electrocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the only assignable ICHI code within the retina block that covers a repair/reattachment procedure, and it broadly encompasses the clinical intent. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the technique, and ICHI has no means axis code distinguishing electrocoagulation for retinal procedures.
444118005 (Recommendation of Rh>o<(D) immune globulin dose)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)The SNOMED concept describes a specific clinical recommendation for a single agent (Rh(D) immunoglobulin) and dosing decision, whereas the ICHI code covers advising about medications in general, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
223415003 (Recommendation regarding activity)maps to wider conceptVEB.PN.ZZ (Advising about physical activity behaviours)The SNOMED concept is a general clinical recommendation about activity (which may include rest, exercise, or activity restrictions), whereas the ICHI code is specifically framed around advising on physical activity behaviours as a behaviour-change intervention, making it slightly broader in framing but a reasonable approximation.
304981009 (Recommendation regarding contacting someone)maps to wider conceptSR1.PN.ZZ (Advising about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.PN.ZZ covers advising about interpersonal interactions broadly, which encompasses recommending that a patient contact someone, but the ICHI code is broader as it addresses the full domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships rather than the specific act of initiating contact with a person.
718640005 (Recommendation regarding personal motor vehicle requirement)maps to wider conceptUGU.PN.ZZ (Advising about motor vehicles)UGU.PN.ZZ directly captures advising in relation to motor vehicles, which aligns well with recommending regarding a personal motor vehicle requirement; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of advice about motor vehicles rather than the specific clinical context of assessing or stipulating a patient's driving requirement.
719079005 (Recommendation regarding seating requirement)maps to wider conceptUAD.PN.ZZ (Advising about products and technology for personal use in daily living)Seating equipment (chairs, cushions, positioning aids) falls within the ICHI environmental domain of products and technology for personal use in daily living (UAD), and UAD.PN.ZZ represents advising about that product category; however, the ICHI code spans all daily-living products, making it considerably broader than a recommendation specifically about seating.
223423001 (Recommendation regarding taking a break from taking drug)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications generally, which encompasses recommending a drug holiday or medication break; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish between starting, stopping, pausing, or adjusting medication use.
830152006 (Recommendation regarding vaccination)maps to wider conceptDTB.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions of the immunological system)Recommending vaccination is a specific advisory act targeting immunological protection, and DTB.PN.ZZ is the advising code within the immunological system function block that contains the vaccination codes; however, DTB.PN.ZZ encompasses all advising about immunological system functions, not solely vaccination advice, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
223422006 (Recommendation regarding what to do if drug omitted)maps to wider conceptVAD.PN.ZZ (Advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours)The SNOMED concept is a highly specific recommendation about missed-dose management, while VAD.PN.ZZ covers advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours in general; the ICHI code is the closest available category under the pharmaceutical use behaviours block, but it is broader than the specific missed-dose scenario described by the SNOMED concept.
719080008 (Recommendation regarding wheelchair requirement)maps to wider conceptUAE.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)Recommending wheelchair requirement is functionally equivalent to prescribing mobility assistive technology; UAE.TI.ZZ covers prescription of all products and technology for personal mobility including wheelchairs, making it broader than the wheelchair-specific SNOMED concept.
223421004 (Recommendation regarding when to take drug)maps to wider conceptVAD.PN.ZZ (Advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours)Advising a patient on drug timing falls within the scope of advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours, which is the target axis VAD in ICHI; however, the ICHI code covers all pharmaceutical advising and is much broader than the narrow timing-specific SNOMED concept.
304526006 (Recommendation relating to behavior)maps to wider conceptVFZ.PN.ZZ (Advising about other specified health-related behaviours)This SNOMED concept is a generic, unspecified behaviour recommendation that does not map to any single specific behaviour domain in ICHI; VFZ.PN.ZZ is the best residual fit under the health-related behaviours chapter, though it remains broader in scope than the abstract SNOMED category.
419155003 (Recommendation to change diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)"Advising about eating behaviours" is the closest ICHI match for a dietary change recommendation, as ICHI's action PN (advising) applied to eating behaviours captures the advisory/recommendatory nature of the SNOMED concept; however, VEA targets eating behaviours broadly whereas the SNOMED concept is a specific clinician-level recommendation to change diet, making the ICHI code wider.
289182003 (Recommendation to change vitamin intake)maps to wider conceptUAA.TI.ZZ (Prescription of products or substances for personal consumption)Vitamins/supplements fall under UAA (products or substances for personal consumption), and TI (prescription) is the closest action to a formal recommendation to change intake; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all personal-consumption products/substances and does not distinguish a change recommendation from an initial prescription.
46861000087100 (Recommendation to continue current diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)ICHI has no code distinguishing a recommendation to continue (versus change) a diet; VEA.PN.ZZ is the best available match for any clinician dietary advisory act, but it does not capture the "continue current" specificity, making it wider.
306806004 (Recommendation to continue with drug treatment)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ directly targets the medicaments domain and uses the advising/recommendation action, closely aligning with a recommendation concerning drug treatment; it is wider because it does not distinguish a continuation recommendation from any other form of medication advice.
782658002 (Recommendation to measure and record own blood pressure)maps to wider conceptITA.PH.ZZ (Training in relation to blood pressure functions)The SNOMED concept is a recommendation for the patient to self-measure and record blood pressure, which is a self-management/training intervention targeting blood pressure functions; ITA.PH.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader in that it covers any training related to blood pressure functions rather than specifically recommending home self-measurement and recording.
46881000087106 (Recommendation to participate in cancer screening program)maps to wider conceptVDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours)The SNOMED concept encodes a clinical recommendation to engage in cancer screening, which maps closely to VDB.PN.ZZ within the screening behaviours hierarchy; the ICHI code is wider because it covers advising about any screening behaviour, not specifically cancer screening programs.
50621000087108 (Recommendation to restart drug treatment)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)"Advising about medications" is the closest ICHI concept — it covers communicating guidance about medications to a patient or carer; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a clinical recommendation specifically to restart a previously stopped drug treatment.
306807008 (Recommendation to start drug treatment)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)"Advising about medications" is the best available ICHI match for the act of recommending initiation of drug treatment; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any advice about medications and does not capture the specific intent of starting a new treatment.
304539005 (Recommendation to stop treatment)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)"Advising about medications" is the best available ICHI approximation for recommending cessation of treatment; the ICHI code is broader — it covers any medication-related advice and does not capture the specific clinical decision to discontinue treatment, nor does it distinguish medication from other treatment modalities.
699073004 (Reconstruction of carotid artery with graft)maps to wider conceptIBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial)"Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial" matches the anatomical site and the reconstruction action precisely; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not specify that a graft is used as the means and encompasses all reconstruction techniques for the extracranial carotid artery.
1287331009 (Reconstruction of collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint of foot using graft)maps to wider conceptMOL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament of foot or toe)MOL.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any ligament of the foot or toe and does not specify the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint, nor does it encode the use of a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
172870000 (Reconstruction of defect of maxilla with skin graft)maps to wider conceptMAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla)MAF.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the maxilla but does not specify that the procedure uses a skin graft or addresses a defect, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
172605007 (Reconstruction of external ear using graft)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)CAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external ear in general without specifying the use of a graft, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which mandates a graft-based approach.
1201943009 (Reconstruction of extremity using flap)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction of extremity using flap" code; the closest match is MRS.ML.AA (reconstruction of soft tissue, unspecified site), which covers the procedure concept but is broader — it does not specify the extremity location nor the flap technique.
68304009 (Reconstruction of eyelid with graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA matches the eyelid reconstruction target and action precisely, but the ICHI code does not specify the use of a graft as the operative technique, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly designates a graft-based approach.
709086005 (Reconstruction of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of the mouth specifically; KAZ.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral cavity as a residual/NEC category, which encompasses the floor of mouth anatomically; the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the floor of the mouth from other oral cavity sub-sites.
233348009 (Reconstruction of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.ML.AA is the correct block of procedures; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery and groups all abdominal/pelvic artery reconstructions together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
234909008 (Reconstruction of mouth defect using graft)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI maps the intervention to the oral cavity without capturing the graft technique or the "defect" framing; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
173458002 (Reconstruction of mouth defect with free bowel flap)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The free bowel flap technique is a highly specific means that ICHI does not encode; KAZ.ML.AA covers oral cavity reconstruction generally, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
231546002 (Reconstruction of orbital cavity with dermofat graft)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA directly represents reconstruction of the orbit, aligning well with the SNOMED concept, but the dermofat graft technique is not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
172155003 (Reconstruction of orbital cavity with skin graft)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the orbit broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept semantically, but it does not specify that the means is a skin graft. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly names skin graft as the technique.
288014001 (Reconstruction of sphincter of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bladder neck)ICHI has no specific code for the urinary sphincter; the internal urethral sphincter is anatomically located at the bladder neck, making NAK.ML.AA the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses the full bladder neck rather than the sphincter specifically.
233347004 (Reconstruction of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI does not have a code specifically for the superior mesenteric artery; IEA.ML.AA covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries, of which the superior mesenteric artery is one. The ICHI code is broader, grouping all abdominal/pelvic arterial reconstruction together.
173055005 (Reconstruction of trachea using graft)maps to wider conceptJBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)JBA.ML.AA exactly captures reconstruction of the trachea as the target and action, but the SNOMED concept specifies a graft as the means (tissue transfer/graft technique), which is not encoded in the ICHI means axis (AA = open, unspecified technique). The ICHI code is therefore broader.
1344618000 (Reconstruction of urethra with tissue graft)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA matches the target (urethra) and action (reconstruction/ML) precisely, but does not capture the tissue graft as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies graft-based urethroplasty.
1344619008 (Reconstruction of vagina with tissue graft)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)ICHI captures vaginal reconstruction in three codes by approach (transabdominal, laparoscopic, other); none specifies the use of a tissue graft as the means, so NMH.ML.AC (the residual/other approach category) is the best available fit but is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it does not encode the tissue-graft technique.
426834000 (Reconstruction of vagina with urethral dissection)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)Anterior vaginal wall reconstruction involving urethral mobilisation/dissection (e.g., anterior colporrhaphy variant) is not separately distinguished in ICHI; NMH.ML.AC is the residual vaginal reconstruction category and is broader in that it does not encode the urethral dissection technique.
1202018003 (Reconstruction using flap)maps to wider conceptML (Reconstruction)ICHI encodes flap types (local flap XG1UU3, free flap XG1AH4, pedicle flap XG9JE8) only as extension codes appended to body-specific reconstruction targets, so no single standalone code for "reconstruction using flap" exists; the bare ML action code captures reconstruction generically but is wider because it does not encode the flap technique.
177535001 (Reconstruction with mucosal graft)maps to wider conceptML (Reconstruction)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for reconstruction using a mucosal graft as the means — mucosal graft specificity is absent even as an extension code — so the bare ML "Reconstruction" action code is the only feasible match, but it is broader as it encodes no target or graft-material technique.
63968000 (Reconstructive orthopedic procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI has no single assignable code for "reconstructive orthopedic procedure" as a category; the musculoskeletal system block (BlockL3-MAA) is the closest structural anchor, but it encompasses all musculoskeletal interventions far beyond reconstruction alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
241431005 (Red cell mass measurement with Cr51)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI contains no specific code for radioisotope dilution-based red cell mass measurement using chromium-51; DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest match as a general measurement of haematological system functions, but it is considerably broader than this specific nuclear medicine technique targeting erythrocyte volume.
241432003 (Red cell mass measurement with Tc99m)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI has no code for radionuclide red cell mass measurement specifically; DTA.AB.ZZ covers measurement of haematological system functions broadly, losing both the erythrocyte-mass specificity and the Tc99m radioisotope modality.
76706001 (Reduction of closed tarsometatarsal joint dislocation with percutaneous skeletal fixation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.LD.AH captures closed reduction of a foot/toe joint, which covers the tarsometatarsal joint, but the ICHI code does not encode the concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation component present in the SNOMED concept.
122944000 (Reduction of dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AH matches the concept of reducing a dislocation at an unspecified joint site; the SNOMED concept is slightly broader as it does not specify closed vs open approach, whereas ICHI specifies closed reduction (AH means).
122859005 (Reduction of fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no single generic "reduction of fracture" code — reductions are organised by anatomical site and approach (open vs. closed). MRB.LD.AA is the unspecified-site open reduction code; SNOMED 122859005 is a high-level grouper covering all body sites and both approaches, making the ICHI code wider in coverage.
276060002 (Reduction of fracture of carpal and metacarpal with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)Carpal and metacarpal bones fall within the ICHI hand/finger bone target (MGB), and open reduction (LD.AA) aligns with reduction of a fracture requiring internal fixation. ICHI has no separate "with internal fixation" qualifier at the category level, so MGB.LD.AA is the closest code but is wider because it does not capture the internal fixation component.
449646009 (Reduction of open fracture of lower limb with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI encodes reduction and internal fixation as separate actions (LD vs DN), so no single ICHI code captures both components; MRB.LD.AA covers the open reduction at an unspecified site but omits the internal fixation and does not specify "lower limb," making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
118464008 (Reduction of open fracture with uncomplicated soft tissue closure)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no mechanism to encode the soft tissue closure qualifier within a fracture reduction code, so MRB.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site and does not convey the soft tissue closure detail, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
8717008 (Reduction of open zygomatic arch fracture using a towel clip)maps to wider conceptMAC.LD.AA (Open reduction of zygomatic bone)MAC.LD.AA directly represents open reduction of the zygomatic bone, matching the anatomical site and open (surgical) approach of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument used (towel clip), and the SNOMED concept specifies the zygomatic arch rather than the whole zygomatic bone.
450353006 (Reduction of prolapse of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.LC.AH (Manual reduction of rectal prolapse)KBW.LC.AH maps directly to reduction of rectal prolapse with the same anatomical target and clinical intent. The ICHI code is rated wider because it specifies the means as "manual," whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the technique, encompassing both manual and other methods of reduction.
83656000 (Reduction of torsion of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific "reduction of torsion of small intestine" code; KBK.LD.AA is the best available fit as it covers intra-abdominal positional manipulation of the small intestine, but it is broader, encompassing manipulations beyond detorsion.
415282007 (Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)Refractive lensectomy with IOL implantation is a two-component procedure (lens extraction + prosthetic lens insertion: BBF.ML.AA), and the refractive intent is also not captured. BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction component and is the closest single ICHI code for the surgical removal of the natural lens, making the ICHI code broader (it omits the IOL implantation step and the refractive indication).
423040001 (Rehabilitation assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated "rehabilitation assessment" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, interventions on whole person) is the broadest applicable assessment code, but it covers all general health assessments and is not specific to rehabilitation. The only ICHI rehabilitation term (XG4691) is an extension descriptor, not an assignable intervention category.
410081009 (Rehabilitation therapy assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Like rehabilitation assessment, ICHI has no code specifically for rehabilitation-focused assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest assignable category but is considerably broader, covering all-purpose whole-person health assessments rather than assessment in a rehabilitation context.
308805008 (Reimplantation of cardiac pacemaker electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a code for reimplanting a pacemaker electrode specifically; HFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system) is the closest available code within the Interventions on conducting system of heart block, but it covers the whole pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than only the electrode, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
704142001 (Reimplantation of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated code for inferior mesenteric artery reimplantation. The block BlockL5-IEA (Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery) only has one reimplantation code (IEA.LB.AA), which is specifically for aberrant renal vessel; the closest available code is IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which is broader in both target (any abdominal/pelvic artery) and action (reconstruction rather than specific reimplantation).
286640000 (Reimplantation of splenic fragments)maps to wider conceptDJA.KD.AA (Transplantation of spleen)ICHI has no specific code for reimplantation (autotransplantation) of splenic fragments; DJA.KD.AA (Transplantation of spleen) is the closest concept as it captures the act of moving splenic tissue, but it is broader — it covers full organ transplantation and does not distinguish autotransplantation of fragments from allotransplantation of whole spleen.
737891000 (Reimplantation of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)Identical mapping rationale to the inferior mesenteric artery concept — ICHI contains no dedicated superior mesenteric artery reimplantation code, so the best available match is the broader IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which covers any abdominal/pelvic artery and a wider action category.
1340199001 (Reimplantation of tooth with insertion of splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.LD.AC (Repositioning of displaced tooth)ICHI has no specific code for tooth reimplantation with splinting; KAE.LD.AC (Repositioning of displaced tooth) is the closest match as it captures returning a tooth to its correct position, but it does not encode the splinting component and is conceptually slightly different (repositioning vs. reimplanting an avulsed tooth).
1367851009 (Reinforcement of intestinal stoma with mesh)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)ICHI has no code specific to stoma reinforcement with mesh; the procedure involves repairing the abdominal wall defect around an intestinal stoma using a prosthetic mesh, which most closely maps to reconstruction of the abdominal wall (PAL.ML.AA), but that code is broader and does not capture the stoma-specific or mesh-specific detail.
1367852002 (Reinforcement of urinary stoma with mesh)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)Analogous to the intestinal stoma concept, reinforcement of a urinary stoma with mesh targets the abdominal wall defect around the stoma; ICHI has no specific code for this, and PAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall) is the closest structural match, though it is broader and does not encode the urinary stoma context or the use of mesh.
86106003 (Reinsertion of ocular implant with attachment of muscles to implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball)Reinsertion of an ocular implant with muscle attachment is a secondary procedure performed in an anophthalmic socket following enucleation or evisceration, which is precisely the clinical scenario captured by BAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball); however, that code is broader as it encompasses any secondary orbital intervention, not just implant reinsertion with muscle attachment.
178069007 (Release of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for release of fascia as a distinct tissue type; the closest code covers release of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader because it encompasses all soft tissue types (muscle, fat, connective tissue) beyond fascia alone. Body-site-specific fascia release codes exist in ICHI but the SNOMED concept is generic and unqualified by site.
178256003 (Release of sternomastoid muscle)maps to wider conceptMAM.FC.AA (Release of muscles of neck)MAM.FC.AA covers release of any neck muscle, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the sternocleidomastoid (sternomastoid) muscle. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify which neck muscle is released.
179836002 (Release of torticollis)maps to wider conceptMAM.FC.AA (Release of muscles of neck)Torticollis release is a functional/clinical description of releasing the contracted neck muscles (chiefly sternocleidomastoid), which is the procedure captured by MAM.FC.AA; the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the specific deformity indication or the targeted muscle.
239447006 (Release of volar plate)maps to wider conceptMGL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)The volar plate is the palmar fibrocartilaginous ligamentous structure of the finger PIP joint, so its surgical release falls within release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any hand/finger ligament or fascia, not specifically the volar plate.
122857007 (Reline of denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)There is no specific ICHI code for relining a denture. "Management of external appliance of tooth" (KAE.SM.AC) is the closest match in the teeth interventions block — a denture is an external dental appliance — but the ICHI code is broader, covering any management of a dental appliance rather than specifically the relining procedure.
707257007 (Remanipulation of fracture of long bone with flexible internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no code for remanipulation (revision reduction) nor for flexible versus rigid internal fixation distinction; the closest concept is open reduction of bone (MRB.LD.AA at unspecified site), which is broader — it covers initial open reduction of any bone and does not encode the re-do nature, the long-bone specificity, or the flexible fixation modality.
707258002 (Remanipulation of fracture of long bone with rigid internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)As with the flexible fixation counterpart, ICHI does not distinguish between flexible and rigid internal fixation, nor does it encode remanipulation versus primary reduction; MRB.LD.AA (open reduction of bone, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code but subsumes both the re-do aspect and the rigid fixation detail.
441925000 (Remanipulation of fragment of bone and fixation using screw)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)This SNOMED concept combines bone fragment remanipulation with screw fixation; the closest ICHI code capturing the fixation/device-implantation component is MRB.DN.AA (implantation of device into bone of unspecified site), but it is broader — it does not encode the re-do/remanipulation context, the fragment-specific nature, or the screw as instrument.
17539005 (Remobilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's "Mobilisation" action code (PB) captures the concept of restoring mobility, but the closest assignable code is MBZ.PB.AH which is spine-specific; SNOMED's "Remobilization" is a general rehabilitation/physical therapy concept applicable to any body part or joint, making the ICHI code broader in its anatomical specificity but narrower in scope overall — best described as wider.
183120001 (Removable denture adjustment)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of external appliances of the tooth, which encompasses removable denture adjustment as a specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all external tooth appliances, not just removable dentures, and "management" is wider than the specific act of adjustment.
183119007 (Removable denture fitting)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC describes the application (fitting) of a dental device, which includes removable dentures; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all dental devices, not specifically removable dentures, and does not distinguish between removable and fixed prostheses.
178752002 (Removal correctional spinal instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.JD.AA directly represents the removal of an internal device from the spine, which matches the core procedure of removing corrective spinal instrumentation (e.g., rods, screws, or hooks used in scoliosis correction); the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any internal spinal device or foreign body regardless of the correctional/scoliosis-specific context that SNOMED specifies.
120216002 (Removal from artery of abdomen)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no removal/foreign-body code specific to the abdominal or pelvic artery — the IEA block (interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery) contains endarterectomy and endovascular extraction of obstruction but no JD-action code. IZA.JD.AF is the NEC fallback for intravascular removal from any artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
120215003 (Removal from artery of thorax)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)The IDA block (interventions on artery of thorax) contains no removal-of-device or foreign-body code, and the NEC fallback IZA.JD.AF covers intravascular removal from any unspecified artery. This makes it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the thoracic artery.
118959001 (Removal from urinary tract)maps to wider conceptNAN.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified)NAN.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from the urinary system NEC, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of removal from the urinary tract. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it is the NEC residual for the entire urinary system rather than being specific to the urinary tract, but it is the most precise available match.
56784002 (Removal of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator pads and electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the pads and electrodes (leads), not the generator — making the ICHI code broader in scope. It is nonetheless the closest available ICHI category within the conducting system of heart block.
80317001 (Removal of Barton's tongs from skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision)Barton's tongs are a skull traction device, and removal without incision accurately describes the procedure; ICHI even has a paired insertion code (MAA.DL.AA) for skull tongs. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any internal device or foreign body from the skull, not exclusively tong-type traction devices.
120232004 (Removal of benign tumor from bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site)Local excision of a lesion of bone is the correct ICHI action for removing a benign bone tumor, and the unspecified-site code is the most appropriate since the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular bone. The ICHI code is broader because "lesion" encompasses any focal pathology (not just benign tumors), and the site is unspecified.
431701003 (Removal of biliary drain using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct)A biliary drain is an internal device placed percutaneously in the bile duct, and KCM.JD.AE covers percutaneous removal of such a device from the bile duct. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance specifically, and "foreign body" generalises beyond drains alone.
89622002 (Removal of blood clot from anterior segment of eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye)Drainage of the anterior chamber is the ICHI procedure that encompasses removal of a blood clot (hyphema) from the anterior segment, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers drainage of any fluid, not specifically blood clot removal, and "anterior segment" includes structures beyond just the anterior chamber.
33422004 (Removal of blood clot from kidney by incision)maps to wider conceptNAA.FA.AA (Nephrotomy)Nephrotomy (incision of the kidney) is the procedure performed to access and remove a blood clot by incision, matching the approach specified in the SNOMED concept; however, nephrotomy is broader as it encompasses any incision of the kidney for various purposes, not specifically blood clot removal.
88853008 (Removal of blood clot from ureter by incision)maps to wider conceptNAE.FA.AA (Ureterotomy)Ureterotomy (incision of the ureter) is the operative approach required to remove a blood clot from the ureter by incision, matching the procedural method in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as ureterotomy encompasses any incision of the ureter for any purpose beyond clot removal.
24452007 (Removal of blood clot from urinary bladder by incision)maps to wider conceptNAI.FA.AA (Cystotomy)Cystotomy (open incision of the bladder) is the correct procedural approach for removing a blood clot from the bladder by incision, as specified in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because cystotomy covers any open incisional intervention on the bladder, not specifically blood clot removal, and the endoscopic alternative was excluded as it specifies a non-incisional route.
307942000 (Removal of bone anchored hearing aid)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull)A bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) is a titanium implant screwed into the temporal bone (part of the skull), so its removal is a removal of an internal device from the skull. ICHI has no specific code for BAHA removal; the skull device removal code captures the anatomical site and action correctly but is broader than the specific device type.
387719004 (Removal of bone fragments)maps to wider conceptMRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)Removal of bone fragments is a site-unspecified procedure; ICHI has no generic "removal of bone fragments" code, but debridement of bone (MRB.JG.AA) is the closest functional equivalent as it encompasses removal of loose/necrotic bone tissue or fragments from an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because debridement includes other tissue removal beyond just fragments.
708893004 (Removal of bone screw device from femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur)A bone screw is an internal fixation device; its removal from the femur maps directly to the ICHI action JD (removal of internal device or foreign body) applied to the femur target. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses any internal device or foreign body, not just screws.
713087001 (Removal of bone screw internal fixation device from ankle)maps to wider conceptMNB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from tibia or fibula)Ankle bone screw fixation hardware is most commonly placed in the tibia or fibula (the bones forming the ankle mortise), making MNB.JD.AA the best anatomical fit. The ICHI code is wider because it covers tibia or fibula collectively and includes any device type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a screw fixation device at the ankle specifically.
51821004 (Removal of bony spicules from spinal canal)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)Bony spicules are bony projections or fragments within the spinal canal that are surgically removed, which maps best to local excision of a lesion of the spinal canal; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any lesion excision, not specifically bony/osseous material.
1255185005 (Removal of breast filler)maps to wider conceptLCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from breast)Breast fillers (injectable substances such as polyacrylamide gel or PMMA used for augmentation) are functionally foreign material within the breast, making removal of internal device or foreign body from breast the closest available ICHI category; the ICHI code is broader since it encompasses all foreign bodies and devices, not just injectable filler substances.
6948004 (Removal of calcareous deposit of tendon of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger)Surgical removal of a calcareous (calcium) deposit from a hand tendon is performed as a local excision of an abnormal tissue deposit, aligning with local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any lesion rather than specifically to calcific deposits.
300079003 (Removal of calculus from parotid duct)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA is the most anatomically specific ICHI code for calculus extraction in the parotid region, but its title references the "gland" rather than the "duct" specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is confined to the parotid duct. No ICHI code exists that isolates the parotid duct as the target.
300080000 (Removal of calculus from submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)ICHI has no dedicated submandibular gland or duct block; KAM.JE.AA covers all major salivary glands and ducts generically, so the submandibular duct falls within its scope, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the submandibular duct.
176194004 (Removal of calculus of urinary bladder by urethral catheter suction)maps to wider conceptNAI.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bladder)NAI.JE.AA covers the same target organ and action (calculus extraction from bladder), but is broader in that it does not specify the urethral catheter suction approach. The more specific transurethral code NAI.JE.AD implies cystoscopic retrieval rather than catheter suction, so NAI.JE.AA is the closest parent without over-specifying the technique.
31950003 (Removal of caliper tongs from skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision)MAA.JD.AH best captures the removal of skull tongs (an external traction device) without incision, which matches the nature of caliper tong removal; however, it is broader as it also encompasses any foreign body or internal device removal from the skull rather than being specific to traction tongs.
38208004 (Removal of cardiac pacemaker and replacement with single-chamber cardiac device)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA captures the replacement of the pacemaker system (which inherently involves removal and re-implantation), but is broader because it does not specify the single-chamber constraint; ICHI does not distinguish between single- and dual-chamber device replacement at this level of granularity.
16781006 (Removal of cardiac pacemaker from epicardium with replacement of atrial and/or ventricular leads)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA captures the open replacement of a pacemaker system, which aligns with the combined removal-and-lead-replacement intent of this SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers replacement generically without specifying the epicardial approach or the atrial/ventricular lead distinction that the SNOMED concept encodes.
233188006 (Removal of cardiac pacing electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Cardiac pacing electrode removal is most commonly performed via percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) extraction, making HFC.JD.AF the best fit; however the ICHI code refers to removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than just an electrode/lead, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
405437004 (Removal of catheter from femoral vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF is the best available ICHI code for catheter removal from a vein; it captures the action (removal of intravascular device) and vessel type (vein) but is broader because it does not specify the femoral vein — ICHI has no dedicated code for the femoral vein at the device-removal level.
405426000 (Removal of catheter from internal jugular vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.JD.AF (Removal of internal device or foreign body from vein of head and neck, extracranial)IBD.JD.AF covers removal of an intravascular device from the extracranial veins of the head and neck, which anatomically includes the internal jugular vein; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it applies to any extracranial head-and-neck vein rather than specifying the internal jugular in particular.
431243009 (Removal of central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIB.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava)ICHI's closest code targets the superior vena cava specifically with a percutaneous transluminal approach, which is anatomically appropriate for a central venous catheter; however, it is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast and "central venous catheter" encompasses insertion points beyond the superior vena cava (e.g. femoral routes terminating at the inferior vena cava).
444986000 (Removal of cervicoisthmic cerclage by abdominal approach)maps to wider conceptNMF.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervix)ICHI code NMF.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the cervix via a transvaginal approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies an abdominal approach to remove a cerclage specifically placed at the cervicoisthmical junction; ICHI is broader in that it does not distinguish cerclage removal from other device removals and does not capture the abdominal route.
719179007 (Removal of conjunctival concretion)maps to wider conceptBBA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from conjunctiva without incision)A conjunctival concretion (calcified deposit) is functionally equivalent to a foreign body being extracted from the conjunctiva, and removal is typically done without incision (e.g., with a needle tip or forceps). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically concretions.
417488009 (Removal of conjunctival sutures)maps to wider conceptBBA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from conjunctiva without incision)ICHI has no dedicated suture-removal code for the conjunctiva; the closest match is removal of an internal device or foreign body from the conjunctiva without incision, since sutures are implanted material removed non-surgically. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all foreign bodies and devices, not just sutures.
1019009 (Removal of corneal epithelium)maps to wider conceptBBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)Removal of corneal epithelium (e.g., for photorefractive preparation or recurrent erosion treatment) is a partial excision limited to the epithelial layer of the cornea, which falls within the scope of BBB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial corneal excision, not specifically the epithelium alone.
47338008 (Removal of coronary artery obstruction)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF directly captures mechanical extraction of an obstruction from a coronary artery via an endovascular approach, which is the predominant technique for this procedure (e.g., thrombectomy, atherectomy). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies the endovascular means, while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic.
176839005 (Removal of displaced intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AC (Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)An IUD (intrauterine contraceptive device) sits in the uterus and is removed via the transvaginal route, fitting NME.JD.AC well; however, ICHI does not distinguish a displaced IUD from a normally positioned one, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies displacement.
179006005 (Removal of drainage system from bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)A drainage system placed in bone (e.g., for osteomyelitis) is an internal device, and MRB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from bone at an unspecified site; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specifically denote a drainage system and the site is unspecified, whereas SNOMED refers generically to "bone" without site specificity either — making this a reasonable but imprecise match.
10455003 (Removal of ectopic cervical pregnancy by evacuation)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)ICHI's code covers removal of ectopic pregnancy in general without specifying the cervical implantation site or the evacuation technique, making it broader than the more granular SNOMED concept which specifies both location and method.
90423005 (Removal of electrodes from peripheral nerve with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptACA.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device)The ICHI code captures percutaneous replacement of a peripheral nerve device, which aligns well with the synchronous removal-and-replacement of electrodes on a peripheral nerve; it is slightly broader because it covers any peripheral nerve device rather than specifying electrodes specifically.
285865009 (Removal of electrodes of brain with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)The ICHI code covers replacement of any intracranial device, which semantically encompasses the removal plus synchronous reinsertion of deep brain stimulator electrodes. However, it is broader in that it applies to all intracranial devices, not specifically DBS electrodes.
58211007 (Removal of electronic heart device battery)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI codes the removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system as a unit and does not have a component-level code for battery-only removal; the SNOMED concept is more granular, referring specifically to the battery/power source component.
27944006 (Removal of electronic heart device pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI treats the pacemaker/defibrillator as a whole system and offers no sub-component code for the pulse generator alone; the SNOMED concept specifically targets only the IPG/ICD generator, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
79105008 (Removal of electronic heart device, myocardial electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The HFC conducting-system block has no code specific to epicardial/myocardial lead extraction alone; HFC.JD.AA refers to the full system, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which isolates the myocardial electrode component.
71815002 (Removal of embolus)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)This residual ICHI code captures extraction of an obstruction (which includes an embolus) from an unspecified blood vessel, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED concept; it is slightly broader because "obstruction" encompasses thrombus and other material beyond pure emboli.
5726007 (Removal of epicardial electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI's closest code covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to epicardial electrode/lead removal only. No dedicated epicardial-lead-only removal code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match.
70589002 (Removal of epicardial electrodes with replacement of epicardial lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept describes a combined removal-and-replacement procedure specifically for epicardial leads; ICHI's replacement code (KA action axis) captures the replacement intent but encompasses the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than epicardial leads alone, making it broader in scope.
413111000 (Removal of exostosis from tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of tibia or fibula)Excision of an exostosis (bony outgrowth) from the tibia is a partial ostectomy by nature, and MNB.JJ.AA is the correct anatomical match; however, the code also includes the fibula and does not specify exostosis as the lesion type, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
387710000 (Removal of extrauterine ectopic fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy regardless of site (tubal, abdominal, ovarian, etc.), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to extrauterine (abdominal) ectopic fetus, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1255574003 (Removal of fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management (adjustment, repair, or removal) of any external dental appliance and is not limited to fixed orthodontic devices, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically describes removal of a fixed orthodontic appliance (e.g., brackets and wires).
789477006 (Removal of fixed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)The same KAE.SM.AC code applies here, as a fixed orthodontic retainer (bonded/lingual wire) is an external dental appliance; ICHI does not distinguish retainer removal from other external appliance management, making the ICHI code broader than this more specific SNOMED concept.
10849003 (Removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AH (Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing foreign body removal from any anatomical location, while ICHI organises all codes by specific target sites with no single cross-system catch-all code. MRS.JD.AH (soft tissue, unspecified site) is the most general applicable ICHI residual code, but it is still narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED grouper.
128396002 (Removal of foreign body from central nervous system)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)The SNOMED concept covers the entire CNS (brain and spinal cord/canal), while AAA.JD.AA is specific to the brain only; the spinal canal equivalent is a separate ICHI code (ABG.JD.AA). No single ICHI code covers all CNS foreign body removal.
443901003 (Removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue by incision of skin and dissection of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JD.AA matches the target (skin and subcutaneous tissue) and the open incision approach (AA = open), but is a residual "not elsewhere classified" code that also encompasses internal device removal and does not specify the dissection technique. The SNOMED concept is more specific in its procedural detail.
12467006 (Removal of gallstones from intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Gallstones impacted in the intestine (gallstone ileus) are removed as foreign bodies from the small intestine, making KBK.JD.AA the best structural match; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body and is labelled "not elsewhere classified," and does not specify gallstone as the foreign body type.
231782009 (Removal of gas/air from vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.JB.AA (Drainage of vitreous)Removing gas or air from the vitreous cavity is mechanically a drainage procedure performed on the vitreous body, corresponding to BCD.JB.AA; the ICHI code is broader because "drainage of vitreous" encompasses drainage of any vitreous content (fluid, blood, gas) and does not specify gas/air as the substance drained.
312612003 (Removal of Gentamicin beads from bone)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)Gentamicin (antibiotic) beads are an internal drug-delivery device implanted in bone; their removal is best captured by MZZ.JD.AA, the musculoskeletal NEC device/foreign body removal code, because ICHI has no bone-specific (non-skull, non-facial) JD category and this NEC code is the closest available; the code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal structure and any device type.
239392000 (Removal of graft from bone of face)maps to wider conceptMAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from facial bone, not elsewhere classified)ICHI classifies a bone graft as an internal device/foreign body, so MAB.JD.AA is the closest available code for removing an implanted graft from facial bone; however it is broader since it also covers non-graft devices and foreign bodies in any facial bone.
172597003 (Removal of granulation tissue from external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.JG.AC (Debridement of auricle of ear)Debridement of the auricle is the best available match for granulation tissue removal from the external ear; the code is broader because it covers the auricle specifically (not the full external ear including canal) and does not restrict to granulation tissue.
173000007 (Removal of granulation tissue from larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)Granulation tissue removal from the larynx is clinically performed endoscopically and maps to local excision of a laryngeal lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal lesion by any local excision approach, not specifically granulation tissue.
173070006 (Removal of granulation tissue from tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of trachea)Granulation tissue forming at a tracheostomy site is a tracheal/peristomal lesion, and local excision of a tracheal lesion is the closest ICHI match; the code is broader since it covers any tracheal lesion excision and does not specifically address the tracheostomy stoma or granulation tissue type.
21010009 (Removal of granulation tissue of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JG.AA (Debridement of skull)Debridement of the skull is the closest ICHI code for granulation tissue removal from the skull, as debridement encompasses excision of devitalized/granulation tissue from the bone surface; it is broader because it covers all forms of skull debridement rather than being specific to granulation tissue.
440424001 (Removal of halo device of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur, without incision)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removing an external immobilisation (halo) device from the femur; MLB.JD.AH (without incision) is the closest match because external fixator removal is non-incisional, but the ICHI title refers to "internal device or foreign body," making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an external halo device.
439730007 (Removal of halo device of pelvis)maps to wider conceptMKB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from pelvis without incision)Parallel reasoning to the femur mapping — ICHI lacks a specific code for removal of an external pelvic halo/fixator device, so MKB.JD.AH (without incision, pelvic region) is the best available code, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body removal from the pelvis without incision.
11811008 (Removal of halo traction device from skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision)ICHI has a specific insertion code for skull tongs/halo traction (MAA.DL.AA) and a replacement code (MAA.KB.AH), but no dedicated removal code; MAA.JD.AH (removal without incision from skull) is the closest functional match, though its scope is broader, covering any internal device or foreign body from the skull.
472838002 (Removal of hormone releasing intrauterine contraceptive device)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AC (Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)NME.JD.AC accurately captures the target (uterus), action (removal), and approach (transvaginal), which is the standard route for IUD removal; ICHI does not distinguish between hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept's specification of a hormone-releasing device.
216209009 (Removal of hydatidiform mole)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)Suction curettage of the uterus is the standard ICHI code for this procedure — hydatidiform mole removal is typically performed by suction curettage — but the ICHI code applies broadly to any uterine suction curettage, not specifically to molar pregnancy evacuation, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
284101009 (Removal of implant)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is the most generic site-agnostic match available in ICHI for the unspecified "removal of implant" concept; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses foreign bodies and also covers only soft tissue, while implants can be in bone or other structures.
80398005 (Removal of implant from deep soft tissues)maps to wider conceptMRM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from muscle of unspecified site)Deep soft tissues in surgical terminology primarily refers to fascial and muscular layers; MRM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from muscle, unspecified site) is the closest ICHI code for implants seated in deep soft tissue, though ICHI does not have a code explicitly for "deep soft tissue" as a target, making it wider since it specifies muscle but not all deep soft tissue layers.
35835002 (Removal of implant from superficial soft tissues)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Superficial soft tissue implants are characteristically located in the subcutaneous layer; LZZ.JD.AA (removal of internal device from skin and subcutaneous tissue, NEC) is the best ICHI match for site-unspecified superficial implant removal, though it is wider as it covers any site of the integumentary system and does not restrict to implants specifically.
302614009 (Removal of implanted antireflux prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision)The antireflux prosthesis (e.g., LINX magnetic sphincter augmentation device) is implanted at the lower oesophageal sphincter / gastroesophageal junction, and ICHI has no dedicated antireflux device removal code; KBA.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from the oesophagus via open incision, which is the best available anatomical match, though it is broader than the specific implant type.
233187001 (Removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system or components)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA directly and precisely describes removal of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, matching the core clinical action of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not distinguish between removal of the complete system versus individual components (generator or leads), whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly includes removal of components.
276842003 (Removal of implanted reservoir)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)An implanted reservoir (port-a-cath, subcutaneous drug reservoir) is typically housed in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and LZZ.JD.AA is the best available generic code for removal of an internal device from that compartment when a more specific site cannot be assigned. The code is wider because it encompasses all skin/subcutaneous device removals regardless of device type.
179273007 (Removal of implanted substance from bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)MRB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from bone without specifying a particular bone site, which aligns well with this SNOMED concept's unspecified-site, device-agnostic scope. It is marginally wider because ICHI's JD action groups "device or foreign body" together rather than singling out implanted substances such as bone cement or calcium-based fillers, but the semantic fit is the closest available in the classification.
1348291008 (Removal of indwelling peritoneal catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)KMA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the peritoneal cavity, which includes a peritoneal catheter but is broader — it encompasses foreign bodies and any internal device type, not specifically an indwelling peritoneal catheter. The SNOMED concept is more specific regarding device type.
36294002 (Removal of inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis)NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, which semantically encompasses removal of an inflatable penile prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any internal device, not specifically an inflatable prosthesis. The inflatable type is internal, making NGM.JD.AA the correct fit over the external prosthesis code.
395224001 (Removal of internal cardiac defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of pacemaker or defibrillator systems together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the defibrillator component; the ICHI code is therefore broader by including pacemaker removal under the same code.
91024001 (Removal of internal penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis)NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, which semantically encompasses removal of an internal penile prosthesis; however, it is broader because it includes foreign bodies and all device types rather than specifically naming a penile prosthesis.
48343003 (Removal of intracranial neurostimulator receiver)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)AAA.JD.AA directly captures removal of an internal device from the brain/intracranial space, which is the correct anatomical target and action; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any internal device or foreign body rather than specifying a neurostimulator receiver specifically.
230950007 (Removal of intracranial pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)ICHI has no specific code for removal of an intracranial pressure monitoring catheter; AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain, which encompasses this procedure but is broader in scope (any device type, not specifically a pressure catheter). No intracranial-space-specific removal code exists in ICHI.
230949007 (Removal of intracranial pressure transducer)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)Identical reasoning to the ICP catheter — ICHI does not distinguish between a pressure catheter and a pressure transducer at this level; both are implanted monitoring devices in the intracranial/brain region, and AAA.JD.AA is the closest available code, covering any device removal from the brain.
233437003 (Removal of intraluminal device from vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF matches well in concept — removing an intravascular device from a vein — but it is coded under "not elsewhere classified," meaning it applies broadly to any unspecified vein; the SNOMED concept also does not specify a vein site, so the match is close but the ICHI code's NEC designation makes it wider in classification scope.
1240451005 (Removal of intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)The intrathecal space (subarachnoid space within the dural sac) is anatomically located within the spinal canal, making ABG.JD.AA the appropriate target; however, ICHI does not specify catheter removal specifically — the code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the spinal canal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1263415006 (Removal of intrauterine contraceptive device from uterine cavity)maps to wider conceptNME.JD.AC (Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)NME.JD.AC aligns very closely — IUD removal is performed transvaginally from the uterus — but ICHI does not specify the device type as contraceptive, nor the location as "uterine cavity" specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
174439003 (Removal of lacerated fragment of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JG.AA (Debridement of liver)Surgical removal of a lacerated (necrotic/devitalised) fragment of the liver is the operative definition of hepatic debridement; KCA.JG.AA is the closest available code, but it is semantically broader because debridement also covers removal of infected or contaminated tissue beyond a simple traumatic fragment.
307293000 (Removal of lesion from intracranial extradural space)maps to wider conceptAAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of intracranial space)AAG (intracranial space) encompasses the full intracranial cavity including extradural, subdural, and subarachnoid compartments, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to the extradural (epidural) space; no finer-grained ICHI code exists for the intracranial extradural compartment specifically.
230987004 (Removal of lesion from spinal extradural space)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)ABG (spinal canal) covers the entire spinal canal lumen — extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedullary compartments — so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the extradural (epidural) space; this is the best available ICHI code as no spinal-extradural-specific code exists.
230991009 (Removal of lesion from spinal intradural extramedullary space)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)ABG.JI.AA is again the best available code, covering the whole spinal canal rather than specifically the intradural extramedullary compartment; ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) was considered but the intradural extramedullary space contains the meninges and subarachnoid contents together, making the spinal-canal code a marginally better fit for a lesion in that space.
234898005 (Removal of lesion of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of mouth — the closest is the NEC residual code covering the oral cavity broadly, which is anatomically wider than the specific floor-of-mouth site named in the SNOMED concept.
239458002 (Removal of loose body from within joint cavity)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has joint-specific removal codes (e.g., MMJ.JD.AA for knee) but no single code covering loose body removal from an unspecified joint cavity. MZZ.JD.AA covers removal of foreign body from any musculoskeletal structure NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets joint cavities.
234658005 (Removal of mandibular exostosis)maps to wider conceptMAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)An exostosis (bony overgrowth) of the mandible is a type of lesion, so removal of mandibular exostosis falls within the scope of local excision of a lesion of the mandible. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any lesion of the mandible (tumour, cyst, etc.), not specifically an exostosis.
232180008 (Removal of mastoid pack)maps to wider conceptCBA.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from middle ear, not elsewhere classified)A mastoid pack (surgical gauze/packing placed after mastoid surgery) is a form of temporary internal device, and ICHI codes mastoid interventions under the middle ear block; CBA.JD.AC is the closest applicable code, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the middle ear, not specifically mastoid packing.
234659002 (Removal of maxillary exostosis)maps to wider conceptMAF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of maxilla)A maxillary exostosis is a localised bony overgrowth on the maxilla, which is a form of lesion; local excision of a lesion of the maxilla (MAF.JI.AA) is the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any lesion type on the maxilla, not exclusively exostoses.
234691001 (Removal of membrane from periodontal tissue)maps to wider conceptKAG.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of gum)Periodontal tissue and gingiva (gum) are closely related structures, and removal of a membrane from periodontal tissue is a form of local tissue excision in that region; KAG.JI.AC is the nearest ICHI code but is broader as it covers any lesion or tissue excision of the gum rather than specifically membrane removal from periodontal tissue.
52808008 (Removal of neuropacemaker of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the device being removed is a neuropacemaker. The target (brain) and action (removal of internal device) are otherwise well matched.
171496007 (Removal of neurostimulator electrode from brain tissue)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)AAA.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device from the brain, which encompasses the neurostimulator electrode but without device-type specificity. The target and action axes align well, with ICHI simply being broader in device scope.
230966009 (Removal of neurostimulator from cranial nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve)A neurostimulator is an internal device, and the cranial nerve ganglion is anatomically part of the cranial nerve complex, making this a reasonable target match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from any part of the cranial nerve, not specifically a neurostimulator from a ganglion.
443613005 (Removal of night mouth guard)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)A night mouth guard (occlusal splint) is a dental device removed from the oral/dental region, which aligns with the target and action of removal of dental device. The ICHI code is wider as it covers removal of any dental device or foreign body, not exclusively a night guard.
20590009 (Removal of non-inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis)A non-inflatable (malleable) penile prosthesis is a surgically implanted internal device, making NGM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from penis, open approach) the correct match over the external prosthesis removal code. The ICHI code is wider because it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, not specifically a non-inflatable prosthesis.
428589002 (Removal of obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract)maps to wider conceptHBA.JI.AA (Local excision of left ventricular outflow tract tissue)HBA.JI.AA describes local excision of tissue in the left ventricular outflow tract, which is the standard surgical technique (e.g., myectomy or resection of obstructing tissue such as in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) used to remove an obstruction at this site. The ICHI code is slightly broader — it covers any local tissue excision in that location, not exclusively obstruction removal — but it is the closest and most clinically appropriate code available.
429312007 (Removal of obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract)maps to wider conceptHBB.JI.AA (Local excision of right ventricular outflow tract tissue)HBB.JI.AA is the right-ventricle counterpart and represents local surgical excision of tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract (e.g., infundibular resection for pulmonary stenosis). As with the left-sided code, it is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any local tissue excision at that site, not only obstruction removal.
172184007 (Removal of orbital floor implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.JD.AC (Removal of orbital implant)BAM.JD.AC covers removal of an orbital implant at the level of the orbit as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies that the implant is located in the orbital floor (a sub-anatomical site used in blowout fracture repair). The ICHI code is therefore broader, but it is the most precise available code within the orbit interventions block.
387740003 (Removal of ovarian cyst)maps to wider conceptNMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ovary)An ovarian cystectomy (removal of an ovarian cyst) is the prototypical procedure captured by NMA.JI.AA, which covers local excision of any lesion of the ovary and is the standard ICHI code for cyst removal without oophorectomy. The ICHI code is slightly broader because "lesion" encompasses entities beyond cysts (e.g., benign tumours, endometriomas), but it is the best available match.
39668000 (Removal of pancreatic drain)maps to wider conceptKCO.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of pancreas)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the pancreas, which encompasses a pancreatic drain but is not restricted to drains specifically. The approach (open, laparoscopic, endoscopic) is also unspecified in the base code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
240328004 (Removal of pancreatic tissue from donor)maps to wider conceptKCO.JH.AA (Procurement of pancreas)"Procurement of pancreas" is the standard ICHI term for harvesting the whole pancreas from a donor, which semantically matches the donor tissue removal intent; however, the SNOMED concept specifies tissue (possibly partial) rather than the whole organ, and the ICHI code is broader as it does not restrict to partial tissue.
231784005 (Removal of perfluorocarbon liquid from vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.JB.AA (Drainage of vitreous)Removing a perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade agent from the vitreous cavity is functionally performed as a drainage/aspiration procedure, and "Drainage of vitreous" is the closest ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any drainage of vitreous material, not specifically perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade removal.
424606007 (Removal of peripherally inserted central catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)A PICC line is an intravascular device sited in a vein, and its removal corresponds directly to the action captured by IZD.JD.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any intravascular device removed from any vein NEC, not specifically a peripherally inserted central catheter.
10848006 (Removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses a peritoneal dialysis catheter, but it is broader as it does not specify dialysis catheters specifically. The SNOMED concept is more precise in naming the dialysis catheter as the device being removed.
13176000 (Removal of peritoneal drainage device)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)A peritoneal drainage device is an internal device within the peritoneal cavity, so removal aligns with this ICHI code, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device or foreign body rather than being specific to drainage devices.
1280015009 (Removal of piercing from external ear)maps to wider conceptCAA.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified)A piercing (jewellery/foreign object) in the external ear is clinically classified as a foreign body; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any foreign body from the external ear and does not specifically reference piercings.
1230282005 (Removal of piercing of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.JD.AC (Removal of foreign body from tongue)A tongue piercing is a foreign body embedded in the tongue tissue; this ICHI code captures that concept but is broader, applying to any foreign body removed from the tongue rather than specifically to piercings.
180291001 (Removal of plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "removal of cast" code; PZX.SO.AH is the closest match, covering the concept but broader because it encompasses removal of any assistive product from any site, not specifically a plaster cast.
40576004 (Removal of pleurothecal shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)A pleurothecal shunt connects the thecal (spinal canal) space to the pleural cavity; ICHI has no code for pleurothecal shunt removal specifically, but ABG.JD.AA captures the spinal/thecal component of the procedure, making it the best available match even though it is broader and does not specify the pleural end of the shunt.
238335008 (Removal of plomb with decortication)maps to wider conceptJCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura)This procedure adds pleural decortication (stripping of the fibrous pleural peel) to the removal of the plomb, making it a more complex compound procedure than what JCA.JD.AA captures alone; ICHI has no combined code for this.
235244006 (Removal of prosthesis from stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)KBF.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the stomach, which encompasses a gastric prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader because it also includes foreign bodies and non-prosthetic devices, not just prostheses.
8842008 (Removal of prosthesis of joint structure of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.JD.AA is the best available code for removing a device from the spinal column, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it applies to all internal devices and foreign bodies from the spine, not specifically a joint prosthesis.
422940006 (Removal of pulmonary artery catheter)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)No dedicated ICHI code exists for the pulmonary artery specifically for device removal, so the best match is the residual NEC arterial device removal code, which is broader as it covers all arteries and all intravascular devices, not just pulmonary artery catheters.
1263965005 (Removal of residual dental adhesive from tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JG.AC (Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement)KAE.JG.AC is the closest ICHI concept, as removal of residual adhesive from a tooth surface is a debridement/cleaning procedure; however the code also encompasses scaling and polishing and is not specific to adhesive removal.
1263966006 (Removal of residual dental cement from tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)Residual dental cement is a foreign/introduced material on a tooth, fitting the "foreign body" concept in KAE.JD.AC. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any dental internal device or foreign body, not specifically residual cement.
26340002 (Removal of rice bodies from tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMGT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger)Rice bodies are fibrinous loose bodies forming lesions within the tendon sheath, so local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath is the best anatomical and procedural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any lesion excision in that sheath.
426509009 (Removal of ring from digit of hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb without incision)A ring on a digit of the hand is an external foreign body on upper limb skin/soft tissue, and removal is typically performed without incision. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any foreign body removal from upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue.
21805006 (Removal of salpingothecal shunt)maps to wider conceptNMC.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube)A salpingothecal shunt is a device implanted into the fallopian tube (salpinx) for CSF diversion, so its removal targets the fallopian tube as the primary site. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device removal from the fallopian tube and does not capture the thecal end of the shunt.
239399009 (Removal of sequestra from mandibular tooth socket)maps to wider conceptMAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible)Sequestra are necrotic bone fragments behaving as foreign bodies within the mandibular bone/tooth socket, making MAG.JD.AA the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any foreign body or internal device removal from the mandible.
230879004 (Removal of shunt tubing from ventricle of brain)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain ventricles, which encompasses shunt tubing removal, but is broader because it does not specify shunt tubing as the device being removed.
231783004 (Removal of silicone oil from vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.JB.AA (Drainage of vitreous)Removal of silicone oil from the vitreous is performed by aspiration or drainage of the vitreous cavity; BCD.JB.AA captures the target and the action, but is broader because it does not specify the substance drained as silicone oil.
363285009 (Removal of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a high-level, anatomically unspecified removal of soft tissue; MRS.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader as it implies a discrete lesion rather than generic tissue removal.
44503004 (Removal of spinal neurostimulator)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)ABG.JD.AA is the only ICHI code representing removal of an implanted device from the spinal canal, which captures the operative intent of explanting a neurostimulator; however, it is broader because it applies to any internal device or foreign body in the spinal canal.
84949001 (Removal of spinal thecal shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)The spinal canal encompasses the thecal (subarachnoid) space where a thecal shunt is placed, making this the correct anatomical target. ICHI is wider because the code covers any device removal from the spinal canal, not specifically a thecal shunt.
443433000 (Removal of sports mouth guard)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A sports mouth guard is an external oral appliance worn over the teeth; this ICHI code covers management (including removal/adjustment) of external tooth appliances. ICHI is wider because it encompasses all external dental appliance management rather than specifically removing a mouth guard.
303244009 (Removal of substance from skin or subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)This NEC code covers the full integumentary system without body-region specificity, aligning with the site-unspecified SNOMED concept. ICHI is wider because it frames the action as removing a device or foreign body, while the SNOMED concept also includes chemical or biological substances.
444216001 (Removal of superficial foreign body by incision)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from soft tissue via open approach, which aligns with the incision-based removal. However, it is broader in that it also encompasses internal device removal and does not restrict to "superficial" foreign bodies.
315603008 (Removal of surgical material and sutures)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists for body-site-unspecified suture or surgical material removal; LZZ.JD.AA is the closest match, covering removal of internal devices or foreign bodies (which includes sutures and surgical material) from the skin/subcutaneous layer, but it implies a specific anatomical target.
373670005 (Removal of thyroid adenoma)maps to wider conceptEBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of thyroid)EBA.JI.AA covers local excision of any discrete thyroid lesion, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the lesion type as an adenoma (benign glandular tumour); the procedure performed is otherwise equivalent in scope and approach.
306911001 (Removal of tooth splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.JD.AC (Removal of dental internal device or foreign body)KAE.JD.AC covers removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, which encompasses a tooth splint but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of splint removal alone.
426868006 (Removal of transobturator tape)maps to wider conceptNMH.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina)A transobturator tape (TOT) is a synthetic mid-urethral sling inserted for stress urinary incontinence; its removal involves the vaginal approach and the tape constitutes an implanted device. NMH.JD.AC is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any vaginal foreign body/device removal rather than specifically the suburethral mesh/tape.
45693007 (Removal of tumor of temporal bone)maps to wider conceptMAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of skull)The temporal bone is a specific cranial bone, but ICHI has no dedicated temporal bone target for tumor excision — the closest assignable code covers local excision of a lesion of the skull broadly. MAA.JI.AA is wider because it encompasses any skull bone rather than specifically the temporal bone.
450330005 (Removal of tunneled central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to tunneled CVCs (Hickman, Broviac, Port-a-Cath); the best fit is the residual "vein NEC" device-removal code IZD.JD.AF, which is broader since it applies to any vein and any intravascular device rather than a tunneled central venous catheter specifically.
287727009 (Removal of urinary drainage device)maps to wider conceptNAN.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a single code for removing a urinary drainage device generically (which can be in kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra); NAN.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the urinary system NEC and is the broadest matching residual, but it is wider as it applies to the whole urinary system without specifying the drainage device type.
286738000 (Removal of urinary system catheter)maps to wider conceptNAN.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single code for removing a urinary catheter generically across all possible anatomical sites; NAN.JD.AC is the appropriate urinary-system-level residual, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically catheters.
448362001 (Removal of vascular graft)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for vascular graft removal; IZE.JD.AF covers removal of an internal device from a blood vessel (NEC), which is the closest structural match but is broader, encompassing any intravascular device rather than a graft specifically. This is preferred over the artery-only or vein-only codes because a vascular graft can span both artery and vein and the NEC vessel code is more inclusive.
4037006 (Removal of vascular graft or prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept covers both graft and prosthesis removal, and IZE.JD.AF is the best available ICHI fit as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from a blood vessel NEC. ICHI does not distinguish graft versus prosthesis removal as separate codes, so a wider match applies.
423570000 (Removal of vascular sheath)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)A vascular (introducer) sheath is an intravascular device temporarily placed in a vessel; ICHI has no dedicated sheath-removal code, but IZE.JD.AF — removal of an intravascular device from a blood vessel NEC — covers the act semantically, albeit more broadly than the specific sheath concept.
426410001 (Removal of ventricular assist device)maps to wider conceptHBZ.JD.AA (Removal of biventricular assist device)ICHI offers three laterality-specific VAD removal codes (left, right, biventricular); the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to which ventricle, so HBZ.JD.AA (biventricular) is the closest non-lateralised assignable code, though it still implies a biventricular device rather than simply "unspecified".
304834009 (Removal of ventriculoatrial shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)ICHI has no specific code for ventriculoatrial shunt removal; AAE.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from the brain ventricles, capturing the ventricular (proximal) end of the procedure. The atrial end is not represented, making this a wider match, but it is the most clinically specific ICHI code available for this neurosurgical intervention.
230878007 (Removal of ventriculoperitoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain ventricles, which encompasses the ventricular end of a VP shunt, but the ICHI code does not capture the peritoneal (distal) component or the shunt-specific nature of the procedure.
304837002 (Removal of ventriculopleural shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)As with VP shunt removal, AAE.JD.AA is the closest available code, capturing the ventricular device removal component. However, it does not distinguish ventriculopleural from ventriculoperitoneal or other shunt types, nor encode the pleural distal terminus.
287367008 (Removal of vessel clot)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.JE.AA represents extraction of an obstruction (which includes a clot/thrombus) from a blood vessel NEC, closely matching the generic concept of removing a clot from a vessel. It is wider because it covers any vascular obstruction extraction regardless of vessel type and does not specify clot as the specific obstructive material.
34481004 (Removal of Vinke tongs from skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision)Vinke tongs are a type of skull traction device applied externally to the skull, and their removal is a non-incisional procedure; MAA.JD.AH (removal without incision) is the best fit among the skull device removal codes. It is wider because it encompasses any device or foreign body removed from the skull without incision, not specifically skull traction tongs.
417297006 (Removal of viscoelastic from anterior chamber)maps to wider conceptBBE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye)Viscoelastic (OVD) placed in the anterior chamber during ophthalmic surgery is functionally treated as a foreign substance to be removed, and BBE.JD.AA is the only ICHI code for removal of material from the anterior chamber of the eye. It is wider because it covers any device or foreign body from that anatomical site, not specifically viscoelastic/OVD removal.
307660002 (Remove blade jaw implant)maps to wider conceptMAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible)MAG.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the mandible, which captures the core procedure (removing a mandibular blade-vent/endosseous implant), but is broader because it does not distinguish implant type (blade vs. other) or specify that the device was a dental/jaw implant specifically.
234668000 (Remove jaw implant)maps to wider conceptMAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible)MAG.JD.AA is the best available match for removal of a jaw implant from the mandible; it is wider because it encompasses any internal device or foreign body removal from the mandible and does not specify implant type, and it assumes mandible specifically — a maxillary implant would map to MAF.JD.AA.
408980000 (Renal care)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney)No ICHI assignable code corresponds to "renal care" as a general nephrology management concept; searches for "renal care", "nephrology", "kidney care", and "care management" all returned no results. The organisational block BlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney) is the broadest relevant grouping, but it is not an assignable category code and is considerably wider than a managed-care concept.
241248000 (Renal venous sampling)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)No ICHI code exists for selective renal vein blood sampling (e.g., for renin or aldosterone); searches for "venous sampling", "renal vein sampling", "aldosterone", "renin", and "selective catheterization" confirmed this. DIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood) is the closest assignable category — it covers the act of collecting a blood specimen but is broader, lacking the selective renal-vein catheterisation specificity.
238293002 (Renewal of abdominal pack)maps to wider conceptKMA.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity)An abdominal pack is a temporary haemostatic gauze/sponge placed in the peritoneal cavity during damage-control surgery; its renewal aligns best with replacement of an internal device of the peritoneal cavity. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device in the peritoneal cavity, not specifically a surgical haemostatic pack.
230875005 (Renewal of distal catheter of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)The distal (peritoneal) catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is one component of the ventricular shunt system; replacement of that component maps to replacement of a ventricular device, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device rather than specifically the distal catheter.
230947009 (Renewal of intracranial pressure catheter)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)An ICP catheter (e.g., intraparenchymal fibre-optic probe or ventriculostomy catheter used for pressure monitoring) is an intracranial device; its renewal maps to replacement of intracranial device, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers any intracranial device replacement and does not specify a pressure-monitoring catheter.
230944002 (Renewal of intracranial pressure transducer)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)An ICP transducer (subdural or epidural sensor used to measure intracranial pressure) is an intracranial monitoring device; its renewal maps to replacement of intracranial device, which is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not distinguish a pressure transducer from other intracranial devices.
230874009 (Renewal of proximal catheter of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ventricular device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying replacement of only the proximal catheter component of a ventricular shunt; ICHI does not have a code specific to the proximal catheter portion alone.
177956008 (Reopening of abdomen and re-exploration of intra-abdominal operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding)maps to wider conceptPAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site)PAL.FA.AA captures the reopening of the laparotomy site but does not encode the additional components of re-exploration of the intra-abdominal operation field and surgical haemostasis; ICHI has no single code combining all three elements, so the closest code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
177768005 (Reopening of chest and re-exploration of intra-abdominal operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding)maps to wider conceptJCH.FA.AA (Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified)This unusual SNOMED concept describes reopening the chest to access and re-explore an intra-abdominal site (likely a combined thoracoabdominal incision) with haemostasis; ICHI has no dedicated code for this multi-cavity reopening procedure, and the thoracotomy NEC code captures only the chest-entry component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
178376007 (Reopening of cranium and re-exploration of intracranial operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy) covers the surgical opening of the skull, which is the core procedural component of this concept, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific intent of re-exploration, re-entry after a prior operation, or surgical haemostasis of postoperative bleeding.
225119004 (Repadding wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Repadding a wound is a specific form of wound dressing renewal; LZZ.DK.AH is the closest ICHI match, covering the application of any wound dressing to skin, but it is broader because it encompasses all dressing applications, not specifically replacement of padding material.
235381007 (Repair of anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest available ICHI code, covering surgical repair within the anus and anal canal block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets specifically the anal sphincter muscle.
75087007 (Repair of aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific aneurysm repair codes only for left and right ventricular aneurysm; the SNOMED concept covers aneurysm repair at any vascular site, so IZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, NEC) is the most appropriate generic match, though broader, encompassing all blood vessel repairs.
14653008 (Repair of aneurysm with graft of mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction (including graft repair) of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the mesenteric artery; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to the entire abdominal/pelvic arterial territory and does not distinguish the graft type used.
236936007 (Repair of broad ligament tear)maps to wider conceptNME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures)The broad ligament is a peritoneal fold intimately associated with the uterus, and ICHI has no dedicated broad ligament repair code; NME.ML.AA explicitly includes repair of uterine surrounding structures and is the closest anatomical fit, though broader in scope than a targeted ligament tear repair.
47266003 (Repair of broken complete denture base)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no code specifically for repairing a denture base; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest available code covering maintenance/management of dental prosthetic appliances, but it is broader than the specific act of repairing a broken complete denture base.
172206004 (Repair of canthus with mucosal graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for canthus repair or for repair with a mucosal graft; "Repair of eyelid" is the closest anatomical match since the canthus is the corner of the eyelid, but the code is broader and does not capture the graft-based technique or canthus-specific site.
441657002 (Repair of capsule and anterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)"Repair of shoulder joint" covers the general concept of shoulder joint repair (including capsule and labrum stabilization procedures such as a Bankart repair), but is broader as it does not specify the anterior labrum target, the capsulolabral approach, or the stabilization intent.
441606001 (Repair of capsule and posterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)"Repair of shoulder joint" is the best available ICHI code for posterior capsulolabral stabilization (reverse Bankart type repair), but it does not distinguish anterior from posterior labrum or capture the stabilization-specific intent.
58632007 (Repair of cardiac pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a specific code for repairing a pulse generator; "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" is the closest match covering post-implant interventions on the pacing system, but it subsumes activities beyond repair (e.g., reprogramming, checks).
439936006 (Repair of chest wall herniation of lung)maps to wider conceptPAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)PAF.MK.AA covers repair of the chest wall in general and is the most specific available ICHI code, but it does not capture the lung herniation component of the procedure; a more precise code targeting lung herniation through the chest wall does not exist in ICHI.
234892006 (Repair of cleft of soft palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA directly maps to repair of the soft palate, which is the correct anatomical target and surgical action; however, it is broader because it does not specify that the repair addresses a congenital cleft specifically.
330857008 (Repair of common bile duct laceration)maps to wider conceptKCM.MK.AA (Repair of bile duct)KCM.MK.AA covers repair of bile duct (which includes the common bile duct as the principal bile duct structure) and matches the surgical action precisely; it is wider because it does not specify that the indication is a laceration, nor does it distinguish the common bile duct from other bile duct segments.
237027001 (Repair of complete perineal tear)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum broadly, which encompasses a complete perineal tear repair, but does not distinguish between the degree (complete/partial) of the tear; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying a complete (4th-degree) tear.
53612009 (Repair of corneal laceration with conjunctival flap)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)BBB.MK.AA captures the core procedure of repairing the cornea, but does not encode the specific technique of using a conjunctival flap to effect the repair, making the ICHI code broader.
9724000 (Repair of current obstetric laceration of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.MK.AA (Repair of uterus)NME.MK.AA denotes repair of the uterus in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies an obstetric context (intrapartum/current delivery) and a laceration as the specific pathology being repaired; the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the obstetric or laceration specificity.
231070009 (Repair of digital nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Digital nerves are a specific subset of peripheral nerves (the proper palmar digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves), so the ICHI code covers the correct action (repair) on the correct anatomical category but is broader — it does not distinguish digital nerves from any other peripheral nerve.
761824002 (Repair of ectropion of eyelid with tissue graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI has no code specific to ectropion correction; the closest match is BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid), which captures the reconstructive/grafting nature of the procedure, but is broader in that it does not specify ectropion as the indication or a tissue graft as the means.
44148007 (Repair of enterostomy)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)ICHI treats the enterostomy as an artificial body structure (PTB block) and has no dedicated "repair of enterostomy" code; PTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy) is the closest functional match, covering procedural interventions on an existing stoma, though broader.
758670001 (Repair of entropion with tissue graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI has no code specific to entropion correction; BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid) best reflects the grafting and reconstructive component of the procedure, though it is broader in that it does not capture the specific indication (entropion) or the graft technique.
240528003 (Repair of eyelid laceration, full-thickness)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid) is a direct terminological match for repair of an eyelid laceration; it is wider because it does not specify the laceration as the indication or capture the full-thickness extent of the injury.
232841002 (Repair of implanted aortic paravalvular leak)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)ICHI's "Repair of aortic valve" covers all aortic valve repair procedures and does not distinguish between native valve repair and repair of a paravalvular leak around an implanted prosthesis; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
232776009 (Repair of implanted mitral paravalvular leak)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI's "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus" is the closest available code but encompasses all mitral valve repairs including native valve procedures; it does not specifically capture repair of a paravalvular leak around an implanted prosthetic mitral valve.
232877009 (Repair of implanted pulmonary paravalvular leak)maps to wider conceptHDG.MK.AA (Repair of pulmonary valve)ICHI's "Repair of pulmonary valve" is the closest available code but covers all pulmonary valve repair procedures without distinguishing native from prosthetic valve contexts or the specific scenario of paravalvular leak.
232814007 (Repair of implanted tricuspid paravalvular leak)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDH.MK.AA covers all forms of tricuspid valve repair, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes repair of a paravalvular (periprosthetic) leak around an already-implanted prosthetic tricuspid valve — a narrower clinical scenario not distinguished in ICHI.
232954008 (Repair of implanted truncal paravalvular leak)maps to wider conceptHDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve)HDI.MK.AA is the only truncal valve repair code in ICHI and encompasses all truncal valve repairs; the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to closing a paravalvular leak around a prosthetic truncal valve implant.
127598004 (Repair of joint capsule of knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.MK.AA (Repair of knee joint)MMJ.MK.AA covers repair of the knee joint broadly; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting the joint capsule (capsulorrhaphy) rather than the joint as a whole, but no capsule-specific ICHI code exists within the knee joint block.
72491000 (Repair of laceration of cornea with application of tissue glue)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)BBB.MK.AA captures corneal repair in general but does not encode the specific cause (laceration) or the technique (tissue glue application); the SNOMED concept is more precise in both the injury type and the repair method used.
14764004 (Repair of laceration of male perineum)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)ICHI's "Repair of perineum" covers all perineal repairs regardless of sex or wound type, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a laceration repair in a male patient.
237029003 (Repair of laceration of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.MK.AA (Repair of vulva)ICHI's "Repair of vulva" encompasses all types of vulvar repair, not specifically laceration repair, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to laceration as the wound type.
1332407006 (Repair of ligament with graft)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a body-site-agnostic "ligament reconstruction" code; ligament is a sub-type of soft tissue, and MRS.ML.AA is the most appropriate non-site-specific reconstruction code available. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all soft tissue (not just ligament).
699119008 (Repair of medial ligament of talocrural joint)maps to wider conceptMOL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament of foot or toe)ICHI's lower leg ligament block (MNL) contains only incision and division codes with no repair option; the medial (deltoid) ligament of the talocrural joint attaches to tarsal bones, so MOL.MK.AA (foot/toe ligament repair) is the closest anatomical match but is broader in scope.
1204284001 (Repair of mitral valve using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDF.MK.AA is a direct semantic match for mitral valve repair; the robotic assistance modifier is expressible separately as ICHI extension code XG5Z48, so without the extension the base code alone is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies robotic technique.
75960006 (Repair of muscle with graft of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has a generic "repair of muscle" code but no specific code capturing the tendon graft technique, so MRM.MK.AA covers the target (muscle) and action (repair) but is broader, omitting both the graft nature and the tendon-as-graft-material specificity.
35552007 (Repair of nonperforating laceration of cornea with removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)BBB.MK.AA captures the core intervention (repair of cornea) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which additionally specifies the non-perforating nature of the laceration and the concurrent removal of a foreign body; ICHI encodes the latter as a separate code (BBB.JD.AA).
31939001 (Repair of obstetric laceration of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.MK.AC (Other repair of cervix)NMF.MK.AC is the non-laparoscopic, non-fistula cervix repair code and is the best available match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the obstetric context or the specific mechanism (laceration).
48775002 (Repair of obstetric laceration of pelvic floor)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)The pelvic floor and perineum are anatomically related and obstetric pelvic floor lacerations are repaired at the perineum, making PAW.MK.AA the best available match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all perineal repairs without specifying the pelvic floor musculature or the obstetric context.
55669006 (Repair of obstetrical laceration of perineum)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes repair of an obstetrical (childbirth) laceration; the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the obstetric context or the mechanism of injury.
425846009 (Repair of orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management (adjustment, repair, modification) of an external dental appliance such as an orthodontic brace; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because "management" encompasses more than just repair, and does not specify that the appliance is orthodontic.
86885004 (Repair of pacemaker electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no dedicated code for repair of pacemaker leads/electrodes in isolation; HFC.SN.AA covers management of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system and is broader because it encompasses the entire system (not just the electrodes) and covers all types of management.
38315009 (Repair of pacemaker with replacement of pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of replacing the pulse generator component; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it refers to the system as a whole rather than specifically the pulse generator.
112962008 (Repair of perforating laceration of cornea not involving uveal tissue)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)BBB.MK.AA covers all corneal repair procedures but does not specify the type of wound (perforating laceration) or the qualifier that uveal tissue is not involved; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which describes a specific wound type and depth of injury.
440534008 (Repair of pseudoaneurysm)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific code for pseudoaneurysm repair; IZE.MK.AA is the broadest available repair code for blood vessels with NEC scope, and is wider than the SNOMED concept since it covers any blood vessel repair rather than pseudoaneurysm-specific repair.
1287893003 (Repair of retinal tear by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA covers repair of the retina broadly, which includes repair of a retinal tear, but does not specify the diathermy technique (the means axis AA indicates open/unspecified approach), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
237025009 (Repair of right mediolateral episiotomy)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA captures repair of the perineum, which encompasses episiotomy repair (perineorrhaphy), but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right mediolateral approach; laterality and episiotomy-type detail could be added via ICHI extension codes.
172247001 (Repair of ruptured palpebral ligament)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)The palpebral (canthal) ligament is a structural component of the eyelid apparatus; BAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid) is the most specific available ICHI code and subsumes repair of its ligamentous structures, but it is broader as ICHI has no dedicated code for palpebral ligament repair specifically.
25184000 (Repair of stoma of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.MK.AA (Repair of bronchus)JBB.MK.AA covers repair of the bronchus broadly, which includes stomal repair but is not limited to it; the SNOMED concept specifies a stoma as the target of repair, making the ICHI code wider.
48371009 (Repair of stoma of common duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.MK.AA (Repair of bile duct)KCM.MK.AA covers repair of the bile duct generally, which encompasses the common duct (common bile duct) but is not specific to stomal repair; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all bile ducts and all types of repair.
64271007 (Repair of stoma of gallbladder)maps to wider conceptKCF.MK.AA (Repair of gallbladder)KCF.MK.AA covers repair of the gallbladder in general, which includes stomal repair but encompasses any type of gallbladder repair; the SNOMED concept is narrower in specifying that the repair targets the gallbladder stoma specifically.
65128001 (Repair of stoma of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.MK.AA (Repair of larynx)JAN.MK.AA covers repair of the larynx generally without specifying a stoma as the repair target; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that the repair is directed at a laryngeal stoma (such as a tracheostoma or laryngostoma).
90788004 (Repair of stoma of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.MK.AA (Repair of rectum)KBW.MK.AA covers repair of the rectum in general without distinguishing stomal repair from other repair types; the SNOMED concept specifically targets a rectal stoma (colostomy/proctostomy site).
77071005 (Repair of stoma of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)ICHI has no code specific to gastric stoma repair; KBF.MK.AA covers repair of the stomach organ broadly, which subsumes stoma repair but is not limited to it. The dedicated gastrostomy block (PTA) only contains assessment, closure, education, and management — no repair code.
360370002 (Repair of stomach laceration by suture)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)KBF.MK.AA covers all forms of stomach repair without distinguishing the specific technique (suture) or cause (laceration); the SNOMED concept is more specific, so the ICHI code is broader.
19199006 (Repair of syndactyly)maps to wider conceptLAE.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no code for syndactyly repair as a named procedure; syndactyly repair primarily involves skin separation and reconstruction of the digital webspace, and LAE.MK.AA is the closest match, though broader in target and not capturing the congenital digit-separation aspect.
1348289000 (Repair of tendon with graft)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)MRT.ML.AA uses the ML action which specifically denotes reconstruction or graft-based procedures, capturing the "with graft" aspect better than MRT.MK.AA (simple repair); however, the unspecified site target makes it broader than the SNOMED concept.
237028006 (Repair of vaginal tear)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AC (Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach)ICHI does not have a specific code for repair of a vaginal tear (laceration/colporrhaphy); NMH.MK.AC is broader in that it covers any repair of the vagina regardless of pathology, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically indicates a tear as the indication.
1260478001 (Repair of ventral hernia using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no dedicated code for ventral hernia repair — the hernia-specific codes cover only inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias. PAL.MK.AA (general abdominal wall repair) is broader; additionally, robotic assistance is a means detail not captured.
49662002 (Repair of wound of extraocular tendon)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)ICHI codes the repair target as "extraocular muscle" rather than distinguishing muscle from tendon, so BDA.MK.AA is the closest match but is broader in that it covers repair of the whole muscle–tendon unit rather than being specific to the tendon component.
79046000 (Repair of wound of Tenon's capsule)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)Tenon's capsule (fascia bulbi) is the fibrous tissue layer encasing the eyeball beneath the conjunctiva — ICHI has no specific code for it, but the conjunctiva block is the closest anatomical neighbour and the repair action matches exactly. BBA.MK.AA is broader as the conjunctiva is a distinct, more superficial structure.
63001006 (Repair or replace broken clasp, partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for denture clasp repair or replacement; KAE.SM.AC covers management (including repair and adjustment) of an external dental appliance, which encompasses removable partial dentures, but is broader as it covers all external dental appliances and any management activity.
50990003 (Repair with recession)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)"Repair with recession" is a strabismus surgical technique where an extraocular muscle is detached and reattached further back on the globe to weaken it; ICHI has no dedicated recession code, but BDA.MK.AA captures the body site and the repair action and is broader as it encompasses any repair regardless of technique.
61892004 (Repair with surgical advancement)maps to wider conceptBDA.LK.AA (Advancement of extraocular muscle)"Repair with surgical advancement" is a strabismus surgery technique where an extraocular muscle is advanced (moved forward) to strengthen it; BDA.LK.AA is a precise match to the "advancement" component and the correct anatomical target, marginally broader as ICHI codes advancement as a standalone category.
71372002 (Replacement of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator, total system)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA explicitly covers replacement of a defibrillator system, which directly corresponds to the SNOMED procedure; however, the ICHI code also encompasses pacemaker system replacement, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to cardioverter/defibrillator devices only.
444051004 (Replacement of bilateral hip joints)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement of a hip joint device without specifying laterality, so it does not capture the bilateral nature of the SNOMED concept; the bilateral aspect would require a laterality extension code, making the base ICHI code broader than the SNOMED which explicitly specifies both sides.
431845006 (Replacement of biliary drain using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.KA.AD (Replacement of device in biliary duct)KCM.KA.AD accurately represents replacement of a device (drain) in the biliary duct, directly matching the core procedure; however, ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a means for this code, so the modality-specific detail from the SNOMED concept is lost, making the ICHI code broader.
28645008 (Replacement of bone flap of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)Cranial osteoplasty (cranioplasty) is the closest ICHI code covering surgical reconstruction of the skull including reinsertion of a bone flap, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of bone flap replacement. No dedicated "replacement of bone flap" code exists in ICHI.
771557007 (Replacement of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system via open approach, which includes the biventricular ICD (CRT-D) described by the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish biventricular (CRT) devices from other pacemaker/defibrillator types.
448869001 (Replacement of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Fluoroscopic guidance is the standard means for percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) pacemaker replacement, and the AF means axis captures this approach correctly. The ICHI code is broader because it does not differentiate biventricular (CRT-P) devices and encompasses all pacemaker/defibrillator replacement via percutaneous transluminal route.
432852006 (Replacement of cardiac defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The percutaneous transluminal means axis (AF) correctly captures fluoroscopic-guided transvenous device replacement, and the ICHI title explicitly includes defibrillator systems. The code is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses pacemaker-only systems, not just defibrillators.
444566006 (Replacement of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems together, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to a pacemaker (no defibrillator component). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1234785000 (Replacement of cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)CRT-D pulse generator replacement is a percutaneous procedure targeting the defibrillator/pacemaker system, making HFC.KA.AF the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code encompasses any pacemaker or defibrillator system replacement via percutaneous transluminal approach, not specifically CRT-D, and also includes the lead system rather than the pulse generator alone.
85963000 (Replacement of cerebral ventricular valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ventricular device in the brain's ventricles, which encompasses a ventricular valve (e.g. a Holter valve in a VP shunt), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify a valve specifically.
8588008 (Replacement of distal catheter in shunt system)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)ICHI does not have a code specific to the distal (peritoneal or atrial) limb of a shunt; AAE.KA.AA (replacement of ventricular device) is the best available match covering shunt component replacement in the ventricular/brain context, though it is broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses on the distal catheter portion of the system.
46645006 (Replacement of electroencephalographic receiver in brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)The SNOMED concept specifies replacement of an EEG receiver (a specific type of intracranial recording device), while AAA.KA.AA covers replacement of any intracranial device broadly. The ICHI code captures the replacement action on a brain-located device but does not encode the EEG-specific nature of the implant.
232334003 (Replacement of electronic heart device battery)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically addresses replacement of just the battery/generator component of an electronic heart device. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing the whole system rather than only the power source.
48080004 (Replacement of electronic stimulator into urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.KA.AA (Replacement of bladder device)NAI.KA.AA covers replacement of any bladder device and is a good structural match; however, it does not specify that the device is an electronic stimulator, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for bladder neurostimulator replacement exists in the classification.
231022003 (Replacement of epidural electrode)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)An epidural electrode (typically a spinal cord stimulator lead) resides in the spinal canal/epidural space, and ABG.KA.AE is the closest ICHI code covering percutaneous replacement of a device in that anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any spinal canal device rather than specifically an epidural electrode.
445420008 (Replacement of extracranial ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of a ventricular (brain ventricle) device, which aligns with the concept of replacing the hardware of a ventricular shunt system. The ICHI code is broader since it covers any ventricular device replacement, not exclusively an extracranial shunt.
311772003 (Replacement of grommet in tympanic membrane)maps to wider conceptCBB.JB.AC (Myringotomy with insertion of tube)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for grommet replacement; CBB.JB.AC covers myringotomy with tube insertion, which is the operative component of grommet replacement, but also applies to initial insertions, making it broader than the SNOMED replacement-only concept.
105231000220109 (Replacement of Hawley orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A Hawley retainer is a removable external dental appliance, and its replacement falls within the management of an external dental appliance; however, KAE.SM.AC is broader as it covers all types of management (not only replacement) of any external dental appliance.
440668008 (Replacement of implantable contraceptive capsule)maps to wider conceptPZX.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific code for replacement of a subdermal/subcutaneous contraceptive implant in the upper limb; PZX.KA.AE is the residual catch-all for percutaneous replacement of a device when no site-specific replacement code exists, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1351203001 (Replacement of implanted heart valve prosthesis)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI encodes heart valve replacement at the individual valve level (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid), but the SNOMED concept is valve-unspecified; the parent block BlockL4-HDE encompasses all heart valve replacement procedures and is assigned as the best available match where no single valve-specific category applies.
1220642002 (Replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)An intrathecal implantable infusion pump is a device housed within the spinal canal, and replacement is the correct action and approach (percutaneous). However, the ICHI code covers any spinal canal device, not specifically an intrathecal drug infusion pump, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429776003 (Replacement of lateral canthal tendon using periosteal strip)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)The lateral canthal tendon is a structural component of the eyelid complex, and reinsertion or replacement of this tendon constitutes a repair of the eyelid. ICHI does not have a code specific to canthal tendon procedures or to the periosteal strip technique, so the eyelid repair code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
429055001 (Replacement of lateral canthal tendon using tarsal strip)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)As with the periosteal strip variant, the tarsal strip canthoplasty is a technique for reattaching the lateral canthal tendon and falls under eyelid repair in ICHI. The ICHI code does not distinguish the tarsal strip technique or the canthal tendon target, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
698864002 (Replacement of lead of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Lead replacement for an ICD is coded under percutaneous transluminal replacement of the pacemaker or defibrillator system in ICHI, which is the standard route for lead revision. The ICHI code covers the entire system rather than the lead specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
6639006 (Replacement of obstructed valve in shunt system)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA directly covers replacement of a device within the brain ventricles, which is the anatomical site of the shunt valve in a ventricular shunt system; it is broader because it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device, not specifically an obstructed valve component, and does not distinguish valve-only revision from full device replacement.
234861009 (Replacement of orthodontic archwire)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest ICHI code for routine adjustment or maintenance of orthodontic hardware; an archwire is an external orthodontic appliance on the teeth, and replacing it falls under management of an external dental appliance, though the ICHI code is broader than this specific wire-exchange procedure.
439240009 (Replacement of percutaneous tube with imaging guidance using contrast)maps to wider conceptPZX.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified)PZX.KA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the replacement-of-device action, which aligns with the core procedure; it is broader because it does not specify a tube (versus other devices), the use of imaging guidance, or the contrast medium, and it applies to any unspecified anatomical site rather than a specific organ system.
234683005 (Replacement of periodontal flap)maps to wider conceptKAG.MK.AC (Repair of gum)ICHI has no periodontal-specific codes; the gum block (KAG) contains no flap procedure. "Repair of gum" is the closest available code but is broader, encompassing any gum repair rather than the specific surgical technique of repositioning and suturing a raised mucoperiosteal flap.
229577006 (Replacement of permanent transvenous electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no separate code for replacing only the transvenous leads/electrodes — the HFC block treats the pacemaker as a system including both generator and leads. This code is wider because it covers full system replacement, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets only the electrode/lead component.
698863008 (Replacement of pulse generator of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA is the best available match — it captures replacement of a defibrillator — but it describes replacement of the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing only the pulse generator component, making the ICHI code broader.
450820006 (Replacement of pulse generator of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the whole pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish pulse-generator-only replacement or the use of fluoroscopic guidance as a means; the SNOMED concept is more specific on both the component replaced and the procedural technique.
227647000 (Replacement of skull tongs)maps to wider conceptMAA.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull)MAA.KB.AH covers replacement of any external immobilisation device applied to the skull, which encompasses skull tongs (and halo traction devices), but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to tongs versus other external skull immobilisation appliances.
22621001 (Replacement of subarachnoid/subdural catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)ABG.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of any device within the spinal canal, which encompasses subarachnoid and subdural catheters, but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to catheters and the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach.
89297009 (Replacement of temporary transvenous pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AF captures replacement of a pacemaker system via percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) approach, but the ICHI code is broader because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not distinguish temporary from permanent pacemaker replacement.
718084006 (Replacement of tooth with removable complete denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for removable complete denture fitting; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available concept but encompasses any dental device application, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a removable complete denture as a tooth replacement.
718083000 (Replacement of tooth with removable partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)As with the complete denture concept, ICHI contains no code specific to removable partial dentures; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available code in the teeth interventions block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
177375008 (Replacement of ureterostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ureteric device)NAE.KA.AA captures the core action (replacing a device in the ureter); it is broader because it covers any ureteric device, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies replacement of a ureterostomy tube specifically.
105251000220103 (Replacement of vacuum formed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for orthodontic retainers or retainer replacement; KAE.SM.AC is the closest structural match, covering management/adjustment of tooth-related external devices, but it is broader than the specific act of replacing a vacuum-formed orthodontic retainer.
7619000 (Replacement of wound drain of integument)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified)ICHI contains no specific code for replacement of a wound drain in skin; LZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest available residual category for integumentary interventions, capturing the concept at the cost of all specificity.
71037008 (Replacement of wound packing of integument)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for replacement of wound packing in the integument; LZZ.DK.AH covers the same clinical act of applying wound-care material to skin but does not distinguish the "replacement" aspect or differentiate packing from other dressings.
430294007 (Reposition of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no specific "repositioning" code for a pacemaker generator; HFC.SN.AA is the closest procedural fit within the correct anatomical domain, but it is broader, covering any management activity, not specifically repositioning under fluoroscopic guidance.
308739004 (Repositioning)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a generic "repositioning" code; PZX.LD.ZZ is the most general positioning code and captures the intent of an unspecified repositioning procedure, though it is broader in scope.
448242007 (Repositioning of cardiac pacemaker lead using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not distinguish lead repositioning from other pacemaker/defibrillator management activities; HFC.SN.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach (matching fluoroscopic guidance) but remains broader than the specific act of repositioning a lead.
65936006 (Repositioning of cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)No ICHI code specifically captures repositioning of an ICD pulse generator; HFC.SN.AA is the best-fitting code in the correct anatomical domain but broader, encompassing all management activities for the device system.
231752003 (Repositioning of intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of lens)BBF.LD.AA covers repositioning of the lens broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about an intraocular (prosthetic) lens implant; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for repositioning of a prosthetic/intraocular lens separately from the natural crystalline lens.
787789001 (Resection of annular ligament of radius)maps to wider conceptMEL.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia of elbow)The annular ligament of the radius is an elbow ligament, so MEL.JI.AA is the best anatomical match. However, it specifies "local excision of lesion" and does not represent resection of the entire annular ligament specifically; no dedicated annular ligament resection code exists in ICHI.
64484001 (Resection of extraocular tarsal muscle for blepharoptosis)maps to wider conceptBDA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons)BDA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of ocular/extraocular muscles and is the closest structural match, but it does not capture the tarsal muscle specificity or the blepharoptosis indication, and no dedicated ptosis correction via muscle resection code exists in ICHI.
1231421005 (Resection of non-ruptured aneurysm of carotid artery with interposition graft replacement)maps to wider conceptIBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.ML.AA captures the essential operative concept — excision of the aneurysm segment and vascular reconstitution with a graft — but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the lesion was a non-ruptured aneurysm, nor that the technique was interposition graft replacement specifically.
424865006 (Respiratory therapy education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptJT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept encompasses education, guidance, and counseling combined, whereas JT2.PP.ZZ covers only counselling. ICHI has separate codes for education and advising, but no single code bundles all three; JT2.PP.ZZ is the closest assignable code.
386043001 (Respiratory tract evaluation)maps to wider conceptJZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)"Respiratory tract evaluation" refers to assessment of the anatomical respiratory tract; JZZ.AA.ZZ sits under the unspecified respiratory system target and covers assessment broadly, making it the closest anatomical match but wider in scope.
410305008 (Rest/sleep education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptVEC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours)VEC.PP.ZZ is the only ICHI code that explicitly covers both rest and sleep together. It is wider because the SNOMED concept specifies a combined education + guidance + counseling intervention whereas VEC.PP.ZZ covers only counselling.
229551003 (Resting splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)"Resting splinting" is the application of a static splint to maintain a limb or joint at rest. PZX.LC.AH is the only available body-site-unspecified splint/cast code; it is wider because it encompasses both casts and splints across any site and does not distinguish a resting splint from other splint types.
1236933006 (Restoration of deciduous tooth using Hall technique with prefabricated stainless steel dental crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the most appropriate ICHI code, but it covers any tooth restoration without distinguishing deciduous dentition, the Hall technique, or prefabricated stainless steel crowns. The SNOMED concept is highly specific (technique + material + tooth type), making the ICHI code significantly wider.
234792000 (Restoration of fractured tooth with tooth fragment)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI category for tooth restoration and covers the general concept, but it does not capture the specific technique of reattaching or bonding the patient's own tooth fragment to restore the fracture.
450573002 (Restoration of part of tooth using filling)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC represents tooth restoration in general, with index terms indicating inclusion of filling-type restorations, but it does not distinguish partial (filling-based) from full-coverage restorations, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
104901000220107 (Restoration of tooth using ceramic onlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)No ICHI code exists for onlay or ceramic-specific restorations; KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable restoration-of-tooth category and subsumes all material and coverage variants.
1256011002 (Restoration of tooth using ceramic overlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for overlay or ceramic-material restorations; KAE.MK.AC is the single assignable tooth restoration category that encompasses all coverage types and materials.
104881000220105 (Restoration of tooth using composite resin onlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Although ICHI includes "Composite resin restoration" as an index term under KAE.MK.AC, it is not a separately assignable code, and the onlay design is not distinguished; KAE.MK.AC is broader than this material- and form-specific SNOMED concept.
1255251001 (Restoration of tooth using metal dental crown with ceramic coating)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing the type of crown or material; ICHI does not have an assignable code specific to metal-ceramic (porcelain-fused-to-metal) crowns.
104891000220108 (Restoration of tooth using metal onlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A metal onlay is a partial-coverage indirect restoration; ICHI has no assignable code distinguishing onlays from other restorations, so KAE.MK.AC is the closest available code but broader in scope.
1256039001 (Restoration of tooth using metal overlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A metal overlay is an indirect restoration with greater cuspal coverage than an onlay; ICHI does not differentiate between overlay, onlay, inlay, or crown restorations at the assignable code level.
1297219006 (Restoration of tooth with full coverage noble metal crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A noble metal (gold-alloy) full-coverage crown is a specific type of crown restoration; ICHI has no assignable category distinguishing crown type or metal alloy.
1256042007 (Restoration of tooth with full cuspal coverage using dental filling material)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Full cuspal coverage with filling material is a specific restorative technique not distinguished in ICHI at the assignable-code level; KAE.MK.AC encompasses all tooth restorations.
1343336002 (Restoration of tooth with resin and base metal crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for tooth restoration; ICHI has a "Metallic crown" extension qualifier but no standalone code for a resin-and-base-metal crown specifically, making the base code broader than this SNOMED concept.
1297214001 (Restoration of tooth with resin and noble metal crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Metallic crown" extension qualifier under KAE.MK.AC does not distinguish noble from base metal alloys, and no standalone ICHI code captures this specificity; the base restoration code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
46305007 (Restoration, composite resin crown, anterior, primary)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI provides extension qualifiers for "Composite resin restoration" and "Nonmetallic crown" under KAE.MK.AC, but no assignable code encodes anterior location, primary (deciduous) dentition, or the combination of resin crown; the only assignable code is the generic tooth restoration code.
69864007 (Restoration, gold foil)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no extension qualifier or category code for gold foil restoration specifically; gold foil is a direct-placement restorative technique with no ICHI equivalent, so the generic tooth restoration code is the closest available match and is substantially broader.
62786001 (Restoration, inlay, composite/resin)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has a "Composite resin restoration" extension qualifier under KAE.MK.AC but no inlay-specific category code; inlay restorations are not distinguished from direct restorations in ICHI, so the generic tooth restoration code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
4511000 (Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, one surface, laboratory processed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count, or fabrication method (laboratory processed). The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions.
25025000 (Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, three surfaces, laboratory processed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count (three surfaces), or fabrication method. The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions.
25290007 (Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, two surfaces, laboratory processed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count (two surfaces), or fabrication method. The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions.
45330002 (Restoration, inlay, metallic)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material (metallic) or restoration subtype (inlay). ICHI has no assignable code for metallic restorations — material-specific entries are extension qualifier values without axis codes.
57673005 (Restoration, inlay, metallic, one surface)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material (metallic), restoration subtype (inlay), or surface count (one surface). No more specific assignable ICHI code exists for metallic inlay restorations.
8086004 (Restoration, inlay, metallic, three surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's single "Restoration of tooth" code covers all restorative procedures regardless of material or number of surfaces; it does not distinguish metallic inlays or surface count, making it broader than this three-surface metallic inlay concept.
24475000 (Restoration, inlay, metallic, two surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no code that captures the combination of inlay type, metallic material, and two-surface scope; the only available assignable restoration code is the generic "Restoration of tooth."
83376002 (Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI does not differentiate by restorative material (porcelain/ceramic vs. metal vs. composite); "Restoration of tooth" is the single assignable code that encompasses all indirect inlay restorations regardless of material.
73752001 (Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, one surface)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI captures no distinction for a one-surface porcelain/ceramic inlay; "Restoration of tooth" is the only assignable code that applies to any restorative procedure.
32555004 (Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, three surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI does not differentiate three-surface porcelain/ceramic inlays from any other restoration type; "Restoration of tooth" is the appropriate, though broader, assignable code.
9300006 (Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for inlay restorations using porcelain/ceramic material across two surfaces — the material type, restoration form, and surface count are not encoded; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
386412000 (Resuscitation of neonate)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation broadly; neonatal resuscitation encompasses airway management, temperature regulation, and stimulation in addition to cardiac components, and ICHI lacks a dedicated neonatal resuscitation code, making the ICHI code broader.
430701006 (Resuscitation using intravenous fluid)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)ICHI's only resuscitation-specific category is HT2.MC.AH, which does not capture the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept — the use of intravenous fluid as the resuscitation modality; the ICHI code misses the IV fluid specificity entirely.
39410008 (Resuture of cardiac septum prosthesis)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for resuturing a cardiac septum prosthesis; septal repair codes address closure of native septal defects rather than revision of an existing prosthetic patch, so the residual category is the best available match.
285416007 (Resuture of episiotomy)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code and covers the anatomical site and general surgical intent, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates revision closure of a previously made episiotomy incision.
112817008 (Resuture of heart valve prosthesis, poppet)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for resuturing or revising a heart valve prosthesis component (poppet); valve-specific codes address native valve repair rather than prosthesis revision, so the residual category best captures the surgical repair intent while remaining substantially broader.
29629000 (Resuture of wound dehiscence)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Resuture of wound dehiscence is specifically the re-closure of a previously sutured wound that has broken down, whereas LZZ.MK.AA covers any repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue without body-site or clinical-context specificity. No ICHI code captures dehiscence or secondary suturing as a distinct concept.
314133005 (Resuturing of trabeculectomy)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)Resuturing of a trabeculectomy involves repair of the conjunctival flap overlying the scleral flap of the filtering bleb; ICHI has no trabeculectomy-specific revision code, and BBA.MK.AA is the closest assignable code for conjunctival surgical repair but covers all conjunctival repairs.
703983008 (Retinopexy using diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Retinopexy is semantically a retinal repair procedure, and BCC.MK.AA captures the retinal repair concept well. ICHI does not distinguish the means of retinopexy (diathermy vs laser vs cryotherapy), making the code wider than the SNOMED concept.
236245000 (Retropubic urethrolysis)maps to wider conceptNAM.FC.AA (Release of urethra)Retropubic urethrolysis is the surgical release of periurethral adhesions via a retropubic (open) approach, corresponding closely to NAM.FC.AA. ICHI does not encode the specific retropubic approach qualifier, making the code slightly wider, but the core semantic content is well captured.
307043008 (Retry-in denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for a retry-in (trial seating and adjustment) of a denture; KAE.SM.AC covers handling of dental prosthetic appliances but is broader than the specific act of re-trialling a denture for fit and occlusion.
175881006 (Revascularization for impotence)maps to wider conceptNGM.LI.AA (Revascularisation of penis)NGM.LI.AA directly captures penile revascularisation as the operative procedure; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the indication (erectile dysfunction/impotence) — the ICHI code applies to any revascularisation of the penis regardless of purpose.
444909009 (Reverse isolation nursing in positive pressure environment)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)PZB.VE.ZZ captures generic isolation for infection control, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a reverse (protective) isolation in a positive-pressure environment — a directional subtype to protect immunocompromised patients. No ICHI code distinguishes protective from containment isolation.
423413008 (Reverse trendelenburg positioning)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)PZA.LD.ZZ covers whole-body positioning generally, encompassing reverse Trendelenburg (head-up, feet-down body tilt). ICHI has no specific code for Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg, making this the closest assignable category but substantially broader.
719571004 (Review of major housing adaptation)maps to wider conceptUEE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of housing services, systems and policies)UEE.AA.ZZ represents assessment within the domain of housing services, systems, and policies, which is the closest ICHI concept. The SNOMED concept is narrower — concerning review of a specific individual housing modification — whereas the ICHI code broadly covers assessment of housing services at a systems/policy level.
719567002 (Review of new housing development)maps to wider conceptUEE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of housing services, systems and policies)UEE.AA.ZZ is the best available match within the ICHI block for interventions on housing services, systems, and policies. The SNOMED concept refers to a specific review act, while the ICHI code spans all assessment activity across housing services and policies.
179884006 (Revision arthroscopic allograft ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)ICHI's arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments is the closest available concept, but it does not capture the revision context or the specific use of an allograft (cadaveric) graft for ligament replacement; ICHI has no graft-type distinction at the code level.
179887004 (Revision arthroscopic autograft ligament augmentation)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Autograft ligament augmentation (supplementing an intact ligament with harvested tissue) is best approximated by arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments, but ICHI does not distinguish augmentation from full replacement, autograft from other graft types, or revision from primary procedures.
179883000 (Revision arthroscopic autograft ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments is the best ICHI match for autograft ligament replacement, but ICHI does not encode the revision context or the autograft-specific graft source, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
179880002 (Revision arthroscopic ligament repair)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee)Arthroscopic repair of knee ligaments directly corresponds to the core procedure (suture/re-approximation of the native ligament), but ICHI does not capture the revision (redo) nature of the operation, making the code semantically broader.
179886008 (Revision arthroscopic prosthetic ligament augmentation)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Use of a synthetic prosthetic device to augment a knee ligament arthroscopically is best mapped to arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments, but ICHI does not distinguish prosthetic augmentation from biological graft reconstruction, nor does it encode the revision context.
179882005 (Revision arthroscopic prosthetic ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic approach and ligament reconstruction at the knee, but does not encode the prosthetic (synthetic) graft material, the revision setting, or the specific ligament involved. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction regardless of graft type or whether it is a primary or revision procedure.
179881003 (Revision arthroscopic reattachment of ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee)ICHI has no arthroscopic reattachment code specifically for knee ligament (reattachment codes exist only for shoulder, elbow, and wrist), so MML.MK.AB (arthroscopic repair) is the closest available category; it does not distinguish reattachment from other repair types, nor does it encode the revision context.
179889001 (Revision arthroscopic xenograft ligament augmentation)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction, but the xenograft material and revision/augmentation-only nature of the procedure are not encoded at the category level; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all arthroscopic knee ligament reconstructions regardless of graft source or surgical intent.
179885007 (Revision arthroscopic xenograft ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AB matches on the arthroscopic approach and reconstruction of knee ligament, but does not encode the xenograft source, the replacement (versus augmentation) intent, or the revision context; the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
179767005 (Revision autograft augmentation extra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA is the best available match for open reconstruction of knee ligament using a graft, but it does not encode the autograft source, the extra-articular specificity of the ligament involved, the augmentation-only nature of the procedure, or the revision context.
311489005 (Revision closed reduction of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of any vertebra not elsewhere classified, which aligns with the unspecified spinal level in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to fracture context and does not capture the revision (repeat procedure) nature of the intervention.
273996005 (Revision excision thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic discectomy (excision of thoracic intervertebral disc) but does not capture the "revision" nature of the procedure; ICHI can express revision via the extension code XG3J07, but as a base code MBH.JJ.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo operation.
179795005 (Revision extra-articular allograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA is the closest available code for ligament reconstruction/augmentation at the knee, but it does not capture the revision context, the extra-articular approach, nor the allograft graft material, making it substantially broader than this highly specified SNOMED concept.
179774000 (Revision extra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA covers knee ligament reconstruction but omits the revision nature, extra-articular technique, and autograft graft source that specifically define this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader across all three dimensions.
179794009 (Revision extra-articular prosthetic augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA represents the generic knee ligament reconstruction procedure and does not distinguish prosthetic augmentation, extra-articular approach, or the revision context, all of which are explicit in the SNOMED concept.
179796006 (Revision extra-articular xenograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for knee ligament reconstruction, but it does not encode the revision status, extra-articular technique, or xenograft graft type that distinguish this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code substantially broader.
173742004 (Revision gastroduodenal anastomosis)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)KBF.LB.AA covers gastric anastomosis broadly, which includes the gastroduodenal (stomach-to-duodenum) connection that is the subject of revision; ICHI is wider because it does not specify the duodenum as the anastomotic partner nor distinguish a revision from a primary procedure.
307192000 (Revision gastropexy)maps to wider conceptKBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy)KBF.LC.AA directly encodes gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach), which is the core procedure being revised; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish a revision gastropexy from a primary one, but the anatomical target and procedure type match precisely.
418153001 (Revision of anastomosis between lacrimal drainage system and nose)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the creation of an anastomosis between the lacrimal sac and the nasal cavity; ICHI does not have a distinct revision DCR code, so the primary DCR code is the best match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers both primary and revision procedures under the same term.
172295005 (Revision of anastomosis between lacrimal gland and nose)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)This SNOMED concept refers to revision of a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy-type connection between the lacrimal gland (rather than the lacrimal sac) and the nose; ICHI does not distinguish this anatomical variant or revisions thereof, making the general DCR code the best available approximation.
64492005 (Revision of anastomosis of biliary tract)maps to wider conceptKCM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bile ducts)ICHI's "Reconstruction of bile ducts" captures revision/re-doing of a prior biliary anastomosis as the closest available concept, but the SNOMED term specifies the broader biliary tract (including gallbladder and hepatic ducts) whereas KCM.ML.AA targets the bile duct specifically, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in target but the nearest match for the procedural intent.
443407008 (Revision of anastomosis of intestine)maps to wider conceptKZZ.MK.AA (Repair of intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific "revision of intestinal anastomosis" code; KZZ.MK.AA (Repair of intestine, NEC) best reflects the corrective/revision intent of the procedure rather than a primary anastomosis creation. The code is broader because it covers any intestinal repair, not exclusively anastomotic revision.
405351003 (Revision of anastomosis of lower limb vascular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI lacks a code specific to revision of a vascular prosthetic anastomosis in the lower limb; IFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb) is the closest available, covering reconstructive work on the lower limb arterial system including graft/prosthesis anastomotic revision, but is broader in scope.
174726003 (Revision of anastomosis of pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptKCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct)KCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct) is the best available ICHI code for surgical revision of a pancreatic duct anastomosis (e.g., pancreaticojejunostomy revision), though it is broader as it covers any reconstructive intervention on the pancreatic duct rather than revision of a specific anastomosis.
173749008 (Revision of anastomosis of stomach to transposed jejunum)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)No ICHI code exists for revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis (e.g., Roux-en-Y or gastrojejunostomy revision); KBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach) is the closest available, encompassing reconstructive gastric procedures, but is broader as it does not specify the jejunal limb or anastomotic revision nature of the procedure.
405355007 (Revision of anastomosis of upper limb vascular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)Parallel to concept 405351003, ICHI has no code specific to vascular prosthetic anastomosis revision in the upper limb; ICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb) is the best available match, covering reconstructive arterial procedures in the upper limb but broader than the specific prosthesis anastomosis revision described.
280470006 (Revision of ankle arthroplasty)maps to wider conceptMNJ.KA.AA (Replacement of ankle joint device)ICHI codes "replacement of ankle joint device" under the KA (replacement/exchange of device) action, which broadly covers revision arthroplasty scenarios where the implant is exchanged or revised; however, it does not explicitly restrict to revision of a prior arthroplasty, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
450437007 (Revision of anterior excision of lumbar disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)Anterior excision of the lumbar disc (ALIF discectomy) maps to lumbar discectomy in ICHI; ICHI has no revision-specific discectomy code, so the base procedure code is used. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the revision (repeat/corrective) nature of the procedure nor the anterior approach specifically.
736702002 (Revision of biventricular permanent pacemaker lead using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI is broader — it covers all percutaneous management of any pacemaker or defibrillator system, while the SNOMED concept is specific to revision of a biventricular (CRT) lead using fluoroscopic guidance; the percutaneous transluminal approach in HFC.SN.AF aligns with the fluoroscopic/transvenous route but loses the biventricular CRT and revision-of-lead specificity.
49877008 (Revision of bone flap of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)ICHI is broader — cranial osteoplasty encompasses any reconstructive or corrective procedure on the skull, which includes revision of a bone flap, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a revision/repositioning of an existing craniotomy bone flap rather than general skull reconstruction.
175036008 (Revision of bypass for coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of bypass" code; HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generally within the coronary artery target block. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the revision/redo nature of the procedure.
737011002 (Revision of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AF matches the cardiac conduction system target, the percutaneous/transluminal approach (consistent with fluoroscopic guidance), and the replacement/revision action. It is wider because it covers the full pacemaker/defibrillator system and does not distinguish biventricular CRT-D lead-specific revision.
704115002 (Revision of cardiac pacemaker electrode using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AF covers percutaneous revision/replacement of the pacemaker or defibrillator system with a means axis matching the transluminal/fluoroscopic approach. It is wider because ICHI does not isolate lead/electrode-only revision separately from the full device system.
179405004 (Revision of cemented unicompartmental prosthetic replacement of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA directly represents replacement/revision of a knee joint device via open approach, semantically aligning with prosthetic revision. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish unicompartmental from total knee prosthesis or cemented versus cementless fixation.
1332084009 (Revision of cerebral ventriculopleural shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)AAE.SN.AA covers management/revision of an internal device in the brain ventricles, which best captures shunt revision as opposed to initial shunt creation (AAE.LI.AA). It is wider because ICHI does not specify the pleural distal terminus of the shunt nor the revision intent explicitly.
176553004 (Revision of circumcision)maps to wider conceptNGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis)ICHI has no specific code for circumcision or revision of circumcision; "Repair of penis" is the closest available code on the correct anatomical target but is broader than the specific concept of surgically revising a prior circumcision.
450788009 (Revision of closed reduction of dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction of a joint (dislocation) at an unspecified site but has no "revision" qualifier to denote that this is a repeat procedure correcting a previous failed reduction; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
450817003 (Revision of closed reduction of fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI encodes the closed reduction of a fracture at an unspecified bony site but does not have a concept for "revision" (repeat/corrective) of such a procedure, making this a wider match that omits the revision qualifier.
174841008 (Revision of closure of defect of atrioventricular septum)maps to wider conceptHFB.MK.AA (Repair of atrioventricular septal defect)ICHI's code covers repair of an atrioventricular septal defect on the correct anatomical target, but it does not distinguish a primary repair from a revision (re-operation) of a prior closure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
174848002 (Revision of closure of defect of interatrial septum)maps to wider conceptHAD.MK.AA (Repair of interatrial communication)HAD.MK.AA covers repair of interatrial (atrial septal) communication, which is the procedure being revised, but ICHI does not distinguish between primary repair and revision/re-repair, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
174854001 (Revision of closure of defect of interventricular septum)maps to wider conceptHBD.MK.AA (Repair of ventricular septal defect)HBD.MK.AA covers repair of ventricular septal defect, which is the procedure being revised, but ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-operation subtype, so this code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
304586009 (Revision of colonic pouch)maps to wider conceptKBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon)ICHI has no specific code for colonic pouch revision or reconstruction; KBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon) is the closest available category but is considerably broader, covering any colonic repair rather than specifically a pouch revision.
175041000 (Revision of connection of thoracic artery to coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)The SNOMED concept is specifically a revision of a prior thoracic artery-to-coronary artery anastomosis (i.e., a redo operation), while HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generically without distinguishing revision/redo procedures or the specific use of the thoracic (internal mammary) artery as the conduit. ICHI has no dedicated "revision of coronary bypass" code, making this the closest available match but broader.
236206005 (Revision of continent urinary reservoir)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)A continent urinary reservoir (e.g., Indiana pouch, Koch pouch) is a surgically created internal urinary diversion; its revision involves reconstructive work that most closely aligns with NAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder), though ICHI has no specific code for continent urinary reservoir or its revision. The ICHI code is broader as it covers bladder reconstruction generally and does not capture the "revision" or "continent reservoir" specificity.
175214003 (Revision of correction of patent ductus arteriosus)maps to wider conceptHIJ.LA.AA (Occlusion of ductus arteriosus)Patent ductus arteriosus correction most commonly involves occlusion/closure of the duct, and HIJ.LA.AA is the most relevant ICHI code within the dedicated ductus arteriosus block; however, ICHI does not have a specific "revision of" PDA correction code, so this match is broader since it covers the primary procedure but not the redo/revision context.
174818000 (Revision of correction of tetralogy of Fallot)maps to wider conceptHZB.ML.AA (Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot)HZB.ML.AA is the only ICHI code specifically for tetralogy of Fallot and captures the core surgical intervention; the SNOMED concept is narrower as it refers specifically to a redo/revision of a prior repair, which ICHI does not distinguish from an initial repair.
198177001 (Revision of current traumatic amputation of finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JN.AA is the most anatomically specific ICHI code for finger amputation; however, the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the surgical revision (e.g., formal completion or stump refinement) of a traumatic amputation, a clinical distinction that ICHI does not encode — making the ICHI code broader in scope.
26447000 (Revision of cutaneous ureteroileostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter)A cutaneous ureteroileostomy (Bricker-type ileal conduit or cutaneous ureterostomy via ileal segment) is a urinary diversion; its revision involves reconstruction of the ureteral anastomosis/stoma. NAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not capture the ileal segment component or the cutaneous stoma aspect of the original procedure.
609319000 (Revision of dacryocystorhinostomy)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)ICHI has a dedicated dacryocystorhinostomy code (BAD.LI.AA) but no specific "revision of" variant. The revision concept — re-operating on a previously created DCR to restore patency — is clinically distinct from a primary DCR, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
412766004 (Revision of dacryocystorhinostomy and insertion of tube)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)As with the revision-only DCR concept, ICHI's BAD.LI.AA is the best available code; the added specificity of tube insertion (e.g., silicone stent or Jones tube) during the revision is not captured by any lacrimal ICHI code, making this a broader match.
442572005 (Revision of decompression of carpal tunnel)maps to wider conceptMFL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of wrist)Carpal tunnel decompression/release is achieved by dividing the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) at the wrist; MFL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of wrist) is the most precise available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any wrist ligament/fascia release and does not encode the revision nature of the SNOMED concept.
609205003 (Revision of decompression of posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)Decompression of the posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord (as in Chiari malformation surgery) involves releasing the spinal cord and/or brainstem by craniectomy and/or duraplasty; ABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord) captures the primary operative intent. The ICHI code is broader as it does not reflect the posterior fossa/cranial component, the revision context, or the combined skull and spinal cord targeting.
442575007 (Revision of decompression of tarsal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Tarsal tunnel decompression is a release of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle, which maps conceptually to release of a peripheral nerve; ICHI has no foot-specific nerve release code, so this general peripheral nerve release code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the tarsal tunnel site and that it is a revision procedure.
707278005 (Revision of digital fasciectomy)maps to wider conceptMOL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe)Digital fasciectomy (excision of digital fascia, as in Dupuytren or plantar digital contracture surgery) maps best to excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; ICHI does not distinguish finger from toe in a separate hand digit code that matches cleanly, and the revision context is not captured, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
78353005 (Revision of distal catheter in shunt system)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)Revision of the distal catheter in a ventriculoperitoneal or similar shunt system is a management/adjustment of an internal brain ventricular device; ICHI has no code specific to the distal (peritoneal) limb revision, so this management-of-device code is the closest available match, but is broader as it covers any internal ventricular device management rather than the distal catheter specifically.
235167004 (Revision of esophageal anastomosis)maps to wider conceptKBA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of oesophagus)ICHI has "Anastomosis of oesophagus" (KBA.LB.AA) but no dedicated revision/redo code — ICHI does not distinguish between a primary anastomosis and a revision of that anastomosis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a revisional procedure.
386698007 (Revision of esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)ICHI has "Oesophagostomy" (KBA.LI.AA) covering creation of an oesophageal stoma, but no specific revision code; "Replacement of oesophagostomy tube" (KBA.KA.AC) covers only tube exchange, so the best fit for revising the stoma itself is the general oesophagostomy code, which is broader than the SNOMED revision concept.
450790005 (Revision of excision of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AA (Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.JJ.AA is the NEC category for excision of intervertebral disc at unspecified site, which covers the procedure type but does not differentiate a revision/repeat discectomy from a primary one, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
23084000 (Revision of exenteration of cavity of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.JK.AC (Exenteration of orbit)ICHI's BAM.JK.AC encodes exenteration of the orbit but does not distinguish a revision/redo procedure from the primary exenteration, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a revisional exenteration.
55615009 (Revision of extraocular muscle surgery)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)BDA.MK.AA covers repair of extraocular muscle, which is the closest ICHI concept to revision of extraocular muscle surgery. ICHI does not have a dedicated "revision" code for extraocular muscle procedures, and "repair" is broader as it encompasses initial and revision procedures on this structure.
22278001 (Revision of fenestration operation)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)A fenestration operation targets the inner ear (specifically the semicircular canal) for treatment of otosclerosis, and CCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no specific "revision of fenestration" code, and CCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft) describes the primary procedure rather than its revision, making CCA.MK.AA a broader but more appropriate match for a revisional procedure on the inner ear.
90854001 (Revision of filtering bleb)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)A filtering bleb is a subconjunctival drainage bubble created by glaucoma filtration surgery (trabeculectomy); revision of a filtering bleb is performed on the conjunctival tissue overlying the drainage site, making BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) the closest anatomical match. ICHI has no dedicated bleb or trabeculectomy code, so this is a broader mapping.
277860006 (Revision of first stage urethroplasty)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Urethroplasty is urethral reconstruction, and a revision of a first-stage urethroplasty is most semantically aligned with NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra); ICHI does not distinguish staged or revision procedures, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
173705006 (Revision of fundoplication of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)Fundoplication wraps the gastric fundus around the esophagus to treat reflux, and its revision is a stomach/gastroesophageal intervention; KBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach) is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader as ICHI has no fundoplication-specific or revision-specific code and does not capture the esophageal wrapping component of the procedure.
39136009 (Revision of gastrojejunostomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)ICHI has no code specific to gastrojejunostomy revision; KBF.LB.AA (gastric anastomosis) is the closest applicable code and covers the stomach anastomosis component, but it is broader as it does not specify revision of a prior anastomosis nor the jejunal target specifically.
442912006 (Revision of gastroplasty)maps to wider conceptKBF.LL.AA (Gastroplasty)ICHI codes gastroplasty as a primary procedure (KBF.LL.AA) with no distinct revision variant; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes revision (re-operation on a prior gastroplasty), making the ICHI code broader in that it covers both primary and revision procedures under the same code.
405447001 (Revision of Gritti-Stokes amputation)maps to wider conceptMLB.JN.AA (Above knee amputation)The Gritti-Stokes amputation is a supracondylar/transcondylar amputation of the femur (classified as above-knee level), and MLB.JN.AA is the closest ICHI code; however, ICHI does not distinguish the Gritti-Stokes technique specifically, nor does it have a code for revision of a prior amputation stump, so the match is inexact and broader.
405450003 (Revision of hindquarter amputation)maps to wider conceptMKJ.JN.AA (Abdominopelvic amputation)Hindquarter amputation (forequarter of the lower limb — pelvis, hip, and leg) is anatomically equivalent to abdominopelvic amputation, which is the ICHI term for this procedure. However, "revision of" implies a redo or corrective procedure, whereas ICHI codes for the primary amputation only, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's revision-specific meaning.
280460009 (Revision of hip arthroplasty)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)Revision hip arthroplasty involves removing and replacing a previously implanted hip prosthesis, which aligns most closely with "replacement of hip joint device" in ICHI. The ICHI code does not capture the "revision" (re-do) context, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
236290009 (Revision of hypospadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Hypospadias repair involves urethral reconstruction, and revision of it is best captured by NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra), the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code does not encode the hypospadias-specific indication, the penile anatomy, or the revision/redo nature of the procedure, making it broader.
428205007 (Revision of insertion of spacer into lumbar interspinous process)maps to wider conceptMBM.KA.AA (Replacement of device of lumbar spine)Revision of a lumbar interspinous spacer is semantically a replacement/revision of a spinal device at the lumbar level, which MBM.KA.AA directly encodes. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any lumbar spinal device (not specifically an interspinous process spacer) and does not specify the reason for revision (e.g., displacement, wear).
736700005 (Revision of internal cardiac defibrillator lead using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no lead-specific code; HFC.KA.AF is the best available match, capturing both the defibrillator context and the percutaneous/transluminal approach (consistent with fluoroscopic guidance). The ICHI code is wider because it refers to the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than specifically the lead component being revised.
609135002 (Revision of internal fixation of patella)maps to wider conceptMMP.DN.AA (Implantation of device into patella)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of internal fixation" concept; MMP.DN.AA (implantation of device into patella) covers the internal fixation action at the correct anatomical target but is broader because it encompasses primary implantation and does not encode the revision (re-do) nature of the SNOMED concept.
609140005 (Revision of internal fixation of pelvic bone)maps to wider conceptMKB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into pelvis)MKB.DN.AA captures internal device implantation at the pelvic bone — the correct anatomical target — but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish a revision procedure from a primary internal fixation of the pelvis.
609146004 (Revision of internal fixation of phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger)ICHI groups phalanx procedures under "bone of hand or finger" (MGB), and MGB.DN.AA is the nearest match for internal fixation of a phalanx; however it is broader both because it does not specify revision and because the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (hand or foot phalanx), while ICHI's MGB covers only hand/finger — a foot phalanx would require a different block.
609126009 (Revision of internal fixation of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of forearm)MFB covers both forearm bones (radius and ulna) without a radius-specific code, so MFB.DN.AA is the best available match for internal fixation of the radius; it is broader because ICHI does not encode the revision character nor distinguish radius-only from forearm-in-general.
609128005 (Revision of internal fixation of radius and ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of forearm)MFB.DN.AA is an equally applicable match here as for radius alone, since ICHI's forearm bone block (MFB) covers both radius and ulna without separate codes; the mapping is wider because ICHI does not encode the bilateral bone involvement or revision nature as distinct from a primary procedure.
609147008 (Revision of internal fixation of vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.KA.AA (Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI "replacement of spinal device" (action KA = replacement) is the closest structural match to revising internal fixation hardware in a vertebra, but the ICHI code covers any spinal level and any spinal device, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies internal fixation specifically.
173595004 (Revision of interposition anastomosis of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of oesophagus)ICHI has a single code for oesophageal anastomosis (KBA.LB.AA) with no distinction between primary anastomosis and revision/redo of an interposition anastomosis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; there is no ICHI code specifically encoding "revision" or "interposition" anastomosis of the oesophagus.
9257004 (Revision of intracranial neurostimulator receiver)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)AAA.KA.AA (replacement/revision of an intracranial device, target = brain, action = replacement KA, means = open AA) is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any intracranial device rather than specifically a neurostimulator receiver, and ICHI does not distinguish between types of intracranial implants at this level of granularity.
236277002 (Revision of male epispadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Epispadias repair involves urethral reconstruction, and NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra, open) is the closest ICHI code; however it is broader because it does not specify epispadias, male sex, or that this is a revision/redo of a prior repair, and ICHI has no epispadias-specific or redo-surgery distinction in the urethral block.
412709009 (Revision of metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty)maps to wider conceptMGJ.KA.AA (Replacement of finger or hand joint device)This code captures replacement (i.e., revision) of a joint implant at the finger or hand joint level, which encompasses the metacarpophalangeal joint; however, MGJ covers all finger and hand joints rather than the MCP joint specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
230873003 (Revision of more than one component of ventricular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)"Management of internal device" is the closest ICHI code for a multi-component shunt revision, covering the overall handling/adjustment of the ventricular shunt system; it does not capture the specificity of revising more than one component, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
172668007 (Revision of myringoplasty)maps to wider conceptCBB.MK.AC (Myringoplasty)ICHI has no "revision of myringoplasty" code; the base myringoplasty code is the best available match since a revision is functionally a redo of the same procedure, but the code is wider as it does not distinguish initial from revision surgery.
10359005 (Revision of obstructed valve in CSF shunt system)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)Revising an obstructed CSF shunt valve involves replacing or refunctioning the ventricular device component, which is what AAE.KA.AA captures. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any ventricular device replacement, not specifically the shunt valve component, and does not encode the "obstruction" context.
231556003 (Revision of orbital floor implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)Revision of an orbital floor implant — repositioning, adjusting, or replacing the floor implant — falls within orbital repair, but BAM.MK.AA is broader as it covers any orbit repair and does not specify implant work or the floor specifically; no dedicated orbital implant revision code exists in ICHI.
178050002 (Revision of palmar fasciectomy)maps to wider conceptMGL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)A revision palmar fasciectomy re-excises residual or recurrent palmar (Dupuytren's) fascia, which maps to excision of fascia of the hand; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish revision from primary fasciectomy and encompasses all hand/finger fascia rather than specifically palmar fascia.
705041003 (Revision of percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the percutaneous destruction approach to an unspecified intervertebral disc, which is the closest functional equivalent to radiofrequency thermocoagulation — a modality of thermal destruction. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radiofrequency/thermal means, does not distinguish the revision nature of the procedure, and uses an unspecified-site disc target rather than specifying the spinal level.
428627009 (Revision of percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of thoracic intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has a thoracic-level block (MBH) but no percutaneous destruction category within it, making MBV.GA.AE (unspecified site) the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader as it subsumes any percutaneous destructive modality, omits the radiofrequency probe specification, does not encode the thoracic site precisely, and does not distinguish revision from initial procedure.
443647008 (Revision of percutaneous transluminal coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)Coil embolization of a cerebral aneurysm is canonically classified under endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery in ICHI, and IAA.LA.AF is the best available match for this endovascular approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the coil device, fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, the aneurysm-specific target (versus the artery generally), or the revision nature of the procedure.
55317005 (Revision of peripheral neurostimulator receiver)maps to wider conceptACA.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device)Revision of a peripheral neurostimulator receiver involves replacing or adjusting an implanted peripheral nerve device, which aligns most closely with ACA.KA.AE — percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the neurostimulator receiver sub-type and does not distinguish a pure revision (e.g., repositioning or adjustment without full replacement) from replacement.
50449007 (Revision of peritoneal-venous shunt)maps to wider conceptKMA.LI.AA (Creation of peritoneovascular shunt)KMA.LI.AA is the only ICHI code representing a peritoneal-to-vascular (peritoneovascular) shunt, which corresponds to the peritoneal-venous shunt anatomical construct. The ICHI code is broader because it encodes only initial creation of the shunt and does not capture the revision nature of the SNOMED concept, nor does it specify the venous (versus other vascular) destination.
178052005 (Revision of plantar fasciectomy)maps to wider conceptMOL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe)ICHI captures excision of fascia in the foot/toe region, which corresponds to fasciectomy of the plantar fascia, but it does not distinguish plantar fascia specifically from other foot ligaments/fascia, and ICHI has no action code for "revision" of a prior procedure — both dimensions are collapsed into the broader excision code.
174959007 (Revision of plastic repair of valve of heart)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI organises heart valve interventions by specific valve (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, truncal), so no single assignable category code covers an unspecified "valve of heart"; the block BlockL4-HDE is the best organisational match, and "plastic repair = reconstruction/repair" maps within this hierarchy, but the block is broader than the specific SNOMED concept and revision is not encoded.
429388004 (Revision of posterior interbody fusion of joint of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)ICHI codes lumbar spine fusion without distinguishing the approach (posterior interbody) or the fact that this is a revision procedure, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the posterior interbody technique and the revision context.
173232000 (Revision of primary closure of cleft lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)ICHI "Repair of lip" captures the general action of surgically repairing the lip, but does not encode the cleft-specific etiology, the fact that the prior operation was a primary closure, or the revision nature of the procedure — all of which make the ICHI code considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
175930000 (Revision of pyeloplasty)maps to wider conceptNAB.MK.AA (Pyeloplasty)ICHI's NAB.MK.AA (Pyeloplasty) covers the procedure at the renal pelvis/pyeloureteral junction without distinguishing primary from revision surgery, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo procedure.
47202004 (Revision of pyloroplasty)maps to wider conceptKBF.LG.AA (Pyloroplasty)ICHI's KBF.LG.AA (Pyloroplasty) covers pyloric reconstruction/widening without distinguishing revision from primary surgery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo pyloroplasty.
175729002 (Revision of reconstruction of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the target (artery, NEC) and action (reconstruction/ML) but does not encode the "revision of" (re-do) qualifier that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a primary reconstruction; the ICHI code therefore covers a broader set of procedures than the SNOMED concept.
28512001 (Revision of reconstruction of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)ICHI encodes the target (breast) and action (reconstruction/ML) accurately, but the "revision of" (re-do) qualifier in the SNOMED concept is absent from ICHI, making the ICHI code broader as it encompasses both primary and revision breast reconstructions.
171862008 (Revision of release of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI precisely identifies the target (peripheral nerve) and action (release/FC), matching the core procedure, but does not distinguish a revision (re-do) from a primary release, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
236217006 (Revision of repair of exstrophy of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)Repair of bladder exstrophy is inherently a reconstructive procedure, and NAI.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code covering bladder reconstruction; however, ICHI does not have a specific exstrophy code nor does it distinguish revision from primary surgery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
200925005 (Revision of repair of mallet finger)maps to wider conceptMGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger)Mallet finger is a distal extensor tendon injury of the finger, so MGT.MK.AA captures the anatomical target and action; ICHI does not distinguish a mallet finger repair from other finger tendon repairs, nor does it represent the revision (re-operation) aspect, making the code broader.
234912006 (Revision of repair of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.MK.AC is the best available ICHI code for a repair procedure involving the mouth/oral cavity; ICHI does not encode the concept of a revision (re-do) procedure, nor does it specify which structure within the oral cavity is involved, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429598009 (Revision of repair of rotator cuff)maps to wider conceptMDT.MK.AA (Rotator cuff repair)MDT.MK.AA precisely targets the rotator cuff with a repair action, making it the best anatomical match; ICHI does not differentiate between a primary repair and a revision repair, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a re-operation.
1255901003 (Revision of repair of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)MRT.MK.AA captures tendon repair at an unspecified site, which aligns with this SNOMED concept's lack of site specificity; ICHI does not encode the revision (re-do) qualifier, making the code broader, though it is the best available match across all tendon repair codes in ICHI.
302405008 (Revision of skin flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "skin flap revision" code; LZZ.MK.AA is the closest available category, covering open repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, but it is broader — it does not specify that the repair involves a previously constructed flap.
15372008 (Revision of skin graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains codes for initial skin grafting (LAA.ML.AA, LZZ.ML.AA, etc.) but no code specifically for revision of an existing graft; LZZ.MK.AA (repair of skin NEC) is the best available approximation, though it does not convey the graft-revision concept.
231505007 (Revision of skin pocket for pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no code specifically for revising the subcutaneous pocket created for a pacemaker generator; HFC.SN.AA (management of pacemaker or defibrillator system) is the closest match within the conducting-system block, but it is broader, covering any management activity on the whole pacemaker system rather than just the generator pocket.
20458002 (Revision of spinal salpingothecal shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)A salpingothecal (fallopian tube–to–thecal sac) shunt is a rare CSF diversion variant; ICHI has ABG.LI.AA for spinal shunt placement but no revision-specific code, making ABG.SN.AE (management of internal device of spinal canal) the best available code — it is broader, covering any management of a spinal canal device rather than revision of this specific shunt type.
231055008 (Revision of spinal subarachnoid shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ICHI has no specific code for revision of a spinal subarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal) is the closest available code, covering management/adjustment of an implanted spinal canal device, but it is broader than the specific act of revising a subarachnoid shunt.
361152000 (Revision of stoma of large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon)ICHI does not have a dedicated "stoma revision" code for the large intestine; KBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon) is the best surgical match as it covers corrective surgical work on the colon, but it is broader and not limited to stoma revision specifically.
174595005 (Revision of stoma of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a dedicated small intestine stoma revision code; KBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified) is the closest surgical equivalent, covering corrective repair of the small intestine but not restricted to stoma revision.
392168001 (Revision of stoma of trachea)maps to wider conceptPTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy)PTC.SN.AC sits within the dedicated ICHI artificial body structure block for tracheostomy and covers management/maintenance of an established tracheostomy, which encompasses revision procedures, but is broader than the specific act of surgically revising a tracheostomy stoma.
387706003 (Revision of stoma of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)ICHI has no specific code for revision or reconstruction of a urinary bladder stoma (e.g., cystostomy revision). "Repair of bladder" (NAI.MK.AA) is the closest available code, but it is broader — encompassing bladder repair generally rather than specifically the revision of a stoma opening.
18884000 (Revision of tack operation of inner ear)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)The "tack operation" of the inner ear (a procedure to stabilize a perilymph fistula or round window membrane) and its revision have no dedicated ICHI code. "Repair of inner ear" (CCA.MK.AA) is the best available match, but it is broader, covering inner ear repair generally without capturing the specific tack/revision nature.
1222612005 (Revision of total replacement of hip joint using mesh)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement/revision of a hip joint device (the closest ICHI concept for a revision hip arthroplasty), but it does not specify total replacement or the use of mesh augmentation, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
450816007 (Revision of transplantation of heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.KD.AA (Heart transplantation)ICHI does not distinguish between an initial heart transplant and a re-transplantation/revision of a prior transplant; HZZ.KD.AA is the only available heart transplantation code and is broader as it does not specify the revision/re-transplant context.
405417003 (Revision of transtarsal amputation)maps to wider conceptMOB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of foot or toe)Transtarsal amputation is a mid-foot amputation through the tarsal bones (Chopart level), which falls under foot bone amputation in ICHI. ICHI has no specific transtarsal/Chopart code, and the "revision" qualifier (re-operation on the stump) is also not represented, making the ICHI code broader in both specificity of level and procedure intent.
405446005 (Revision of transtibial amputation)maps to wider conceptMNB.JN.AA (Below knee amputation)Transtibial amputation is synonymous with below-knee amputation, so the anatomical target maps precisely to MNB.JN.AA. However, the SNOMED concept specifies a revision (re-operation on a prior amputation stump) which is not captured in the ICHI code, making ICHI wider in that respect.
236252003 (Revision of transurethral prostatectomy)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)ICHI has a precise code for transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy matching the anatomical procedure, but no concept for revision (re-operation after a prior TURP). The ICHI code therefore covers the procedure type but is broader as it does not capture the revision context.
172698000 (Revision of tympanoplasty)maps to wider conceptCBB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tympanic membrane)Tympanoplasty is reconstruction of the tympanic membrane, and CBB.ML.AC is the ICHI equivalent. The SNOMED concept specifies a revision (re-operation on a prior tympanoplasty), which is not encoded in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
176027001 (Revision of ureteric anastomosis)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)ICHI has a direct code for ureteric anastomosis matching the core procedure, but does not distinguish a revision (re-do of a prior anastomosis) from a primary anastomosis. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
18995005 (Revision of ureterointestinal anastomosis)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)ICHI captures the core procedure — anastomosis of the ureter — but does not distinguish a revision from a primary anastomosis, and does not specify the intestinal (enteric) target of the connection. NAE.LB.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept on both those dimensions.
236207001 (Revision of ureterosigmoidostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AA (Anastomosis of ureter)Ureterosigmoidostomy is a specific ureter-to-sigmoid anastomosis; ICHI encodes the anastomosis of ureter generically without specifying the sigmoid target or that this is a revision rather than an initial procedure, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
265558000 (Revision of urostomy stoma)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated urostomy stoma revision code; PTD.SN.AC covers management/revision of stomas generically across all types, so it is broader than the urinary-specific, revision-specific SNOMED concept.
179801001 (Revision open intra-articular allograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments by open approach and is the closest ICHI code to an intra-articular allograft augmentation of a knee ligament, but it does not specify allograft source, the intra-articular nature of the augmentation, or that this is a revision of a prior procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
179800000 (Revision open intra-articular prosthetic augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)ICHI's reconstruction of ligaments of knee is the closest available code for a prosthetic augmentation of the intra-articular (cruciate) ligament, but it does not capture the prosthetic means, the augmentation-only nature (as opposed to full replacement), or the revision context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
179802008 (Revision open intra-articular xenograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Xenograft augmentation of the intra-articular cruciate ligament maps best to reconstruction of ligaments of knee, but ICHI does not distinguish the xenograft means, the augmentation-versus-replacement distinction, or the revision setting, so the ICHI code is broader.
179748006 (Revision open prosthetic replacement intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Prosthetic replacement of the intra-articular ligament is semantically closest to reconstruction of ligaments of knee in ICHI, but ICHI does not encode the prosthetic means or the revision (re-do) context, making the ICHI code broader.
179772001 (Revision open reattachment intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)Reattachment of a ligament is a form of repair; the ICHI knee ligament block has no dedicated reattachment code (unlike shoulder, elbow, and wrist blocks), so repair of ligaments of knee is the closest available code, though it does not capture the reattachment technique or the revision context.
311491002 (Revision open reduction of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)Open reduction of vertebra NEC is the best available ICHI match for an open reduction of an unspecified-level spinal fracture, but ICHI does not encode the revision (re-do) context and the NEC qualifier reflects additional broadening beyond the SNOMED concept.
179816003 (Revision open repair intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)ICHI does not have a generic "intra-articular ligament" code independent of body site; MML.MK.AA (repair of ligaments of knee) is the closest available code covering open ligament repair, but it is anatomically specific to the knee and does not capture "revision" as a qualifier. The ICHI code is broader because it lacks the revision and intra-articular specificity.
232161006 (Revision pinnaplasty)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)Pinnaplasty (surgical correction of prominent ears, also called otoplasty) involves reshaping/reconstruction of the auricle, which aligns with CAC.ML.AA; however, ICHI has no dedicated "pinnaplasty" or "otoplasty" code and does not capture the "revision" (re-do) qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
180075009 (Revision release ulna- correction for congenital deformity of forearm)maps to wider conceptMFB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of forearm)Osteotomy of bone of forearm is the standard ICHI code for surgical correction of forearm bony deformity; ICHI has no ulna-specific code, no congenital-deformity qualifier, and no revision-specific category, making the code broader than this SNOMED concept.
72767005 (Revision rhinoplasty)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)Reconstruction of nose is the closest ICHI code for rhinoplasty (surgical reshaping/reconstruction of the nose); however the ICHI code does not distinguish between primary and revision rhinoplasty, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
178697002 (Revision to cast stabilization of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the core action of applying an external immobilisation device to the spine (cast/brace being a subtype of this), but the code is broader: it does not encode the "revision" nature of the procedure, does not specify the fracture indication, and does not distinguish cast from other immobilisation device types.
179669000 (Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction component of the procedure on an unspecified joint (dislocation implies a joint), but loses the "revision" context, the combined application of external fixation, and any site specificity — making the ICHI code substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
179666007 (Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no representation of skin traction as a distinct modality for joints, and the classification cannot encode the combined procedure or the revision context; only the core closed reduction of an unspecified joint is captured, making the match a wide approximation.
179178005 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction of an unspecified bone (the fracture component), but cannot represent the combined cast immobilisation, the fracture-specific indication, or the revision (repeat) nature of the procedure, so the ICHI code is considerably broader.
179149009 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures only the closed reduction of an unspecified bone and lacks any means to encode the combined external fixation component, the fracture indication, or the revision/corrective context of the SNOMED concept.
178698007 (Revision to external fixation stabilization of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the spine (unspecified level), which aligns well with "external fixation stabilization of spinal fracture"; ICHI is wider because it does not capture the "revision" nature of the procedure nor the fracture indication, but the core intervention — applying an external immobilisation device to the spine — is semantically congruent.
179137008 (Revision to external fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture)maps to wider conceptMLB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to femur)MLB.LC.AH directly describes application of an external immobilisation device to the femur, matching the "external fixation without reduction of proximal femoral fracture" intervention; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the "revision" qualifier, the "without reduction" specification, or the proximal (trochanteric/neck) sub-site of the femur.
179100002 (Revision to internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur)MLB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous implantation of a device (screw/nail/intramedullary nail) into the femur, which best represents the intramedullary fixation component; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the "revision" qualifier, the "without reduction" aspect, the proximal femur sub-site, or the specific device type (intramedullary nail with screw).
179102005 (Revision to internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)This SNOMED concept describes a revision of hardware implanted in the proximal femur (screw/nail and plate) without any fracture reduction, and MLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur) is the closest ICHI code capturing device insertion into the femoral bone. ICHI does not have a distinct "revision of internal fixation" or "without reduction" qualifier, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
179066008 (Revision to open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the femur which is the primary operative component of this SNOMED concept; the intramedullary device implantation and the "revision" nature of the procedure are not represented in a single ICHI code. ICHI is broader, lacking specificity for the intramedullary device type, the revision context, and the proximal (femoral neck/trochanteric) location.
179067004 (Revision to open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur which is the dominant surgical element; the plate-and-screw fixation hardware specificity and the revision character of the procedure are not separately encoded in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader, not distinguishing plate from intramedullary devices or revision from primary procedures.
179672007 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AA is the best available match for the open reduction of a joint dislocation component; the cast immobilisation aspect would additionally map to MLJ.LC.AH but ICHI provides no single code combining both elements, and neither code reflects the revision nature of the procedure. The mapping is wider as the SNOMED concept is more specific (revision, plus cast immobilisation as a combined procedure).
179676005 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and fixation by wire)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the hip joint dislocation, which is the primary surgical action; however, ICHI has no code for wire fixation of a joint, no combined "reduction + wire fixation" code, and no revision qualifier. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the wire fixation means and the revision context of the SNOMED concept.
179673002 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site but does not encode the "revision" nature of the procedure (expressible only as an extension code XG3J07) or the adjunct functional bracing component. The ICHI code is therefore broader, omitting both the corrective/revision context and the post-reduction bracing.
179069001 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site but cannot encode the "revision" nature of the procedure or the adjunct cast immobilisation in a single code; both the corrective intent and the cast application are lost without extension coding.
179074009 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The open reduction of bone at an unspecified site maps the core surgical action, but the "revision" qualifier and the external fixation component (separately representable as MRB.LC.AE — percutaneous application of external immobilisation device) are not captured within a single ICHI code.
179082009 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with cerclage wiring)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no code for open reduction combined specifically with cerclage wire internal fixation; the core open reduction of bone at an unspecified site is the closest match, but the revision nature, the internal fixation, and the specific cerclage technique are all absent from this ICHI code.
179085006 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with multiple implant types)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no code encompassing open reduction combined with multi-implant internal fixation; the best available code covers only the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site, leaving the revision context, internal fixation, and multi-implant specificity unmapped.
179084005 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with plate)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures only the open reduction component at an unspecified bone site, without encoding the plate fixation device, the revision/redo nature of the procedure, or the fracture indication. The SNOMED concept is significantly more specific on all three dimensions.
179083004 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with screw(s))maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no code that captures screw fixation, the revision context, or the fracture indication simultaneously; open reduction of bone (unspecified) is the closest available single code but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
179087003 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not distinguish intramedullary nail fixation as a specific combination with open reduction, nor does it capture the revision nature of the procedure; the open reduction NEC code covers the dominant surgical step but omits the intramedullary device and revision context.
301052006 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint at unspecified site; ICHI does not distinguish fracture-dislocation from simple dislocation in this axis, and does not encode the revision nature of the procedure, making the mapping broader than the SNOMED concept.
179690008 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The primary procedural component (revision to open reduction of fracture-dislocation) maps to MRJ.LD.AA; ICHI has no distinct skin traction code for a non-spinal general site, so the skin traction component cannot be represented, making the ICHI mapping broader and incomplete relative to the full SNOMED concept.
301055008 (Revision to open reduction of traumatic dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site. ICHI does not differentiate traumatic versus non-traumatic etiology for dislocation reductions and does not encode the revision nature, so the mapping is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.
178745004 (Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with internal fixator)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LD.AA represents open reduction of an unspecified vertebral level; the internal fixation with internal fixator component (corresponding to MBZ.DN.AA) is not captured in a single code, and ICHI does not distinguish fixator type or encode the revision context, making the mapping broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
178742001 (Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with plate)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LD.AA covers open spinal reduction at unspecified level; the plate-specific internal fixation detail has no ICHI equivalent distinguishing plate from other fixation devices, and the revision aspect is not encoded, so ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept.
178743006 (Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with rod system)maps to wider conceptMBZ.KA.AA (Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.KA.AA captures the revision/replacement of previously placed spinal fixation hardware at an unspecified vertebral level, which is the dominant clinical act in this procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fracture reduction component, does not specify the hardware type (rod system), and does not distinguish the specific spinal region.
178744000 (Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with segmental wire system)maps to wider conceptMBZ.KA.AA (Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified)The revision of spinal fixation hardware is the primary clinical act, and MBZ.KA.AA is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the segmental wire instrument specificity or the concurrent fracture reduction.
178741008 (Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with wire)maps to wider conceptMBZ.KA.AA (Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.KA.AA is the best available match for revising/replacing spinal fixation hardware. The ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the wire instrument type, the open reduction of the fracture, or the vertebral region.
178572005 (Revisional anterolateral biopsy of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.AD.AA (Biopsy of thoracic intervertebral disc)ICHI captures the core procedure (biopsy) and exact anatomical target (thoracic intervertebral disc), but does not encode the anterolateral surgical approach or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
441715004 (Revisional fusion of joint of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LE.AA covers spinal fusion without specifying a vertebral region, matching the unspecified spinal location of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the revisional character of the procedure. The code is broader in that it subsumes all spinal fusion types not classified elsewhere.
178631003 (Revisional lumbar discectomy)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AA is a direct title match for lumbar discectomy in the correct anatomical region; the only missing dimension is the revisional (redo-surgery) qualifier, which ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
178567001 (Revisional operations on thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MBG (Interventions on thoracic vertebral column)This SNOMED concept is intentionally broad (any redo operation on the thoracic spine) and no single assignable ICHI category code covers this scope; the block BlockL5-MBG represents the full set of interventions on the thoracic vertebral column and is the most appropriate representation, though it is non-assignable and does not capture the revisional qualifier.
441907007 (Revisional repair of multiple tears of rotator cuff of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDT.MK.AA (Rotator cuff repair)MDT.MK.AA covers rotator cuff repair in general but does not capture the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure nor the specificity of multiple tears; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept.
169679002 (Rhesus screening - cord blood sample)maps to wider conceptNMM.JH.AF (Procurement of cord blood)NMM.JH.AF covers the physical procurement of cord blood, which matches the specimen collection aspect of this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode the Rhesus (Rh) screening purpose; it is broader in that it describes any cord blood procurement regardless of indication.
401216000 (Right brachial Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptICA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of upper limb)ICA.BA.BJ represents ultrasound imaging of the upper limb artery, which is the closest ICHI code to a brachial Doppler pressure measurement; however, it is broader because it covers any upper limb artery ultrasound rather than specifically a Doppler pressure assessment of the brachial artery, and does not capture the pressure measurement (haemodynamic) nature of the procedure.
401218004 (Right dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)Dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure measurement uses a handheld Doppler (ultrasound) probe to measure systolic pressure at a specific foot artery, a functional subset of ultrasound imaging of a lower limb artery; ICHI has no code specific to segmental Doppler pressure measurement at the dorsalis pedis, so the lower limb artery ultrasound code is the best available match but broader.
401220001 (Right posterior tibial Doppler pressure)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)Posterior tibial Doppler pressure is the same procedure class as dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure — a segmental systolic pressure measurement at a specific named vessel using a Doppler probe. ICHI captures the modality (ultrasound) and target (lower limb artery) but is broader, not encoding laterality, specific vessel, or the pressure-measurement purpose.
173666004 (Rigid esophagoscopy and balloon dilation)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (rigid esophagoscopy with balloon dilation), and the therapeutic component — endoscopic dilation of the oesophagus — maps well to KBA.LG.AD. This ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the balloon technique (vs. bougie or other dilators) and does not encode the rigid scope modality.
225338004 (Risk assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specifically for risk assessment as a standalone clinical activity. The closest available code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers broad whole-person health evaluation — a wider concept that subsumes risk assessment but is not limited to it.
1237579002 (Robot assisted excision of spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total splenectomy)ICHI does not have a dedicated robotic-surgery means code; robot-assisted procedures are conventionally mapped to the laparoscopic/thoracoscopic means (AB), making DJA.JK.AB the closest structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all laparoscopic total splenectomies regardless of whether a robotic platform is used.
708913004 (Robot assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection)maps to wider conceptKBW.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total excision of rectum)Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a total excision of the rectum and anus performed via a combined abdominal and perineal approach; KBW.JK.AB is the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the robotic platform, the abdominoperineal approach, or the associated perineal dissection/closure that characterise an APR.
708920006 (Robot assisted laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial excision of rectum)Anterior resection of the rectum is a partial (sphincter-preserving) laparoscopic resection of the rectum, which maps well to KBW.JJ.AB. However, the ICHI code does not capture the robot-assisted technique or the specific "anterior resection" configuration, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
708876004 (Robot assisted laparoscopic appendectomy)maps to wider conceptKBO.JK.AB (Laparoscopic appendicectomy)KBO.JK.AB precisely captures laparoscopic total excision (appendicectomy) of the appendix, matching the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify robot-assisted technique; robot-assisted laparoscopic is a more specific form of laparoscopic surgery.
1137453008 (Robot assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy)maps to wider conceptKCF.JK.AB (Laparoscopic cholecystectomy)KCF.JK.AB is the standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy code and matches the procedure precisely. It is broader than the SNOMED concept only in that it does not distinguish robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique.
708927009 (Robot assisted laparoscopic excision of diverticulum of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.JI.AB (Laparoscopic local excision of lesion of bladder)NAI.JI.AB covers laparoscopic local excision of a lesion of the bladder, which encompasses diverticulum excision as a specific type of bladder lesion removal. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lesion type as a diverticulum or the robot-assisted modality.
708642005 (Robot assisted laparoscopic fixation of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.LC.AB (Laparoscopic rectopexy)KBW.LC.AB captures the laparoscopic rectopexy procedure but does not distinguish robotic assistance from standard laparoscopic technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted.
708888002 (Robot assisted laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection)maps to wider conceptDFF.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node)DFF.JK.AB covers laparoscopic total excision of abdominal/pelvic lymph nodes, which encompasses para-aortic nodes but is broader in anatomical scope and does not specify robotic assistance; no more specific ICHI code for para-aortic nodes exists.
708929007 (Robot assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy)NAA.JJ.AB matches the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy procedure precisely except that ICHI does not distinguish robotic-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
712993002 (Robot assisted laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection)maps to wider conceptDFF.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node)DFF.JK.AB is the closest available laparoscopic lymph node excision code for the pelvic region, but it covers the broader abdominal or pelvic region and does not capture robotic assistance; no pelvic-specific or robot-specific code exists in ICHI.
708643000 (Robot assisted laparoscopic proximal subtotal gastrectomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy)KBF.JJ.AB covers laparoscopic partial (subtotal) gastrectomy but does not differentiate proximal from distal resection or robotic from standard laparoscopic approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
708918008 (Robot assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty)maps to wider conceptNAB.MK.AB (Laparoscopic pyeloplasty)ICHI has a laparoscopic pyeloplasty code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robotic approach is a more specific means that can be expressed via an extension code, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept.
708928004 (Robot assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy)maps to wider conceptNAI.JL.AB (Laparoscopic radical cystectomy)ICHI has a laparoscopic radical cystectomy code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robot-assisted specificity is not captured in the base code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
708919000 (Robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy)maps to wider conceptNGA.JL.AB (Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy)ICHI has a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robotic means distinction present in the SNOMED concept is not encoded in the base ICHI code, making it broader.
708986002 (Robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AB (Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation)Sacrocolpopexy is a specific technique of laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension to the sacrum using mesh, which falls within the broader ICHI category of laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation; the ICHI code does not specify the sacral fixation technique or robotic approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
708889005 (Robot assisted laparoscopic segmentectomy of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy)A hepatic segmentectomy is a specific anatomical form of partial hepatectomy; ICHI's laparoscopic partial hepatectomy is broader as it covers all partial liver resections without distinguishing segmental anatomy, and the robotic approach is also not captured in the base code.
708877008 (Robot assisted laparoscopic total hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy)ICHI captures the laparoscopic total hysterectomy procedure but does not distinguish robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
712994008 (Robot assisted laparoscopic uretero-ureterostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.LB.AB (Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter)ICHI captures laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis but does not specify ureter-to-ureter (as opposed to other anastomosis configurations) nor the robot-assisted approach, making the ICHI code broader.
1204240001 (Robot assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty with oral mucosal graft)maps to wider conceptNAE.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of ureter)ICHI captures laparoscopic reconstruction (plasty) of the ureter but does not specify the use of an oral mucosal graft as the reconstructive material, nor the robot-assisted technique, so the ICHI code is broader.
708985003 (Robot assisted laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AI (Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy)ICHI captures the laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy approach but does not differentiate robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic assistance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
708818009 (Robot assisted laparoscopic wedge resection of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JI.AB (Laparoscopic local excision of lesion or tissue of liver)Wedge resection is a non-anatomic local excision of liver tissue, best captured by the laparoscopic local excision code; ICHI does not distinguish the wedge shape of the resection nor the robot-assisted approach, so the code is broader.
1260434005 (Robot assisted total gastrectomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.JK.AA (Total gastrectomy)KBF.JK.AA covers total gastrectomy by open approach; the ICHI code does not encode the robotic means (no dedicated robotic means code exists), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted technique.
1220649006 (Robot assisted transoral partial excision of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.JJ.AC (Partial glossectomy)KAB.JJ.AC captures the partial tongue excision (partial glossectomy) accurately, but neither the transoral approach nor the robotic technique is encoded in this ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1148704007 (Robot-assisted vasovasostomy)maps to wider conceptNGD.LB.AA (Vasovasostomy)NGD.LB.AA is an exact match for the procedure (anastomosis/reversal of the vas deferens), but the robotic-assisted technique is not captured in the means axis (AA = open), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1260291002 (Robotic assisted central pancreatectomy)maps to wider conceptKCO.JJ.AA (Partial excision of pancreas)Central pancreatectomy (excision of the body of the pancreas) is a type of partial excision of the pancreas, which KCO.JJ.AA captures; however, the code is broader as it does not specify the central/body segment and does not encode the robotic technique.
1230404006 (Robotic assisted closure of atrial septal defect)maps to wider conceptHAD.ML.AA (Closure of interatrial communication with patch or device)HAD.ML.AA is the best ICHI match for ASD closure using a patch or device; the code is broader because it does not distinguish robotic-assisted technique, and "atrial septal defect" maps well to "interatrial communication" in ICHI terminology.
1187086002 (Robotic assisted endoscopic transaxillary esophageal diverticulectomy with myotomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oesophagus)ICHI has no code for diverticulectomy specifically, but a diverticulum is a localised lesion of the oesophagus and its excision maps most precisely to local excision of lesion of oesophagus (KBA.JI.AA). The robotic-assisted transaxillary approach, the endoscopic means, and the accompanying myotomy are not captured.
1255940008 (Robotic assisted hepatojejunostomy)maps to wider conceptKCM.LI.AA (Choledochoenterostomy)Hepatojejunostomy (anastomosis of the bile duct/hepatic duct to the jejunum) is a form of choledochoenterostomy, which is the ICHI term for a bile-duct-to-bowel anastomosis. KCM.LI.AA is the closest available match, but it is broader — it does not specify the jejunum as the enteric limb, nor does it capture the robotic-assisted approach.
836437004 (Robotic assisted simple mastectomy of left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)"Simple mastectomy" is synonymous with total mastectomy, making LCA.JK.AA the correct procedural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture laterality (left breast) or the robotic-assisted approach.
836435007 (Robotic assisted simple mastectomy of right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)"Simple mastectomy" is synonymous with total mastectomy, making LCA.JK.AA the correct procedural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture laterality (right breast) or the robotic-assisted approach.
395056003 (Rotavirus screening test)maps to wider conceptXG8EX8 (Rapid immunoassay detecting viral proteins)Rotavirus antigen detection by rapid immunoassay (the standard clinical method for rotavirus screening) falls under XG8EX8, but this code covers any rapid viral-protein immunoassay and is not specific to rotavirus. ICHI lacks a rotavirus-specific code, so this extension code is the best available match, though it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
134435003 (Routine antenatal care)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)Routine antenatal care is a package of ongoing surveillance and monitoring of the pregnant woman; NUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy) captures the dominant clinical activity, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a structured programme of visits including history, examination, and investigations. No single ICHI code represents the full antenatal care bundle.
700410005 (Routine enquiry about domestic abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)A routine enquiry about domestic abuse is a clinical assessment specifically targeting family and partner violence, which maps well to VBB.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all assessment of family/partner violence behaviours (not just a routine enquiry/screening question), but it is the closest available match within the dedicated family and partner violence block.
46660009 (Sacculotomy of inner ear)maps to wider conceptCCA.FA.AC (Incision of inner ear)Sacculotomy is a specific surgical incision of the saccule (a structure within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear) used to treat Meniere's disease; CCA.FA.AC covers any incision of the inner ear without distinguishing the specific sub-structure targeted, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
409059003 (Safety education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VC1 (Interventions on unspecified safety-related behaviours)SNOMED 409059003 specifically covers education, guidance, and counselling combined as a single concept, but no single ICHI category captures all three actions together; individual codes VC1.PM.ZZ (education), VC1.PN.ZZ (advising), and VC1.PP.ZZ (counselling) each cover only one aspect, so the parent block is a wider match that encompasses the full scope.
385869002 (Safety precautions assessment)maps to wider conceptVC1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified)VC1.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for assessing safety-related matters, using the Assessment action (AA) on the safety-related behaviour target (VC1). The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of safety-related behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on assessing whether safety precautions are in place.
168122003 (Sample examination - general)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the specimen collection act without site specification, which aligns with the unspecified/general nature of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI's scope is limited to the collection step whereas the SNOMED term implies the broader examination process. The ICHI code is wider in that it is a residual "not elsewhere classified" category covering any unspecified specimen collection.
405332009 (Sapheno-femoral crossover bypass graft)maps to wider conceptIFD.LI.AA (Bypass of vein of lower limb)ICHI codes bypass procedures at the level of the lower limb vein without distinguishing the saphenous-femoral crossover variant or the use of a graft conduit, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED procedure.
278737008 (Scalp reflecting incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)A scalp reflecting incision is an incision of scalp skin and subcutaneous tissue used to reflect the scalp for skull access; ICHI's closest code covers any unspecified site skin incision and does not capture the head/neck location or the reflecting technique, making it broader.
785906002 (Scalpel bougie cricothyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Cricothyroidotomy is an incision through the cricothyroid membrane (larynx) to establish an emergency airway, which maps best to "Incision of larynx" — but that ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (scalpel-bougie), the emergency context, or that the cricothyroid membrane specifically is the target. No dedicated cricothyroidotomy code exists in ICHI; JAN.FA.AA is the broadest reasonable parent.
23818008 (Scanning or imaging, perfusion study, gaseous)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)A gaseous perfusion (ventilation) study is typically a nuclear medicine lung scan using inhaled radioactive gas (e.g., xenon-133 or krypton-81m); ICHI "Pulmonary scan" (JBF.BA.BE, means = BE = radionuclide) is the closest match but does not distinguish gaseous/inhaled from particulate/IV routes, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
15364006 (Scanning or imaging, perfusion study, particulate)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)A particulate perfusion study is the standard lung perfusion scintigraphy using radiolabelled macroaggregated albumin (IV injection); ICHI "Pulmonary scan" (JBF.BA.BE) covers radionuclide lung imaging but does not differentiate particulate from gaseous routes, so it is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
16646002 (Scarification)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Scarification is the deliberate creation of multiple superficial cuts or scratches in skin (for allergy testing, vaccination, or ritual purposes). ICHI does not have a specific scarification code; the closest structural match is "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC" (LZZ.FA.AA), which is broader since it covers all skin incisions regardless of purpose or technique.
1156892006 (Scheduling of follow up appointment)maps to wider conceptUEP.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specific code for scheduling or follow-up appointments; UEP.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to health services, systems and policies) is the closest available concept, capturing the administrative/planning nature of the act, but is far broader than the specific SNOMED concept of booking a follow-up visit.
415503004 (Scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens) is the closest ICHI code, covering the implantation of an intraocular lens, but it does not capture the specific scleral suture fixation technique used to secure the posterior chamber IOL; ICHI is coarser and encodes the broader procedure without distinguishing fixation method or lens position.
275926002 (Screening - health check)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"General health assessment" is the closest ICHI concept to a screening health check — it covers a broad, undifferentiated assessment of the whole person. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general assessment encounter, not only those performed as population screening.
312852003 (Screening at times of life)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specific to life-stage screening (e.g., neonatal, adolescent, or geriatric screens); "General health assessment" is the best available approximation. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the age/life-stage targeting that distinguishes this SNOMED concept.
444783004 (Screening colonoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)ICHI's single colonoscopy code (KBP.AE.AD) covers all colonoscopies regardless of clinical indication; there is no separate screening-specific colonoscopy code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses diagnostic, surveillance, and therapeutic colonoscopies in addition to screening colonoscopy.
710045002 (Screening for abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)"Screening for abuse" in clinical practice most commonly refers to screening for domestic/interpersonal abuse, which aligns with VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment of family and partner violence behaviours). However, ICHI's VBB is scoped to family and partner violence specifically, while the SNOMED concept "abuse" is broader (it can include child abuse, elder abuse, and other forms); overall the ICHI code is wider in that it covers the full assessment action rather than just the screening act.
710075007 (Screening for child development)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development as a bodily function, which is the closest ICHI concept to screening for child development. The ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses developmental assessment across all ages and also includes growth (physical), not only child development specifically.
312851005 (Screening for disorder)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Screening for disorder" is a highly generic SNOMED concept with no specific anatomical or disorder target, and the closest ICHI match is PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment of the whole person), which similarly represents an unspecified comprehensive assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses assessment beyond disorder screening (e.g., wellness checks).
737839000 (Screening for solvent abuse)maps to wider conceptVAC.AC.ZZ (Test of illicit drug use behaviours)Solvent/inhalant abuse is classified under illicit drug use in behavioural health frameworks, and VAC.AC.ZZ (test of illicit drug use behaviours) is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses testing for any illicit drug use behaviour, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to solvent abuse screening.
24623002 (Screening mammography)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BA (Mammography)LCA.BA.BA covers all mammography imaging of the breast without specifying a screening indication, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes mammography performed for population screening purposes. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing both diagnostic and screening mammography.
710077004 (Screening of infant prior to discharge)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for a newborn or infant pre-discharge screening examination; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest concept as it captures a structured evaluation of the whole person's health status, but it is not specific to infants or to the discharge context.
427765008 (Screening of live kidney donor)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no dedicated code for prospective living organ donor evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available match as it represents a comprehensive health assessment of an individual, though it does not capture the specific transplant-donor screening context.
171229005 (Screening plain X-ray of chest)maps to wider conceptPAE.BA.BA (X-ray of thorax)PAE.BA.BA maps precisely to a plain (non-contrast) X-ray of the thorax, which corresponds to the imaging modality and anatomical site. However, the ICHI code does not encode the screening indication, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a screening purpose.
314233004 (Second stage Dacron mesh keratoprosthesis)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)BBB.DL.AC captures the core act of inserting a corneal implant, which covers the keratoprosthesis procedure, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the Dacron mesh material specificity, the staged nature (second stage), or the specific keratoprosthesis device type.
236276006 (Second stage of two-stage epispadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Epispadias repair is fundamentally a urethral reconstruction, making NAM.ML.AA the best available match, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the epispadias anomaly context, the staged approach, or the associated bladder/penile/pelvic floor components that may be involved.
225703004 (Secondary lens implant)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA accurately describes the core procedure of inserting a prosthetic (intraocular) lens, which is exactly what a secondary lens implant is; the ICHI code is broader only in that it does not encode the "secondary" (delayed/staged) timing distinction.
177227000 (Secondary repair of obstetric laceration)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)ICHI's PAW.MK.AA covers perineal repair broadly but does not specify the obstetric context, the secondary (delayed) timing, or lacerations at other sites such as the vaginal wall or cervix. The SNOMED concept is more specific than this single ICHI code.
177551009 (Secondary suture of skin of head or neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA matches the body site (head or neck skin) and procedure type (repair/suture) precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish secondary (delayed) suturing from primary repair.
30555006 (Selective catheterization of coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.BA.BB (Coronary angiography)ICHI represents coronary artery catheterisation at the level of the diagnostic procedure (coronary angiography), which is the predominant clinical use of selective coronary catheterisation; however, ICHI does not have a standalone code for the catheterisation act itself separate from the imaging purpose, making HIA.BA.BB the closest available code even though selective catheterisation is technically the access step rather than the full imaging procedure.
764677008 (Selective internal radiotherapy of liver using yttrium (90-Y) labeled microspheres)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)ICHI has no specific code for selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT/radioembolisation) with yttrium-90 microspheres; KCA.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver) is the closest match since SIRT is a percutaneous, catheter-delivered destructive intervention targeting liver tumour tissue, but the ICHI code is considerably broader and does not encode the radionuclide/microsphere means.
406181009 (Self-care assistance: IADL)maps to wider conceptSN1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in domestic life, unspecified)IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) encompasses complex home-management tasks such as meal preparation, housework, and shopping, which ICHI maps under "domestic life" (block SN1). SN1.RB.ZZ captures the practical-support-with-assistance character of the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all domestic life without being restricted to the IADL subset specifically.
1344953005 (Self-monitoring of mood using mood diary)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The SNOMED concept describes a specific patient-led self-monitoring activity using a diary to track mood, which maps most closely to assessment of emotional functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of assessment of emotional functions by any actor, not specifically patient self-monitoring of mood via diary.
231085003 (Semi-permanent pressure technique using Magrain balls)maps to wider conceptPZX.SB.AH (Acupressure, not elsewhere classified)Magrain ball application is a form of semi-permanent acupressure (small metal balls taped to acupoints, typically on the ear) — a recognised variant of acupressure technique. ICHI has no code specific to this instrument or to semi-permanent application, so PZX.SB.AH (acupressure NEC) is the best available code, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
231087006 (Semi-permanent pressure technique using mustard seeds)maps to wider conceptPZX.SB.AH (Acupressure, not elsewhere classified)Application of mustard seeds to acupressure points (a traditional variant of semi-permanent acupressure) falls within the acupressure classification in ICHI; no instrument-specific or seed-specific code exists, so PZX.SB.AH is the best fit and is broader than the granular SNOMED concept.
231086002 (Semi-permanent pressure technique using rice)maps to wider conceptPZX.SB.AH (Acupressure, not elsewhere classified)Application of rice grains to acupoints as semi-permanent pressure (a traditional acupressure variant) maps to the acupressure NEC code in ICHI; the absence of an instrument-specific code in ICHI means the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
252161000 (Sensitive pregnancy test)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)A sensitive pregnancy test (e.g., low-threshold urine or serum hCG assay) is a specific diagnostic laboratory procedure to detect pregnancy, whereas NUE.AA.ZZ covers all assessment of pregnancy-related functions more broadly. No more specific ICHI code for pregnancy testing exists; the "sensitive" qualifier (analytical sensitivity) has no ICHI equivalent, making this a wider match.
89521000 (Sensory and motor testing)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has separate codes for sensory function testing and motor/movement testing, but no single code combining both sensory and motor testing as an integrated neurological evaluation. AZZ.AA.ZZ (neurological assessment NEC) is the closest umbrella code, but it is broader than a focused sensory-and-motor test.
226056003 (Sensory stimulation)maps to wider conceptAUE.SC.ZZ (Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions)AUE.SC.ZZ is the most direct ICHI code for sensory stimulation as a therapeutic/rehabilitation intervention. The ICHI code specifies perceptual functions as the target, while the SNOMED concept is broader in not specifying which sensory domain is being stimulated; AUE.SC.ZZ is the best available single match.
288060004 (Separated epiphysis - closed reduction)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has site-specific closed reduction codes but no code explicitly for epiphysis/growth plate reduction. The epiphysis is part of a bone, so MRB.LD.AH (unspecified site) is used when the specific bone is not identified; this is wider because it does not capture the epiphyseal specificity of the SNOMED concept.
61583009 (Sequestrectomy of tarsals or metatarsals)maps to wider conceptMOB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of foot or toe)Sequestrectomy is the surgical removal of necrotic (sequestrated) bone, which is a specific form of bone debridement; MOB.JG.AA covers debridement of any bone of the foot or toe (including tarsals and metatarsals) but is broader because it encompasses all debridement types beyond sequestrum removal.
229547000 (Serial splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers single application of a cast or splint at any unspecified site; serial splinting is a repeated, progressive splinting technique, so the ICHI code captures the core procedure but is broader in that it does not encode the serial/repetitive nature or site specificity.
117261000 (Serum incubation method)maps to wider conceptXG0F85 (Blood cross-matching)The serum incubation method (also called serum-incubation crossmatch) is a specific laboratory technique used in pre-transfusion compatibility testing; XG0F85 Blood cross-matching is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, encompassing all blood cross-matching methods rather than this one particular technique.
715072008 (Sharing of advance care plan with out of hours service)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the most fitting ICHI code, capturing the inter-provider coordination activity involved in sharing an advance care plan with an out-of-hours service; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a discrete document-sharing action directed at a particular service type.
240994004 (Shave debridement of skin wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)Shave debridement is a surface-level, non-incisional technique perfectly captured by the "without incision" means axis, and skin wound is the appropriate target; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any anatomical site rather than being specific to a wound, and does not distinguish the shave technique within the non-incisional means.
448854002 (Shortening of bone of extremity)maps to wider conceptMRB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures of unspecified site)The ICHI code captures limb bone shortening procedures with an unspecified site, which matches the SNOMED concept's intent of shortening a bone of an extremity; the ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to a specific bone or extremity, while site-specific codes are narrower than the SNOMED concept.
105371005 (Single photon emission computed tomography)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)The SNOMED concept is a general procedure type (SPECT as an imaging modality, not tied to a specific body site), while the ICHI code specifies SPECT of the whole body in particular; ICHI does have body-site-specific SPECT codes (e.g., brain, myocardium, lymphatic vessel), so PZA.BA.BF as the "whole body" variant is the broadest available ICHI SPECT code but still narrower than the unqualified SNOMED concept.
709548006 (Single photon emission computed tomography of neck)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no neck-specific SPECT code; the only SPECT code in the nuclear imaging family that matches the modality is the whole-body SPECT code, which is broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the neck region.
713558005 (Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no abdomen-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code captures the modality (SPECT) but loses both the regional specificity (abdomen) and the tracer specificity (gallium-67), making it broader than the SNOMED concept on two axes.
713635004 (Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of pelvis)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no pelvis-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code is the closest available match but is broader in both body region (whole body vs. pelvis) and does not encode the gallium-67 tracer.
713553001 (Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of thorax)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no thorax-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code matches the imaging modality but is broader in anatomical scope (whole body vs. thorax) and does not distinguish the gallium-67 tracer.
713552006 (Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no abdomen-specific or MIBG/iodine-123-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code captures the imaging modality but is broader in anatomical scope and does not encode the I-123 MIBG tracer used for neuroendocrine/pheochromocytoma imaging.
714257005 (Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of pelvis)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no SPECT/CT-specific code, no MIBG-specific code, and no pelvis-region radioisotope scan code. PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan) is the closest available code, but it is broader in both modality (not SPECT/CT hybrid) and anatomical scope (whole body rather than pelvis).
714977007 (Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of thorax)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no MIBG-specific code and no thorax-region radioisotope scan code; JBF.BA.BE (pulmonary scan) refers to a lung ventilation/perfusion scan, not a sympathetic-chain MIBG study of the thorax. PZA.BA.BE is the broadest applicable radioisotope imaging code available.
443235009 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography indium 111 leukocyte study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no indium-111 leukocyte (WBC scan) code, no SPECT/CT hybrid code, and no inflammation-specific nuclear imaging code. The WBC scan is typically a whole-body survey, making PZA.BA.BE the structurally closest match, though it is broader in both modality and specificity.
713561006 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of abdomen using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no octreotide/somatostatin receptor scintigraphy code and no abdomen-specific radioisotope scan code (the PAK abdomen imaging block contains only X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes). PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope imaging intent but is broader in both tracer specificity and anatomical scope.
713560007 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of pelvis using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)No ICHI code exists for octreotide SPECT/CT or for pelvis-region radioisotope scanning. PZA.BA.BE is the closest structurally valid code, encompassing the radioisotope imaging modality at whole-body scope rather than the pelvic region specified in SNOMED.
713559002 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of thorax using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no SPECT/CT code specific to the thorax — the only SPECT category codes in ICHI are for brain, spinal cord, myocardium, lymphatic vessel, and whole body. PZA.BA.BF (whole body SPECT) is the closest structural match, but it is broader than the thorax-limited, octreotide-specific SNOMED concept; the radiolabeled tracer distinction is also not captured.
443276000 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte scan)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for labeled leukocyte (Tc-99m HMPAO) SPECT/CT, and no SPECT code for soft tissue infection or inflammatory imaging exists. PZA.BA.BF (whole body SPECT) is the broadest available structural analogue, but it does not capture the specific tracer, leukocyte labeling method, or diagnostic purpose of this scan.
363064002 (Site specific immune system surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-DAA (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any surgical procedure on an immune system site (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, etc.), and no single assignable ICHI category captures this breadth. The block BlockL3-DAA is the most appropriate organizational level, covering all surgical and other interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, and is wider by design as a grouper rather than a specific code.
363308007 (Site specific lymphatic system surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)This SNOMED concept is a grouper for any surgical procedure on a lymphatic system site (lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct) with no single assignable ICHI category to match it. BlockL4-DFA is the most precise ICHI block scoped specifically to the lymphatic system (within the haematopoietic/lymphatic chapter), making it a wider but structurally appropriate match.
59408004 (Sitting a patient up in a chair)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)SHA.RA.ZZ covers the clinician-performed act of changing a patient's body position, which is the core action in sitting a patient up. ICHI does not have a code specific to the chair-sitting maneuver, so this code is broader, but it is the best available match within the activities and participation (mobility) domain of ICHI.
122472002 (Skeletal fixation procedure)maps to wider conceptMRB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)"Skeletal fixation procedure" in SNOMED is a broad category encompassing internal fixation (plates, screws, nails), external fixation, and other stabilisation methods. MRB.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of bone at an unspecified site, which is the closest non-site-specific ICHI code; it does not capture internal fixation (percutaneous pins use MRB.LC.AE), making it a wider match that covers only part of the SNOMED concept's scope.
252954003 (Skeletal maturity survey)maps to wider conceptMRB.BA.BA (X-ray of bone of unspecified site)Skeletal maturity survey is a specific radiographic assessment of bone age, typically using hand/wrist X-rays interpreted against developmental standards. MRB.BA.BA (X-ray of bone of unspecified site) is the only applicable ICHI code covering plain radiography of bone without specifying site or clinical purpose, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a maturity-assessment intent on multiple skeletal sites.
53309004 (Skin test)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)The SNOMED concept "Skin test" is a broad grouping covering all forms of skin testing (intradermal, patch, scratch, etc.), while ICHI LZZ.AC.AE specifically encodes the intradermal technique. LZZ.AC.AE is the most frequently used form of skin testing (e.g., Mantoux, allergy testing) and is the best representative single code, though it is narrower than the SNOMED concept.
103749000 (Sleep disorder assessment)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)ATK.AC.ZZ captures formal testing of sleep functions (e.g., polysomnography, sleep studies), which is the core clinical activity in a sleep disorder assessment; the SNOMED concept specifically implies a disorder context which ICHI does not encode at this level. ATK.AC.ZZ is preferred because diagnostic testing is the dominant clinical meaning of "sleep disorder assessment."
395069004 (Sleep management)maps to wider conceptATK.ZZ.ZZ (Other interventions on sleep function, not elsewhere classified)"Sleep management" is a broad, umbrella nursing concept covering multiple modalities (education, counselling, practical support, etc.) that ICHI separates into distinct codes; ATK.ZZ.ZZ captures the residual category within the sleep functions block and is therefore broader than any single modality, making it the best available home for this aggregate concept.
107943007 (Small intestine manipulation)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept "small intestine manipulation" is generic and does not specify route or approach, while the ICHI code specifies intra-abdominal manipulation by open approach; the NEC qualifier makes it broadly applicable as the closest available match for unspecified manipulation of small intestine.
72509008 (Smear for cell identification)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)"Smear for cell identification" is a cytological examination technique — the SNOMED concept describes a specimen preparation method (smear) used to identify cells, which maps to the ICHI concept of cytology as a laboratory test. XG4JJ6 is broader in that it covers all cytology methods, not just smear-based preparation.
1290027009 (Smoking cessation consultation)maps to wider conceptVAB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about tobacco use behaviours)A smoking cessation consultation is a structured clinical interaction aimed at helping a patient stop smoking, which aligns most closely with counselling about tobacco use behaviours in ICHI; VAB.PP.ZZ is slightly wider because "counselling" covers a range of tobacco-related goals beyond cessation alone (e.g., reduction, harm minimisation), while the SNOMED concept is specifically cessation-focused.
225323000 (Smoking cessation education)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)Smoking cessation education maps directly to the ICHI action of providing education to influence tobacco use behaviours; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses education about any tobacco use behaviour change, not only cessation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about education to achieve cessation.
786914002 (Snare tip soft coagulation)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)Snare tip soft coagulation is a specific endoscopic electrosurgical soft-coagulation technique applied to residual colonic tissue (e.g., after polypectomy); KBP.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction/coagulation action on the colon but is broader, encompassing any endoscopic destruction modality without distinguishing the snare-tip instrument or current type.
306977006 (Social and personal circumstances education)maps to wider conceptATF.PM.ZZ (Education about global psychosocial functions)This SNOMED concept represents health education whose content is the patient's social and personal circumstances; ATF.PM.ZZ covers education targeting global psychosocial functions (the closest functional domain encompassing both social and personal context), though it is broader and framed around body functions rather than explicitly naming social/personal circumstances as the educational topic.
171000001 (Social counseling)maps to wider conceptSR1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)Social counseling (psychosocial/social work counseling focused on social issues and relationships) maps best to SR1.PP.ZZ, which covers counselling across the full domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships; the ICHI code is wider because it is not limited to social counseling specifically and includes all interpersonal relationship counselling modalities.
228593005 (Social modeling technique)maps to wider conceptVEK.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for social behaviours)Social modeling (Bandura's observational/vicarious learning technique) is a specific behavioral therapy technique applied to social behavior change; ICHI has no code for the technique itself, so VEK.PQ.ZZ — psychotherapy targeting social behaviours — is the best available structural container, but it is substantially broader, covering all psychotherapeutic approaches to social behaviour rather than modeling as a distinct method.
1371267004 (Social service presential interview)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)SNOMED specifies an in-person (presential) social service interview, whereas PZB.AN.ZZ covers an interview targeting the whole person broadly without restricting to social services or the in-person modality. No ICHI code exists that specifically encodes a social-work structured face-to-face interview, making this the closest available match.
315042007 (Social support)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing general social support services, which is the closest operational match to the SNOMED concept of social support as an intervention. The ICHI code sits within the environment chapter (services/systems/policies) and is broader in that it encompasses systemic and population-level provision, not just individual-level support.
363309004 (Soft tissue closure)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)Soft tissue closure (suturing or closing of a soft tissue wound) is most closely represented by MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site), which covers surgical repair at any body location. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses repair techniques beyond closure alone and does not specify site, whereas SNOMED implies a wound-closure procedure.
239625004 (Soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.FC.AA (Release of hip joint)The SNOMED concept refers to a category of soft tissue procedures used in treating congenital/developmental hip dislocation (e.g., adductor tenotomy, psoas release, capsulorrhaphy), and MLJ.FC.AA (release of hip joint) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the dominant surgical intent of releasing periarticular soft tissue constraints around the hip. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the congenital indication or the specific soft tissue structures involved.
239639004 (Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of forefoot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)ICHI does not distinguish forefoot from the broader foot/toe target region, nor does it separate soft tissue release of the forefoot specifically from other foot regions. MOJ.FC.AA captures the joint release component of this procedure but is broader, missing the multi-structure (tendon, capsule, ligament) and sub-regional (forefoot) specificity of the SNOMED concept.
239634009 (Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of hindfoot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)ICHI has no separate hindfoot target subdivision; "joint of foot or toe" is the closest available target for a hindfoot joint release procedure. As with the forefoot concept, the multi-structure soft tissue nature and the hindfoot sub-region are not reflected in ICHI, making this a wider match.
239637002 (Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of midfoot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)ICHI does not subdivide the foot into forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot regions; "joint of foot or toe" is the best available target. The multi-tissue nature of soft tissue release (involving tendons, ligaments, and joint capsule) and the midfoot sub-regional specificity are both broader than what MOJ.FC.AA encodes.
302491007 (Soft tissue release of metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.FC.AA directly encodes release (action FC) of a joint of the foot or toe (target MOJ), which matches the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux in both action and anatomical region. ICHI does not have a sub-code specific to the first MTP joint, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the hallux and the metatarsophalangeal joint level.
239448001 (Soft tissue release of metatarsophalangeal joint of lesser toe)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.FC.AA encodes release of a joint of the foot or toe, which aligns with the action and anatomical region of this SNOMED concept. ICHI does not differentiate the lesser toes' MTP joints individually, so the code is wider — it covers any joint of foot or toe rather than a specific lesser toe MTP joint.
113041004 (Special anatomic pathology procedure or service, explain by report)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 "Histopathology" is the closest ICHI concept, sitting under the Extension Code chapter as an essential laboratory test, and covers the core activity of anatomic pathology examination of tissue. However, it is broader — it does not capture the "special/explain by report" modifier, which denotes an unusual or complex procedure requiring narrative description beyond standard coding.
17636008 (Specimen collection)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)PZX.AH.ZZ is ICHI's residual catch-all for specimen collection from any site, making it broader than the already-generic SNOMED concept; the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level parent that encompasses all site-specific collection types, so this is the best available match even though neither is truly specific.
410312004 (Specimen collection education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ is ICHI's generic counselling code covering any topic, which accommodates the education and guidance dimensions of this SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it does not specify specimen collection as the subject of the counselling encounter.
866036006 (Specimen examination by more than one examiner)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest ICHI concept — it covers laboratory microscopic examination of tissue specimens — but it is broader because it does not specify multi-examiner review, and "specimen examination by more than one examiner" applies to any specimen type (including cytology and haematology slides), not only histopathology. No ICHI code captures the multi-examiner or second-opinion dimension of specimen review.
424308004 (Speech and language therapy education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptJU1.PM.ZZ (Education about voice and speech functions, unspecified)JU1.PM.ZZ covers education about voice and speech functions and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader because it covers only the education component and does not bundle guidance (advising, JU1.PN.ZZ) and counselling (JU1.PP.ZZ) together as the SNOMED concept does; the full SNOMED intent spans three distinct ICHI action codes (PM + PN + PP) under the voice-and-speech block.
252940006 (Spermatozoa cervical mucus interaction test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)ICHI has no specific code for a sperm-cervical mucus penetration/interaction test (a post-coital or in-vitro fertility investigation); NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) is the broadest plausible match, covering fertility function assessments, but is considerably broader than this specific spermatozoa-mucus assay.
439945007 (Spermatozoa identification from tissue specimen from testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.AD.AA (Biopsy of testis)The SNOMED concept specifically describes identification (examination) of spermatozoa from a testicular tissue specimen, typically performed to confirm the presence of sperm in azoospermic patients. ICHI's Biopsy of testis (NGL.AD.AA) captures the tissue collection component but is broader, as it does not specify the analytical purpose of spermatozoa identification.
311479006 (Spinal instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)"Spinal instrumentation" specifically refers to the implantation of internal hardware (screws, rods, plates) to stabilize or correct the spine, which maps best to MBZ.DN.AA. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any device implanted into the spine NEC, not only instrumentation constructs.
265233006 (Spinal nerve root operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABN (Interventions on spinal nerve)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping term for any operative procedure on a spinal nerve root; no single ICHI category code covers this scope, but the block BlockL5-ABN encompasses all interventions on spinal nerve (including division, release, and destruction of spinal nerve root), making it the appropriate wider match.
28369001 (Spinal pleurothecal shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)A pleurothecal shunt connects the pleural cavity to the thecal (intrathecal) space and includes a valve — a highly specific procedure type. ICHI only offers the generic "Spinal shunt" code with no further specificity for destination cavity or valve inclusion, making this a wider match.
35227009 (Spinal salpingothecal shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)A salpingothecal shunt connects the fallopian tube to the thecal space with a valve — an extremely specific and rare procedure. As with the pleurothecal variant, ICHI provides no code at this level of detail, and "Spinal shunt" (ABG.LI.AA) is the only available match, covering all spinal shunt procedures broadly.
385988005 (Spiritual care)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-SXH (Interventions on engaging in religion and spirituality)ICHI's SXH block covers interventions on engaging in religion and spirituality, which is the closest structural equivalent to "spiritual care" as a category. No single ICHI leaf code captures the full breadth of spiritual care as a general concept, so the block is broader than the SNOMED concept.
235514009 (Splanchnic nerve procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ADB (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system)The splanchnic nerves are part of the sympathetic nervous system and ICHI has no splanchnic-specific codes; the sympathetic nervous system block (ADB) is the best available grouping, but it is broader than the splanchnic nerve specifically and includes cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral sympathetic nerves beyond the splanchnic distribution.
119979003 (Spleen destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DJA (Interventions on spleen)ICHI's DJA block covers spleen interventions but contains no destruction/ablation-specific codes — only excision (splenectomy), drainage, biopsy, repair, fixation, and transplantation; the block is therefore used as the best available wider grouping, since no single ICHI category captures tissue destruction of the spleen without excision.
287319003 (Spleen puncture)maps to wider conceptDJA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of spleen)ICHI has no dedicated "spleen puncture" or aspiration code; the closest available code is percutaneous drainage of the spleen (DJA.JB.AE), which covers the percutaneous needle approach but is broader in intent (drainage implies therapeutic fluid removal, while "puncture" can also be purely diagnostic). The full DJA block has no aspiration-only code, making this the best available match.
266689003 (Splint teeth with orthodontic bands)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI does not have a specific code for dental splinting with orthodontic bands; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the closest available code under the tooth (KAE) block, but it is broader, covering any dental device application rather than the specific technique of splinting teeth with orthodontic band material.
281818006 (Stabilization of joint by ligament repair)maps to wider conceptMRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)ICHI lacks a code combining joint stabilization specifically via ligament repair at an unspecified site; MRJ.MK.AA captures the repair-of-joint action at unspecified site but is broader because it encompasses any joint repair mechanism, not exclusively ligament repair.
252160004 (Standard pregnancy test)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)A standard pregnancy test (urine or serum hCG) is a specific form of assessing pregnancy-related functions; NUE.AA.ZZ covers all forms of pregnancy function assessment more broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
310394000 (Stapling of lung laceration)maps to wider conceptJBF.MK.AA (Repair of lung)Stapling of a lung laceration is a specific surgical technique for repairing lung injury, falling within the broader "repair of lung"; ICHI does not distinguish closure method (stapling vs suture) or specifically reference laceration repair.
870257001 (Stereoelectroencephalography)maps to wider conceptAAA.AI.AA (Electroencephalography monitoring via burr holes)SEEG uses stereotactically implanted depth electrodes inserted via burr holes for intracranial EEG recording; AAA.AI.AA covers EEG monitoring via burr holes but does not specify the stereotactic approach or implanted depth electrode nature of SEEG.
1359927009 (Stereotactic imaging guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of breast tissue, but does not specify the microwave modality, stereotactic imaging guidance, or that the target is a neoplasm, making it broader.
312339003 (Stereotactic injection of alcohol to Gasserian ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)Stereotactic alcohol injection to the Gasserian (trigeminal) ganglion is a chemical neurolytic procedure performed percutaneously on a cranial nerve ganglion; AAN.GA.AE is the closest match but is broader, covering any percutaneous cranial nerve destruction without specifying the Gasserian ganglion or alcohol as the means.
258172002 (Stereotactic mammography)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BA (Mammography)LCA.BA.BA represents mammography as a category, which is the imaging modality used in stereotactic mammography; the ICHI code does not encode the stereotactic targeting aspect that defines this more specific technique.
1106021000000101 (Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast, but does not specify the device as a magnetic marker, the stereotactic mammography guidance, or the localisation purpose.
1362091001 (Stereotactically guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of breast tissue, but does not specify the cryoablation means (freezing) or the stereotactic guidance technique.
1357801002 (Stereotactically guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction of breast tissue but does not encode the radiofrequency means or stereotactic guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1230275006 (Stimulation of breathing by rubbing back)maps to wider conceptJTB.ZY.ZY (Other interventions on respiration function, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes a specific physical maneuver (rubbing the back) to stimulate breathing; ICHI has no dedicated code, and the residual category JTB.ZY.ZY covers all other interventions on respiration function, making it broader than this tactile approach.
63319008 (Stimulation of carotid sinus)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)Carotid sinus stimulation (massage) is performed clinically to terminate supraventricular tachycardia via vagal reflex; HFC.SC.AH captures the intended cardiac functional target but is broader as it encompasses all methods of arrhythmia conversion and does not specify the carotid sinus as the anatomical site.
830200001 (Stimulation of cochlear promontory of tympanic cavity)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)Promontory stimulation is a pre-cochlear-implant electrophysiological test applied through the tympanic cavity to assess cochlear nerve viability, aligning with hearing function testing; CTB.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all hearing function tests without specifying the electrical promontory technique.
1155834004 (Stimulation of newborn)maps to wider conceptJTB.ZY.ZY (Other interventions on respiration function, not elsewhere classified)Tactile stimulation of a newborn is performed to initiate spontaneous breathing at birth and is classified functionally as an intervention on respiration; the ICHI code is wider as it is a residual NEC category covering all other respiratory function interventions.
15695009 (Stimulation test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)A stimulation test (e.g., ACTH stimulation, insulin tolerance) is a subtype of provocation/challenge testing; PZA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category capturing whole-body provocation tests not classified elsewhere, broader because it encompasses all provocation tests.
5373003 (Stress breaker)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A stress breaker is a specific prosthodontic connector component fitted into a removable partial denture to reduce mechanical forces on abutment teeth; ICHI has no code specific to this component, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the broadest applicable category.
410102001 (Stress control assessment)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, the closest ICHI concept to a stress control assessment; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all psychosocial function assessment rather than being specific to stress.
315600006 (Stress counseling)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)ATF.PP.ZZ directly represents counselling targeting the psychosocial domain, the best available match for stress counseling; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all global psychosocial functions rather than stress specifically.
229548005 (Stretch splinting)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)Stretch splinting is a specific rehabilitation technique combining sustained stretch with splint application; ICHI only has a generic "application of cast or splint, NEC" code that does not capture the therapeutic stretching component, making it broader.
122546009 (Stretching)maps to wider conceptMRS.PD.ZZ (Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has an explicit "Stretch" action axis value (PD) yielding MRS.PD.ZZ for soft tissue of unspecified site, capturing the generic stretching procedure well; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it explicitly anchors the stretch to a soft-tissue musculoskeletal target.
1371338003 (Stripping of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.JJ.AA (Partial vaginectomy)"Stripping of vagina" refers to surgical removal of the vaginal mucosal lining (a surface denudation procedure), most closely captured by partial vaginectomy in ICHI; ICHI's partial vaginectomy is broader as it covers partial excision of the vaginal wall generally, not specifically mucosal stripping.
65219008 (Subcutaneous implantation of cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AA (Implantation of permanent epicardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AA covers open/surgical implantation of a permanent pacemaker system (the approach under which subcutaneous generator pocket placement occurs) but does not distinguish subcutaneous-only implantation from the full epicardial system.
274066005 (Subcutaneous tissue operation)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified)"Subcutaneous tissue operation" is a broad, non-specific SNOMED category for any procedure on subcutaneous tissue; ICHI's residual code LZZ.ZZ.ZZ captures unspecified interventions on the integumentary system, the closest assignable match though wider as it encompasses the entire integumentary system.
438371007 (Suboccipital craniectomy with cervical laminectomy for decompression of medulla and spinal cord)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)The SNOMED concept is a highly specific combined procedure (foramen magnum decompression for Chiari malformation), while MAA.JJ.AA covers craniectomy generically with no specificity for the suboccipital approach, the cervical laminectomy component, or the decompressive purpose.
12843005 (Subsequent hospital visit by physician)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have encounter or visit codes; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest assignable code capturing the clinical evaluation element of a physician visit, but it is broader and does not encode the inpatient setting, follow-up nature, or provider type.
90552006 (Subtrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)SNOMED specifies subtrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast, whereas MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the internal fixation, cast, or subtrochanteric site specificity.
229126009 (Sucking exercises)maps to wider conceptKTB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercises for ingestion functions)Sucking is a core component of ingestion function and KTB.PG.ZZ covers exercises directed at ingestion functions broadly (sucking, chewing, swallowing); ICHI has no code specific to sucking exercises alone.
1259901008 (Suction assisted lipectomy of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AE (Liposuction of face and neck)LAA.LL.AE covers liposuction of the face and neck combined; the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only while the ICHI code is broader, also including the neck.
1259902001 (Suction assisted lipectomy of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AE (Liposuction of face and neck)LAA.LL.AE covers liposuction of the face and neck combined; the SNOMED concept is restricted to the neck alone while the ICHI code is broader, also including the face.
15039004 (Suction assisted lipectomy of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.LL.AE (Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks)LAB.LL.AE is the only trunk-level liposuction code in ICHI but specifies abdominal region and buttocks rather than the full trunk, making it broader in anatomical scope versus the SNOMED concept covering the entire trunk.
308721008 (Suction clearance of nasal cavity)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific suctioning codes for the nasopharynx and airways NEC but no nasal-cavity-specific code; JZZ.JB.AC is the closest residual airways suctioning code but broader than the SNOMED concept's nasal cavity target.
310604000 (Suction evacuation of retained products of conception)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)NME.JB.AC captures suction curettage of the uterus, the technique used to evacuate retained products of conception, but the ICHI code does not specify this indication, making it broader.
782760006 (Superior capsular augmentation of shoulder joint using graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)ICHI lacks a specific code for superior capsular reconstruction with graft; MDJ.MK.AA encompasses capsular repair procedures of the shoulder joint but is broader, not specifying the superior capsule, augmentation approach, or graft use.
231689005 (Superior oblique Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)Faden is a posterior fixation suture limiting ocular muscle action; BDA.LC.AA captures fixation of ocular muscles but does not specify the superior oblique muscle or the Faden suture technique.
231672002 (Superior rectus Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)Faden is a posterior fixation suture applied here to the superior rectus to restrict its field of action; BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles broadly without specifying the superior rectus or the Faden technique.
733810001 (Support for self-management)maps to wider conceptSM1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with self care, unspecified)ICHI self-care maps closely to self-management; SM1.RB.ZZ denotes providing practical support with self-care, but is slightly broader because ICHI self care covers activities of daily living generally, not condition-specific self-management.
410363004 (Support group case management)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no concept for case management delivered through a support group; UEP.RG.ZZ captures the service delivery aspect but is substantially broader and lacks the group and case-coordination specificity.
410364005 (Support system case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI equivalent to case management but is broader than the SNOMED's narrower framing emphasising the support system dimension.
698506008 (Supportive counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ is the most general counselling code in ICHI, covering whole-person counselling without further specification; broader because ICHI does not distinguish "supportive" counselling as a specific modality.
440079004 (Suppression of lactation using hormone)maps to wider conceptNUH (Lactation)ICHI's lactation block covers assessment, education, advising, and counselling about lactation but none specifically represent pharmacological suppression; NUH is the best available anchor but does not capture the hormonal suppression modality.
274372001 (Surgical biopsy of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AA (Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.AD.AA covers biopsy of lymph node at unspecified sites by any or unspecified approach, whereas the SNOMED specifies the surgical (open) approach. The ICHI NEC code is therefore broader.
274332005 (Surgical biopsy of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.AD.AA (Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.AD.AA is the only ICHI biopsy-of-muscle code and covers an unspecified site and unspecified approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a surgical (open) approach.
307284001 (Surgical electrolysis)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAG (Interventions on skin appendages)Surgical electrolysis is permanent destruction of hair follicles using electrical current, mapping conceptually to skin appendage destruction; ICHI has site-specific codes but no body-site-neutral category, so the block is the best match and is broader.
363316003 (Surgical implantation to lymphatic system)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)ICHI contains no implantation code within the lymphatic system section; the lymphatic system interventions block is the best available match but is substantially broader than surgical implantation specifically.
234853004 (Placement of fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Application of dental device covers the act of placing a device on/to teeth, which encompasses a fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific type of appliance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
234847004 (Placement of orthodontic lingual arch)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A lingual arch is a dental/orthodontic appliance applied to the teeth, making "Application of dental device" the closest available match; ICHI has no specific code for lingual arch placement or orthodontic appliances, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
234846008 (Placement of orthodontic palatal arch)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A palatal arch is a tooth-anchored orthodontic appliance, and "Application of dental device" is the best available ICHI match; ICHI lacks a specific code for palatal arch placement, so the ICHI code is broader.
6506000 (Placing a patient on a bedpan)maps to wider conceptSMD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with toileting)Placing a patient on a bedpan is a specific form of hands-on nursing assistance to enable toileting, which falls within "Practical support with toileting"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any practical assistance with the toileting activity, not just bedpan placement specifically.
1111791000000108 (Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous device insertion into the breast, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the device type (magnetic marker) or the X-ray guidance modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1290956007 (Plain X-ray of gravid uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.BA.BA (X-ray of uterus)NME.BA.BA exactly covers X-ray imaging of the uterus, but does not specify that the uterus is gravid (pregnant), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to an obstetric context.
390810009 (Planned mental health assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, which matches the clinical intent of a mental health assessment; however, ICHI does not represent the "planned" scheduling qualifier present in the SNOMED concept, and the code is unspecified across all mental function domains rather than targeted at a specific mental health evaluation.
1156315004 (Plant fiber modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)UAB.TI.ZZ captures the act of prescribing a specific food/dietary regimen for an individual, which is the closest ICHI representation of prescribing a plant-fiber-modified diet; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the fiber content or modification type.
233592005 (Plasma filtration)maps to wider conceptDIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)Plasma filtration is a specific modality of therapeutic apheresis in which plasma is separated from blood and passed through a filter; DIA.JC.AF covers all therapeutic apheresis techniques and is therefore broader than the specific plasma filtration procedure.
187480008 (Plastic repair of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering soft tissue repair of the lower limb, but it is scoped specifically to skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than the full breadth of "plastic repair" which may include deeper structures (muscle, bone, vessels); no broader single lower-extremity plastic/reconstructive procedure code exists in ICHI.
3918006 (Plastic repair with lengthening)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no concept that combines plastic repair with a lengthening technique in a body-site-unspecified manner; LZZ.MK.AA captures only the repair-of-skin aspect and does not encode the lengthening technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.
58366006 (Plastic repair with radial incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode "radial incision" as a technique modifier for plastic repair; LZZ.MK.AA captures the general repair-of-skin action but omits the defining radial incision means, making it a broader but related match.
16227009 (Plastic repair with shortening)maps to wider conceptLZZ.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Shortening" in a plastic repair context is conceptually a reduction procedure, and LZZ.LL.AA is the closest ICHI code covering tissue reduction without body-site specificity; however it does not encode the combined repair-with-shortening intent, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
441207001 (Position communication aid near subject)maps to wider conceptUAF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with products and technology for communication)Positioning a communication aid near a patient is a specific hands-on practical support action within the broader category of UAF.RB.ZZ, which encompasses all practical support activities relating to communication products and technology; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire domain of practical support rather than the single act of positioning a device.
441275005 (Position cosmetic mirror near subject)maps to wider conceptUAD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with products and technology for personal use in daily living)A cosmetic mirror is a personal daily living product, and positioning it near a patient is a specific practical support action that falls within UAD.RB.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader, covering the full range of practical support for personal daily living technology rather than this single positioning act.
112908009 (Suture of laceration of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis)NGM.MK.AA covers all repair procedures on the penis, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically suture of a laceration; ICHI "repair" subsumes suture of laceration but is broader, encompassing other repair modalities as well.
360362007 (Suture of laceration of perineum)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers all repair interventions on the perineum and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only suture of a laceration; no more specific ICHI code exists for laceration suture of the perineum.
75318004 (Suture of laceration of sclera)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)BCB.MK.AA maps directly to the sclera as the target and repair as the action, covering suture of laceration as its primary clinical indication; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all repair methods on the sclera, not exclusively suture of a laceration.
72062005 (Suture of laceration of testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis)"Repair of testis" is the closest ICHI code available and encompasses suture of a laceration as one technique, but it is broader since it covers any repair method (not specifically suturing of a laceration). No more specific code for suture/laceration of the testis exists in ICHI.
65333006 (Suture of laceration of vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.MK.AA (Repair of spermatic cord)ICHI has no dedicated vas deferens repair code; the vas deferens is part of the spermatic cord structure, making "Repair of spermatic cord" the nearest applicable code, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (full cord, not just the vas) and in not specifying suture of a laceration.
24611008 (Suture of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.MK.AA (Repair of larynx)"Repair of larynx" covers the same anatomical target and surgical intent, but is broader because it does not specify suture as the means; no more specific suture-of-larynx code exists in ICHI.
397242005 (Suture of liver laceration)maps to wider conceptKCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver)"Repair of liver" is the best available ICHI match — same target and restorative intent — but it is broader because it does not constrain the means to suturing nor specifies that the indication is a laceration.
310393006 (Suture of lung laceration)maps to wider conceptJBF.MK.AA (Repair of lung)"Repair of lung" covers the same anatomical target and restorative intent, but is broader since it does not specify suture as the technique nor limit the indication to a laceration; it is the most specific available ICHI code for this procedure.
76808009 (Suture of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI "Repair of muscle of unspecified site" (MRM.MK.AA) covers the same repair action on a muscle at an unspecified body site, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED concept "Suture of muscle." However, ICHI uses "repair" (MK action axis) as a broader term encompassing suture and other repair techniques, and the means axis (AA = open) does not fully constrain to suture alone, making the ICHI code slightly broader in technique than suture specifically.
439713005 (Suture of nerve with mobilization)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ACA.MK.AA covers repair of a peripheral nerve (open approach), which subsumes suturing as a repair technique; however, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies mobilization of the nerve as part of the procedure, a detail not captured in the ICHI code, and the ICHI code is also restricted to peripheral nerves whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify nerve type. The ICHI code is therefore broader in technique scope and potentially narrower in anatomical scope, but overall the best available match.
112926007 (Suture of obstetric laceration of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AC (Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach)NMH.MK.AC is the most specific available ICHI code for vaginal repair performed via a transvaginal approach, which is the natural route for repairing an obstetric vaginal laceration. The ICHI code does not specify "obstetric" context or the laceration etiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest assignable match within the vaginal interventions block.
6473009 (Suture of old obstetrical laceration of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.MK.AA (Repair of uterus)NME.MK.AA captures repair of the uterus (open, unspecified approach), which is the closest ICHI category to suturing an old obstetric uterine laceration. The ICHI code does not encode the obstetric etiology, the chronicity ("old" laceration), or the suture technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
397243000 (Suture of renal laceration)maps to wider conceptNAA.MK.AA (Repair of kidney)NAA.MK.AA is the designated ICHI code for repair of the kidney (open approach), encompassing repair of traumatic lacerations including by suture (nephrorraphy). The ICHI code does not specify suture technique or laceration etiology, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best and most direct match available in the kidney interventions block.
54293004 (Suture of skin wound of forefoot)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI does not have a forefoot-specific skin repair code; the closest available code covers the entire lower limb, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the forefoot. "Repair" in ICHI encompasses wound suturing as a technique.
87313004 (Suture of tunica vaginalis)maps to wider conceptNGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis)ICHI groups the tunica vaginalis under testis interventions and has no dedicated tunica vaginalis repair code; "Repair of testis" is the best available code but is broader, covering the whole testicular unit rather than just the tunica vaginalis covering.
446733006 (Suturing of laceration of esophagus by transabdominal approach)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)ICHI "Repair of oesophagus" maps well to suturing of an oesophageal laceration, but the code does not specify the transabdominal approach (that detail would require an extension code), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
446734000 (Suturing of laceration of esophagus by transthoracic approach)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)Same core intervention as 446733006; ICHI "Repair of oesophagus" covers esophageal laceration repair regardless of approach — the transthoracic (open) approach is not separately represented in ICHI (only the thoracoscopic variant KBA.MK.AB exists), so the unspecified repair code is wider than this approach-specific SNOMED concept.
448829002 (Suturing of laceration of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.MK.AA (Repair of rectum)KBW.MK.AA covers all open repair of the rectum, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific act of suturing (closing) a laceration. No ICHI code exists for suture or laceration closure of the rectum specifically.
445891007 (Suturing of laceration of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.MK.AA covers repair of the small intestine broadly, which subsumes but is not limited to suturing a laceration. ICHI has no dedicated code for suture closure of a small intestinal wound.
447741002 (Suturing of laceration of trachea by transcervical approach)maps to wider conceptJBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea)JBA.MK.AA is the open (unspecified approach) repair of trachea, which is the closest available ICHI code for transcervical tracheal repair; ICHI does not have a dedicated transcervical-approach code, and "repair" is broader than "suturing of laceration."
446773000 (Suturing of laceration of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)NAE.MK.AA covers open repair of the ureter broadly, which encompasses but is not specific to suturing a laceration. No ICHI code exists for laceration closure of the ureter as a distinct procedure.
57071006 (Sympathectomy)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)Sympathectomy (surgical excision of sympathetic nerve tissue) maps to the sympathetic nervous system section in ICHI, but the specific excision codes are all level-specific (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral), whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify a level. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the designated residual/unspecified category for the entire sympathetic nervous system block and is thus broader than the specific procedure; it is the best available match when the anatomical level is unspecified.
306999003 (Sympathetic ganglion block)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has level-specific anaesthetic injection codes (ADB.DC.AE through ADE.DC.AE) for blocking sympathetic nerves at cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels, but the SNOMED concept refers to sympathetic ganglion block without specifying a level, so no single level-specific code is an exact match. ADA.ZZ.ZZ (unspecified sympathetic nervous system intervention) is the best available residual code, though it is broader than the specific blocking procedure.
59427005 (Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's only assignable code for mechanical ventilation is "Artificial ventilation" (JTB.DE.AC), which covers all modes of mechanical ventilatory support including SIMV; there is no sub-code distinguishing synchronised intermittent mandatory mode, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation mode.
61371000210101 (Systemic anti cancer therapy regimen)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI's "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" (PZA.DB.AZ) is the closest match for a systemic pharmacological anti-cancer treatment regimen; ICHI does not distinguish oncological agents from other pharmacotherapy nor encode multi-drug regimen concepts, making the ICHI code substantially broader. A more specific intravenous route variant (PZA.DB.AF) exists, but the SNOMED concept is route-agnostic and may encompass oral/IV/other routes across a regimen.
61746007 (Taking patient vital signs)maps to wider conceptPZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement)"Taking patient vital signs" is the composite measurement of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure across the whole person, which fits within PZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement) — a whole-body aggregate physical measurement. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any whole-body measurement, not specifically the standardised vital signs set, but it is the closest single code available given ICHI lacks a dedicated vital signs bundle code.
430531002 (Tamponade of anterior nasal bleeding using nasal tampon)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC covers control of nasal bleeding (epistaxis) in general but does not specify the method; the SNOMED concept specifies tamponade using a nasal tampon as the particular technique, making the ICHI code broader than both instrument-specific SNOMED concepts.
430538008 (Tamponade of anterior nasal bleeding using urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)As with the nasal tampon variant, JAA.LA.AC captures the essential act of controlling anterior nasal bleeding but is broader because it does not encode the specific instrument (urinary catheter) used for the tamponade.
231611003 (Tarsal cleavage of lower eyelid and insertion of everting sutures)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)Tarsal cleavage with everting sutures is a surgical technique to correct lower eyelid entropion; BAA.MK.AA "Repair of eyelid" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the entropion indication, the tarsal cleavage approach, or the suture technique.
241343007 (Tc99m-IDA derivative study)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)A Tc99m-IDA (HIDA) scan is a hepatobiliary nuclear medicine study using a technetium-labelled iminodiacetic acid tracer to image the liver and biliary system; KCA.BA.BE "Liver scan and radioisotope function study" captures the radioisotope imaging of the hepatic/biliary target but is broader because it does not specify the Tc99m-IDA tracer or the biliary functional component of the study.
386471001 (Technical equipment management)maps to wider conceptUA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified)UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of products and technology broadly within the environment chapter, which is the closest ICHI category to managing technical/medical equipment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all products and technology, not only clinical or technical equipment specifically.
386472008 (Telephone consultation)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)XG6UP2 is the ICHI Telehealth extension code for any intervention where advice or assistance is provided from a distant location, which aligns with telephone consultation as a remotely delivered advisory encounter. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all modalities of remote advice and is not restricted to consultations specifically.
386473003 (Telephone follow-up)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)Telephone follow-up is a remote clinician-initiated contact to check on a patient, which falls within the scope of advice or assistance provided from a distant location. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish follow-up from other forms of remote consultation, and covers all remote modalities beyond telephone alone.
401267002 (Telephone triage encounter)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)Telephone triage involves a clinician remotely assessing urgency and directing care, which fits within the concept of advice or assistance provided from a distant location. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific triage/prioritisation nature of the encounter, nor is it restricted to telephone as the communication medium.
78383001 (Temporary crown for fractured tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration broadly and is the best available match; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes placement of a provisional/temporary crown as a protective interim measure on a fractured tooth, a subset that ICHI does not distinguish from permanent restorations.
38340002 (Temporary insertion of pacemaker into atrium by transvenous route)maps to wider conceptHFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)HFC.DL.AF matches on the key dimensions — temporary, endocardial, transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) pacemaker insertion — but the ICHI code describes insertion of the complete pacemaker system without specifying atrial lead placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly identifies the atrium as the target chamber.
105378004 (Thallium scan)maps to wider conceptHTC.BA.BE (Myocardial perfusion scan)Thallium-201 scintigraphy is performed predominantly as a myocardial perfusion scan, making HTC.BA.BE the best available ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is modality-agnostic and broader than the thallium-specific SNOMED concept, which denotes a particular radiopharmaceutical tracer technique.
229591000 (Theraktin treatment)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)Theraktin treatment is a specific form of whole-body UVA/UVB phototherapy delivered via a tunnel device for conditions like psoriasis; PZA.SC.AH covers all whole-body phototherapy regardless of device or wavelength band, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
240959006 (Therapeutic barium enema)maps to wider conceptKBP.LD.AC (Reduction of colon by enema)A therapeutic barium enema is specifically used to reduce intussusception of the colon using barium as the contrast/pressure medium; KBP.LD.AC "Reduction of colon by enema" covers this clinical purpose and is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the type of enema medium.
177112007 (Therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid)maps to wider conceptNMM.JB.ZZ (Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code precisely describes therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid (amnioreduction) including the explicit therapeutic intent "to decrease fluid volume," making it a very close match. Mapped as wider because the NEC (.ZZ) means axis is a catch-all residual category rather than a true exact match.
171787008 (Therapeutic epidural injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)The ICHI code covers injection into the spinal canal via a percutaneous approach, which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the epidural space specifically; the spinal canal encompasses both the epidural and intrathecal spaces, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the epidural compartment.
16555401000119103 (Therapeutic injection of left hip using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DB.AE (Injection into hip joint)MLJ.DB.AE covers injection into the hip joint but does not encode the therapeutic substance, the fluoroscopic guidance (X-ray means), or the laterality (left); laterality would need to be added as an ICHI extension code, making the stem code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
16555611000119103 (Therapeutic injection of left shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DB.AE (Injection into shoulder joint)MDJ.DB.AE captures injection into the shoulder joint but omits the therapeutic substance, fluoroscopic guidance, and left-side laterality; as with the hip, laterality would require an ICHI extension code, and fluoroscopic guidance is not represented in the stem code.
16555561000119101 (Therapeutic injection of right shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DB.AE (Injection into shoulder joint)Same reasoning as for the left shoulder concept — MDJ.DB.AE is the correct stem code for shoulder joint injection, but the right-side laterality would need an ICHI extension code and fluoroscopic guidance is not captured in the stem.
174662007 (Therapeutic percutaneous insertion of prosthesis into bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of a biliary tract device (which encompasses prostheses/stents) but does not specify the percutaneous approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both approach (percutaneous) and device type (prosthesis). No ICHI code for percutaneous-only biliary device insertion without concomitant dilatation exists in the classification.
19647005 (Therapeutic plasmapheresis using plasma as major replacement fluid)maps to wider conceptDIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)DIA.JC.AF covers therapeutic apheresis as a class, of which plasmapheresis is a subtype; ICHI does not distinguish between plasmapheresis and other apheresis modalities, nor does it capture the specific replacement fluid used, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
386641000 (Therapeutic termination of pregnancy procedure)maps to wider conceptNME.DB.AC (Termination of pregnancy by oral medication)ICHI has no method-unspecified "termination of pregnancy" assignable code; both available ICHI codes (oral medication and hysterotomy) are narrower than the generic SNOMED concept, meaning the SNOMED concept is broader than either individual ICHI code. NME.DB.AC is selected as the representative medical abortion route.
1332556005 (Therapeutic transfusion of convalescent plasma)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)DIA.DG.AF covers transfusion of any blood or blood product, while the SNOMED concept specifies convalescent plasma specifically; the ICHI code is thus broader, as ICHI makes no distinction between plasma subtypes or donor status.
89240007 (Thermography of blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.BA.BA is a residual "not elsewhere classified" imaging code for blood vessels that can accommodate modalities not specifically listed in ICHI such as thermography; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any unspecified imaging technique applied to any blood vessel rather than thermography specifically.
1366218003 (Thoracoscopic surgery using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)ICHI has no standalone category code for robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; XG5Z48 ("With robotic assistance") exists only as an extension modifier. JCH.AE.AB covers the thoracoscopic approach but is broader, omitting the robotic-assistance qualifier that defines this SNOMED concept.
439439009 (Thoracoscopy with removal of intrapleural fibrin deposit)maps to wider conceptJCH.JG.AB (Thoracoscopic debridement of thoracic cavity)Debridement of the thoracic cavity performed thoracoscopically (JCH.JG.AB) captures the operative intent (thoracoscopic removal of intracavitary material), but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically names fibrin deposit removal within the pleural space.
69882005 (Thrombectomy with catheter of femoropopliteal vein by abdominal and leg incision)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)ICHI captures the procedure at the lower limb vein level but does not distinguish the femoropopliteal segment specifically, nor does it encode the catheter technique or the combined abdominal and leg incision approach. The SNOMED concept is more granular in both anatomical target and operative approach.
11346008 (Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by abdominal and leg incision)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)The abdominal and leg incision approach strongly implies the inferior vena cava, and HIC.JE.AA correctly captures thrombectomy (extraction of obstruction) of the IVC. ICHI is slightly wider because it does not encode the catheter technique or the specific combined abdominal/leg incision approach present in the SNOMED concept.
85664008 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of celiac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI covers endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery as a class, which encompasses the celiac artery but does not capture the specific vessel or the concomitant graft component described in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader in both anatomical specificity and procedural detail.
64933009 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery and falls within the target of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify the iliac vessel nor does it capture the additional graft reconstruction that is part of the SNOMED procedure.
710006 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The mesenteric artery (superior or inferior) is an abdominal artery within the scope of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish the mesenteric vessel specifically, nor does it encode the accompanying graft.
5176003 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of renal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The renal artery is an abdominal artery covered by the IEA target, but ICHI does not differentiate the renal vessel from other abdominal arteries at this code level, and the graft component of the SNOMED procedure is not captured.
85448008 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of vertebral artery by neck incision)maps to wider conceptIBA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of head and neck, open approach)The vertebral artery is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, and the "neck incision" aligns with the open approach specified in IBA.JE.AA; however, the ICHI code does not identify the vertebral artery specifically nor encode the graft component of the SNOMED procedure.
228572007 (Time management training)maps to wider conceptAUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)Time management is a higher-level cognitive/executive function skill, and ICHI "Training of higher-level cognitive functions" (AUH.PH.ZZ) is the closest available code; however, it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of time management training, as it encompasses planning, problem-solving, and other executive functions as well.
172270009 (Tissue glue protective tarsorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)Tarsorrhaphy (surgical joining/closure of eyelid margins) is a form of eyelid repair, and BAA.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code; the only eyelid-specific code referencing tarsorrhaphy is BAA.FB.AA ("Severing of blepharorrhaphy," i.e. the reversal). ICHI does not have a dedicated code for tarsorrhaphy creation, so BAA.MK.AA is broader than the specific tissue-glue technique described.
171209009 (Tobacco usage screening)maps to wider conceptVAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of tobacco use behaviours)VAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of tobacco use behaviours broadly, which encompasses a usage screening. The ICHI code is wider because "assessment" includes any evaluation of tobacco use, not just a formal screening instrument.
50585009 (Tooth extraction, multiple)maps to wider conceptKAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)KAE.JE.AC is the closest ICHI code for simple (non-surgical) tooth extraction, but it refers to a single extraction and does not capture the "multiple" qualifier; the ICHI code is therefore wider as it covers the procedure type without specifying multiplicity.
1259171006 (Tooth restorability assessment)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI's closest code is "Dental examination" (KAE.AE.AC), a general dental assessment that is broader than the specific clinical task of evaluating whether a tooth can be restored. There is no ICHI code for a restorability-specific assessment, so the broader dental examination code is the best available match.
712746000 (Total body electron beam therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.GA.BA (Total body irradiation)PZA.GA.BA is the only whole-body radiation code in ICHI and sits in the "Interventions on whole body" block, making it the closest structural match. However, it does not distinguish the electron beam modality (total skin electron beam therapy / TSEBT), so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
172766000 (Total reconstruction of nose with bone graft and skin flap)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA covers nasal reconstruction broadly but does not encode the specific technique (bone graft combined with skin flap) or the total extent of the reconstruction, making it wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
1231410001 (Total replacement of hip joint using impaction bone graft)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated total hip arthroplasty code; MLJ.DN.AA is the closest assignable category in the hip joint block, covering the prosthetic implantation component of THA, but it does not capture the "total replacement" extent or the impaction bone graft technique, making it broader in scope.
1208352002 (Total thyroidectomy using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptEBA.JK.AA (Complete thyroidectomy)EBA.JK.AA matches the core procedure — total excision of the thyroid gland — but lacks any means-axis encoding for robotic assistance; the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 ("With robotic assistance") could be appended to refine the mapping, but as a standalone code EBA.JK.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept.
392254000 (Trachelorrhaphy by vaginal approach)maps to wider conceptNMF.MK.AC (Other repair of cervix)Trachelorrhaphy is surgical suture/repair of a lacerated or torn cervix uteri performed via the vaginal route, which maps to repair of the cervix. The ICHI code NMF.MK.AC ("Other repair of cervix", transvaginal approach) is the closest match, but is broader as it covers any cervical repair technique, not exclusively the suturing method of trachelorrhaphy; NMF.MK.AC is preferred over the laparoscopic variant given the vaginal approach specified.
55622001 (Tracheostomy, emergency procedure by transtracheal approach)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)JBA.LI.AA covers tracheostomy in general; the SNOMED concept specifies an emergency, transtracheal (cricothyroid membrane) approach, which is a clinically distinct subtype not separately coded in ICHI. The percutaneous variant (JBA.LI.AE) does not match the transtracheal/surgical emergency context as well as the general tracheostomy code, so JBA.LI.AA is chosen as wider.
438415006 (Trans-arterial hepatic radioembolization using yttrium-90 microspheres)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LA.AF is the closest available ICHI code — it covers endovascular embolisation via the abdominal/pelvic arterial tree, which is the procedural mechanism of trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE/SIRT). However, it is considerably wider: it does not specify the hepatic artery as the target, does not distinguish radioembolization from bland embolization, and makes no reference to yttrium-90 microspheres.
713593003 (Transanal radiofrequency thermotherapy of anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)The SECCA procedure delivers radiofrequency energy to the anal sphincter muscle transanally to remodel collagen and treat fecal incontinence; KBX.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus) is the nearest structural match in the anus/anal canal block. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the radiofrequency modality, the sphincter-specific target, or the thermotherapy mechanism from other destructive interventions on the anus.
265027007 (Transantral ethmoidectomy)maps to wider conceptJAH.JJ.AA (Ethmoidectomy)JAH.JJ.AA captures ethmoidectomy as a procedure on the ethmoid sinus but does not encode the transantral (Caldwell-Luc / via maxillary sinus) approach; neither JAH.JJ.AA nor any other ethmoidectomy code in ICHI specifies that means axis, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept. JAH.JJ.AD (endoscopic ethmoidectomy) specifies a different approach and would be incorrect.
232487002 (Transantral ligation of maxillary artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of head and neck)IBA.LA.AA covers occlusion (which includes surgical ligation) of any artery of the head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the maxillary artery with a transantral (open Caldwell-Luc) approach. ICHI does not have a code specific to the maxillary artery or the transantral approach, making this a wider match.
231554000 (Transantral transethmoidal orbital decompression)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AA (Decompression of orbit)BAM.FC.AA is the generic code for decompression of the orbit without specifying surgical approach; BAM.FC.AD (endoscopic) is also available but the transantral-transethmoidal approach is open/combined rather than purely endoscopic. The SNOMED concept is more specific in its combined transantral-transethmoidal approach, so the ICHI code is wider.
230954003 (Transantral vidian nerve neurectomy)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)The vidian nerve (nerve of the pterygoid canal) is a peripheral autonomic nerve; its surgical section (neurectomy) corresponds to division of peripheral nerve (ACA.FB.AA). ICHI has no specific code for vidian/pterygoid canal nerve neurectomy or for the transantral approach, making this a wider match.
443887000 (Transapical implantation of aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHDE.DN.AE (Percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement)Transapical TAVI (TA-TAVI) is a transcatheter aortic valve replacement performed via a left ventricular apical puncture rather than a percutaneous vascular route; ICHI's HDE.DN.AE is the closest available code covering transcatheter aortic valve replacement, but it does not distinguish the transapical delivery approach, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
1231726001 (Transapical transcatheter implantation of bioprosthetic mitral valve prosthesis into mitral annuloplasty ring using fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic guidance)maps to wider conceptHDF.DN.AE (Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement)This highly specific SNOMED concept describes a valve-in-ring TMVR via transapical approach with dual imaging guidance (fluoroscopy and TEE); HDF.DN.AE covers percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement generically without capturing the transapical access, the annuloplasty ring target, the bioprosthetic prosthesis type, or the specific guidance modalities, making the ICHI code considerably wider.
448396008 (Transarterial embolization)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)Transarterial embolization is an arterial endovascular occlusion technique; ICHI has specific codes per vessel territory (coronary, pulmonary, abdominal, etc.) but no single generic "transarterial embolization" code, so the NEC residual IZA.LA.AF is the closest generic match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any unspecified artery, while the SNOMED concept is itself a procedure type that could apply to many specific vessels.
16475002 (Transcutaneous stimulation of bone growth)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AH (Noninvasive placement of external device of bone of unspecified site)MRB.DN.AH covers noninvasive device placement on bone at any (unspecified) site, which encompasses transcutaneous bone growth stimulation regardless of anatomical location. The ICHI code is wider because it includes any non-invasive external bone device, not solely electrical/ultrasonic growth stimulators, and does not specify the therapeutic purpose of fracture healing or non-union treatment.
31942007 (Transection of greater occipital nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)The greater occipital nerve (C2) is a spinal/peripheral nerve, and ACA.FB.AA is the ICHI code for open division (transection) of a peripheral nerve. The mapping is wider because ICHI does not have a code specific to the greater occipital nerve — the target is all peripheral nerves — so the ICHI code covers the procedure type correctly but loses the anatomical specificity.
308292007 (Transfer of care)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ (referral to health provider) is the closest ICHI concept, covering the organisational act of directing a patient to another provider or service. It is wider than "transfer of care" because referral encompasses initial outpatient referrals, whereas "transfer of care" more specifically implies handover of ongoing responsibility (e.g., inpatient transfer or discharge to another service), but ICHI has no more granular code for this distinction.
239245001 (Transfer of patellar tendon)maps to wider conceptMMT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee)MMT.LJ.AA covers transfer or transplantation of any tendon at the knee, which subsumes patellar tendon transfer as one specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the patellar tendon and encompasses all knee tendon transfers.
30963003 (Transglottic catheterization of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC covers insertion of an endotracheal tube into the trachea, which is the standard procedure class that encompasses transglottic catheterization; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the transglottic route as the means of access.
277237009 (Transillumination of maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.AE.AC (Transillumination of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)JAE.AE.AC covers transillumination of paranasal sinuses as a class, which includes the maxillary sinus; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any paranasal sinus rather than specifically the maxillary sinus, and it carries an NEC qualifier.
428811000 (Transjugular intrahepatic angioplasty of portal vein)maps to wider conceptIEF.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of portal vein and branches)IEF.LG.AF covers transluminal dilatation of the portal vein by a percutaneous approach, which captures the angioplasty action on the correct target vessel; however, it does not encode the specific transjugular intrahepatic route (TIPS-type approach), making the ICHI code broader in approach than the SNOMED concept.
429788001 (Transjugular intrahepatic thrombectomy of portal vein)maps to wider conceptIEF.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches)IEF.JE.AA represents extraction/removal of obstruction (thrombus) from the portal vein, which aligns with the thrombectomy action on the correct target; it does not specify the transjugular intrahepatic approach, so the ICHI code is wider in terms of approach specificity.
425806003 (Translocation of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI has no specific code for macular/retinal translocation surgery; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the closest available code under the retina block, but it encompasses any retinal repair procedure, making it significantly broader than the specific surgical translocation technique described by the SNOMED concept.
438490000 (Transluminal dilation of aqueous outflow canal)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has no specific code for Schlemm's canal dilation (canaloplasty); BBE.LI.AA is the closest conceptually, covering interventions that facilitate aqueous circulation in the anterior chamber, but it is a broad functional category that encompasses multiple techniques beyond transluminal canal dilation alone.
175113001 (Transluminal insertion of aortic balloon pump)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AF (Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI has no dedicated assignable code for IABP insertion specifically; HZZ.DN.AF covers percutaneous transluminal implantation of any cardiac assist device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the intra-aortic balloon pump. The ICHI means extension "Intraaortic balloon pump" exists only as a device qualifier (no alphanumeric code), not as a standalone procedural category.
232962000 (Transluminal insertion of intraventricular pump)maps to wider conceptHBA.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of left ventricular assist device)An intraventricular pump (e.g. Impella/percutaneous VAD) is clinically synonymous with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device; HBA.DN.AF is the most specific ICHI code for transluminal VAD insertion into the left ventricle, though it is wider in that it does not distinguish specific pump types or include RVAD/biventricular variants implied by the generic SNOMED term.
233085006 (Transluminal laser resection of left ventricular muscle)maps to wider conceptHFD.FA.AF (Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation)Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation (PTMR) is the closest ICHI equivalent — it is a percutaneous laser-based myocardial procedure. However, ICHI describes it as revascularisation rather than resection of left ventricular muscle specifically, making the code wider and not capturing the distinct resection/myectomy aspect of the SNOMED concept.
233060002 (Transluminal laser resection of right ventricular muscle)maps to wider conceptHFD.FA.AF (Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation)As with the left ventricular equivalent, HFD.FA.AF is the only percutaneous laser myocardial intervention in ICHI; it does not differentiate left from right ventricle and describes revascularisation rather than muscle resection, making it a wider but related match for this right ventricular SNOMED concept.
232963005 (Transluminal maintenance of intraventricular pump)maps to wider conceptHZZ.SN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device)HZZ.SN.AF is the only percutaneous transluminal device management code in ICHI for cardiac assist devices and directly captures the transluminal route and maintenance/management action; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all cardiac assist devices rather than specifically intraventricular pumps.
233245005 (Transluminal operations on inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated inferior mesenteric artery code; IEA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which is the closest structural match for a transluminal intervention on the IMA. The SNOMED concept is broader (encompasses multiple transluminal operation types — angioplasty, stenting, embolization) and targets a specific named artery, while the ICHI code covers only dilatation across the entire abdominal/pelvic artery group, making ICHI wider in target scope but narrower in action scope; overall the relationship is wider (the ICHI category subsumes the specific vessel).
233244009 (Transluminal operations on superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)Identical reasoning to the IMA concept above — ICHI has no SMA-specific procedure code, and the superior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal or pelvic artery group. IEA.LG.AF is the best available code for a transluminal (endovascular) intervention on the SMA, though it is wider in anatomical target and represents only dilatation rather than the full range of transluminal operations.
232960008 (Transluminal removal of aortic balloon pump)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) removal code. HZZ.JD.AF is the closest match as it explicitly captures percutaneous transluminal removal of an internal device from the heart/great vessel region; the IABP resides in the aorta (a great vessel), but the ICHI code is an unspecified NEC catch-all that is wider than the specific IABP device type.
15256002 (Transmyocardial revascularization by laser technique)maps to wider conceptHFD.FA.AA (Transmyocardial revascularisation)HFD.FA.AA covers transmyocardial revascularisation as a general procedure without specifying the laser technique; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it identifies the laser as the means. The sibling codes HFD.FA.AB (thoracoscopic) and HFD.FA.AF (percutaneous) confirm that ICHI does distinguish approaches, but no laser-specific code exists, making this the closest available code and thus broader than the SNOMED concept.
1365691006 (Transplantation of corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segment)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)ICHI has no specific code for intrastromal ring segment transplantation; BBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant) is the closest structural match as it captures the insertion of a device into the cornea, but it is broader because it covers all corneal implant types and does not capture the allogeneic transplant or the intrastromal ring specificity of the SNOMED concept.
711446003 (Transplantation of kidney regime)maps to wider conceptNAA.KD.AA (Kidney transplantation)The SNOMED concept refers to a kidney transplantation "regime" — a care management protocol encompassing the full perioperative and post-transplant pathway — whereas ICHI NAA.KD.AA represents only the surgical transplantation procedure itself. The ICHI code is narrower in scope than the SNOMED regime concept, making the ICHI code wider from the SNOMED perspective (the regime subsumes the procedure).
234301001 (Transplantation of lymph collectors)maps to wider conceptDFO.KD.AA (Transplantation of lymphatic vessel)ICHI represents transplantation of lymphatic vessels broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets lymph collectors (the larger collecting lymphatics, a subset of lymphatic vessels). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
715544005 (Transportation by ambulance with assistance of one person)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code for patient transportation and covers the act of transporting a person broadly. It does not capture the specific modality (ground ambulance), the number of assisting personnel, or any level of clinical escort detail, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
715543004 (Transportation by ambulance with assistance of two people)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transportation of a person generically and does not distinguish between ambulance transport and other vehicle types, nor does it encode the number of assistants required.
715955003 (Transportation by commercial flight with stretcher facility)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)ICHI has no code for aeromedical or commercial-flight patient transport; PZB.TJ.ZZ is the closest available concept but loses all specificity regarding air transport mode, commercial carrier use, and stretcher configuration.
715542009 (Transportation by emergency ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general act of transporting a person but carries no information about emergency urgency, ground ambulance vehicle, or emergency clinical context present in the SNOMED concept.
715541002 (Transportation by fixed wing air ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)ICHI contains no specific code for fixed-wing aeromedical transport; PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only applicable code but is substantially broader, encoding none of the aircraft type, air ambulance service, or associated clinical crew detail.
715540001 (Transportation by helicopter air ambulance)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers patient transport in general, with no distinction for the mode of transport (helicopter vs ground ambulance vs other). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies helicopter air ambulance as the transport modality.
370857000 (Transporting according to individual needs)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code for patient transport and represents the same core act, but it does not encode the individualised-needs qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
441730008 (Transposition of ligament for stabilization of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LC.AA captures the functional outcome of the SNOMED concept — joint stabilisation at an unspecified site — but is broader in that it does not specify the mechanism (ligament transposition) and does not restrict to the ligament as the structure acted upon; no ICHI code exists for ligament transposition specifically.
172179001 (Transposition of ligament of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)ICHI has no code for transposition of an orbital ligament specifically; BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) is the broadest reconstruction code available under the orbit target block and subsumes surgical repositioning/transposition of orbital soft-tissue structures, making it a wider match.
54224003 (Transposition of pharyngeal tissue)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)Transposition of pharyngeal tissue is a reconstructive procedure using locally moved tissue (e.g., pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency), and KAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx) is the closest available ICHI code; it is wider because it encompasses all methods of pharyngeal reconstruction, not only tissue transposition, and does not distinguish between nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sites.
84072001 (Transposition of pterygium)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no specific code for pterygium transposition; the conjunctival block lacks a transposition or repositioning category. BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the closest available code, but it covers all conjunctival repair procedures and is broader than the specific act of surgically repositioning a pterygium.
38646003 (Transposition of pterygium with graft)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI offers no dedicated code for pterygium transposition with graft; BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac) is too anatomically restricted to the fornix, making BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) the broadest applicable match. The ICHI code does not capture either the transposition technique or the use of a graft.
119663001 (Transposition of tissue of hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI has no specific code for tissue transposition of the hand; LAE.ML.AA covers skin/subcutaneous tissue reconstruction for the entire upper limb (including hand) using ML (reconstruction/graft action), which is the closest procedural category, but it is broader because it encompasses the whole upper limb rather than the hand specifically and "skin graft" implies free transfer whereas transposition implies a pedicled local flap.
449654006 (Transposition of tissue of lower limb)maps to wider conceptLAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)LAG.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for tissue reconstruction of the lower limb skin/subcutaneous layer, but it is labelled "skin graft" (implying free graft) rather than transposition (pedicled local flap), making the ICHI concept slightly broader in scope though the target body region aligns well.
120096007 (Transposition of tissue of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA is the only ICHI code covering tissue reconstruction at the orbital site; the target (orbit) matches, but the ICHI title is broad — encompassing any orbital reconstruction — while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes pedicled tissue transposition, so the ICHI code is wider.
119642003 (Transposition of tissue of shoulder)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI has no shoulder-specific skin/soft-tissue reconstruction code; LAE.ML.AA (skin graft to upper limb) is the best available approximation as it covers skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb including the shoulder region, but it is broader in anatomical scope and describes grafting rather than pedicled transposition.
231206009 (Transsacral local anesthetic nerve block)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)ABN.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve, which encompasses the transsacral route of delivery (blocking sacral nerve roots); ICHI does not distinguish the transsacral approach from other spinal nerve anaesthetic injections, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The sacral sympathetic nerve alternative (ADE.DC.AE) targets the autonomic rather than somatic nerve roots involved in a transsacral block, making ABN.DC.AE the better fit.
278718004 (Transsphincteric incision)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)Transsphincteric incision is a surgical technique used in anorectal procedures (classically for anal fistula treatment) that involves cutting through the anal sphincter; KBX.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering incision of the anus and perianal tissue, but it does not specify the transsphincteric approach and applies to any anal/perianal incision, making it broader.
176288003 (Transurethral laser prostatectomy)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)ICHI captures the target (prostate), action (prostatectomy), and transurethral approach precisely, but does not have a means axis value that specifies laser as the ablative instrument. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all transurethral endoscopic prostatectomies regardless of energy source.
176097008 (Transurethral removal of lesion of ureteric orifice)maps to wider conceptNAI.JI.AD (Transurethral resection of bladder lesion)The ureteric orifice is an anatomical subsite located within the bladder wall; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for this structure and classifies it under bladder interventions. NAI.JI.AD matches the transurethral approach and local excision of a lesion, but is broader because it applies to any bladder lesion, not specifically the ureteric orifice.
68986004 (Transurethral resection of prostate, first stage of two stages)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)NGA.JJ.AD correctly encodes the target (prostate), action (prostatectomy), and transurethral approach. ICHI has no mechanism to represent staged procedure sequencing (first vs. second stage), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which carries that clinically significant staging qualifier.
432787004 (Transvaginal ultrasonography for follicle monitoring)maps to wider conceptNMS.BA.AC (Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified, per orifice)NMS.BA.AC captures the transvaginal ("per orifice") ultrasound of the female genital tract, matching the route and imaging modality. However, the ICHI code does not encode the specific clinical purpose (follicle monitoring for ovarian stimulation), and the target is the general female genital tract rather than the ovaries specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
406184001 (Trauma therapy: child)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands)Trauma therapy for children is a form of psychotherapy targeting stress and traumatic responses; SDJ.PQ.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader — it does not specify the paediatric population or the trauma-focused modality (e.g., TF-CBT, EMDR).
418207003 (Treatment administration by irrigation)maps to wider conceptJA (Irrigation)JA is the ICHI action-axis code for irrigation and represents the concept at its most general level; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is an axis value rather than a full target.action.means assignable code, and ICHI's specific irrigation codes all require a named anatomical target (e.g., bladder, colon, joint) that the SNOMED concept intentionally leaves unspecified.
386329003 (Treatment of hypothermia)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)PZA.SD.BQ captures the core therapeutic action of rewarming the body in hypothermia treatment, but ICHI is slightly broader as it describes the warming action itself rather than the full clinical management of hypothermia as a condition. No dedicated "treatment of hypothermia" intervention exists in ICHI, making this the closest functional equivalent.
423212001 (Trendelenburg positioning)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)PZA.LD.ZZ covers positioning of the whole body, which encompasses Trendelenburg positioning (head-down tilt), but the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any whole-body positioning and does not specify the head-down angle that defines the Trendelenburg position. No more specific code for Trendelenburg was found in ICHI.
119598006 (Trunk transposition)maps to wider conceptHIN.LJ.AA (Arterial switch operation)"Trunk transposition" (transposition of the great arteries) is a congenital cardiac malformation corrected by the arterial switch operation — the standard definitive surgical procedure for this defect. HIN.LJ.AA is the best available ICHI code, but it refers specifically to the arterial switch as one specific repair technique, whereas the SNOMED concept is the broader surgical act of transposing the great vessels, so ICHI is wider in that it names the canonical technique rather than the generic transposition procedure.
233377005 (Tube graft abdominal aortic aneurysm - emergency)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a tube graft; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all reconstruction of the abdominal aorta without specificity for the tube graft configuration, the aneurysm indication, or the emergency setting.
250727003 (Tubular maximal reabsorptive capacity measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering measurement of renal/urinary excretory function; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements rather than the specific tubular maximum (Tm) reabsorptive capacity test (e.g., glucose or phosphate Tm), and no dedicated tubular reabsorption test code exists in ICHI.
43323006 (Turbidity test, qualitative)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)A qualitative turbidity test is a physical/chemical urine examination; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest ICHI concept within the essential laboratory tests section, but it is wider as it covers the full scope of urine chemistry rather than specifically the qualitative turbidity assessment.
2371008 (Tympanoplasty type II with graft against incus or malleus)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Tympanoplasty type II is a specific reconstruction in which a graft is placed against the incus or malleus to restore sound conduction; CBF.ML.AC "Ossicular chain reconstruction" is the best available ICHI match but is broader, covering any ossicular reconstruction without specifying the graft position or the type II classification detail.
47409006 (Tympanoplasty type III with graft against mobile and intact stapes)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Tympanoplasty type III (myringostapediopexy) places a graft directly onto the intact stapes head; CBF.ML.AC "Ossicular chain reconstruction" covers this class of procedure but is broader, not distinguishing graft-to-stapes type III from other ossicular reconstructions.
172696001 (Tympanoplasty using biological graft)maps to wider conceptCBB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tympanic membrane)CBB.ML.AC covers reconstruction of the tympanic membrane, which is the core of tympanoplasty, but it does not specify the use of a biological graft material. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all reconstructive approaches regardless of graft type.
241491007 (Ultrasonography for antepartum monitoring of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound imaging of fetal structures, which is the core technique of antepartum fetal ultrasonography, but it does not encode the specific antepartum monitoring purpose; the SNOMED concept is narrower in intent (surveillance/monitoring context) while the ICHI code applies to any fetal ultrasound regardless of clinical indication.
836454007 (Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of breast using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the breast, which aligns with the core action (drainage via a percutaneous approach), but it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the specific fluid type (seroma), or the use of a seroma catheter; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
870256005 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's best available code covers catheter (device) insertion into a vein, but the SNOMED concept is not vein-specific and specifies ultrasound guidance which is not encoded in the ICHI base code; the ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only a subset of what the SNOMED concept describes while omitting the imaging-guidance modality.
1104451000000105 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous device insertion into breast) but is broader than the SNOMED concept in three respects: it does not specify ultrasound guidance as the means, does not identify the device as a magnetic marker, and does not encode laterality (left); laterality could be appended as an ICHI extension code.
1104461000000108 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)Identical reasoning to the left-breast concept above — LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI code for percutaneous device insertion into breast but does not encode ultrasound guidance, the specific device type (magnetic marker), or right-side laterality.
1290540008 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI match for this procedure; the code is broader because it omits ultrasound guidance, the specific device type (radiofrequency identifier tag), and left-side laterality, all of which are clinically specified in the SNOMED concept.
1290539006 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)Same mapping as left-side concept; LCA.DL.AE covers the general procedure but is wider because it does not distinguish ultrasound guidance, the radiofrequency tag device type, or right-side laterality.
1356873006 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the laser modality or ultrasound guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to laser energy and US guidance.
1356875004 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)EBA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and thyroid target, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it does not specify the laser energy modality or ultrasound guidance; the ICHI code encompasses any percutaneous destruction method applied to thyroid tissue.
1356876003 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.GA.AA is the most generic bone destruction code available in ICHI; it does not specify laser energy, percutaneous approach, ultrasound guidance, or restriction to neoplasm, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best available match given that no site-specific or modality-specific bone ablation code exists in ICHI.
1356890000 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of a breast lesion, matching the target, action, and approach of the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the specific modality (laser ablation) or the imaging guidance (ultrasonography), making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
1145042007 (Ultrasonography guided transperineal insertion of fiducial marker into prostate using transrectal ultrasonographic guidance)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into prostate)NGA.DL.AC correctly targets the prostate and uses the insertion-of-device action (DL), directly matching the core procedure. However, ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type (fiducial marker), the transperineal approach, or the transrectal ultrasound guidance, so the ICHI code is substantially broader.
446208007 (Ultrasonography in second trimester)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal/embryonic structures, which is the closest ICHI code to a second-trimester obstetric ultrasound. ICHI has no concept of gestational trimester, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to the second trimester.
446353007 (Ultrasonography in third trimester)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)Same reasoning as second-trimester concept — NMR.BA.BJ is the best available ICHI code for obstetric ultrasound but carries no trimester specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to the third trimester.
268445003 (Ultrasound scan - obstetric)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound of the fetal/embryonic structure, which is the core clinical purpose of an obstetric ultrasound scan; however, obstetric ultrasound can also assess uterine and placental structures that fall outside the "fetal structure" target, making the ICHI code broader as it does not distinguish further within obstetric ultrasound.
363695005 (Ultraviolet light therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)ICHI does not have a code specifically for ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy as distinct from other phototherapy modalities; "Whole body phototherapy" is the closest in scope when no body region is specified, but it encompasses all phototherapy types and is thus broader than UV therapy specifically.
176757001 (Upper female genital tract operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)ICHI does not have a single code specifically for "upper female genital tract" (which encompasses uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries); the block BlockL4-NMA covers the entire female genital system and is the broadest appropriate grouping, with child blocks for each organ separately.
870442006 (Urate lowering therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI has no code specifically for urate-lowering or antihyperuricemic therapy; PZX.TI.ZZ is the nearest match but is a generic prescription code covering any pharmacotherapy, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to urate-lowering agents.
447342007 (Ureteroscopic ablation of stricture of ureter using laser)maps to wider conceptNAE.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter)NAE.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of any ureter lesion or tissue, which encompasses laser ablation of a ureteral stricture via ureteroscopy; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the stricture as the target lesion type nor laser as the means.
236239008 (Urethral catheter procedure)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)Urethral catheterization is best represented by NAI.DL.AD (insertion of a device into the urinary bladder via the urethra/endoscopic route), but the SNOMED concept is vague ("catheter procedure" covers insertion, removal, irrigation, and replacement) while NAI.DL.AD captures only the insertion action.
439354004 (Urethroplasy with skin graft for second stage hypospadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI category for urethroplasty; it is broader because ICHI does not differentiate the use of a skin graft, the staged nature of the repair, or the hypospadias indication, all of which are specific components of the SNOMED concept.
170874002 (Urinary disorder monitoring)maps to wider conceptNT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.AM.ZZ broadly covers ongoing surveillance of urinary function, which aligns with monitoring a urinary disorder; however, the ICHI code is wider as it applies to any urinary function observation rather than being specific to disorder monitoring.
386486007 (Urinary elimination care)maps to wider conceptNT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)"Urinary elimination care" is a specific nursing intervention focused on assisting a patient with voiding or continence; NT2.RB.ZZ covers the broader concept of any practical support for urinary functions, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
261559004 (Urinary reservoir bowel segment revision)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)A urinary reservoir bowel segment revision is a surgical correction of a continent or incontinent urinary diversion constructed from bowel; NAI.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not specifically encode the bowel-segment nature or the revision context, making the ICHI code broader.
70777001 (Urine specimen collection, catheterized)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB directly represents collection of a urine specimen, matching the core action; however, the SNOMED concept specifies that collection is performed via catheter (a specific means), which is not encoded in the ICHI code, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
719241008 (Urostomy assessment)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma not classified under gastrostomy, enterostomy, or tracheostomy, which fits a urostomy; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any unspecified stoma type, not specifically to a urinary/urostomy context.
1345221000 (Urostomy bag adjustment)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC represents management of a stoma not elsewhere classified, which is the closest available ICHI code for the hands-on adjustment of a urostomy appliance/bag; it is broader because it covers general stoma management rather than the specific act of bag/appliance adjustment on a urinary stoma.
236995009 (Uterine massage)maps to wider conceptMCS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of trunk)ICHI has no specific code for uterine massage (a postpartum haemorrhage intervention targeting the uterine fundus). MCS.PC.ZZ is the closest match but is anatomically broader and does not capture the obstetric/haemostatic intent of the procedure.
285413004 (Uterine sounding)maps to wider conceptNME.AE.AC (Digital examination of uterus)ICHI has no code for uterine sounding (passing a graduated probe through the cervix to measure uterine cavity depth). NME.AE.AC is the closest available code representing a physical exploratory assessment of the uterus, but it is broader and does not specify the instrument-based sounding technique.
232965003 (VAD - Implantation of ventricular assist device)maps to wider conceptHBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of biventricular assist device)The SNOMED concept refers generically to VAD implantation without specifying laterality, whereas ICHI requires side-specific codes (HBA.DN.AA left, HBB.DN.AA right, HBZ.DN.AA biventricular). HBZ.DN.AA is selected as a representative code but the generic SNOMED concept maps most broadly to the block containing all three laterality variants.
36679009 (Vaginal cone irradiation)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)Vaginal cone irradiation is a specific intracavitary brachytherapy technique using a vaginal cone applicator to irradiate the vaginal vault; ICHI has no radiotherapy-specific vaginal destruction code, so NMH.GA.AC (destruction of vaginal lesion, means unspecified) is the best available code but is broader, capturing all destruction modalities rather than radiation specifically.
233552008 (Vascular cannula replacement)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)A vascular cannula replacement is a specific act of replacing a cannula within a blood vessel, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of managing a vascular device. No dedicated ICHI code exists for cannula replacement specifically.
30904006 (Vascular surgery procedure)maps to wider conceptIZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified)"Vascular surgery procedure" is itself a broad, non-specific grouping concept covering any surgical intervention on blood vessels; the best available ICHI representation is the unspecified residual for all circulatory system interventions.
1204100003 (Vascularized bone graft with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI represents bone grafts by anatomical site; MRB.ML.AA is the unspecified-site residual that best captures the graft procedure, but ICHI does not encode the microsurgical vascularized technique as a distinct axis value.
765021002 (Vegetarian diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)A vegetarian diet is a specific prescribed eating pattern, but ICHI has no diet-specific code; VEA.TI.ZZ covers any prescription for eating behaviours and is therefore broader.
28898009 (Venous cutdown)maps to wider conceptIZD.FA.AA (Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified)Venous cutdown is a surgical technique involving deliberate incision of a vein to insert a cannula for vascular access; IZD.FA.AA captures the core act of incising a vein but is broader because it encompasses any vein incision and does not imply subsequent cannulation.
44482009 (Ventilating tube removal by another physician)maps to wider conceptCBB.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from tympanic membrane)CBB.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the tympanic membrane, which matches removing a ventilating (tympanostomy) tube; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish between tube removal and other foreign body removal, nor capture the "by another physician" context.
410210009 (Ventilator care management)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the best available ICHI match for ongoing ventilator care management, as ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the clinical management/monitoring component distinct from the ventilation act itself.
438477007 (Ventricular restoration procedure of heart using prosthetic patch graft)maps to wider conceptHBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of left ventricle)HBA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI concept to ventricular restoration (Dor procedure); both involve surgical reshaping/reconstruction of the left ventricle, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify use of a prosthetic patch graft.
57881009 (Ventricular shunt to cisterna magna)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA directly represents a ventricular shunt procedure but does not specify the destination of the shunt (cisterna magna), whereas the SNOMED concept is a specific ventriculocisternal shunt variant.
243374001 (Ventricular shunt to mastoid)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA captures the core procedure but does not specify the mastoid as the distal drainage site. No ICHI code encodes the mastoid-specific destination.
17200002 (Ventricular shunt to nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA represents a ventricular shunt generically without specifying the nasopharynx as the drainage terminus; no ICHI code exists for this rare destination variant.
91643002 (Ventricular shunt to ureter)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Ventriculo-ureteral shunting is an uncommon CSF diversion; ICHI has no code that specifies ureter as the distal target.
75240005 (Ventricular shunt to venous system)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Ventriculo-venous shunting (including ventriculoatrial and ventriculojugular variants) is subsumed under the generic AAE.LI.AA; ICHI does not distinguish the venous system as the specific destination.
342960005 (Ventriculoatrial anastomosis with valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)A ventriculoatrial shunt with valve is a specific form of ventricular shunt; AAE.LI.AA is the closest assignable category and is broader as it does not specify the atrial destination or the valve mechanism.
68683005 (Ventriculocisternal intubation)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Ventriculocisternal intubation is a specific type of ventricular shunt that diverts CSF from a brain ventricle to the cisterna magna; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific target site.
243129003 (Ventriculomastoid anastomosis with valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Ventriculomastoid anastomosis with valve is a CSF-diversion procedure connecting the cerebral ventricle to the mastoid cavity via a valve; AAE.LI.AA is the best available match but is broader, capturing neither the mastoid target nor the valve specification.
27613000 (Ventriculopleural shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Ventriculopleural shunt diverts CSF from the cerebral ventricle to the pleural cavity; ICHI does not have a specific code for this pleural destination variant.
77665000 (Ventrohysteropexy)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)Ventrohysteropexy is a specific uterine suspension procedure in which the uterus is fixed to the anterior abdominal wall; NME.LC.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it encompasses all uterine suspension techniques.
287350001 (Vessel resection and replacement)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific "resection and replacement" composite code for unspecified blood vessels; IZE.ML.AA is the closest match but is broader because it covers any blood vessel and any reconstructive technique rather than specifically resection with interposition graft/replacement.
840285005 (Vestibular evoked myogenic potential test)maps to wider conceptCTE.AC.ZZ (Test of vestibular functions)CTE.AC.ZZ covers testing of vestibular functions in general; the VEMP is a specific electrophysiological test of the saccular/utricular vestibular pathway, so the ICHI code is broader than this precise diagnostic modality.
103727006 (Vestibular nerve section)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)The vestibular nerve is a cranial nerve, and AAN.FB.AA for division of cranial nerve is the correct action-type match; the code is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve rather than specifically the vestibular nerve.
3421000175104 (Video screen time assessment)maps to wider conceptVAF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digital technology use behaviours)VAF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digital technology use behaviours broadly, which includes but is not limited to screen time; the SNOMED concept is more specific (video screen time only), making the ICHI code wider in scope.
1351345002 (Viscocanalostomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Viscocanalostomy is a non-penetrating glaucoma procedure that facilitates aqueous outflow by dilating Schlemm's canal with viscoelastic; ICHI has no laterality distinction in the base code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1351352000 (Viscocanalostomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Identical reasoning to the left-eye counterpart — viscocanalostomy maps to facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber, but ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code.
361237004 (Vitamin B12 absorption test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The Vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling test) is a functional test of intestinal absorptive capacity; KT2.AC.ZZ is considerably broader, covering any unclassified digestive system function test rather than B12 absorption specifically.
361238009 (Vitamin B12 isotope studies)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Vitamin B12 isotope studies (typically the Schilling test using radiolabelled B12) involve whole-body radioisotope detection; PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope imaging modality but is broader in scope, not restricted to B12 or gastrointestinal absorption studies.
401129008 (von Willebrand screening test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Von Willebrand factor testing assesses haemostatic (haematological) function, and DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match; however, it is substantially broader than a specific von Willebrand factor assay.
793111000000105 (Vulnerable child assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no concept for child safeguarding or vulnerability-specific assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, targeting the whole person) is the closest structural match, but it is considerably broader, covering any comprehensive health assessment rather than one specifically focused on identifying risk factors and vulnerabilities in children.
58059003 (Washing RBC for transfusion)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI codes the act of transfusing blood or blood products as a single undifferentiated code (DIA.DG.AF) without distinguishing preparation methods such as washing/leukoreduction; washing RBCs is a pre-transfusion processing step not separately classified, so the closest code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
229572000 (Wax treatment)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Wax treatment (paraffin bath) is a specific superficial heat modality applied to peripheral body parts; ICHI encodes it under the broader concept of warming of peripheral body temperature using heat as the means (BQ), which captures the thermal intent but is not restricted to the wax/paraffin modality specifically.
243174005 (Weaning from mechanically assisted ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI does not have a discrete code for the weaning process specifically; JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest code within the respiratory function block and encompasses the management of mechanical ventilation including its cessation, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of weaning/withdrawal from mechanical support.
86665000 (Wedging of clubfoot cast)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation of joint of foot or toe)Wedging a clubfoot cast is a specific serial casting technique targeting the foot joints to correct talipes equinovarus; MOJ.LC.AH covers application of external immobilisation to any joint of the foot or toe, making it broader than this specific corrective wedging procedure. No ICHI code for clubfoot-specific casting or cast wedging exists.
388978005 (Weight gain regimen)maps to wider conceptKTN.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions related to weight management)A weight gain regimen is a specific prescriptive plan to increase body weight (e.g., for underweight or post-illness patients), while KTN.PN.ZZ covers advising about weight management functions more broadly in either direction; no ICHI code is specific to weight gain as opposed to weight loss or maintenance, making this the closest available but broader match.
388977000 (Weight increase consultation)maps to wider conceptKTN.PP.ZZ (Counselling for weight management)A weight increase consultation is a specific clinical encounter focused on counselling a patient about gaining weight, whereas KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management generally (gain, loss, or maintenance); this is the closest ICHI match but is broader than the direction-specific SNOMED concept.
388970003 (Weight maintenance consultation)maps to wider conceptKTN.PP.ZZ (Counselling for weight management)A consultation focused on weight maintenance is most closely represented by counselling for weight management; however, the ICHI code covers all weight management goals (maintenance and reduction), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped only to maintenance.
718361005 (Weight management program)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KTN (Interventions on weight maintenance functions)A weight management program is a multi-component intervention encompassing counselling, education, practical support, and follow-up, which aligns best with the entire KTN block rather than any single assignable leaf code; the block is broader because it also subsumes assessment and testing codes not part of the program concept.
388975008 (Weight reduction consultation)maps to wider conceptKTN.PP.ZZ (Counselling for weight management)This is a consultation specifically aimed at weight reduction, whereas KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management in general (including maintenance), making the ICHI code broader in scope; no dedicated weight-reduction consultation code exists in ICHI.
225058007 (Well person screening)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Well person screening" is a structured health check of an asymptomatic individual to detect unrecognised disease or risk factors; ICHI PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — whole person target, assessment action) is the broadest and best-fitting code for this concept. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any general health assessment, not only the specific preventive/wellness-screening context implied by the SNOMED term.
424184006 (Wheelchair tolerance assessment)maps to wider conceptUAE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)"Wheelchair tolerance assessment" is a specific clinical evaluation of a patient's ability to sit in and use a wheelchair for defined periods; UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any assistive product for personal mobility and transportation (including wheelchairs), making it broader than the specific tolerance-evaluation purpose in the SNOMED concept.
25179006 (Whole blood unit collection)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)"Whole blood unit collection" is the specific therapeutic/donation act of collecting a full unit of whole blood; DIA.JH.AF covers this exactly in procedure type but is wider because it also includes collection of plasma, platelets, and other blood products beyond whole blood.
241387003 (Whole body radioiodine I123 study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scanning of the whole body in general, which semantically contains this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific radioisotope agent (I-123 iodine) nor indicate this is a thyroid or oncology study. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1343383000 (Wire splinting of teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Wire splinting of teeth involves applying a wire (an external dental appliance/device) to stabilise teeth, which falls within the scope of KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device); however, this ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications and does not specify wire splinting specifically.
288088005 (Wound repair skin-plasty)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated skin-plasty or wound-plasty code; LZZ.MK.AA captures skin repair procedures not classifiable to a specific body region, but is broader because it encompasses any unclassified skin repair rather than specifically the plastic reconstruction technique implied by "skin-plasty."
171827003 (Woven prosthetic graft to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a procedure class, which aligns with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish graft material type (woven prosthetic vs. autograft vs. allograft), making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
167202006 (Xylose absorption test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)ICHI has no specific code for the D-xylose absorption test; the closest match is the broad "Assessment of digestive functions" (KTE.AA.ZZ), which encompasses any assessment of digestive system function but does not specify the xylose challenge methodology or the small intestinal absorption target.
233374003 (Y graft of abdominal aortic aneurysm - emergency)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA covers open reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and is the best structural match for a Y-graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but it is broader in two ways: it does not specify the bifurcated (Y-graft/aorto-bifemoral) configuration, and ICHI has no mechanism to encode the emergency urgency qualifier.
833324006 (Yttrium aluminum garnet laser vitreolysis)maps to wider conceptBCD.GA.AA (Destruction of vitreous)BCD.GA.AA (Destruction of vitreous) captures the target (vitreous body) and action (destruction/lysis of floaters) but is broader because ICHI does not specify the Nd:YAG laser means — the means axis equivalent for laser is not differentiated from other destructive modalities in this code.
274964005 (Zancolli reconstruction stage 1)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)Zancolli stage 1 is specifically a volar plate capsulorrhaphy of the metacarpophalangeal joints to correct claw hand deformity; MGJ.MK.AA (repair of finger or hand joint) is the closest structural match but is considerably broader, covering any joint repair of the hand without capturing the eponymous technique, the specific pathology, or the staged nature of the procedure.
274965006 (Zancolli reconstruction stage 2)maps to wider conceptMGT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger)Zancolli stage 2 adds a tendon transfer component (typically flexor digitorum superficialis lumbrical replacement) to the capsulorrhaphy performed in stage 1; MGT.LJ.AA captures the dominant operative component of this stage but is far broader, omitting the joint capsule element, the staged context, and the specific technique.
236914009 (Zygote intrafallopian transfer)maps to wider conceptNMC.DH.AB (Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures)NMC.DH.AB is the dedicated ICHI category for reproductive transfer procedures performed on the fallopian tube, which directly encompasses ZIFT; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also covers gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and other fallopian tube transfer techniques, not just zygote-specific transfer.
104629009 (11-deoxycorticosteroids challenge tests)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI contains no specific code for dynamic challenge or provocation testing of adrenocortical steroid precursors; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as a functional assessment of the adrenal cortex, but it is far broader than this specific pharmacological challenge protocol measuring 11-deoxycorticosteroid responses.
104606001 (11-deoxycortisol challenge tests)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)Like the 11-deoxycorticosteroids challenge test, this metyrapone-based provocation test measuring 11-deoxycortisol (compound S) has no specific ICHI counterpart; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available approximation as a generic assessment of endocrine gland function, but it lacks any specificity for the particular steroid intermediate, the pharmacological challenge method, or the adrenocortical axis being evaluated.
764977005 (24 hour radionuclide imaging of whole body using radioisotope labeled human immunoglobulin G)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE directly captures a radioisotope (nuclear) imaging study of the whole body, which is the core of this procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the 24-hour acquisition window or that the radiopharmaceutical used is radiolabeled human immunoglobulin G (IgG); those details are lost in the mapping.
409091002 (24 hour urine measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering measurement of urinary excretory functions, which aligns with 24-hour urine collection and quantitative measurement. It is wider because it does not specify the timed (24-hour) collection method, and the SNOMED concept implies a specimen-collection-and-assay workflow rather than just a functional measurement.
413013000 (24 hour urine screening for urinary stone formation measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ is again the best available fit, as the procedure involves quantitative measurement of urinary excretory analytes (oxalate, calcium, citrate, uric acid, etc.) related to stone-forming risk over 24 hours. The ICHI code is wider because it does not convey the nephrolithiasis-risk screening intent, the timed collection, or the specific analyte panel measured.
108189003 (Abdomen excision)maps to wider conceptPAK.JI.AA (Excision of intra-abdominal lesion)PAK.JI.AA is the closest ICHI match for excision within the abdomen (NOS), but it is scoped to lesion excision rather than being a generic abdomen excision category; the SNOMED concept is a broader grouping that would include organ-specific excisions as well.
108188006 (Abdomen incision)maps to wider conceptPAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy)Laparotomy is the standard ICHI representation of abdominal incision and falls under the "Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified" block. The SNOMED concept is a topographic grouping broader than laparotomy alone (it would include organ-specific incisions), so the equivalence is wider.
62665005 (Abdominal aorta-iliac artery Dacron bypass graft)maps to wider conceptHIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass)HIH.LI.AA captures the abdominal aortic bypass procedure which is the core of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the iliac artery as a second target, nor the specific graft material (Dacron/prosthetic), making the ICHI code broader than the precise SNOMED concept.
119808009 (Abdominal artery closure)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)"Closure" of an abdominal artery maps most closely to occlusion of the abdominal or pelvic artery; however, IEA.LA.AA covers the broader abdominal/pelvic artery category and does not distinguish which specific artery is closed or the precise technique (ligation vs. other), making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
236989008 (Abdominal delivery for shoulder dystocia)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)Abdominal delivery for shoulder dystocia is a caesarean section performed for the specific indication of shoulder dystocia; NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery generally without encoding the indication, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
26993008 (Abdominal esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)KBA.LI.AA represents oesophagostomy in general; the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominal approach specifically, which ICHI does not distinguish, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
234258002 (Abdominal lymph nodes sampling)maps to wider conceptDFF.AD.AA (Biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node)"Lymph nodes sampling" (sentinel or excisional sampling for histological analysis) corresponds closely to a biopsy/partial excision of an abdominal/pelvic lymph node, and DFF.AD.AA is the best ICHI match; however, the ICHI code covers both abdominal and pelvic nodes while the SNOMED concept specifies abdominal only, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
265421003 (Abdominal repair of levator ani muscles)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)ICHI has no dedicated code for repair of the levator ani muscle specifically; PAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum) is the closest available code since the levator ani forms the muscular core of the pelvic floor/perineum, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept which names the levator ani and specifies the abdominal approach.
236996005 (Abdominal uterine fundal massage)maps to wider conceptMCS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of trunk)Uterine fundal massage is a specific postpartum technique applied to the uterine fundus through the abdominal wall to stimulate uterine contraction; no ICHI code exists for uterine massage specifically. MCS.PC.ZZ captures the manual massage action on the trunk/abdominal region but is anatomically and clinically broader, covering any soft tissue trunk massage rather than the targeted uterine fundal procedure.
177251005 (Abdominolipectomy)maps to wider conceptLAB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Abdominolipectomy (surgical removal of excess skin and subcutaneous fat from the abdomen) is a form of partial excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, and LAB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any partial excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue and does not specify the abdominal location or the combined skin-and-fat resection nature of a lipectomy.
1365993007 (Abdominoplasty with plication of anterior rectus sheath)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)This is a more specific variant of abdominoplasty that includes surgical plication (folding/tightening) of the anterior rectus sheath fascia; PAL.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code, as the plication of the rectus sheath is a structural abdominal wall reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader since it does not differentiate this specific combined skin-excision-plus-fascial-plication procedure from other forms of abdominal wall reconstruction.
432422008 (Ablation of cyst of kidney using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any lesion or tissue of the kidney, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's cyst-specific ablation; however, it does not encode the ultrasound guidance (which would be an ICHI extension) nor restrict the target to a cyst, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
446584005 (Ablation of neoplasm of urinary bladder using laser)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AA captures destruction of any lesion or tissue of the bladder, which correctly encompasses neoplasm ablation, but does not encode the laser means (ICHI has no laser-specific bladder destruction code) and is not restricted to neoplasm, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
440619008 (Ablation of ventricular arrhythmogenic focus with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AA covers open (non-percutaneous) ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which aligns with the surgical approach implied by cardiopulmonary bypass in the SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it does not specifically target a ventricular arrhythmogenic focus and does not encode the cardiopulmonary bypass component (a separate ICHI code PSA.DD.AF exists for that, appendable as an extension).
443667004 (Ablative resurfacing of skin of entire face using laser)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI's nearest match is destruction of skin of head or neck (which encompasses the face), but the code does not distinguish laser as the means nor limit the target to the face alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept in both target extent and unspecified means.
443220008 (Ablative resurfacing of skin of eyelid using laser)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)ICHI has a dedicated eyelid destruction code, which correctly captures the anatomical target, but it does not specify laser as the means and its title references "lesion" rather than the whole skin surface, making it broader and slightly inexact relative to ablative laser resurfacing of eyelid skin.
443150005 (Ablative resurfacing of skin of lip using laser)maps to wider conceptKAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lip)ICHI has a dedicated destruction of lip code that correctly captures the anatomical target, but it does not specify laser as the means or distinguish skin surface from deeper lip tissue, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
370883005 (Abuse prevention education)maps to wider conceptVB1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified)Abuse prevention education aligns with the violence-related behaviour education category in ICHI; the unspecified (VB1) code is used because "abuse" spans multiple subtypes (family, child, community violence) and the SNOMED concept does not restrict to one subtype.
370884004 (Abuse prevention management)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VB1 (Interventions on violence-related behaviours)ICHI has no single assignable code for "abuse prevention management" as a programme; the best fit is the violence-related behaviours block, which is broader in scope (covering all violence types and all action modalities). The SNOMED concept is a management programme targeting abuse/violence prevention, and no more precise assignable ICHI category spans that full concept without being residual or lacking a URI.
722482005 (ABVD chemotherapy regimen)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no cancer-specific or regimen-specific chemotherapy codes; the closest assignable code is the generic "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified," which covers any pharmacotherapy delivery. The SNOMED concept refers to a highly specific four-drug cytotoxic regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma, making the ICHI code considerably broader.
1163366004 (Accelerated resolution therapy)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands)Accelerated Resolution Therapy is a specific named psychotherapy technique (using voluntary image replacement and eye movements) primarily targeting trauma and PTSD, which falls within the domain of stress and psychological demands. ICHI's code covers any psychotherapy for stress/psychological demands without capturing the specific ART technique, making it a broader match.
833275006 (Accelerometry)maps to wider conceptPZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement)Accelerometry is the objective measurement of whole-body acceleration/movement using a sensor device, and ICHI has no dedicated code for it. "Whole body measurement" is the closest available code, capturing the general concept of a non-invasive whole-body physical measurement, but it is considerably broader and encompasses many measurement types beyond accelerometry.
229385003 (Accessory mobilization of the ankle)maps to wider conceptMNJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of ankle joint)ICHI's "Mobilisation of ankle joint" is a strong match for the anatomical site and the general intervention type; however, the SNOMED concept specifies "accessory" mobilization (passive joint-play technique) as distinct from physiological mobilization, a distinction ICHI does not make, so the ICHI code is slightly broader.
229424003 (Accessory mobilization of the costal joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for costal joint (costochondral, costovertebral, or sternocostal) mobilisation — the MCB block covers only bone of thoracic cage with no PB.AH entry. MRJ.PB.AH is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified joint rather than specifically the costal joint.
229391001 (Accessory mobilization of the foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe, which encompasses the SNOMED concept of accessory mobilisation of the foot. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it includes toe joints and does not distinguish "accessory" (passive physiological) technique from other mobilisation approaches.
229375004 (Accessory mobilization of the hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of hip joint)MLJ.PB.AH is a precise anatomical match for hip joint mobilisation. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not distinguish "accessory" (passive accessory movement) technique from other mobilisation methods; the means axis AH (external device/manual) does not further differentiate technique subtypes.
229386002 (Accessory mobilization of the inferior tibiofibular joint)maps to wider conceptMNJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of ankle joint)ICHI has no dedicated code for the inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint — XA2K81 identifies it as an extension anatomy code but no PB.AH category exists for it. MNJ.PB.AH is the closest structural match since the distal tibiofibular joint is anatomically part of the ankle complex, but it is broader in that it covers the entire ankle joint rather than specifically the tibiofibular articulation.
229378002 (Accessory mobilization of the knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of knee joint)MMJ.PB.AH is a precise anatomical match for knee joint mobilisation. As with the other mobilisation codes in this set, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not capture the "accessory" (passive accessory movement) technique distinction that the SNOMED concept conveys.
229420007 (Accessory mobilization of the sacroiliac joint)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region)The sacroiliac joint is a joint of the pelvic region, so MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific available ICHI mobilisation code applicable; however, the ICHI code covers all joints of the pelvic region (including the pubic symphysis and hip), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which names only the sacroiliac joint.
229381007 (Accessory mobilization of the superior tibiofibular joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no mobilisation code specific to the tibiofibular joint — the lower leg joint block (MNJ) covers only the ankle joint, and the tibiofibular joint is anatomically distinct. MRJ.PB.AH is the residual "unspecified site" mobilisation category and is the best available fit, though substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
229428000 (Accessory mobilization of the temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of head or neck joint)MAJ.PB.AH is the most specific ICHI mobilisation code for the TMJ area; the TMJ is a joint of the head/neck, but the ICHI code covers all head and neck joints rather than being TMJ-specific, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
107812004 (Accessory sinus destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAE (Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for destruction of a paranasal (accessory) sinus — the closest specific codes cover obliteration of the frontal sinus (JAG.LA.AA) or sinusectomy (JAE.JJ.AA), but neither maps cleanly to a generic "destructive procedure" across all accessory sinuses. The parent block BlockL5-JAE is the broadest reasonable ICHI grouping covering all non-specific paranasal sinus interventions, and is wider than the SNOMED concept.
252172005 (Acid load test)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)The acid load test (ammonium chloride loading with serial urine pH/titratable acid measurement) is a functional test of renal tubular acidification, which falls within measurement of urinary excretory functions; however, NTC.AB.ZZ is substantially broader and covers all urinary excretory function measurements, not specifically the acid load protocol.
252302004 (Acidified glycerol lysis test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)The acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT) is a diagnostic test of red cell membrane fragility used in hereditary spherocytosis screening, which is a test of haematological system function; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best-fitting assignable category but is far broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than this specific osmotic/lysis assay.
726604000 (Acitretin therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Acitretin is an oral systemic retinoid drug therapy; PZA.DB.AC captures oral (per orifice) administration of pharmacotherapy to an unspecified body target, which subsumes acitretin therapy but is far broader, covering any orally administered drug.
48423005 (Acoustic reflex testing)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)Acoustic (stapedial) reflex testing is a specific objective audiological test measuring the stapedius muscle contraction reflex, but ICHI encodes it only at the broader category of "Test of hearing functions" (CTB.AC.ZZ); tympanometry (CBB.AC.AC) is a related but distinct middle-ear measurement, making CTB.AC.ZZ the best available — though wider — fit.
248114003 (Actions to lose weight)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KTN (Interventions on weight maintenance functions)ICHI does not have a single code capturing "actions to lose weight" as a generic concept; the block BlockL5-KTN covers the full range of weight management interventions (counselling, advising, practical support, education), making it the best encompassing match. Individual child codes such as KTN.PP.ZZ or KTN.RB.ZZ are each narrower than the SNOMED concept, so the parent block is the closest broader fit.
234871006 (Activate removable orthodontic appliance spring)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for activating a removable orthodontic spring; KAE.SM.AC covers management of external dental appliances and is the closest structural match within the teeth intervention block. It is broader because it encompasses any external tooth appliance management, not just spring activation on removable orthodontic devices.
241740008 (Active warming of patient)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)PZA.SD.BQ represents warming of central (core) body temperature, which aligns well with the clinical intent of actively warming a patient (e.g., to treat hypothermia), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify that the warming is actively applied by a clinician nor distinguish active from passive warming techniques.
304492001 (Activities of daily living assessment)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self-care broadly, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to ADL assessment; ICHI's "self care" scope (bathing, dressing, toileting) is slightly narrower than the full ADL construct but the ICHI code is the best available match at a wider level of granularity.
370885003 (Activities of daily living management)maps to wider conceptSM1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with self care, unspecified)"ADL management" in clinical practice means facilitating or supporting a patient's ability to perform daily living tasks — this maps most closely to SM1.RB.ZZ (practical support with self care), which is the ICHI action for hands-on assistance/management of self-care activities; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers general self-care support rather than the full ADL domain.
370863009 (Activity care assessment)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)"Activity care assessment" in the SNOMED sense is a clinical evaluation of a patient's ability to perform activities, which aligns with ICHI's SDA.AA.ZZ (assessment of undertaking tasks under the general tasks and demands domain); the ICHI code is wider because "undertaking tasks" is a broader construct than targeted assessment of activity care capacity.
304674000 (Activity of daily living education)maps to wider conceptSM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)"Activity of daily living education" maps well to education about self care in ICHI, as ADL training is a core component of self-care interventions. The ICHI code is slightly broader because "self care" in ICHI encompasses all self-care activities (washing, dressing, toileting, etc.) and is not limited to the educational action alone, though the .PM action axis ("Education") and the self-care target align closely with the SNOMED concept.
430884008 (Activity therapy)maps to wider conceptSZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified)"Activity therapy" is a broad therapeutic modality using purposeful activities (art, music, recreation, ADL) to improve function; ICHI has no dedicated "activity therapy" code, but SZZ.ZZ.ZZ covers unspecified interventions across the entire activities and participation domain, making it the closest available residual code. The ICHI code is broader because it is a catch-all residual covering any unspecified activity/participation intervention, not specifically a therapeutic modality.
231081007 (Acupuncture and allied techniques)maps to wider conceptSP (Acupuncture)ICHI code SP covers acupuncture specifically, but the SNOMED concept "Acupuncture and allied techniques" is broader, encompassing related practices such as moxibustion, dry needling, and acupressure (SB); there is no single ICHI code that groups all these allied techniques together, so SP is the best available match but does not capture the full scope of the SNOMED concept.
231102004 (Acupuncture with electrical stimulation of needle)maps to wider conceptPZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)ICHI represents acupuncture via percutaneous approach (AE means axis = percutaneous), which correctly captures needle insertion, but does not distinguish electrical stimulation from other forms of needle stimulation. The means axis encodes the delivery route rather than the stimulation modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
231101006 (Acupuncture with manual stimulation of needle)maps to wider conceptPZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)ICHI encodes the percutaneous approach but does not distinguish manual needle stimulation from other acupuncture techniques, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
231103009 (Acupuncture with thermal stimulation of needle)maps to wider conceptPZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)Thermal stimulation of the needle (e.g., warm needling or electrothermal acupuncture) is a distinct modality from moxibustion (PZX.SQ.AH, which applies heat externally without inserting a needle), so the percutaneous acupuncture code is the best fit, but it remains broader as the stimulation type is not captured.
722334000 (Adalimumab therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Adalimumab is a specific biologic (TNF-alpha inhibitor) administered subcutaneously, but ICHI has no drug-specific codes; UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest available concept and is considerably broader, covering all medication provision regardless of drug class or route.
6622009 (Add clasp to existing partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Adding a clasp to an existing partial denture is a specific modification of a removable dental prosthesis; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) covers management/adjustment of external dental appliances and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader than the specific act of adding a clasp retainer.
119953007 (Adenoid incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)ICHI contains no specific code for incision of the adenoid (the DAB block lacks a .FA incision category, unlike the tonsil block which has DAA.FA.AC); the parent block BlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid) is assigned as the best available approximation, though it is considerably broader.
234868003 (Adjust fixed functional appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of external dental appliances at the tooth level, which encompasses a fixed functional appliance adjustment. However, it is broader than this SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to fixed or functional appliance types specifically.
816981005 (Adjust fixed orthodontic expansion appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management/adjustment of external dental appliances on teeth; it does not distinguish orthodontic expansion appliances specifically, making it broader than this narrowly defined SNOMED concept.
816983008 (Adjust fixed retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of external appliances at the tooth level and is the best available ICHI match for retainer adjustment, but it is broader because it does not specify fixed retainers or the adjustment action type.
234830000 (Adjust intraoral appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest ICHI code for intraoral appliance adjustment, capturing management of external dental appliances at the tooth level; it is broader because it does not specify the intraoral scope or adjustment action and could include appliances other than those classified as intraoral.
234860005 (Adjust orthodontic archwire)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management/adjustment of any external dental appliance, which includes orthodontic archwires; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all external tooth appliances, not specifically to orthodontic archwire adjustment.
1269404007 (Adjustment of clinical plan to accommodate social risk)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning — whole person) is the closest ICHI match for modifying a clinical plan based on a patient's social circumstances; it is broader because it covers all individualised planning activities and does not specifically encode the social risk dimension or the concept of adjusting an existing plan.
286560000 (Adjustment of implant)maps to wider conceptSN (Management of internal device)ICHI's "Management of internal device" (action axis SN) is the closest conceptual match for generic implant adjustment, but it is broader — it covers all management of internal devices across any body site and includes activities beyond mere adjustment. No body-system-specific "adjustment of implant" category exists at the general level in ICHI; only site-specific examples like KBF.SN.AA (stomach) exist.
302613003 (Adjustment of implanted antireflux prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus)An implanted antireflux prosthesis (e.g. a magnetic sphincter augmentation device or similar) sits at the gastro-oesophageal junction and is classified under oesophageal interventions in ICHI. KBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus) is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers all oesophageal internal-device management, not specifically antireflux prosthesis adjustment.
22895003 (Adjustment of lid position)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI's eyelid block (BlockL5-BAA) contains no dedicated code for lid position adjustment (covering ptosis correction, ectropion/entropion repair, etc.); BAA.MK.AA "Repair of eyelid" is the nearest available category and subsumes eyelid positional corrections, but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
440510003 (Adjustment of special footwear)maps to wider conceptUAD.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living)"Adjustment of special footwear" is a modification/alteration of an assistive product used in daily living; UAD.KB.ZZ captures this category of intervention but is considerably broader, covering any change to daily-living products. No ICHI code specific to therapeutic footwear adjustment or orthotic modification exists — "Therapeutic footwear" appears only as an extension/modifier concept, not as an assignable intervention code.
1354567001 (Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)An aqueous drainage device (e.g., Ahmed or Baerveldt glaucoma implant) resides in or communicates with the anterior chamber of the eye, and adjusting its stent suture is a form of managing that internal device. BBE.SN.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it covers any management of an anterior-chamber device and does not distinguish the specific suture-adjustment technique.
172421008 (Adjustment to corneal suture)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)Adjusting a corneal suture (e.g., tightening or rotating a suture after keratoplasty to correct astigmatism) is an intervention on the cornea that falls under the general concept of corneal repair; BBB.MK.AA is the closest assignable code but is substantially broader, encompassing all forms of corneal repair rather than the specific act of suture adjustment.
450863009 (Adjustment to extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)"Adjustment to extraocular muscle" refers to a post-operative suture adjustment procedure (typically after strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures) which is an intervention on an extraocular muscle; BDA.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any repair of an extraocular muscle rather than the specific adjustable-suture technique.
1259201000 (Adjuvant drug therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to adjuvant drug therapy (i.e., supplementary systemic treatment given alongside primary therapy, typically in oncology); PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying route, which is broader and does not capture the adjuvant (supportive/supplementary) intent of the SNOMED concept.
1269401004 (Administration of adrenergic receptor agonist)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to adrenergic receptor agonists or any sympathomimetic drug class; the closest available code is PZA.DB.AZ, which covers pharmacotherapy administration without specifying route or drug type. This is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular pharmacological class.
116865006 (Administration of albumin)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI has no code specific to albumin infusion; albumin is a blood-derived plasma protein, making DIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products) the closest structural match within the haematopoietic/blood interventions block. The ICHI code is broader, covering all blood and blood products, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to albumin specifically.
52685006 (Administration of analgesic)maps to wider concept??.DB.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy for pain, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does have pain-specific pharmacotherapy codes under the pain target block (AXA), but each is tied to a specific route (oral, intravenous, percutaneous, transdermal); the residual code "Pharmacotherapy for pain, NEC" best captures the general concept of analgesic administration regardless of route. The ICHI code is still broader since it encompasses any pain pharmacotherapy rather than a specific drug class.
47943005 (Administration of anti-infective agent)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no codes for administration of anti-infective, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agents; the only comparable codes are the immunological agent administration series (DTB.DB.*), which are specifically scoped to immunomodulators and vaccines, not anti-infectives. PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the least-specific fallback and is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
67329000 (Administration of antidote)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code for antidote administration specifically; PZA.DB.AZ covers drug administration to the whole body without specifying drug class or route, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to antidotes.
736701009 (Administration of antipruritic)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no antipruritic-specific administration code; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code but is considerably broader, encompassing any drug rather than the antipruritic drug class specifically.
709541000 (Administration of antipyretic)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)No antipyretic-specific administration code exists in ICHI; PZA.DB.AZ covers general pharmacotherapy administration without specifying drug class or route, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
27513008 (Administration of antitoxin)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI lacks a specific antitoxin administration code; PZA.DB.AZ is the best available generic match covering pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body, but does not capture the antitoxin-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
735998009 (Administration of bisoprolol)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no drug-specific codes; bisoprolol (a beta-blocker typically given orally) maps to the generic pharmacotherapy administration code, which is broader as it covers all drugs and all unspecified routes rather than oral administration of one specific agent.
1335765007 (Administration of carbon dioxide via inhalation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI has no specific code for carbon dioxide inhalation; the closest match is administration of a substance per orifice (which covers inhalational routes), but this code is broader as it encompasses all substances given via any body orifice and does not specify carbon dioxide or inhalation specifically.
735999001 (Administration of carvedilol)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no drug-specific codes; carvedilol (a beta-blocker/alpha-blocker typically given orally) maps to the generic unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration code, which is broader as it covers all drugs regardless of route.
5326009 (Administration of dermatologic formulation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)Topical application of pharmacotherapy is the best available ICHI match for administration of a dermatologic formulation, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers all topical pharmacotherapy to the whole body rather than specifically dermatologic preparations applied to skin.
444635008 (Administration of Digitalis)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for digitalis (cardiac glycoside) administration. PZA.DB.AZ is the broadest whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code with unspecified route, which covers the act of administering a drug systemically but is far broader, applying to any pharmacotherapy rather than digitalis specifically.
764863008 (Administration of dipyridamole)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no code specific to dipyridamole (an antiplatelet/vasodilator agent); DTA.DB.AE (injection of anticoagulant) was considered but dipyridamole is not an anticoagulant and its route is unspecified here. PZA.DB.AZ captures the general act of administering a systemic pharmacotherapy with unspecified route, which is the best available match despite being much broader.
386351006 (Administration of drug or medicament via enteral tube)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI has no dedicated code for enteral tube drug administration specifically; PZA.DB.AC ("per orifice") is the closest match as enteral tube delivery (nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunal) delivers medication through a body orifice or artificial opening into the GI tract, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all per-orifice pharmacotherapy routes.
386352004 (Administration of drug or medicament via epidural route)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ICHI contains no code specifically for epidural drug administration; ABG.DB.AE (injection into spinal canal) is the best available match as the epidural space is within the spinal canal and the act is a percutaneous injection into that space, though the ICHI code is broader (encompassing intrathecal and other spinal canal injections, not just epidural) and does not specify the drug substance administered.
433205004 (Administration of drug or medicament via intrapleural route)maps to wider conceptJCH.DB.AD (Injection into thoracic cavity)ICHI codes this at the level of the thoracic cavity rather than the pleural space specifically, making the ICHI code broader; the intrapleural route is a subset of thoracic cavity injection and no pleural-specific drug instillation code exists in ICHI.
386359008 (Administration of drug or medicament via oral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)The oral route is the canonical example of per-orifice drug administration, but the ICHI code also encompasses other orifice routes (e.g., rectal, vaginal, nasal), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies oral only.
386350007 (Administration of drug or medicament via otic route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Otic (ear canal) drug administration is a per-orifice route and maps to the same ICHI code as other orifice routes; no otic-specific pharmacotherapy delivery code exists in ICHI, so the per-orifice code is the best available match though broader.
1217003001 (Administration of estrogen receptor antagonist therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for hormone antagonist or antiestrogen therapy; PZA.DB.AZ represents generic systemic pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route, which is broader than the specific drug class (estrogen receptor antagonist) captured by the SNOMED concept.
572211000119108 (Administration of heat treated rabies immune globulin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Rabies immune globulin (HRIG) is typically administered intramuscularly (a percutaneous route), making DTB.DB.AE the closest route-matched code; however, the ICHI code covers all immunological agents administered percutaneously and does not capture the specificity of rabies-targeted passive immunisation with a heat-treated product.
65541007 (Administration of hormone)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no dedicated code for hormone administration; hormones are pharmacological agents and PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route unspecified) is the broadest available category covering systemic drug administration, though it encompasses all pharmacotherapy far beyond hormones specifically.
870534008 (Administration of human anti-D immunoglobulin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rh immune globulin) is an immunological agent typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly; DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of any immunological agent but does not specify the anti-D product or the Rh prophylaxis indication, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
830155008 (Administration of hyperthermic antineoplastic agent into peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.BQ (Hyperthermic administration of pharmacotherapy)PZA.DB.BQ specifically captures the hyperthermic modality of pharmacotherapy delivery, which is the defining feature of HIPEC, but its target is coded as "whole body" rather than the peritoneal cavity specifically; the SNOMED concept is more anatomically precise (intraperitoneal route) so the ICHI code is broader.
830156009 (Administration of hyperthermic antineoplastic agent into thoracic cavity)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.BQ (Hyperthermic administration of pharmacotherapy)As with the peritoneal cavity variant, PZA.DB.BQ is the only ICHI code that captures hyperthermic pharmacotherapy delivery, but it classifies the target as whole body rather than the thoracic cavity specifically; the SNOMED concept is more anatomically precise so the ICHI code is broader.
16292691000119104 (Administration of intramuscular inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)ICHI does not have a code specific to Japanese encephalitis vaccine or to intramuscular vaccination; DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination) is the best fit since intramuscular injection is a percutaneous route in ICHI's means axis, but the code covers all percutaneous vaccinations regardless of antigen, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
880063008 (Administration of intranasal sedation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI has no code specific to intranasal route or sedation as a drug class; PZA.DB.AC covers administration of pharmacotherapy via any orifice (including nasal), making it the closest structural match, though it is broader — covering all drugs given per any orifice, not sedatives specifically via the nasal route.
225948006 (Administration of laxative)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Laxatives are most commonly administered orally (per orifice) or rectally (also per orifice); ICHI has no dedicated code for laxative administration, and PZA.DB.AC is the best structural fit, though it covers all drugs given per any orifice rather than laxatives specifically.
416188006 (Administration of muscle relaxant)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Muscle relaxants are a specific class of pharmacotherapy, but ICHI has no code for this drug class specifically. PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration at an unspecified route, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the drug class (muscle relaxant) without specifying route.
736001000 (Administration of nebivolol)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Nebivolol (a beta-1 selective blocker) is a single named drug and ICHI does not code at individual drug level. PZA.DB.AZ for unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration is the closest available match, but is substantially broader than this SNOMED concept for a specific agent.
709542007 (Administration of nutritional supplement)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)PZA.DA.ZZ covers administration of nutritional requirements where the specific means is not classified elsewhere, which broadly encompasses nutritional supplementation but is not specific to the concept of a discrete supplement product; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all forms of unclassified nutritional administration.
182929008 (Administration of prophylactic drug or medicament)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy to the whole body with no specified route, which broadly matches drug/medicament administration, but ICHI does not capture the prophylactic (preventive) intent specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code wider in scope.
266715005 (Administration of prophylactic steroid)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Steroid (corticosteroid) administration is a form of pharmacotherapy and PZA.DB.AZ is the closest available ICHI code, but it is much broader — covering all pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class or indication — and does not encode the prophylactic intent or the specific drug class.
572391000119109 (Administration of rabies vaccine via intramuscular route)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination) covers vaccination delivered via a percutaneous route, which includes intramuscular injection, but the ICHI code does not specify the antigen (rabies), making it broader; it is nonetheless the best available match as vaccines are immunological agents and the route (percutaneous/IM) aligns.
439792001 (Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intraarticular route)maps to wider conceptMRJ.DB.AE (Injection into joint of unspecified site)MRJ.DB.AE covers injection of any substance into a joint at an unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept in two dimensions: it does not specify the substance as a radiopharmaceutical, and it does not restrict to a particular joint. No ICHI code exists that combines a radiopharmaceutical agent with an intraarticular route; this is the closest structural match (intraarticular administration via percutaneous injection, AE means).
439852005 (Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intracavitary route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for intracavitary radiopharmaceutical administration; the intracavitary route (e.g. pleural, peritoneal, bladder) is not captured by a single cross-cutting code because it depends on the target cavity. PZA.DB.AZ represents non-specific pharmacotherapy administration and is the broadest pharmacotherapy administration code, covering the intent of delivering a pharmacological/therapeutic agent when no route-specific or substance-specific code applies — it is significantly wider than the SNOMED concept.
439851003 (Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intravenous route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have a code for intravenous administration of a radiopharmaceutical specifically; while PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous) and PZA.DB.AF (percutaneous transluminal) exist and the .AF means axis covers IV-like routes, none explicitly encodes intravenous radiopharmaceutical delivery. PZA.DB.AZ is the best available catch-all for pharmacotherapy administration where the exact route or substance is not classified elsewhere, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1264372005 (Administration of radioprotective agent)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for radioprotective agents (cytoprotective drugs given before/during radiation to protect normal tissue); the closest concept is generic pharmacotherapy administration. PZA.DB.AZ is the most appropriate match as it covers administration of a pharmacological agent without specifying substance class or route, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
169406002 (Administration of radiosensitizing drug)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not classify radiosensitizers (drugs that enhance tumour sensitivity to radiation) as a distinct intervention category; there is no code distinguishing the purpose or class of the pharmacological agent. PZA.DB.AZ represents the closest available generic pharmacotherapy administration code, and is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the substance class (radiosensitizer) and clinical intent.
117089007 (Administration of Respiratory Syncytial virus immune globulin, human)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)RSV immune globulin (RSV-IVIG) is an immunoglobulin preparation given intravenously, which falls squarely within "intravenous administration of immunological agent." The ICHI code is broader because it covers all immunological agents given IV, not specifically RSV-IVIG.
1179729003 (Administration of sarilumab)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Sarilumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection, classifying it as an immunological agent; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all percutaneous immunological agent administrations regardless of the specific drug or indication.
105409009 (Administration of spiritual profile test)maps to wider conceptSXH.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in religion and spirituality)A spiritual profile test is a standardised instrument for assessing a patient's spiritual/religious dimension, which corresponds well to "test of engaging in religion and spirituality" in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any such test, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to administering a profiling instrument.
1255539004 (Administration of strontium ranelate)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Strontium ranelate is an oral drug for osteoporosis, but ICHI has no code for this specific agent or even for oral administration of musculoskeletal pharmacotherapy at the whole-body level. PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code, but it is broader as it captures no specifics about the agent, route, or indication.
431952007 (Administration of substance via buccal route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)The buccal route delivers a substance through the mucosal lining of the mouth — an orifice — which aligns with PZA.DB.AC "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice." However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any orifice (oral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, etc.) and is not restricted to the buccal route specifically.
433066006 (Administration of substance via sublingual route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)The sublingual route places a substance under the tongue for absorption through oral mucosa, which falls under administration per orifice. As with the buccal concept, PZA.DB.AC is broader since it is not specific to the sublingual route and covers all orifice-based administration.
432907007 (Administration of substance via urethral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Urethral drug administration (e.g., instillation of medication into the urethra) uses an orifice as the route of delivery, fitting under PZA.DB.AC "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice." No ICHI code specific to urethral instillation of a therapeutic substance exists; the urethra-specific codes in the NAM block are surgical interventions, not drug delivery.
1179723002 (Administration of tocilizumab)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor inhibitor (a biological/immunological agent) most commonly administered intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF a reasonable match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given IV and does not specify the drug, route alternative (subcutaneous tocilizumab), or indication.
572431000119104 (Administration of typhoid VI capsular polysaccharide vaccine via intramuscular route)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)Intramuscular injection is classified under the percutaneous (AE) means axis in ICHI, making DTB.VD.AE the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any percutaneous vaccination regardless of specific vaccine antigen (typhoid Vi polysaccharide) or precise route (intramuscular vs. other percutaneous routes).
709543002 (Administration of vitamin)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for vitamin administration; vitamins fall under nutritional substances, and PZA.DA.ZZ is the broadest catch-all for administering nutritional requirements when no more specific code applies, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to vitamins.
1285294004 (Administration via gastroenteral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the gastroenteral (enteric tube/nasogastric) route specifically; PZA.DB.AC covers administration per orifice (oral, nasogastric, gastrostomy, etc.) and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the gastroenteral route regardless of substance type, while this ICHI code is also restricted to pharmacotherapy.
1285247007 (Administration via oral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)PZA.DB.AC covers administration via any body orifice (oral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, etc.), while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the oral route. The ICHI means axis code AC is defined as "Per orifice," making this code broader than the oral-only SNOMED concept.
1285254001 (Administration via subcutaneous route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)PZA.DB.AE covers all percutaneous administration of pharmacotherapy, which includes subcutaneous, intradermal, and intramuscular routes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the subcutaneous route only.
305270007 (Admission by clinical physiologist)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI has no concept of hospital admission differentiated by the admitting clinician's specialty. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) captures the administrative act of directing a patient to a health provider, but is broader because it does not specify the admitting professional type (clinical physiologist) or that the act constitutes a formal inpatient admission.
305324002 (Admission by community-based midwife)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI has no code for admission specifically by a community-based midwife. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the closest match as it represents the act of routing a patient to a health provider, but does not capture the midwifery or community-based context.
305271006 (Admission by dermatologist)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI does not distinguish admissions by clinician specialty. UEP.TI.ZZ covers the general act of referral to a health provider but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a dermatologist as the admitting clinician.
305272004 (Admission by endocrinologist)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)No ICHI code exists for specialty-specific admission. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the nearest administrative equivalent but lacks the specificity of the SNOMED concept, which identifies the admitting clinician as an endocrinologist.
305328004 (Admission by enrolled nurse)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI has no mechanism to represent admissions by nursing grade or role. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) covers the general patient-to-provider routing act but is broader, omitting the enrolled nurse role specified in the SNOMED concept.
305230000 (Admission by GP)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral/admission to a health provider in general, but does not specify that the admitting clinician is a GP. ICHI has no axis for the type of referring/admitting clinician, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
305325001 (Admission by hospital-based midwife)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral/admission to a health provider generically; it cannot encode that the admitting clinician is a hospital-based midwife, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
305277005 (Admission by infectious diseases physician)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ represents a generic referral/admission action with no capacity to specify the infectious diseases specialty of the admitting physician, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
305240002 (Admission by intensive care specialist)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ covers admission/referral to a health provider in general; ICHI does not encode the admitting clinician's specialty (intensive care), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
305278000 (Admission by medical ophthalmologist)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ represents a generic referral/admission without encoding that the admitting clinician is a medical ophthalmologist; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
372079001 (Adrenal imaging)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBC (Interventions on adrenal gland)ICHI provides only modality-specific adrenal imaging codes (EBC.BA.BB angiography, EBC.BA.BE nuclear imaging) with no generic "adrenal imaging" category; the parent block BlockL5-EBC covers all adrenal interventions and is broader than imaging alone, making it the closest grouping available but still wider than the SNOMED concept.
423895006 (Adult admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) captures the assessment nature of an admission evaluation, but is broader — it does not specify the inpatient admission context, the adult population, or the structured multi-domain scope typical of an admission assessment.
424074007 (Adult rehabilitation admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses the concept of a structured admission assessment in a rehabilitation setting, but is broader in that it is not specific to rehabilitation contexts or the admission phase of care. No ICHI code captures the rehabilitation-specific or admission-specific dimensions of this SNOMED concept.
424505000 (Adult rehabilitation continuous assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for an ongoing whole-person assessment in a rehabilitation context, but is broader as it does not distinguish between admission and continuous/ongoing assessment phases, nor is it scoped to rehabilitation specifically.
171302002 (Adult screening)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Adult screening" in SNOMED refers to a preventive health screening encounter for adults; the closest ICHI concept is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which is broader as it covers any health assessment and is not restricted to screening or to adults.
185655002 (Adult screening - first recall)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A first-recall screening visit (repeat invitation following an initial screen) is a follow-up screening encounter; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available approximation as a whole-person health assessment, though it does not capture the recall/follow-up or screening-specific nature of the visit. ICHI has no concept for screening recall.
185656001 (Adult screening - second recall)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Identical reasoning to the first recall: a second-recall screening encounter has no direct ICHI equivalent, and PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available approximation, covering the whole-person assessment encounter but lacking the recall sequence and screening-programme specificity of the SNOMED concept.
185657005 (Adult screening - third recall)maps to wider conceptVDB.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on screening behaviours, unspecified)The SNOMED concept refers to a specific administrative act — a third recall notification to an adult for a screening programme — which has no dedicated ICHI code. VDB.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on screening behaviours, unspecified) is the closest available code in the screening behaviours block, but is broader as it encompasses any unspecified action related to screening behaviour rather than the specific recall-notification step.
713603004 (Advance care planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Advance care planning is a process of documenting a person's future healthcare preferences and goals; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) under "Interventions on whole person" is the best available match, but it is broader — it covers any individualised care plan, not specifically end-of-life or advance directive planning.
422972009 (Advance diet as tolerated)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)"Advance diet as tolerated" is a clinician order to progressively liberalise a patient's diet according to their tolerance; the closest ICHI concept is UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food), which captures the prescriptive/ordering nature of the act, but is broader since it does not encode the progressive or tolerance-dependent character of the intervention.
410152005 (Advanced practice nursing care assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)This SNOMED concept specifies an assessment performed by an advanced practice nurse, implying a comprehensive, clinician-level evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) under "Interventions on whole person" captures the comprehensive nature of the assessment but is broader because ICHI does not encode the practitioner type (advanced practice nurse) or the clinical discipline performing the intervention.
373352000 (Advancement of eyelid muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.LK.AA (Advancement of extraocular muscle)ICHI has a code specifically for advancement of extraocular muscle, which is the same procedure and same action (LK = advancement/lengthening). However, BDA.LK.AA refers to extraocular muscles broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies eyelid muscle (e.g., levator palpebrae), making ICHI slightly broader in anatomical scope.
234654007 (Advancement of mucosa of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)ICHI has no code for mucosal advancement of the lip specifically; KAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip) is the nearest assignable category covering surgical correction of lip tissue, under which a mucosal advancement flap would typically be coded. The ICHI code is broader, covering all lip repair techniques rather than the specific advancement of mucosa.
264581005 (Advancement of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)Advancement of the vagina is a reconstructive procedure that repositions vaginal tissue, which falls within vaginal reconstruction; however, NMH.ML.AC is a residual "other" reconstruction code that is broader than the specific advancement technique, making it a wider match.
22144002 (Aerosol or vapor inhalation for sputum induction for diagnostic purposes)maps to wider conceptJBB.AH.XC (Specimen collection of sputum)JBB.AH.XC captures the outcome (sputum specimen collection from the bronchial/lower respiratory tract target) and the diagnostic purpose, but does not encode the specific technique of aerosol or vapour inhalation used to induce sputum production, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
288834001 (Agreeing on care plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)ICHI's "Individualised planning" (planning action TB on the whole person PZB) is the closest match — it covers the creation of a person-centred health plan. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically captures the shared agreement/negotiation aspect of establishing a care plan with a patient.
425649004 (Alar reconstruction with cartilage graft)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)The SNOMED concept describes a specific sub-procedure — reconstruction of the nasal ala using a cartilage graft — which ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity. "Reconstruction of nose" (JAA.ML.AA) is the best available match but is broader, covering all nasal reconstructions regardless of site or graft material.
720175009 (Alcohol harm reduction program)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VAA (Interventions on alcohol use behaviours)ICHI has no single code corresponding specifically to a "harm reduction program" for alcohol; the closest match is the block BlockL4-VAA which covers all interventions targeting alcohol use behaviours. A harm reduction program is a multi-component intervention spanning several VAA.* codes (e.g., counselling, training, provision of goods, advising), so the block as a whole is wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
707166002 (Alcohol reduction program)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VAA (Interventions on alcohol use behaviours)An alcohol reduction program is a structured multi-component intervention; ICHI does not have a single code for a reduction program but the block BlockL4-VAA encompasses all intervention types targeting alcohol use behaviours, making it a broader but best-fitting match.
720176005 (Alcohol relapse prevention program)maps to wider conceptVAA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours)Alcohol relapse prevention programs typically involve structured psychotherapeutic interventions targeting alcohol use behaviours, which aligns well with VAA.PQ.ZZ. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours, not specifically relapse prevention programs, and a program would also likely involve elements like counselling (VAA.PP.ZZ) and training (VAA.PH.ZZ) not captured in a single code.
252174006 (Aldosterone stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)An aldosterone stimulation test is a functional provocation test of the adrenal cortex (an endocrine gland), making ETK.AA.ZZ the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is substantially broader, covering assessment of any endocrine gland function rather than this specific hormone stimulation protocol.
252173000 (Aldosterone suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)An aldosterone suppression test is likewise a functional evaluation of adrenal cortical (endocrine gland) secretory capacity, mapping to the same broad ICHI assessment code ETK.AA.ZZ. ICHI does not distinguish between stimulation and suppression variants, nor does it have codes at the level of individual hormones.
876850004 (Alexander technique)maps to wider conceptPZB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercises for the whole person)The Alexander technique is a somatic education method focused on improving postural habits, movement patterns, and neuromuscular coordination through guided practice — most closely approximated in ICHI by PZB.PG.ZZ (assisting and leading exercises for the whole person). The ICHI code is broader and does not capture the specific pedagogical and sensorimotor re-education nature of the Alexander technique.
385799004 (Allergic reaction control assessment)maps to wider conceptDTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of immunological system functions)DTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses evaluating allergic reaction control; the ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to allergic reactions and does not distinguish "control" monitoring from any other immunological assessment.
58332002 (Allergy education)maps to wider conceptDTB.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no allergy-specific education code; DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about the immunological system broadly, which encompasses allergy as an immunological dysfunction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on allergy education.
116372002 (Allogeneic bone graft)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI captures the bone grafting procedure but does not encode graft origin (allogeneic/autologous/xenogeneic) as a distinguishing axis, so the best available code is the unspecified-site bone graft, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying both an allogeneic source and an unspecified anatomical site.
232973007 (Allotransplant of heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.KD.AA (Heart transplantation)ICHI's Heart transplantation code captures the procedure precisely but does not distinguish graft origin (allograft vs. other), so it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an allogeneic donor; in clinical practice virtually all heart transplants are allotransplants, making this a very close but technically wider match.
174802006 (Allotransplant of heart and lung)maps to wider conceptPSA.KD.AA (Heart-lung transplantation)Heart-lung transplantation in ICHI precisely captures the combined organ procedure but does not encode the allogeneic donor qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept; otherwise the procedural content is an exact match.
173278008 (Allotransplantation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.KD.AC (Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud)KAE.KD.AC covers transplantation of a tooth or tooth bud without distinguishing donor type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes allotransplantation; ICHI does not encode this donor-type distinction, making the ICHI code broader.
734489005 (Altered auditory feedback)maps to wider conceptJUF.PH.ZZ (Training of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)Altered auditory feedback (AAF) is a specific technique used primarily to improve speech fluency in people who stutter, which maps most closely to training fluency and rhythm of speech functions. JUF.PH.ZZ is broader because it covers the therapeutic goal without specifying the AAF technique.
225286008 (Alternating the patient's position)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)"Alternating the patient's position" is a specific nursing intervention of repeatedly repositioning a patient, while SHA.RA.ZZ covers the broader act of performing the task of changing body position; ICHI does not distinguish repetitive/scheduled alternating from a single change.
1156669008 (Ambrisentan therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Ambrisentan is an oral endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension; there is no ICHI code for this specific drug or its pharmacological class, so UAC.RD.ZZ is the broadest applicable code covering the act of dispensing/administering a medication.
370873006 (Ambulation therapy management)maps to wider conceptSJA.PH.ZZ (Training in walking)"Training in walking" is the closest ICHI code for ambulation therapy. However, SNOMED's "ambulation therapy management" is broader — it encompasses clinical oversight, goal-setting, and coordination of the walking/mobility programme, whereas ICHI's code focuses specifically on the training action itself.
252244008 (Amino acid consumption test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)An amino acid consumption test is a specific provocation test where a defined amino acid load is administered and the metabolic response is measured. ICHI's "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified" is the best available code, but it is broader as it covers any unspecified provocation test.
437481000124109 (Amino acid modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)An amino acid modified diet is a clinically prescribed, specialised dietary intervention, making "Prescription of food" the most appropriate ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any food prescription rather than specifically a diet modified in amino acid composition.
717855001 (Amiodarone therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)Amiodarone is a specific antiarrhythmic drug; its therapeutic use is best represented in ICHI by "Pharmacotherapy prescription" — the act of prescribing a pharmaceutical agent. The ICHI code is broader, covering prescription of any pharmacotherapy rather than the specific antiarrhythmic drug management.
236956008 (Amnioinfusion)maps to wider conceptNMM.DB.AE (Injection or infusion into amnion)NMM.DB.AE covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of route, while the more specific code NMM.DB.AC restricts to the transcervical approach only; since SNOMED's "Amnioinfusion" is route-unspecified, the broader NMM.DB.AE is the better fit, though slightly wider by also encompassing injections.
168115006 (Amniotic fetal cell study)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.XE (Fluid specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord)An amniotic fetal cell study is performed on fluid obtained by amniocentesis; NMM.AH.XE captures the specimen collection step but does not encode the downstream cytogenetic/cell analysis component, making it broader in procedure scope and missing the study/analysis element.
168083008 (Amniotic fluid examination)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.XE (Fluid specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord)NMM.AH.XE represents the collection of amniotic fluid, which is a prerequisite for examination, but the ICHI code does not capture the analytical/examination component of the procedure; the ICHI code is therefore wider than (and only partially covers) the SNOMED concept.
180086006 (Amputation of duplicate thumb)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)ICHI does not have a specific code for removal of a duplicate (supernumerary) thumb; MGB.JN.AA captures the anatomical site and the amputation action, but is broader as it does not specify the duplicate/supernumerary nature of the thumb.
239589000 (Amputation of finger through distal phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)ICHI has a single amputation code covering any bone of the hand or finger and does not subdivide by phalanx level; the SNOMED concept is more specific (distal phalanx), so the ICHI code is broader.
239587003 (Amputation of finger through middle phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)ICHI does not distinguish amputation level within the finger; "Amputation of bone of hand or finger" covers all finger amputations regardless of phalanx level, so the ICHI code is broader.
239585006 (Amputation of finger through proximal phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)ICHI provides only a single finger/hand bone amputation code without distinguishing the proximal phalanx level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
397117006 (Amputation of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JN.AA (Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes lower limb amputations at a specific anatomical level (above knee, below knee) but has no single generic "lower limb amputation" code; the residual NEC code MZZ.JN.AA is the best available match for an unspecified-level lower limb amputation, though broader in scope.
180016001 (Amputation of phalanx of finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JN.AA covers amputation of any bone of the hand or finger (including metacarpals and thumb phalanges), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the phalanx of a (non-thumb) finger; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
239580001 (Amputation of thumb through distal phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)There is no thumb-specific or phalanx-level-specific amputation code in ICHI; MGB.JN.AA is the best available match covering amputation of any bone of the hand or finger, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
239578007 (Amputation of thumb through proximal phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no thumb-specific or level-specific phalanx amputation code; MGB.JN.AA covers all bone amputations of the hand or finger and is broader than this SNOMED concept.
180018000 (Amputation through phalanx of finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JN.AA is the closest ICHI code for trans-osseous finger amputation but covers all bones of the hand and finger (not just phalanges of non-thumb fingers), making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
79648003 (Anal cryptectomy)maps to wider conceptKBX.JI.AC (Transanal local excision of anal lesion)Anal cryptectomy is the local excision of one or more crypts of Morgagni, which fits the concept of transanal local excision of an anal structure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any anal lesion, not specifically to crypts.
61902006 (Anal pectenotomy)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)Pectenotomy is an incision through the pecten band at the dentate line to relieve anal stenosis, which falls within the ICHI concept of incision of anus and perianal tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any incisional procedure on the anus rather than the specific pecten structure.
359941005 (Anal sphincterorrhaphy for obstetrical laceration)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus broadly, which captures the sphincterorrhaphy (suture repair of the sphincter); however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific target of the anal sphincter muscle from the anus generally, nor does it encode the obstetric laceration context.
89770003 (Anal sphincterotomy)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)KBX.FA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for anal sphincterotomy, as sphincterotomy is an incision into the sphincter; however, ICHI does not offer a code specifically targeting the anal sphincter muscle (as opposed to general anal/perianal tissue), making the match wider than the precise SNOMED concept.
241715001 (Analgesic technique)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain)The SNOMED concept "Analgesic technique" is a broad category encompassing all methods of pain relief; the ICHI block "Interventions on pain" is the corresponding organisational grouping that spans assessment, pharmacological administration, physical, and psychological interventions for pain.
4520009 (Anastomosis of esophagus, antesternal or antethoracic, with insertion of prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of oesophagus)KBA.LB.AA covers oesophageal anastomosis in general, but the SNOMED concept specifies two additional elements — the antesternal/antethoracic routing and the concurrent insertion of a prosthesis — neither of which is represented in the ICHI code.
233371006 (Anastomosis of intracranial vasculature)maps to wider conceptIAA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intracranial artery)IAA.LB.AA covers anastomosis of the intracranial artery specifically, while the SNOMED concept refers to intracranial vasculature more broadly (which could include veins and other vessels in addition to arteries). The ICHI code is therefore narrower in target scope, making the mapping wider from SNOMED's perspective.
303566003 (Anastomosis of pharynx to stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)There is no ICHI code for pharynx-to-stomach anastomosis specifically; KBF.LB.AA (gastric anastomosis) is the closest available code, as it represents an anastomosis at/involving the stomach. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the pharynx as the source of the anastomosis.
1338030001 (Anastrozole therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)ICHI has no code specific to anastrozole or aromatase inhibitor therapy; UAC.RD.ZZ (providing medications) is the closest code in the medicaments block, but it is far broader than the SNOMED concept which identifies a specific drug therapy.
410322005 (Anatomy/physiology case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)ICHI's "Case coordination" under "Interventions on whole person" is the closest match for a case management activity, but it is broader — it does not capture the specific educational/informational focus on anatomy or physiology that the SNOMED concept implies.
1259982004 (Anchoring of aortic endovascular stent graft to vessel wall using endovascular stent graft anchoring system)maps to wider conceptHIH.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta)The nearest assignable ICHI code covers stent insertion into the abdominal aorta via percutaneous transluminal approach, the most likely site for an aortic (non-thoracic) endovascular stent graft procedure, but ICHI does not distinguish anchoring/fixation of an endovascular graft as a separate specific action.
1259983009 (Anchoring of thoracic aortic endovascular stent graft to vessel wall using endovascular stent graft anchoring system)maps to wider conceptHIG.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into descending thoracic aorta)The closest ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal stent insertion into the descending thoracic aorta, the correct anatomical location, but ICHI does not represent the specific anchoring/fixation step of an endovascular graft system as a distinct action.
55312004 (Aneurysmectomy with anastomosis of lower limb vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lower limb vein)ICHI has no code specifically for aneurysmectomy with vein anastomosis in the lower limb; IFD.ML.AA is the closest available code and subsumes the concept of restoring vein continuity, but is broader as it covers any reconstructive method and does not require an aneurysm as the indication.
68087005 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery (including via graft), which encompasses the procedure semantically, but does not specify aneurysm excision as the indication and also includes pelvic arteries beyond the SNOMED scope.
7216000 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of head and neck artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of head and neck)ICHI's reconstruction of artery of head and neck captures the graft replacement component adequately, but does not restrict to aneurysm excision as the driving indication, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
45874007 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of thoracic aorta)maps to wider conceptIDA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of thorax)ICHI covers reconstruction of any thoracic artery via open approach, which includes both ascending and descending thoracic aorta segments and other thoracic vessels, making it broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the thoracic aorta specifically with aneurysm excision.
35830007 (Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of upper limb artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICHI's reconstruction of artery of upper limb via open approach aligns with graft replacement after aneurysm excision, but the code is broader as it covers any reconstructive procedure on upper limb arteries regardless of the indication.
386514001 (Anger control assistance)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Anger control assistance (a nursing intervention to help patients manage anger) aligns most closely with counselling targeting emotional functions in ICHI, but the ICHI code covers all emotional functions broadly and includes multiple modalities beyond the specific anger-control focus of the SNOMED concept.
425360004 (Anger management case management)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)ICHI has no specific anger management code; AUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions) is the closest available intervention on emotional functions, but it is broader — covering any counselling for emotional function rather than specifically structured anger management case management.
2080003 (Angiectomy with anastomosis of lower limb artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI does not encode excision-with-anastomosis as a single combined concept; IFA.ML.AA captures the defining reconstructive/anastomotic component of the procedure, but is broader as it does not specify that a segment was excised first.
87561005 (Angiectomy with anastomosis of lower limb vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lower limb vein)IFD.ML.AA covers the vein reconstruction/anastomosis aspect but is broader because it does not specify prior excision of a vein segment, as the SNOMED term does.
20116006 (Angiectomy with graft replacement of lower limb vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lower limb vein)IFD.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lower limb vein, which is the closest ICHI concept encompassing resection with graft replacement; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of angiectomy combined with graft interposition, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
230924008 (Angioscopy of intracranial vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.AE.AF (Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific angioscopy codes for aorta, upper and lower limb arteries, and abdominal/pelvic arteries, but none for intracranial vessels specifically; IZE.AE.AF is the residual "not elsewhere classified" angioscopy code, which is broader in target scope than the intracranial-specific SNOMED concept.
410682003 (Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI has no code specific to ACE inhibitor therapy or any drug class-specific therapeutic category; PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a particular drug class used therapeutically.
410683008 (Angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not classify interventions by specific pharmacological agent or drug class, so the most appropriate code is the general pharmacotherapy prescription code, which is broader than this specific drug-class therapy concept.
339702231000119109 (Anifrolumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody (anti-IFNAR1) used for systemic lupus erythematosus; ICHI contains no specific code for biologic agents or anifrolumab itself, making the general pharmacotherapy prescription code the only reasonable match, considerably broader than this highly specific biologic therapy concept.
119695000 (Ankle destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MNJ (Interventions on ankle joint)The SNOMED concept is a broad category grouping all destructive procedures on the ankle, which spans multiple ICHI categories (e.g., MNJ.GA.AA destruction of lesion, MNJ.JN.AA disarticulation, MNJ.JJ.AA partial excision, MNB bone-level procedures); no single ICHI category code covers the full scope, so the block is the appropriate assignment.
264987001 (Ankle muscle transfer)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI captures the correct action (muscle transfer/transplantation) but lacks anatomical specificity — the code applies to an unspecified site rather than the ankle. No ankle-specific muscle transfer code exists in ICHI; the lower leg muscle block contains only a reconstruction code, not a transfer code.
232820008 (Annuloplasty of aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)Annuloplasty is a specific technique within valve repair focused on reshaping or reinforcing the valve annulus, whereas ICHI's "Repair of aortic valve" is a broader category encompassing all repair techniques. No annuloplasty-specific code exists in ICHI for any valve.
174980001 (Annuloplasty of mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)Annuloplasty of the mitral valve is a specific annulus-repair technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of mitral valve repair. ICHI does not have a dedicated annuloplasty code, making this the closest available match at a higher level of generality.
265480000 (Annuloplasty of tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)Tricuspid annuloplasty is a specific annulus-reshaping technique subsumed under the broader ICHI concept of tricuspid valve repair. The ICHI code is the most precise available match but remains wider in scope than the SNOMED concept.
232932006 (Annuloplasty of truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve)Annuloplasty is a specific ring-based repair technique applied to the truncal valve annulus; "Repair of truncal valve" is broader as it encompasses all repair methods, not just annuloplasty. No more specific truncal valve annuloplasty code exists in ICHI.
439588006 (Anoscopy with anorectal dilation)maps to wider conceptKBX.AE.AD (Anoscopy)ICHI KBX.AE.AD covers only the anoscopy component; the combined procedure also includes anorectal dilation (KBX.LG.AC, Dilatation of anal sphincter), which would need to be coded separately — making any single code mapping broader than the full SNOMED concept.
764910004 (Antacid therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)No antacid-specific code exists in ICHI; "Pharmacotherapy prescription" is the closest assignable category, but it is substantially broader, covering prescription of any pharmacological agent rather than antacid therapy specifically.
169574001 (Antenatal care of second pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)Antenatal care is a monitoring and assessment activity for pregnant women, making NUE.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI match. ICHI does not differentiate by parity or pregnancy number, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
169575000 (Antenatal care of third pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)Antenatal care maps to assessment of pregnancy functions; ICHI has no mechanism to capture the ordinal number of the pregnancy, making the code broader.
169576004 (Antenatal care: multip)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)"Multip" (multiparous — a woman who has previously given birth) is a parity-based refinement of antenatal care that ICHI does not encode; the assessment of pregnancy functions code is the closest available match but is broader.
169573007 (Antenatal care: primigravida)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)"Primigravida" (first pregnancy) is a parity-based refinement of antenatal care that ICHI does not encode; the assessment of pregnancy functions code is the closest available match but is broader.
171066005 (Antenatal relaxation class)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)A relaxation class for pregnant women is an educational/instructional group intervention targeting pregnancy-related wellbeing, which aligns best with education about pregnancy functions; ICHI does not distinguish relaxation-specific classes from other pregnancy education.
713076009 (Antenatal risk assessment)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pregnancy-related functions broadly, which encompasses antenatal risk assessment but does not specify the risk-focused nature of the assessment.
243787009 (Antenatal screening)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)There is no dedicated antenatal screening code in ICHI; NUE.AA.ZZ (assessment of pregnancy functions) is the closest match but encompasses all forms of pregnancy assessment, not just screening.
169670003 (Antenatal ultrasound scan at 17-22 weeks)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has no dedicated code for fetal/obstetric ultrasound at a specific gestational window; NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available fit as an assessment of pregnancy functions but is far broader, covering any modality and any gestational timeframe.
307813007 (Antenatal ultrasound scan at 22-40 weeks)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI lacks a specific obstetric ultrasound imaging code; NUE.AA.ZZ (assessment of pregnancy functions) is the best available approximation but is broader, covering any assessment modality across all of pregnancy without specifying gestational age or imaging technique.
169669004 (Antenatal ultrasound scan at 9-16 weeks)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI does not contain a specific code for first-trimester or early second-trimester obstetric ultrasound; NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available category as a general assessment of pregnancy functions but covers all assessment types throughout pregnancy without specifying gestational age or imaging modality.
425551008 (Antenatal ultrasound scan for possible abnormality)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal structure without specifying the clinical indication, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to scanning for a possible abnormality, making the ICHI code broader.
1370905006 (Anterior decompression of cervical spinal cord and fusion)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)ICHI has no single code combining cervical decompression and fusion; MBA.LE.AA captures the fusion component but omits the anterior approach and the spinal cord decompression itself, making it broader and only partially representative of the combined procedure.
235189000 (Anterior gastropexy)maps to wider conceptKBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy)KBF.LC.AA directly represents gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach); ICHI does not distinguish between anterior and other approaches, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior approach.
231552001 (Anterior orbitotomy)maps to wider conceptBAM.FA.AA (Orbitotomy)BAM.FA.AA directly represents orbitotomy (incision of the orbit); ICHI does not encode the approach direction, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an anterior approach.
296867007 (Anterior sclerotomy with removal of vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.JK.AA (Vitrectomy)BCD.JK.AA represents vitrectomy (total removal of the vitreous body), which captures the primary therapeutic objective; ICHI does not encode the sclerotomy access route or distinguish approach direction, making the code broader.
108148001 (Anterior segment of eye excision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BBA (Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures)ICHI does not have a single assignable code for excision of the anterior eye segment as a whole; the anterior segment encompasses conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, anterior chamber, and lens, each with their own excision codes. The block BlockL4-BBA is the broadest single ICHI node that encompasses all of these.
108147006 (Anterior segment of eye incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BBA (Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures)ICHI models incision by individual anterior-segment structure (incision of cornea, iridotomy, capsulotomy, drainage of anterior chamber) rather than as a single cross-segment procedure; the parent block BlockL4-BBA is the broadest single ICHI node that encompasses all of these.
22793001 (Anterior spinal instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code that captures spinal instrumentation as a distinct named procedure; MBZ.DN.AA is the closest assignable code but is broader as it covers any spinal device implantation regardless of approach and does not specify the anterior route or the fixation/instrumentation nature.
274969000 (Anterior tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)JBA.LI.AA represents tracheostomy in general; ICHI does not distinguish an anterior (standard cervical midline) tracheostomy from other variants, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior approach.
447062007 (Anterior transposition of ulnar nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.LJ.AA (Transposition of peripheral nerve)ACA.LJ.AA covers transposition of any peripheral nerve using an open approach; it does not specify the ulnar nerve or the anterior (subcutaneous/submuscular) direction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available match.
55378006 (Anterior vestibuloplasty)maps to wider conceptKAZ.LK.AC (Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)Vestibuloplasty is the surgical deepening/extension of the oral vestibular sulcus, which is precisely what KAZ.LK.AC describes; the ICHI code is broader because it covers buccolabial and lingual sulcus extension in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the anterior (labial) approach specifically.
363784009 (Anti-complement activity test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)Anti-complement activity testing measures complement pathway inhibition, a specific immunological function test; DTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of immunological system functions and is therefore broader than this particular complement-specific assay.
359781006 (Anti-hyaluronidase assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)The anti-hyaluronidase assay is a serological test detecting antibodies against streptococcal hyaluronidase, used as a marker of streptococcal infection; DTB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI category but is much broader, covering any immunological function test rather than this specific antibody assay.
359897007 (Anti-IgA assay)maps to wider conceptXG58X6 (Immunoglobulin plasma levels)XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels generally, which encompasses IgA but is not specific to anti-IgA (antibodies against IgA). No ICHI code exists for anti-IgA antibody detection specifically; this is the closest available laboratory test.
183401008 (Anti-suicide psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptVBA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for self-harm behaviours)VBA.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeting self-harm behaviours broadly, which includes suicidal behaviour as a key category; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming suicide as the explicit target, while the ICHI code encompasses the full range of self-harm behaviours.
359867004 (Antibiotic sensitivity, disk method)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)XG50T0 represents antimicrobial susceptibility testing in general, which subsumes the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as one specific technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish between disk diffusion, broth microdilution, or other methods.
359819009 (Antibiotic sensitivity, fungus)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)XG50T0 covers antimicrobial (including antifungal) susceptibility testing without distinction by organism type; no separate ICHI code exists for fungal-specific susceptibility testing, making the ICHI code broader as it applies to all microorganisms.
281789004 (Antibiotic therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)UAC.RD.ZZ represents providing medications in general; no ICHI code exists that specifies antibiotic or antimicrobial drug administration as a distinct category, making the ICHI code broader.
166164009 (Antibody studies)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)Antibody studies are a specific class of immunological testing (serological/immunoassay testing for antibodies); DTB.AC.ZZ covers all tests of immunological system functions more broadly. No more specific ICHI code for antibody measurement exists.
121329005 (Anticonvulsant identification)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)Anticonvulsant identification refers to the clinical process of identifying anticonvulsant/antiepileptic medications, which falls within the scope of medication assessment; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general and is broader than identification of a specific drug class.
46589004 (Anticonvulsant therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Anticonvulsant therapy is most commonly delivered orally; PZA.DB.AC covers oral/per-orifice pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body without specifying the drug class, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available match since ICHI has no anticonvulsant-specific pharmacotherapy code.
698456001 (Antidepressant therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to antidepressant or any psychiatric drug class; the best available code covers pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body via an unspecified route, which is substantially broader than a therapy targeting a specific drug class.
718526003 (Antifungal therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no drug-class-specific pharmacotherapy codes; the closest match is the generic whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code, which is far broader than fungal-specific drug treatment.
274502001 (Antihemophilic factor transfusion)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI classifies all blood and blood product transfusions — including clotting factor concentrates (Factor VIII/IX) — under a single code without distinguishing specific product types, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies antihemophilic factor specifically.
745041001 (Antihistamine prophylaxis)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to antihistamine administration or allergy prophylaxis; the closest available code covers pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body with unspecified route, which is far broader than the SNOMED concept of prophylactic antihistamine use.
1287685000 (Antimetabolite therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no code for antimetabolite agents (e.g., methotrexate, 5-FU) specifically; the general pharmacotherapy administration code is the only available approximation and is substantially broader than this drug-class-specific SNOMED concept.
716872004 (Antineoplastic chemotherapy regimen)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no dedicated code for antineoplastic or cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens; the generic whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code is the only available approximation and is far broader than this oncology-specific SNOMED concept.
408490001 (Antipsychotic drug therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying drug class or route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drug therapy. No ICHI code exists for antipsychotic-specific drug administration.
265360002 (Antireflux gastropexy)maps to wider conceptKBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy)KBF.LC.AA describes gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach) in general, which encompasses antireflux gastropexy as a specific purpose-qualified subtype; ICHI does not distinguish a separately coded antireflux or fundoplication-style gastropexy.
427314002 (Antiviral therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ is the most appropriate assignable ICHI code for any pharmacotherapy administration, but it is broader than antiviral therapy since it does not specify the class of agent; ICHI contains no antiviral-specific drug administration code.
313087008 (Anxiety counseling)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Anxiety is a disorder of emotional functions, and the action (counselling) matches exactly; however, the ICHI code covers all emotional functions broadly, not anxiety specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
699279007 (Aortic arch replacement)maps to wider conceptHIK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of aortic arch)ICHI's "reconstruction" axis is the closest concept to surgical replacement of the aortic arch with a graft, but reconstruction is semantically broader than replacement and could include partial repairs without full prosthetic substitution.
1231417003 (Aortic root enlargement using anterior approach)maps to wider conceptHIL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of aortic root)ICHI has no dedicated code for aortic root enlargement (e.g. Manouguian procedure) nor for the anterior approach distinction; "Reconstruction of aortic root" is the closest available category covering structural remodelling of the aortic root, and is broader as it does not capture the specific enlargement technique or surgical approach.
1231418008 (Aortic root enlargement using posterior approach)maps to wider conceptHIL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of aortic root)ICHI has no code specific to posterior aortic root enlargement (e.g. Nicks procedure); "Reconstruction of aortic root" is the best available category and is broader because it does not differentiate the enlargement technique or the posterior surgical approach.
27428006 (Aortic valve commissurotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)ICHI contains no dedicated commissurotomy code for the aortic valve; "Repair of aortic valve" is the closest category, encompassing incision of fused commissures as a repair technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish commissurotomy from other repair methods, and the cardiopulmonary bypass approach is not captured.
405522001 (Aorto-femoral bifurcation graft for repair of aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)ICHI has no specific code for an aorto-femoral bifurcation graft; "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" is the best single-code fit as the abdominal aorta is the primary operative target in aneurysm repair with a bifurcation graft. The code is broader because it does not capture the extension to the femoral arteries, the bifurcation graft configuration, or the aneurysm indication.
405524000 (Aorto-Iliac graft for repair of aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)ICHI has no specific code for an aorto-iliac graft; "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" is the best single-code fit as the abdominal aorta is the primary operative target, with the iliac extension being a common anatomical variant of the same aortic aneurysm repair. The code is broader because it does not capture the iliac extension or the aneurysm indication.
405520009 (Aorto-profunda graft for repair of aneurysm)maps to wider conceptHIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass)"Aorto-profunda" describes a bypass graft from the aorta to the profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery, specifically for aneurysm repair. ICHI's closest code is HIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass), which captures the aortic bypass procedure but is broader — it does not specify the profunda femoris as the target limb vessel, nor does it encode the aneurysm repair indication.
429269009 (Aortoventriculoplasty with pulmonary valve autograft)maps to wider conceptHDE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of aortic valve)The SNOMED concept describes the Ross procedure — replacement of the aortic valve and root using the patient's own pulmonary valve as an autograft, combined with enlargement of the left ventricular outflow tract. HDE.ML.AA captures the reconstructive action on the aortic valve but is broader, as it does not encode the autograft source, the ventriculoplasty component, or the simultaneous pulmonary conduit placement.
225153000 (Application of adhesive skin closure)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for adhesive skin closure (e.g., Steri-Strips, tissue adhesive strips); the closest category is the NEC code for application of a dressing to skin, which is broader and encompasses many types of wound dressings beyond adhesive closures.
238207007 (Application of adhesive strapping across umbilicus)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The umbilicus block contains only hernia repair, biopsy, and excision codes — no dressing or strapping code. The NEC skin dressing code is the best available match, but is broader in that it covers all skin regions and all dressing types, not specifically adhesive strapping applied to the umbilical area.
1237581000 (Application of artificial dermal template)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)An artificial dermal template (e.g., Integra) is a bioengineered skin substitute applied to a wound in lieu of a conventional graft; ICHI classifies this under the skin graft NEC code, which is broader as it encompasses all types of skin grafts and does not distinguish synthetic dermal matrices from autografts or allografts.
179251000 (Application of bone xenograft)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)MRB.ML.AA covers bone graft at an unspecified site using open approach but does not specify the graft material type (xenograft = animal-derived); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses autograft, allograft, and xenograft without distinction.
1259293006 (Application of composite dental filling material to dentin of tooth following fracture of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC captures tooth restoration as a category, which encompasses composite resin restorations, but the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific — it specifies the material (composite), the target tissue (dentin), and the clinical context (post-fracture); the ICHI code is therefore broader.
1255521008 (Application of compress)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)A compress (a cloth or pad applied to the skin for heat, cold, or pressure) is functionally a type of dressing applied to the skin, making LZZ.DK.AH the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of skin dressings and does not distinguish a compress from bandages or other wound coverings.
67699001 (Application of cylinder cast, thigh to ankle)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a cylinder cast applied specifically from thigh to ankle (a long leg cast); ICHI does have region-specific immobilisation codes but none captures the combined thigh-to-ankle span in a single code, making the NEC cast/splint code the best available fit.
239675002 (Application of cylinder plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)A cylinder plaster cast is a specific orthopedic immobilisation device applied to the leg, but ICHI has no code that specifies the cylinder cast form or plaster material; PZX.LC.AH is the single ICHI code for cast or splint application and is broader in both body site and device type.
234721003 (Application of dental medication)maps to wider conceptKAE.DB.AC (Application of substance to teeth)KAE.DB.AC covers topical application of any substance to teeth (including fluoride, desensitisers, medicaments), which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a medicinal/therapeutic substance; no ICHI code distinguishes specifically between medicinal and non-medicinal substances applied to teeth.
282048008 (Application of dentine adhesive to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.DB.AC (Application of substance to teeth)Dentine adhesive (bonding agent) is one specific substance applied to a tooth surface, while KAE.DB.AC covers any substance application to teeth; no ICHI code exists for dentine bonding specifically, and the restoration code would conflate the preparatory bonding step with the full restoration procedure.
225265008 (Application of egg white to female perineal area)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for egg white application to the perineum; the perineum block contains only surgical/procedural codes with no topical application entry. LZZ.DB.AH captures the core action (external application of a substance to skin) but is broader, not specifying the substance or perineal site.
239680006 (Application of forearm cast brace)maps to wider conceptPMC.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to forearm)PMC.LC.AH (topographical forearm region) captures the application of an external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the device subtype (cast brace), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
180294009 (Application of functional cast brace)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)No body-site-specific ICHI code exists for a "functional cast brace"; PZX.LC.AH is the NEC residual code for cast or splint application and covers the procedure type but does not specify the site, functional design, or brace subtype.
180318005 (Application of Futura splint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of wrist joint)A Futura splint is a specific pre-fabricated wrist splint that immobilises the wrist joint, so MFJ.LC.AH is the best anatomical match; however it is broader because it does not distinguish device subtypes (e.g., a Futura splint vs. a plaster cast vs. other wrist orthoses).
1259292001 (Application of glass-ionomer dental material to dentin of tooth following fracture of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Applying glass-ionomer cement to dentine after a tooth fracture is a restorative dental procedure, and KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest ICHI category; however it is broader as it does not specify the material used (glass-ionomer), the tooth tissue layer (dentine), or the clinical context (post-fracture).
715311000 (Application of hexachlorophene powder to umbilical cord stump)maps to wider conceptLAB.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk)The umbilical cord stump is located on the trunk, and hexachlorophene powder is applied externally to the skin surface, fitting the target (trunk skin) and action (external application of substance). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any substance applied to any trunk skin site.
13851003 (Application of hip spica cast, both legs)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint)A hip spica cast that immobilises both legs is an external immobilisation device applied at the hip joint level, making MLJ.LC.AH the most specific available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (cast vs. splint vs. brace), nor does it capture that both legs are included.
1356718002 (Application of hip spica plaster cast)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint)A hip spica plaster cast is an external immobilisation device targeting the hip joint. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the material (plaster) or the spica configuration, encompassing all types of external hip immobilisation devices.
37353002 (Application of hot water bottle)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the therapeutic intent (external warming of peripheral body temperature) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the precise instrument used (a hot water bottle); the means axis confirms heat as the modality but encompasses any warming device or method.
225168004 (Application of hot wax)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Hot wax (paraffin bath) therapy is a superficial heat application method, which maps to this ICHI code for peripheral warming; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific agent (wax/paraffin) from other heat application methods, making it a broader match.
239679008 (Application of humeral cast brace)maps to wider conceptMEB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to humerus)A humeral cast brace is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the humerus, so the ICHI code is a good structural match; however, ICHI does not specifically distinguish a cast brace (functional brace allowing partial motion) from other external immobilisation devices such as a full cast.
113152007 (Application of ice)maps to wider conceptPZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Ice application is the most common method of cooling peripheral body temperature, and the therapeutic intent matches well; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any cooling method (ice packs, cold packs, cooling devices) without specifying ice as the agent.
4450003 (Application of Kirschner wire)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is inserted percutaneously into bone for fixation, which corresponds to the ICHI action (DN = implantation of device) and means (AE = percutaneous) axes; however, the ICHI code does not specify the wire as the device type and uses an unspecified anatomical site.
225166000 (Application of leeches)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's "external application of substance or living organism to skin, NEC" explicitly covers living organisms applied to skin, which fits leech therapy (hirudotherapy), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any body site and any living organism, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about leeches.
433340000 (Application of long arm splint)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific codes for humerus, forearm, and wrist, but a "long arm splint" spans from above the elbow to the hand and does not map to a single anatomical-site code; PMA.LC.AH (upper limb NEC) is the best fit, though broader as it encompasses any upper limb immobilisation device regardless of type or extent.
1407007 (Application of long leg cast, brace type)maps to wider conceptPNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)A "long leg cast, brace type" spans thigh through foot and does not correspond to any single anatomical-site ICHI code; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) captures the overall lower limb scope, though broader as it does not specify cast vs. brace type or full leg extent.
433341001 (Application of long leg splint)maps to wider conceptPNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)Like the long leg cast, a "long leg splint" extends from thigh to foot and spans multiple ICHI anatomical sub-sites; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) is the best single-code match, though broader as it does not distinguish splint from other immobilisation device types.
241722009 (Application of lubricant to eye)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)ICHI has no specific code for topical ocular lubricant application — the eye-specific procedure codes cover irrigation, drainage, dressing, and injection but not simple topical substance application to the eye surface; PZA.DB.AH (topical application of pharmacotherapy) is the closest general match but is broader, covering topical medication to any body surface.
443548009 (Application of make-up to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Make-up application is a specific instance of externally applying a substance to skin, but ICHI has no code for cosmetic/make-up application specifically; LZZ.DB.AH is broader, covering any external substance applied to skin NEC.
733925000 (Application of ointment)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)An ointment is a topical pharmaceutical preparation, making PZA.DB.AH (topical application of pharmacotherapy) the best match; ICHI is broader because it encompasses all topical pharmacotherapy regardless of formulation (not just ointments).
229825006 (Application of padding to the foot)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Padding applied to the foot is a form of protective wound or pressure-relief dressing applied to skin; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin NEC and is the closest available code, though broader (covering all body-site-unspecified skin dressings) and not specifically naming the foot or the padding modality.
239674003 (Application of plaster cast to lower limb)maps to wider conceptPNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)PNA.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower limb as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a plaster cast specifically; the ICHI code is broader in both device type and anatomical granularity.
180292008 (Application of plaster cast to trunk)maps to wider conceptPAA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to trunk)PAA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specific to a plaster cast material; the ICHI code is broader in device type but matches the anatomical target (trunk) well.
239666004 (Application of plaster cast to upper limb)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)PMA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the upper limb, while the SNOMED concept specifies a plaster cast; the ICHI code is broader in device type but the anatomical target (upper limb as a whole) aligns well.
48645002 (Application of plaster figure of eight)maps to wider conceptMDB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of shoulder)A figure-of-eight plaster is applied specifically to immobilise the clavicle (typically for clavicle fractures), whereas MDB.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the bone of the shoulder region broadly. ICHI has no code specific to the figure-of-eight technique or clavicle-targeted application.
43238005 (Application of plaster, Velpeau type)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to shoulder joint)The Velpeau bandage is a specific shoulder immobilisation technique that restricts the shoulder joint by binding the arm across the chest; MDJ.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the shoulder joint but does not specify the Velpeau technique or bandage type.
440601004 (Application of Risser jacket)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)The Risser jacket is a body cast encompassing the entire spine (cervical through pelvis) used for scoliosis management; MBZ.LC.AH is the most appropriate catch-all spine immobilisation code, as no Risser-specific or full-spine cast code exists in ICHI.
234710007 (Application of root canal medication)maps to wider conceptKAE.DB.AC (Application of substance to teeth)KAE.DB.AC covers topical application of any substance to teeth, which encompasses intracanal medicament placement, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to root canal (endodontic) medication.
439535000 (Application of short arm splint)maps to wider conceptMFB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of forearm)A short arm splint immobilises the forearm and wrist (distal radius/ulna), making MFB.LC.AH the closest match; however, the ICHI code covers any external immobilisation device on the forearm bones without specifying the "short arm" configuration or the wrist involvement typically included in this splint type.
239678000 (Application of static cast brace)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint without specifying body site or brace subtype, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a "static" cast brace. No site-specific cast code exists in ICHI for the generic (non-anatomical) cast brace concept, so this NEC residual is the best fit.
431703000 (Application of support tights)maps to wider conceptPNA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)Support tights are a compression assistive garment applied to the entire lower limb; the closest ICHI concept is installation of an assistive product to the lower limb NEC, which captures the action (installation of assistive product) and target (lower limb) but is broader, covering any assistive product rather than specifically compression hosiery.
8679008 (Application of surface transcutaneous neurostimulator)maps to wider conceptAXA.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation for pain)A surface TENS device delivers transcutaneous electrical stimulation primarily for pain relief, which AXA.SC.BP captures well; however, TENS may also be applied for non-pain indications, so the ICHI code is broader/narrower in different respects—best characterised as wider since the SNOMED concept does not specify therapeutic purpose.
239645007 (Application of suspended pelvic slings)maps to wider conceptMKB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis)A suspended pelvic sling is an external device applied around the pelvis to provide immobilisation or support (classically for pelvic fractures), which aligns with MKB.LC.AH targeting the pelvis bone with external immobilisation; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any external immobilisation device rather than specifically a suspended sling configuration.
239681005 (Application of tibial cast brace)maps to wider conceptMNB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to tibia or fibula)A tibial cast brace is an external immobilisation device applied specifically to the tibia, matching the target anatomy of MNB.LC.AH; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any external immobilisation device (cast, splint, brace, orthosis) and includes the fibula.
225132009 (Application of topical agent to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AH covers external (topical) application of a substance to skin without specifying body site, which is the best available match for a body-site-unspecified topical skin application; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also includes living organisms (not just chemical agents) as the applied substance.
31253009 (Application of tracheostomy mask using jet humidifier)maps to wider conceptPTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy)ICHI does not have a code specifically for applying a tracheostomy mask or for humidification of tracheostomy airflow; PTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy) is the closest available code under the tracheostomy artificial-body-structure block, but it is considerably broader, covering general tracheostomy management rather than the specific humidification accessory described in the SNOMED concept.
225693001 (Applying double eye pad)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DK.AH (Dressing of eye)BZZ.DK.AH is the closest ICHI code for applying a pad/dressing to the eye, but it does not capture the specific detail of a "double" eye pad configuration. The ICHI code covers any eye dressing, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
225691004 (Applying eye pad and shield)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DK.AH (Dressing of eye)BZZ.DK.AH covers the eye pad component of this intervention but does not distinguish the addition of a protective shield; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the single ICHI dressing code available.
225699002 (Applying ointment to eye)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)PZA.DB.AH covers topical application of any pharmacotherapy to the whole body and is the closest ICHI code for instilling/applying ophthalmic ointment; it does not specify the eye as the target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
50050131000188107 (Aprotinin therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)Aprotinin is administered intravenously (percutaneous transluminal route), making PZA.DB.AF the best available route-specific match; however, ICHI does not identify the specific agent (aprotinin/antifibrinolytic), so the code is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
252223008 (Apt test of gastrointestinal function)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept frames the Apt test explicitly as a test of GI function (detecting GI bleeding source), and KT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the digestive system NEC. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any unspecified digestive function test rather than the specific alkali-denaturation hemoglobin discrimination.
870379008 (Aquablation therapy of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)Aquablation uses a robotically-controlled high-pressure water jet to ablate/resect prostatic tissue, which maps to the destructive interventions on the prostate in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all modalities of prostate destruction and does not differentiate the water-jet (aquablation) means; the seminal vesicle is also included in the title but not targeted by this procedure.
252175007 (Arginine stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The arginine stimulation test is a provocative endocrine test measuring pituitary growth hormone secretion in response to intravenous arginine; ETK.AA.ZZ represents assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider, covering all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to the GH axis, arginine as the stimulus, or the pituitary target.
8706007 (Arginine tolerance test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The arginine tolerance test is functionally equivalent to the arginine stimulation test — a provocation test evaluating pituitary GH reserve — and maps to the same ICHI code for assessment of endocrine gland functions. The code is wider as it lacks specificity for GH, the pituitary gland, or arginine as the challenge agent.
23541008 (Argon laser photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Argon laser photocoagulation is performed on retinal tissue (the dominant clinical use) and maps best to BCC.GA.AA "Destruction of retina"; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all destructive modalities (not just laser), and the SNOMED concept does not strictly limit to retina, making it the best available — though imprecise — match.
1345262006 (Argon laser trabeculoplasty of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)Argon laser trabeculoplasty targets the trabecular meshwork (part of the iridocorneal angle in the anterior chamber) using laser energy to improve aqueous outflow; ICHI has no dedicated trabeculoplasty code, so BBE.GA.AH is the closest anatomical and action fit, but it is broader (covering any destructive intervention in that compartment, no laterality and no laser means).
1345263001 (Argon laser trabeculoplasty of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)Identical reasoning to argon laser trabeculoplasty of the left eye — BBE.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code for a destructive intervention on the anterior chamber, with the ICHI code being broader because it does not specify the laser modality, the trabecular meshwork target, or right-eye laterality.
394615007 (Aromatherapy)maps to wider conceptAUE.SC.ZZ (Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions)Aromatherapy delivers therapeutic benefit through olfactory/sensory stimulation, which maps to ICHI's "sensory stimulation for perceptual functions" (a rehabilitation intervention targeting perceptual mental functions). The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all sensory modalities (not just olfactory/aromatic) and does not capture the use of essential oils as the specific means.
71576003 (Arrest of bone growth of fibula)maps to wider conceptMNB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of tibia or fibula)The SNOMED concept is specific to the fibula, whereas MNB.LE.AA covers both tibia and fibula together as a combined anatomical target in ICHI — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers only to the fibula.
52532008 (Arrest of bone growth of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of tibia or fibula)MNB.LE.AA is the correct procedural match for epiphysiodesis (physeal arrest) and covers the tibia, but it also encompasses the fibula, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the tibia alone.
1297175004 (Arterial bypass graft of upper limb artery using arterial graft)maps to wider conceptICA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of upper limb)ICA.LI.AA covers bypass of the upper limb artery via an open approach but does not distinguish the conduit type (arterial vs. venous graft), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an arterial graft. It is the best and most specific available ICHI code for this procedure.
405469008 (Arterial bypass of lower limb artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)IFA.LI.AA is the direct structural equivalent for lower limb arterial bypass, but it implies an open approach (means axis AA) while the SNOMED concept is approach-unspecified and thus broader; IFA.LI.AA is the best available single ICHI code for this procedure.
397045002 (Arterial embolectomy)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no generic "arterial embolectomy" code; IZE.JE.AA covers removal of an obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from a blood vessel NEC, which captures the procedure intent, but it is broader as it encompasses any vessel (not just arteries) and any obstruction type. The only site-specific embolectomy code in ICHI is pulmonary-only (HID.JE.AA).
40298007 (Arteriectomy with graft replacement by interposition)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode the specific technique of arterial excision followed by interposition graft; IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, NEC) captures the reconstructive end result of this procedure but is broader because it applies to any artery NEC and does not specify the interposition graft technique or the preceding excision.
112819006 (Arteriectomy with graft replacement of thoracoabdominal aorta)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI separates the thoracic descending aorta (HIG.ML.AA) and abdominal aorta (HIH.ML.AA) into distinct codes with no single code spanning the thoracoabdominal aorta as a unit; IZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, NEC) is used as the broadest available match that does not exclude this cross-segment anatomy, though it is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
119814002 (Artery of extremity closure)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific occlusion codes for artery of upper limb (ICA.LA.AA) and artery of lower limb (IFA.LA.AA), but neither covers both extremities simultaneously as the SNOMED concept does; IZA.LA.AA (artery NEC) is the best single code that covers the concept at the unspecified extremity level, though it is broader in that it applies to any artery rather than being specific to extremity arteries.
870432009 (Artesunate therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have disease-specific or drug-specific pharmacotherapy codes (apart from a small number of targeted exceptions); administering pharmacotherapy with unspecified route is the best available generic code, but it is considerably broader than the specific antimalarial drug artesunate.
9874008 (Arthrectomy of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of hip joint)Arthrectomy (excision of a joint or part of a joint, classically referring to removal of joint tissue such as synovium) maps best to partial excision of hip joint; this is the closest structural match available in the hip joint block, though the ICHI code is somewhat broader as it could encompass various partial joint excision procedures beyond synovectomy.
171238007 (Arthritis screening)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific arthritis or joint disease screening code; the musculoskeletal system assessment NEC (MZZ.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code, but it covers assessment of any musculoskeletal condition rather than being specific to arthritis screening as a targeted population-level activity.
90131007 (Arthrocentesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site)Arthrocentesis (needle aspiration of synovial fluid from a joint) maps best to percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site, as ICHI has no dedicated "arthrocentesis" or "joint aspiration" code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any joint site and the action "drainage" is slightly wider than the needle-aspiration sense of arthrocentesis, though the percutaneous approach aligns well.
19578002 (Arthrodesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept "Arthrodesis" is a general/category-level term with no body site specified, and MRJ.LE.AA is the ICHI residual code for arthrodesis at an unspecified joint site, making it the closest structural match. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it is an unspecified-site residual that covers the same surgical concept at any joint.
27537008 (Arthrodesis by anterior extraoral technique, clivus-C1-C2, with bone graft and excision of odontoid process)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)This highly specific SNOMED concept describes an anterior extraoral craniocervical fusion with bone graft and odontoidectomy at the clivus-C1-C2 level, but ICHI has no code at that granularity; MBA.LE.AA captures the core surgical intent. The ICHI code is broader because it subsumes all cervical spinal fusion approaches and does not encode the bone graft, odontoid excision, or the specific anterior extraoral approach.
20820007 (Arthrodesis by anterior transoral technique, clivus-C1-C2, with bone graft and excision of odontoid process)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)Like its extraoral counterpart, this procedure is a craniocervical fusion via anterior transoral route with bone graft and odontoidectomy, and the most precise available ICHI match remains Fusion of cervical spine (MBA.LE.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the transoral approach, the bone graft component, or the associated odontoid excision.
73199004 (Arthrodesis of carpometacarpal joint of thumb with autograft)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of finger or hand)The SNOMED concept specifies arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb with autograft, whereas ICHI groups all hand and finger joint fusions under MGJ.LE.AA without distinguishing specific joints (e.g., CMC) or graft type. The ICHI code is wider because "finger or hand" covers all joints in that region and does not encode the autograft method.
52822008 (Arthrodesis of distal tibiofibular joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for the tibiofibular joints — the lower leg joint block only covers the ankle joint (MNJ), and the tibiofibular joints are anatomically distinct. MRJ.LE.AA captures the correct procedure type (arthrodesis) but is broader because it does not specify the distal tibiofibular joint as the target.
75826000 (Arthrodesis of elbow joint with autograft)maps to wider conceptMEJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of elbow)MEJ.LE.AA directly matches arthrodesis of the elbow joint, but ICHI does not encode the autograft technique in the base code (graft type could theoretically be appended as an extension), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autograft use.
36962000 (Arthrodesis of interphalangeal joint of finger with internal fixation with autograft)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of finger or hand)MGJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any finger or hand joint, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the interphalangeal joint specifically; additionally, the internal fixation method and autograft are not encoded in the ICHI base code.
67043003 (Arthrodesis of metacarpophalangeal joint with autograft)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of finger or hand)MGJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any finger or hand joint and does not distinguish the metacarpophalangeal joint from other finger/hand joints; the autograft detail is also not captured in the ICHI base code.
22210000 (Arthrodesis of proximal tibiofibular joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)As with the distal tibiofibular joint, ICHI has no dedicated block or code for the proximal tibiofibular joint — only the ankle joint is represented under the lower leg musculoskeletal interventions. MRJ.LE.AA correctly identifies arthrodesis as the procedure but is broader due to the unspecified site.
69119007 (Arthrodesis of symphysis pubis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for the pubic symphysis joint — the arthrodesis list covers shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger/hand, hip, knee, ankle, and foot/toe joints but not the pubic symphysis. MRJ.LE.AA (arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site) is the broadest available match that correctly captures the procedure type (arthrodesis/fusion), while the target site is less specific than the SNOMED concept.
441600007 (Arthrolysis after total prosthetic replacement of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.FC.AA (Release of knee joint)ICHI uses "Release of knee joint" (action FC = release/freeing) as its term for what SNOMED calls arthrolysis — the breaking down of joint adhesions to restore mobility. MMJ.FC.AA matches the target (knee joint) and the core procedure (release/lysis), but is broader because it does not specify that this is performed in the context of a prior total prosthetic replacement.
442095009 (Arthroplasty)maps to wider conceptMRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)ICHI encodes arthroplasty under the "repair" (MK) action axis applied to a joint target; MRJ.MK.AA covers joint repair at an unspecified site, which is the best match for the completely non-specific SNOMED concept "Arthroplasty" that names no body site or technique. Both are generic, but the ICHI code is still broader in that "repair of joint" encompasses more than just reconstructive arthroplasty.
1231397001 (Arthroplasty of hip joint using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptMLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint)MLJ.MK.AA correctly targets the hip joint (MLJ) and uses the repair/reconstruction action (MK), capturing the arthroplasty component. ICHI has no means axis value for robotic assistance, so the robotic-assisted specificity of the SNOMED concept is lost; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
83381006 (Arthroplasty of hip with bone graft)maps to wider conceptMLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated arthroplasty code for the hip joint; "Repair of hip joint" is the closest available concept, covering joint restoration procedures including arthroplasty. The bone graft component and arthroplasty specificity are not distinguished in ICHI, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
19063003 (Arthroplasty of knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.MK.AA (Repair of knee joint)ICHI does not have an arthroplasty-specific code for the knee joint; "Repair of knee joint" is the broadest matching category under the knee joint block and encompasses arthroplasty as a form of joint repair. The ICHI code is broader as it includes other repair procedures beyond arthroplasty.
1231396005 (Arthroplasty of knee joint using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptMMJ.MK.AA (Repair of knee joint)The base procedure maps to "Repair of knee joint" as for plain knee arthroplasty; the robotic assistance detail can be expressed in ICHI using extension code XG5Z48 ("With robotic assistance"), but no single standalone ICHI category encodes robotic knee arthroplasty. The core code alone is wider because it omits both the arthroplasty specificity and the robotic means.
442117004 (Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of joint of head or neck)"Reconstruction of joint of head or neck" is the closest ICHI code for TMJ arthroplasty, as arthroplasty is a form of joint reconstruction; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all head and neck joints (not just the TMJ) and does not specifically denote arthroplasty as the surgical technique.
711529003 (Arthroscopic drilling of osteochondral lesion of ankle)maps to wider conceptMNC.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ankle cartilage)Drilling of an osteochondral lesion is a cartilage repair technique (stimulating subchondral bone healing), and ICHI classifies it within arthroscopic repair of ankle cartilage. ICHI does not distinguish the specific repair technique (drilling vs. microfracture vs. other methods), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
442458004 (Arthroscopic excision of infrapatellar fat pad)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JI.AB (Arthroscopic local excision of lesion of knee joint)The infrapatellar (Hoffa's) fat pad is an intra-articular structure of the knee, and its arthroscopic excision falls under arthroscopic local excision of a lesion of the knee joint. ICHI does not have a fat-pad-specific code, so the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any focal excision within the knee joint.
442434003 (Arthroscopic repair of superior labrum anterior to posterior tear)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of shoulder joint)ICHI has no dedicated labrum or SLAP-specific repair code; the superior labrum is a structure within the shoulder joint, so arthroscopic repair of the shoulder joint is the best available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a SLAP repair (labrum reattachment/suturing).
443747002 (Arthroscopic shaving of articular cartilage of knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JG.AB (Arthroscopic debridement of knee joint)ICHI has no specific "shaving" or chondroplasty code for knee cartilage; arthroscopic shaving (chondroplasty) is a form of debridement and MMJ.JG.AB is the closest match, though it is broader as it covers debridement of the entire knee joint rather than the articular cartilage specifically.
373678003 (Arthroscopic synovial biopsy of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.AD.AB (Arthroscopic biopsy of knee joint)ICHI's arthroscopic biopsy of knee joint code covers biopsy of any knee joint structure and does not distinguish synovial tissue from other tissue types; the SNOMED concept is more specific (synovial membrane), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
19540004 (Arthroscopy of knee with lysis of adhesions with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMMJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of knee joint)ICHI uses "release" as its term covering lysis/division of adhesions arthroscopically at the knee joint, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies manipulation, which is not captured in this code; no single ICHI code covers both lysis and manipulation together.
56442009 (Arthroscopy of shoulder with lysis and resection of adhesions with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of shoulder joint)"Arthroscopic release of shoulder joint" covers the lysis/resection component of adhesions via arthroscopy, but the SNOMED concept additionally includes manipulation, and "release" is broader than the explicit lysis-plus-resection pairing described; no single ICHI code unites all three elements.
1204294006 (Arthroscopy of wrist joint with synovial biopsy)maps to wider conceptMFJ.AD.AB (Arthroscopic biopsy of wrist joint)The ICHI code covers arthroscopic biopsy of the wrist joint in general; SNOMED specifies that the biopsy specimen is synovial tissue, which is a narrower tissue qualifier not reflected in the ICHI title, making ICHI slightly broader.
29993007 (Arthroscopy of wrist with excision of triangular fibrocartilage)maps to wider conceptMFJ.JJ.AB (Arthroscopic partial excision of wrist joint)The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a cartilaginous structure within the wrist joint, and its arthroscopic excision is best captured by arthroscopic partial excision of the wrist joint. ICHI does not have a code specific to TFCC, so the ICHI code is broader, covering any partial wrist joint excision performed arthroscopically.
112752007 (Arthroscopy of wrist with internal fixation for fracture)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AB (Arthroscopic reduction of wrist joint)Arthroscopic reduction of the wrist joint is the closest available ICHI code for an arthroscopically-assisted fracture fixation procedure, as ICHI does not have a dedicated code for arthroscopic internal fixation of wrist fracture. The ICHI code is broader because it covers reduction generally and does not specify internal fixation for fracture.
2244006 (Arthroscopy of wrist with internal fixation for instability)maps to wider conceptMFJ.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified)Arthroscopic internal fixation for wrist instability is a stabilising repair procedure; the residual NEC arthroscopic repair code is the best fit since ICHI has no specific arthroscopic stabilisation code for the wrist. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arthroscopic wrist repair not classified elsewhere.
448701008 (Arthrotomy and removal of prosthesis of foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)ICHI captures removal of an implanted device (prosthesis) from the foot/toe joint via open approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's target encompasses "foot or toe" rather than foot specifically, making it slightly broader. The arthrotomy is subsumed into the open means axis (AA).
361187000 (Arthrotomy for removal of prosthesis of wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from wrist joint)ICHI's code directly captures open removal of an implanted device (prosthesis) from the wrist joint, matching the core procedural intent; the SNOMED concept's specification of "arthrotomy" as the approach is absorbed into the open means (.AA), making ICHI slightly broader in scope.
44050002 (Arthrotomy for synovial biopsy of glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.AD.AA (Biopsy of joint structure of shoulder)ICHI captures an open biopsy of the shoulder joint structure, which encompasses a synovial biopsy of the glenohumeral joint; ICHI is wider because "joint structure" is not specific to the synovial membrane, and the glenohumeral joint is not distinguished from other shoulder joints in ICHI.
20838005 (Arthrotomy of acromioclavicular joint for infection with drainage)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JB.AA (Drainage of shoulder joint)The acromioclavicular joint falls within ICHI's shoulder joint block (MDJ), and drainage via open arthrotomy for infection is well captured by this code; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish the acromioclavicular from the glenohumeral joint, and does not specify the infectious indication.
37036004 (Arthrotomy of acromioclavicular joint for infection with exploration)maps to wider conceptMDJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of shoulder joint)ICHI has no dedicated acromioclavicular joint code; the acromioclavicular joint falls within the shoulder region block, so MDJ.FA.AA is the closest match but covers the shoulder joint broadly rather than the AC joint specifically. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies the purpose (infection) and includes exploration, neither of which is captured in the ICHI code.
88416005 (Arthrotomy of ankle with drainage)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JB.AA (Drainage of ankle joint)Drainage of the ankle joint is the primary clinical intent of this procedure, which ICHI captures with MNJ.JB.AA via open approach, closely aligning with arthrotomy with drainage; ICHI does not encode the arthrotomy step explicitly, so it is slightly wider.
48946004 (Arthrotomy of ankle with exploration)maps to wider conceptMNJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of ankle joint)MNJ.FA.AA directly encodes open arthrotomy of the ankle joint, which is the core procedure. ICHI does not have a specific code for arthrotomy with exploration as a combined intent, so the ICHI code is broader — it covers arthrotomy generally without specifying that exploration was the purpose.
21488001 (Arthrotomy of ankle with removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint)MNJ.JD.AA captures the primary clinical objective (removal of foreign body from ankle joint) and the open approach aligns with arthrotomy. The ICHI code is marginally wider because it also encompasses removal of internal devices and does not explicitly name arthrotomy.
74869001 (Arthrotomy of elbow for infection with exploration)maps to wider conceptMEJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of elbow joint)ICHI captures the open arthrotomy of the elbow joint but does not encode the infection context or the exploration qualifier; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code.
8021007 (Arthrotomy of elbow for infection with removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMEJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint)ICHI captures the primary operative purpose (open removal of foreign body from the elbow joint) but does not encode the infection context; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code.
62225001 (Arthrotomy of elbow with joint exploration and with biopsy)maps to wider conceptMEJ.AD.AA (Biopsy of joint structure of elbow)ICHI captures the biopsy of the elbow joint structure (open, implied by the AA means axis), which is the defining purpose of this SNOMED procedure, but does not encode the exploration qualifier; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
51451002 (Arthrotomy of glenohumeral joint for infection with removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint)ICHI captures the open removal of foreign body from the shoulder joint (glenohumeral = shoulder joint in ICHI terminology) but does not encode the infection context; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
87078009 (Arthrotomy of hip for removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint)ICHI captures the defining operative purpose — open removal of a foreign body from the hip joint — and the open approach is implied by the AA means axis, but ICHI does not distinguish device from foreign body or encode the arthrotomy route explicitly, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
1193575006 (Arthrotomy of hip for removal of loose body)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint)The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the hip joint via open approach, which semantically encompasses removal of a loose body; however, it is broader because it includes removal of implanted devices and does not specify that the access route is an arthrotomy.
128426007 (Arthrotomy of hip joint with exploration)maps to wider conceptMLJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of hip joint)ICHI's arthrotomy of hip joint is the closest structural match for open incision into the hip joint; it is wider because it does not specify that exploration (inspection of the joint interior) is the stated purpose of the procedure.
127595001 (Arthrotomy of knee with drainage)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JB.AA (Drainage of knee joint)Drainage of knee joint is the primary functional equivalent of arthrotomy of the knee for drainage purposes; it is coded as wider because the ICHI code does not specify that the access route is an open arthrotomy and does not capture the incision component as a distinct element.
26504003 (Arthrotomy of knee with joint exploration)maps to wider conceptMMJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of knee joint)Arthrotomy of knee joint directly matches the open incision procedure; it is wider because the ICHI code does not encode that the purpose of the arthrotomy is joint exploration/inspection, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies exploration as the intent.
708869009 (Arthrotomy with drainage of glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JB.AA (Drainage of shoulder joint)MDJ.JB.AA covers open drainage of the shoulder joint and closely matches the clinical intent of arthrotomy with drainage of the glenohumeral joint; however, ICHI's target "shoulder joint" (MDJ) encompasses the entire shoulder region including non-glenohumeral articulations, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
26880002 (Arthrotomy with drainage of metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JB.AA (Drainage of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.JB.AA captures open drainage of a joint of the foot or toe, matching the procedural intent of arthrotomy with drainage; however, the ICHI target is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies the metatarsophalangeal joint rather than any foot or toe joint.
79052004 (Arthrotomy with exploration of metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.FA.AA covers arthrotomy of any joint of foot or toe, which includes the metatarsophalangeal joint, but is broader in two ways: it does not specify the metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and the "with exploration" intent is subsumed within the arthrotomy action without being explicitly encoded.
205881001 (Arthrotomy with removal of foreign body of metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)MOJ.JD.AA captures removal of a foreign body from a joint of the foot or toe via open approach, which is the clinical substance of this SNOMED concept; it is wider because it covers any foot or toe joint rather than the metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and also includes removal of internal devices not just foreign bodies.
208714009 (Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of interphalangeal joint of toe)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)A loose body is functionally equivalent to a foreign body in ICHI's action axis (JD = removal of device or foreign body), and MOJ.JD.AA is the open approach code covering any foot or toe joint; it is wider because it encompasses all foot/toe joints rather than the interphalangeal joint of the toe specifically.
62823001 (Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of intertarsal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)Intertarsal joints are joints of the foot and fall within the MOJ block (interventions on joint of foot or toe); MOJ.JD.AA via open approach is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider because it is not specific to intertarsal joints and subsumes loose bodies under the broader "foreign body" action category.
206811003 (Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)MOJ.JD.AA is the open-approach removal code for any joint of foot or toe, which covers the metatarsophalangeal joint; it is wider because it does not distinguish the metatarsophalangeal joint from other foot/toe joints, and it groups loose bodies with internal devices and foreign bodies under a single action code.
56398008 (Arthrotomy with removal of prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies removal of a joint prosthesis via arthrotomy, while the ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from any joint via open approach, making it broader in both the type of device removed and the joint site. The arthrotomy as the operative approach is implicit in the open means axis.
236896006 (Artificial insemination by donor)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI's uterine reproductive transfer code covers intrauterine insemination as a class of procedures but does not distinguish sperm source (donor vs partner), so the ICHI code is broader than this specific donor-insemination concept.
236895005 (Artificial insemination by husband)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)The ICHI uterine reproductive transfer code covers intrauterine insemination but does not differentiate between donor and partner (husband) sperm, so the ICHI code is broader than this partner-specific insemination concept.
57233006 (Artificial insemination with spermatozoa washing and capacitation)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)This SNOMED concept adds a laboratory sperm preparation step (washing and capacitation) that ICHI does not represent; the uterine reproductive transfer code captures only the insemination procedure itself, making it broader and losing the sperm-preparation specificity.
46249006 (Artificial insemination, heterologous)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)"Heterologous" (donor-sperm) insemination is a sub-type of uterine reproductive transfer; ICHI does not encode the donor/heterologous distinction, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific concept.
66601000 (Artificial insemination, homologous)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)"Uterine reproductive transfer procedures" covers the broader category of uterine reproductive transfer including insemination and embryo transfer, without distinguishing homologous (partner sperm) from heterologous (donor sperm). ICHI is coarser and does not encode the homologous/heterologous distinction.
81220003 (Artificial pacemaker rate check)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)"Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check" encompasses any functional check of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, of which a rate check is one component; the ICHI code is broader as it also covers defibrillator systems and other functional parameters beyond just rate.
232552004 (Arytenoid adduction/rotation)maps to wider conceptJAN.LC.AA (Arytenoidopexy)Arytenoid adduction/rotation (a surgical technique to reposition the arytenoid cartilage for vocal cord paralysis) falls within the scope of arytenoidopexy (fixation of the arytenoid), which is the closest available ICHI concept. Arytenoidopexy is broader as it covers any arytenoid fixation procedure, not specifically the adduction or rotation technique.
248273008 (Aspiration curettage of uterus after delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)Suction curettage of the uterus is the correct ICHI code for the aspiration-curettage technique applied to the uterus, matching the procedure type exactly. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the postpartum/post-delivery clinical context present in the SNOMED concept.
6092000 (Aspiration of nasal sinus by puncture)maps to wider conceptJAE.JB.AE (Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code explicitly covers puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration, matching the core procedure, but is classified under "not elsewhere classified" and also encompasses lavage, making it slightly broader than aspiration alone by puncture.
440415005 (Aspiration of urinary bladder using suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of bladder)The ICHI code covers percutaneous aspiration of the bladder, which aligns well with the suprapubic (percutaneous) route of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not specify that a catheter is used, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which requires a suprapubic catheter specifically.
362988006 (Aspiration of urinary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)No single ICHI category code covers aspiration of the urinary tract as a whole; ICHI has site-specific codes (bladder, kidney, etc.) but no generic "urinary tract aspiration" category. The urinary system block is assigned as the best available grouping, which is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
737586005 (Assessment for admission to adult intensive care)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering any whole-person health assessment regardless of setting or purpose; ICHI has no code specifically representing a structured eligibility assessment for ICU admission.
765059005 (Assessment for crisis intervention)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)"Crisis intervention" assessment in SNOMED is a specific evaluation of an individual's mental state in acute distress, which falls within the domain of mental functions assessment. AS1.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers any mental functions assessment and is not specific to crisis situations.
704962008 (Assessment for post-laryngectomy rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptJU1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of voice and speech functions, unspecified)Post-laryngectomy rehabilitation assessment primarily concerns evaluation of voice and speech restoration, which maps best to JU1.AA.ZZ. However, ICHI is broader — this code covers any voice and speech function assessment, not specifically the post-laryngectomy rehabilitation context.
268388007 (Assessment for rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI lacks a specific "rehabilitation needs assessment" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available code representing a broad, whole-person clinical evaluation. It is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically implies assessment oriented toward determining or planning a rehabilitation programme.
441829007 (Assessment for risk of cardiovascular disease)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly and is the best available ICHI code for this concept. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any cardiovascular functional assessment rather than specifically a risk stratification or screening for cardiovascular disease.
772787001 (Assessment for risk of delirium)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)Delirium is characterised by acute disturbance of awareness and alertness, and ATC.AA.ZZ sits precisely in the "Interventions on awareness and alertness functions" block — the closest structural match in ICHI. However, the ICHI code covers assessment of awareness and alertness generally and does not specify risk prediction.
718022007 (Assessment for risk of harm to others)maps to wider conceptVBC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of community violence behaviours)Harm to others in a clinical risk-assessment context maps most closely to violence directed at others, and the ICHI community violence behaviours block (VBC) is the best available fit. The ICHI code covers assessment of violence behaviours in the community broadly rather than individual risk screening.
698527003 (Assessment for risk of self harm)maps to wider conceptVBA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self-harm behaviours)VBA.AA.ZZ sits in the dedicated "Interventions on self-harm behaviours" block (VBA) within the violence-related behaviours section, making it the closest semantic match available in ICHI. The ICHI code covers assessment of self-harm behaviours generally and does not specify risk prediction.
710829000 (Assessment of active range of motion)maps to wider conceptMTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)MTB.AA.ZZ is the specific ICHI code for assessing joint mobility, which is the functional measurement underlying range of motion. The ICHI code is broader because it covers joint mobility assessment in general — it does not distinguish active (patient-performed) from passive (clinician-performed) range of motion.
710834001 (Assessment of attitude toward health status)maps to wider conceptUD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attitudes, unspecified)UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes in general (unspecified), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about attitudes toward health status. ICHI does not have a more specific code for attitudes directed at one's own health status, so the best available code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
165184000 (Assessment of body build)maps to wider conceptPZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of body composition)"Body build" in SNOMED refers to the physical form and structure of the body (frame, habitus), which is closely aligned with body composition assessment in ICHI. PZA.AA.ZZ is slightly broader — body composition also covers fat/muscle ratios and similar measurements — but it is the closest available ICHI code and covers the core clinical intent.
410122002 (Assessment of compliance with medication regimen)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general, which is broader than specifically assessing a patient's compliance or adherence to their prescribed regimen. However, it is the closest available ICHI category — situated in the environment/products chapter under medicaments — and subsumes the clinical activity described in the SNOMED concept.
443598005 (Assessment of consciousness level using Adelaide pediatric modified Glasgow coma scale)maps to wider conceptATC.AC.ZZ (Test of awareness and alertness functions)ATC.AC.ZZ (Test of awareness and alertness functions) maps cleanly to the clinical act of applying a structured coma scale — Glasgow Coma Scale variants are standardised tests of consciousness/alertness. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of awareness/alertness, not specifically the Adelaide paediatric modified GCS instrument.
709545009 (Assessment of decisional conflict)maps to wider conceptSCL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of decision making)SCL.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the decision-making activity domain, which encompasses decisional conflict (the uncertainty a patient experiences when choosing between options). The ICHI code is wider because it covers decision-making assessment broadly, not the specific construct of decisional conflict as defined in nursing literature.
473203000 (Assessment of dementia)maps to wider conceptATE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of intellectual functions)Dementia is characterised by decline in intellectual (cognitive) functions, making ATE.AA.ZZ the best available ICHI match. The code is wider because it covers assessment of intellectual functions generally, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically directed at diagnosing or staging dementia.
710846002 (Assessment of depressed mood)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Depressed mood is a specific emotional function; AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is its closest ICHI parent, as ICHI does not offer a more granular code targeting depressed mood specifically. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all emotional functions, not only depression or low mood.
57231000087108 (Assessment of destructive behavior)maps to wider conceptATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)Destructive behaviour in clinical contexts is understood as a manifestation of temperament and personality dysfunction (impulse control, aggression), making ATH.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI fit; no more specific ICHI code for destructive behaviour or aggression assessment exists. The code is wider as it covers all temperament and personality assessment.
473208009 (Assessment of diabetic erectile dysfunction)maps to wider conceptNUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sexual functions)Erectile dysfunction is a sexual function, so NUA.AA.ZZ covers the correct functional domain. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses all sexual functions and does not distinguish erectile dysfunction specifically, nor the diabetic aetiology.
16681000202103 (Assessment of elevated mood)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Elevated mood (mania or hypomania) is a specific emotional function, and AUD.AA.ZZ covers the correct domain, but ICHI provides no code more specific than assessment of emotional functions broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
712804001 (Assessment of environmental risk)maps to wider conceptUB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)UB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the natural environment and human-made environmental changes, which broadly encompasses environmental risk assessment, but ICHI does not have a code specifically for risk assessment as a distinct act — the ICHI code is therefore broader.
709475001 (Assessment of fear)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)ICHI contains no fear-specific assessment code; fear is classified within the ICF/ICHI emotional functions domain, and AUD.AA.ZZ is the assignable category for assessing emotional functions as a whole — making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets fear specifically.
733864003 (Assessment of fine motor function)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)Fine motor function (precision finger/hand movements, ICF b147) falls within the psychomotor functions domain that AUC.AA.ZZ covers, but the ICHI code encompasses all psychomotor functions — not fine motor specifically — making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
901681000000103 (Assessment of fitness for work)maps to wider conceptSUG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in remunerative employment)A fitness-for-work assessment is a specific clinical determination of a person's capacity to perform their job, while SUG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engagement in paid employment more broadly; no dedicated ICHI code exists for the occupational health fitness-for-work concept specifically.
372114004 (Assessment of hypovolemia risk factors)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Hypovolemia (intravascular volume depletion) is a manifestation of disrupted water and electrolyte balance, so ETE.AA.ZZ covers the relevant physiological domain, but the ICHI code is broader — addressing the full water/mineral/electrolyte system rather than risk factors for hypovolemia specifically.
733869008 (Assessment of information processing)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)Information processing (the capacity to receive, integrate, and use sensory and cognitive input) is a component of higher-level cognitive functions (ICF b164), making AUH.AA.ZZ the best available match, though the ICHI code encompasses the entire higher-level cognitive functions domain beyond information processing alone.
705034009 (Assessment of lower limb using lymphedema quality of life tool)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life test instruments applied to the whole person, which encompasses the use of a lymphedema-specific QoL tool, but the ICHI code carries no specificity to lower limb lymphedema as the target condition or body region.
852831000000108 (Assessment of medical fitness to drive)maps to wider conceptSKD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of driving)SKD.AA.ZZ is placed in the activities-and-participation domain for driving and directly concerns evaluation of a person's driving ability; the SNOMED concept adds the specific clinical framing of medical fitness determination, which the ICHI code does not encode, making ICHI broader.
56861000087102 (Assessment of medication-induced extrapyramidal symptoms)maps to wider conceptMVF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of involuntary movement)Extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia) are a subset of involuntary movement phenomena, so MVF.AA.ZZ captures the movement phenotype being assessed; however, ICHI does not encode the medication-induced aetiology or the specific EPS syndrome context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1217125005 (Assessment of nausea)maps to wider conceptKTQ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sensations associated with the digestive functions)Nausea is a sensation associated with the digestive system and falls within the scope of KTQ.AA.ZZ, which covers all digestive sensations (nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort) rather than nausea alone, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
710830005 (Assessment of passive range of motion)maps to wider conceptMTB.AC.ZZ (Test of joint mobility)MTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of joint mobility broadly, which encompasses passive range of motion assessment; however, ICHI does not distinguish between active and passive movement testing, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
371580005 (Assessment of past history)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specifically for reviewing a patient's past medical history; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under "Interventions on whole person") is the closest match but is substantially broader, covering the full general health assessment rather than the history-taking component alone.
370777003 (Assessment of pre-existing conditions that predispose to inadequate tissue perfusion)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)ICHI has no code for assessing risk factors predisposing to inadequate tissue perfusion; ITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions) is the closest functional match under the circulatory system, but is broader in scope as it covers general blood vessel function rather than perfusion-risk-factor assessment specifically.
568221000005109 (Assessment of pregnancy induced edema)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any pregnancy-related function, which subsumes the specific SNOMED concept of assessing pregnancy-induced edema; ICHI provides no code at the granularity of a single pregnancy complication such as edema.
370779000 (Assessment of psychosocial issues specific to patient medication management)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly, which encompasses the procedural act of assessing a patient's medication situation. The SNOMED concept is narrower in scope — it specifically focuses on the psychosocial issues bearing on medication management, whereas the ICHI code covers medications assessment in general without restricting to the psychosocial dimension.
370780002 (Assessment of psychosocial issues specific to patient nutritional status)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The SNOMED concept concerns psychosocial factors as they relate specifically to nutritional status, but no ICHI code exists that jointly captures psychosocial + nutrition assessment; ATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions) is the closest match on the psychosocial axis and is broader because it covers all psychosocial functions rather than those specific to nutritional status.
711051002 (Assessment of readiness for discharge)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 (Discharge planning) is an ICHI extension code covering the broader planning process around patient discharge, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to assessing readiness for discharge — a subset of the full discharge planning activity, making the ICHI code broader.
15151000202109 (Assessment of residence and accommodation circumstances)maps to wider conceptUEE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of housing services, systems and policies)UEE.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code and covers assessment of housing at the systems and policy level, whereas the SNOMED concept is about assessing an individual patient's specific residence and accommodation circumstances — a personal/environmental factor evaluation — so the ICHI code is broader and oriented toward service/policy assessment.
711053004 (Assessment of risk for apnea)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)JTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of respiration function broadly, which encompasses the physiological domain within which apnea risk is evaluated; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to apnea or to risk assessment as a distinct activity.
709510001 (Assessment of risk for disease)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available whole-person health assessment code in ICHI and represents the closest match to a generic disease risk assessment; it is wider because it covers general health evaluation rather than being limited to disease risk specifically.
711054005 (Assessment of risk for falls on admission)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not contain a dedicated falls risk assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available code and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to falls risk at the point of hospital admission.
709511002 (Assessment of risk for hospital acquired complication)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for hospital-acquired complication risk assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest applicable whole-person assessment code and is wider than this SNOMED concept, which targets a specific inpatient safety risk category.
737396000 (Assessment of risk from bed rail use)maps to wider conceptUAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no code specific to bed rails or their associated risks; UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any assistive/daily-living product or technology, of which a bed rail is one instance, making it a broader but structurally appropriate match.
713139009 (Assessment of risk of adverse drug interaction)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of medications in general, which includes reviewing for interactions; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to risk of adverse drug interactions rather than medication assessment overall.
713088006 (Assessment of risk of ineffective tissue perfusion)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code dedicated to tissue perfusion risk assessment; HT2.AA.ZZ is the nearest functional match as inadequate tissue perfusion is fundamentally a cardiovascular function problem, though the ICHI code is broader, covering all cardiovascular function assessment rather than perfusion specifically.
709513004 (Assessment of risk of thermoregulation disruption)maps to wider conceptETG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thermoregulatory function)ETG.AA.ZZ is a strong match at the domain level — both concern thermoregulatory function assessment — but the ICHI code covers thermoregulatory assessment broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to risk assessment for thermoregulation disruption, making ICHI the wider concept.
713136002 (Assessment of risk of violence)maps to wider conceptVB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified)VB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of violence-related behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about assessing the risk (likelihood) of future violence — a narrower clinical purpose; the ICHI code is the closest available match within the dedicated violence behaviours block but does not distinguish risk stratification from general behavioural assessment.
443693006 (Assessment of self medication)maps to wider conceptVAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours)VAD.AA.ZZ targets assessment of how a person uses pharmaceuticals, which closely aligns with assessing self-medication practices; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all pharmaceutical-use behaviour, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about self-administered medication without professional direction.
712550005 (Assessment of self-care of skin)maps to wider conceptSMC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of caring for body parts)SMC.AA.ZZ is the assessment code for caring for body parts (an activities-and-participation domain under self-care), which encompasses skin care as a specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all body parts, not skin specifically, and no skin-specific self-care assessment code exists in ICHI.
57251000087104 (Assessment of signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension)maps to wider conceptITA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood pressure functions)ITA.AA.ZZ is the ICHI code for assessing blood pressure functions, which is the primary physiological domain involved in orthostatic hypotension; however, it does not specify the postural/orthostatic context or the signs-and-symptoms framing, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
56881000087108 (Assessment of signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection)maps to wider conceptNT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating signs and symptoms indicative of urinary tract infection — a narrower, infection-focused clinical activity; no ICHI code exists that captures infection-specific symptom assessment of the lower urinary tract.
58371000087104 (Assessment of signs of spiritual distress)maps to wider conceptSXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of religious and spiritual engagement, but it does not capture the clinical notion of "spiritual distress" — a state of suffering affecting one's relationship to meaning, purpose, or the transcendent — making the ICHI code broader and the SNOMED concept more clinically focused.
330241000146101 (Assessment of social participation)maps to wider conceptSX1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified)SX1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engaging in community, social, and civic life broadly, which includes social participation but is wider in scope (adds community and civic dimensions); the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the domain of social participation, making ICHI slightly broader.
711017001 (Assessment of spiritual belief)maps to wider conceptSXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.AA.ZZ assesses engagement in religion and spirituality as an activity domain, which subsumes spiritual belief but is broader — it encompasses religious practice and participation, not just the assessment of beliefs held, while the SNOMED concept is more focused on eliciting a patient's spiritual or religious beliefs specifically.
473206008 (Assessment of stoma self-care)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self care in general with no specification of body site or appliance type; the SNOMED concept narrows this to stoma self-care specifically, and no ICHI code exists for stoma-specific self-care assessment, making SM1.AA.ZZ the best available but broader match.
370782005 (Assessment of susceptibility for infection)maps to wider conceptDTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of immunological system functions)ICHI's closest match addresses the immunological system broadly, which subsumes susceptibility to infection as a key component of immune function; however, ICHI does not have a code specifically for infection susceptibility assessment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
711014008 (Assessment of tissue perfusion)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)ICHI has no code specific to tissue perfusion assessment; "Assessment of blood vessel functions" is the closest fit as it covers vascular function evaluation, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically focuses on tissue-level perfusion status.
705033003 (Assessment of upper limb using lymphedema quality of life tool)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)ICHI has no code specific to lymphedema or upper limb quality of life measurement; "Test of quality of life" is the nearest available code but is substantially broader, covering any quality-of-life instrument applied to any condition, without the anatomical specificity (upper limb) or disease specificity (lymphedema) of the SNOMED concept.
450834006 (Assessment of ureterostomy tube)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)A ureterostomy is a specific type of urinary stoma, but ICHI has no dedicated ureterostomy assessment code; PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to a ureterostomy tube.
268390008 (Assessment of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for assessment of the urinary bladder as an anatomical structure; NAN.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the entire urinary system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept focused on the bladder alone.
385960004 (Assessment of urinary bladder care)maps to wider conceptNAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept concerns assessment of the care regimen for urinary bladder management (a nursing/care-planning concept), for which ICHI has no specific equivalent; NAN.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general urinary system assessment, but is broader and does not capture the "care assessment" dimension specifically.
56891000087105 (Assessment of walking fatigue)maps to wider conceptSJA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of walking)SJA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of walking as an activity/participation domain, which subsumes walking fatigue as one aspect of walking performance; however, ICHI has no code specific to the fatigue dimension of walking, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept which is specifically focused on the fatigue component experienced during walking.
717274000 (Assessment using 12 item General Health Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The GHQ-12 is a standardised questionnaire test of global psychosocial/mental health status, which aligns well with "Test of global psychosocial functions." ICHI is wider because it covers all methods of testing global psychosocial functions, not just the specific 12-item GHQ instrument, and does not encode item-count variants.
718378001 (Assessment using 20 item General Health Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The GHQ-20 is semantically identical in purpose to the GHQ-12 — a standardised psychosocial screening test — and maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish between item-count variants or named instruments.
715679003 (Assessment using 26 item Eating Attitudes Test)maps to wider conceptVEA.AC.ZZ (Test of eating behaviours)The EAT-26 is a standardised screening test of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, which maps well to "Test of eating behaviours" in the lifestyle-related behaviours hierarchy. ICHI is wider because it covers any method of testing eating behaviours, not specifically the named EAT-26 instrument.
718320005 (Assessment using 28-item General Health Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The GHQ-28 is a standardised test of global psychosocial health and maps to the same ICHI code as the other GHQ variants; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the specific instrument or item count.
717273006 (Assessment using 30 item General Health Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The GHQ-30 is a standardised psychosocial screening questionnaire and maps to the same ICHI code as all other GHQ variants; ICHI is wider as it captures the class of intervention without distinguishing instrument name or length.
714471004 (Assessment using Aachen Aphasia Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Aachen Aphasia Test is a formal standardised test of language function, which maps closely to ICHI action AC (Test) on target AUI (mental functions of language). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language function, while the SNOMED concept specifies one particular named instrument.
770637008 (Assessment using Abbey Pain Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Abbey Pain Scale is a behavioural observation tool for assessing pain in non-verbal patients, which maps directly to the ICHI target AXA (pain) with action AA (Assessment). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any method of pain assessment, not just this specific instrument.
1359736003 (Assessment using Abbreviated Mental Test Score)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The AMTS is a brief multi-domain cognitive screen covering orientation, memory, and concentration across several mental function domains, making the global mental functions code a better fit than any single-domain code such as memory or orientation alone. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all methods of assessing global mental functions, not just this instrument.
718332009 (Assessment using Acceptance of Illness Scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Acceptance of Illness Scale measures psychological adaptation and emotional adjustment to chronic disease, which falls within the ICHI domain of global psychosocial functions. The ICHI code is wider because it covers broad psychosocial function assessment rather than illness acceptance specifically.
450745001 (Assessment using action for dysphasic adults comprehension battery)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)Dysphasia is a disorder of language mental functions, and the "action for dysphasic adults comprehension battery" is a structured test instrument, making the "Test" (AC action) variant the better fit over generic "Assessment." ICHI covers all mental language function testing broadly, so it is wider than this specific comprehension battery for dysphasia.
443227006 (Assessment using activities-specific balance confidence scale)maps to wider conceptSHD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of maintaining body position)The ABC scale is a self-report measure of confidence in performing daily activities without losing balance, which maps to the ICHI activities-and-participation domain of maintaining body position. ICHI is wider as it covers any form of assessment of this function, not specifically a confidence/self-efficacy scale.
774199000 (Assessment using ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male) questionnaire)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The ADAM questionnaire screens for androgen (testosterone) deficiency, which is a disorder of endocrine gland function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, covering any endocrine gland function assessment rather than specifically male androgen deficiency.
473303003 (Assessment using Addenbrooke's cognitive examination revised)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The ACE-R is a standardised multi-domain cognitive test battery assessing higher-level cognitive functions such as memory, language, and attention; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the best structural match, though it is broader as it does not specify the ACE-R instrument or its multi-domain scope.
445662007 (Assessment using Addiction Research Foundation Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol)maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)The CIWA-Ar is a structured rating scale specifically for quantifying alcohol withdrawal severity, which is a clinical state following alcohol use; VAA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is wider, covering assessment of alcohol use behaviours generally rather than withdrawal severity specifically.
774200002 (Assessment using Additional treatment, Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, Separation of deep tissue, Isolation of bacteria, duration of inpatient Stay scoring method)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specific to surgical wound infection scoring; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the least-wrong available code, but it is substantially broader than the ASEPSIS scoring method, which is a targeted post-operative wound infection grading tool applied to a specific anatomical site.
446967005 (Assessment using adolescent/adult sensory profile)maps to wider conceptAV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)AV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sensory functions not classified elsewhere, which aligns with the Sensory Profile's purpose of evaluating sensory processing patterns, but it is broader in that it encompasses any sensory function assessment rather than the standardised sensory-processing questionnaire specifically.
446961006 (Assessment using adult comorbidity evaluation-27)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ACE-27 is a validated instrument for grading the severity of co-existing medical conditions to characterise overall health burden; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment at the whole-person level) is the closest available ICHI code but is far broader, capturing any general health assessment rather than structured comorbidity grading.
445627002 (Assessment using adult early warning scoring system)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Early warning scoring systems aggregate multi-parameter physiological observations to detect acute clinical deterioration, a function not represented by any specific ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest applicable code at the whole-person assessment level but does not capture the surveillance or deterioration-detection intent of the EWS.
774197003 (Assessment using Affect Balance Scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Affect Balance Scale directly measures emotional states (positive and negative affect) to quantify psychological wellbeing, making AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) the most specific available ICHI code; it is wider because it covers all emotional function assessment rather than the specific affect-balance methodology.
774087005 (Assessment using Age, Blood pressure, Clinical features, Duration, Diabetes 2 score)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The ABCD2 score is a structured clinical scoring tool specifically for predicting short-term stroke risk after a TIA, which falls within neurological assessment; "not elsewhere classified" is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader than this specific multi-parameter risk stratification tool.
446789002 (Assessment using ages and stages questionnaire second edition)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The ASQ-2 is a standardised parent-completed developmental screening questionnaire for children covering communication, gross/fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social domains, which maps closely to "Assessment of growth and development" in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the questionnaire instrument, edition, or the paediatric age range.
448616000 (Assessment using ages and stages questionnaires third edition)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The ASQ-3 is the updated version of the same developmental screening questionnaire as ASQ-2 and maps to the same ICHI code for the same reasons; both editions are subsumed under the broader "Assessment of growth and development" category with no ICHI distinction between instrument versions.
781139008 (Assessment using AIMS2 (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2))maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)AIMS2 is a validated multidimensional questionnaire measuring physical, social, and psychological health status in arthritis patients; "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified" captures the musculoskeletal focus of the instrument, though it is considerably broader and does not capture the functional/quality-of-life dimensions of AIMS2.
1290003007 (Assessment using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score)maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of brain, not elsewhere classified)ASPECTS is a standardised scoring method applied to a brain CT image to quantify early ischaemic changes in acute stroke; the closest ICHI code captures the imaging procedure (CT of brain) but does not encode the scoring/assessment activity layered on top of it. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any plain CT of the brain, not specifically the ASPECTS-score interpretation.
774091000 (Assessment using Alcohol Dependence Scale)maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)The Alcohol Dependence Scale is a structured psychometric instrument used to quantify severity of alcohol dependence, which falls squarely within assessing alcohol use behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any form of alcohol use behaviour assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the ADS instrument measuring dependence severity.
450760003 (Assessment using alcohol use disorders identification test)maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)AUDIT is a validated screening test (10-item questionnaire) for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, making it a "test" of alcohol use behaviours rather than a broader assessment. VAA.AC.ZZ is the best match but is still wider, as it encompasses any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than specifically the AUDIT instrument.
774090004 (Assessment using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Primary Care)maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)AUDIT-PC is the abbreviated primary care version of AUDIT — a brief screening test for alcohol use disorders — mapping to the same ICHI "test of alcohol use behaviours" code as the full AUDIT. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the AUDIT-PC instrument specifically nor the primary care setting context.
445628007 (Assessment using alcohol withdrawal scale)maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)An alcohol withdrawal scale (e.g. CIWA-Ar) measures the severity of acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms, which is an assessment concerning alcohol use and its consequences; VAA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code. It is wider because ICHI does not have a dedicated code for withdrawal symptom severity assessment and the category covers all alcohol use behaviour assessments broadly.
714359006 (Assessment using Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The ADAS is a structured standardised test (cognitive + non-cognitive subscales spanning memory, language, praxis, attention, and behaviour), which maps to the "Test" action (AC) on the global mental functions target (AT2) — the broadest mental function grouping. ICHI lacks any Alzheimer-specific or multi-domain cognitive scale code, so this residual global mental functions category is wider than the SNOMED concept.
715326003 (Assessment using American Association on Mental Retardation Adaptive Behavior Scale)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)Adaptive behaviour scales measure practical real-world functioning that operationalises intellectual disability, placing them squarely within the intellectual functions target (ATE); the "Test" action (AC) reflects the standardised scale format. ICHI has no dedicated adaptive behaviour code, so this is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
870189003 (Assessment using American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index-Daily Diary)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The GCSI-DD is a patient-reported daily symptom diary targeting gastroparesis, a gastric motility disorder — a functional impairment of the digestive system — which falls under the digestive functions target (KTE) with the assessment action (AA). ICHI contains no gastroparesis-specific or patient-diary code, making this broader category the best available match.
774088000 (Assessment using American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The ASA-PS is a pre-anesthetic classification of a patient's overall physical health status across all body systems, which maps best to the whole-person general health assessment target (PZB) in ICHI. No pre-anesthetic risk stratification or surgical fitness assessment code exists in ICHI, so this general code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
718645000 (Assessment using Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The ALSFRS-R is a multi-domain functional rating scale for ALS/MND covering bulbar, upper and lower limb motor, and respiratory domains, making it a comprehensive neurological assessment rather than a single-domain movement test; the NEC neurological assessment code (AZZ.AA.ZZ) best captures this multi-system neurological scope. ICHI has no ALS-specific or multi-domain motor neuron disease functional scale code.
716849001 (Assessment using ANELT (Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)ANELT is a standardized test instrument measuring functional verbal communication in aphasic patients, which maps squarely to the "Test of mental functions of language" target axis (AUI = mental functions of language, AC = test). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all language mental function testing rather than the specific ANELT instrument assessing functional everyday communication.
715321008 (Assessment using Anomalous Sentences Repetition Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Anomalous Sentences Repetition Test assesses auditory language comprehension and verbal repetition, both of which are mental functions of language; the AUI target axis specifically covers language mental functions and AC denotes a test procedure. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all language mental function testing rather than this specific instrument targeting auditory comprehension and repetition.
445814003 (Assessment using anorexia nervosa stages of change questionnaire)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)The anorexia nervosa stages of change questionnaire measures motivational readiness to change eating behaviours, which falls within the eating behaviours target domain (VEA); the AA action axis denotes assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of eating behaviours generally, while the SNOMED concept specifically assesses motivational/psychological readiness to change in the context of anorexia nervosa.
763242009 (Assessment using Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)The ACB Scale evaluates the cumulative anticholinergic burden of a patient's medication regimen, which is fundamentally an assessment of medications (UAC = medicaments target, AA = assessment action). The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all medication assessment rather than specifically scoring anticholinergic drug burden and its cognitive impact.
781141009 (Assessment using APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)APACHE II is a composite ICU severity-of-illness scoring system integrating acute physiological parameters, age, and chronic health status across multiple organ systems, making it a whole-person general health assessment (PZB = whole person target, AA = assessment action). The ICHI code is wider because it captures any general health assessment, whereas APACHE II is a specific validated scoring tool used to predict ICU mortality risk.
781143007 (Assessment using APACHE III (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for ICU illness-severity or mortality-prediction scoring systems; "General health assessment" (whole-person target, assessment action) is the broadest applicable code but encompasses far more than the APACHE III composite physiological score. No narrower code exists in ICHI for prognostic severity scoring in critical care.
1351473004 (Assessment using APACHE IV (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)APACHE IV is a later revision of the same ICU severity-scoring methodology as APACHE III, and maps to the same ICHI code for the same reason — ICHI has no concept granular enough to represent mortality-prediction scoring in intensive care, making the whole-person general health assessment the only viable landing point.
715396009 (Assessment using Aphasia Screening Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)Aphasia is a disorder of the mental functions of language, and the Aphasia Screening Test is a formal test instrument targeting that domain; AUI.AC.ZZ (target = mental functions of language, action = test, means = unspecified) captures both the action and the domain correctly. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language functions, not exclusively an aphasia screen.
774097001 (Assessment using Apnea Hypopnea Index)maps to wider conceptATK.AI.AH (Polysomnogram)The Apnea Hypopnea Index is a derived metric calculated from polysomnographic data (apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep), making the polysomnogram the closest procedural match in ICHI; ATK.AI.AH is wider because it represents the full overnight sleep study rather than the specific AHI calculation alone.
716211005 (Assessment using Apraxia Battery for Adults)maps to wider conceptAUK.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of sequencing complex movements)Apraxia is clinically defined as an impairment of the mental functions of sequencing complex movements, and the Apraxia Battery for Adults is a standardised test instrument for that domain; AUK.AC.ZZ (target = mental functions of sequencing complex movements, action = test) maps accurately to the purpose of the assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of this function, not exclusively the ABA instrument.
716875002 (Assessment using APT (Attention Process Training) Test)maps to wider conceptAUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions)The APT Test is a standardised test battery specifically targeting sustained, selective, alternating, and divided attention, which maps directly to the ICHI "attention functions" target (AUA) with the Test action (AC). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of attention functions and is not specific to the APT instrument or its multi-domain structure.
716727004 (Assessment using Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The ABCD battery evaluates cognitive-communicative abilities in dementia across memory, orientation, language, and visuospatial domains, which falls under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. The code is wider because it does not capture the specific focus on communication disorders or dementia context, and the ABCD also spans language functions (AUI) which are not reflected in this single code.
446219005 (Assessment using Arnadottir Occupational Therapy Activities of Daily Living Neurobehavioral Evaluation)maps to wider conceptSM1.AC.ZZ (Test of self care, unspecified)The A-ONE assessment rates ADL task performance (the primary observable output coded here as self-care test) while simultaneously profiling underlying neurobehavioral impairments, so the ICHI code is wider as it captures only the ADL/self-care dimension and does not reflect the instrument's concurrent neurobehavioral evaluation component.
445809002 (Assessment using arthritis hand function test)maps to wider conceptMV2.AC.ZZ (Test of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)The AHFT measures hand-specific functional movement (grip strength, pinch, dexterity, timed tasks) in arthritis patients, which sits within the musculoskeletal movement functions block in ICHI. The code is wider because it covers all movement function tests regardless of body region, disease context, or the specific combination of grip, pinch, and task-timing measures the AHFT uses.
446766005 (Assessment using Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)AIMS is a multi-domain patient-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of arthritis across physical, social, pain, and psychological domains — aligning with the whole-person quality-of-life test in ICHI. The code is wider because it applies to any quality-of-life test and does not specify arthritis, the particular domains covered, or the instrument's disease-specific focus.
445815002 (Assessment using assessment of communication and interaction skill version 4.0)maps to wider conceptSR1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)The ACIS (Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills) is a structured observational tool rating a person's social interaction and communication performance during occupation; SR1.AA.ZZ covers interpersonal interaction assessment broadly but does not specify the standardised ACIS instrument or its occupational performance context. ICHI is wider than this specific named assessment.
718725002 (Assessment using Assessment of Comprehension and Expression 6-11)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The ACE 6-11 is a standardised battery specifically assessing language comprehension and expression in children aged 6-11; AUI.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions of language generally, which encompasses both comprehension and expression but is broader as it does not specify the named instrument, age range, or paediatric focus.
716776005 (Assessment using Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech)maps to wider conceptJUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of articulation functions)Dysarthric speech intelligibility is fundamentally a motor speech/articulation function deficit; JUD.AA.ZZ (assessment of articulation functions) is the most specific available ICHI code for this domain. The ICHI code is wider because it covers articulation assessment broadly, not specifically the standardised AIDS instrument or its intelligibility rating methodology.
718323007 (Assessment using Assessment Protocol of Pragmatic Linguistic Skills)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)Pragmatic linguistic skills — the functional use of language in social context — fall within the domain of mental functions of language; AUI.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code covering language function assessment. It is wider than this concept because it does not specify pragmatics as a subdomain nor the standardised APPLS instrument.
763078008 (Assessment using Asthma Control Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The Asthma Control Questionnaire is a disease-specific patient-reported measure of asthma symptom control, whereas JTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of respiration function broadly with no asthma-specific counterpart available in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
715814000 (Assessment using Attentional Capacity Test)maps to wider conceptAUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions)AUA.AC.ZZ directly represents a formal test of attention functions, aligning well with the Attentional Capacity Test; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any test of attention functions and is not limited to the specific capacity/span paradigm of this particular instrument.
763302001 (Assessment using AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption))maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)The AUDIT-C is a validated 3-item screening test specifically targeting alcohol consumption quantity and frequency, and VAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours) is the closest ICHI code covering formal testing of alcohol use; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than this specific validated instrument.
717275004 (Assessment using Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences evaluates a person's ability to understand spoken language — a specific test of language mental functions. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader, covering all language mental function testing rather than specifically auditory/sentence comprehension.
716370001 (Assessment using Augmentative Communication Profile)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Augmentative Communication Profile assesses communication abilities and AAC needs in people with severe communication impairments — fundamentally an assessment of language function. AUI.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as ICHI has no code specific to AAC or alternative/augmentative communication assessment.
865922007 (Assessment using Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire is a standardised tool to screen for autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by global psychosocial and social interaction impairments; ATF.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI fit, though it is broader since ICHI has no specific code for autism spectrum screening.
715910005 (Assessment using BaFPE (Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation))maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The BaFPE is an occupational therapy tool evaluating task performance and social interaction to assess overall functional performance in psychiatric populations. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though broader — ICHI lacks a code for occupational performance evaluation or psychiatric functional assessment.
715890005 (Assessment using Bangor Dyslexia Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)The Bangor Dyslexia Test is a structured assessment of reading and language abilities specifically designed to identify dyslexia, while ICHI's "Test of reading" captures the reading domain but is broader — it covers any reading test rather than one targeting dyslexia specifically.
716844006 (Assessment using Bankson Language Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Bankson Language Test is a standardized instrument measuring language skills (semantics, morphology, syntax) in children, which maps well to ICHI's "Test of mental functions of language"; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any language function test rather than this specific instrument.
718992004 (Assessment using BAS-3 (British Ability Scales Third Edition))maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)BAS-3 is a comprehensive cognitive ability battery measuring intellectual and cognitive functions in children and adolescents, aligning with ICHI's "Test of intellectual functions"; the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to this instrument or to the multi-domain cognitive battery format.
105491000220107 (Assessment using Basic Periodontal Examination)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)The Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) is a structured periodontal probing and scoring procedure specific to the periodontium (gums and supporting tissues), while ICHI's "Dental examination" is the closest available code but encompasses all dental examination broadly, with no dedicated periodontal assessment code in the classification.
763232007 (Assessment using BASMI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index))maps to wider conceptMTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)BASMI is a disease-specific composite index measuring spinal and hip mobility in ankylosing spondylitis using five physical measurements, while ICHI's "Assessment of joint mobility" is the best structural match but is broader — it applies to any joint, any condition, and any assessment approach rather than this validated index.
1296652000 (Assessment using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)BASDAI is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure quantifying inflammatory disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis across multiple symptom domains (fatigue, pain, stiffness, enthesitis); ICHI provides no named-scale or disease-specific code, so the generic musculoskeletal system assessment NEC is the best available fit, but it is considerably broader than the specific tool.
1296650008 (Assessment using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index)maps to wider conceptMTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)BASFI measures physical function and disability in ankylosing spondylitis through tasks heavily dependent on spinal and peripheral joint mobility and flexibility; MTB.AA.ZZ captures the dominant functional domain assessed, though BASFI also includes broader daily-activity items not limited to joint mobility alone.
715911009 (Assessment using Bayley Scales of Infant Development)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Bayley Scales comprehensively assess infant development across cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behaviour domains; AT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for a broad multi-domain developmental assessment, but ICHI does not represent the motor and adaptive dimensions and the code is inherently broader.
715809004 (Assessment using BBCS (Bracken Basic Concept Scale))maps to wider conceptATE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of intellectual functions)The Bracken Basic Concept Scale assesses mastery of foundational academic concepts (colours, letters, numbers, sizes, comparisons) in young children, which ICHI best maps to assessment of intellectual functions; however, this ICHI code covers all intellectual functions broadly and is not specific to school-readiness concept knowledge.
716598004 (Assessment using Beck Anxiety Inventory)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a validated patient-reported scale measuring the severity of anxiety symptoms; ICHI classifies anxiety under emotional functions, making AUD.AA.ZZ the best available match, though the code encompasses all emotional functions and is not specific to anxiety assessment.
446765009 (Assessment using Beck depression inventory)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Beck Depression Inventory is a standardised self-report test specifically measuring depressive symptom severity, which falls within emotional functions. ICHI's code covers any test of emotional functions broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept's named instrument.
717268000 (Assessment using Beck Depression Inventory II)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The BDI-II is the revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory and shares the same clinical scope — testing emotional/affective functions related to depression. ICHI has no instrument-specific code, so the broader "test of emotional functions" is the best available match.
717317000 (Assessment using Beck Hopelessness Scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Beck Hopelessness Scale measures negative future-oriented cognitions and emotional states (hopelessness) used in suicide risk evaluation; this falls within the domain of emotional functions. ICHI provides no instrument-specific or hopelessness-specific code, so the broader emotional functions test code is the closest available match.
719145006 (Assessment using Bedside Evaluation Screening Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The BEST-2 is a bedside aphasia screening instrument that assesses receptive and expressive language functions in patients after stroke or brain injury. ICHI's "test of mental functions of language" covers this domain, but is broader as it applies to any language function test rather than the specific BEST-2 instrument.
715304004 (Assessment using Behavior Assessment Battery)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The Behavior Assessment Battery is a structured multi-domain assessment of communication, symbolic play, and interaction used primarily for individuals with severe intellectual disabilities or autism; intellectual functions is the closest ICHI domain. ICHI provides no code specific to this battery or to adaptive behaviour profiling in intellectual disability, making this a wider match.
870187001 (Assessment using Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)BASC-2 is a standardised rating scale specifically assessing emotional, social, and behavioural functioning in children and adolescents. ATF.AA.ZZ covers the broad global psychosocial domain that includes these dimensions but lacks specificity to the child population or to the BASC-2 instrument itself.
715320009 (Assessment using Behavior Problem Checklist)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Behavior Problem Checklist is a structured checklist assessing conduct, personality, and emotional/behavioural problems, which falls under the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AA.ZZ is broader, covering all global psychosocial assessment rather than focusing specifically on behavioural problems.
445813009 (Assessment using behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The BADS battery directly evaluates executive dysfunction — planning, cognitive flexibility, and problem-solving — which are classified under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. AUH.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is broader, encompassing all higher-level cognitive assessment rather than executive function specifically.
716852009 (Assessment using Behavioral Inattention Test)maps to wider conceptAUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attention functions)The Behavioral Inattention Test specifically assesses unilateral spatial neglect, which is a deficit of attentional (visuo-spatial) processing. AUA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attention functions broadly and is the closest match, though ICHI does not distinguish the spatial neglect subtype.
718294006 (Assessment using Behavioral Screening Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Behavioral Screening Questionnaire screens for early behavioural and emotional problems, fitting within the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI does not have a specific code for standardised behavioural screening questionnaires.
450358002 (Assessment using benign prostatic hyperplasia impact index)maps to wider conceptNTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urination functions)The BPH Impact Index is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (specifically urination problems caused by BPH) on quality of life; NTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urination functions broadly but does not capture the BPH-specific or quality-of-life impact dimension of the instrument.
445782003 (Assessment using binary individualized outcome measure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Binary Individualized Outcome Measure is a generic patient-centred outcome tool applicable across any health domain; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is considerably broader, covering all aspects of a general health assessment rather than a structured patient-individualised outcome measurement instrument.
716216000 (Assessment using Birmingham Object Recognition Battery)maps to wider conceptAUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of perceptual function)The Birmingham Object Recognition Battery (BORB) is a standardised neuropsychological test of visual object recognition, targeting perceptual processing; AUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of perceptual functions broadly, which encompasses visual object recognition but is not specific to that domain or to the use of a formal battery instrument.
840553006 (Assessment using Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) is a validated clinical assessment tool measuring the activity of systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels); ITB.AA.ZZ covers functional assessment of blood vessels and is the closest anatomical domain match, but BVAS is a multi-system disease activity index and ICHI has no code specific to vasculitis activity scoring.
718516005 (Assessment using BLADES (Bristol Language Assessment Scale))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)BLADES is a standardised language assessment scale; AUI.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of mental functions of language, making it the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader than the specific use of the BLADES instrument.
716167006 (Assessment using Boehm 3 Preschool)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The Boehm-3 Preschool is a standardised test of basic relational concept understanding in young children, which falls within intellectual/cognitive function assessment. ICHI has no paediatric-specific or concept-knowledge-specific test code, so the broader intellectual functions test code is the best available match.
716137000 (Assessment using Boone Voice Program for Children)maps to wider conceptJUB.AC.ZZ (Test of voice functions)The Boone Voice Program for Children is a structured diagnostic protocol assessing voice quality and characteristics, which maps directly to testing voice functions. The ICHI code does not capture the paediatric specificity or the named programme, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
715330000 (Assessment using Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is a comprehensive standardised test of language functions used to evaluate aphasia, which aligns closely with testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the aphasia context or the named instrument.
716141001 (Assessment using Boston Naming Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Boston Naming Test assesses confrontation naming ability, a specific aspect of language mental function (word retrieval), which falls within the scope of testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all language mental functions rather than naming specifically.
716603007 (Assessment using Bracken Basic Concept Scale - Third Edition: Receptive)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The Bracken Basic Concept Scale (Receptive) tests comprehension of basic concepts such as colour, shape, size, and quantity in children, which is a measure of intellectual/cognitive function. ICHI provides no code specific to basic concept assessment or receptive cognitive scales, so the broader intellectual functions test code is the best available fit.
717006009 (Assessment using Bracken Basic Concept Scale Expressive)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Bracken Basic Concept Scale Expressive is a standardised test measuring expressive language and concept acquisition in children. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader — it covers any test of language mental function, not specifically the Bracken instrument or its expressive/concept-vocabulary focus.
443512007 (Assessment using Braden Scale)maps to wider conceptLTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin)The Braden Scale assesses risk of pressure ulcer development by evaluating skin integrity and protective skin function. LTC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader as it covers all assessments of protective skin functions rather than being specific to the Braden risk-scoring instrument.
717310003 (Assessment using Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The BASDEC is a validated card-sort tool specifically designed to screen for depression (an emotional/affective disorder). AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all emotional function assessments rather than depression screening specifically.
445806009 (Assessment using brief pain coping inventory)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Brief Pain Coping Inventory assesses how a patient copes with pain, which falls within the broader domain of pain assessment. AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it does not distinguish coping-strategy inventories from other forms of pain assessment.
446790006 (Assessment using brief pain inventory)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ covers pain assessment in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular validated tool (the Brief Pain Inventory). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument used.
714343006 (Assessment using Brief Parental Self-efficacy Scale)maps to wider conceptVEJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of parenting behaviours)VEJ.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of parenting behaviours, which aligns with the domain of parental self-efficacy. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the use of any particular scale or the self-efficacy construct specifically.
445649008 (Assessment using Brighton pediatric early warning score)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for paediatric early warning scoring or clinical deterioration surveillance; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best approximation, but it is significantly broader and does not capture the risk-stratification or paediatric-specific nature of the Brighton PEWS tool.
445807000 (Assessment using Bristol activities of daily living scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Bristol ADL scale measures functional independence across daily living tasks, which falls most naturally under general health assessment in ICHI. No specific ADL-scale or functional independence assessment code exists, so PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest but considerably broader match.
763082005 (Assessment using Bristol Foot Score)maps to wider conceptMVG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of gait pattern)The Bristol Foot Score assesses foot pain, function, and deformity; MVG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of gait pattern) captures the functional/locomotor dimension most closely, but ICHI has no code specifically for foot function assessment, making this a broader approximate match.
443510004 (Assessment using Bristol stool form scale)maps to wider conceptKTK.AC.ZZ (Test of defaecation functions)The Bristol Stool Form Scale is a specific clinical tool for characterising stool consistency as a proxy for gut transit time and defaecation function, which maps well into the defaecation functions target (KTK). ICHI's code is wider because it encompasses any test of defaecation function, not just the Bristol scale specifically.
1284871000 (Assessment using Bromage Scale)maps to wider conceptMU2.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)The Bromage Scale assesses the degree of lower limb motor blockade (muscle movement capacity) resulting from neuraxial anaesthesia, making muscle function testing the closest ICHI target. The code is wider as it covers any muscle function test, not the specific context of neuraxial block assessment.
715913007 (Assessment using Bryant and Bradley Rhyming Task)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Bryant and Bradley Rhyming Task is a phonological awareness test used to assess children's language and pre-reading ability, which falls within mental functions of language in the ICHI hierarchy. The code is wider as it covers all language function testing, while the SNOMED concept specifies one particular instrument.
715893007 (Assessment using Buffalo III Voice Profile)maps to wider conceptJUB.AC.ZZ (Test of voice functions)The Buffalo III Voice Profile is a standardised perceptual rating instrument for assessing voice quality and disorders, which maps directly to the ICHI target of voice functions. The code is wider as it covers any test of voice functions rather than the Buffalo III instrument specifically.
446969008 (Assessment using bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh)maps to wider conceptVEA.AC.ZZ (Test of eating behaviours)The BITE (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh) is a validated questionnaire for detecting bulimic symptoms and disordered eating behaviours, which aligns with the ICHI eating behaviours target (VEA) under health-related behaviours. The code is wider as it covers any test of eating behaviours, not the specific instrument or bulimic pathology context.
718916000 (Assessment using CAARMS (Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States))maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)CAARMS is a structured interview specifically designed to detect ultra-high risk (prodromal) psychosis states, which is a narrower clinical purpose than ICHI's broader assessment of global psychosocial functions. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest available code — it covers global psychosocial function assessment including mental state evaluation — but it does not capture the psychosis-risk-specific focus of CAARMS.
763303006 (Assessment using CAGE (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling and Eye-openers) Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)The CAGE questionnaire is a standardised 4-item screening test specifically for problematic alcohol use, which maps well to the ICHI Test of alcohol use behaviours target axis (VAA = alcohol use behaviours, AC = test/screening). ICHI does not distinguish between individual named screening tools, so this code is broader than the specific CAGE instrument.
719147003 (Assessment using California Verbal Learning Test Children's Version)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The CVLT-C is a neuropsychological test that specifically measures verbal learning and episodic memory across multiple trials in children; AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the most precise available ICHI code for a standardised memory test, sitting within the Interventions on memory functions block. ICHI does not distinguish the paediatric version, verbal modality specificity, or the learning-curve component, making it broader.
719148008 (Assessment using California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The CVLT-2 is the adult version of the same verbal learning and episodic memory battery; like the children's version it maps best to AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory). ICHI does not capture the verbal learning or edition-specific distinctions, making the ICHI code broader than this specific instrument.
716547005 (Assessment using Callier-Azusa Scale)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)The Callier-Azusa Scale is a multidomain developmental assessment instrument designed for children who are deaf-blind, covering motor, communication, daily living, cognition, and social development — no single ICHI code captures this cross-domain scope. AS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified) is the least-specific residual code within the mental functions block and serves as the best available approximation, though it omits the sensory, motor, and activities-of-daily-living dimensions the scale also covers.
715195002 (Assessment using Cambridge Apraxia Battery)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)Apraxia is a disorder of purposeful learned motor movements (psychomotor function), and AUC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering assessment of psychomotor functions. The ICHI code is broader, as it covers all psychomotor assessments and does not specify the Cambridge Apraxia Battery instrument or apraxia as a distinct entity.
763229009 (Assessment using Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris)maps to wider conceptHTM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of exercise tolerance functions)The CCS angina grading scale classifies symptom severity based on the degree of physical activity that triggers angina, making exercise tolerance the functional domain being assessed; HTM.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any exercise tolerance assessment, not specifically angina grading with the CCS instrument.
445781005 (Assessment using Canadian occupational performance measure)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)The COPM measures a client's self-perceived performance and satisfaction across self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations — all falling under the ICF activities and participation domain, with undertaking tasks as the closest ICHI target. The ICHI code is broader because COPM spans multiple activity domains and the instrument is not specified in ICHI.
1366587004 (Assessment using Cantril Ladder)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The Cantril Ladder is a validated self-report scale where respondents rate their overall life satisfaction on a 0–10 ladder, which maps most directly to quality of life measurement at the whole-person level. The ICHI code is broader, as it covers any quality-of-life test and does not reference the specific Cantril instrument or its subjective wellbeing framing.
715766001 (Assessment using CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice))maps to wider conceptJUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of voice functions)CAPE-V is a standardised auditory-perceptual protocol used by clinicians to assess voice quality attributes (roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, loudness), which maps precisely to the ICHI target of voice functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any voice function assessment and does not specify the CAPE-V instrument.
868187001 (Assessment using Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble Screening Test)maps to wider conceptVA1.AC.ZZ (Test of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)The CRAFFT is a validated screening instrument specifically for adolescent alcohol and drug use, while VA1.AC.ZZ covers substance-related and addictive behaviours generically without restricting to a specific named tool or age group. The ICHI code is broader in both substance scope and population specificity.
763072009 (Assessment using Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile)maps to wider conceptHT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)The Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile is a specific patient-reported outcome instrument measuring cardiovascular symptom burden and functional limitation, whereas HT2.AC.ZZ covers any test of cardiovascular system functions not elsewhere classified. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the named instrument or the patient-reported/questionnaire modality.
446792003 (Assessment using career interest test)maps to wider conceptSU2.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)A career interest test assesses a person's vocational aptitudes and occupational preferences, which falls within the domain of work and employment in ICHI; however, SU2.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses any test related to engaging in work and employment rather than specifically career interest or vocational interest profiling.
716850001 (Assessment using Carrow Elicited Language Inventory)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Carrow Elicited Language Inventory is a specific standardised test of children's syntactic and grammatical language production, while AUI.AA.ZZ broadly covers assessment of mental functions of language without specifying any named instrument, age group, or language domain (receptive vs. expressive/syntactic).
718372000 (Assessment using CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating))maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)CDR is a specific structured rating scale targeting the multi-domain cognitive profile of dementia (memory, orientation, judgment, problem-solving, community affairs, home and hobbies), which maps squarely within higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of higher-level cognition, not exclusively the CDR instrument or dementia staging.
719083005 (Assessment using CELF-5 (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Fifth Edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)CELF-5 is a standardised battery measuring receptive and expressive language structure, content, and memory, which are all components of the mental functions of language that AUI.AA.ZZ covers. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any assessment of language mental functions, not just the CELF-5 instrument.
445783008 (Assessment using checklist for autism in toddlers)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The CHAT instrument screens for early autism by evaluating social communication, joint attention, and play — all components of global psychosocial functioning — making ATF.AA.ZZ the best available fit. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any psychosocial functional assessment and does not reflect autism-specific or early developmental screening.
716140000 (Assessment using Checklist of Communication Competencies)maps to wider conceptSFA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speaking)The Checklist of Communication Competencies is a specific standardised instrument assessing expressive communication/speaking abilities; SFA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of speaking broadly, which is the best available ICHI match but is wider than the named-checklist SNOMED concept.
445816001 (Assessment using Chessington occupational therapy neurological assessment battery)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The Chessington OT Neurological Assessment Battery (COTNAB) is a named neuropsychological/functional battery used by occupational therapists; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering neurological assessment not elsewhere classified, but it is broader than this specific tool and does not capture the occupational therapy framing.
725830007 (Assessment using Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation)maps to wider conceptSZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified)The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation measures engagement across home, school, and community settings — squarely within the ICHI activities and participation domain (S-targets). No specific assessment of participation category exists; SZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the least specific but most honest match within the correct domain, and is broader than the named scale.
445817005 (Assessment using child occupational self assessment version 2.1)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA) is a self-report tool measuring a child's perception of their own occupational competence across self-care and daily activities; SM1.AA.ZZ (assessment of self care, unspecified) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not capture the self-report or occupational therapy perspective of the named instrument.
905291000000102 (Assessment using Childhood Asthma Control Test)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The Childhood Asthma Control Test is a validated questionnaire measuring symptom control in paediatric asthma, which is a respiratory function assessment; JTB.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it covers respiration function assessment generically without specificity for asthma control or the paediatric context.
445818000 (Assessment using childhood health assessment questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) measures physical functional disability in children, particularly in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ICHI has no specific musculoskeletal or paediatric functional disability assessment code, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available match, but it is broader — encompassing all aspects of general health rather than specifically physical function.
725821004 (Assessment using Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment)maps to wider conceptSZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified)The CAPE measures the breadth, diversity, enjoyment, and context of children's participation in everyday activities — a construct squarely within the ICF activities and participation domain. ICHI has no specific participation assessment code; SZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified) is the most contextually appropriate match but is broader and unspecific.
718724003 (Assessment using Children's Communication Checklist Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The CCC-2 assesses pragmatic language and communication abilities including semantics, syntax, and social use of language in children. ICHI's AUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language) covers the core language function domain being evaluated, though it is broader than this specific standardised checklist instrument.
868188006 (Assessment using Children's Global Assessment Scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The CGAS is a clinician-rated scale measuring overall psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents on a single global dimension. ICHI's ATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions) directly corresponds to the target construct, though it is broader in that it is not limited to the specific CGAS instrument or to children.
719336003 (Assessment using Children's Test of Nonword Repetition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Children's Test of Nonword Repetition is a specific standardised instrument assessing phonological short-term memory via a language test, which falls within the ICHI category for testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of language function regardless of the specific instrument or patient age group.
763104007 (Assessment using Christo Inventory for Substance-misuse Services)maps to wider conceptVA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)The Christo Inventory (CISS) is a structured assessment tool targeting substance misuse across multiple substances, which maps best to the unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours assessment category rather than any single-substance category (alcohol VAA or illicit drugs VAC). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify a particular inventory instrument or restrict to a single substance type.
445811006 (Assessment using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test)maps to wider conceptJT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a standardised questionnaire measuring health status impact of COPD, which falls within the ICHI category for testing respiratory system functions. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all tests of respiratory function rather than being specific to COPD or to patient-reported outcome instruments.
445810007 (Assessment using Clifton assessment procedures for the elderly)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE) assess cognitive and behavioural competence in older adults, covering global mental functions including orientation, memory, and psychosocial functioning. The ICHI code for assessment of global mental functions NEC is the best fit, though it is broader since it does not restrict to elderly patients or to the specific combined cognitive-behavioural scope of the CAPE instrument.
445602009 (Assessment using clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The SNOMED concept specifies a named self-report questionnaire (CCQ) targeting COPD symptoms and functional status, while JTB.AA.ZZ covers all forms of respiration function assessment regardless of instrument or tool; no ICHI code exists for questionnaire-based or COPD-specific assessment.
763700006 (Assessment using Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale)maps to wider conceptVAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of illicit drug use behaviours)The COWS is specifically designed to rate opioid withdrawal severity, which falls squarely within the substance-related behaviours chapter; VAC.AA.ZZ is the best-fit ICHI assessment code for this domain but is broader because it covers all illicit drug use behaviour assessment, not withdrawal severity measurement specifically.
714350005 (Assessment using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)CORE-OM is a multi-domain self-report measure of psychological distress, wellbeing, functioning, and risk, closely aligned with global psychosocial functioning; ATF.AA.ZZ captures the broad psychosocial scope of CORE-OM but is wider as it does not specify the named instrument or the outcome-measurement purpose.
1351970007 (Assessment using Clinical Risk Index for Babies)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)CRIB is a neonatal illness severity scoring tool used in intensive care to predict mortality risk in newborns; no ICHI code exists for neonatal-specific risk scoring, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under Interventions on whole person) is the best available match, though it is substantially broader and lacks any neonatal or risk-stratification specificity.
1357716008 (Assessment using Clinical Risk Index for Babies II)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)CRIB II is a neonatal illness severity scoring tool used to estimate mortality risk in sick newborns; no ICHI code corresponds to a named neonatal risk index or neonatal-specific assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, targeting the whole person) is the broadest available ICHI match, but it is considerably wider than the specific, quantified perinatal risk stratification that CRIB II performs.
446072003 (Assessment using clinical test of opposition and counter-opposition of thumb)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)Opposition and counter-opposition of the thumb is a standard clinical bedside test of thenar muscle power. MUB.AC.ZZ captures the test modality and functional domain precisely, but the ICHI code is body-part-agnostic and applies to any muscle group, making it wider than the thumb-specific SNOMED concept.
445808005 (Assessment using cognitive assessment of Minnesota)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Cognitive Assessment of Minnesota (CAM) is a standardised battery evaluating attention, memory, and higher-order cognitive and executive functions. AUH.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match given CAM's emphasis on executive and multi-domain cognition, but it is wider as it does not name any specific instrument and does not distinguish a multi-domain battery.
719978000 (Assessment using Communication Activities of Daily Living Second Edition)maps to wider conceptSFA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speaking)CADL-2 is a standardised test of functional communication in everyday life, primarily used for adults with aphasia, covering speaking, listening, reading, and writing. SFA.AA.ZZ is the best single ICHI category but is wider in that it covers only the speaking dimension; the full multi-modal scope of CADL-2 spans both producing and receiving communication domains not captured by a single ICHI code.
718322002 (Assessment using Communication Assessment Profile)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Communication Assessment Profile evaluates functional communicative ability (verbal, non-verbal, and pragmatic language), which falls within the ICHI domain of mental functions of language. ICHI has no code for this specific named instrument, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
445819008 (Assessment using communication skills questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)A communication skills questionnaire assesses expressive and receptive language and pragmatic communication, all of which are covered by the ICHI concept of mental functions of language assessment. ICHI lacks a specific code for questionnaire-based communication skills assessment, making the ICHI code broader.
715811008 (Assessment using Computerized Assessment of Response Bias)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The CARB tests cognitive effort and symptom validity, which are aspects of higher-level cognitive functioning; ICHI has no dedicated code for effort or validity testing. The higher-level cognitive functions assessment code is the best available match, though it is broader than this specific instrument's purpose.
1351492002 (Assessment using Confusion Assessment Method)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)The CAM is a standardised tool for detecting delirium, primarily targeting altered level of consciousness and arousal — the core domain of ICHI's awareness and alertness functions assessment. ICHI has no specific code for delirium screening instruments, so the ICHI code is broader than this named-instrument SNOMED concept.
708018005 (Assessment using congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 2, diabetes mellitus, stroke 2 - vascular disease, age, sex category score)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a structured clinical assessment of composite cardiovascular risk factors used to stratify stroke risk in atrial fibrillation; HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly but does not capture the specific multi-factor stroke risk scoring nature of the tool. No ICHI code exists for structured cardiovascular risk scoring.
450751006 (Assessment using conversation analysis profile for people with cognitive impairment)maps to wider conceptSGA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of having a conversation)The CAPPCI evaluates conversational ability and communication patterns in cognitively impaired individuals; SGA.AA.ZZ captures the core conversational domain but is broader, as it does not restrict to the cognitive impairment population or the structured profile methodology.
736710001 (Assessment using CPAx (Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool))maps to wider conceptMUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of muscle power functions)The CPAx is a ten-item tool assessing physical morbidity in ICU patients across respiratory, balance, mobility, and grip strength domains; MUB.AA.ZZ captures the dominant physical/muscle-power dimension but is broader, as the tool is multi-domain and no single ICHI code encompasses the full composite physical capacity assessment in critical care.
781133009 (Assessment using CPT (Cognitive Performance Test))maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The CPT is a structured standardised test of higher-level cognitive functions (planning, problem-solving, executive function in everyday tasks), aligning closely with AUH.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of higher-level cognitive functions, not the specific CPT instrument.
718709007 (Assessment using Crichton Vocabulary Scale)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Crichton Vocabulary Scale is a formal vocabulary/word-knowledge test used to assess premorbid intelligence and language comprehension, mapping well to AUI.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any language mental function test.
1162446003 (Assessment using Crohn's Disease Activity Index)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The CDAI is a structured scoring tool for assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease, which is a condition of the digestive system; KTE.AA.ZZ captures the domain of digestive function assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of any digestive function, not specifically inflammatory bowel disease activity indices.
763228001 (Assessment using CSHA (Canadian Study of Health and Aging) Clinical Frailty Scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale rates overall frailty and functional status of the whole person across multiple dimensions (cognition, mobility, comorbidities), mapping most closely to a general health assessment of the whole person. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any general health assessment rather than a frailty-specific instrument.
718327008 (Assessment using CTT (Consonant Trigrams Test))maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The CTT (also known as the Brown-Peterson task) is a formal test of short-term and working memory in which participants must recall consonant trigrams after a filled delay, making AUB.AC.ZZ the best match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any memory test rather than the CTT instrument specifically.
865923002 (Assessment using Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index)maps to wider conceptLT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)The CDASI is a structured clinician-rated assessment of skin involvement in dermatomyositis, which falls within assessment of skin functions. LT2.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all skin function assessments and does not capture the muscle-involvement dimension of dermatomyositis.
445812004 (Assessment using Dallas pain questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Dallas Pain Questionnaire is a self-report instrument measuring the impact of chronic low back pain on daily activities and psychosocial functioning; AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader, as it covers any pain assessment without specifying the questionnaire instrument or the back-pain focus.
714282005 (Assessment using DemTect scale)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)DemTect is a brief neuropsychological screening test assessing multiple cognitive domains (memory, lexical fluency, calculation, digit span, clock drawing) to detect dementia and mild cognitive impairment; AUH.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it encompasses multi-domain cognitive screening, though it is broader.
716285009 (Assessment using Denver Development Screening Test)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The DDST is a structured tool for assessing developmental milestones across gross motor, fine motor, language, and personal-social domains in young children; ETM.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify pediatric developmental milestone screening.
719307003 (Assessment using Denver Developmental Screening Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The DDST-II screens across multiple developmental domains (personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor) in young children, which collectively fall under global mental functions. AT2.AC.ZZ is the closest category but is broader, as it does not specify the paediatric developmental screening context.
763239003 (Assessment using DEPA (Depth, Extent, Phase and Associated etiology) Score)maps to wider conceptLTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of repair functions of the skin)The DEPA score systematically grades diabetic foot ulcers across four dimensions (depth, extent, phase of healing, associated aetiology), which is fundamentally an assessment of wound repair function of the skin. LTD.AA.ZZ is the most precise available ICHI code but is broader.
1371337008 (Assessment using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The DASS-21 is a validated self-report instrument measuring the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress — all emotional and affective functions in ICF/ICHI terminology. AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest category, but broader than the SNOMED concept.
725833009 (Assessment using Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting)maps to wider conceptSCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing)The DASH is a standardised test that directly measures handwriting speed and legibility through timed writing tasks, making "Test of writing" the closest ICHI category. It is wider because it encompasses any writing test, whereas DASH specifically focuses on speed quantification.
717271008 (Assessment using Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)The 3Di is a computerised, multi-dimensional structured interview covering cognitive, language, social, and behavioural development — spanning the whole person rather than a single function domain. PZB.AN.ZZ is the best available fit but is wider as it does not capture the 3Di's specific focus on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnosis.
718726001 (Assessment using Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The DICA is a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview assessing broad mental health domains across multiple DSM/ICD categories; AT2.AA.ZZ captures the global mental function assessment nature of the instrument but is broader, covering any such assessment rather than this specific structured tool.
718651005 (Assessment using DIALOG patient rated outcome measure)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)DIALOG is a patient-rated outcome measure covering life satisfaction and mental health needs across multiple psychosocial domains; ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category in scope, though it is broader as it does not specify a patient-rated format or the multi-domain life satisfaction framing of DIALOG.
445641006 (Assessment using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure)maps to wider conceptSIJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hand and arm use)The DASH outcome measure assesses functional disability and symptoms across the entire upper extremity (hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, shoulder); SIJ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI activity/participation-level code, though broader and not capturing the symptom severity dimension.
716801007 (Assessment using Discourse Abilities Profile)maps to wider conceptSFA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speaking)The DAP assesses functional communication abilities including discourse production, conversation, and narrative in people with neurological conditions; SFA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, though broader and not capturing the multi-dimensional discourse analysis focus.
719338002 (Assessment using Dizziness Handicap Inventory)maps to wider conceptCTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of vestibular functions)The DHI is a self-report questionnaire measuring the functional, emotional, and physical impact of dizziness on daily life, rooted in vestibular dysfunction; CTE.AA.ZZ is a strong fit for anatomical target, though broader as it does not distinguish a patient-reported handicap measure from clinician-administered vestibular function tests.
763120002 (Assessment using DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The DLQI is a validated quality-of-life questionnaire applied specifically to dermatology patients, while PZB.AC.ZZ covers any test of quality of life regardless of condition or specialty. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to a dermatological context.
1287727001 (Assessment using DOLOPLUS-2 scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AC.ZZ (Test of pain)The DOLOPLUS-2 is a behavioural pain scale used specifically for elderly patients with cognitive impairment; AXA.AC.ZZ covers any structured test of pain regardless of patient population or specific instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
700465009 (Assessment using DoloTest)maps to wider conceptAXA.AC.ZZ (Test of pain)DoloTest is a pain assessment instrument; AXA.AC.ZZ captures any structured test of pain without restricting to a named tool or patient population, so the ICHI code is broader than this instrument-specific SNOMED concept.
716831001 (Assessment using DRS (Disability Rating Scale))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Disability Rating Scale is a multi-dimensional outcome measure specific to traumatic brain injury tracking arousal, cognition, independence, and employability; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, but substantially broader and not specific to brain injury or disability staging.
765148004 (Assessment using DTSQs (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The DTSQs measures patient satisfaction with diabetes treatment and is closely aligned with health-related quality of life assessment; PZB.AC.ZZ is the best available fit, though it does not capture the diabetes-specific or satisfaction-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
1290006004 (Assessment using Duke Activity Scale Index)maps to wider conceptHTM.AC.ZZ (Test of exercise tolerance functions)The DASI is a self-reported questionnaire that estimates functional aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance, mapping well to this ICHI code under the cardiovascular block. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of exercise tolerance, not specifically the DASI instrument.
718560005 (Assessment using Dyadic Assessment of Naturalistic Caregiver child Experiences)maps to wider conceptVEJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of parenting behaviours)The DANCE tool is an observational assessment of naturally occurring caregiver-child interactions, falling most closely within the ICHI domain of parenting behaviours. The ICHI code is wider as it covers parenting behaviour assessment broadly, while DANCE specifically focuses on dyadic naturalistic interaction quality.
445642004 (Assessment using dynamic gait index)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The DGI is a standardised test of gait pattern under varying conditions to assess balance and fall risk, mapping directly to this ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any test of gait pattern, not specifically the DGI instrument or its fall-risk assessment purpose.
1366597008 (Assessment using EASY-Care instrument)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)EASY-Care is a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool covering physical, mental, and social health needs, independence, and wellbeing — making it a whole-person assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match; wider because it applies to any general health assessment rather than a validated multidimensional geriatric instrument.
445823000 (Assessment using eating attitudes test)maps to wider conceptVEA.AC.ZZ (Test of eating behaviours)The EAT is a standardised self-report screening instrument for disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, mapping directly to the ICHI eating behaviours block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any test of eating behaviours rather than specifically the EAT screening instrument.
445820002 (Assessment using eating disorder examination)maps to wider conceptSMF.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to eating)The EDE is a structured clinical interview assessing eating disorder psychopathology; SMF.AN.ZZ captures the interview modality and eating target but is broader, having no specificity for eating disorders as a psychiatric condition.
445824006 (Assessment using eating disorder examination questionnaire)maps to wider conceptSMF.AC.ZZ (Test of eating)The EDE-Q is a self-report questionnaire version of the EDE; SMF.AC.ZZ is the closest available code covering a formal test/questionnaire targeting eating, but broader as it lacks specificity for eating disorder psychopathology.
445825007 (Assessment using eating disorder inventory)maps to wider conceptSMF.AC.ZZ (Test of eating)The EDI is a self-report psychometric instrument for eating disorder symptoms; SMF.AC.ZZ is the best available match covering a formal test targeting eating, but broader as ICHI has no dedicated eating disorder inventory or psychiatric eating disorder assessment category.
1284896002 (Assessment using EDIN (Échelle de Douleur et d'Inconfort du Nouveau-né))maps to wider conceptAXA.AC.ZZ (Test of pain)The EDIN is a behavioural observational scale for pain and discomfort in neonates; AXA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match covering a formal pain assessment instrument, but broader as ICHI has no neonatal-specific pain scale and does not capture the discomfort dimension.
716726008 (Assessment using Edinburgh Articulation Test)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)The Edinburgh Articulation Test is a standardised test of speech articulation development in children; JUD.AC.ZZ aligns closely in both target (articulation function) and action (formal test), but is broader as it does not specify the Edinburgh instrument or the paediatric/developmental scope.
717318005 (Assessment using Edinburgh Functional Communication Profile)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Edinburgh Functional Communication Profile is a standardised speech-language pathology assessment of functional communication abilities (comprehension, expression, reading, writing) primarily used in aphasia; AUI.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering language function assessment, but it is broader than the specific named tool and its functional-communication focus.
450319007 (Assessment using Edinburgh postnatal depression scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a validated 10-item screening questionnaire targeting postnatal depression and emotional disturbance in new mothers; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly, the closest ICHI category, but does not capture the postnatal/perinatal context or the specific depression screening purpose.
865928006 (Assessment using Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire measures emotional and psychological stress responses; AUD.AA.ZZ is the most semantically aligned ICHI category, though broader and not specifically distinguishing stress reactions from other emotional functions.
763693006 (Assessment using EMS (Elderly Mobility Scale))maps to wider conceptSJA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of walking)The Elderly Mobility Scale assesses mobility in older adults across items including lying-to-sitting, sitting-to-standing, standing balance, and walking; SJA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but narrower in scope than the full EMS, which covers a broader mobility domain — though among available codes it remains the best fit.
770632002 (Assessment using EQ-5D-Y (EuroQol Five Dimension (Youth)) instrument)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ covers testing/assessment of quality of life as a whole-person intervention, which is precisely what EQ-5D-Y measures. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the instrument used (EQ-5D-Y) or the paediatric/youth population.
445785001 (Assessment using erection hardness score)maps to wider conceptNUA.AC.ZZ (Test of sexual functions)The erection hardness score specifically assesses erectile function using a standardised instrument, which falls within the domain of sexual function testing. NUA.AC.ZZ is broader because it encompasses all tests of sexual functions without specificity to erectile function or a named scoring instrument.
763227006 (Assessment using ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale))maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a standardised self-reported test of daytime sleepiness, which directly maps to the domain of sleep function testing. ATK.AC.ZZ is wider because it does not specify the Epworth instrument or the daytime sleepiness dimension being assessed.
446970009 (Assessment using European league against rheumatism response criteria)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)EULAR response criteria are used to assess treatment response in rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (primarily rheumatoid arthritis), so MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify rheumatology, treatment response evaluation, or the EULAR instrument.
761884004 (Assessment using European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation)maps to wider conceptHTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified)EuroSCORE is a structured preoperative risk scoring tool for cardiac surgery patients, making HTB.AA.ZZ the closest available ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider, as it does not specify preoperative context, risk stratification purpose, or the EuroSCORE instrument.
1367634000 (Assessment using European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of thyroid gland)EU-TIRADS is a structured ultrasound-based risk stratification tool applied specifically to thyroid nodules, mapping most directly to ultrasound of thyroid gland (EBA.BA.BJ). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the structured reporting/scoring nature of EU-TIRADS, nor distinguish nodule risk classification from general thyroid ultrasound.
716760001 (Assessment using European Union Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate for adults)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)The EU Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate is a standardised instrument for testing respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow, fitting within "Test of respiration function". The ICHI code is broader because it covers any test of respiration function and does not specify peak flow measurement, the EU reference scale, or the adult population.
716761002 (Assessment using European Union Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate for children)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)Identical reasoning to the adult concept — the EU paediatric peak expiratory flow reference scale is a specific instrument for testing respiratory function. ICHI does not distinguish between adult and paediatric populations for this test, making the match wider.
725827000 (Assessment using Evaluation of Social Interaction)maps to wider conceptSR1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)The Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI) is a standardised observational tool measuring the quality of social interaction skills, which aligns best with assessment of interpersonal interactions and relationships. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the use of a formal standardised tool, nor the specific focus on social interaction quality.
446216003 (Assessment using evaluation tool of children's handwriting)maps to wider conceptSCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing)Children's handwriting assessment tools (such as ETCH or DASH) are formal tests evaluating writing performance, fitting within "Test of writing". The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the paediatric population, handwriting specifically (versus other forms of writing), or the use of a structured evaluation tool.
714328009 (Assessment using Everyday Cognition questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Everyday Cognition (ECog) questionnaire is an informant-rated assessment of everyday cognitive function spanning memory, language, visuospatial ability, planning, and attention — domains that collectively fall under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader, covering all assessments of higher-level cognitive functions.
716171009 (Assessment using Everyday Memory Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of memory)The Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) is a self-report instrument specifically measuring the frequency of everyday memory failures, making AUB.AA.ZZ the most precise available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any memory assessment method, not this specific questionnaire.
716759006 (Assessment using Eysenck Personality Inventory)maps to wider conceptATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) is a standardised questionnaire measuring extraversion and neuroticism personality dimensions, which map directly to the temperament and personality functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all assessment approaches for this domain.
718344007 (Assessment using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) is a revised version of the EPI that additionally measures psychoticism, but it remains a personality trait assessment instrument that maps to the same ICHI domain of temperament and personality functions. The ICHI code is broader, covering the entire domain.
1284910008 (Assessment using Faces Pain Scale - Revised)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) is a self-report pain intensity rating scale using facial expression images, which is a specific instrument for assessing pain sensation. AXA.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pain and is therefore broader than this specific scale.
762992005 (Assessment using Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence)maps to wider conceptVAB.AC.ZZ (Test of tobacco use behaviours)The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence is a structured psychometric test specifically quantifying nicotine dependence severity, fitting the "test" action on tobacco use behaviours; however, VAB.AC.ZZ is broader because it covers any test of tobacco use behaviour rather than being specific to nicotine dependence screening instruments.
1366598003 (Assessment using Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection Resolve))maps to wider conceptSSJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in family relationships)The Family APGAR is a structured screening instrument for perceived family function across five dimensions, which aligns well with SSJ.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment of family relationships and is not specific to the APGAR questionnaire instrument or its functional satisfaction dimensions.
716799009 (Assessment using FAST (Face Arm Speech Test))maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The FAST test is a rapid prehospital neurological screening tool assessing three stroke signs (facial droop, arm weakness, speech disturbance) to identify probable stroke; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it sits in the nervous system chapter and covers neurological assessments not classified elsewhere, though broader than the stroke-specific rapid screening nature of FAST.
445784002 (Assessment using fatigue impact scale)maps to wider conceptATI.AC.ZZ (Test of energy and drive functions)The Fatigue Impact Scale is a structured scored instrument assessing how fatigue affects functioning, which maps to the energy and drive functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code covers any test of energy/drive functions broadly, making it wider than this specific validated scale.
719871007 (Assessment using Fibrosis-4 Index)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The FIB-4 Index is a non-invasive calculated score (using age, AST, ALT, and platelet count) estimating hepatic fibrosis severity, which falls within the digestive system function domain. The ICHI code is broader, covering any assessment of digestive functions rather than liver fibrosis specifically.
718647008 (Assessment using figure drawing test)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)Figure drawing tests (e.g., clock drawing, Rey Complex Figure) are neuropsychological instruments that assess visuoconstructive ability and higher-level cognitive function, which aligns well with this ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any test of higher cognitive functions rather than this specific drawing-based instrument.
763118000 (Assessment using FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score))maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)FINDRISC is a validated questionnaire-based tool that scores an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which falls within the general metabolic functions domain. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any assessment of metabolic functions rather than this specific diabetes risk screening instrument.
761874000 (Assessment using Five-Shot questionnaire)maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)The Five-Shot questionnaire is a brief validated screening test for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, directly fitting within the alcohol use behaviours domain. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than this specific five-item instrument.
716836006 (Assessment using FLTA (Fullerton Language Test for Adolescents))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of language mental functions and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular standardised instrument administered to adolescents. ICHI does not represent named assessment tools or age-specific variants.
763115002 (Assessment using Foot Function Index)maps to wider conceptMV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)The Foot Function Index assesses pain, disability, and activity limitation related to foot function; MV2.AA.ZZ is the broadest plausible parent code under the musculoskeletal block, but ICHI has no foot-specific functional assessment code and does not represent named indices.
714644006 (Assessment using Frailty Index)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Frailty Index assessment is a multidimensional whole-person evaluation of accumulated health deficits; PZB.AA.ZZ (targeting the whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, though far broader and not capturing the frailty-specific construct or the named instrument.
763000000 (Assessment using Framingham coronary heart disease 10 year risk score)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)The Framingham risk score is a cardiovascular risk calculation specifically targeting coronary heart disease 10-year risk; HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code under the circulatory system chapter, but it is broader and does not represent algorithmic risk scoring or named prediction tools.
719150000 (Assessment using Frenchay Activities Index)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)The Frenchay Activities Index is a structured questionnaire assessing post-stroke participation across domestic, outdoor, and leisure activities. ICHI has no code for a specific index-based activities assessment; SDA.AA.ZZ is the broadest available category covering multi-domain activity assessment.
716212003 (Assessment using Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)Aphasia is classified in ICHI under mental functions of language, and AUI.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of that function. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all language function assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept names a specific validated screening instrument.
717325003 (Assessment using Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment)maps to wider conceptJUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions)Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder; the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment is a standardised test of speech motor function, mapping onto the speech function target axis with the test action. JUC.AC.ZZ is wider because it covers any test of speech functions, not just the specific Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment instrument.
445827004 (Assessment using functional assessment measure)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)The Functional Assessment Measure (FAM) is a multi-domain tool supplementing the FIM, evaluating cognitive, communicative, and behavioural functioning primarily in brain-injury rehabilitation. SDA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category, covering activity-level functional assessment; it is wider because it does not capture the FAM's specific cognitive and communicative sub-domains.
445828009 (Assessment using functional capacity evaluation)maps to wider conceptSU2.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)SU2.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of a person's work and employment functional performance, which aligns with the vocational purpose of a Functional Capacity Evaluation. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all work-capacity tests rather than the specific FCE instrument.
716206008 (Assessment using Functional Communication Profile Revised)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)AUI.AC.ZZ represents formal testing of language mental functions (comprehension, expression, pragmatics), which is the functional domain that the FCP-R assesses in clinical populations. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all standardised language function tests, not the specific FCP-R instrument.
716793005 (Assessment using Functional Independence Measure)maps to wider conceptSDA.AC.ZZ (Test of undertaking tasks)The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a multi-domain standardised rating scale; its core motor subscale assesses performance in undertaking activities of daily living tasks, which SDA.AC.ZZ most closely represents. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the FIM's cognitive/communication subscales.
445829001 (Assessment using functional test for the hemiparetic upper extremity)maps to wider conceptMV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)MV2.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for a clinical assessment of upper extremity movement function in a neurologically impaired patient. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any movement function assessment rather than being restricted to upper extremity function in hemiparesis specifically.
718336007 (Assessment using Fundamental Speech Skills Test)maps to wider conceptJUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions)JUC.AC.ZZ directly represents a standardised test of speech functions, which is exactly what the Fundamental Speech Skills Test performs — assessing basic articulatory and phonological speech production abilities. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all standardised speech function tests rather than the specific instrument.
770553002 (Assessment using GAS-Light (Goal Attainment Scaling-Light))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)No ICHI code exists for goal attainment scaling or rehabilitation goal measurement; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment at the whole-person level) is the closest available category, but it is broader than the specific structured goal-attainment measurement instrument that GAS-Light represents.
870184008 (Assessment using Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The GERD-HRQL is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life; PZB.AC.ZZ captures the QoL measurement action at the whole-person level but does not encode the GERD-specific or GI-disease-specific scope of the instrument.
1365839008 (Assessment using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 item scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The GAD-2 is a standardized two-item screener for generalized anxiety disorder, which in ICF/ICHI terms is a disorder of emotional functions; AUD.AC.ZZ is the best available match, though it covers all emotional functions broadly rather than anxiety specifically.
445598007 (Assessment using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 item score)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The GAD-7 is a standardized seven-item anxiety severity questionnaire; like the GAD-2, it maps to AUD.AC.ZZ as the closest ICHI code for a scored assessment of anxiety, which ICHI classifies under emotional functions.
445587006 (Assessment using geriatric depression scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Geriatric Depression Scale is a standardized screening tool for depression in older adults; depression is classified under emotional functions in the ICF/ICHI framework, making AUD.AC.ZZ the best available code, though ICHI does not distinguish depression-specific or age-specific instruments.
716273001 (Assessment using Gesell Developmental Observation Revised)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The Gesell Developmental Observation Revised is a structured standardised instrument assessing developmental milestones across motor, adaptive, language, and personal-social domains in children, whereas ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly without implying a specific tool or child-focused scope. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not constrain the method to a named instrument or the population to paediatrics.
719925004 (Assessment using GFTA-2 (Goldman-Fristoe Test for Articulation 2))maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)The GFTA-2 is a standardised test of speech sound articulation accuracy, which maps directly onto the ICHI target of articulation functions and the action of testing; however, ICHI does not distinguish which specific named instrument is used, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
719926003 (Assessment using GFTA-3 (Goldman-Fristoe Test for Articulation 3))maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)Identical clinical purpose to the GFTA-2 — a standardised articulation test — and maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI is broader because it does not encode the specific instrument version.
774095009 (Assessment using Global Deterioration Scale)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Global Deterioration Scale (Reisberg) is a standardised staging instrument for overall cognitive and functional decline across seven levels, mapping well to the ICHI concept of testing global mental functions; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any global mental function test and does not encode the dementia-staging purpose or the specific instrument.
715810009 (Assessment using GOAT (Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test))maps to wider conceptATD.AC.ZZ (Test of orientation functions)The GOAT is a structured post-traumatic amnesia test that assesses both temporal/personal orientation and memory functions; ATD.AC.ZZ captures the orientation axis but does not represent the amnesia/memory component, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No combined orientation-and-memory test code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest assignable category.
763296008 (Assessment using GPCOG (General Practitioner assessment of Cognition))maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The GPCOG is a brief multi-domain cognitive screening instrument covering memory, orientation, and executive function; AUH.AC.ZZ covers higher-level cognitive functions (including executive and language domains) but does not capture the full breadth of global cognitive screening that GPCOG represents, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific instrument.
716703001 (Assessment using Graded Naming Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Graded Naming Test specifically assesses confrontation naming, which is a language mental function; AUI.AC.ZZ covers all mental functions of language (not just naming), making it broader than this particular naming-specific instrument, but it is the closest available ICHI code in the correct functional domain.
716136009 (Assessment using Graded Word Spelling Test)maps to wider conceptSCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing)Spelling is a component of written language and is classified under writing activities in ICHI; SCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing) is the closest available code but covers all writing functions, not just orthographic/spelling ability, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
719151001 (Assessment using Gray Silent Reading Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)The Gray Silent Reading Test assesses silent reading rate and comprehension, which maps directly to the reading activity domain; SCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading) is the correct ICHI code but encompasses all forms of reading assessment, making it broader than this specific standardised instrument.
788587000 (Assessment using Griffith Mental Development Scale)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Griffith Mental Development Scale is a standardised multi-domain developmental test covering locomotor, language, eye-hand, personal-social, and performance domains, mapping well to global mental functions assessment. ICHI has no code specific to multi-domain child developmental scales, so this broader "global mental functions" test code is the closest available fit.
445786000 (Assessment using grip ability test)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)The grip ability test assesses upper extremity hand dexterity and functional grip capacity (a musculoskeletal function test), and ICHI's Test of muscle power is the most relevant category within musculoskeletal function testing. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all muscle power testing rather than the specific hand/grip dexterity focus of the grip ability test.
713633006 (Assessment using Groningen Frailty Indicator)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Groningen Frailty Indicator is a multi-domain screening tool assessing physical, cognitive, social, and psychological frailty across the whole person; ICHI has no frailty-specific code, and the General health assessment (whole-person level) is the best available broader match. No more specific ICHI frailty assessment code exists in the classification.
707622003 (Assessment using gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy)maps to wider conceptAUC.AC.ZZ (Test of psychomotor functions)The GMFCS classifies gross motor functional capacity (sitting, standing, walking, wheeled mobility) in children with cerebral palsy, which maps to the psychomotor functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all psychomotor function testing rather than being specific to gross motor classification in cerebral palsy.
1290000005 (Assessment using Gugging Swallowing Screen)maps to wider conceptKTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of swallowing)KTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of swallowing as a general category, which is the correct clinical domain. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the use of the Gugging Swallowing Screen instrument; the SNOMED concept is instrument-specific while ICHI encodes only the target and action.
445588001 (Assessment using Guy's neurological disability scale)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The Guy's Neurological Disability Scale is a structured assessment of overall neurological disability across multiple domains, making AZZ.AA.ZZ (neurological assessment NEC) the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any neurological assessment rather than the specific scale, and the NEC qualifier reflects there is no more precise neurological assessment code in the classification.
763071002 (Assessment using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) is a clinician-rated assessment of depressive symptoms, which map most precisely to the emotional functions domain in ICHI (AUD = emotional functions target, AA = assessment). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all emotional function assessments rather than a depression-specific rated scale.
445787009 (Assessment using Hampshire assessment for living with others)maps to wider conceptSR1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)The Hampshire Assessment for Living with Others (HALO) evaluates an individual's ability to live and relate with others in social settings, which aligns with the interpersonal interactions and relationships domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all interpersonal relationship assessments rather than this specific instrument for people with learning disabilities.
445615000 (Assessment using Harris hip score)maps to wider conceptMLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint)The Harris Hip Score is a standardised outcome measure assessing hip joint pain, function, and mobility, making MLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint) the most precise available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any hip joint assessment rather than the specific patient-reported or clinician-scored Harris instrument.
723641005 (Assessment using HCR-20 V3 (Historical Clinical Risk management-20 version 3))maps to wider conceptVB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified)The HCR-20 V3 is a structured professional judgement tool specifically designed to assess risk of future violent behaviour, which maps most precisely to ICHI's assessment of violence-related behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of violence-related behaviour, not specifically the HCR-20 structured risk tool with its historical, clinical, and risk management dimensions.
865925009 (Assessment using Headache Impact Test-6)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The HIT-6 is a validated questionnaire measuring the impact of headache (a pain condition) on daily functioning; ICHI's "Assessment of pain" under the interventions on pain block is the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all pain assessment and does not distinguish headache specifically or the functional impact dimension of HIT-6.
445988008 (Assessment using health assessment questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a self-reported measure of functional disability and health status used across many conditions; "General health assessment" targeting the whole person is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any general health assessment of the whole person and is not instrument-specific.
819959001 (Assessment using Healthy Eating Index 2015)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)The Healthy Eating Index 2015 is a dietary quality assessment tool scoring alignment with dietary guidelines, which falls within the ICHI domain of assessing eating behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of eating behaviours and does not capture the dietary quality scoring or nutrition-guideline-adherence focus of the HEI-2015.
719932008 (Assessment using Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)The HHIE is a self-report questionnaire measuring the social and emotional impact of hearing impairment in older adults, which maps to ICHI's assessment of hearing functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all hearing function assessments and does not distinguish the self-reported handicap/psychosocial impact aspect or the elderly-specific scope of the HHIE.
445989000 (Assessment using hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score)maps to wider conceptMLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint)The SNOMED concept is a specific patient-reported outcome measure for hip disability and osteoarthritis, while MLJ.AA.AH covers any clinical assessment of the hip joint. The ICHI code is broader, not capturing the osteoarthritis-specific or outcome-score nature of the instrument.
445040008 (Assessment using historical, clinical, risk management 20 assessing risk for violence scheme version 2)maps to wider conceptVB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified)VB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of violence-related behaviours in general and is the closest available ICHI category; the SNOMED concept specifies a structured risk-for-violence instrument (HCR-20 V2) with forensic/clinical detail that ICHI does not distinguish at this granularity.
718707009 (Assessment using Hoehn and Yahr Scale)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The Hoehn and Yahr Scale is a Parkinson's disease motor-disability staging tool; no specific ICHI code exists for it or for Parkinson staging, so the residual "Neurological assessment, NEC" category is the closest available code, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
719152008 (Assessment using Holborn Reading Scale)maps to wider conceptSCF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of reading)SCF.AA.ZZ directly captures assessment of reading as a target, which aligns well with the Holborn Reading Scale's purpose of measuring reading ability; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any reading assessment rather than this specific standardised instrument.
445990009 (Assessment using home falls and accidents screening tool)maps to wider conceptVCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours)VCC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of home safety behaviours, which encompasses the domain of home falls and accident risk that the SNOMED concept targets; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specifically identify falls/accident screening instruments or restrict to the home environment in the way the SNOMED concept does.
445991008 (Assessment using hospital anxiety and depression scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The HADS is a standardised self-report screening tool assessing anxiety and depression, both of which fall within the emotional functions domain. ICHI provides no scale-specific or condition-specific code, so AUD.AA.ZZ is broader than this specific instrument-based assessment.
716809009 (Assessment using HPNT (Hundred Pictures Naming Test))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The HPNT is a standardised picture-naming test targeting lexical retrieval, which is a language function; AUI.AA.ZZ covers the full domain of language function assessment rather than this specific instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
704182008 (Assessment using hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly over 65, and drugs/alcohol concomitantly score)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The HAS-BLED score is a multi-domain clinical risk stratification tool spanning cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, haematological, and medication factors; no ICHI code captures this cross-system risk scoring, so the closest available code is the general whole-person health assessment, which is considerably broader.
705038007 (Assessment using hypomania checklist 32 item revised)maps to wider conceptATI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of energy and drive functions)The HCL-32 is a self-report screening instrument for hypomanic episodes, which are primarily characterised by increased energy and drive; ATI.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code for this domain, though it is broader than the specific instrument and does not capture the mood dimension fully.
763125007 (Assessment using I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score))maps to wider conceptNT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)The I-PSS is a validated questionnaire assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (frequency, urgency, nocturia, flow, etc.), which are urinary functions; NT2.AA.ZZ covers the broader urinary functions assessment domain without specificity to this instrument or to prostate-related symptomatology.
763111006 (Assessment using ICIQ-UI-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form))maps to wider conceptNTD.AC.ZZ (Test of urination functions)The ICIQ-UI-SF is a validated questionnaire-based test of urinary incontinence, which directly assesses urination function. ICHI's NTD.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of urination functions but does not specify the instrument, the incontinence subtype, or the self-report/questionnaire means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
715808007 (Assessment using ICS (Intelligibility in Context Scale))maps to wider conceptJUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions)The ICS is a standardised parent-report scale specifically measuring speech intelligibility in children across different communication contexts, which is a test of speech function. JUC.AC.ZZ captures tests of speech functions broadly but does not specify intelligibility as the domain assessed or the ICS instrument, so the ICHI code is broader.
1237452004 (Assessment using IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) Framework)maps to wider conceptKTC.AC.ZZ (Test of swallowing)The IDDSI Framework classifies food textures and liquid thicknesses to guide safe oral intake for people with swallowing difficulties, and its clinical application constitutes a standardised test of swallowing function. KTC.AC.ZZ is broader because it does not specify the IDDSI instrument, the diet-texture/liquid-thickness focus, or the dysphagia context.
1231504004 (Assessment using IDDSI-FDS (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Functional Diet Scale))maps to wider conceptKTC.AC.ZZ (Test of swallowing)The IDDSI-FDS is a standardised scale that rates a person's functional diet level based on their swallowing capacity, making it a test of swallowing function. KTC.AC.ZZ is broader as it does not specify the IDDSI-FDS instrument, the functional diet-level outcome measure, or the dysphagia clinical context.
719311009 (Assessment using Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities Third Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The ITPA-3 is a comprehensive, norm-referenced battery assessing psycholinguistic abilities — the mental functions underlying language reception, association, and expression. AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) maps well to this but is broader, as it does not specify the ITPA instrument, the psycholinguistic model, or the multi-domain battery structure.
450727001 (Assessment using impact of event scale revised)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The IES-R is a self-report scale measuring intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms following a traumatic event, all of which are emotional/psychological functional responses. ICHI has no code specific to trauma symptom rating scales, so AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is the broadest clinically coherent match, though it covers the entire domain of emotional functions rather than the post-traumatic stress construct specifically.
761885003 (Assessment using Insomnia Severity Index)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)The ISI is a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia, mapping directly onto the ICHI target of sleep functions. ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions generally, making it broader than the ISI's specific focus on insomnia severity, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this concept.
718893008 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Patient Version (1 week recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The IPOS-5 is a multi-domain palliative care outcome measure covering physical symptoms, psychological wellbeing, and family concerns — a holistic whole-person assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment under "Interventions on whole person") is the best available fit, though it is substantially broader than this specific validated palliative care instrument.
718898004 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Patient Version (3 day recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)This concept is semantically identical to 718893008 except for the recall period (3 days vs 1 week); both are versions of the same multi-domain palliative care outcome instrument. PZB.AA.ZZ applies for the same reason: IPOS-5 is a whole-person, multi-domain assessment with no more specific ICHI counterpart.
718901003 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Staff Version (1 week recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The staff-completed version of IPOS-5 is a clinician-proxy assessment of the same multi-domain palliative care outcomes; the ICHI code does not distinguish patient self-report from staff-completed instruments. PZB.AA.ZZ remains the best available fit for this whole-person, multi-domain assessment.
718903000 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Staff Version (3 day recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life testing of the whole person, which encompasses IPOS-style palliative outcome assessments, but is broader — it does not capture the palliative care context, the staff-completed respondent perspective, or the 3-day recall period specificity.
718904006 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Patient Version (1 week recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ represents standardised quality-of-life assessment of the whole person, which aligns with the IPOS patient-completed instrument, but is broader — ICHI does not differentiate by respondent type (patient vs. staff) or recall period.
718899007 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Patient Version (3 day recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life testing of the whole person, matching the holistic palliative outcome measurement concept of IPOS, but ICHI lacks any coding dimension for patient vs. staff respondent or for the 3-day recall window.
718895001 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Staff Version (1 week recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match as a standardised whole-person quality-of-life test, but it is broader — ICHI has no mechanism to encode the staff-rated perspective, palliative care domain, or 1-week recall period inherent in this SNOMED concept.
718890006 (Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Staff Version (3 day recall period))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)PZB.AC.ZZ represents standardised whole-person quality-of-life assessment, which covers the broader intent of IPOS staff-version administration, but is wider — it does not reflect the palliative care setting, staff respondent, or 3-day recall period encoded in this SNOMED concept.
1351994007 (Assessment using Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)The ICDSC specifically screens for delirium using a checklist applied in ICU settings, targeting disturbances of consciousness/awareness. ATC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of awareness and alertness functions broadly, without specificity to delirium, the ICU context, or the checklist instrument.
445992001 (Assessment using international index of erectile function)maps to wider conceptNUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sexual functions)The IIEF is a validated questionnaire specifically targeting erectile function (a domain within male sexual function), while NUA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sexual functions in general — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1332331000 (Assessment using interviewer led Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptJTB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to respiration function)The CRQ is an interviewer-led structured questionnaire assessing dyspnoea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery in chronic respiratory disease; JTB.AN.ZZ captures the interviewer-administered format targeting respiratory function, but is broader as it does not specify the CRQ instrument, the chronic disease context, or the quality-of-life dimensions assessed.
716797006 (Assessment using ITPA (Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The ITPA assesses psycholinguistic abilities including verbal and non-verbal channels of communication, making mental functions of language the closest ICHI target; however the ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the full scope of the ITPA (which also covers auditory-visual processing and motor encoding beyond language per se).
446968000 (Assessment using Jebsen-Taylor hand function test)maps to wider conceptSIG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fine hand use)The Jebsen-Taylor test is a standardised battery measuring fine motor and dexterous hand function through timed simulated activities of daily living, which aligns closely with "fine hand use." The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the Jebsen-Taylor instrument or the timed-task methodology.
445994000 (Assessment using joint protection behavior assessment)maps to wider conceptMRJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a specific structured assessment of a patient's joint protection behaviors (a self-management construct used in rheumatology/occupational therapy), whereas MRJ.AA.ZZ covers any clinical assessment of an unspecified joint — it is anatomically broader and does not capture the behavioral/self-management dimension. No ICHI code exists for joint protection behavior specifically.
445995004 (Assessment using joint protection knowledge assessment)maps to wider conceptMRJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint of unspecified site)Like concept 445994000, this concerns a structured measurement of a patient's knowledge about joint protection strategies — a rehabilitation construct — but ICHI only offers a generic joint assessment code, making it a broader and imprecise fit; the knowledge-testing dimension has no ICHI equivalent.
714356004 (Assessment using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The K10 is a validated 10-item questionnaire that quantifies non-specific psychological distress (anxiety and depression symptoms) as a global psychosocial measure; ATF.AC.ZZ ("Test of global psychosocial functions") is the closest ICHI match in concept and action axis (AC = test/scale application), though it is broader as it is not specific to distress screening instruments.
782844001 (Assessment using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score)maps to wider conceptMRJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint of unspecified site)The KOOS is a validated patient-reported outcome instrument specifically for the knee joint covering symptoms, pain, function and quality of life in knee injury/osteoarthritis; ICHI has no knee-specific assessment code (MMJ block contains only surgical and imaging interventions), so MRJ.AA.ZZ (assessment of unspecified joint) is the best available structural match, though it lacks both the anatomical specificity and the patient-reported outcome dimension.
761870009 (Assessment using KPS (Karnofsky Performance Status))maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Karnofsky Performance Status scale measures a patient's overall functional capacity (ability to perform ordinary tasks and self-care), which maps conceptually to a general whole-person health assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not encode the specific functional/performance-status framing of KPS or its common oncology context.
716241007 (Assessment using Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure (LARSP) is a specific standardised test of grammatical/language function, which maps well to AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language mental functions, not the specific LARSP instrument.
446005002 (Assessment using large Allen cognitive level screen)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Allen Cognitive Level Screen is a standardised occupational therapy tool that tests cognitive processing and functional cognition, which falls within higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any test of higher-level cognitive functions, not the specific Allen screen instrument.
705028002 (Assessment using Leeds revised acne grading system)maps to wider conceptLT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)The Leeds revised acne grading system is a standardised photographic grading tool for assessing acne severity as a skin condition/function. LT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, NEC) is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it covers any test of skin functions rather than the specific acne severity grading instrument.
718295007 (Assessment using Letter Cancellation Test)maps to wider conceptAUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions)The Letter Cancellation Test is a validated neuropsychological test of sustained and selective attention, directly corresponding to AUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any test of attention functions, not specifically the Letter Cancellation Test instrument.
718043008 (Assessment using Listening Skills Checklist)maps to wider conceptSAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of listening)SAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of listening as an activity/participation domain, which aligns with the purpose of the Listening Skills Checklist. However, ICHI does not capture the specific standardised tool (checklist format) used, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
446006001 (Assessment using Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Loewenstein OTCA is a standardised cognitive test battery assessing higher-level cognitive and perceptual functions, placing it squarely within the ICHI domain of testing higher-level cognitive functions. ICHI does not capture the occupational-therapy-specific context or the named instrument, making AUH.AC.ZZ broader than the SNOMED concept.
145031000000104 (Assessment using London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy is a validated questionnaire assessing the degree to which a pregnancy was planned or intended, which falls under assessment of pregnancy-related functions. ICHI does not distinguish planned versus unplanned pregnancy assessment nor the specific validated instrument, making NUE.AA.ZZ broader than the SNOMED concept.
718864008 (Assessment using Lower Extremity Functional Scale)maps to wider conceptMV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)The Lower Extremity Functional Scale is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing functional limitations in the lower limb, encompassing muscle power, joint mobility, gait, and activity performance. ICHI's MV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of movement functions not classified elsewhere and is the closest available category-level code, though it is broader and does not capture the lower-extremity-specific or patient-reported nature of the instrument.
716159003 (Assessment using Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Luria-Nebraska battery is a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery targeting higher-order cognitive, motor, and language domains; AUH.AC.ZZ covers any test of higher-level cognitive functions and does not specify this particular battery or its multi-domain neuropsychological scope.
718698002 (Assessment using Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale)maps to wider conceptMTC.AC.ZZ (Test for stability of joint functions)The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale measures multiple dimensions of knee function including stability, pain, swelling, and walking ability; MTC.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI assessment code for joint functions but focuses on stability and does not capture the full composite functional scope of the Lysholm instrument.
716878000 (Assessment using Macmillan Readers Level Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)The Macmillan Readers Level Test is a specific standardised instrument assessing reading comprehension level; SCF.AC.ZZ matches the core action (test of reading) but is broader, applying to any reading test regardless of the specific tool or purpose.
761873006 (Assessment using MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale))maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The MADRS is a clinician-administered scale specifically measuring depressive symptom severity, which falls within the emotional functions domain; AUD.AC.ZZ is broader, covering any test of emotional functions without specificity to depression or to this particular rating instrument.
763696003 (Assessment using Maelor Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Maelor Scale is a specific validated tool for assessing post-operative or procedural pain intensity. AXA.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of pain but does not capture the use of a specific named instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
716168001 (Assessment using Make a Picture Story Test)maps to wider conceptATH.AC.ZZ (Test of temperament and personality functions)The Make a Picture Story (MAPS) Test is a projective psychological instrument used to assess personality and emotional functioning. ATH.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering standardised testing of temperament and personality, but it is broader as it does not specify any particular instrument or projective methodology.
1304065009 (Assessment using Malnutrition Screening Tool)maps to wider conceptKTN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of weight maintenance functions)The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) is a validated tool designed to identify patients at risk of malnutrition, assessed through appetite and weight loss. KTN.AA.ZZ sits within the digestive system / weight maintenance functions block and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader as it covers general assessment of weight maintenance rather than specifically identifying malnutrition risk via a named tool.
443216009 (Assessment using malnutrition universal screening tool)maps to wider conceptKTN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of weight maintenance functions)The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is a validated five-step tool for identifying adults who are malnourished, at risk, or obese. KTN.AA.ZZ is the most appropriate available ICHI code within the digestive/weight maintenance functions hierarchy, but is broader as it does not capture the use of a specific malnutrition screening instrument.
445996003 (Assessment using Manchester foot pain and disability index)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure assessing pain and functional disability specifically in the foot. MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available match as a general musculoskeletal system assessment not classifiable elsewhere, but it is broader because it does not target the foot specifically nor capture the pain-and-disability focus of the index; no foot-specific assessment code exists in ICHI.
763231000 (Assessment using Manchester Scale for grading hallux valgus)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The Manchester Scale for hallux valgus is a photographic grading tool that assesses severity of a specific foot bone deformity; ICHI has no code for hallux valgus or toe joint deformity grading specifically, so MZZ.AA.ZZ (musculoskeletal system assessment NEC) is the closest available code but is considerably broader in scope.
713011005 (Assessment using Manchester Triage System)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Manchester Triage System is a structured clinical urgency/priority assessment of a whole person on presentation; ICHI lacks a dedicated triage classification code, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment at the whole-person level) is the broadest reasonable match, though it does not capture the urgency-prioritisation purpose of triage.
763294006 (Assessment using Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (foot and ankle))maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing pain, disability, and function in the foot and ankle; ICHI contains no patient-reported outcome or foot-and-ankle function-specific assessment code, so MZZ.AA.ZZ (musculoskeletal system assessment NEC) is the best available fit despite being much broader.
445608008 (Assessment using Marks and Mathews Fear Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The Fear Questionnaire (Marks and Mathews) measures phobia and anxiety severity, which are emotional/affective functions; AUD.AA.ZZ (assessment of emotional functions) is the best ICHI match, though it is broader than a targeted phobia/anxiety rating instrument.
715812001 (Assessment using MARS (Moss Attention Rating Scale))maps to wider conceptAUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attention functions)The Moss Attention Rating Scale is a behavioural rating tool specifically measuring attentional deficits, most commonly following traumatic brain injury; AUA.AA.ZZ (assessment of attention functions) directly corresponds in domain but is broader, covering any method of assessing attention rather than this specific scale.
446009008 (Assessment using McGill pain questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAXA.AC.ZZ (Test of pain)AXA.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of pain, which encompasses the McGill Pain Questionnaire as a specific instrument, but the ICHI code does not specify the McGill instrument in particular. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
718381006 (Assessment using MCLA (Measurement of Cognitive Linguistic Ability))maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The MCLA assesses cognitive-linguistic abilities (both higher cognitive and language functions) following acquired brain injury; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the closest single ICHI code, as higher-level cognitive functions in the ICF/ICHI framework encompass language-related cognition, but the code is broader than the specific MCLA instrument and does not fully capture the linguistic component.
714347007 (Assessment using Me and My School Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The Me and My School Questionnaire measures emotional wellbeing and behavioural adjustment in school-age children, which falls within the scope of global psychosocial functions; ATF.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader as it does not specify the school-based or child-specific context of the instrument.
713043005 (Assessment using Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The MYMOP is a patient-generated instrument capturing self-selected symptoms, activity limitation, and wellbeing in a primary care context; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — whole person) is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not convey the patient-generated, outcome-profiling nature of the instrument.
781680002 (Assessment using Medical Outcomes Study 20-item Short Form Health Survey)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The MOS SF-20 is a standardised multi-domain health status and quality of life survey instrument; PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life — whole person) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it covers any quality of life test rather than this specific health outcomes survey instrument.
716163005 (Assessment using Merrill-Palmer-Revised Scales of Development)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)The Merrill-Palmer-R is a multi-domain child developmental assessment covering cognitive, language, fine/gross motor, and social-emotional development, which maps squarely to "assessment of growth and development." The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the use of a standardised psychometric instrument or the paediatric population scope.
715334009 (Assessment using Metaphon Screening Assessment)maps to wider conceptJUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speech functions)Metaphon is a clinician-administered screening tool specifically for phonological (speech sound system) awareness and processing, making "Assessment of speech functions" the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all speech function assessment and does not capture the phonological/screening specificity of the Metaphon tool.
445999005 (Assessment using methods time measurement)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)Methods Time Measurement (MTM) is a predetermined motion-time system used in occupational therapy and industrial settings to quantify the time required to perform work tasks, making it fundamentally an assessment of work performance. ICHI's "Assessment of engaging in work and employment" is the closest available category, but is wider as it does not capture the motion-time analysis methodology or the vocational/ergonomic context.
445998002 (Assessment using Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire)maps to wider conceptSIJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hand and arm use)The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically for hand disorders, covering pain, function, ADL, aesthetics, and satisfaction; "Assessment of hand and arm use" (an activities and participation domain) is the best ICHI match for its functional scope. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any assessment of hand and arm use activity, not specifically a patient-reported outcome instrument for hand pathology.
445997007 (Assessment using Middlesex elderly assessment of mental state)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS) is a cognitive screening battery for older adults covering orientation, memory, language, attention, and perception — collectively "global mental functions." The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the elderly population, the screening context, or the multi-domain cognitive nature of the instrument.
718380007 (Assessment using MILI (Multilevel Informal Language Inventory))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The MILI is a structured assessment tool specifically measuring informal language abilities across multiple levels; AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of mental functions of language, making it broader than this specific named instrument. No more granular ICHI code for named language inventories exists.
716729001 (Assessment using Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale is a standardised test of verbal knowledge and vocabulary (a language mental function); AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any test of mental functions of language rather than this specific vocabulary instrument.
716177008 (Assessment using Miller Assessment for Preschoolers)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) is a multi-domain developmental screening tool assessing neurological foundations, sensory/motor, and cognitive functions together; AT2.AC.ZZ (test of global mental functions, NEC) best captures this broad, multi-domain developmental assessment, though it is broader than the specific named instrument.
725810008 (Assessment using Miller Function and Participation Scales)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The Miller Function and Participation Scales assesses both functional performance (fine/gross motor, self-care) and participation in children; AT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI approximation for a multi-domain functional and participation assessment, though ICHI has no code that jointly captures function and participation scales.
763694000 (Assessment using Mini AQLQ (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The Mini AQLQ is a validated disease-specific (asthma) quality of life questionnaire; PZB.AC.ZZ (test of quality of life) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI does not distinguish respiratory-specific or disease-specific quality of life measures from generic ones.
713773009 (Assessment using Mini-cog)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Mini-cog screens for cognitive impairment using clock drawing (executive function) and word recall, which ICHI captures under its higher-level cognitive functions target. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any test of higher-level cognition rather than the specific Mini-cog instrument.
446971008 (Assessment using mini-mental state examination)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The MMSE is a standardised test of global mental functions (orientation, attention, memory, language, visuospatial) and the ICHI "global mental functions" target directly reflects this broad scope. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any global mental function test rather than the MMSE specifically.
715878008 (Assessment using Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Minnesota Test assesses language processing deficits in aphasia, which maps to the ICHI target of mental functions of language. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any language function test and does not distinguish the specific tool or aphasia as the diagnostic focus.
445803001 (Assessment using Moberg pickup test)maps to wider conceptAVD.AC.ZZ (Test of touch functions)The Moberg pickup test specifically evaluates tactile gnosis and sensory discrimination in the hand, which maps to the ICHI touch functions target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of touch function without specifying the instrument or the hand as the body site.
450754003 (Assessment using mobility inventory for agoraphobia)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia measures fear-driven avoidance behaviour, which is rooted in emotional dysfunction (anxiety/fear), making the ICHI emotional functions target the closest available fit. The ICHI code is wider as it covers emotional functions broadly and does not capture the avoidance behaviour or agoraphobia-specific nature of the instrument.
866002000 (Assessment using Model for End-stage Liver Disease)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The MELD score is a specific prognostic scoring instrument for end-stage liver disease severity; ICHI has no dedicated liver disease severity assessment code. KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive (including hepatic) functions broadly, making it a wider but reasonably related match.
445804007 (Assessment using model of creative ability)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)The Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability assesses volitional motivation and purposeful motor action in occupational therapy; no ICHI code addresses creative ability specifically. AUC.AA.ZZ (assessment of psychomotor functions) is the closest available target, as it covers the integration of mental and motor processes central to this model, but is considerably broader.
771163006 (Assessment using Modified Balance Error Scoring System)maps to wider conceptCTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of vestibular functions)The mBESS is a standardised static postural stability test used primarily to detect balance deficits following concussion, reflecting vestibular, somatosensory, and visual system integrity. CTE.AA.ZZ (assessment of vestibular functions) captures the dominant balance/postural component but is broader, as the mBESS also engages somatosensory and visual channels and ICHI has no specific balance error scoring code.
446000007 (Assessment using modified checklist for autism in toddlers)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The M-CHAT is a parent-report autism spectrum disorder screening tool targeting social communication and behavioural development in toddlers; ICHI contains no autism-specific assessment code. ATF.AA.ZZ (assessment of global psychosocial functions) is the best available fit given that autism screening encompasses global social, behavioural, and psychosocial developmental domains, but it is much broader than the specific instrument.
445800003 (Assessment using modified Harris hip score)maps to wider conceptMLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint)The modified Harris Hip Score is a validated patient-reported and clinician-scored outcome measure for hip joint pain, function, range of motion, and deformity. MLJ.AA.AH maps precisely to the target (hip joint) and action (assessment), making it the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it does not specify the Harris scoring instrument or the outcome-measure methodology.
446001006 (Assessment using modified health assessment questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Modified HAQ (mHAQ) is a standardised patient-reported questionnaire measuring physical disability and health status across multiple domains (dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, grip, activities). ICHI's "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match as it covers whole-person health status evaluation, but it is broader — it does not specify the questionnaire format, the physical disability focus, or the modified instrument variant.
716173007 (Assessment using Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale)maps to wider conceptMVD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of control of voluntary movement)The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale is used to stage the severity of Parkinson's disease, primarily rating impairment in voluntary motor control and postural stability. ICHI's "Assessment of control of voluntary movement" (MVD.AA.ZZ) is the closest structural match, but it is broader — it does not specify the Parkinson's disease context, the staging instrument, or the modified scale variant.
870180004 (Assessment using modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale grades a patient's perceived breathlessness/exertional dyspnea severity, which is a subjective assessment of respiration function. ICHI's "Assessment of respiration function" (JTB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match, but it is broader — it does not specify the dyspnea-only focus, the patient-reported questionnaire format, or the modified MRC instrument.
716536003 (Assessment using Modified Mini-Mental State Examination)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Modified MMSE is a structured cognitive screening test covering orientation, memory, attention, language, and visuospatial ability — all higher-level cognitive functions. ICHI's "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions" (AUH.AA.ZZ) is the best-fitting code, but it is broader — it does not specify the structured mental status examination format, or the modified MMSE instrument.
865962006 (Assessment using modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The SWAT is a total symptom burden/severity scoring tool used as a patient-reported outcome measure in clinical trials (commonly rhinitis/allergy), which represents a structured general health self-assessment; ICHI has no code for symptom severity scoring instruments, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available concept but is broader than the specific tool-based assessment captured by the SNOMED concept.
1290518004 (Assessment using Modified Tardieu Scale)maps to wider conceptMUC.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle tone)The Modified Tardieu Scale is a standardised clinical test of spasticity that evaluates muscle reaction quality and catch angle at defined movement velocities, making it a specific test of muscle tone; MUC.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle tone) is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it does not encode the specific Tardieu methodology or spasticity focus.
716861009 (Assessment using Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (and its modified version) is a standardised neuropsychological test of executive functions including cognitive flexibility, abstract reasoning, and perseveration; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the best available ICHI match, though it is broader than the specific executive-function test captured by the SNOMED concept.
719313007 (Assessment using Modified Word Learning Test)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The Modified Word Learning Test is a standardised neuropsychological test of verbal learning and memory (typically assessing immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition); AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it does not encode the specific verbal word-learning methodology.
446761000 (Assessment using modular arrangement of predetermined time standards assessment tool)maps to wider conceptMV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified)MODAPTS is a predetermined motion time system used to analyse and quantify discrete body movements in work or rehabilitation tasks, making movement function assessment its core activity; MV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified) is the best available ICHI match, though it is substantially broader and does not capture the work-measurement or ergonomics context of MODAPTS.
717710000 (Assessment using Morgan-Barry Auditory Discrimination and Attention Test)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)The Morgan-Barry test specifically assesses auditory discrimination and attention for speech sounds, which is a subset of hearing functions. CTB.AC.ZZ covers tests of hearing functions broadly, making it wider than this specific speech-sound discrimination instrument.
770636004 (Assessment using MOS SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The SF-36 is a standardised multi-domain health-related quality-of-life instrument, aligning closely with PZB.AC.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any quality-of-life test rather than the SF-36 specifically, and the SF-36 also measures physical function and health status beyond quality of life alone.
718369007 (Assessment using Mount Wilga High Level Language Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Mount Wilga test specifically targets high-level language processing (e.g., abstract language, inference, and subtle linguistic deficits) in acquired language disorders, which is a subset of mental functions of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers tests of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this specific high-level language instrument.
725882009 (Assessment using Movement Assessment Battery for Children Checklist Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)The MABC-2 Checklist is a standardised tool assessing children's motor coordination and movement competence, which falls squarely within psychomotor function assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of psychomotor functions generally, without specifying the standardised instrument (MABC-2 Checklist), the paediatric population, or the checklist format versus the direct performance test.
725883004 (Assessment using Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)The MABC-2 performance test is a criterion-referenced assessment of motor impairment in children, directly targeting psychomotor functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific battery used, the age-normed scoring, or the distinction from the checklist edition.
763301008 (Assessment using MOxFQ (Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire) (foot))maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The MOxFQ is a patient-reported outcome measure covering pain, walking/standing, and social interaction domains specifically for foot and ankle conditions. No foot-specific assessment code exists in ICHI, so the broader musculoskeletal system assessment NEC code is the best available fit, though it captures neither the foot specificity nor the patient-reported questionnaire method.
782149008 (Assessment using MSAT (Minnesota Sedation Assessment Tool))maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)The MSAT is a validated bedside tool for assessing depth of sedation and level of consciousness, which maps most closely to assessment of awareness and alertness functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the sedation context, the ICU/procedural setting, or the standardised instrument used.
715332008 (Assessment using Multilingual Aphasia Examination)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Multilingual Aphasia Examination is a standardised battery assessing language deficits (aphasia) across multiple modalities, which targets mental functions of language. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the aphasia context, the multilingual/cross-language dimension, or the particular standardised battery used.
772813001 (Assessment using NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) fibrosis score)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The NAFLD fibrosis score is a scoring tool assessing liver fibrosis severity (a digestive organ function), but ICHI has no code specific to liver fibrosis assessment or hepatic function scoring. KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which is the closest applicable category, making it wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
719314001 (Assessment using National Adult Reading Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a standardised reading test used primarily to estimate premorbid intelligence, and SCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading) matches well at the activity level. ICHI does not encode specific named instruments, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept but semantically captures the core intervention — administering a reading test.
450742003 (Assessment using National Institutes of Health stroke scale)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a structured neurological assessment tool that evaluates stroke severity across multiple domains (consciousness, language, motor function). ICHI has no stroke-specific assessment code, so AZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, NEC) is the best available category, though it is broader than this specific standardised tool.
1284901000 (Assessment using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) is a validated observational pain assessment tool for neonates, which maps directly to the pain assessment target in ICHI. AXA.AA.ZZ captures the core action (assessment of pain) but is broader as it does not specify the neonatal population or the use of a structured scale.
1284907001 (Assessment using Neonatal Pain Assessment and Sedation Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) assesses both pain and sedation levels in neonates; ICHI does not have a combined pain-and-sedation assessment code, nor a neonatal-specific one. AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) is the closest match but is wider, missing the sedation dimension and the neonatal specificity of the SNOMED concept.
718862007 (Assessment using Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory in Epilepsy)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The ICHI code covers assessment of emotional functions broadly (including depressive affect), while the SNOMED concept is a specific standardised inventory (NDDI-E) targeting depression in epilepsy patients. AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest clinically appropriate target — it captures the affective/emotional domain being assessed — but it is considerably broader than this instrument-specific concept.
719121007 (Assessment using New Salford Sentence Reading Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)SCF.AC.ZZ denotes a standardised test of reading function, which directly matches the nature of the New Salford Sentence Reading Test; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any reading test instrument rather than this specific tool.
762998009 (Assessment using New York Heart Association Classification)maps to wider conceptHTM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of exercise tolerance functions)The NYHA Classification grades a patient's cardiac functional capacity based on symptom limitation during physical activity, which maps most precisely to assessment of exercise tolerance functions; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any method of assessing exercise tolerance, not specifically the NYHA instrument.
763119008 (Assessment using New Zealand priority criteria for major joint replacement)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a prioritisation scoring tool applied before major joint replacement surgery, targeting the musculoskeletal system; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code as a general musculoskeletal assessment, but it is substantially broader and does not reflect the surgical prioritisation context of the New Zealand criteria.
1352001007 (Assessment using Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The NEMS score is a tool for measuring nursing workload and patient acuity in ICU settings — there is no ICHI code for nursing workload scoring; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, whole person level) is the closest available category, though it is substantially broader and does not capture the administrative/staffing purpose of the NEMS instrument.
445789007 (Assessment using nine hole peg test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The nine hole peg test specifically measures manual dexterity and fine motor coordination of the fingers/hand, which falls within voluntary movement control, but ICHI has no code specific to hand or finger dexterity testing. MVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement) is the closest functional category, though it is broader than the peg test's targeted finger-manipulation focus.
716207004 (Assessment using Northwestern Syntax Screening Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Northwestern Syntax Screening Test specifically evaluates syntactic comprehension and production, which maps squarely within language function testing. ICHI does not name individual standardised tests, so AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) is the best fit, though it is broader than this syntax-specific screening instrument.
443717004 (Assessment using Norton Scale)maps to wider conceptLTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin)The Norton Scale is a risk-assessment tool that predicts pressure ulcer (pressure injury) development by scoring physical condition, activity, mobility, and continence — its primary outcome is evaluating the skin's protective integrity. LTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not capture the multidimensional risk-scoring nature of the Norton instrument.
716147002 (Assessment using Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale)maps to wider conceptSM1.AC.ZZ (Test of self care, unspecified)The Nottingham Extended ADL Scale measures independence across domestic, mobility, leisure, and kitchen tasks — broader than basic self-care but anchored in activities of daily living. SM1.AC.ZZ (Test of self care, unspecified) is the most appropriate ICHI code available, though it is wider as it does not specifically distinguish extended/instrumental ADLs from basic self-care tasks.
717002006 (Assessment using Nottingham Health Profile)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The Nottingham Health Profile is a patient-reported outcome measure covering six dimensions (energy, pain, emotional reactions, sleep, social isolation, physical mobility) as an overall indicator of perceived health status, which aligns closely with health-related quality of life testing. PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life) is the best available ICHI code, though broader since it does not specify the multi-domain subjective health profile format.
770635000 (Assessment using Nottingham Prognostic Index)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Nottingham Prognostic Index is a breast cancer-specific prognostic scoring tool combining tumour size, lymph node stage, and histological grade; ICHI contains no cancer-staging or prognostic index codes, so the best available match is the generic whole-person general health assessment, which is substantially broader in scope.
1284856004 (Assessment using Numeric Pain Rating Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of pain regardless of the instrument used, while the SNOMED concept specifies the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS-11) as the method; the ICHI code is therefore broader, as it does not capture the specific standardised instrument or numeric self-report approach.
445793001 (Assessment using obligatory exercise questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of energy and drive functions)The obligatory exercise questionnaire measures compulsive or addictive exercise drive, which maps conceptually to the ICF/ICHI domain of energy and drive functions (ATI); however, ICHI does not encode the specific instrument or the behavioural/addiction dimension of compulsive exercise, making this a broader match.
450325006 (Assessment using obsessive compulsive inventory)maps to wider conceptAUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions)The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory assesses OCD symptom severity, which is rooted in disordered thought content and compulsive mental processes; ICHI's assessment of thought functions (AUF) is the closest functional domain, but the code does not specify the OCD-specific instrument or the compulsive behavioural component, making it broader.
446003009 (Assessment using occupational case analysis interview and rating scale)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The Occupational Case Analysis Interview and Rating Scale (OCAIRS) is an occupational therapy tool evaluating a person's occupational performance and work/life engagement; SU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of work and employment participation, which aligns with the core domain of the instrument, but the ICHI code does not capture the interview-plus-rating-scale methodology or the full breadth of occupational roles beyond work.
446008000 (Assessment using occupational circumstances assessment interview and rating scale version 4.0 for forensic mental health)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The OCAIRS-4 is a structured interview assessing occupational/psychosocial functioning in a forensic mental health context, which falls within the scope of assessing global psychosocial functions. ICHI does not distinguish specific named assessment instruments, forensic settings, or the occupational framing, making ATF.AA.ZZ broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
445796009 (Assessment using occupational performance history interview)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI) is a semi-structured interview tool used in occupational therapy to assess a person's occupational adaptation and psychosocial history; ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, which is the closest available ICHI category. ICHI does not capture the specific named tool, the occupational therapy frame of reference, or the historical/narrative interview dimension.
446007005 (Assessment using occupational self assessment version 2.2)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)The Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) is a client-centred tool in which a person rates their own occupational performance and values across self-care, productivity, and leisure; SM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care) captures the self-care dimension but does not reflect the self-report methodology, the versioned instrument, or the broader occupational performance scope of the OSA. No single ICHI code covers all three occupational performance domains assessed by the OSA, so the closest conceptual anchor is assessment of self care.
725815003 (Assessment using Occupational Therapy Driver Off Road Assessment Battery)maps to wider conceptSKD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of driving)The OT-DORA Battery assesses fitness-to-drive capacity using off-road (non-on-road) occupational therapy methods, and SKD.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of driving, making it the closest ICHI match. ICHI does not distinguish the specific battery, the off-road setting, or the occupational therapy discipline context, so the ICHI code is broader.
446004003 (Assessment using occupational therapy functional assessment compilation tool)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The OT-FACT is a structured compilation tool used in occupational therapy to assess functional performance across multiple life domains (self-care, mobility, cognition, etc.); because it spans body functions, activities, and participation, the closest ICHI code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers assessment of the whole person. No single ICHI code captures a multi-domain functional compilation instrument, and PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available assessment category reflecting this cross-domain scope.
445792006 (Assessment using Occupational Therapy Task Observation Scale)maps to wider conceptSDA.AM.ZZ (Observation of undertaking tasks)The ICHI code covers structured observation of a patient's ability to undertake tasks, which aligns well with the OT Task Observation Scale's purpose of observing task performance. However, ICHI does not capture the occupational therapy discipline or the specific standardised scale used, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
715398005 (Assessment using Office of Population Census and Surveys disability scale)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)The OPCS disability scale measures functional task performance and limitations across daily activities, which maps most closely to assessment of undertaking tasks in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the OPCS instrument or its multi-domain disability scope.
715423007 (Assessment using Office of Population Census and Surveys hearing disability scale)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)The OPCS hearing disability scale specifically assesses hearing-related functional limitation, matching ICHI's assessment of hearing functions in target and intent. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the OPCS instrument or the disability/functional limitation framing.
714352002 (Assessment using Outcome Rating Scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Outcome Rating Scale is a brief self-report tool measuring individual wellbeing, interpersonal functioning, and social role performance used in psychotherapy outcome monitoring. ICHI's assessment of global psychosocial functions is the closest match, but is broader as it does not specify the ORS instrument or the therapy-outcome-monitoring context.
1367643009 (Assessment using Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System)maps to wider conceptNMS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified)O-RADS is a structured risk-stratification assessment system applied to ovarian and adnexal findings (typically on ultrasound or MRI), which falls under assessment of the female genital system in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire female genital system without specifying the adnexal focus, the imaging modality, or the standardised O-RADS reporting framework.
713199006 (Assessment using Oxford Cognitive Screen)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Oxford Cognitive Screen is a standardised neuropsychological tool assessing multiple higher-level cognitive domains (attention, memory, language, praxis, number processing), which maps well to AUH.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment of higher-level cognitive functions, not specifically the Oxford Cognitive Screen instrument.
445788004 (Assessment using Oxford hip score)maps to wider conceptMLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint)The Oxford Hip Score is a patient-reported outcome measure evaluating pain and function of the hip joint, which corresponds to MLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment method for the hip joint, not exclusively the Oxford Hip Score questionnaire.
773671000 (Assessment using Padua Inventory)maps to wider conceptAUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions)The Padua Inventory is a validated psychometric instrument measuring obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which are classified within thought functions (intrusive, unwanted, repetitive thoughts and impulses); AUF.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all assessments of thought functions rather than OCD-specific measurement.
1352019003 (Assessment using Paediatric Index of Mortality 2)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) is a severity-of-illness scoring tool used in paediatric intensive care to predict mortality risk; no ICHI code exists for prognostic scoring or mortality prediction specifically, making PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — covering whole-person clinical assessment) the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the predictive/prognostic scoring nature or the paediatric ICU context of PIM2.
1344630006 (Assessment using Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)PAINAD is a structured observational tool for assessing pain specifically in non-verbal patients with advanced dementia. AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain broadly; it does not capture the dementia-population specificity or the observational/behavioural methodology of the PAINAD scale, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
715322001 (Assessment using Pain Catastrophizing Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Pain Catastrophizing Scale measures cognitive-emotional responses to pain (helplessness, rumination, magnification) via self-report questionnaire. AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers pain assessment broadly, but does not capture the psychological/catastrophizing dimension; the ICHI code is therefore wider than this specific self-report instrument.
445790003 (Assessment using pain self efficacy questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire measures a patient's confidence in performing activities despite pain — a self-report psychological construct. AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but encompasses all pain assessments without distinguishing self-efficacy measurement, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
719875003 (Assessment using Parenting Daily Hassles Scale)maps to wider conceptVEJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of parenting behaviours)The Parenting Daily Hassles Scale measures frequency and intensity of common parenting stressors/hassles via self-report. VEJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of parenting behaviours broadly within the health-related behaviours chapter; it does not capture the stress/hassles dimension specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest available ICHI match.
725877002 (Assessment using Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth)maps to wider conceptSX1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified)The PEM-CY is a standardised tool measuring participation and environmental factors across home, school, and community settings in children/youth. SX1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of community, social and civic life engagement, which captures the participation dimension but is broader because it does not specify the environmental context or paediatric population.
736708003 (Assessment using PASS (Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients))maps to wider conceptSHD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of maintaining body position)The PASS specifically quantifies postural control (maintaining and changing body position) in stroke patients using a validated scale. SHD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering assessment of maintaining body position, but it is broader because it does not specify the stroke aetiology, the validated instrument used, or the changing-position component that PASS also scores.
713579005 (Assessment using Patient Activation Measure)maps to wider conceptVD1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health service-related behaviours, unspecified)The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) assesses a patient's knowledge, skills, and confidence to self-manage their health and engage with health services. VD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health service-related behaviours, which aligns with the core PAM construct, but is broader as it does not capture the self-management or patient empowerment dimensions of the PAM.
836484004 (Assessment using Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The PETS questionnaire captures patient-reported experience of treatment burden and self-management demands across multiple chronic conditions. No ICHI code specifically represents patient experience or self-management assessment, so the broadest applicable code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which is considerably broader than this specific validated instrument.
763230004 (Assessment using Patient Global Impression of Improvement)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The PGI-I is a single-item patient-rated scale of global change or improvement in their condition since starting treatment, reflecting the patient's own perception of overall status. PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life) is the closest ICHI concept covering patient-level global health state testing on the whole person, though it is broader in scope and does not specifically denote a change-over-time or improvement rating.
865934004 (Assessment using Patient Health Questionnaire-4)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The PHQ-4 is a validated brief instrument screening for both depression and anxiety, which are emotional functions in ICHI's taxonomy. AUD.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all emotional functions assessment, not specifically the PHQ-4 instrument or the combined depression/anxiety scope — no ICHI code exists for named screening questionnaires of this kind.
445791004 (Assessment using patient rated wrist evaluation scale)maps to wider conceptMTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scale assesses wrist pain and functional disability; the closest ICHI code captures joint functional assessment (mobility), but is broader as it is not wrist-specific and does not reflect the patient-rated or pain/disability scope of the PRWE instrument.
763372000 (Assessment using patient satisfaction score)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Patient satisfaction scoring is a whole-person, non-organ-specific assessment of the patient's experience with care, which best maps to the general health assessment of the whole person in ICHI; no ICHI code captures patient-reported satisfaction specifically, making this a broad approximate match.
719126002 (Assessment using Patient-Specific Functional Scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a patient-reported outcome measure of functional ability across any patient-nominated activities; it spans body functions and activities/participation in a non-specific way, best captured by the whole-person general health assessment code, though ICHI has no code for patient-specific or individualised functional outcome measures.
491531000000103 (Assessment using PCL-5 (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition))maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The PCL-5 is a validated self-report measure of PTSD symptom severity, which falls under the emotional and psychological mental functions domain in ICHI; AUD.AA.ZZ is the best available code but is broader, as it covers all emotional functions assessment rather than trauma-specific or PTSD-specific symptom evaluation.
1290544004 (Assessment using Pediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a code for triage or acuity-scale-based assessment tools; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, interventions on whole person) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering any general health assessment rather than this specific pediatric emergency triage instrument.
870185009 (Assessment using Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease score)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)ICHI has no specific code for PELD or liver disease severity scoring; KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions, under Interventions on the digestive system) is the nearest functional fit, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets hepatic/liver disease severity in paediatric patients.
763226002 (Assessment using PEDIS (Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation) scoring system)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PEDIS is a multi-dimensional wound classification system spanning vascular, integumentary, infectious, and neurological domains simultaneously; no single ICHI code covers this composite assessment, and PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available single category that can accommodate a whole-person multi-system scoring assessment.
725844001 (Assessment using Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire-15)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)The PDAQ-15 measures instrumental and personal activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease patients; SM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified, under Interventions on self care in the activities and participation domain) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it covers any self-care assessment rather than a disease-specific ADL questionnaire.
445795008 (Assessment using Penn State worry questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions)The Penn State Worry Questionnaire is a validated measure of pathological worry, which in ICHI maps most closely to AUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions, under Interventions on specific mental functions), since worry is primarily a cognitive-ruminative thought process; however, AUF.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all thought functions rather than worry specifically.
715199008 (Assessment using Perceived Stress Scale)maps to wider conceptSDJ.AC.ZZ (Test of handling stress and other psychological demands)The Perceived Stress Scale is a standardised self-report test instrument measuring how stressful a person perceives their life situations, which maps directly to the ICHI "Test of handling stress and other psychological demands" (SDJ.AC.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all tests of stress-handling capacity, not just the PSS tool specifically.
715424001 (Assessment using Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory)maps to wider conceptJUF.AC.ZZ (Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)The Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory is a standardised self-report instrument measuring a person's own perception of their stuttering behaviours (struggle, avoidance, expectancy), which falls within the fluency and rhythm of speech functions domain. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of fluency/rhythm rather than the PSI tool or self-perception angle specifically.
715368003 (Assessment using Peter and the Cat Narrative Assessment)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Peter and the Cat Narrative Assessment is a standardised test of narrative language ability in children (eliciting and analysing story structure, grammar, vocabulary), which belongs to the mental functions of language domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all language mental function tests rather than narrative-specific assessment.
762193004 (Assessment using Phoneme Factory Phonology Screener)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)The Phoneme Factory Phonology Screener is a standardised screening tool assessing children's speech sound system (phonological processes and phoneme production), which maps to the ICHI articulation functions domain. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of articulation rather than phonological screening tools specifically, and ICHI does not distinguish articulation from phonology at this level.
717908007 (Assessment using Phonological Assessment of Child Speech)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)The Phonological Assessment of Child Speech (PACS) is a detailed standardised assessment of speech sound errors and phonological patterns in children, which falls within the articulation functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all tests of articulation functions and does not differentiate child-specific phonological analysis tools.
717018000 (Assessment using Phonological Awareness Profile)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Phonological Awareness Profile is a standardised test instrument targeting the cognitive-linguistic capacity to recognise and manipulate phonological units of language, which falls under ICHI's "mental functions of language" target axis. AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) is wider because it covers all language mental function testing, not specifically phonological awareness.
719317008 (Assessment using Phonological Awareness Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The PAT-2 is a standardised normative test of phonological awareness skills (a metalinguistic language function), placing it squarely in ICHI's mental functions of language domain. AUI.AC.ZZ is the best available code but is wider, as it covers all language mental function tests rather than the phonological awareness sub-domain specifically.
716880006 (Assessment using Phonological Evaluation and Transcription of Audio-Visual Language)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)PETAL is a tool for evaluating audio-visual speech perception and phonological processing — a language mental function assessment — which maps to ICHI's AUI.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all tests of language mental functions, not the specific audio-visual phonological evaluation domain.
716770004 (Assessment using PICA (Porch Index of Communicative Ability))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The PICA is a standardised multi-modality test of communicative ability (verbal, gestural, graphic channels) used primarily to quantify aphasia severity — fundamentally a test of language mental functions. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is wider, capturing all language mental function testing rather than communicative ability assessment specifically.
763105008 (Assessment using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)The PSQI is a validated self-report questionnaire that quantifies sleep quality and disturbances, which is a clinical assessment of sleep functions — the domain covered by ICHI's ATK.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of sleep function assessment, not the specific PSQI instrument or its quality-focused construct.
718518006 (Assessment using PLS-4 (Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The PLS-4 is a standardised norm-referenced test of receptive and expressive language in young children, which maps squarely to testing language mental functions. ICHI does not distinguish the specific instrument (PLS-4) or the paediatric age band, so the ICHI code is broader.
718988006 (Assessment using PLS-5 (Preschool Language Scale - Fifth Edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The PLS-5 is the successor edition to the PLS-4 and is similarly a standardised test of preschool language function; the same ICHI code applies, again being broader because ICHI does not encode specific instrument editions or patient age groups.
1156395000 (Assessment using Pocket Smell Test)maps to wider conceptAVB.AC.ZZ (Test of smell functions)The Pocket Smell Test is a brief standardised olfactory identification test, directly corresponding to testing smell function in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument or its brief/pocket format.
445799002 (Assessment using Pool Activity Level Instrument)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Pool Activity Level Instrument is a standardised observational assessment of cognitive-functional capacity used in dementia care, targeting higher-level cognitive functions (planning, sequencing, problem-solving) to inform activity engagement. AUH.AC.ZZ captures the core cognitive testing dimension but is broader, as the PAL also incorporates an activity/participation element not represented in this body-function level code.
761867005 (Assessment using POS-S Renal (Palliative care Outcome Scale symptom list for end-stage renal disease))maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The POS-S Renal is a multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure quantifying symptom burden and quality of life in end-stage renal disease under palliative care; PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life — whole person target) is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader than this renal-specific, palliative-focused symptom instrument and does not reflect the disease-specific or palliative context.
716829005 (Assessment using PPVT (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The PPVT is a standardised test of receptive vocabulary knowledge, which is a specific sub-domain of mental functions of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers all mental functions of language (not just receptive vocabulary), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this cognitive-linguistic assessment.
718318007 (Assessment using Pragmatics Profile)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Pragmatics Profile assesses functional and social use of language (pragmatics) across contexts — a sub-domain of mental functions of language — but no pragmatics-specific ICHI code exists; AUI.AC.ZZ is the best available match, encompassing the broader language mental functions domain of which pragmatics is one component.
716803005 (Assessment using Pre-speech Assessment Scale)maps to wider conceptJUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions)The Pre-speech Assessment Scale evaluates oral-motor, feeding, and early phonatory behaviours in infants as precursors to speech development; JUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions) is the closest ICHI code covering the speech function domain the instrument addresses, though it is broader and does not capture the feeding/swallowing or pre-speech developmental specificity of this infant-targeted scale.
725879004 (Assessment using Preferences for Activities of Children)maps to wider conceptSXD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in playing)The SNOMED concept is a specific named instrument (PAC) assessing children's preferences for recreational activities, which falls within the domain of play and leisure engagement. SXD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering assessment of playing/activity engagement in the community/social participation chapter, but it is broader as it is not instrument-specific and encompasses all play engagement assessment, not just activity preference in children.
1287840004 (Assessment using Premature Infant Pain Profile)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The SNOMED concept represents a specific validated pain assessment instrument (PIPP) for premature infants, whereas AXA.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pain regardless of patient population or tool used. No neonatal- or infant-specific pain assessment code exists in ICHI, making this a wider mapping.
1287841000 (Assessment using Premature Infant Pain Profile - Revised)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)As with the original PIPP, the revised version (PIPP-R) is a specific premature-infant pain assessment instrument; AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, covering all pain assessments without specificity to instrument, patient age, or clinical context.
716129008 (Assessment using Preschool Behavior Checklist)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Preschool Behavior Checklist is a screening instrument for behavioural and emotional problems in young children, which maps most closely to assessment of global psychosocial functions in ICHI. ATF.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all ages and any method of psychosocial assessment, not specifically behavioural screening in preschool-aged children.
716769000 (Assessment using Preschool Language Scale)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Preschool Language Scale is a specific standardised language test for young children; AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of mental functions of language without specifying the instrument, age group, or developmental focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
718711003 (Assessment using Process of Recovery Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptVEL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)The Process of Recovery Questionnaire is a specific patient-reported instrument measuring self-perceived mental health recovery; VEL.AA.ZZ encompasses any assessment of psychological health and wellbeing behaviours without specifying the instrument or the recovery-orientation concept, making it broader.
1345044005 (Assessment using Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System)maps to wider conceptNGA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of prostate)PI-RADS is a structured scoring and reporting framework applied during or after multiparametric MRI of the prostate; NGA.BA.BH captures the imaging procedure itself but does not represent the structured assessment/reporting component that defines the SNOMED concept.
865964007 (Assessment using Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders)maps to wider conceptVA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)PRISM is a structured diagnostic interview covering both substance use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders; VA1.AA.ZZ addresses only the substance-related dimension and omits the mental disorder axis, making it an incomplete but closest available match.
719086002 (Assessment using Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)PALPA is a specific psycholinguistic battery targeting language processing deficits in aphasia; AUI.AC.ZZ represents any standardised test of mental functions of language without capturing the aphasia-specific clinical context or the psycholinguistic processing focus of the instrument.
445802006 (Assessment using psychotic symptom rating scale)maps to wider conceptAUF.AC.ZZ (Test of thought functions)Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder) fall within the thought functions domain of ICHI, and a rating scale is best captured by the "Test" action (AC). AUF.AC.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all thought function testing, not specifically psychotic symptom rating instruments.
1127091000000109 (Assessment using pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess index)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)The PUFA index is a structured dental/oral health assessment scoring tooth pathology (pulpal exposure, ulceration, fistula, abscess), which falls within dental examination in ICHI. KAE.AE.AC is broader as it covers any dental examination rather than specifically the PUFA index instrument.
715305003 (Assessment using Pyramids and Palm Trees Test)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test primarily assesses semantic (associative) memory and is widely used as a measure of semantic memory function; AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as it encompasses all memory testing rather than specifically semantic memory or this named instrument.
763243004 (Assessment using QRISK cardiovascular disease 10 year risk calculator)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)QRISK is a validated tool for calculating 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, which constitutes an assessment of cardiovascular function; HT2.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assessments of cardiovascular function rather than specifically a risk-prediction calculator.
715323006 (Assessment using QRISK2 cardiovascular disease 10 year risk scale)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)QRISK2 is an updated version of the QRISK algorithm for 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation, semantically identical in clinical purpose to QRISK; HT2.AA.ZZ maps both QRISK and QRISK2 at the same level of granularity since ICHI does not distinguish between specific risk-scoring instruments.
445801004 (Assessment using quality of upper extremity skills test)maps to wider conceptSIJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hand and arm use)The QUEST (Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test) assesses specific upper extremity motor skills (dissociated movements, grasp, weight bearing, protective extension), whereas SIJ.AA.ZZ covers the broader activity domain of hand and arm use without specifying the particular instrument or skill components tested.
445675007 (Assessment using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure)maps to wider conceptSIJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hand and arm use)The QuickDASH is a patient-reported outcome measure for upper extremity function encompassing the arm, shoulder, and hand; SIJ.AA.ZZ captures the same activity domain (hand and arm use) but is broader as it does not encode the instrument-specific focus on disability and symptom severity that QuickDASH provides.
868186005 (Assessment using Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Adolescent)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The QIDS-A17 is a structured questionnaire specifically measuring depressive symptom severity in adolescents; AUD.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers assessment of emotional functions generally, without specificity to depression, its severity, or the adolescent population.
716792000 (Assessment using Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Rancho Los Amigos scale rates levels of cognitive functioning (from no response through purposeful/appropriate) typically after acquired brain injury; AUH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of higher-level cognitive functions broadly and does not encode the specific scale, the brain injury context, or the full spectrum of consciousness levels the tool spans.
1365747000 (Assessment using Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants - Shortened Version)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)REAP-S is a rapid dietary screener assessing habitual eating patterns and dietary behaviour; VEA.AA.ZZ (assessment of eating behaviours, under interventions on health-related behaviours) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it does not reflect the instrument-specific, dietary-screening nature of REAP-S.
717032003 (Assessment using Raven's APM (Advanced Progressive Matrices))maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)Raven's APM is a standardised non-verbal test of abstract reasoning and intellectual ability, which maps to ICHI's "Test of intellectual functions." ICHI does not have instrument-specific codes, so the ICHI code is broader, covering all intellectual function tests rather than this particular instrument.
716062003 (Assessment using Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices is a standardised non-verbal intelligence test designed for younger children and special populations, falling squarely within intellectual function testing. ICHI provides no instrument-level granularity, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
716114006 (Assessment using Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The combined Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales assesses both non-verbal reasoning and verbal ability, both facets of intellectual function. ICHI's "Test of intellectual functions" is the best available category but is broader, capturing no instrument specificity or the combined verbal/non-verbal scope.
716204006 (Assessment using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices is the original and most widely used form of the Raven's series, measuring non-verbal abstract reasoning as a measure of intellectual ability. As with the other Raven's variants, ICHI encodes this at the level of intellectual function testing with no instrument-specific distinction.
716763004 (Assessment using RCADS (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale))maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The RCADS is a standardised self-report questionnaire measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in children, which are emotional functions in the ICF framework that ICHI targets. ICHI's "Test of emotional functions" is the best fit but is broader, covering all emotional function tests rather than this specific instrument or the particular anxiety-depression construct it measures.
718673003 (Assessment using RCADS-P (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale Parent Version))maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The RCADS-P is a standardised parent-report scale measuring anxiety and depression in children, which maps most closely to assessment of emotional functions (target AUD = emotional functions, action AA = assessment). ICHI has no instrument-specific or anxiety/depression-specific assessment code, so AUD.AA.ZZ is broader, covering all emotional function assessments rather than this specific scale.
719119002 (Assessment using RCBA-2 (Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia Second Edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The RCBA-2 is a formal standardised test of reading comprehension in people with aphasia, which aligns with the ICHI action "Test" (AC) rather than generic "Assessment" (AA) applied to the target of mental functions of language (AUI). ICHI has no aphasia-specific or reading-comprehension-specific code, making this a wider match.
719993001 (Assessment using REEL-2 (Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale - second edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The REEL-2 is a developmental language assessment tool measuring receptive and expressive emergent language, best captured by AUI.AA.ZZ (assessment of mental functions of language). ICHI carries no code specific to emergent/developmental language scales, making this a wider match.
719995008 (Assessment using REEL-3 (Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale - third edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)REEL-3 is the third edition of the same developmental receptive/expressive language assessment instrument as REEL-2, and maps identically to AUI.AA.ZZ; ICHI does not distinguish between editions or between receptive and expressive language sub-domains, so the match is wider.
714357008 (Assessment using Relative Stress Scale)maps to wider conceptSDJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of handling stress and other psychological demands)The Relative Stress Scale is a standardised instrument for measuring carer/relative stress, which corresponds to SDJ.AA.ZZ — assessment targeted at the "handling stress and other psychological demands" domain. ICHI does not have a code for carer-specific or instrument-specific stress measurement, so this is a wider match.
715299000 (Assessment using Renfrew Action Picture Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Renfrew Action Picture Test is a standardised tool for assessing children's expressive language (grammar and information in picture description), which falls within mental functions of language. The ICHI code covers all tests of language mental functions, making it broader than this specific named instrument.
718238006 (Assessment using Renfrew Action Picture Test Revised Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Revised Edition of the Renfrew Action Picture Test is the same expressive language instrument in an updated form, targeting the same mental functions of language domain. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any standardised language function test rather than this specific named version.
715449002 (Assessment using Renfrew Bus Story)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Renfrew Bus Story assesses narrative language ability (connected speech recall and retelling), which is a mental function of language. The ICHI code is broader, covering all tests of language mental functions rather than this specific narrative language instrument.
716821008 (Assessment using Renfrew Word Finding Vocabulary Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Renfrew Word Finding Vocabulary Test specifically assesses expressive vocabulary retrieval, a core mental function of language. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any test of language mental functions rather than this specific vocabulary assessment tool.
445794007 (Assessment using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The RBANS is a standardised multidomain neuropsychological battery spanning attention, language, visuospatial, and memory domains, which aligns most closely with testing of higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is broader than the specific named battery and encompasses the full neuropsychological cognitive scope it measures.
715164009 (Assessment using Repertory Grid)maps to wider conceptATH.AC.ZZ (Test of temperament and personality functions)The Repertory Grid Technique is a structured psychological test that elicits a person's personal constructs — their cognitive patterns for understanding self, others, and relationships — making it primarily a formalized test of personality/construct dimensions. ICHI has no code for this specific technique, and ATH.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all tests of temperament and personality functions.
725819009 (Assessment using Residential Environment Impact Scale Version 4.0)maps to wider conceptUGP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health effects of residential buildings)The REIS v4 is an occupational therapy assessment of how the residential environment supports or hinders a person's occupational performance and independence; UGP.AA.ZZ targets residential buildings using the Assessment action and is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health effect of residential buildings rather than the specific occupational performance impact focus of REIS.
718237001 (Assessment using Revised Child Impact of Events Scale 8)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)The CRIES-8 is a validated child self-report scale measuring PTSD symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, arousal) following traumatic events, primarily capturing emotional and psychological responses to trauma; AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all emotional function assessment rather than being specific to post-traumatic stress symptoms in children.
1284925008 (Assessment using Revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The Revised FLACC is a behavioural observation pain scale used to assess pain intensity in non-verbal or cognitively impaired patients, making AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) the direct semantic match. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the behavioural observation method or the target population (non-verbal/paediatric patients).
715454006 (Assessment using Revised Kendrick Battery for detection of dementia in the elderly)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Revised Kendrick Battery is a standardised psychometric test targeting cognitive functions associated with dementia (memory, object learning) in older adults, which falls within the higher-level cognitive functions domain. ICHI does not have a dementia-specific assessment code, so AUH.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all standardised tests of higher-level cognitive functions rather than this specific battery.
715372004 (Assessment using Revised Token Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Revised Token Test is a standardised neuropsychological instrument assessing auditory language comprehension, which maps to the mental functions of language domain in ICHI. AUI.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any standardised test of language mental functions, not specifically the Token Test or its auditory comprehension focus.
716725007 (Assessment using Reynell Developmental Language Scales fourth edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Reynell Developmental Language Scales assess receptive and expressive language development in young children, which aligns with assessment of the mental functions of language in ICHI. AUI.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assessments of language mental functions without specificity to developmental age, a particular edition, or the structured scale instrument used.
445985006 (Assessment using rheumatoid arthritis work instability scale)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The RA Work Instability Scale measures the degree of mismatch between a patient's functional capacity and work demands, specifically in the context of rheumatoid arthritis; SU2.AA.ZZ captures the assessment of work and employment engagement as its domain. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to any work-related assessment rather than this disease-specific, validated self-report instrument.
1345049000 (Assessment using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)The Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) measures the level of sedation and agitation, which maps squarely onto the ICHI domain of awareness and alertness functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of awareness/alertness, while the SNOMED concept specifies the use of one particular validated scale instrument.
715443001 (Assessment using Rivermead Activities of Daily Living scale)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)The Rivermead ADL scale assesses a patient's ability to perform domestic and personal self-care activities, which falls under the ICHI self-care assessment category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all self-care assessments, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies administration of the particular Rivermead ADL instrument.
445797000 (Assessment using Rivermead behavioral memory test)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) is a standardised neuropsychological instrument specifically designed to assess everyday memory functioning, which corresponds directly to the ICHI "Test of memory" category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any memory test, while the SNOMED concept names the specific RBMT instrument.
718695004 (Assessment using Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test for Children)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The RBMT for Children is the paediatric adaptation of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and assesses the same everyday memory domain; ICHI has no age-stratified memory test codes, so the adult and paediatric versions both map to the same "Test of memory" category, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
718696003 (Assessment using Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test Third Edition)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT-3) is a standardised neuropsychological instrument specifically designed to assess everyday memory function and detect memory impairment. ICHI AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the closest available code — action AC (test) is more precise than AA (assessment) for a formal psychometric instrument — but the ICHI code is broader, covering any memory test rather than this specific battery.
445798005 (Assessment using Rivermead perceptual assessment battery)maps to wider conceptAUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions)The Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery is a standardised tool for evaluating visual and perceptual deficits, mapping directly to the perceptual functions target (AUE) with the test action (AC). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all perceptual tests rather than this specific battery.
725824007 (Assessment using Rookwood Driving Battery)maps to wider conceptSKD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of driving)SKD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of driving ability as an activity, which is the correct domain. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies use of the Rookwood Driving Battery — a specific neuropsychological tool for assessing fitness to drive — with no ICHI code capturing that instrument-level specificity.
716591005 (Assessment using Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire is a standardised screening instrument measuring emotional and behavioural problems in children, which maps to the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the Rutter instrument, child populations, or the behavioural screening purpose specifically.
763305004 (Assessment using S(AD) SAD (Size (area, depth) Sepsis, Arteriopathy, Denervation) system)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The S(AD) SAD system is a multi-dimensional wound classification tool for diabetic foot ulcers, scoring size/depth, sepsis, arteriopathy, and denervation. ICHI has no code for wound grading, wound assessment, or diabetic foot assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the least-wrong fit but is substantially broader than this specific structured assessment instrument.
763233002 (Assessment using SADQ (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire))maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)VAA.AA.ZZ directly targets assessment of alcohol use behaviours, which is the clinical domain of the SADQ instrument. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of alcohol use assessment rather than the specific SADQ severity-of-dependence questionnaire.
450748004 (Assessment using Saint George's respiratory questionnaire)maps to wider conceptJT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)The Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a disease-specific health status instrument measuring symptom burden and quality of life impact in chronic respiratory conditions such as COPD. JT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the respiratory system, NEC) is the closest ICHI code within the respiratory function domain, but is broader as it does not capture the patient-reported, health-status/quality-of-life nature of the SGRQ specifically.
764528008 (Assessment using Salford Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Evaluation Instrument)maps to wider conceptMTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)The Salford Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Evaluation Instrument is a specific foot-focused clinical assessment tool measuring joint mobility in the context of rheumatoid arthritis; MTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of joint mobility broadly, without specificity to foot joints or the rheumatoid arthritis context, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
865930008 (Assessment using Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia)maps to wider conceptMVD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of control of voluntary movement)The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a standardised tool measuring cerebellar ataxia, which is a disorder of voluntary movement control; MVD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of control of voluntary movement broadly but does not specify the ataxia context or the named rating scale, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
719036008 (Assessment using SCAN-A Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Adolescents and Adults)maps to wider conceptCT2.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing and vestibular functions, not elsewhere classified)SCAN-A is a specific battery for diagnosing auditory processing disorders, which are central (perceptual) hearing function deficits not captured by the standard hearing function test code; CT2.AC.ZZ as the NEC hearing and vestibular functions test is the closest available fit, but it is wider, covering any unclassified hearing/vestibular test rather than being specific to auditory processing.
720405000 (Assessment using SCAN-C Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children)maps to wider conceptCT2.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing and vestibular functions, not elsewhere classified)SCAN-C is the paediatric counterpart to SCAN-A, also targeting central auditory processing disorders; the same reasoning applies — CT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI fit for an unclassified hearing/vestibular function test, but is wider since it does not specify the auditory processing domain or the paediatric population.
716036007 (Assessment using Schonell Graded Spelling Test)maps to wider conceptSCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing)The Schonell Graded Spelling Test assesses a child's ability to spell words correctly, which is a component of written language production; SCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing) is the closest ICHI code but is wider, as it encompasses all aspects of writing ability rather than the specific domain of spelling assessed by this named instrument.
719153003 (Assessment using Schonell Reading Test)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)SCF.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of reading ability, which is the precise activity being assessed by the Schonell Reading Test. ICHI does not represent named assessment instruments, so the code is broader than the specific named test.
725804008 (Assessment using School AMPS (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills))maps to wider conceptSTE.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in school education)The School AMPS is an observational assessment of a child's motor and process skills during school-based tasks; STE.AC.ZZ (test of engaging in school education) captures the school-performance context of the tool, though ICHI does not distinguish the motor/process skills axis within it, making the ICHI code broader.
445805008 (Assessment using scleroderma assessment questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The scleroderma assessment questionnaire measures disease-specific health status across multiple body domains; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment targeting the whole person) is the closest match in ICHI, though it is considerably broader and does not reflect the disease-specific or rheumatological focus of the tool.
718430002 (Assessment using SCORE Index of Family Function and Change 15)maps to wider conceptSSJ.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in family relationships)The SCORE-15 is a standardised questionnaire measuring family functioning and capacity for change; SSJ.AC.ZZ (test of engaging in family relationships) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the family relationship domain, though it does not cover the systemic/change dimension of the instrument.
716213008 (Assessment using Screening Test for Developmental Apraxia of Speech Second Edition)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)Developmental apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder affecting articulatory coordination; JUD.AC.ZZ (test of articulation functions) is the most specific ICHI code for testing speech articulation, though it does not specifically reflect the motor-planning or praxis nature of the CAS screening tool.
718578000 (Assessment using Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The START tool is a structured, evidence-based screening instrument used by clinicians to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients, which is a specialised clinical decision-support assessment. ICHI's "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, as ICHI has no medication appropriateness review or prescribing safety screening category.
1332332007 (Assessment using self-reported Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)The CRQ is a disease-specific, patient-reported outcome measure assessing health-related quality of life in chronic respiratory disease (primarily COPD), targeting dyspnoea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery. JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function) is the best anatomical match but is broader — ICHI has no self-report questionnaire or respiratory quality-of-life-specific assessment category.
446982000 (Assessment using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test)maps to wider conceptAVD.AC.ZZ (Test of touch functions)The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test is a standardised tactile threshold test using calibrated filaments to detect loss of protective sensation, most commonly for peripheral neuropathy screening in diabetic feet. AVD.AC.ZZ (Test of touch functions) is the best available code — touch/tactile function is the exact physiological domain tested — though ICHI does not distinguish the specific instrument or neuropathy context, making it broader.
445977002 (Assessment using Sensory Integration and Praxis Test)maps to wider conceptAUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions)The SIPT is a standardised battery developed by Ayres assessing sensory integration and praxis abilities (visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, and vestibular processing plus motor planning) primarily in children aged 4–8. AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) captures the perceptual-processing assessment dimension most closely, though ICHI does not have a composite sensory integration or praxis-specific test category, making this a broader match.
446002004 (Assessment using sensory integration inventory revised for individuals with developmental disabilities)maps to wider conceptAUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions)The SII-R is a caregiver-report sensory integration screening instrument designed specifically for individuals with developmental disabilities, assessing sensory processing patterns across tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive domains. AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) is the closest available category in ICHI; the developmental disability population and the composite multi-domain sensory integration focus are not separately captured in ICHI, so the match is wider than the SNOMED concept.
450975003 (Assessment using sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)SMART is a structured multi-sensory assessment tool specifically designed to evaluate awareness and responsiveness in patients with disorders of consciousness, and ICHI's ATC.AA.ZZ captures this core construct (awareness/alertness assessment). However, ICHI's code is broader — it covers any assessment of awareness/alertness functions, not exclusively the SMART instrument or its specific sensory-channel methodology.
446758001 (Assessment using sensory profile)maps to wider conceptAV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)The Sensory Profile is a standardised questionnaire assessing processing across multiple sensory modalities (tactile, auditory, visual, vestibular, oral), and AV2.AA.ZZ is the NEC residual category for assessment of sensory functions not captured by the individual modality-specific codes. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any multi-modal or unclassified sensory function assessment, not the specific Sensory Profile instrument or its sensory processing/integration construct.
725807001 (Assessment using Sensory Profile 2)maps to wider conceptAV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)Sensory Profile 2 is an updated version of Dunn's Sensory Profile covering the same multi-modal sensory processing assessment across the lifespan, mapping to the same ICHI code as the original; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any unclassified multi-sensory assessment rather than this specific standardised instrument.
446764008 (Assessment using sequential occupational dexterity assessment)maps to wider conceptAUC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of psychomotor functions)SODA (Sequential Occupational Dexterity Assessment) evaluates fine motor dexterity through sequential hand tasks, which falls within the psychomotor functions domain (the coordinated integration of motor planning and execution); no specific hand-dexterity assessment code exists in ICHI, and AUC.AA.ZZ is the best available fit, though it is broader than manual dexterity alone.
716061005 (Assessment using Shortened Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Minnesota Aphasia Test is a standardised language assessment battery for aphasia diagnosis, fitting precisely within "Test of mental functions of language" (AUI.AC.ZZ); the ICHI code is wider because it covers any language function test, not specifically aphasia differential diagnosis.
1351489001 (Assessment using Simplified Acute Physiology Scale III)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)SAPS III is a structured scoring tool applied to the whole person across multiple physiological parameters to predict ICU mortality; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, target = whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, but it is substantially broader and does not capture the ICU severity-scoring context or any organ-specific detail.
865920004 (Assessment using Sleep Inertia Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATK.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to sleep functions)The Sleep Inertia Questionnaire is a self-report/interview instrument assessing the subjective experience of grogginess and impaired alertness on waking, which aligns most closely with ATK.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to sleep functions) rather than the more generic ATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all interview-based interventions on sleep functions, not specifically sleep inertia.
716215001 (Assessment using Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale - Revised 6-40)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The SON-R 6-40 is a standardised nonverbal IQ test administered to individuals aged 6–40 years; ATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions) is the best-fit ICHI code, as it covers formal psychometric testing of intellectual capacity, though it does not specify the nonverbal modality or the particular instrument.
716185004 (Assessment using Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale Revised 2.5-7)maps to wider conceptATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions)The SON-R 2.5-7 is a nonverbal intelligence test for young children (age 2.5–7); the same ICHI code ATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions) applies as for its sibling scale, and the same wideness caveat holds — ICHI does not distinguish instrument, age range, or verbal versus nonverbal modality.
445720009 (Assessment using social functioning scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The Social Functioning Scale is a standardised rating instrument measuring multiple domains of social and role functioning, which ICHI maps to "global psychosocial functions" — the broadest available psychosocial target. ICHI lacks a specific "social functioning" target, making this code wider than the SNOMED concept.
445415008 (Assessment using social phobia inventory)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Social Phobia Inventory is a standardised self-report test for a specific emotional disorder (social anxiety/phobia), which falls under ICHI's emotional functions target. ICHI has no specific code for anxiety or phobia measurement, so this broader "emotional functions" code is the best fit.
719877006 (Assessment using Social Satisfaction Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)The Social Satisfaction Questionnaire measures subjective satisfaction with social life and relationships, which is a quality-of-life domain; ICHI's "Test of quality of life" at the whole-person level is the closest available code. ICHI lacks a dedicated "social satisfaction" target, making this mapping wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
446759009 (Assessment using Sollerman hand function test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The Sollerman Hand Function Test is a standardised assessment of upper limb/hand dexterity using everyday gripping tasks, which ICHI represents as a test of voluntary movement control. ICHI has no specific hand-function test code, and the musculoskeletal voluntary-movement-control target is the closest semantic fit, though broader than the hand-specific SNOMED concept.
716218004 (Assessment using South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)The South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology is a standardised test of speech sound/phonological ability in children, which ICHI captures under "Test of articulation functions" — articulation being the closest structural equivalent to phonology in ICHI's voice-and-speech hierarchy. The ICHI code is wider as phonology encompasses sound system rules beyond pure articulation mechanics.
39228008 (Surgical pathology procedure)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available match, as surgical pathology is the examination of surgically removed tissue specimens by microscopy. However, it is an extension code under "Essential laboratory tests" and is broader as it encompasses all histopathological examination regardless of specimen origin.
64941009 (Surgical pneumoperitoneum)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)ICHI does not have a specific code for pneumoperitoneum (insufflation of gas into the peritoneal cavity). KMA.DB.AE is the closest procedural match since pneumoperitoneum is created by injecting gas (CO2) percutaneously, but the ICHI code is broader and non-specific as to substance injected.
428490009 (Surgical procedure on cervical spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MBA (Interventions on cervical vertebral column)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any surgical procedure on the cervical spine. ICHI block BlockL5-MBA is the appropriate grouping-level match and is broader, containing 24 specific child codes (biopsy, fusion, osteotomy, reduction, etc.); no single assignable ICHI category code covers the full breadth.
608849003 (Surgical procedure on eye proper using laser)maps to wider conceptBZZ.ZY.ZY (Other specified interventions on the visual system)ICHI has no dedicated laser procedure codes for the eye — laser is a means/instrument modifier and ICHI's eye codes model specific actions on specific structures without a laser-specific category. BZZ.ZY.ZY is the closest residual code but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both laser means and "eye proper" target.
371587008 (Surgical procedure on eye region)maps to wider conceptBZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the visual system, unspecified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any surgical procedure on the eye region, which aligns best with ICHI's top-level residual "Interventions on the visual system, unspecified"; ICHI is still broader as it is not restricted to surgical procedures and covers the full visual system including ocular muscles, lacrimal apparatus, and orbit.
231007008 (Surgical procedure on lumbar spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal cord)ICHI has codes for interventions on the spinal cord (block ABA) but none specific to the lumbar segment — the target axis does not differentiate lumbar from cervical or thoracic spinal cord at the category level. ABA.JI.AA is offered as a representative example; a laterality/segment extension (XA8PP5 for lumbar spinal cord) could be appended in practice.
1263451004 (Surgical procedure on lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MBM (Interventions on lumbar vertebral column)ICHI has a rich set of specific codes under block MBM (lumbar vertebral column) but no single assignable code represents "any surgical procedure on the lumbar spine" as a grouper; the block BlockL5-MBM is the best structural match, though non-assignable and broader as it includes imaging and non-surgical interventions.
1163360005 (Surgical procedure on skeletal system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)BlockL3-MAA is the top-level ICHI block for the musculoskeletal system, which encompasses the skeletal system but is broader because it also includes muscle and soft tissue interventions; no narrower ICHI block exists that covers only skeletal (bone) interventions across all body regions.
83554005 (Surgical procedure on soft tissue of hand)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)ICHI has no dedicated "soft tissue of hand" block; BlockL4-MGB is the closest container and covers all musculoskeletal structures of the hand including muscle, tendon, ligament, and fascia (the soft tissue components), but also bone and joint, making it broader.
1263438009 (Surgical procedure on thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MCB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of trunk)ICHI contains numerous specific MBG procedure codes for the thoracic spine but no single aggregating "surgical procedure on thoracic spine" code; the parent block BlockL4-MCB covers all trunk musculoskeletal structures including but not limited to the thoracic spine, making it broader.
385487005 (Surgical procedure on thorax)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAE (Interventions on thorax)BlockL5-PAE is the broadest ICHI grouping for interventions on the thorax as a topographical region. The ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node covering all thorax interventions, making it wider than the already-broad SNOMED concept.
35947009 (Surgical reduction of torsion of testis)maps to wider conceptNGD.LD.AA (Reduction of torsion of spermatic cord)Testicular torsion (twisting of the testis) occurs at the spermatic cord, and surgical correction is performed by untwisting the spermatic cord — so ICHI codes this as reduction of torsion of the spermatic cord. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it targets the spermatic cord rather than the testis specifically, but it is the standard representation of this procedure.
68381003 (Surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring elevation of mucoperiosteal flap and removal of bone and/or section of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)KAE.JK.AC captures the essential procedure — surgical removal of a tooth through an incision — corresponding to the technique described in the SNOMED concept (mucoperiosteal flap elevation). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify tooth type (erupted vs impacted), need for bone removal, or sectioning of the tooth.
1268674007 (Surgical removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)KMA.JD.AA precisely captures the target (peritoneal cavity) and the action (removal of an internal device), directly corresponding to removing a peritoneal dialysis catheter. It is wider because the ICHI code does not specify that the device is a dialysis catheter; the open (AA) approach matches the surgical qualifier.
363318002 (Surgical removal of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JK.AA (Total excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's "total excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC" captures the closest semantic equivalent of surgical removal of skin, but it also includes subcutaneous tissue and is body-site unspecified; more specific site-coded excision codes exist but would be narrower, so the NEC residual code is the best single cross-site match.
78891000 (Surgical repair and revision of window)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to surgical repair of the oval or round window (fenestrae) of the inner ear, which is more specific than ICHI's "Repair of inner ear"; no dedicated ICHI code exists for the oval or round window specifically, making the ICHI code broader.
302483003 (Surgical spinal manipulation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PA.AH (Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific manipulation codes per spinal region but the SNOMED concept does not specify a region; MBZ.PA.AH serves as the NEC residual covering unspecified vertebral manipulation, broader than the SNOMED term which specifically denotes a surgical (rather than chiropractic) approach — a distinction ICHI does not encode separately in the means axis.
62688006 (Surgical treatment of miscarriage of any trimester)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)ICHI has no code explicitly representing surgical management of miscarriage; D&C of the uterus is the most common surgical intervention for miscarriage across all trimesters, but the ICHI code is a generic procedural description that would also apply to D&C performed for other indications, making it broader.
18489003 (Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of first trimester)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)NME.JE.AC is the closest ICHI match for first-trimester missed miscarriage surgical management (D&C or surgical evacuation), but the ICHI code carries no indication-specific or trimester-specific meaning, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept.
5191001 (Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of second trimester)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)ICHI does not distinguish trimester-specific missed miscarriage management; D&C of the uterus is the standard surgical procedure used, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the retained-products-of-conception indication or the trimester.
69621003 (Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of third trimester)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)ICHI has no code specific to missed miscarriage or its trimester; NME.JE.AC represents the principal surgical technique used, but is broader because it covers any uterine curettage indication with no trimester or clinical-context qualifier.
386458004 (Surveillance: safety)maps to wider conceptVC1.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning safety-related behaviours, unspecified)VC1.VC.ZZ directly combines public health surveillance with a safety focus; however, the ICHI code is scoped specifically to safety-related behaviours (a public-health-behaviour framing), whereas the SNOMED concept may encompass broader clinical safety surveillance contexts such as patient safety monitoring.
359896003 (Suture of laceration of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.MK.AA (Repair of breast)LCA.MK.AA covers all open repair interventions on the breast, of which suture of a laceration is one specific technique; the ICHI code does not specify the cause (laceration) or method (suture), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
398194002 (Suture of laceration of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.MK.AA (Repair of bronchus)JBB.MK.AA encompasses all open repair procedures on the bronchus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies suture of a laceration as the particular technique and injury type; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
13123005 (Suture of laceration of chest wall)maps to wider conceptPAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)PAF.MK.AA covers open repair of the chest wall generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies both the pathology (laceration) and the technique (suture), making ICHI broader than the more granular SNOMED concept.
21832001 (Suture of laceration of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)ICHI "Repair of diaphragm" captures the correct target (diaphragm) and a repair action, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of diaphragm repair and is not restricted to suture of a traumatic laceration specifically.
417224006 (Suture of laceration of external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.MK.AA (Repair of external ear)The target (external ear / auricle) is well-matched, but the ICHI action "repair" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific procedure of suturing a laceration, and does not encode the wound-suture means.
708789002 (Suture of laceration of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers repair of the oral cavity as a whole (broader target than "mouth" alone) and the repair action is wider than suture of a laceration specifically; it is the closest available NEC code in the ICHI mouth/pharynx chapter.
715448005 (Assessment using South Tyneside Assessment of Syntactic Structures)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The South Tyneside Assessment of Syntactic Structures targets syntax comprehension and production within language functions; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this syntax-specific instrument.
897480001 (Assessment using Spence Children's Anxiety Scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale measures anxiety in children, a specific emotional function; AUD.AC.ZZ covers testing of emotional functions broadly, which is wider than this anxiety-specific paediatric tool.
715781007 (Assessment using St. Mark's incontinence score)maps to wider conceptKTK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of defaecation functions)The St. Mark's incontinence score quantifies severity of faecal incontinence (a defaecation function); KTK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of defaecation functions generally and is therefore wider than this single scoring instrument.
718388000 (Assessment using Standard Reading Tests)maps to wider conceptSCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading)Standard Reading Tests is a specific standardised battery assessing reading ability; SCF.AC.ZZ represents testing of reading as an activity, broader as it encompasses any test of reading rather than this named instrument.
770658002 (Assessment using Standardized Assessment of Concussion)maps to wider conceptATC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of awareness and alertness functions)The SAC evaluates orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and delayed recall after concussive injury; ATC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is wider, also covering memory and attention domains not captured by this single code.
719090000 (Assessment using Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale fifth edition)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Stanford-Binet 5th edition is a standardised psychometric test of intelligence (a higher-level cognitive function); AUH.AC.ZZ is wider as it covers any such test, not specifically the Stanford-Binet instrument.
719214003 (Assessment using Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale fourth edition)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Stanford-Binet 4th edition is a standardised intelligence test targeting higher-level cognitive functions; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific instrument version.
447244006 (Assessment using stereognostic test)maps to wider conceptAVD.AC.ZZ (Test of touch functions)Stereognosis is the ability to identify objects by touch alone, a tactile sensory function; AVD.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though wider as it covers all touch function testing rather than object-recognition by touch specifically.
715367008 (Assessment using Stocker Probe Technique)maps to wider conceptJUF.AC.ZZ (Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)The Stocker Probe Technique evaluates stuttering severity in children through structured elicited speech; JUF.AC.ZZ is the best ICHI match but wider, encompassing any test of speech fluency/rhythm rather than this specific probe methodology.
1367636003 (Assessment using STOP-Bang questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)The STOP-Bang is a validated screening questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea risk; ATK.AC.ZZ is wider because it covers any standardised test of sleep functions, not specifically OSA risk screening via questionnaire.
718643007 (Assessment using STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions))maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of medications, whereas STOPP is a specific validated screening tool targeting potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults; the ICHI code captures the action and target but lacks tool/age specificity.
715897008 (Assessment using Story Completion Test)maps to wider conceptAUH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions)The Story Completion Test is a projective narrative task probing higher-level cognitive and representational processes; ICHI has no code for a named projective test, and AUH.AA.ZZ is the closest functional category but broader.
450318004 (Assessment using strengths and difficulties questionnaire)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The SDQ is a multi-domain behavioural and emotional screening questionnaire spanning emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer, and prosocial domains; ATF.AA.ZZ captures global psychosocial functioning but is broader, not specifying the instrument or sub-domains.
705027007 (Assessment using stroke impact scale version 3.0)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The Stroke Impact Scale v3.0 is a multidimensional patient-reported outcome instrument; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the nearest available ICHI code but a residual NEC category considerably broader and not reflective of the multi-domain, patient-reported nature.
716160008 (Assessment using Stuttering Prediction Instrument for Young Children)maps to wider conceptJUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)The Stuttering Prediction Instrument evaluates fluency to predict stuttering chronicity; JUF.AA.ZZ sits in fluency-and-rhythm-of-speech-functions and is the closest ICHI code, but broader as it covers any assessment of fluency/rhythm.
715518005 (Assessment using Stuttering Severity Instrument for children and adults)maps to wider conceptJUF.AC.ZZ (Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)The SSI-4 targets stuttering, falling under fluency and rhythm of speech functions in ICHI; JUF.AC.ZZ captures the test action on the correct domain but is broader, covering all fluency/rhythm testing rather than stuttering specifically.
447177002 (Assessment using subgroups for targeted treatment back screening tool)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The STarT Back Screening Tool stratifies low back pain patients by risk subgroup; ICHI has no code for spine-specific or back pain screening, so the NEC musculoskeletal assessment code is the closest match, though substantially broader.
713063003 (Assessment using Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk-benefit ratio, Encouragement test)maps to wider conceptSCL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of decision making)The SURE test measures decisional conflict around treatment choices via self-assurance, information understanding, risk-benefit weighing, and social pressure; SCL.AA.ZZ captures decision making but is broader, not specific to decisional conflict.
716214002 (Assessment using Symbol Digit Modalities Test)maps to wider conceptAUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions)The SDMT primarily measures sustained attention and information processing speed via symbol substitution; AUA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but wider, as SDMT also recruits psychomotor speed and working memory.
720538007 (Assessment using Symbolic Play Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptSXD.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in playing)The Symbolic Play Test (2nd Ed.) assesses early language and cognitive development through structured observation of symbolic play; SXD.AC.ZZ maps to the play-activity domain but is wider, with no code specific to symbolic play as a developmental proxy.
1371330005 (Assessment using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 scale)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)SCORE2 is a structured cardiovascular risk scoring tool targeting atherosclerotic risk; HT2.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all cardiovascular function assessments rather than specifically coronary risk estimation using a standardised scale.
716217009 (Assessment using Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills Revised)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)The Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills assesses auditory information processing in children; CTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but broader, covering any test of hearing functions rather than auditory perceptual skills specifically.
716219007 (Assessment using Test of Auditory Processing Skills Third Edition)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)TAPS-3 is a standardised auditory processing battery; ICHI lacks a dedicated auditory processing code, so CTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions) is the closest available match but broader in scope.
716881005 (Assessment using Test of Auditory Reasoning and Processing Skills)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)TARPS evaluates auditory reasoning and processing; CTB.AC.ZZ captures the correct functional domain (hearing) but is broader, not distinguishing auditory reasoning/processing as a specific instrument.
716885001 (Assessment using Test of Language Competence)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Test of Language Competence assesses metalinguistic awareness and language competence; AUI.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any test of language mental functions rather than this specific standardised instrument.
719321001 (Assessment using Test of Language Development Fourth Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)AUI.AC.ZZ covers standardised testing of mental functions of language, which encompasses language development testing; ICHI does not distinguish named instruments or developmental focus, making it broader than the TOLD-4.
718625008 (Assessment using Test of Minimal Articulation Competence)maps to wider conceptJUD.AC.ZZ (Test of articulation functions)JUD.AC.ZZ represents standardised testing of articulation functions, aligning with the T-MAC's focus on phoneme production; ICHI is wider as it does not specify the named instrument or "minimal competence" framing.
719331008 (Assessment using Test of Pragmatic Language Skills Second Edition)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)Pragmatic language (social use, discourse, context) falls under mental functions of language in ICHI; no code for pragmatics or social communication exists, and AUI.AC.ZZ is wider, covering all language function testing.
716060006 (Assessment using Test of Pretend Play)maps to wider conceptSXD.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in playing)SXD.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering standardised testing of engagement in playing; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish pretend/symbolic play and does not reference the specific named instrument.
716815009 (Assessment using Test of Syntactic Abilities)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)Syntactic abilities (grammar, sentence structure) are a component of mental functions of language; no syntax-specific ICHI code exists, so AUI.AC.ZZ is the best match but wider, covering the full language function domain.
716826003 (Assessment using Test of Word Finding in Discourse)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Test of Word Finding in Discourse assesses word retrieval in connected speech, a sub-function of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this specific instrument.
716210006 (Assessment using Test of Word Knowledge)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Test of Word Knowledge assesses lexical/semantic knowledge, a specific aspect of language function; AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but broader, covering all language function testing rather than vocabulary knowledge specifically.
870182007 (Assessment using the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptKTC.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to swallowing)The BEDQ is a patient-reported questionnaire targeting oesophageal swallowing symptoms; KTC.AN.ZZ is the closest match in ICHI but is wider as it covers any interview modality about swallowing, not specifically a validated dysphagia questionnaire.
865969002 (Assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents)maps to wider conceptAT2.AC.ZZ (Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The MINI-KID is a structured diagnostic interview assessing global psychiatric/mental health across multiple diagnostic categories in children; AT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI category but broader, lacking child-specific or neuropsychiatric scope.
715915000 (Assessment using Therapy Outcome Measure)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The Therapy Outcome Measure rates impairment, activity, participation, and wellbeing across rehabilitation disciplines; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but wider, not capturing the rehabilitation outcome measurement intent specific to TOM.
450737006 (Assessment using thirty second chair stand test)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)The 30-second chair stand test quantifies lower-limb muscle strength via sit-to-stand repetitions; ICHI captures the correct functional domain (muscle power) but has no code specific to this named timed test, so the ICHI code is broader.
40181000234106 (Assessment using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of thyroid gland)TI-RADS is a structured scoring/reporting framework applied to thyroid ultrasound findings; ICHI covers the imaging intervention itself but is broader because it does not capture the standardised risk-stratification reporting component that defines the SNOMED concept.
443704002 (Assessment using Tinetti balance and gait scale)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The Tinetti POMA evaluates balance and gait, with primary clinical use in gait and fall-risk assessment; MVG.AC.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the balance sub-component or the specific named instrument, making it broader.
443573009 (Assessment using Tinetti falls efficacy scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)The Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale measures self-efficacy and fear of falling — a psychosocial construct; ATF.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category but substantially broader than this specific named instrument.
718626009 (Assessment using Token Test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Token Test is a standardised instrument assessing receptive language comprehension, primarily used to identify and quantify aphasia; AUI.AC.ZZ aligns directly with this domain but is broader, covering any language function test.
770541001 (Assessment using Trauma Screening Questionnaire)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The TSQ is a standardised instrument screening for post-traumatic emotional and arousal symptoms; ICHI has no specific PTSD/trauma screening code, so AUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions) is the closest match but broader.
719113001 (Assessment using TWF-3 (Test of Word Finding Third Edition))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The TWF-3 is a standardised assessment of word-retrieval ability, a specific mental function of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language as a whole and is broader than this word-finding-specific instrument.
763124006 (Assessment using TYM (Test Your Memory) test)maps to wider conceptAUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory)The TYM is a validated self-administered cognitive screening tool primarily assessing memory and orientation; AUB.AC.ZZ captures the central construct but is slightly broader as TYM also touches on other cognitive domains.
840548001 (Assessment using University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test)maps to wider conceptAVB.AC.ZZ (Test of smell functions)The UPSIT is a standardised forced-choice scratch-and-sniff olfactory identification test; AVB.AC.ZZ is the dedicated ICHI code for testing smell — a very close conceptual match, though ICHI does not name the specific instrument.
763006006 (Assessment using University of Texas Wound Classification System)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The UT Wound Classification System is a wound severity staging tool; ICHI has no wound classification or staging code, so LZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC) is the nearest available code but substantially broader.
709864005 (Assessment using Vanderbilt Assessment Scale)maps to wider conceptAUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of attention functions)The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale assesses ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, conduct) in children; AUA.AA.ZZ covers attention functions broadly, capturing the primary domain but not reflecting the scale's screening for conduct, anxiety, or academic performance.
715447000 (Assessment using Verbal Rating Scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)The VRS is a validated pain intensity measurement instrument using verbal descriptors (none, mild, moderate, severe); AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain broadly and is thus broader than this specific structured scale, but is the closest available ICHI category.
443703008 (Assessment using vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale)maps to wider conceptCTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of vestibular functions)The VADL scale measures the impact of vestibular dysfunction on daily activities via patient-reported questionnaire; CTE.AA.ZZ covers vestibular function assessment generally and is broader, not capturing the ADL/functional impact dimension.
716095009 (Assessment using Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Vineland-II is a standardised semi-structured interview assessing adaptive behaviour across communication, daily living skills, socialisation, and motor skills; ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest broad ICHI category but does not capture the full adaptive behaviour construct.
445719003 (Assessment using visual analog pain scale)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)ICHI captures the general act of assessing pain but does not encode the specific instrument used (visual analog scale). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any method of pain assessment.
717019008 (Assessment using Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme)maps to wider conceptJUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of voice functions)The Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme is a perceptual tool for systematically describing voice quality, which maps to assessing voice functions; ICHI is wider because it covers any method of voice function assessment without specifying the VPAS instrument.
450757005 (Assessment using voice handicap index)maps to wider conceptJUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of voice functions)The Voice Handicap Index is a patient-reported outcome measure quantifying the impact of voice disorders, which falls within assessment of voice functions in ICHI; ICHI is wider as it encompasses all methods of voice function assessment and does not distinguish patient-reported from clinician-administered tools.
718391000 (Assessment using Voice Impact Profile)maps to wider conceptJUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of voice functions)The Voice Impact Profile is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically assessing the impact of voice disorders, which falls squarely within assessment of voice functions. ICHI's code is broader as it covers all assessments of voice functions without specifying the particular instrument used.
445978007 (Assessment using volitional questionnaire version 4.1)maps to wider conceptATI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of energy and drive functions)The Volitional Questionnaire is an occupational therapy tool measuring a person's motivation, volition, and drive for purposeful activity; the closest ICHI concept is assessment of energy and drive functions, which captures motivation and drive. ICHI is broader as it does not specify the instrument or the occupational context of volition.
719215002 (Assessment using WAB (Western Aphasia Battery))maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)The Western Aphasia Battery is a standardised neurological test evaluating language functions in patients with aphasia, which maps to ICHI's assessment of mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all language function assessments without specifying the aphasia battery instrument.
718425001 (Assessment using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale measures positive mental well-being at a global/holistic level, which corresponds to assessment of global psychosocial functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all assessments of global psychosocial functioning rather than this specific well-being scale.
445302003 (Assessment using Waterlow Scale)maps to wider conceptLTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin)The Waterlow Scale is a clinical risk assessment tool for pressure ulcer/injury risk, which is fundamentally an assessment of the skin's protective integrity. ICHI's code is broader as it covers any assessment of protective skin functions rather than this specific pressure-injury risk scoring instrument.
719076003 (Assessment using Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test Second Edition)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)The Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test specifically assesses the ability to discriminate between phonemically similar speech sounds, which is a targeted subset of hearing functions. CTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of hearing functions broadly, making it wider than this specific auditory discrimination instrument.
716208009 (Assessment using Western Aphasia Battery Revised)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised is a standardised tool for diagnosing and quantifying aphasia across multiple language domains (fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming), which is precisely a test of mental functions of language. ICHI does not encode the specific instrument, making the code wider than this named test.
446760004 (Assessment using Westmead Home Safety Assessment)maps to wider conceptVCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours)The Westmead Home Safety Assessment is a structured occupational therapy tool evaluating hazards in the home environment for fall prevention, which aligns well with ICHI's "assessment of home safety behaviours." The ICHI code does not capture the specific instrument or the fall-prevention framing, making it wider.
716093002 (Assessment using Westmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia scale)maps to wider conceptAUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of memory)The Westmead PTA scale measures the duration and severity of post-traumatic amnesia following acquired brain injury, making "assessment of memory" the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the post-traumatic context, the named instrument, or the serial nature of PTA monitoring.
1230349005 (Assessment using WHO performance status scale)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The WHO performance status scale measures a patient's level of functioning and ability to perform daily activities, typically in an oncology context — this maps most closely to a general health assessment of the whole person. PZB.AA.ZZ is wider because it does not capture the functional/activity-limitation focus or the oncological context of the WHO performance status instrument.
716876001 (Assessment using Wiig CRIL (Criterion Referenced Inventory of Language))maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The Wiig CRIL is a specific standardised criterion-referenced inventory assessing language skills, and AUI.AC.ZZ directly encodes a test of mental functions of language, which semantically covers this intervention precisely at the level ICHI encodes. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish individual named test instruments, so the code applies to any language function test.
716205007 (Assessment using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test)maps to wider conceptAUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions)The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a well-established neuropsychological instrument for assessing executive function, cognitive flexibility, and abstract reasoning — all of which fall under higher-level cognitive functions in the ICF/ICHI framework. AUH.AC.ZZ maps correctly at the action and target level; ICHI is wider because it covers any test in this domain rather than the specific WCST instrument.
716767003 (Assessment using WOLD (Wechsler Objective Language Dimensions) test)maps to wider conceptAUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language)The WOLD is a standardised psychometric battery assessing language dimensions including listening comprehension and oral expression, squarely within the domain of mental functions of language. AUI.AC.ZZ captures the correct action (test) and target (mental functions of language); ICHI does not distinguish named instruments, making it wider than the specific WOLD test.
446174004 (Assessment using work ability index)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The Work Ability Index is a specific standardised self-report instrument for assessing a person's capacity to perform their job; SU2.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of work and employment engagement without specifying a particular instrument or method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
445981002 (Assessment using work environment impact scale version 2.0)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The Work Environment Impact Scale assesses how work environment factors affect occupational performance; SU2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader, covering all work and employment assessments rather than specifically the environmental impact dimension or this named instrument.
445980001 (Assessment using Worker Role Interview Version 10.0)maps to wider conceptSU2.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)The Worker Role Interview is a semi-structured interview tool evaluating psychosocial and environmental factors affecting return to work; SU2.AN.ZZ specifically captures the interview modality applied to work and employment, making it a closer fit than the generic assessment code, though it remains broader as it covers any such interview rather than this specific instrument.
715444007 (Assessment using Yale Swallow Protocol)maps to wider conceptKTC.AC.ZZ (Test of swallowing)The Yale Swallow Protocol is a specific standardised three-ounce water swallow screening test used at the bedside; KTC.AC.ZZ captures any test of swallowing function and is therefore broader, but it is the closest assignable ICHI category under the dedicated swallowing interventions block.
718737000 (Assessment using Zung self rating depression scale)maps to wider conceptAUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a standardised self-report instrument specifically targeting depressive symptoms, which falls within the emotional functions domain in ICHI. AUD.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable code, but it is broader — it covers all emotional function testing, not specifically depression or the Zung instrument.
1186746005 (Assist control ventilation pressure control inflation-type)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's JTB.DE.AC covers artificial/mechanical ventilation in general; it does not distinguish between pressure-controlled and volume-controlled modes or between assist-control and other ventilator strategies, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
1186745009 (Assist control ventilation volume-control inflation-type)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the single ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation and does not differentiate by inflation type or control mode, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
1544381000168104 (Assistance with general house cleaning)maps to wider conceptSOD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with doing housework)SOD.RB.ZZ covers practical support for doing housework in general, which is broader than cleaning specifically; ICHI has no dedicated code for cleaning alone, and "doing housework" encompasses cleaning as well as other household tasks, making the ICHI code slightly wider than the SNOMED concept.
12051000202101 (Assistance with handling mail)maps to wider conceptSO2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for mail handling; the closest match is the residual household tasks category SO2.RB.ZZ, which is considerably broader, covering any household task not captured by more specific codes such as meal preparation or housework.
1544351000168106 (Assistance with home garden maintenance)maps to wider conceptSO2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no specific code for garden or outdoor maintenance; the residual household tasks category SO2.RB.ZZ is the best available fit, though it is substantially broader than the garden-specific SNOMED concept.
14681000202108 (Assistance with participation in religious service)maps to wider conceptSXH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in religion and spirituality broadly, which is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on participation in a religious service; no more granular ICHI code for attending or participating in religious services exists.
1343661006 (Assistance with search for housing)maps to wider conceptUEE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with housing services, systems and policies)UEE.RB.ZZ covers practical support in the domain of housing services broadly, which encompasses helping someone search for housing, but is not limited to that specific activity. No more precise ICHI code exists for the act of searching for accommodation specifically.
8571000202104 (Assistance with shopping)maps to wider conceptSND.RB.ZZ (Practical support with acquisition of goods and services)SND.RB.ZZ captures practical support with acquiring goods and services, which is the closest ICHI concept to shopping assistance; it is broader because it covers all goods and services acquisition rather than the retail shopping activity specifically.
1544121000168100 (Assistance with washing and ironing)maps to wider conceptSOD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with doing housework)SOD.RB.ZZ is the best available fit as washing and ironing are core housework activities; the ICHI code is broader because "doing housework" encompasses all domestic chores, not just laundry tasks.
1230190004 (Assisting toileting activities using a commode chair)maps to wider conceptSMD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with toileting)SMD.RB.ZZ captures practical support with toileting as an activity, which covers the assistive nature of this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI is broader because it does not specify the equipment modality (commode chair) used to deliver that support.
1230237006 (Assisting with collection of blood specimen for laboratory)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA represents the act of collecting a blood specimen, which aligns with the core clinical content of this SNOMED concept. ICHI is broader because it does not encode the assistive/supporting-role framing of the SNOMED term (i.e., that one person is assisting another with the collection rather than performing it independently).
225963009 (Assisting with mouthcare)maps to wider conceptSMC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with caring for body parts)SMC.RB.ZZ is the best available match as it represents practical support with caring for body parts, which encompasses oral/mouth care as one instance. ICHI is broader because it covers all body parts, not just the mouth, and does not specifically designate oral or dental hygiene assistance.
704444008 (Assisting with personal grooming)maps to wider conceptSMC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with caring for body parts)"Caring for body parts" in ICHI (SMC) covers washing, grooming, and general body care, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies grooming specifically. No dedicated "grooming" code exists in ICHI; SMC.RB.ZZ is the closest practical support code within the self-care axis.
445326001 (Assisting with undressing)maps to wider conceptSME.RB.ZZ (Practical support with dressing)ICHI's SME target covers the dressing activity as a whole (including dressing and undressing), so SME.RB.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept which isolates only the undressing component. It is nonetheless the best available ICHI code for practical assistance with this self-care activity.
370875004 (Assistive device education)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about assistive products and daily living technology, which aligns well with assistive device education; however, it is broader as it encompasses all personal daily-living products and technology, not just assistive devices specifically.
370874000 (Assistive device provision assessment)maps to wider conceptUAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.AA.ZZ represents assessment in the context of products and technology for daily living — the closest ICHI equivalent to evaluating a patient's need for an assistive device — but is broader as it covers all personal-use products and technology rather than assistive devices alone.
716542004 (Asthma action care planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)No asthma-specific or condition-specific care planning code exists in ICHI; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) under the "whole person" block is the best structural match for the activity of creating a personalised asthma action plan, but it is much broader, covering any individualised health planning regardless of condition.
401135008 (Asthma education)maps to wider conceptJT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)Asthma education is a specific disease-education intervention for an airway condition, while JT2.PM.ZZ covers education about respiratory system functions broadly; the ICHI code captures the intervention type and body system correctly but is not limited to asthma. No disease-specific asthma education code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match.
306988000 (Attach dental implant superstructure)maps to wider conceptKAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implant as a whole (typically including placement of the implant fixture), whereas "Attach dental implant superstructure" refers specifically to the abutment/crown placement step on an already-integrated implant — a more limited procedure; no ICHI code exists for just the superstructure attachment step, making this the best available approximation.
426733001 (Attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)A bone-anchored hearing prosthesis is surgically fixed into the temporal skull bone, making implantation of device into skull (MAA.DN.AA) the closest procedural match. ICHI does list "Bone anchored hearing system" as an extension/device qualifier code with no standalone TTT.AA.MM procedure code, so MAA.DN.AA is broader, lacking specificity to the hearing function context.
16877002 (Attachment of pedicle graft to lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)A pedicle graft to the lip is a reconstructive technique, and KAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip) is the only lip-level reconstructive code available in ICHI; it is broader because it does not specify the use of a pedicle (rotational flap) graft as the technique.
235449004 (Attention to colonic tube)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)"Attention to colonic tube" refers to ongoing care and maintenance of a tube placed in or through the colon (typically a colostomy or flatus tube), which maps most closely to management of a stoma. PTD.SN.AC is wider because it covers any type of stoma management, not limited to colonic tubes specifically, and ICHI has no dedicated "colonic tube management" code.
302435001 (Attention to dressing of burnt skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin in general and is the closest available code for wound dressing care; it does not specify the burn aetiology or the body region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to burnt skin.
738067008 (Attention to dressing of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)There is no dedicated ICHI code for dressing the skin of the head; the LAA block (interventions on skin of head or neck) has no DK action code, so LZZ.DK.AH (dressing of skin, NEC) is the best available match, but it is broader as it covers any body region.
745798003 (Attention to dressing of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)As with dressing of skin of head, ICHI lacks a neck-specific dressing code; LZZ.DK.AH is the only applicable dressing-of-skin category but it does not restrict to the neck region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
235451000 (Attention to enteral tube)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)"Attention to enteral tube" encompasses care of any tube used for enteral feeding or drainage (nasogastric, nasoduodenal, PEG, jejunostomy, etc.), whereas PTB.SN.AC specifically covers enterostomy management; however, it is the best available ICHI code for ongoing tube care involving the gut, and is wider because it is limited to enterostomy stomas and does not cover non-stoma enteral tubes such as nasogastric tubes.
1156692008 (Attention to feeding tube)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)"Attention to feeding tube" refers to care/monitoring of a feeding tube, which is most commonly a nasogastric, gastric, or enterostomy tube; ICHI does not have a generic "feeding tube" management code, so PTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy) is the closest structural match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all enterostomy management rather than specifically a feeding tube.
235445005 (Attention to naso-esophageal tube)maps to wider conceptKBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus)"Attention to naso-esophageal tube" involves post-placement care of a tube residing in the oesophagus, which aligns well with management of an internal oesophageal device. ICHI does not distinguish nasal route of insertion, and "management" is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's specific tube-care activities.
265557005 (Attention to nephrostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAA.SN.AD (Management of internal device of kidney)NAA.SN.AD covers management of any internal device of the kidney, which closely aligns with post-placement care of a nephrostomy tube; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it encompasses all renal internal devices rather than the nephrostomy tube specifically.
67533008 (Auditory rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-CTB (Interventions on hearing functions)ICHI has no single assignable code specifically for auditory rehabilitation as a composite intervention; the block BlockL5-CTB groups all hearing function interventions (assessment, audiometry, testing, education, advising) and is the best structural home, though it is broader than the specific rehabilitative intent of the SNOMED concept.
13846009 (Augmentation of buttock)maps to wider conceptLAB.LK.AA (Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no dedicated buttock augmentation code; LAB.LK.AA covers augmentation of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which anatomically includes the gluteal/buttock region, but is broader than buttock-specific augmentation (e.g., implants or fat grafting to the buttock). This is the closest available assignable category within the integumentary system.
37931006 (Auscultation)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for auscultation as a technique; "Auscultation" in SNOMED is a general clinical examination method applied to unspecified body sites, and the closest ICHI representation is PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC), which is broader in that it covers all physical examination modalities and not just auscultation specifically.
1366492000 (Auto-continuous positive airway pressure)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI does not have a specific code for CPAP or auto-CPAP; the closest assignable category is JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation), which covers the broader class of non-invasive ventilatory support. Bilevel positive airway pressure appears only as an extension/means modifier in ICHI, not as a standalone assignable code, and CPAP is not listed at all, making JTB.DE.AC the best — though broader — fit.
116371009 (Autograft of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI has site-specific bone graft codes (e.g. femur, tibia, spine) but no code that specifies autograft versus allograft at an unspecified site; MRB.ML.AA (bone graft, unspecified site) is the best fit when the exact skeletal site is unknown, though it is broader in that it does not specify the autologous nature of the graft.
438770005 (Autologous chondrocyte implantation of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMMC.KD.AA (Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint)MMC.KD.AA covers transplantation of chondrocyte cells at the knee joint, which matches the anatomical site and cell type precisely, but does not specify the autologous origin of the cells. Since ICHI does not encode autologous vs. allogeneic at the base code level, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
15410007 (Autologous graft of rib cartilage to chin)maps to wider conceptMAG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mandible)The chin (mentum) is the anterior prominence of the mandible, and reconstruction of the mandible is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI does not specify the graft material (costal/rib cartilage), the autologous nature, or that the target is specifically the chin rather than the mandible as a whole, making the ICHI code broader.
9844000 (Autologous graft of rib cartilage to ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the auricle (external ear), which is the typical target in rib cartilage ear grafting (e.g., for microtia repair); however, ICHI does not specify the autologous rib cartilage graft material, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
34017004 (Autologous graft of rib cartilage to nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nose in general, which aligns well with the procedure goal (nasal augmentation or reconstruction using autologous rib cartilage, e.g., rhinoplasty); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the graft material or its autologous origin.
121101003 (Automated cell count method)maps to wider conceptXG2XJ6 (Complete blood count automated)XG2XJ6 specifically represents an automated CBC (a blood cell count method), making it the closest ICHI match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it denotes a complete blood count panel rather than a generic "automated cell count method" that could apply to any cell type or specimen.
428648006 (Automated peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE is the only ICHI code for peritoneal dialysis and does not distinguish between manual and automated (cycler-driven) delivery modes, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the automated modality.
9427006 (Autopsy review)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)ICHI has no specific code for reviewing or interpreting autopsy findings as a standalone activity distinct from performing the autopsy; PZA.AE.AA (Autopsy) is the closest available code but is broader, as it encompasses the full post-mortem examination rather than the review/interpretation step alone.
60864000 (Autopsy review for conference)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)ICHI has no code capturing the specific activity of presenting or reviewing autopsy findings in a conference setting; PZA.AE.AA is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering the autopsy procedure itself rather than the conference-context review activity.
62511003 (Autotransplant of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.KD.AA (Lung transplantation)JBF.KD.AA covers lung transplantation in general without distinguishing donor source, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autotransplantation (reimplantation of the patient's own lung tissue). No ICHI code specific to autologous lung transplantation exists.
180000003 (Autotransplantation of adrenal medulla to caudate nucleus of brain)maps to wider conceptEBC.KD.AA (Transplant of adrenal tissue)EBC.KD.AA is the closest available code, covering transplantation of adrenal tissue generally, but it does not capture the highly specific detail of the source being the adrenal medulla, the autologous nature of the graft, or the target site being the caudate nucleus of the brain. ICHI has no code at that level of specificity.
405768001 (Autotransplantation of heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.KD.AA (Heart transplantation)HZZ.KD.AA covers heart transplantation generally without distinguishing autotransplantation from allotransplantation; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes reimplantation of the patient's own heart (as performed in some tumour or trauma cases). No ICHI code specific to autologous heart transplantation exists.
175899003 (Autotransplantation of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.KD.AA (Kidney transplantation)NAA.KD.AA covers kidney transplantation in general without specifying donor source, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which denotes reimplantation of the patient's own kidney (e.g., for vascular repair or ureteric problems). No ICHI code specific to autologous kidney transplantation exists.
173279000 (Autotransplantation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.KD.AC (Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud)KAE.KD.AC covers transplantation of a tooth or tooth bud generally and also includes tooth bud transplantation, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autologous tooth transplantation (moving one of the patient's own teeth to another socket).
176766002 (Avulsion of lesion of cervix uteri)maps to wider conceptNMF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of cervix)Avulsion (tearing away) of a cervical lesion is a form of local excision, and NMF.JI.AC is the closest ICHI code covering local removal of a lesion of the cervix uteri via the transvaginal approach. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it encompasses any technique of local excision, not specifically avulsion.
23823008 (Avulsion of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ICHI does not have a dedicated "avulsion of nerve" code; avulsion is a mode of complete removal and maps best to excision of peripheral nerve. The ICHI code is wider because it specifies peripheral nerve specifically and does not encode the avulsion technique, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any nerve without specifying peripheral.
8750008 (Avulsion of pudendal nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve, so avulsion of it maps to excision of peripheral nerve, which is the most specific available ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the pudendal nerve and does not capture the avulsion technique; there is no specific ICHI code for the pudendal nerve target.
26742007 (Avulsion of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Avulsion of subcutaneous tissue represents a forcible partial removal of soft tissue without a site-specific ICHI equivalent; LZZ.JJ.AA is the closest match as it covers non-site-specific partial removal of subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any technique of partial excision and is not specific to avulsion.
56870004 (Avulsion of supraorbital nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cranial nerve)The supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve, which is a cranial nerve, so the target maps to the cranial nerve category. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to avulsion or to the supraorbital branch — AAN.JJ.AA is the closest structural match but is broader in target and uses a different action term.
304341005 (Awake intubation)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedure (insertion of an endotracheal tube), but ICHI does not encode the "awake" modifier (i.e., without general anaesthesia), which is the clinically distinguishing feature of this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
301796003 (Axillary lymph node procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFC (Interventions on lymph node of axilla)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure on axillary lymph nodes without specifying which type; the ICHI block "Interventions on lymph node of axilla" is the appropriate non-specific equivalent, as no single assignable category code covers the full breadth of this grouper concept.
406812008 (Azure B stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI has no code for specific histological staining techniques such as Azure B. XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available code, representing the broader laboratory discipline in which Azure B staining is employed as a metachromatic technique; it is substantially wider than the specific stain method.
406813003 (Azure C stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)As with Azure B, ICHI does not encode individual staining methods; Azure C is a metachromatic dye used in histopathological examination, so XG30Q5 is the best available grouping code, though far broader than the specific stain method.
229138000 (Back exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no back-specific exercise code; the closest match is exercise for muscle functions (NEC) under the musculoskeletal chapter, which covers the functional intent of back exercises but is broader in scope, applying to any muscle group rather than specifically the back/spinal muscles.
76208001 (Bacterial strain typing)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)Strain typing is a more granular procedure than genus/species identification — it characterises isolates below the species level (e.g., by PFGE, MLST, or phage typing), whereas XG6201 covers only species-level identification. XG6201 is the closest ICHI code in the Essential laboratory tests section but is broader than the SNOMED concept.
121102005 (Bacterial subtyping)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)Bacterial subtyping refers to characterising isolates at the intra-species level (e.g., serotyping, genotyping), which is more specific than genus/species identification captured by XG6201; ICHI has no dedicated subtyping code, making XG6201 the nearest available code but broader than the concept.
108265003 (Bacterial typing procedure)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)"Bacterial typing procedure" is a superordinate concept encompassing genus/species identification, strain typing, and subtyping; XG6201 covers one subset of typing (genus/species level) and is the best available ICHI match, though broader than the full scope of the SNOMED category.
235213002 (Balloon tamponade of esophagus using Minnesota tube)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)ICHI has no specific code for balloon tamponade or the Minnesota tube technique; KBA.DL.AC captures the procedural action — inserting a device into the oesophagus — but is broader, as it does not encode the balloon inflation, tamponade purpose, or the specific tube type used.
233491000 (Banding of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no dedicated code for banding (partial occlusion/constriction) of an AV fistula specifically; the closest available code covers management of an arteriovenous shunt percutaneously, which is broader in scope than the specific banding (surgical narrowing) of a fistula performed to reduce high-flow steal or cardiac overload.
300040009 (Banding of redundant anal mucosa)maps to wider conceptKBX.LA.AC (Ligation of anal tissue)Rubber band ligation (banding) of redundant anal mucosa (a technique used for haemorrhoids and mucosal prolapse) is a form of ligation of anal tissue via the anus; the ICHI code covers all ligation of anal tissue endoscopically/transanally, making it broader than the specific banding technique applied to redundant mucosa.
446740007 (Banding of varix of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AA (Occlusion of gastric varices)Endoscopic band ligation of gastric varices is a specific technique for achieving occlusion of gastric varices; KBF.LA.AA covers occlusion of gastric varices by any method (banding, sclerotherapy, cyanoacrylate glue, etc.), making it wider than the banding-specific SNOMED concept.
63671006 (Bankart capsulorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of shoulder joint)The Bankart procedure is a specific arthroscopic repair of the anteroinferior glenohumeral joint capsule and labrum to correct recurrent shoulder dislocation, whereas MDJ.MK.AB covers any arthroscopic repair of the shoulder joint. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all shoulder joint repairs regardless of the specific structure (capsule/labrum) or indication.
225428008 (Bathing procedures)maps to wider conceptSMB.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of washing oneself)SMB.RA.ZZ represents a clinician or carer performing the washing/bathing activity (an activities and participation domain intervention in self-care), which is the closest match to the nursing concept of bathing procedures. The ICHI code is broader as it covers washing oneself generally and does not distinguish between different bathing methods or contexts captured under the SNOMED term.
165309004 (Behavior assessment)maps to wider conceptVFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours)ICHI's VFZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health-related behaviours in a residual "other specified" category, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses any health-related behaviour rather than a general, clinically-oriented behaviour assessment. No more specific ICHI code exists for a generic behaviour assessment not tied to a particular behaviour domain (substance use, violence, lifestyle, etc.).
396068002 (Behavior care assessment)maps to wider conceptVFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours)Like its sibling SNOMED concept 165309004, this maps to VFZ.AA.ZZ as the closest available ICHI category for a general behavioural care assessment; the ICHI code is broader because it resides in the public-health/health-behaviour chapter rather than capturing a clinically-focused nursing or care assessment of patient behaviour.
225385005 (Behavioral assessment)maps to wider conceptBlockL2-VA1 (Interventions on health-related behaviours)ICHI has no single generic "behavioural assessment" code spanning all behaviour domains. The closest structural home is the block covering all health-related behaviour interventions; specific assessment codes exist only per behaviour subtype (e.g., oral hygiene, substance use), making any single category code narrower than the broad SNOMED concept.
1269443006 (Belantamab mafodotin therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Belantamab mafodotin is an antibody-drug conjugate given intravenously for multiple myeloma; ICHI lacks a specific oncology pharmacotherapy intravenous code, so the whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code (PZA.DB.AZ) is the best available match, though it is considerably broader than the drug-specific SNOMED concept.
726601008 (Belimumab therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody (anti-BLyS) administered intravenously to modulate immunological function in systemic lupus erythematosus; DTB.DB.AF targets the immunological system function with intravenous administration of an immunological agent, which aligns well in mechanism and route, though it does not specify the drug or the indication.
275232002 (Benchekroun construction of continent urinary reservoir)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)The Benchekroun procedure is a specific surgical technique for constructing a continent cutaneous urinary reservoir (a type of continent urinary diversion), but ICHI only has the generic "Urinary diversion" code without distinguishing continent from incontinent or named techniques. The ICHI code therefore covers a broader set of procedures than this specific SNOMED concept.
406814009 (Benzo fast scarlet stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Benzo fast scarlet is a specific histochemical staining technique applied in histopathological tissue examination; ICHI only provides the broad extension code "Histopathology" with no granularity for individual staining methods, making it substantially wider than this specific SNOMED staining procedure.
770571009 (Benzodiazepine therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Benzodiazepine therapy is the therapeutic use of a specific drug class, whereas ICHI's closest code covers administration of any pharmacotherapy by any unspecified route, making it substantially broader in both drug class and route dimensions.
171007003 (Bereavement counseling)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Bereavement counseling is a specific form of counselling targeting grief-related emotional distress, while AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions broadly. ICHI has no dedicated bereavement or grief code, making this the closest available match.
395076009 (Bereavement support)maps to wider conceptAUD.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for emotional functions)Bereavement support is a specific supportive intervention for those experiencing grief/loss, whereas AUD.RC.ZZ encompasses emotional support for any emotional function. No bereavement-specific code exists in ICHI; AUD.RC.ZZ best reflects the supportive (rather than therapeutic/counselling) nature of this intervention.
385732005 (Bereavement support assessment)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Bereavement support assessment is the evaluation of a patient's grief-related needs, which maps to ICHI's assessment of emotional functions (AUD.AA.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader as it covers assessment of emotional functions in any context, not just bereavement.
439630003 (Beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not have a code specific to beta-blocker therapy or any drug class-level pharmacotherapy. PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy at any unspecified site, which is the closest ICHI concept — though it is substantially broader, covering prescription of any pharmacotherapy rather than beta-adrenergic blockade specifically.
1343420003 (Beta radiation brachytherapy using surface mold applicator)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue by radiotherapy, not elsewhere classified)Beta radiation brachytherapy via a surface mold applicator is a form of radiotherapy applied to skin/superficial tissue; LZZ.GA.BA is the closest available ICHI code covering radiotherapy destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is broader, as it does not specify the brachytherapy technique, radiation type (beta), or surface mold delivery method.
1231600004 (Biceps squeeze test)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)The biceps squeeze test is a specific orthopaedic provocation test of the biceps tendon/distal biceps integrity; PZX.AE.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering physical examination of a body site not classified elsewhere. The ICHI code is broader, capturing the examination action without the specific squeeze-test technique or biceps anatomy.
1231551002 (Bicipital aponeurosis flex test)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)The bicipital aponeurosis flex test is a specific clinical provocation test of the elbow/biceps region, but ICHI has no dedicated code for named orthopedic special tests. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the broadest applicable residual code and encompasses this type of clinical examination, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1907003 (Bifurcation of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.FB.AA (Division of bone of unspecified site)Bifurcation of bone is a specific surgical act of splitting a bone into two branches/parts, which is a form of bone division; MRB.FB.AA covers division of bone at an unspecified site and is therefore broader, as it does not specify the bifurcation technique or imply splitting into two distinct segments.
1351777002 (Bilateral ab externo canaloplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Canaloplasty (ab externo approach) is a non-penetrating glaucoma surgery that dilates Schlemm's canal to restore aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the functional intent of facilitating aqueous circulation in the anterior chamber, but is broader as it does not encode the specific technique, canal target, or bilateral laterality (which would require an extension code).
1351646006 (Bilateral ab interno canaloplasty)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab interno canaloplasty uses a different (internal) approach to dilate Schlemm's canal compared to ab externo, but both share the same functional goal of improving aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA is the same best-fit ICHI code for both, as ICHI does not distinguish between ab externo and ab interno approaches, and the bilateral laterality would require an extension code.
1304262002 (Bilateral prosthetic intraocular lens implants)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens (i.e., an intraocular lens implant), which is semantically equivalent to the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode bilaterality — the "bilateral" aspect would require extension codes (&XCA3/&XCA4) rather than being inherent in the base code.
235544007 (Bile duct calculus procedure)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bile duct)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category for any bile duct calculus procedure (including lithotripsy, extraction by various approaches), while KCM.JE.AA specifically represents open extraction of calculus from the bile duct. The ICHI block BlockL6-KCM "Extraction interventions on bile duct" would be even broader and closer to the SNOMED grouper, but KCM.JE.AA is the best assignable code; mapped as wider because the SNOMED term is a procedural category encompassing multiple approaches beyond just open extraction.
235554006 (Bile duct prosthesis procedure)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of a biliary tract device (which includes stents/prostheses), representing the most common and core procedure within the SNOMED grouper concept "bile duct prosthesis procedure." The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any biliary device insertion, but it does not cover prosthesis removal or replacement; KCM.KA.AD (replacement of device in biliary duct) also exists, confirming that the SNOMED grouper spans multiple ICHI codes.
1186618000 (Bilevel artificial ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for artificial ventilation and covers all forms of mechanical/assisted ventilation; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically designates bilevel (BiPAP-type) ventilation with distinct inspiratory and expiratory pressure support, a modality distinction that ICHI does not encode at this level.
447243000 (Bilevel positive airway pressure titration)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)BiPAP titration is the process of adjusting and optimising BiPAP pressure settings, which falls under artificial ventilation in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of artificial ventilation and does not capture the titration/calibration-specific nature of the SNOMED concept. "Bilevel positive airway pressure" exists in ICHI only as an extension means descriptor (no standalone assignable code), so the base intervention JTB.DE.AC is the best available assignable code.
113145005 (Biofeedback training in conduction disorder, arrhythmia)maps to wider conceptHT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a biofeedback-specific code; the closest match is training of cardiovascular system functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on using biofeedback for cardiac conduction disorder/arrhythmia management and does not encode the biofeedback modality or ECG instrument.
9487008 (Biofeedback, gastric secretion pH)maps to wider conceptKT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Gastric secretion pH biofeedback is a training intervention targeting a specific digestive function; ICHI's KT2.PH.ZZ captures the training of digestive system functions broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept focused on gastric acid pH.
63630000 (Biofeedback, intestinal borborygmi)maps to wider conceptKT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Intestinal borborygmi biofeedback targets awareness and regulation of bowel peristaltic sounds, which is a digestive system function; KT2.PH.ZZ covers training of digestive functions broadly but does not specify borborygmi or intestinal motility, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
72596008 (Biofeedback, pulse wave velocity)maps to wider conceptHT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)Pulse wave velocity biofeedback is a training procedure targeting arterial stiffness/blood vessel mechanics (a cardiovascular function); no dedicated vessel-function training code exists in ICHI, so the broader cardiovascular functions training code HT2.PH.ZZ is the best available match.
89833002 (Biofeedback, respiratory air volume)maps to wider conceptJTB.PH.ZZ (Training of respiration function)ICHI has no biofeedback-specific code; the closest match is training of respiration function, which captures the therapeutic goal of respiratory biofeedback (teaching voluntary control of breathing) but does not encode the biofeedback modality or the specific metric of air volume.
17120007 (Biofeedback, strain gauge)maps to wider conceptMU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Strain gauge biofeedback measures mechanical deformation (typically muscle tension, limb movement, or penile/vaginal pressure) and feeds that signal back to the patient to train voluntary muscle control; ICHI has no biofeedback code but Training of muscle functions is the nearest functional equivalent, though it is broader and does not encode the strain gauge instrument or the specific biofeedback technique.
58169006 (Biofeedback, thermal)maps to wider conceptAVE.PH.ZZ (Training of sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli)Thermal biofeedback uses skin temperature signals to train autonomic/vascular responses (e.g., hand-warming for migraine or Raynaud's); ICHI has no biofeedback code, and Training of sensory functions related to temperature is the closest functional match, though it is broader and does not capture the biofeedback mechanism or autonomic retraining goal specifically.
85770007 (Biofeedback, three channel rectal balloon)maps to wider conceptMU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Three-channel rectal balloon biofeedback is a therapeutic technique using anorectal pressure sensors to train pelvic floor and sphincter muscle control (e.g., for fecal incontinence or dyssynergia); MU2.PH.ZZ best reflects the therapeutic training goal of this intervention, albeit broadly.
274315006 (Biopsy by superficial smear)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)A superficial smear biopsy involves collecting surface cells/tissue by scraping or smearing from a lesion (e.g., Tzanck smear, skin scraping); PZX.AH.XH covers non-site-specific tissue specimen collection and is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not encode the superficial/smear technique specifically.
9599004 (Biopsy of cervix with fulguration)maps to wider conceptNMF.AD.AC (Cervical biopsy)NMF.AD.AC covers cervical biopsy in general but does not encode the concurrent fulguration (electrocoagulation/destruction) component that is part of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only the biopsy aspect without the combined destructive procedure.
430203005 (Biopsy of eye region)maps to wider conceptBZA.AD.AA (Biopsy of eyeball, not elsewhere classified)SNOMED "eye region" is anatomically broad (eyeball, eyelid, orbit, lacrimal apparatus, surrounding structures), whereas ICHI has separate specific biopsy codes for each sub-structure. BZA.AD.AA is the closest residual/NEC code for the eyeball but does not cover the full anatomical breadth of "eye region."
119290003 (Biopsy of gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptKZZ.AD.AA (Intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers any GI tract biopsy (oesophagus through rectum), while ICHI has many specific per-segment codes. KZZ.AD.AA is the closest NEC residual under the digestive system block but only covers intestinal targets, not the full GI tract including oesophagus and stomach.
450606001 (Biopsy of lesion of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.AD.AA (Biopsy of spinal cord)ABA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the spinal cord generally, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a biopsy of a lesion of the spinal cord, which is a narrower intent (targeting a pathological lesion rather than normal tissue). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
429893007 (Biopsy of ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.AD.AA (Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated biopsy code for ligament; ligament-specific blocks contain no biopsy action codes. Ligament is a connective soft tissue, so MRS.AD.AA is the closest available code, but it is broader as it encompasses all soft tissues at any site.
709583005 (Biopsy of limb)maps to wider conceptMRS.AD.AA (Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no single code for biopsy of a limb as a whole; the closest general code is biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader because it does not specify the limb as the target and could apply to any site or tissue type within the limb.
237388000 (Biopsy of mastectomy scar)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for biopsy of a mastectomy scar; the scar is a skin/subcutaneous tissue structure, and the NEC integumentary biopsy code is the closest available category. The ICHI code is broader and implies a percutaneous approach rather than the unspecified approach of the SNOMED concept.
171612001 (Biopsy of nerve)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AD.AA (Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept "Biopsy of nerve" is unspecified as to nerve type; AZZ.AD.AA is the NEC residual for nerve biopsy, which is broader than any specific nerve biopsy code and best matches the unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept.
445908006 (Biopsy of skin of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.AD.AD (Biopsy of fetal structures)ICHI classifies all biopsies of fetal tissue under the single code NMR.AD.AD without distinguishing the specific fetal tissue biopsied; the SNOMED concept specifies skin as the target tissue. NMR.AD.AD is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
75016008 (Biopsy of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.AD.AA (Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI's MRS.AD.AA is a near-exact match in concept (biopsy of soft tissue), but its title explicitly appends "of unspecified site," making it slightly broader in scope than a general SNOMED "biopsy of soft tissue" which implies no site restriction.
362995002 (Biopsy of urinary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)ICHI has no single roll-up "biopsy of urinary tract" code; the closest is the block BlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system), which encompasses all urinary tract structures, each with their own individual biopsy codes.
426961001 (Biphasic cardioversion procedure)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia) covers all modalities of cardioversion/defibrillation applied to the conducting system of the heart, while the SNOMED concept specifies the biphasic waveform technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
444085003 (Biplane angiography of abdominal aorta with placement of catheter and angiography of arteries of bilateral extremities)maps to wider conceptHIH.BA.BB (Angiography of the abdominal aorta with contrast medium)HIH.BA.BB covers angiography of the abdominal aorta but does not capture the biplane technique, the catheter placement step, or the extension to bilateral extremity arteries. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific multi-vessel, biplane catheter study.
235291004 (Bishop-Koop anastomosis)maps to wider conceptKBK.LB.AA (Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Bishop-Koop anastomosis is a specific end-to-side small intestine anastomosis with a distal ileostomy chimney used in neonatal meconium ileus; KBK.LB.AA covers any anastomosis of the small intestine without specifying the technique, making it broader than this named variant.
723950005 (Bisphosphonate therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)Bisphosphonate therapy is a specific class of pharmacological treatment (typically for osteoporosis or bone metastases), while PZX.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing any pharmacotherapy without specifying the drug class, route, or target organ. No ICHI code exists for bisphosphonates or bone-remodelling drug therapy specifically, making this the closest available code but broader than the SNOMED concept.
385965009 (Bladder instillation education)maps to wider conceptNT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)Bladder instillation education is patient education specifically about the procedure of instilling medication into the bladder (intravesical therapy), while NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly. No ICHI code exists for education specifically about bladder instillation or intravesical drug administration, so this is the closest match but remains broader in scope.
22737002 (Blepharectomy)maps to wider conceptBAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of eyelid)Blepharectomy is the surgical excision of an eyelid (or part thereof), which maps to "Partial excision of eyelid" (BAA.JJ.AA) in ICHI. The ICHI code specifies a partial excision, whereas blepharectomy can refer to total or partial removal, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in one sense, but no total excision of eyelid code exists in ICHI — BAA.JJ.AA is the closest available code and covers the predominant clinical use of the term.
396543007 (Blood draw via femoral vein)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood generally, without specifying the access site; ICHI has no procedure code for femoral-vein-specific venipuncture, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the femoral vein route. The XA3QX9 "Femoral vein" code is an extension qualifier rather than a standalone procedure code.
42736004 (Blood unit collection for autotransfusion)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)ICHI's "Collection of blood or blood products" covers the collection act broadly, but does not distinguish autologous collection intended for autotransfusion from other donation types, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1788001 (Blood unit collection for directed donation, donor)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)ICHI does not differentiate directed (designated-donor) blood collection from general blood/blood-product collection, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept which specifies both the purpose (directed donation) and the perspective (donor).
61656001 (Body function training)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-_LD (Interventions on mental functions)ICHI has no single "body function training" code spanning all body functions; the classification instead organises training interventions at the individual function level. The nearest usable block is the broad "Interventions on mental functions" grouping, but even that only covers one domain — making any single ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly spans all body function domains.
252245009 (Bombesin stimulation test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Bombesin is a neuropeptide used as a secretagogue to stimulate gastrointestinal secretions (gastrin, pancreatic enzymes); ICHI has no specific code for this test. KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available code — a residual "NEC" test of digestive system functions — which is broader than the specific bombesin stimulation procedure.
410323000 (Bonding case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is the only ICHI code addressing case management as a health intervention; it sits under "Interventions on whole person." It captures the coordination/management dimension but does not encode the parent-infant bonding focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
118475007 (Bone block procedure)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)A bone block procedure is a specific surgical technique using a structural bone segment to mechanically block joint motion, but ICHI only has a generic "bone graft of unspecified site" at this level of abstraction, which encompasses bone block procedures but is broader in scope.
288056002 (Bone fusion)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)"Bone fusion" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing surgical fusion of bony structures (joints, spinal segments, growth plates), and ICHI represents this through the LE (fusion) action; the unspecified-site arthrodesis code is the best generic match, though it is framed in terms of joint fusion (arthrodesis) rather than bone fusion per se.
33946003 (Bone graft of scaphoid)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)The scaphoid is a carpal bone classified within the hand in ICHI's musculoskeletal hierarchy (BlockL5-MGB), so MGB.ML.AA is the correct anatomical home; however, the ICHI code covers all bones of the hand and fingers, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the scaphoid specifically.
88247001 (Bone graft to maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla)ICHI has no dedicated "bone graft to maxilla" code; MAF.ML.AA uses the ML (reconstruction/graft) action axis and is the closest available code, but reconstruction of maxilla encompasses techniques beyond bone grafting (e.g., flap reconstruction), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
22401006 (Bone graft to nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI has no dedicated "bone graft to nose" code; JAA.ML.AA is the closest match covering nasal reconstruction, but it is broader as it encompasses all reconstruction techniques (cartilage graft, flap, tissue expansion) and targets the nose as a composite structure rather than just its bony component.
288052000 (Bone graft with bone chips)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI captures the bone graft procedure at an unspecified site, but does not encode the specific material used (bone chips as the graft medium); site-specific bone graft codes exist (e.g., femur, spine) but none specify the chip/particulate graft type, making this the closest available code at the price of losing the material detail.
288053005 (Bone graft with metallic fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI has no code that combines bone grafting with concurrent metallic fixation hardware; the unspecified-site bone graft code captures the primary intervention (grafting) but omits the metallic fixation component entirely, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
288057006 (Bone lengthening)maps to wider conceptMRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)The ICHI code covers limb lengthening procedures at an unspecified site, which is the closest match; it is slightly wider because it refers specifically to limb lengthening (implying long bones of the extremities) whereas the SNOMED concept is a general bone lengthening that could apply to any bone, though in practice the concepts are clinically near-equivalent.
119978006 (Bone marrow destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DGA (Interventions on bone marrow)ICHI has no assignable code specifically for destruction or ablation of bone marrow (e.g., myeloablative conditioning); the closest grouping is the entire bone marrow interventions block. As a block code is used instead of an assignable category, the mapping is wider than the SNOMED concept.
118467001 (Bone shortening procedure)maps to wider conceptMRB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures of unspecified site)MRB.LL.AA covers limb shortening at an unspecified bone site, the closest general match. The ICHI code is wider in that it specifically refers to limb bones (excluding spinal/facial bone shortening); site-specific variants would be narrower than the SNOMED concept.
1359935007 (Booking for home birth)maps to wider conceptNUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning)NUG.TB.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept encompassing the administrative and preparatory act of booking/planning a home birth. The ICHI code is wider because it covers birth planning generally and does not specify the home birth setting or the booking act.
437081000124103 (Boron modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A boron modified diet is a specific food modification targeting boron content, while UAB.DA.ZZ covers all food modifications without specifying the nutrient or type. No more specific ICHI code for mineral/element-restricted diets exists.
268389004 (Bowel assessment)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, encompassing but not limited to the bowel; no ICHI code specifically for bowel (intestinal) assessment exists. The closest functional equivalent includes the entire digestive system rather than just the bowel.
385702002 (Bowel care assessment)maps to wider conceptKTK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of defaecation functions)KTK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of defaecation (bowel) functions, which aligns with bowel care assessment, but is broader — it encompasses the full functional domain of defaecation rather than the specific clinical nursing activity.
185669002 (BP screening - first recall)maps to wider conceptITA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood pressure functions)ITA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of blood pressure functions, which is the clinical activity performed at a BP screening recall visit; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the administrative concept of a "first recall" within a screening programme.
185670001 (BP screening - second recall)maps to wider conceptITA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood pressure functions)As with the first recall, ITA.AA.ZZ is the best ICHI match for the clinical activity (blood pressure assessment), but the code is broader because the sequential recall distinction is an administrative scheduling concept not represented in ICHI.
185671002 (BP screening - third recall)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ITA.AB.AH captures the blood pressure measurement act but does not encode the screening context or the "third recall" administrative detail. ICHI has no dedicated screening recall procedure type.
171509005 (Brain cerebrospinal fluid pathway operation)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering all CSF pathway operations (shunting, drainage, ventriculostomy), while AAE.LI.AA represents only ventricular shunting. AAE.LI.AA is the most representative assignable category within this domain.
108112003 (Brain endoscopy)maps to wider conceptAAE.AE.AB (Ventriculoscopy)Brain endoscopy is the broader concept encompassing any endoscopic inspection of intracranial structures, while AAE.AE.AB specifically denotes ventriculoscopy, the predominant form of neuroendoscopy. No generic "brain endoscopy" category exists in ICHI.
237433000 (Breast care procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LCA (Interventions on breast)"Breast care procedure" is a broad, non-specific grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent; the block "Interventions on breast" is the most appropriate match, though it is broader still, encompassing surgical, diagnostic, and rehabilitative breast interventions.
395167000 (Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator skin flap)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)ICHI has no code specific to the DIEP flap technique; "Reconstruction of breast" is the best available match and covers the procedure at the level of target and action, but does not capture the specific free-flap means.
409979009 (Breast self-examination)maps to wider conceptLCA.AE.AH (Manual examination of breast)LCA.AE.AH covers manual examination of the breast performed clinically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes self-examination by the patient. No ICHI code exists for patient-performed self-examination.
225622001 (Breathalyser test)maps to wider conceptVAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours)ICHI has no code specifically for a breathalyser (breath ethanol) test; VAA.AC.ZZ is the closest match as it covers testing in the context of alcohol use behaviours, encompassing any test type, not just breath-based instruments.
284039004 (Breathing system disconnection monitoring)maps to wider conceptJTB.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of respiration function)ICHI contains no code specific to monitoring anaesthetic/ventilator breathing circuit disconnection; JTB.AI.ZZ is the closest available code covering monitoring of respiration function generally.
719413006 (Breathlessness care management)maps to wider conceptJT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific "breathlessness care management" concept; JT2.PP.ZZ covers counselling targeting respiratory system functions, the closest clinical match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all respiratory function counselling.
771155005 (Brief intervention for smoking cessation)maps to wider conceptVAB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about tobacco use behaviours)ICHI does not distinguish "brief intervention" as a modality separate from counselling; VAB.PP.ZZ targets tobacco use behaviours with a counselling action. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all tobacco use counselling.
401157001 (Brief solution focused psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode specific psychotherapy modalities (e.g., solution-focused, CBT); PZB.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy applied to the whole person and is the appropriate residual category when no targeted body function is specified.
252176008 (Bromocriptine day curve)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A bromocriptine day curve is a specific dynamic endocrine test measuring GH/prolactin response over a day; ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly, making it wider than this specific pharmacological challenge test.
252177004 (Bromocriptine suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The bromocriptine suppression test is a specific dynamic endocrine provocation test (typically for GH suppression in acromegaly); ETK.AA.ZZ encompasses all assessment of endocrine gland functions, making it broader.
424840009 (Bronchial hygiene education)maps to wider conceptJTB.PM.ZZ (Education about respiration function)ICHI's "Education about respiration function" covers respiratory education broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about bronchial hygiene (airway clearance techniques). No dedicated bronchial hygiene education code exists in ICHI.
397947007 (Bronchial suction via airway)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)"Suctioning of airways, NEC" covers airway suctioning without specifying the exact route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies bronchial suctioning via the natural airway. No more specific ICHI code exists for this route.
397964005 (Bronchial suction via tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for bronchial suctioning via tracheostomy specifically; the closest is this catch-all NEC code. The tracheostomy-specific block (PTC) does not contain a suctioning code.
1237140001 (Bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)Argon plasma coagulation is a form of endoscopic tissue destruction; ICHI classifies all modalities of endoscopic bronchial tissue destruction under this single code without distinguishing APC from other electrosurgical or thermal techniques.
232594001 (Bronchoscopic aspiration of secretions)maps to wider conceptJBB.JB.AD (Endoscopic drainage of bronchus)Bronchoscopic aspiration of secretions maps to endoscopic drainage of the bronchus in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any endoscopic drainage (not only secretion aspiration), but it is the most specific available code within the bronchus block.
232603006 (Bronchoscopic closure of fistula)maps to wider conceptJBB.MK.AD (Endoscopic repair of bronchus)JBB.MK.AD covers endoscopic repair of the bronchus, which encompasses closure of a bronchial fistula as a specific type of repair. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any endoscopic bronchus repair, not specifically fistula closure.
448791000 (Bronchoscopic cryotherapy of neoplasm of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AB (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of lung)JBF.GA.AB captures the endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of lung tissue, which is the correct target and approach axis. However, ICHI does not distinguish cryotherapy as a specific means nor restrict the target to neoplasm, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
698009006 (Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction)maps to wider conceptJBF.LL.AA (Lung volume reduction surgery)JBF.LL.AA is the closest ICHI code for lung volume reduction, but it encompasses all surgical approaches (including open and thoracoscopic) whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the bronchoscopic (endobronchial) approach. No bronchoscopic-specific lung volume reduction code exists in ICHI.
232592002 (Bronchoscopic sampling of secretions)maps to wider conceptJBB.AH.XC (Specimen collection of sputum)The ICHI code covers specimen collection of sputum (secretions) at the bronchus level but does not specify the bronchoscopic approach, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names bronchoscopy as the method.
7375006 (Bronchoscopy through tracheostomy with biopsy of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus)JBB.AD.AD covers endoscopic biopsy of the bronchus via any endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish bronchoscopy performed through a tracheostomy stoma from transoral/transnasal bronchoscopy. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tracheostomy access route.
81070005 (Bronchoscopy through tracheostomy with biopsy of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.AD.AD (Bronchoscopic lung biopsy)JBF.AD.AD precisely captures bronchoscopic lung biopsy but does not encode the tracheostomy access route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the through-tracheostomy approach.
18049000 (Bronchoscopy with destruction of tumor by laser surgery)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)JBB.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of bronchial lesions or tissue by any modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the destructive means; ICHI does not have a dedicated laser-destruction code for bronchus, making the ICHI code broader in terms of the technique used.
74878007 (Bronchotracheal anastomosis)maps to wider conceptJBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bronchus)ICHI has no specific code for bronchotracheal anastomosis (joining a bronchus to the trachea); the closest available code is JBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bronchus), which covers surgical reconstruction of bronchial continuity but does not specify the tracheal anastomosis component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
119741002 (Bronchus destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)JBB.GA.AA represents open destruction of bronchial lesion or tissue, which is the core concept of a bronchus destructive procedure; the SNOMED concept is a parent grouper that could encompass endoscopic and other destructive variants, with the ICHI code serving as the closest single representative.
439336003 (Brush biopsy)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)ICHI has no dedicated brush biopsy code; brush biopsy is a technique for collecting epithelial/tissue cells, and PZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue, NEC) is the closest available concept, but it is broader as it does not specify the brushing technique or a specific anatomical site.
303995001 (Buccal smear procedure)maps to wider conceptKAR.AH.XF (Specimen collection from oropharynx)A buccal smear is a specimen collection from the oral mucosa (cheek lining), and the closest ICHI code is specimen collection from oropharynx/mouth. ICHI does not have a specific buccal mucosa specimen collection code, so this broader oral/mouth specimen collection code is the best available match.
2373006 (Buffy coat smear evaluation)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)A buffy coat smear is a microscopic examination of the leukocyte-enriched layer of centrifuged blood, which is a specific type of peripheral blood film examination. ICHI's XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination broadly without distinguishing the buffy coat preparation, making it a wider match.
252767009 (Bulbocavernosus reflex studies)maps to wider conceptMVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes)The bulbocavernosus reflex study is a neurophysiological test of the sacral reflex arc (S2–S4), which falls within the category of motor reflex testing. ICHI's MVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes) is the closest match, though it is broader as it covers all motor reflex testing and does not specify the bulbocavernosus/sacral reflex specifically.
243068007 (Bullying counseling)maps to wider conceptVBC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about community violence behaviours)Bullying is a form of community/interpersonal violence behaviour, and counselling for bullying maps most closely to ICHI's counselling about community violence behaviours. ICHI does not have a code specific to bullying, so VBC.PP.ZZ is the best available match, though broader than the SNOMED concept.
252639006 (Burge test)maps to wider conceptNT2.AC.ZZ (Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)The Burge test is a specific urodynamic provocative test for urinary stress incontinence, but ICHI has no dedicated code for it. NT2.AC.ZZ captures the functional urinary testing domain and is the closest assignable code, though it is broader than this specific named test.
83876008 (Bursectomy)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific "excision of bursa" code — bursa targets exist only as extension/anatomy codes, not as procedure targets. MRS.JI.AA (local excision of a soft-tissue lesion, unspecified site) is the closest assignable code for the surgical removal of a bursa, though it is broader in that it covers any soft-tissue lesion rather than bursa specifically.
10855008 (Bypass graft with artificial transplant)maps to wider conceptIZE.LI.AA (Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI classifies bypass procedures by the specific vessel targeted and does not encode the graft material (artificial/synthetic vs. autologous) as a distinguishing axis at the category level; IZE.LI.AA is the broadest vessel-bypass residual code and encompasses this procedure, but it is wider because it does not specify the artificial conduit material.
450691003 (Bypass of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LI.AA is the correct structural parent; however it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the inferior mesenteric artery specifically.
178322007 (Bypass of obstruction of lymphatic duct)maps to wider conceptDFO.LI.AA (Bypass of lymphatic vessel)DFO.LI.AA directly represents bypass of a lymphatic vessel, which is the correct structural match; it is slightly wider because it covers any lymphatic vessel rather than specifying the thoracic/lymphatic duct, and does not encode the indication (obstruction).
450687008 (Bypass of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, making IEA.LI.AA the appropriate code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it groups all abdominal or pelvic artery bypasses together without distinguishing the superior mesenteric artery specifically.
252247001 (C-peptide stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The C-peptide stimulation test evaluates endocrine pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretory capacity, which falls under assessment of endocrine gland functions. No ICHI code specific to C-peptide or pancreatic stimulation testing exists, so ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available parent category and is broader than this specific test.
241338000 (C14 breath test of fat absorption)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)The C14 fat absorption breath test assesses intestinal fat assimilation using a radiolabelled substrate, which maps most closely to the ICHI concept of assessing assimilation functions. KTH.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assimilation assessment rather than this specific isotope-labelled breath test technique.
252668007 (C14 D-Xylose breath test)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)The C14 D-Xylose breath test assesses carbohydrate absorption and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, both of which relate to assimilation functions. KTH.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is broader than this specific isotope breath test.
252666006 (C14 glycocholate breath test)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)The C14 glycocholate (bile acid) breath test is used to detect bile acid malabsorption or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is an assessment of assimilation/absorption functions. No more specific ICHI code exists for this procedure, making KTH.AA.ZZ the closest available match.
252669004 (C14 urea breath test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The C14 urea breath test detects Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach by measuring labelled CO2 in exhaled breath; it is a diagnostic test of upper gastrointestinal function and microbial status. KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions) is the best available match but is broader than this specific test.
1254992009 (Caffeine free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no specific code for a caffeine-free diet or caffeine restriction; "Prescription of food" is the closest available concept, covering the clinical act of prescribing a dietary modification, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the caffeine-free nature of the diet.
1287686004 (Calcineurin inhibitor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI contains no code specific to calcineurin inhibitor therapy or immunosuppressive drug classes; "Pharmacotherapy prescription" captures the general act of prescribing a pharmacological treatment, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a named drug class used primarily for transplant rejection prevention and autoimmune conditions.
252178009 (Calcitonin calcium infusion test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The calcitonin calcium infusion test is a provocative endocrine function test used to stimulate calcitonin secretion (e.g., for medullary thyroid cancer screening); ICHI has no specific code for this procedure, and "Assessment of endocrine gland functions" is the closest structural match, though it is far broader than this specific stimulation test.
722047001 (Calcium channel blocker therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not encode specific drug class therapies such as calcium channel blockers; "Pharmacotherapy prescription" is the broadest available match covering the act of prescribing a pharmacological agent, but does not capture the specific drug class or its indication.
437091000124100 (Calcium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no code specific to a calcium-modified diet; "Prescription of food" is the closest available code representing the clinical act of prescribing a dietary regimen, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a diet modified for calcium content.
104564005 (Calcium/phosphate parathyroid challenge test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The SNOMED concept is a specific functional challenge/provocation test targeting parathyroid physiology (calcium/phosphate infusion with PTH measurement), while ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any endocrine gland function broadly. No parathyroid-specific functional assessment or challenge test code exists in ICHI.
60660006 (Caldwell-Luc operation with removal of membrane lining)maps to wider conceptJAF.FA.AA (Radical maxillary antrotomy)The Caldwell-Luc operation is a radical maxillary antrotomy (an open incision into the maxillary sinus via the canine fossa), which maps directly to JAF.FA.AA. However, the ICHI code does not specify the additional step of membrane/mucosa lining removal that is part of this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
27662000 (Calibration of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of urethra)Urethral calibration in clinical practice refers to assessing and/or dilating the urethral lumen using bougies or dilators, which overlaps substantially with dilatation of the urethra. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it emphasises the therapeutic dilation component rather than the measurement/calibration aspect of the procedure.
352132381000119101 (Canakinumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Canakinumab is a specific anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody administered therapeutically; ICHI does not have codes for specific biologic agents or drug classes, so the best available match is the generic pharmacotherapy administration code PZA.DB.AZ. This is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the agent and its therapeutic use.
720006006 (Cancer care review)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no cancer-specific care review code; PZB.ZY.ZY is the closest fit as a structured whole-person health management contact, but it is broader — it covers any condition, not specifically oncology, and does not convey the review/assessment purpose precisely.
243072006 (Cancer education)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's education codes are tied to specific body functions or activities and none covers generic disease/condition education such as cancer education; PZB.ZY.ZY is the best available catch-all, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
413736002 (Cancer emotional and psychosocial support and education)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest whole-person ICHI code covering the combined emotional, psychosocial support and educational intent of this concept; it does not capture the education component or the cancer-specific context, making it broader, but it is a better fit than the residual encounter code given the counselling/support focus.
78007008 (Cannulation of ampulla of Vater)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of biliary tract device)Cannulation of the ampulla of Vater is performed endoscopically (ERCP) to introduce a device or catheter into the biliary/pancreatic duct orifice, which aligns closely with endoscopic insertion of a biliary tract device; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any biliary device insertion and is not restricted to the ampulla of Vater specifically.
1351965000 (Cannulation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula with buttonhole technique)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for buttonhole-technique cannulation of an AV dialysis fistula; Management of arteriovenous shunt (IZA.SN.AF) is the closest concept, encompassing maintenance and manipulation of AV access, but it is broader and does not capture the specific buttonhole needling technique.
59077004 (Canthotomy)maps to wider conceptBAA.FA.AA (Incision of eyelid)Canthotomy is a specific incision of the lateral canthal tendon/commissure to release orbital compartment pressure, but ICHI's eyelid block contains no dedicated canthotomy code; Incision of eyelid (BAA.FA.AA) is the closest anatomical match, though it is broader, covering any eyelid incision rather than canthotomy specifically.
252464001 (Capillaroscopy)maps to wider conceptITB.AE.ZZ (Examination of blood vessel functions)Capillaroscopy (nailfold microscopy to visualise capillary morphology) is a functional examination of peripheral blood vessels, and no dedicated ICHI code exists for it; Examination of blood vessel functions (ITB.AE.ZZ) is the closest match, though it is broader and unspecified as to technique.
427595003 (Capsule endoscopy)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.AD (Panendoscopy of digestive tract, via camera capsule, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's code specifically names the camera-capsule technique for imaging the digestive tract, which directly corresponds to capsule endoscopy; however, it is coded as panendoscopy (full GI tract) and carries an NEC qualifier, making it slightly broader than a SNOMED concept that may refer to a segment-specific capsule study.
64061001 (Capsulectomy of wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of wrist joint)ICHI has no code specifically for excision of the joint capsule of the wrist; the closest anatomically specific match is partial excision of wrist joint (MFJ.JJ.AA), which covers excision of a wrist joint structure including the capsule but is broader in scope, encompassing any partial excision of the joint rather than the capsule alone.
118444003 (Capsulectomy procedure)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of joint of unspecified site)This SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified capsulectomy with no anatomical specificity, and ICHI likewise has no generic excision-of-joint-capsule code; the best fit is partial excision of joint of unspecified site (MRJ.JJ.AA), which is broader as it encompasses any partial joint excision rather than capsule excision specifically.
440693005 (Capsulodesis of metacarpophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI has no dedicated capsulodesis code; capsulodesis is a stabilisation/tightening procedure on the joint capsule typically classified under repair, and MGJ.MK.AA is the anatomically appropriate code covering the metacarpophalangeal joint region, though it is broader as it encompasses all types of finger/hand joint repair rather than capsular fixation specifically.
16656003 (Capsulorrhaphy of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptMRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no site-specific capsulorrhaphy (suture/repair of joint capsule) code for the lower extremity as a whole, and individual lower extremity joint repair codes exist only for hip and knee — not as a combined lower extremity category; MRJ.MK.AA is the best available fit for this anatomically broad SNOMED concept, though it is wider as it is not restricted to the lower extremity.
85785001 (Capsulotomy of lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)BBF.FA.AA sits within Interventions on lens and is titled simply "Capsulotomy," which directly describes incision of the lens capsule. However, the ICHI code does not specify whether this is a posterior or anterior capsulotomy nor the technique (e.g., YAG laser vs. surgical), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
89157000 (Capsulotomy of midtarsal region)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FB.AA (Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe)The midtarsal (Chopart) joint is anatomically within the foot, and MOJ.FB.AA covers division of joint capsule of any joint of the foot or toe. ICHI does not specify individual tarsal joints, so the code is wider than the SNOMED concept which identifies the midtarsal region specifically.
425315000 (Cardiac assessment)maps to wider conceptHTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified)HTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of heart functions broadly and is the closest specific-to-heart assessment code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because cardiac assessment in clinical practice typically encompasses structural and functional evaluation, whereas the ICHI code is explicitly scoped to functions of the heart rather than the full clinical cardiac assessment encounter.
385714005 (Cardiac care assessment)maps to wider conceptHTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified)"Cardiac care assessment" is a nursing assessment of a patient receiving cardiac care, which aligns most closely with HTB.AA.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to the nursing care context and covers any assessor or setting, while the SNOMED concept implies an assessment within an ongoing cardiac care episode.
233142000 (Cardiac conduit operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HBB (Interventions on right cardiac ventricle)"Cardiac conduit operation" is a category-level SNOMED concept encompassing multiple specific conduit procedures (RA-PA, RV-PA, LV-aorta). ICHI has specific codes for each individual conduit creation but no single code capturing all cardiac conduit operations together, so the block-level grouping is the best available fit; the ICHI block is broader than the SNOMED concept.
55574009 (Cardiac function testing)maps to wider conceptHTB.AE.ZZ (Examination of heart functions, not elsewhere classified)HTB.AE.ZZ represents examination of heart functions as a residual/NEC category, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of cardiac function testing that encompasses ECG, echocardiography, stress testing, and output measurement; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it is an NEC category and does not restrict to testing specifically.
385978009 (Cardiac rehabilitation assessment)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for an assessment performed in the context of cardiac rehabilitation, capturing evaluation of cardiovascular function in a non-specific/NEC way; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not carry the rehabilitation-program framing that "cardiac rehabilitation assessment" implies.
431220000 (Cardiac septostomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)HAD.FA.AA (incision of atrial septum) is the best structural match for septostomy, as septostomy is by definition an incision or enlargement of the atrial septum; however, the ICHI code does not capture fluoroscopic guidance (the means axis indicates open approach, not fluoroscopic/percutaneous), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
113018007 (Cardioassist)maps to wider conceptHZZ.DN.AA (Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified)"Cardioassist" refers to mechanical circulatory support (IABP, VAD, ECMO), and HZZ.DN.AA covers implantation of any cardiac assist device not classified elsewhere, making it a reasonable but broader match since ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type under this NEC code.
386240008 (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation management)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)The SNOMED concept "CPR management" is broader than the act of CPR itself — it encompasses assessment, decision-making, and the overall clinical management around a resuscitation episode — while the ICHI code represents only the resuscitation procedure. HT2.MC.AH is the closest available code but is narrower in scope than the management concept.
72193009 (Cardiosplenopexy)maps to wider conceptDJA.LC.AA (Fixation of spleen)Cardiosplenopexy is a historical procedure in which the spleen is attached to the heart (or pericardium) to encourage collateral blood supply; "Fixation of spleen" (DJA.LC.AA) captures the splenic fixation component but does not convey the specific cardiac attachment or the revascularisation intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229196003 (Cardiovascular exercises in water)maps to wider conceptHT2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)This ICHI code covers cardiovascular exercise broadly, which includes the water-based variant; however, ICHI does have a hydrotherapy category (PZA.ZZ.BS for full immersion), but that is targeted at physical/whole-body hydrotherapy rather than cardiovascular training specifically. HT2.PG.ZZ captures the cardiovascular exercise intent while losing the aquatic specificity, making it a wider match.
279771007 (Cardiovascular flow study imaging)maps to wider conceptHTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)"Cardiovascular flow study imaging" describes nuclear medicine or functional imaging of blood flow through the cardiovascular system; HTB.BA.BE (cardiac output scan) is the closest available ICHI code covering radionuclide/functional cardiac imaging, but it is broader and does not specify flow study specifically. HTC.BA.BE (myocardial perfusion scan) is an alternative but is restricted to myocardial perfusion rather than general cardiovascular flow.
1156719008 (Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet 2 Low Density Lipoprotein)maps to wider conceptVEA.PM.ZZ (Education to influence eating behaviours)The SNOMED concept refers to a specific structured dietary intervention (CHILD-2 LDL diet) aimed at reducing LDL cholesterol through diet modification; VEA.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code covering education/intervention on eating behaviours, but it is far broader and does not encode the lipid-lowering or cardiovascular-specific dietary programme detail.
1156718000 (Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet 2 Triglyceride)maps to wider conceptVEA.PM.ZZ (Education to influence eating behaviours)Like the LDL variant above, this SNOMED concept describes a specific structured dietary intervention (CHILD-2 triglyceride diet) targeting triglyceride reduction; VEA.PM.ZZ captures the general eating behaviour education domain but cannot represent the triglyceride-specific or cardiovascular programme-specific nature of this concept.
113021009 (Cardiovascular measurement)maps to wider conceptHT2.AB.AH (Other nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AB.AH covers nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements as a residual category within the cardiovascular functions block, which broadly aligns with "cardiovascular measurement"; the ICHI code is wider because it is a catch-all NEC (not elsewhere classified) entry and does not convey any specific measurement type, while the SNOMED concept is itself already a high-level category.
48428001 (Cardiovascular monitoring)maps to wider conceptHT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "cardiovascular monitoring" code; "Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, NEC" is the closest categorical match under the cardiovascular functions block, but it is broader as it covers any observational act rather than specifically continuous monitoring. More specific monitoring codes exist only for narrower sub-domains of cardiovascular monitoring.
49763002 (Cardiovascular rehabilitation procedure)maps to wider conceptHT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)Cardiovascular rehabilitation is a multi-component programme; ICHI's closest single code covers the exercise training component within the cardiovascular functions block, but "rehabilitation" as a SNOMED concept typically encompasses assessment, education, counselling, and exercise — none of which is captured by a single ICHI assignable code. HT2.PH.ZZ represents the core rehabilitative exercise intervention and is the best available single-code match, though it is broader in scope and misses the multi-disciplinary nature.
26046004 (Cardiovascular stress test using bicycle ergometer)maps to wider conceptHTM.AF.AH (Exercise electrocardiogram)ICHI has no instrument-specific distinction between bicycle ergometer and treadmill; HTM.AF.AH (exercise electrocardiogram) is the single assignable code capturing the ECG-monitored exercise stress test regardless of the ergometric device used, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies a bicycle ergometer.
80635001 (Cardiovascular stress test using treadmill)maps to wider conceptHTM.AF.AH (Exercise electrocardiogram)As with the bicycle ergometer variant, ICHI does not differentiate stress test modality by device; HTM.AF.AH covers all exercise ECG stress testing and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a treadmill-based protocol.
432029008 (Cardioversion using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH captures cardioversion (conversion of cardiac arrhythmia) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance that characterises this specific SNOMED concept — ICHI's means axis for this code (AH = external approach) does not distinguish imaging guidance modalities. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all methods of cardiac arrhythmia conversion regardless of guidance technique.
431593007 (Care of ileal conduit)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)An ileal conduit is a specific type of urinary diversion stoma, and PTD.SN.AC covers management of any stoma not classified under gastrostomy, enterostomy, or tracheostomy, making it broader than the specific ileal conduit concept. This is the closest available ICHI code; no ileal-conduit-specific management code exists.
406169005 (Care of patient undergoing electroconvulsive therapy)maps to wider conceptAAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)ICHI's "Stimulation of the brain using electric fields" is the closest available code, sitting under the brain stimulation hierarchy alongside transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, it is broader — it does not specifically encode ECT as a modality, nor does it capture the peri-procedural nursing care context of the SNOMED concept.
385924009 (Care of pressure injury stage III)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specifically for pressure injury care or wound management of decubitus ulcers; the closest available code covers external dressing application to skin (NEC), which is a component of pressure injury care but is broader and does not capture the staging, cleansing, debridement, or other nursing management actions involved. No ICHI code encodes "care of" a wound type by stage.
385928007 (Care of pressure injury stage IV)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Same reasoning as stage III — ICHI has no code for pressure injury care by stage; LZZ.DK.AH represents a skin dressing application which is one element of such care, but it is broader and not stage-specific, making it the best available approximate match.
445191009 (Care of suprapubic urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no code specific to suprapubic catheter care; NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which semantically encompasses ongoing care of a suprapubic catheter, but is broader because it includes any bladder device and does not distinguish catheter type or route of insertion.
449584006 (Care of tunneled central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code — it represents ongoing maintenance of intravenous (venous) access, which conceptually aligns with the care and upkeep of a tunneled central venous catheter; however it is broader, covering any intravenous access maintenance without specifying a tunneled CVC, and the "Tunneled central venous catheter" entries found in the search appear to be extension/means codes without assignable codes of their own.
431332004 (Care of ureterostomy)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers management of any stoma (not elsewhere classified), which encompasses ureterostomy care as one specific type; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all stoma types (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, etc.), not just ureterostomy specifically.
866147001 (Care planning for fall risk)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised planning for the whole person, which is the closest ICHI concept to developing a care plan targeting a specific risk; it is broader because it is not specific to fall risk and encompasses any type of individualised care planning regardless of the reason or target condition.
287409005 (Cartilage graft - prominent ear)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)CAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external ear in general and is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a cartilage graft technique specifically for prominent ear correction (otoplasty). ICHI does not have a code that isolates cartilage graft as the means or prominent ear as the indication.
39774008 (Cartilage graft to nasal septum)maps to wider conceptJAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty)JAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty) is the only ICHI code under the nasal septum block that captures surgical reconstruction/repair of the nasal septum; however, it is broader because it encompasses all septoplasty approaches whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a cartilage graft technique. No dedicated "cartilage graft to nasal septum" code exists in ICHI.
385909000 (Cataract care)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BBF (Interventions on lens)"Cataract care" is a broad, non-specific term encompassing assessment through surgical management of the lens; the ICHI block "Interventions on lens" (BBF) covers all interventions on the crystalline lens including extraction and prosthetic insertion, but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code, and is broader than any single cataract procedure.
385908008 (Cataract care assessment)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)ICHI has no cataract-specific assessment code; BZZ.AA.AH covers assessment of the eye and eye functions broadly, which encompasses a cataract-focused assessment but is not restricted to it. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
397398007 (Catheterization of bronchus with lavage)maps to wider conceptJBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus)Bronchoscopic irrigation of the bronchus is the closest ICHI match — lavage (washing out) is semantically equivalent to irrigation in this context, and catheterization of the bronchus is performed endoscopically. The ICHI code does not specify the catheter-with-lavage technique and covers endoscopic bronchial irrigation more broadly, making it slightly wider.
405420006 (Catheterization of neck vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck)The ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal device (including catheter) insertion into the vein of head and neck, which encompasses neck vein catheterization. The ICHI code is wider because it includes head veins and any device, not specifically a catheter into the neck vein alone.
384649001 (Catheterization of urinary bladder by indwelling suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD covers insertion of any device into the urinary bladder endoscopically, which encompasses suprapubic catheter placement. However, ICHI does not specifically distinguish the suprapubic (percutaneous/transabdominal) route or the indwelling nature of the catheter, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
61339001 (Catheterization with bronchial brush biopsy)maps to wider conceptJBB.AD.AA (Biopsy of bronchus)JBB.AD.AA (biopsy of bronchus, open) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not have a specific code for bronchial brush biopsy technique, so this code is broader as it covers any method of bronchial biopsy rather than the brush catheter technique specifically.
89746002 (Cauterization of adenoid fossa)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)ICHI has no specific category code for cauterization/destruction of the adenoid fossa — the adenoid block (BlockL5-DAB) contains only biopsy, excision, and haemostasis codes but no destruction/cauterization code. Assigning the block is appropriate as the closest grouping, though it is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
74854002 (Cauterization of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the anus by any method (open approach), which encompasses cauterization. ICHI does not differentiate cauterization as a specific means within this code, so it is slightly broader, but this is the best available match for the SNOMED concept.
86705006 (Cauterization of cervix by laser surgery)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of cervix tissue by any method, including cauterization and laser; the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means, but ICHI has no laser-specific destruction code for the cervix (NMF.GA.BA covers radiotherapy only), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
17881005 (Cauterization of choroid plexus)maps to wider conceptAAE.GA.AE (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ventricles of brain)The choroid plexus resides within the cerebral ventricles and is the recognized anatomical target for this intervention in ICHI; however, AAE.GA.AE targets the broader ventricles-of-brain structure and implies an endoscopic approach, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is anatomically specific to the choroid plexus without specifying approach.
172509007 (Cauterization of ciliary body)maps to wider conceptBBD.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of ciliary body)BBD.GA.AH captures destruction of the ciliary body by any method; cauterization is one form of destruction, but ICHI does not have a cauterization-specific code for this target, so the ICHI code is broader in terms of the means used.
77184003 (Cauterization of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva)BBA.GA.AA covers destruction of conjunctival tissue by any method; cauterization is a specific form of destruction and ICHI does not distinguish cauterization from other destructive modalities for the conjunctiva, so the ICHI code is broader.
172407006 (Cauterization of corneal lesion)maps to wider conceptBBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)BBB.GA.AH covers destruction of a corneal lesion by any method; cauterization is a specific destructive technique, and since ICHI does not have a cauterization-specific code for the cornea, the ICHI code is broader in means.
235266004 (Cauterization of duodenal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBI.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum)Cauterization is a specific form of destruction, and this ICHI code is the only destruction code available for duodenal lesions, specifying endoscopic means. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all destruction methods (not just cauterization), and the SNOMED concept does not specify approach while ICHI specifies endoscopic.
32787003 (Cauterization of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)Cauterization of an eyelid is clinically a destruction of eyelid tissue, and ICHI's target (eyelid) matches precisely. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all destruction methods (not just cauterization) and the means axis (AH = not elsewhere classified) does not specify cauterization specifically.
82269004 (Cauterization of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)Cauterization of the fallopian tube is a form of destruction, and the target axis matches exactly. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all destruction methods and does not specify the means as cauterization; fallopian tube cauterization is commonly performed for sterilization, but NMC.LA.AA (occlusion) could also be considered — however destruction is the more direct semantic match for cauterization.
35986008 (Cauterization of forefoot)maps to wider conceptLAG.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI has no forefoot-specific destruction code; the best available code covers the entire lower limb skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the forefoot. Cauterization maps to the destruction action axis (GA), and the lower limb is the correct body region, but the target is less precise.
309882001 (Cauterization of gastric lesion)maps to wider conceptKBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)KBF.GA.AD covers destruction of a gastric lesion (semantically matching cauterization), but is specifically endoscopic in approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach. The SNOMED concept is also specifically about a "lesion," while the ICHI title additionally includes "tissue." The closest non-approach-constrained alternative does not exist in ICHI's stomach block, making this the best available match.
172812000 (Cauterization of internal nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)JAA.GA.AC captures destruction (of which cauterization is a method) of an intranasal lesion, which aligns well with cauterization of the internal nose. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it specifies a lesion target rather than the internal nose generally, but it is the closest available code for this procedure in the nasal interventions block.
62178009 (Cauterization of iris)maps to wider conceptBBC.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of iris)BBC.GA.AH represents destruction (the broader action of which cauterization is a specific technique) of a lesion of the iris, matching the anatomical target precisely. The ICHI code is wider because it specifies the action is on a "lesion" and does not constrain the means to cauterization specifically.
37591001 (Cauterization of lacrimal gland)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.GA.AH is the only destruction code available for the lacrimal system in ICHI and covers the lacrimal apparatus as a whole rather than the lacrimal gland specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets only the lacrimal gland. No code specific to the lacrimal gland alone for destruction exists in the ICHI lacrimal apparatus block.
75904000 (Cauterization of lacrimal sac)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)As with cauterization of the lacrimal gland, ICHI has no code specific to the lacrimal sac for destruction; BAD.GA.AH covers the entire lacrimal apparatus and is thus wider than the SNOMED concept targeting only the lacrimal sac. This is the closest available code within the lacrimal apparatus interventions block.
77688004 (Cauterization of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx)Cauterization is a specific means of destruction (thermal/chemical), whereas the ICHI code covers all destruction modalities of laryngeal lesion or tissue without specifying the means. The ICHI target is also slightly broader ("larynx" vs. the SNOMED which implies a lesion on the larynx), but this is the closest available code.
235345009 (Cauterization of lesion - large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)Cauterization of a large intestinal lesion maps best to destruction of lesion of colon; ICHI uses "colon" rather than "large intestine" as the target, and the means (cauterization) is not specified in the ICHI code, making it broader.
235299002 (Cauterization of lesion - small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers destruction of a small intestinal lesion by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies cauterization as the technique; the ICHI code is otherwise a good structural match on target and action.
74580009 (Cauterization of lesion of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)The ICHI code captures destruction of cervical lesion or tissue by any modality via transvaginal approach (means AC), while the SNOMED concept specifies cauterization; the target and action axes match well, but means and tissue scope are broader in ICHI.
20579004 (Cauterization of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)The ICHI code covers all destruction modalities applied to oesophageal lesion or tissue, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes cauterization; the target and action are well aligned but the ICHI code is broader due to unspecified means.
173448001 (Cauterization of lesion of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for the floor of mouth as a distinct target — the floor of mouth falls within the oral cavity, and KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction of oral cavity structures not classified under more specific sub-blocks (lip, tongue, gum, etc.). The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the floor-of-mouth site.
173227001 (Cauterization of lesion of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lip)KAA.GA.AH directly matches the target (lip) and action (destruction, of which cauterization is a modality), but the ICHI title does not specify "lesion" — it covers any destruction of the lip rather than destruction of a lesion specifically, making it slightly broader.
265297009 (Cauterization of lesion of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA correctly maps the target (retina) and action (destruction, encompassing cauterization), but the ICHI title does not specify "lesion" and covers destruction of the retina generally, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a retinal lesion.
2644002 (Cauterization of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the liver by open approach with unspecified means, which encompasses cauterization of the liver but is broader in that it includes any destructive modality (e.g., radiofrequency, cryotherapy) and the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular lesion vs. tissue target. This is the closest available ICHI code; no cauterization-specific liver code exists.
387747000 (Cauterization of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of lung)JBF.GA.AA represents open destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung without specifying means, which subsumes cauterization of the lung but is broader because it covers all destructive modalities. No lung-specific cauterization code exists in ICHI.
82152007 (Cauterization of mammary gland)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AA covers open destruction of lesion or tissue of the breast by any means, which encompasses cauterization of the mammary gland; however, it is broader because it includes all destructive techniques and also specifies a lesion/tissue target rather than the whole gland. No breast-specific cauterization code exists in ICHI.
89325008 (Cauterization of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AA (Destruction of ovary)Cauterization is a specific method of destruction (by heat/electricity), while ICHI NMA.GA.AA encodes destruction of the ovary without specifying the means, making the ICHI code broader. The target and clinical intent align well.
40899005 (Cauterization of sclera)maps to wider conceptBCB.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of sclera)The target (sclera) and clinical action (destruction of a lesion) match well; cauterization is a specific method of tissue destruction that is not distinguished in the ICHI means axis, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
42969009 (Cauterization of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI combines skin and subcutaneous tissue into a single target axis and offers only site-specific destruction codes (by body region) or the NEC residual LZZ.GA.AH; none isolates skin alone across all body sites. The NEC code is the best available match but is broader because it encompasses subcutaneous tissue and is unspecified as to body site.
7980005 (Cauterization of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish cauterisation/destruction of subcutaneous tissue separately from skin; the closest available code covers both skin and subcutaneous cell tissue across all body sites (NEC residual). The code is broader because it includes the skin and does not specify a body site.
43401008 (Cauterization of tonsillar fossa)maps to wider conceptDAA.GA.AC (Destruction of tonsils)ICHI does not have a specific code for the tonsillar fossa; DAA.GA.AC is the closest code covering destruction within the tonsil/peritonsillar region. It is broader because it covers the tonsil as a whole rather than the fossa specifically, and it does not encode the cauterisation means.
307273008 (Cauterization of wart)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Cauterization is a specific means of destroying a wart (a specific skin lesion), but ICHI does not have a code specific to wart destruction or to cauterization as a means — LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, which is broader than the specific procedure (cauterization) and the specific target (wart).
359726004 (Cavernoscopy of thorax)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)Cavernoscopy of the thorax is endoscopic inspection of a thoracic cavity/space (an empyema or abscess cavity), which maps closest to thoracoscopy — the ICHI code for endoscopic exploration of the thoracic cavity via a transpleural approach. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it describes general thoracoscopy rather than being specific to pathological cavity inspection.
313938009 (CD4 percent count)maps to wider conceptXG0RS1 (CD4 cell enumeration)XG0RS1 specifically captures CD4 cell enumeration, which is the closest ICHI code to a CD4 percent count; the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it covers CD4 cell enumeration generally without specifying the result type as a percentage (proportion of total lymphocytes) rather than an absolute count.
176121003 (Cecal urinary bladder replacement)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)Cecal urinary bladder replacement (constructing a neobladder from cecum) is a form of bladder reconstruction; ICHI has NAI.ML.AA for reconstruction of the urinary bladder but does not encode the specific bowel segment used (cecum), making the ICHI code broader.
53133001 (Cecocoloplicopexy)maps to wider conceptKBZ.LC.AA (Fixation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)Cecocoloplicopexy is fixation (pexy) of the cecum and colon together; ICHI has KBZ.LC.AA for fixation of the large intestine NEC, which encompasses both the cecum and colon as segments of the large intestine and is the best available match, though it is broader as it does not specify the combined cecum-and-colon plication/fixation technique.
50012009 (Cecopexy)maps to wider conceptKBZ.LC.AA (Fixation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific caecum fixation code; KBZ.LC.AA covers fixation of large intestine NEC, which is the nearest anatomical parent — the caecum is part of the large intestine but is not individually named in this context. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses fixation of any large intestinal segment, not just the caecum.
433059005 (Celiac plexus block using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI classifies sympathetic nervous system interventions only by anatomical level (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) and has no specific block for the celiac/coeliac plexus; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified category for this system and is the closest available code, though it is far broader and omits both the injection-of-anaesthetic action and fluoroscopic guidance means.
433221009 (Celiac plexus block using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated celiac plexus intervention code, so ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the best available fit, but it covers all unspecified sympathetic nervous system interventions without capturing the celiac plexus target, the anaesthetic block action, or the ultrasound guidance means.
359681000 (Celiac plexus procedure)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)As the parent concept of the more specific celiac plexus block codes, this maps to the same residual ICHI code ADA.ZZ.ZZ; the SNOMED concept is itself non-specific about the type of procedure, and ICHI similarly has no dedicated celiac plexus category.
1284877001 (Cementation of crown to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the only ICHI leaf code for restorative tooth procedures and encompasses cementation of a crown as one form of tooth restoration; it is wider because it covers all types of restorations (fillings, inlays, crowns) rather than crown cementation specifically.
1269340005 (Cementation of inlay to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Cementation of an inlay is a form of indirect tooth restoration, which falls directly under KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all restorative procedures on a tooth without distinguishing inlay from other restoration types.
1284880000 (Cementation of post core to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A post-core is a pre-restorative foundation device cemented into the root canal to retain a crown; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available fit as a post-core is primarily a device placement rather than a restoration, though the ICHI code is wider, covering any dental device application without specificity to post-core foundations.
1268671004 (Cementation of restoration to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers restoration of tooth broadly, which encompasses cementing a restoration (crown, bridge) onto a dental implant abutment. ICHI does not have a more specific code distinguishing implant-supported restorations from natural tooth restorations, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1269408005 (Cementation of veneer onto tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Cementing a dental veneer is a form of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC is the closest available ICHI code covering restoration of tooth. ICHI does not distinguish veneer cementation from other restorative procedures, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
177179008 (Cephalic vaginal delivery with abnormal presentation of head at delivery without instrument)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)NME.JF.AC is the single ICHI code for vaginal delivery and is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specifics of cephalic abnormal head presentation (occiput posterior, brow, or face) nor the absence of instruments — ICHI has no codes distinguishing presentation variants of spontaneous vaginal delivery.
401035006 (Cerebrospinal fluid microscopy culture and sensitivities)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.XE (Specimen collection from spinal canal)ICHI has no dedicated code for CSF microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing as a combined procedure. ABG.AH.XE captures the CSF collection step (from the spinal canal), but the downstream laboratory analysis (microscopy, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility) is not encoded at this level.
171770006 (Cerebrospinal fluid pressure recording)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)Lumbar puncture (ABG.AH.AE) is the standard procedural vehicle for measuring CSF opening pressure, and the SNOMED concept specifically describes the pressure recording that occurs during lumbar puncture. However, the ICHI code represents the full lumbar puncture procedure (which may be done for other purposes such as specimen collection or drug injection), making it broader.
412885005 (Cerebrospinal fluid sodium measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)ICHI has no code for CSF-specific electrolyte measurement; sodium is a mineral/electrolyte and the closest available code covers assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions broadly, without specifying CSF as the specimen source or sodium as the specific analyte.
412936001 (Cerebrospinal fluid total human chorionic gonadotropin measurement)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI lacks any CSF-specific hormone measurement code; hCG is an endocrine/reproductive hormone, so the best available match is the broader assessment of endocrine gland functions, which does not capture the CSF specimen context or the specific hormone analyte.
412887002 (Cerebrospinal fluid urea measurement)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI has no code for CSF urea measurement specifically; urea is a nitrogenous metabolic byproduct and the nearest code covers assessment of general metabolic functions broadly, without specifying the CSF specimen or urea as the analyte.
726602001 (Certolizumab pegol therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Certolizumab pegol is a PEGylated anti-TNF monoclonal antibody fragment classified as an immunological (biologic) agent and is administered subcutaneously (a percutaneous route), making this a good structural match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given percutaneously rather than certolizumab specifically.
252248006 (Cerulin test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)The cerulin (caerulein) test is a pharmacological provocation of pancreatic/biliary secretion using a cholecystokinin analogue; ICHI has no specific pancreatic or biliary provocation test code, so the residual "provocation test, not elsewhere classified" is the best available match.
709061001 (Cervical esophagogastrostomy using retrosternal route)maps to wider conceptKBA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of oesophagus)"Anastomosis of oesophagus" captures the oesophageal anastomosis component of an oesophagogastrostomy, but is broader because it does not specify the gastric target, the cervical level, or the retrosternal routing.
60954008 (Cervical esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)"Oesophagostomy" matches the procedure type but does not specify the cervical site — it applies to oesophagostomy at any level, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
445429009 (Cervical laminectomy)maps to wider conceptMBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cervical spine)ICHI has no dedicated laminectomy code; laminectomy is excision of the vertebral lamina (part of the cervical spine), which maps most closely to local excision of lesion of the cervical spine — broader because it covers any excisional procedure on the cervical spine.
438374004 (Cervical laminoplasty with decompression of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)ICHI has no dedicated laminoplasty code; laminoplasty is a reconstructive expansion of the posterior cervical arch to decompress the spinal cord, so "Release of spinal cord" is the closest functional equivalent — broader because it covers any means of cord release and is not cervical-specific.
265004004 (Cervical lymph nodes sampling)maps to wider conceptDFB.AD.AA (Biopsy of cervical lymph node)"Sampling" of cervical lymph nodes is conceptually equivalent to biopsy; ICHI's biopsy code applies to a single node and does not specify technique, while the SNOMED concept may target multiple nodes and is technique-agnostic.
185603003 (Cervical smear - 1st recall)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)NMF.AH.XH is a precise match for the cervical smear procedure; the SNOMED concept adds the administrative qualifier "1st recall" (a repeat invitation following an initial non-response), which is not captured by the ICHI code.
51726004 (Cervicothoracic sympathectomy)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has separate cervical (ADB.JK.AA) and thoracic (ADC.JK.AA) sympathectomy codes but no single code for a combined cervicothoracic sympathectomy spanning both levels, so the catch-all is the broadest fitting code.
41059002 (Cesarean hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)A cesarean hysterectomy is a combined cesarean section followed by total abdominal hysterectomy; ICHI has no single code for the combined procedure, so the hysterectomy component is the closest single match but omits the obstetric delivery context.
450483001 (Cesarean section through inverted T shaped incision of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI's single caesarean section code does not differentiate incision shape (classical, low transverse, inverted-T, J-shaped); NME.JF.AA captures the procedure class but is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the inverted-T uterine incision variant.
450484007 (Cesarean section through J shaped incision of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI has no code distinguishing J-shaped uterine incision from other caesarean section incision types; NME.JF.AA is the appropriate but broader match.
1371301003 (Cesarean section with delivery of fetal head using forceps)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI has no code combining caesarean section with internal forceps assistance for fetal head delivery; NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery but is broader, not capturing the adjunct forceps maneuver.
225421002 (Change in body image counseling)maps to wider conceptAUL.PP.ZZ (Counselling for experience of self and time functions)"Experience of self and time functions" is the closest ICHI construct to body image — covering the mental function of self, identity, and body perception — but is broader than the specific body-image-counseling target of the SNOMED concept.
79165006 (Change of cystostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAI.KA.AA (Replacement of bladder device)A cystostomy tube is a device placed in the urinary bladder, so "Replacement of bladder device" is the best match; broader because it covers any bladder device replacement, not specifically a suprapubic cystostomy tube.
733923007 (Change of diaper)maps to wider conceptSMD.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of toileting)ICHI has no code specifically for changing a diaper/nappy; "Performing the task of toileting" is the closest functional equivalent, as diaper changing is a component of the toileting activity domain — broader because it covers all toileting task performance.
18949003 (Change of dressing)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "change of dressing" code; the closest match is application of a dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue, which captures the clinical action performed when changing a wound dressing — broader as it covers initial application as well as reapplication.
1230030004 (Change of patient gown)maps to wider conceptSME.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of dressing the person)SME.RA.ZZ covers the act of dressing/clothing a person as a supported activity, broader than the specific clinical task of changing a hospital patient gown; no more precise ICHI code exists for this nursing/care activity.
398219000 (Change of percutaneous biliary drainage catheter)maps to wider conceptKCM.KA.AD (Replacement of device in biliary duct)KCM.KA.AD covers replacement of any device in the biliary duct, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a percutaneous approach and a drainage catheter; a percutaneous-specific biliary device replacement code does not exist in ICHI.
180290000 (Change of plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)PZX.KB.AH captures replacement of an external immobilisation device (which includes plaster casts) but applies to unspecified body sites and all device types, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept of changing a plaster cast.
239663007 (Change of traction splint)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)PZX.KB.AH represents replacing an external immobilisation device, which captures replacing a traction splint; broader because it covers all external immobilisation devices (casts, braces, etc.), not specifically traction splints.
410541009 (Changing delivery booking place)maps to wider conceptNUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning)NUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning) is the closest ICHI concept covering planning decisions around childbirth, which logically encompasses changing the intended place of delivery; broader because it covers the full range of antenatal delivery planning.
173133004 (Changing of tracheo-esophageal valve)maps to wider conceptJBA.KA.AC (Replacement of tracheal device)JBA.KA.AC covers replacement of any device in the trachea, the structural site of a tracheoesophageal voice valve; broader as it encompasses any tracheal device replacement rather than specifically a voice prosthesis/valve.
1230093000 (Changing sanitary pad)maps to wider conceptUAD.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.KB.ZZ covers changing/replacement of any personal-use product, which subsumes changing a sanitary pad; broader as it applies to all personal daily-living products and does not specifically identify sanitary/menstrual hygiene products.
1230091003 (Changing urine bottle)maps to wider conceptUAD.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living)A urine bottle (urinal) is a personal-use assistive product for daily living; UAD.KB.ZZ encodes changing/replacing such a product, but is broader as it applies to any personal daily-living product, not specifically urine collection devices.
225143001 (Checking dressing of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AH captures the visual/tactile examination element of checking a wound dressing, but is broader because it covers any skin inspection, not specifically the act of checking an applied dressing for condition, adherence, or wound status.
225278008 (Checking for kinking of urinary catheter tubing)maps to wider conceptNT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for inspecting the physical state of urinary catheter tubing; observation of urinary functions is the closest available concept (the act of checking for kinking supports monitoring of urinary function), but is considerably broader.
225277003 (Checking for looping of urinary catheter tubing)maps to wider conceptNT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)As with kinking, ICHI has no specific code for checking catheter tubing for looping; observation of urinary functions is the same best-available proxy — an observational intervention on urinary function, far broader than this specific catheter-tubing positional check.
172436006 (Chelation of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)Chelation (chemical removal of calcium deposits from the cornea) is a specific form of corneal lesion destruction; BBB.GA.AH is the best available ICHI code but it is broader, covering all methods of destroying a corneal lesion rather than chelation specifically.
22132000 (Chemexfoliation of face)maps to wider conceptLAA.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision)Chemical exfoliation (chemical peel) of the face is a superficial chemical debridement of facial skin performed without incision, making LAA.JG.AH the best structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader — it covers the entire head and neck region and all methods of non-incisional debridement, not just chemical peeling of the face.
226076009 (Chemical analysis of nutrient intake)maps to wider conceptSMF.AB.ZZ (Measurement of food intake)Chemical analysis of nutrient intake is a specific quantitative measurement technique applied to dietary intake; SMF.AB.ZZ (Measurement of food intake) is the closest ICHI match and captures the measurement intent, but is broader as it encompasses all methods of measuring food intake rather than specifically chemical/laboratory analysis of nutrients.
37140006 (Chemical cauterization for destruction of lesion of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)The uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate, and ICHI does not have a separate uvula-specific destruction code — KAS.GA.AC covers destruction of the soft palate as a whole, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the uvula. The chemical means (cauterization) is also not captured in the ICHI code.
234679005 (Chemical cautery of gingival operculum)maps to wider conceptKAG.GA.AC (Destruction of gingiva)The gingival operculum is the flap of gum tissue overlying a partially erupted tooth; ICHI has no operculum-specific code, so KAG.GA.AC (destruction of gingiva) is the closest match. The ICHI code is broader — it covers all gingival destruction, not specifically the operculum, and does not encode the chemical means.
31944008 (Chemocauterization of corneal epithelium)maps to wider conceptBBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)BBB.GA.AH covers destruction of corneal lesions without specifying the method or limiting to the epithelium, making it broader than chemocauterization (chemical destruction) specifically of the corneal epithelium; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI category, sitting within the dedicated "Interventions on cornea" block (BlockL5-BBB).
314617008 (Chemoembolization of liver metastases)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)ICHI has no code specifically for chemoembolization (combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolisation targeting hepatic metastases); the best match is the generic liver lesion destruction code, which encompasses any technique used to destroy a liver lesion and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept. The arterial embolisation aspect (IEA.LA.AF covers abdominal/pelvic artery embolisation, not liver-specific) does not capture the targeted anti-tumour destruction intent as well as KCA.GA.AA.
4570007 (Chemopallidectomy)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)Chemopallidectomy is the chemical (stereotactic injection-based) destruction of the globus pallidus for movement disorder treatment; ICHI has no pallidus-specific or chemical-injection-specific destruction code. The closest available code is the generic brain tissue/lesion destruction code, which is broader, covering any technique and any brain target rather than the globus pallidus specifically.
40611005 (Chemosurgery of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)KBA.GA.AA covers destruction of oesophageal lesion or tissue by any modality, and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies chemical destruction specifically. ICHI does not distinguish the destructive means (chemical, thermal, laser, etc.) within this code, making it a wider match.
367336001 (Chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" is the closest procedural code for the act of delivering a chemotherapeutic agent, but it covers all pharmacotherapy routes and drug types — not specifically cytotoxic/antineoplastic agents — making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated chemotherapy code.
385786002 (Chemotherapy care)maps to wider conceptUAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)"Chemotherapy care" describes the broader provision of care around a chemotherapy regimen; the closest ICHI match is "Providing services in relation to medications," which covers service delivery around any medication, making it broader than the chemotherapy-specific SNOMED concept.
385785003 (Chemotherapy care assessment)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)The SNOMED concept focuses on assessing care specifically in the context of chemotherapy, while the ICHI code "Assessment of medications" covers assessment of any medication regimen and is therefore broader; no chemotherapy-specific assessment code exists in ICHI.
22733003 (Chemotherapy for non-malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI provides no code distinguishing chemotherapy for benign/non-malignant neoplasms from other pharmacotherapy; "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" is the nearest procedural code, but it is much broader, covering all pharmacotherapeutic administration regardless of indication or drug class.
311681003 (Chewing exercises)maps to wider conceptKTB.PH.ZZ (Training of ingestion functions)ICHI does not have a code specifically for chewing (mastication) exercises; KTB.PH.ZZ covers training of ingestion functions, which is the parent functional domain that includes chewing as one component. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about therapeutic chewing exercises.
185573005 (Child development - first default recall)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly, which encompasses the clinical content of a child developmental surveillance recall, but ICHI does not capture the "first recall" scheduling specificity or the administrative recall nature of this SNOMED concept.
185574004 (Child development - second default recall)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)Same reasoning as the first recall — ETM.AA.ZZ represents the underlying developmental assessment activity, but ICHI has no mechanism to distinguish sequential recall encounters, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
185575003 (Child development - third default recall)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)As with the first and second recalls, ETM.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for the developmental assessment content, but it does not capture the ordinal recall sequence encoded by this SNOMED concept.
243788004 (Child examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)PZA.AE.AH represents a physical examination of the whole body regardless of patient age, making it broader than the paediatric-specific "Child examination" concept; no age-restricted paediatric examination code exists in ICHI.
308411004 (Child immunization recall)maps to wider conceptVDA.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning immunisation behaviours)A "recall" is a proactive reminder sent to individuals to prompt them to get immunized, which maps most closely to an "alert concerning immunisation behaviours" in ICHI's health-service-related behaviours section. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any alert about immunisation behaviours (not specifically a recall targeting children), and does not encode the child population qualifier.
427954006 (Child psychoanalytic psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPQ (Psychotherapy)ICHI has no code specifically for psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a distinct modality; the action axis code PQ (Psychotherapy) is the closest match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the psychoanalytic technique and the child patient population. The target-specific psychotherapy codes (e.g. PZB.PQ.ZZ) describe the object of therapy rather than the therapeutic technique or patient age.
88099009 (Child security measures education)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)"Child security measures education" is an educational intervention aimed at promoting safety practices for children, which maps to the ICHI concept of education targeting safety-related behaviours. The ICHI code is broader as it covers unspecified safety-related education for any population, without specificity for children or the "security measures" framing.
386235000 (Childbirth preparation)maps to wider conceptNUG.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to childbirth)"Childbirth preparation" encompasses education and training provided to expectant parents to prepare for labour and delivery, which aligns well with NUG.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to childbirth). The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any education about childbirth functions rather than structured "preparation" programs specifically, though this is the closest available code.
252957005 (Children's hearing test)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)A children's hearing test is a functional hearing assessment, mapping well to CTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions). The ICHI code is wider because it applies to patients of any age and does not encode the paediatric context; the specific audiometric methodology (e.g. CTB.AB.ZZ Audiometry) could also be considered but CTB.AC.ZZ better represents a general hearing test without implying a specific technique.
18362009 (Chiropractic adjustment of hip subluxation)maps to wider conceptMLJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of hip joint)MLJ.PA.AH directly covers manual manipulation of the hip joint, which is the procedural action performed in a chiropractic adjustment of hip subluxation; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic discipline, the subluxation indication, or that the intent is corrective reduction of a subluxation.
64133005 (Chiropractic adjustment of knee subluxation)maps to wider conceptMMJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of knee joint)MMJ.PA.AH directly covers manual manipulation of the knee joint, which is the core action in a chiropractic adjustment of knee subluxation; as with the hip code, it is broader because it does not encode the chiropractic context, the subluxation indication, or the corrective purpose.
49332003 (Chiropractic adjustment of multiple cervical spine subluxations)maps to wider conceptMBA.PA.AH (Manipulation of cervical spine)MBA.PA.AH covers manipulation of the cervical spine, which is the anatomical target and procedural action in this SNOMED concept; it is wider because it does not encode the chiropractic discipline, the subluxation indication, or the fact that multiple levels are addressed in a single session.
84790009 (Chiropractic adjustment of multiple lumbar spine subluxations)maps to wider conceptMBM.PA.AH (Manipulation of lumbar spine)MBM.PA.AH covers manipulation of the lumbar spine, which encompasses chiropractic adjustment of lumbar subluxations, but the ICHI code does not specify the chiropractic profession, the subluxation concept, or the "multiple" qualifier — making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
29419003 (Chiropractic adjustment of single cervical spine subluxation)maps to wider conceptMBA.PA.AH (Manipulation of cervical spine)MBA.PA.AH covers manipulation of the cervical spine and is the best structural match, but it does not capture the chiropractic profession context, the subluxation concept, or the "single" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
33503006 (Chiropractic adjustment of single lumbar spine subluxation)maps to wider conceptMBM.PA.AH (Manipulation of lumbar spine)MBM.PA.AH is the best structural match for a lumbar spine manipulation/adjustment, but like the cervical equivalent it is broader — omitting the chiropractic profession context, subluxation concept, and "single" qualifier.
127812007 (Chiropractic adjustment of subluxation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PA.AH (Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a generic/unspecified chiropractic adjustment of a subluxation with no specified vertebral level; MBZ.PA.AH (vertebral manipulation, site unspecified) is the closest match, though it does not encode the chiropractic profession or the subluxation concept.
73575006 (Chiropractic consultation with history)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)A chiropractic consultation with history is primarily a structured clinical interview/history-taking session, and PZB.AN.ZZ captures that action on the whole person. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic professional context or that a consultation component accompanies the history.
58400001 (Chiropractic examination)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)A chiropractic examination is fundamentally a clinical assessment of the musculoskeletal system, making MZZ.AA.ZZ the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic clinical context or the full scope of neurological testing that may accompany such an examination.
2530001 (Chiropractic visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)A chiropractic visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific procedure, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ "Health management encounter, unspecified" is the closest ICHI equivalent for a general healthcare contact. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health encounter regardless of profession or specialty.
182548004 (Chiropraxy)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PA.AH (Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)Chiropraxy is a discipline whose defining clinical intervention is spinal/vertebral manipulation; ICHI has no chiropractic-specific code but MBZ.PA.AH captures the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because chiropractic practice encompasses assessment, soft-tissue work, and extremity manipulation beyond just unspecified vertebral manipulation.
1156314000 (Chloride salt modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no code for a specific low-chloride or salt-restricted diet; UAB.DA.ZZ "Food modification" sits in the "Interventions on food" block and is the best available match for any deliberate dietary modification. The ICHI code is considerably broader, covering any type of food modification rather than the specific chloride/salt restriction.
406828003 (Chloroacetate esterase stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Chloroacetate esterase (Leder) staining is a specific histochemical staining technique used in histopathological examination to identify myeloid cells. ICHI offers no staining-method-level code; XG30Q5 "Histopathology" is the closest encompassing category, though it is far broader than this one specific stain method.
252180003 (Chlorpromazine stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The chlorpromazine stimulation test is a pharmacological provocation test used to assess growth hormone or prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary, making it an endocrine function assessment. ICHI has no pharmacological stimulation test codes at this level of specificity; ETK.AA.ZZ is the nearest match, though it encompasses all endocrine gland function assessments rather than this specific drug-challenge test.
406533007 (Choice of medication education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating a patient on their choice of medication (i.e., shared decision-making about which medication to select). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the "choice/decision-making" dimension.
406532002 (Choice of services education)maps to wider conceptUE1.PM.ZZ (Education about services, systems and policies, unspecified)UE1.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for educating a person about services, but it is broader — it covers services/systems/policies in general and does not capture the shared decision-making or "choice" aspect that the SNOMED concept specifies.
432027005 (Cholecystostomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCF.JB.AA (Cholecystostomy)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fluoroscopically guided cholecystostomy — the only available codes are the unqualified open KCF.JB.AA and laparoscopic KCF.JB.AB, neither of which specifies fluoroscopic guidance as a means, so KCF.JB.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1258911006 (Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of calculus of biliary tract)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) delivered via choledochoscope is a specific form of endoscopic destruction targeting biliary calculi, which falls within this code's scope. However, ICHI does not distinguish the specific destruction modality (EHL vs laser vs other) or specify that the target lesion is a calculus rather than a soft-tissue lesion, making the ICHI code broader.
1287827009 (Choledochoscopy and dilation of common bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct)Endoscopic dilatation of the biliary duct captures the primary therapeutic action (dilation) performed via endoscopic/choledochoscopic means, matching the SNOMED concept well. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it also covers dilatation of the ampulla and does not restrict to the common bile duct specifically.
286079005 (Choledochostomy)maps to wider conceptKCM.FA.AA (Incision of bile duct)A choledochostomy is an open surgical incision into the common bile duct (typically with T-tube placement for drainage), and incision of the bile duct is the core operative step captured here. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that an ostomy/external drainage opening is created and also does not restrict to the common bile duct.
235860000 (Choledochostomy with removal of calculus)maps to wider conceptKCM.FA.AA (Incision of bile duct)Choledochostomy with stone removal involves incising the common bile duct and extracting a calculus; ICHI captures the incision of the bile duct but has no dedicated code for open bile duct exploration with calculus extraction (unlike the endoscopic counterpart). The ICHI code is substantially wider, missing both the calculus removal and the ostomy creation components.
543008 (Choledochostomy with transduodenal sphincteroplasty)maps to wider conceptKCM.MK.AA (Repair of bile duct)Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is a surgical reconstruction/repair of the sphincter of Oddi via a transduodenal approach, and repair of the bile duct is the closest available ICHI category covering this reconstructive component. The code is wider as it does not capture the combined choledochostomy or specify the transduodenal approach and sphincter-specific target.
173013001 (Chondroplasty of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.MK.AA (Repair of larynx)ICHI has no code specifically for laryngeal cartilage repair/reshaping; "Repair of larynx" (JAN.MK.AA) is the closest available code and encompasses chondroplasty of the larynx but is broader, covering any repair of laryngeal structures and not limited to the cartilaginous component.
252181004 (Chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no code for a chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation test specifically; the best available match is "Assessment of endocrine gland functions" (ETK.AA.ZZ), which covers functional endocrine testing in general but is considerably broader than this specific dynamic provocation test of gonadal/endocrine axis function.
437111000124109 (Chromium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI's "Food modification" covers the general concept of modifying food or diet, of which a chromium-specific modified diet is one particular instance. No chromium-specific or mineral-specific dietary modification code exists in ICHI.
170549007 (Chronic disease monitoring)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI lacks a specific chronic disease monitoring code; the closest available concept is the residual "Health management encounter, unspecified" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ), which broadly covers ongoing clinical encounters for managing health conditions, of which chronic disease monitoring is a specific form.
423167009 (Chronic disease process education)maps to wider conceptSMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health)SMH.PM.ZZ covers education directed at the activity of self-managing one's health, which encompasses education about living with and managing a chronic disease process; however, it is broader as it is not restricted to chronic disease and includes all health self-management education.
225230008 (Chronic peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE maps directly to peritoneal dialysis as a procedure on the peritoneum, but it does not distinguish chronic (ongoing/ambulatory) from acute peritoneal dialysis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the chronic modality.
86250007 (Cineplastic amputation)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JN.AA (Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)Cineplastic amputation is a specialized amputation technique in which a muscle tunnel is fashioned to mechanically power a prosthesis, but ICHI has no code for this technique-specific variant; the NEC amputation code MZZ.JN.AA is the broadest available amputation code and covers the procedure in principle while being wider than the specific cineplastic technique.
2811005 (Cineradiography of pharynx)maps to wider conceptKAR.BA.BA (X-ray of oral pharynx)Cineradiography is a dynamic (motion) X-ray technique, which is more specific than a plain X-ray, and is typically applied to the pharynx broadly (not restricted to the oral pharynx); KAR.BA.BA captures the imaging-of-pharynx intent but is broader as it does not reflect the dynamic/cine nature or the full pharyngeal scope. No dedicated ICHI code for fluoroscopic/cine imaging of the pharynx exists.
260653003 (Circumareolar incision)maps to wider conceptLCA.FA.AA (Mastotomy)ICHI's "Mastotomy" is the only breast incision code available, covering any incision into breast tissue, whereas a circumareolar incision is a specifically sited approach at the areolar margin used to access the breast. ICHI does not distinguish incision access routes at this level of detail.
35180003 (Circumcision by clamp procedure on newborn)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)ICHI has no dedicated circumcision code; the closest match is partial excision of the penis, under which circumcision (removal of the prepuce) falls as a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader and does not capture the clamp technique or the newborn patient context.
397203005 (Clamp and cautery of hemorrhoids)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)ICHI has no specific hemorrhoid destruction or hemorrhoidectomy code; KBX.GA.AC (destruction of lesion or tissue of anus, transanal) is the best available match, encompassing cautery/clamp destruction of hemorrhoidal tissue. The ICHI code is broader, covering any anorectal lesion destruction.
84195007 (Classical cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA is the single ICHI code for all caesarean deliveries and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the classical (vertical/midline uterine incision) technique as distinct from lower-segment caesarean section.
1153460009 (Cleaning of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JG.AC (Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for cleaning the tongue; "Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified" is the closest clinical act but covers the entire oral cavity rather than the tongue specifically.
1351344003 (Cleaning of wound of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "wound cleaning" code; irrigation of skin (LZZ.JA.AH) is the closest match as it represents non-incisional cleansing of skin tissue. The residual "not elsewhere classified" qualifier means this code is broader than the wound-specific SNOMED concept.
223368005 (Cleaning skin surrounding stoma)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for peristomal skin cleaning; "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified" is the closest available code, as peristomal skin care is a routine component of stoma management, but the ICHI code is substantially broader.
76942001 (Clearance rate measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)"Clearance rate" in clinical medicine most commonly refers to renal clearance (e.g., creatinine clearance, GFR); NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI match, though it is broader as it covers all urinary excretory function measurements.
26588003 (Clearance ratio measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Clearance ratio (such as the fractional excretion ratio) is a derived renal measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader and does not capture the comparative/ratio nature of this specific measurement.
38678006 (Client-centered psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeted at the whole person without specifying a theoretical modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the Rogerian client-centred approach.
252511003 (Clinical immunological test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)DTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of immunological system functions, which closely aligns with a clinical immunological test; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses any functional test of the immune system.
79696003 (Clipping of tip of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft palate)Clipping of the tip of the uvula is a partial excision of uvular tissue; ICHI groups the uvula within the soft palate block (KAS) and offers KAS.JJ.AA as the closest partial-excision code, since there is no separate uvula-specific partial excision code.
45687004 (Clomiphene test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)The clomiphene citrate challenge test is a dynamic hormonal stimulation test used to assess ovarian reserve and fertility-related endocrine function; NUD.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the specific pharmacological challenge test.
252183001 (Clonidine stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The clonidine stimulation test is a dynamic pharmacological challenge used to assess growth hormone (pituitary) secretion. ICHI has no code specific to clonidine or dynamic stimulation tests, so ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is considerably broader.
225415001 (Close observation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)"Close observation" is a clinical activity of intensively watching a patient for changes in condition; PZB.AM.ZZ is the nearest ICHI concept covering unspecified observation of a patient as a whole, though it does not capture the heightened-vigilance intensity.
440226001 (Closed manual reduction of articular fracture of interphalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)MGJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of any finger or hand joint, which captures the interphalangeal joint location and the closed reduction procedure, but does not distinguish the articular fracture context or specify which interphalangeal joint.
440558007 (Closed manual reduction of articular fracture of metacarpophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)MGJ.LD.AH encompasses closed reduction of any finger or hand joint and covers the metacarpophalangeal joint anatomically, but is broader because it does not specify the metacarpophalangeal joint or the articular fracture nature.
440530004 (Closed manual reduction of dislocation of interphalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)MGJ.LD.AH matches the target (finger/hand joint including the interphalangeal joint) and the procedure type (closed reduction), but is broader as it does not distinguish dislocation from fracture reduction nor specify which interphalangeal joint.
440627004 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of distal lateral condyle of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH correctly captures closed reduction of the femur bone via the non-surgical approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish the specific anatomical sub-site (distal lateral condyle).
439425009 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of distal medial condyle of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur, which encompasses the distal medial condyle as a sub-site, but the ICHI code does not specify the medial condyle location or the articular fracture nature.
439423002 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of head of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI covers closed reduction of the femur as a whole bone, without distinguishing the head as a specific sub-region. The SNOMED concept specifies both the closed/manual approach and the anatomical sub-site (femoral head).
440341003 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of head of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI groups the radius and ulna together as "bone of forearm" without distinguishing the radial head specifically. The SNOMED concept is more specific in both the bone (radius) and the sub-region (head).
439989007 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of neck of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI does not distinguish the neck of the radius from other forearm bones; "bone of forearm" is the closest available code. The SNOMED concept is more specific in anatomical sub-site.
439988004 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of phalanx of foot)maps to wider conceptMOB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe)ICHI covers the entire foot and toe skeleton collectively under "bone of foot or toe," while the SNOMED concept specifies the phalanx, making the ICHI code broader but a good anatomical fit.
439365009 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of posterior malleolus)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of tibia or fibula)The posterior malleolus is the posterior lip of the distal tibia, so "closed reduction of tibia or fibula" is the anatomically correct ICHI code. ICHI does not distinguish the malleolar sub-region.
439937002 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of shaft of femur and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur generically, without specifying the fracture site (shaft) or the additional procedure of skeletal traction. ICHI does not have a combined reduction-plus-traction code.
439217005 (Closed manual reduction of fracture of shaft of femur and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH represents closed reduction of the femur without distinguishing the shaft location or the type of traction (skin vs. skeletal) applied as a complementary measure.
440361009 (Closed manual reduction of intertrochanteric fracture of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH captures closed reduction of the femur as a whole; ICHI does not offer a code specific to the intertrochanteric region, so the anatomical specificity of this SNOMED concept is lost in the mapping.
440572003 (Closed manual reduction of peritrochanteric fracture of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI has no code distinguishing the peritrochanteric region; MLB.LD.AH is the closest available code and is broader, covering closed reduction of the femur without fracture-site specificity.
463004 (Closed reduction of coxofemoral joint dislocation with splint)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip (coxofemoral) joint, which matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code does not capture the "with splint" immobilisation detail.
58825001 (Closed reduction of dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is itself a non-site-specific closed reduction of a dislocation, and MRJ.LD.AH is the matching ICHI residual/unspecified-site code for closed joint reduction; functionally these are near-equivalent.
86052008 (Closed reduction of fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.LD.AH is the ICHI residual code for closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, which maps well to the generic SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any bone reduction rather than being fracture-specific.
360515001 (Closed reduction of fracture and application of plaster cast)maps to wider conceptPZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept combines fracture reduction and cast application; PZX.LC.AH captures the cast application but does not represent the reduction manoeuvre, and is broader in covering splints and any body site.
708907008 (Closed reduction of fracture of pelvis and internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of pelvis)ICHI has a direct code for closed reduction of the pelvis, capturing the fracture reduction component precisely; however, ICHI does not combine the internal fixation step into this same code.
708903007 (Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone nail)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH matches the closed reduction component, but ICHI does not have a combined closed-reduction-plus-intramedullary-nail-fixation code; the bone nail and internal fixation step are absent.
708898008 (Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone screw)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH represents the closed reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation and the specific instrument (bone screw).
708900005 (Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone wire)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation or the specific means (bone wire/cerclage wire).
699143006 (Closed reduction of injury of epiphyseal growth plate of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI has no code specific to the epiphyseal growth plate; MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur broadly, encompassing this procedure but without capturing the epiphyseal target specificity.
239290005 (Closed reduction of intracapsular fracture of neck of femur and fixation using Smith-Petersen nail)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI has no code for intracapsular neck-of-femur fracture reduction with nail fixation; MLB.LD.AH is the closest available code but does not capture the intracapsular fracture site, the concurrent internal fixation, or the specific Smith-Petersen nail instrument.
313330006 (Closed reduction of intracapsular fracture of neck of femur and internal fixation using a dynamic hip screw)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI lacks a code that combines closed reduction of an intracapsular neck-of-femur fracture with dynamic hip screw fixation; MLB.LD.AH is the best available match but is significantly broader, omitting both the fracture sub-site and the fixation component.
42708009 (Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI does not have a code specific to reduction of a separated epiphysis (physeal separation/Salter-Harris injury) of the femur; MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur as a whole and is wider than this anatomically and pathologically specific SNOMED concept.
25605000 (Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of humerus)maps to wider conceptMEB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of humerus)ICHI has no code specific to epiphyseal separation of the humerus; MEB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the humerus in general, making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies a physeal separation injury at the humeral epiphysis.
71849005 (Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of radius AND ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI covers closed reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna, or both), aligning with the procedural action and target, but the ICHI code does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other displacement types.
65721004 (Closed reduction of separation of epiphysis of fibula)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of tibia or fibula)The ICHI code represents closed reduction of the fibula but groups it with tibia as a single paired-bone category, and does not restrict to epiphyseal separation.
26381005 (Closed reduction of separation of epiphysis of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of tibia or fibula)ICHI represents closed reduction at the tibia but the code encompasses both tibia and fibula as a unit and does not specify epiphyseal separation.
264966006 (Closure of congenital umbilical defect)maps to wider conceptPAO.MK.AA (Repair of umbilical hernia)PAO.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for a structural umbilical wall defect repair; however, it is broader because it does not specify congenital aetiology and is framed around hernia rather than a congenital defect specifically.
37245008 (Closure of duodenostomy)maps to wider conceptPTB.LA.AC (Closure of enterostomy)ICHI has no specific code for closure of a duodenostomy; PTB.LA.AC is the best available match as duodenostomy is a type of enterostomy, but the ICHI code is broader, covering closure of any enterostomy.
38213000 (Closure of intestinal cutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for closure of an intestinal-cutaneous fistula; "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified" is the closest available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fistula between intestine and skin.
16143009 (Closure of jejunostomy)maps to wider conceptPTB.LA.AC (Closure of enterostomy)ICHI's "Closure of enterostomy" covers closure of any surgically created bowel opening (including jejunostomy, ileostomy, and colostomy), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies closure of a jejunostomy.
33131006 (Closure of nephrocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptNAA.MK.AA (Repair of kidney)ICHI has no specific code for nephrocutaneous fistula closure; NAA.MK.AA is the closest available code encompassing repair procedures on the kidney, but is broader as it covers all forms of kidney repair, not fistula closure specifically.
234894007 (Closure of palatal fistula)maps to wider conceptKAT.MK.AA (Repair of hard palate)ICHI has no dedicated palatal fistula closure code; KAT.MK.AA is the best match since palatal fistulas most commonly involve the hard palate (e.g., post-cleft palate), but the code is broader as it covers all hard palate repairs without specificity to fistula closure.
445089003 (Closure of patent ductus arteriosus using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIJ.LA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal arterial duct closure with transluminal device)HIJ.LA.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach to PDA closure, which aligns with the fluoroscopically guided technique; however, ICHI does not encode the specific imaging modality (fluoroscopy with contrast).
232478006 (Closure of perforation of septum of nose with labial graft)maps to wider conceptJAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty)ICHI has no specific code for closure of nasal septal perforation using a graft; JAB.ML.AC is the closest within the nasal septum block as it covers reconstructive interventions on the nasal septum, but does not capture the specific technique of perforation repair with a labial graft.
391906003 (Closure of skin by suture)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no body-part-unspecified skin repair code that also specifies the technique (suture); LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin not elsewhere classified regardless of body region or means.
1287699001 (Closure of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope.
1287700000 (Closure of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies neck skin only; the ICHI code is the most specific available but is broader.
233239002 (Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt)maps to wider conceptIDM.LA.AA (Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion)IDM.LA.AA captures the core clinical intent of surgically occluding a systemic-to-pulmonary connection, but ICHI does not distinguish between closure of a surgically created shunt versus a native collateral artery.
698644009 (Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt by division)maps to wider conceptIDM.LA.AA (Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion)IDM.LA.AA is the closest available code, but ICHI does not encode the specific technique of division (cutting and separating the vessel).
698645005 (Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt by ligation)maps to wider conceptIDM.LA.AA (Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion)IDM.LA.AA covers surgical occlusion of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial connections but does not distinguish ligation as the specific occlusion technique.
173069005 (Closure of tracheocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptJBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea)ICHI has no dedicated code for tracheocutaneous fistula closure; "Repair of trachea" is the closest code in the trachea block, but it covers any tracheal repair and does not specify the fistula type.
72749003 (Closure of ureterocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)ICHI contains no specific code for ureterocutaneous fistula closure; "Repair of ureter" is the best available code in the ureter block, but is broader and does not capture the fistulous tract to the skin.
763092002 (Closure of urethral fistula with preputial flap)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)No ICHI code exists for urethral fistula closure specifically; "Reconstruction of urethra" is the closest match but does not capture the fistula-specific indication or the preputial flap technique.
313392000 (Cluster of differentiation antigen count procedure)maps to wider conceptXG0RS1 (CD4 cell enumeration)XG0RS1 covers CD4 cell enumeration specifically, while the SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing any CD antigen (CD4, CD8, CD20, etc.); from the SNOMED perspective the equivalence is "wider" because ICHI is more specific.
1287541008 (Coagulation of brain tissue)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of brain tissue by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes coagulation; the ICHI code encompasses all destruction modalities (laser, radiation, coagulation, etc.).
1287590008 (Coagulation of cervix using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)NMF.GA.AC represents destruction of cervical tissue by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies electrocoagulation of the cervix; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all destructive modalities.
27446000 (Coagulation or electrocoagulation of gasserian ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The gasserian ganglion (semilunar/trigeminal ganglion) is a cranial nerve ganglion, and electrocoagulation is a form of percutaneous destruction. AAN.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any cranial nerve or ganglion, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the exact structure and technique.
437121000124101 (Cobalt modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest available code covering interventions that alter dietary content, but it is far broader than a cobalt-specific modified diet. No ICHI code exists for trace-element-specific dietary modification, so the general food modification code is the best available match.
228544000 (Cognitive intervention strategies)maps to wider conceptAUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)"Cognitive intervention strategies" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any strategy aimed at cognitive functioning; AUH.PH.ZZ represents structured training targeting higher-level cognitive functions, which is one common implementation but does not encompass the full range of cognitive intervention strategies (compensatory strategies, environmental adaptations, counselling).
311617007 (Cognitive neuropsychological language therapy)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)AUI.PH.ZZ captures training of language mental functions, which corresponds well to the language therapy dimension. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the specifically neuropsychological or cognitive theoretical framing implied by the SNOMED concept.
702474001 (Cognitive rehabilitation therapy)maps to wider conceptAUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)Cognitive rehabilitation is fundamentally about restoring/training higher-level cognitive functions (attention, memory, executive function), making AUH.PH.ZZ a strong fit. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the rehabilitative (post-injury/illness restoration) context.
252496009 (Cold dental pulp vitality test)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no specific code for pulp vitality testing (thermal/cold stimulus testing of the dental pulp); the closest available code is KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination), which is wider as it encompasses all forms of dental examination, not just cold pulp sensibility testing.
229585002 (Cold pack treatment)maps to wider conceptPZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)Cold pack treatment is a specific localised surface cooling modality applied to a body part. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any cooling method applied to any peripheral site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the cold pack modality.
88532006 (Cold water bath hydrotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)Cold water bath hydrotherapy involves full-body immersion in water for therapeutic effect, which maps well to hydrotherapy with full immersion. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the water is cold — it covers any temperature of full-immersion hydrotherapy.
713143008 (Collection of arterial blood specimen)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general without distinguishing the vessel type (arterial vs. venous vs. capillary). The SNOMED concept is more specific — arterial puncture — so the ICHI code is broader. No arterial-specific blood sampling code exists in ICHI.
446860008 (Collection of cerebrospinal fluid via ventriculoperitoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.AH.XE (Specimen collection from ventricles of brain)The SNOMED concept specifies collection via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (a shunt tap, a specific access route), whereas the ICHI code covers any specimen collection from the brain ventricles without specifying the shunt approach. The ICHI code is therefore broader.
472917009 (Collection of device for submission as specimen)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for collecting a removed implant or device for laboratory analysis; PZX.AH.ZZ is the closest available residual specimen-collection code but is broader as it covers any unclassified specimen collection regardless of whether the specimen is a device or biological material.
768966009 (Collection of device tip)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for collecting a catheter or device tip as a microbiology specimen; the residual PZX.AH.ZZ is the best available fit, but it is considerably broader, covering any unclassified specimen collection site and material.
66904006 (Collection of expired gas, quantitative)maps to wider conceptJTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of respiration function)Quantitative collection and analysis of expired gas (e.g., metabolic cart, indirect calorimetry) is fundamentally a measurement of respiratory function; JTB.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it encompasses any respiratory function measurement rather than the specific technique of expired-gas collection.
764928002 (Collection of fluid specimen)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists for generic fluid specimen collection — the only fluid-specific specimen codes cover named body fluids (pleural, peritoneal, amniotic). PZX.AH.ZZ is the NEC catch-all for specimen collection at any unspecified site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
310216004 (Collection of sample from mouth)maps to wider conceptKAR.AH.XF (Specimen collection from oropharynx)KAR.AH.XF covers specimen collection from the oropharynx, which is the closest ICHI category to an oral/buccal swab; the SNOMED concept targets the mouth broadly (buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue) rather than specifically the oropharynx. KAR is noted in ICHI as also carrying a "(proposed)" alias of "Specimen collection from mouth", making it the best available match.
439599008 (Collection of specimen by device)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for device-mediated specimen collection as a distinct concept; PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual "specimen collection NEC" category which covers the generic act of collection but is broader because it does not encode the device means and is not site-specific.
698087006 (Collection of urine via indwelling suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection generally without encoding the route (suprapubic indwelling catheter vs. clean-catch vs. urethral catheter), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the exact collection method and access point.
446775007 (Collection of urine via indwelling urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection generically, without specifying the route or instrument (indwelling catheter). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the "via indwelling urinary catheter" detail that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from other urine collection methods.
705156009 (Collection of urine via straight catheter)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB is the only ICHI code for urine specimen collection and does not distinguish between straight (in-and-out) catheterisation and other collection routes, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
176126008 (Colonic urinary bladder replacement)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)NAI.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for major bladder reconstruction surgery; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the replacement involves a colonic segment (colocystoplasty/orthotopic neobladder).
446521004 (Colonoscopy and excision of mucosa of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon)KBP.JI.AD is the best available ICHI match for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of the colon, covering endoscopic local excision of a colonic lesion. It is slightly broader because it does not restrict the resected tissue specifically to mucosa, and the colonoscopy component is implicit in the endoscopic means axis.
423736003 (Color Doppler ultrasound)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Color Doppler ultrasound is a specific ultrasound technique applied to vascular structures, but ICHI does not have a dedicated code for Doppler modality without a specific body-site target; IZE.BA.BJ is the most applicable residual vascular ultrasound code, though it is broader as it covers all ultrasound modalities of unspecified blood vessels and does not capture the Doppler/color-flow specificity.
7510005 (Color vision examination)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Color vision examination (e.g., Ishihara plate testing for color blindness) is a functional test of the visual system; BTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of seeing functions broadly under the visual system chapter, which is the closest available ICHI code, but it is wider as it encompasses all tests of seeing functions rather than color discrimination specifically.
183207009 (Colostomy bag fitting)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Colostomy bag fitting is the practical application/attachment of an ostomy appliance to a colostomy stoma; PTD.SN.AC covers management of stoma NEC under the "interventions on artificial body structures" chapter, which is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, encompassing all stoma management activities rather than specifically the fitting/application of a collection bag.
236850003 (Colpocleisis)maps to wider conceptNMH.LA.AC (Obliteration of vaginal vault)Colpocleisis (Le Fort procedure) is surgical closure/obliteration of the vaginal canal for uterovaginal or post-hysterectomy prolapse, which maps well to NMH.LA.AC. The ICHI code specifically names the vault and may not encompass the full-length colpocleisis variants, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
57411006 (Colpoperineorrhaphy following delivery)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)Colpoperineorrhaphy following delivery combines vaginal wall repair and perineal repair as a combined postpartum procedure; ICHI has PAW.MK.AA (repair of perineum) and NMH.MK.AA (repair of vagina) as separate codes with no combined entry and no obstetric-specific modifier. PAW.MK.AA is chosen as the primary component but is wider since it does not capture the combined vaginal and postpartum nature.
112915001 (Colpopexy by abdominal approach)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AA (Vaginal suspension and fixation)Colpopexy (sacrocolpopexy) by abdominal approach is well captured by NMH.LC.AA "Vaginal suspension and fixation," which encodes the target (vagina), action (LC = suspension/fixation), and open abdominal approach (AA). The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses all vaginal suspension methods without specifying the sacrum attachment or abdominal route.
176771009 (Colposcopic laser destruction of lesion of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix)NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of a cervical lesion, matching the therapeutic intent, but the ICHI code does not encode the laser modality or the colposcopic guidance that specifically characterise the SNOMED procedure. The ICHI code is therefore wider, subsuming multiple destruction techniques (cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, etc.).
736704001 (Columelloplasty)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI has no code specific to the nasal columella; JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nose as a whole, which is broader than columelloplasty (reconstruction limited to the nasal columella). The columella is represented only as an extension/qualifier code (XA4S17) with no dedicated procedure category.
428908000 (Combined photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A light therapy to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)PUVA (psoralen + UVA) is a specific form of phototherapy involving a photosensitising drug combined with UVA light; LZZ.SC.AH covers phototherapy to skin NEC and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not distinguish UVA from other wavelengths, nor does it capture the combined photochemotherapy component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
428083009 (Combined photochemotherapy and ultraviolet B light therapy to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)PUVB (psoralen + UVB) is a specific combined photochemotherapy modality; LZZ.SC.AH is the best available ICHI code for phototherapy to skin NEC, but it subsumes all phototherapy wavelengths and does not encode the combined photosensitiser drug component, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
252184007 (Combined pituitary function test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The SNOMED concept is a specific combined stimulation test targeting the anterior pituitary (e.g., insulin tolerance test combined with TRH/GnRH), whereas ICHI's ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all endocrine gland functions without specificity to the pituitary or to combined testing protocols. No pituitary-specific assessment code exists in ICHI, so the endocrine gland functions assessment is the closest available code but remains broader.
391114008 (Combined reversibility)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)"Combined reversibility" in clinical practice refers to bronchodilator reversibility testing (spirometry before and after bronchodilator), which is a test of respiratory function; ICHI JTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available code but applies to any test of respiration function and does not capture the combined/reversibility-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
385895000 (Comfort care assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated palliative or comfort care assessment code. "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, covering all general health assessments rather than the specific comfort/palliative context.
450938008 (Commissurotomy of heart valve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI has valvotomy/dilatation codes only for individually named valves (e.g., HDF.LG.AA closed mitral valvotomy, HDG.LG.AA closed pulmonary valvotomy), with no cross-valve commissurotomy category. The block "Interventions on heart valves" (BlockL4-HDE) is the only available representation that spans all heart valves, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
424085009 (Community outreach worker service case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" in ICHI covers the coordination of a patient's care across providers and services, which captures the core function of community outreach worker case management. However, ICHI's code is broader as it does not specify the community outreach worker delivery modality or the community-based setting.
423944008 (Community outreach worker services surveillance)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)Community outreach worker surveillance activities are a form of population-level public health surveillance, making UBC.VC.ZZ the best structural fit. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the community outreach worker delivery mechanism or the community-targeted scope.
405932002 (Compartmentectomy)maps to wider conceptMRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)A compartmentectomy is the surgical excision of a muscle compartment (muscle and surrounding fascia, typically for soft-tissue sarcoma), and MRM.JJ.AA "Excision of muscle of unspecified site" is the closest available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for compartment-level resection, so the code is broader and lacks site and compartment specificity.
250200001 (Complement activation measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)Complement activation is a component of the immunological system, and DTB.AB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code covering measurement of immunological system functions. However, this ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all immunological measurements rather than specifically complement pathway activation.
104151002 (Complement lysis sensitivity test, RBC)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)The Ham test (acid lysis of RBCs to detect PNH via complement sensitivity) is a functional test of the complement/immunological system; DTB.AC.ZZ ("Test of functions of the immunological system") is the best-fitting code using the Test action (AC), but it is far broader than this specific erythrocyte complement sensitivity assay.
9564003 (Complete blood count with white cell differential, automated)maps to wider conceptXG2XJ6 (Complete blood count automated)XG2XJ6 directly maps to an automated complete blood count, which aligns well with the automated CBC concept; however, the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the white cell differential component while the ICHI code does not specify whether a differential is included, making ICHI slightly broader.
237311001 (Complete breech delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI does not have a specific code for breech vaginal delivery; "Vaginal delivery" (NME.JF.AC) is the closest available code but covers all vaginal deliveries regardless of fetal presentation. The SNOMED concept is a specific subset (complete breech presentation) of this broader ICHI category.
50339005 (Complete laryngectomy with radical neck dissection, synchronous thyroidectomy and synchronous tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.JK.AA (Complete laryngectomy)ICHI has a code for complete laryngectomy (JAN.JK.AA) but no single code encodes the full compound procedure (with synchronous radical neck dissection, thyroidectomy, and tracheostomy); the laryngectomy is the principal/defining component, making this a wider match. The additional components (DFB.JL.AA radical neck dissection, EBA.JK.AA complete thyroidectomy, JBA.LI.AA tracheostomy) would each need separate ICHI codes to fully represent the SNOMED concept.
303609002 (Complete removal of fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no dedicated code for removal of a fixed orthodontic appliance (debonding); the closest match is KAE.SM.AC "Management of external appliance of tooth," which is a broad management category covering adjustment, repair, and removal of external dental appliances. The SNOMED concept is a specific removal action within this broader management code.
175140001 (Complete removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of pacemaker or defibrillator systems via open approach, which aligns well with "complete removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system." The ICHI code is slightly wider as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not specify "complete" removal; however it is the closest available match for this procedure.
401277000 (Completion of mental health crisis plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)No ICHI code exists for a mental health crisis plan specifically; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) is the closest match as it represents the creation of a person-centred plan as a health intervention. The ICHI code is broader, covering any individualised planning rather than specifically a mental health crisis plan.
6543003 (Complicated catheterization of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD covers any insertion of a device (including a catheter) into the urinary bladder via an endoscopic/transurethral approach, which captures the core act of urinary bladder catheterisation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish "complicated" catheterisation from routine catheterisation, nor does ICHI have a specific "complicated" qualifier for this procedure.
783295000 (Composite autograft of skin and soft tissues to head)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the head or neck region using any graft type, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a composite autograft (skin plus soft tissue, autologous source) to the head specifically. The ICHI code does not capture the composite (multi-tissue) nature or the autograft qualifier, making it wider.
783294001 (Composite autograft of skin and soft tissues to neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA is the same code used for the head variant and covers both head and neck together as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the neck alone as the destination site; the ICHI code is also broader in not specifying the composite autograft nature of the procedure.
33500009 (Composite bypass graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no concept for a composite (multi-segment) bypass graft specifically; the closest available code is the residual "bypass of artery, not elsewhere classified," which is broader in target specificity and does not capture the composite construction of the conduit. A body-region-specific code (e.g. HIA.LI.AA for coronary artery bypass) could be more precise if the anatomical site were known, but given the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified and describes a graft construction type, IZA.LI.AA is the best available fit.
200619008 (Comprehensive interview and evaluation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest ICHI match to a comprehensive interview and evaluation, but it is broader — it does not specify that the assessment is conducted via interview, and "comprehensive" implies a more structured multi-domain evaluation than a generic health assessment. PZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person) captures the interview method but omits the evaluative component, making PZB.AA.ZZ the better overall fit despite the wider equivalence.
439999002 (Compression repair of arterial pseudoaneurysm using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for ultrasound-guided compression repair of a pseudoaneurysm; the procedure is a non-surgical repair technique that can be conceptualised as arterial reconstruction, making IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified) the closest structural match. However, this code is significantly broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the compression technique, or the pseudoaneurysm pathology, and reconstruction (ML) in ICHI typically implies more invasive intervention.
709201008 (Compression suturing of uterus for atonic postpartum hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptNME.MK.AA (Repair of uterus)Compression suturing (e.g., B-Lynch suture) is a specific surgical technique to mechanically compress the atonic uterus and arrest postpartum haemorrhage, which falls within the broad category of uterine repair. ICHI has no dedicated code for uterine compression suturing or postpartum haemorrhage control of the uterus, making "Repair of uterus" the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
133883001 (Computer assisted image analysis)maps to wider conceptPZX.BA.BL (Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified)PZX.BA.BL covers image capture and analysis performed on any site not elsewhere classified, which encompasses computer-assisted image analysis as a technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the computer-assisted nature, and its "not elsewhere classified" qualifier places it at a residual/catch-all level rather than being purpose-built for this concept.
68143003 (Cone biopsy of cervix with dilation, curettage and with repair)maps to wider conceptNMF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of cervix)Cone biopsy (conization) of the cervix is a form of local excision of cervical tissue, making NMF.JI.AC the closest available ICHI match. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the additional components of dilation and curettage of the cervical canal and the subsequent repair that are integral to this compound procedure.
419709005 (Conjunctival autograft to conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no dedicated code for conjunctival autografting; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the broadest applicable code under the conjunctiva block and encompasses surgical restoration of conjunctival tissue, but it does not specify autograft as the technique or distinguish graft source. BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac) is too anatomically specific.
66655001 (Conjunctival flap, bridge)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)A bridge (bipedicle) conjunctival flap is a surgical repair technique for the conjunctiva with no dedicated ICHI code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available code, encompassing flap-based conjunctival repairs. ICHI does not distinguish flap subtypes (bridge vs. pedicle vs. partial) at the category level.
112957007 (Conjunctival flap, partial)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)A partial conjunctival flap is another variant of conjunctival surgical repair not individually coded in ICHI; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available match for the same reason as concept 66655001, covering the family of conjunctival flap procedures without flap-type specificity.
54766001 (Conjunctival flap, total)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no specific code for a conjunctival flap procedure; "Repair of conjunctiva" (BBA.MK.AA) is the closest available code in the conjunctiva interventions block, but it is broader — it covers any repair technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a total conjunctival flap (a specific reconstructive technique, e.g., Gundersen flap). No separate "flap" or "transposition" code exists under the conjunctiva block.
7798001 (Conjunctivoplasty with conjunctival graft)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI contains no dedicated code for conjunctivoplasty or conjunctival grafting; "Repair of conjunctiva" (BBA.MK.AA) is the best available match within the conjunctiva interventions block. It is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a plasty procedure using a conjunctival graft as the reconstructive means.
175791008 (Connection of vena cava or branch of vena cava)maps to wider conceptIZD.LB.AA (Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes a connection (anastomosis) of the vena cava or one of its branches, which may involve either the superior or inferior vena cava or tributaries not individually classified in ICHI. While ICHI has specific codes for superior vena cava (HIB) and inferior vena cava (HIC) interventions, none of those includes a generic "anastomosis" code, and "Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified" (IZD.LB.AA) best covers the broader concept including unspecified vena caval branches; it is wider because it encompasses all veins.
435651000124106 (Consistent carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI does not have a specific code for a consistent carbohydrate dietary pattern; "Prescription of food" is the closest concept, covering the clinical act of prescribing a specific food/nutritional regimen, but it is broader than the targeted carbohydrate-controlled diet intended by the SNOMED concept.
1055202002 (Consistent protein and/or protein derivative diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)As with the carbohydrate diet concept, ICHI lacks a code specific to a protein-controlled therapeutic diet; "Prescription of food" is the best available match but is broadly applicable to any food prescription rather than capturing the protein-specific therapeutic intent.
816151001 (Consolidation antineoplastic chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no chemotherapy-specific or antineoplastic codes; "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" captures the act of administering a drug systemically but loses all specificity around the antineoplastic agent, the consolidation phase intent, and the oncological context.
389082000 (Constipation care)maps to wider conceptKTK.RB.ZZ (Practical support with defaecation function)KTK.RB.ZZ covers practical support directed at defaecation function (the functional domain most directly relevant to constipation care), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all defaecation support, not only care aimed at constipation specifically.
27926003 (Construction of artificial larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.DN.AA (Implantation of device into larynx)JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx, which encompasses construction/placement of an artificial (prosthetic) larynx, but it is broader because it also includes other laryngeal device implantations unrelated to a prosthetic larynx; no more specific ICHI code exists for artificial larynx construction.
51609001 (Construction of artificial pharyngeal valve)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)ICHI has no specific code for constructing an artificial pharyngeal valve (a procedure typically used for velopharyngeal insufficiency). KAR.ML.AA "Reconstruction of oral pharynx" is the closest anatomical match but is broader, as it covers all pharyngeal reconstruction rather than specifically the construction of a valvular structure.
24914003 (Construction of canthorrhaphy with transposition of tarsal plate)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI does not contain a specific code for canthorrhaphy or tarsal plate transposition. BAA.ML.AA "Reconstruction of eyelid" is the best available match as it covers surgical reconstruction of the eyelid structures, but it is broader than this specific procedure involving canthus closure with tarsal plate transposition.
398235007 (Construction of cecostomy)maps to wider conceptKBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)ICHI has no dedicated cecostomy code; the cecum has no specific interventional block and is covered under the general colon block (KBP). KBP.LI.AA "Colostomy" is the closest structural analogue — both are surgically created openings of large bowel to the abdominal surface — but it is broader and non-specific to the cecum.
236203002 (Construction of continent urinary reservoir)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)NAE.LI.AA "Urinary diversion" covers all forms of urinary diversion including continent reservoirs (e.g., Kock pouch, Indiana pouch), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish continent from incontinent diversions. No ICHI code specific to continent urinary reservoir construction exists.
442190001 (Construction of external stoma of urinary system)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)Creating an external urinary stoma (e.g., ureterostomy or ileal conduit) is a form of urinary diversion, which is what NAE.LI.AA represents; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of urinary diversion and does not specify that the output is an external cutaneous stoma.
780898009 (Construction of interposition anastomosis of femoro-popliteal artery graft using tissue engineered blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)The SNOMED concept describes a highly specific femoro-popliteal bypass using an interposition graft constructed from a tissue-engineered blood vessel, whereas IFA.LI.AA covers any bypass of a lower limb artery regardless of graft material or technique. IFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb) was considered but bypass is the more precise functional description; ICHI has no code specific to tissue-engineered grafts or popliteal artery at this level.
41258003 (Construction of median tarsorrhaphy with transposition of tarsal plate)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)Tarsorrhaphy with tarsal plate transposition is a reconstructive eyelid procedure involving partial eyelid fusion and structural rearrangement of the tarsal plate, which falls within eyelid reconstruction; ICHI has no dedicated tarsorrhaphy code, and BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid) is the closest available code, though it is broader than this specific surgical technique.
1340024002 (Construction of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.MA.AA (Construction of external female genitalia)NMI.MA.AA covers construction of the entire external female genitalia, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the vulva. The vulva is the primary component of the external female genitalia, making this the closest available code, but it encompasses a slightly larger anatomical scope.
421946003 (Consultation for acute pain)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)ICHI has no consultation code nor any distinction between acute and chronic pain; AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) captures the evaluative intent of a pain consultation most closely, but it is broader because it does not restrict to acute pain and "assessment" subsumes rather than equals a clinical consultation encounter.
420454001 (Consultation for chronic pain)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)As with the acute pain consultation, ICHI does not distinguish consultation encounter types or chronicity of pain; AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available code representing a clinical evaluation of pain, but it is broader and lacks specificity to chronic pain or the consultation modality.
445301000124102 (Content-related nutrition education)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ ("Education about food") is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes content-focused nutrition education (i.e. education about what to eat, dietary composition). The ICHI code covers any education about food including safety, security, and access.
416686006 (Continence assessment)maps to wider conceptNTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urination functions)"Continence assessment" focuses specifically on evaluating bladder and bowel control, and urination function assessment is the closest ICHI code available. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers urination functions generally, while continence assessment may also encompass bowel continence.
243105005 (Continent urinary diversion care education)maps to wider conceptNT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept describes patient education specifically about the management and care of a continent urinary diversion (e.g., Mitrofanoff or ileal reservoir). The best matching ICHI code captures education about urinary functions broadly; ICHI lacks a specific code for urinary diversion education.
238318009 (Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)CAPD is a specific modality of peritoneal dialysis performed continuously by the patient while ambulatory, but ICHI only has a single general peritoneal dialysis code without subdivisions for automated vs. continuous ambulatory modalities, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
233579007 (Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD) is a specific continuous renal replacement therapy modality using arteriovenous access; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique and the closest available code is NAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis), which is broader and covers all forms of renal dialysis regardless of access type or continuous vs. intermittent delivery.
238319001 (Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a general category without distinguishing the specific modality (continuous cycling vs. continuous ambulatory vs. intermittent). The SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of peritoneal dialysis, making the ICHI code broader.
233583007 (Continuous hemofiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI has no dedicated code for hemofiltration or continuous renal replacement therapy; NAA.JC.AF "Renal dialysis" is the closest available code, but it is broader in that it covers all renal dialysis modalities and does not distinguish hemofiltration from hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
180177004 (Continuous infusion of therapeutic substance)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI lacks a specific code for continuous intravenous infusion of a therapeutic substance; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest match under the whole-body pharmacotherapy application block, but it does not capture the continuous-infusion modality or specify route as intravenous.
1187024002 (Continuous mandatory ventilation pressure-control inflation-type and assured constant airway pressure adjunct)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation; it covers the entire category without any subdivision by ventilator mode, so it is considerably broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept describing a particular pressure-controlled mandatory ventilation mode with a constant airway pressure adjunct.
1187022003 (Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-control inflation-type and assured constant airway pressure adjunct in the expiratory phase)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)As with other ventilation concepts, JTB.DE.AC is the only available ICHI code for mechanical ventilation and does not differentiate by mode (volume-control, mandatory, expiratory CPAP adjunct); the SNOMED concept describes a specific ventilator mode that is far more granular than anything representable in ICHI.
1187025001 (Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-targeted pressure-control inflation-type)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for artificial/mechanical ventilation, covering all modes including volume-targeted pressure-control CMV. It is broader because it does not distinguish ventilator mode, targeting strategy, or inflation type.
1186678006 (Continuous positive airway pressure with an assured constant airway pressure adjunct)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)CPAP is a specific non-invasive ventilatory support mode delivering continuous positive pressure; ICHI's only assignable respiratory function support code is "Artificial ventilation" (JTB.DE.AC), which encompasses all forms of ventilatory assistance and is substantially broader.
714749008 (Continuous renal replacement therapy)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)CRRT is a specific, continuous modality of renal replacement (e.g., CVVH, CVVHD) used in critically ill patients, whereas NAA.JC.AF covers all forms of renal dialysis without distinction of modality or continuity; no separate ICHI code for CRRT or haemofiltration exists.
1186733000 (Continuous spontaneous ventilation with effort support)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)This SNOMED concept describes a specific assisted ventilation mode (effort-triggered pressure support), but ICHI does not have mode-specific ventilation codes; the only assignable code covering mechanical ventilatory support is JTB.DE.AC, which is considerably broader.
1186731003 (Continuous spontaneous ventilation with pressure support)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a specific spontaneous ventilation mode, but ICHI has no mode-specific ventilation categories; JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code that encompasses pressure-support and other assisted ventilation techniques.
180178009 (Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII/insulin pump therapy) is a specific route and drug combination; PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration of any pharmacotherapy and is far broader, but it is the closest assignable ICHI code since no insulin-specific or subcutaneous-infusion-specific category exists in ICHI.
308419002 (Contraception call)maps to wider conceptVEF.PN.ZZ (Advising about sexual behaviours)"Contraception call" is a telephone-based clinical contact where a clinician advises a patient about contraceptive options, which most closely aligns with advising about sexual behaviours in the ICHI health-related behaviour domain. No specific ICHI code exists for contraception counselling calls.
710454008 (Contracting for positive behavior)maps to wider conceptVEL.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)"Contracting for positive behavior" is a structured cognitive-behavioural technique used to reinforce adaptive behaviours; the closest ICHI domain is psychotherapy targeting behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing, but this code is broader as it encompasses any psychotherapy technique in that domain, not specifically behavioural contracting.
410566008 (Contrast sensitivity test)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Contrast sensitivity testing is a specific psychophysical eye test measuring the ability to distinguish luminance differences, which falls within testing of seeing functions; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of seeing functions (including visual acuity, colour vision, etc.), not contrast sensitivity specifically.
1252668003 (Control of epistaxis by ligation of artery of internal nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis in the nose broadly, but does not encode the specific method (ligation of artery) or the precise anatomical site (internal nasal artery); the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies both the technique and the target vessel.
81828004 (Control of epistaxis by packing of posterior and anterior nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC represents control of epistaxis in the nose generally without specifying the packing method or the binasal (anterior and posterior) anatomical extent; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies both the technique (packing) and the dual anatomical coverage.
450572007 (Conversion to fusion of joint and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LE.AA captures arthrodesis (fusion) of an unspecified joint, which matches the "fusion of joint" component of this SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the concomitant external fixation element nor the "conversion to" aspect, making the ICHI code broader than (and only partially overlapping with) the full SNOMED intent.
234864001 (Convert orthodontic buccal tube)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance on a tooth, which is the closest ICHI concept to adjusting or converting an orthodontic buccal tube; it is broader because it encompasses all types of tooth external appliance management rather than the specific act of converting a buccal tube.
711069006 (Coordination of care plan)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Individualised planning" (whole-person, PZB block) is the closest ICHI concept to coordinating a care plan, capturing the person-centred planning activity; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the coordination act around an existing care plan rather than the planning activity itself.
713126005 (Coordination of case conference)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" is the best available ICHI match — it covers inter-professional coordination around a case — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about organising and running a case conference event rather than case coordination in general.
1162437009 (Coordination of resources to address housing instability)maps to wider conceptUEE.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies)UEE.TD.ZZ covers collaboration/coordination actions targeting housing services broadly, which encompasses coordinating resources for housing instability. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the purpose of addressing instability specifically.
1268686005 (Coordination of resources to address inadequate housing)maps to wider conceptUEE.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies)UEE.TD.ZZ is the best available match for coordinating/collaborating around housing services; ICHI does not distinguish between inadequate housing and housing instability — both map to the same broader collaboration code within the housing services block.
410328009 (Coping skills case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) captures the case management aspect of this intervention at the whole-person level; ICHI has no code that combines case management specifically with coping skills training, so it is broader, omitting the coping-skills focus.
385721005 (Coping support assessment)maps to wider conceptSDJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of handling stress and other psychological demands)SDJ.AA.ZZ covers formal assessment of an individual's capacity to handle stress and psychological demands, which is the core of a coping support assessment. The ICHI code is slightly broader as "handling stress and other psychological demands" is wider than coping support specifically.
385724002 (Coping support management)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about handling stress and other psychological demands)SDJ.PP.ZZ (counselling for handling stress and psychological demands) is the closest active therapeutic intervention in ICHI for coping support management; ICHI offers no single "coping support management" code, and counselling for stress/psychological demands is broader.
437131000124103 (Copper modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification to food/diet without specifying the nutrient or substance being modified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a copper-restricted or copper-altered diet. No ICHI code exists for mineral-specific dietary modification.
284026003 (Core temperature monitoring)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ETG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of body temperature generally and does not specify that the temperature being measured is the core (central/deep body) temperature as opposed to peripheral or surface temperature.
410456003 (Corneal pachymetry)maps to wider conceptBBB.AB.AH (Measurement of cornea)Pachymetry is specifically the measurement of corneal thickness, while the ICHI code covers any measurement of the cornea without specifying the modality or thickness parameter, making it broader.
24088005 (Coronary artery atherectomy)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)Atherectomy is a percutaneous, catheter-based technique for mechanically removing atherosclerotic plaque from a coronary artery, a specific form of endovascular obstruction extraction. The ICHI code encompasses a broader set of techniques (including thrombectomy and other extraction methods); no dedicated atherectomy code exists in ICHI.
1145199001 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)The SNOMED concept is highly granular, specifying conduit (free RITA), proximal anastomosis site (aorta), and distal target vessel (LAD). The ICHI code covers all forms of coronary artery bypass without distinguishing conduit, configuration, or target vessel.
1145198009 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)The SNOMED concept captures a very specific CABG variant (free RITA to a diagonal branch of the LAD), a level of granularity not represented in ICHI; the single ICHI bypass category is the only reasonable home and is substantially broader.
1149059007 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to marginal branch of right coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)This concept specifies a free RITA graft targeting the marginal branch of the right coronary artery, a granularity that ICHI does not capture; the generic coronary artery bypass code is the closest available category and is substantially broader.
1145200003 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures but does not distinguish conduit type, graft origin, or target vessel (obtuse marginal branch of circumflex artery).
1148691001 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to posterior descending artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA is the only open coronary artery bypass code in ICHI and does not capture the conduit (free RITA), the proximal anastomosis site (aorta), or the distal target (posterior descending artery).
1149060002 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to posterolateral branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI has no codes that differentiate by graft conduit material, origin, or specific distal coronary target; HIA.LI.AA encompasses all open coronary bypass procedures.
1148690000 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to ramus intermedius artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers open coronary artery bypass without specifying conduit type or target vessel; it does not capture the free RITA conduit or the ramus intermedius as the target.
1156984001 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI does not distinguish composite graft configurations (free RITA anastomosed to the LITA pedicle) or the specific distal target; HIA.LI.AA is the closest available code but is substantially broader.
1156983007 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures but does not capture the specific conduit (free RITA from LITA), the composite Y-graft technique, or the target vessel (diagonal branch of LAD).
1155686006 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to intermediate artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA represents open coronary artery bypass in general, with no specificity for the Y-graft configuration (free RITA from LITA) or the target vessel (intermediate artery).
1155687002 (Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA captures coronary artery bypass generically; the specific composite arterial graft configuration (free RITA from LITA) and the target vessel (obtuse marginal of LCx) are not representable in ICHI.
232466007 (Correction of alar collapse using implant)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)The ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the nose, encompassing insertion of an alar implant to correct nasal alar collapse, but it is broader as it does not specify the alar subsite, the structural indication (collapse), or the corrective intent.
91219007 (Correction of atresia of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum)Correction of rectal atresia is a reconstructive procedure on the rectum aimed at establishing luminal continuity, which aligns most closely with reconstruction of the rectum; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the indication (atresia) or congenital nature.
180094004 (Correction of clinodactyly with closing wedge osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMGB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of hand or finger)Closing wedge osteotomy of a finger phalanx to correct clinodactyly is a specific form of osteotomy of the hand or finger bone; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the osteotomy subtype, the affected digit, or the deformity being corrected.
180093005 (Correction of clinodactyly with osteotomy and bone graft)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)When clinodactyly is corrected with both an osteotomy and a bone graft, the bone graft is the defining reconstructive component, making MGB.ML.AA the best single ICHI match; however, this code does not capture the concomitant osteotomy or the specific digit.
396557009 (Correction of clubfoot)maps to wider conceptPND.ML.AA (Reconstruction of foot)Clubfoot correction is a reconstructive procedure on the foot involving soft tissue and/or bony components, best captured by Reconstruction of foot; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the deformity, the surgical technique, or the congenital aetiology.
15946006 (Correction of coarctation of aorta with graft replacement)maps to wider conceptHIK.JJ.AA (Repair of coarctation of aortic arch)HIK.JJ.AA directly names repair of coarctation of the aortic arch. The SNOMED concept specifies graft replacement as the technique, whereas the ICHI code encompasses all repair methods (patch aortoplasty, end-to-end anastomosis, graft interposition), making it broader.
235370009 (Correction of congenital anorectal malformation)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI has no dedicated code for congenital anorectal malformation correction; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest available code but is broader, as it covers any anus repair rather than specifically congenital malformation correction.
428613004 (Correction of congenital cardiovascular deformity)maps to wider conceptHZM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified)HZM.ML.AA is the most encompassing ICHI code for reconstruction of unspecified complex congenital heart malformations, but the SNOMED concept includes the full cardiovascular system (heart and vessels), whereas HZM.ML.AA sits under "Interventions on heart" only.
19725004 (Correction of esophageal atresia)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)Correction of esophageal atresia involves reconstructing the oesophagus (typically via anastomosis or interposition graft), which is captured by KBA.ML.AA; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any oesophageal reconstruction, not specifically atresia repair.
231549009 (Correction of hypotelorism)maps to wider conceptMAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)Hypotelorism correction is a craniofacial osteotomy procedure involving repositioning of the orbital-facial bones; MAB.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it is much broader and does not capture the specific orbital/interorbital anatomy.
180096002 (Correction of radial polydactyly)maps to wider conceptMRS.LA.AH (Ligation of supernumerary digit)MRS.LA.AH is the only ICHI code explicitly referencing removal/treatment of a supernumerary digit; however, it specifically describes ligation (typically a neonatal technique), whereas radial polydactyly correction is a more complex thumb-ray reconstruction involving excision, tendon/ligament repair, and osteotomy.
231551008 (Correction of rotational orbital dystopia)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)Rotational orbital dystopia correction involves osteotomy and repositioning of the orbital bony frame; BAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code targeting the orbit specifically, but it is broader and does not convey the rotational displacement or craniofacial osteotomy approach.
265724005 (Correction of spinal deformity and anterior instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure: deformity correction plus anterior instrumentation; MBZ.DN.AA captures the instrumentation component but not the deformity correction, making it a partial and broader match.
178754001 (Correction of spinal deformity and instrumentation with posterior rods and segmental wiring)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept captures a composite procedure — spinal deformity correction combined with posterior rod and segmental wire instrumentation — which ICHI cannot represent as a single combined code. MBZ.DN.AA is the best single-axis fit.
180085005 (Correction of syndactyly of fingers using skin expander)maps to wider conceptLAE.LK.AA (Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no dedicated syndactyly or tissue-expansion code for the finger; LAE.LK.AA is the closest structural match for the skin expansion step, but it is broader — it covers any augmentation of upper limb skin.
180084009 (Correction of syndactyly of fingers using skin graft)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI has no specific code for syndactyly correction; LAE.ML.AA captures the operative modality (skin grafting to the upper limb) but is broader — it applies to any skin-graft procedure on the upper limb.
699786003 (Correction of syndactyly with skin flap)maps to wider conceptLAE.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no dedicated skin-flap or syndactyly code; LAE.MK.AA is the nearest match for the technique of using a local or rotational skin flap to correct syndactyly, but is broader as it encompasses all forms of skin repair on the upper limb.
303887004 (Correction of thumb duplication)maps to wider conceptPME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)Correction of thumb duplication (polydactyly) involves excision of the supernumerary digit and reconstruction of the remaining thumb; PME.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader — it covers finger reconstruction generally.
239631001 (Correction of tibial pseudoarthrosis by DCIA (deep circumflex iliac artery) bone flap)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)The SNOMED concept specifies a vascularized free-flap bone graft using the deep circumflex iliac artery (a microsurgical pedicled iliac crest transfer) to correct tibial nonunion/pseudoarthrosis, whereas ICHI MNB.ML.AA covers any bone graft to the tibia or fibula without specifying graft source, vascularity, or the underlying pseudoarthrosis indication.
239630000 (Correction of tibial pseudoarthrosis by free fibula graft)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)This SNOMED concept describes a free fibula-to-tibia graft specifically for correcting tibial pseudoarthrosis (nonunion); ICHI MNB.ML.AA captures any bone graft to the tibia or fibula without differentiating graft source, free vs. pedicled technique, or the indication.
239610004 (Correction of upper limb congenital ring constriction band)maps to wider conceptLAE.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)The SNOMED concept describes surgical release/correction of a congenital amniotic band constriction of the upper limb (excision of the constricting band and Z-plasty); ICHI has no specific code, and LAE.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb) is the closest available match but is broader.
231550009 (Correction of vertical orbital dystopia)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)Correction of vertical orbital dystopia (repositioning the orbit to correct vertical misalignment via craniofacial osteotomies) is a specific reconstructive orbital surgery; BAM.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match but is broader as it covers any orbital reconstruction without specifying dystopia correction.
252188005 (Corticotrophin releasing hormone test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The CRH stimulation test is a dynamic provocation test assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, which falls within ICHI's "Assessment of endocrine gland functions." ICHI does not have a specific code for stimulation tests or CRH/ACTH protocols.
252189002 (Cortisol day curve)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A cortisol day curve involves serial blood sampling over time to profile diurnal adrenal cortisol secretion, which is an assessment of endocrine gland function. ICHI has no code for serial/diurnal endocrine profiling, making this broader assessment category the best available mapping.
78170006 (Cosmetic chemosurgery)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Cosmetic chemosurgery (chemical peel/chemexfoliation) uses a caustic chemical agent to destroy superficial skin layers of the face, which maps to destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck. ICHI does not distinguish the chemical means or the cosmetic intent.
443814001 (Cosmetic surgery of nasolabial fold)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Cosmetic surgery of the nasolabial fold most commonly involves reduction or lifting of the facial skin/subcutaneous fold, captured by ICHI's reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck. ICHI does not specify the nasolabial fold as an anatomical target.
1281860000 (Counseling about breathing techniques for relaxation)maps to wider conceptJT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)JT2.PP.ZZ is the most specific available counselling code covering respiratory/breathing functions, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the relaxation goal or the specific breathing-technique modality.
297031000112100 (Counseling about electronic cigarette use)maps to wider conceptVAB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about tobacco use behaviours)ICHI classifies electronic cigarette/ENDS use under the tobacco use behaviours block (VAB), making VAB.PP.ZZ the best structural fit; however, the code is broader because it covers all tobacco use behaviours and does not distinguish e-cigarettes from conventional tobacco products.
441201000124108 (Counseling about nutrition using cognitive behavioral theoretical approach)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ is the single ICHI code for counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours; ICHI does not encode the specific psychotherapeutic approach (CBT) at category level, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
441331000124108 (Counseling about nutrition using cognitive restructuring strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ covers nutrition/eating behaviour counselling broadly, but ICHI has no category-level distinction for the cognitive restructuring strategy specified in the SNOMED concept.
441271000124102 (Counseling about nutrition using goal setting strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for nutrition counselling, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not differentiate counselling by the specific behaviour-change strategy used (goal setting in this case).
441231000124100 (Counseling about nutrition using health belief model)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not distinguish the specific theoretical framework (health belief model) used to deliver it, making the ICHI code broader.
441261000124109 (Counseling about nutrition using motivational interviewing technique)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not model the specific technique (motivational interviewing) employed, so the ICHI code subsumes this and other nutrition counselling strategies under a single undifferentiated category.
441291000124101 (Counseling about nutrition using problem solving strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not distinguish the behavioural strategy (problem solving) applied, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
441341000124103 (Counseling about nutrition using relapse prevention strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not encode the specific strategy (relapse prevention) used, so the ICHI code is broader and subsumes this concept along with all other nutrition counselling variants.
441351000124101 (Counseling about nutrition using rewards and contingency management strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not represent the specific technique (rewards and contingency management) used, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
441281000124104 (Counseling about nutrition using self-monitoring strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ covers counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but makes no distinction between specific behavioural strategies such as self-monitoring; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
441241000124105 (Counseling about nutrition using social learning theory approach)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ captures the counselling-about-eating core but does not encode the theoretical framework (social learning theory) used to deliver it, making the ICHI code broader.
441301000124100 (Counseling about nutrition using social support strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)The ICHI code covers nutrition/eating-behaviour counselling generically; the social support delivery strategy specified in the SNOMED concept is not represented in ICHI, so the mapping is wider.
441321000124105 (Counseling about nutrition using stimulus control strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ matches the nutrition counselling intent but does not capture the stimulus control technique, meaning the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
441311000124102 (Counseling about nutrition using stress management strategy)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)VEA.PP.ZZ represents counselling about eating behaviours without specifying any stress-management technique, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which names stress management as the delivery strategy.
441251000124107 (Counseling about nutrition using transtheoretical model and stages of change approach)maps to wider conceptVEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)ICHI's "Counselling about eating behaviours" covers nutrition/dietary behaviour counselling but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular theoretical framework (transtheoretical model and stages of change).
472231000124108 (Counseling for barriers to achieve adequate housing)maps to wider conceptUEE.PN.ZZ (Advising about housing services, systems and policies)UEE.PN.ZZ covers advising about housing services, systems and policies — encompassing the concept of helping a patient navigate barriers to adequate housing — but the ICHI code is broader (it covers all advising on housing services, not specifically barrier-focused counselling).
472241000124103 (Counseling for barriers to achieve housing security)maps to wider conceptUEE.PN.ZZ (Advising about housing services, systems and policies)This SNOMED concept focuses specifically on housing security barriers, while UEE.PN.ZZ covers advising on housing services, systems and policies more broadly. It is the best available ICHI match, but is wider as it does not distinguish between adequate housing vs. housing security.
784054000 (Counseling for congenital polycystic kidney disease)maps to wider conceptPYA.PP.ZZ (Genetic counselling)Congenital polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant/recessive PKD) is a hereditary genetic condition, making genetic counselling the best ICHI match. PYA.PP.ZZ is wider because it covers all genetic counselling regardless of condition.
286711000000107 (Counseling for depression)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Depression is fundamentally a disorder of emotional/affective functioning, making AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling targeting emotional functions, nested under interventions on specific mental functions) the best functional match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers emotional function counselling broadly, not only depression.
313070006 (Counseling for domestic abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about family and partner violence behaviours)VBB.PP.ZZ sits under the "Interventions on family and partner violence behaviours" block, which directly corresponds to domestic abuse/domestic violence. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses all family and partner violence (including perpetrator-focused interventions).
702584003 (Counseling for elective sterilization)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)Fertility counselling is the closest ICHI concept covering counselling about reproductive capacity, which encompasses discussion of elective sterilization. However, NUD.PP.ZZ covers fertility counselling broadly (including infertility, assisted reproduction) and is broader than this SNOMED concept.
313071005 (Counseling for harmful pattern of substance use)maps to wider conceptVA1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling for unspecified substance-related behaviours, which encompasses harmful patterns of use across all substance types. The SNOMED concept specifies harmful use pattern specifically, whereas the ICHI code is broader in covering all substance-related and addictive behaviours regardless of harm level or substance type.
472201000124100 (Counseling for readiness to achieve adequate housing goals)maps to wider conceptSNC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring a place to live)SNC.PP.ZZ covers counselling about acquiring housing at the individual activity/participation level. However, ICHI does not capture the "readiness" motivational framing or the specific "adequate housing goals" focus, making the ICHI code broader.
472191000124103 (Counseling for readiness to achieve housing security goals)maps to wider conceptSNC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring a place to live)SNC.PP.ZZ is the closest individual-level housing counselling code in ICHI, but it frames the intervention as acquiring a place to live rather than achieving housing security goals; the readiness/motivational and security-specific dimensions of the SNOMED concept are not captured.
472221000124105 (Counseling for readiness to implement housing insecurity care plan)maps to wider conceptSNC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring a place to live)This SNOMED concept is specifically about counselling a patient on their readiness to act on a structured care plan addressing housing insecurity, which is more precise than what ICHI encodes; SNC.PP.ZZ is the best available individual-level housing counselling code but lacks the care-plan-implementation and motivational-readiness specificity.
472211000124102 (Counseling for readiness to implement inadequate housing care plan)maps to wider conceptSNC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring a place to live)The SNOMED concept targets readiness to implement a care plan for inadequate housing — a specific motivational and care-management concept — while SNC.PP.ZZ covers housing counselling in the activities/participation domain more generally without encoding the care-plan-readiness nuance.
445563009 (Counseling for sexually transmitted disease)maps to wider conceptVEF.PP.ZZ (Counselling about sexual behaviours)STD/STI counselling is primarily delivered through the frame of sexual behaviour change (risk reduction, partner notification, condom use), making VEF.PP.ZZ the most appropriate ICHI code; however, VEF.PP.ZZ covers all sexual behaviour counselling broadly and does not restrict to infectious disease contexts.
1366206007 (Counseling for substance dependence)maps to wider conceptVA1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling for all substance-related and addictive behaviours unspecified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus specifically on substance dependence (a clinical syndrome). No specific ICHI code exists for "dependence" as a severity qualifier.
698505007 (Counseling for trauma)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)ICHI has no dedicated "trauma counselling" code; counselling for psychological trauma is best captured under AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling targeting emotional functions), which is the closest functional target in the mental functions hierarchy. The code is broader because emotional functions encompass more than trauma-related presentations.
440215007 (Counseling for unwanted pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUG.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions related to childbirth)ICHI has no code for unwanted pregnancy or pregnancy options counselling specifically; NUG.PP.ZZ is the closest available code as it targets the reproductive/childbirth function domain and encompasses counselling around the full spectrum of pregnancy-related decisions.
440274001 (Couple psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptSSM.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for engaging in intimate relationships)SSM.PQ.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering psychotherapy targeting intimate relationship functioning, which aligns well with the dyadic focus of couple psychotherapy. It is slightly broader because it does not restrict to a two-person couple format.
225697000 (Covering eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DK.AH (Dressing of eye)"Covering eye" (e.g., applying an eye patch for protection or occlusion therapy) maps most closely to BZZ.DK.AH "Dressing of eye," which is the only ICHI code for applying an external covering to the eye. Slightly wider as it encompasses any eye dressing purpose.
1255223005 (Cow milk free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)A cow milk free diet is a clinician-prescribed dietary restriction and maps best to UAB.TI.ZZ "Prescription of food," which captures the act of prescribing a specific food regimen. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any food prescription without capturing the specific allergen-exclusion nature of a dairy-free diet.
73006002 (Cranial decompression, posterior fossa)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)Posterior fossa cranial decompression (e.g., suboccipital craniectomy for Chiari malformation) is performed by removing a portion of the occipital bone — a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code, but is wider as it covers craniectomy at any cranial location and does not specify the posterior fossa site or decompressive intent.
789003 (Cranial decompression, subtemporal, supratentorial)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)Subtemporal supratentorial cranial decompression involves removing part of the temporal bone to relieve intracranial pressure, which is procedurally a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code though wider — it does not encode the subtemporal approach or supratentorial location.
59580007 (Cranial neuroplasty)maps to wider conceptAAN.MK.AA (Repair of cranial nerve)Neuroplasty is a surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct a nerve, aligning most closely with "Repair of cranial nerve." ICHI's repair code is broader and does not specifically capture the plasty (reshaping/reconstruction) nuance.
416899006 (Cranial osteopathic manipulation)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of head or neck joint)ICHI has no dedicated code for cranial osteopathic manipulation; the closest is manipulation of a head or neck joint, which is broader than osteopathic technique applied specifically to cranial bones/sutures rather than a synovial joint.
439499006 (Craniectomy and excision of infratentorial brain tumor)maps to wider conceptAAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)This SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (craniectomy approach plus excision of an infratentorial tumor); ICHI captures the primary therapeutic act as local excision of a lesion of the brain, but is broader because it does not specify the infratentorial location or the craniectomy component.
1202019006 (Craniectomy of base of skull and excision of midline neoplasm of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining skull base craniectomy with excision of a midline brain neoplasm; ICHI's code captures the primary operative objective but does not encode the skull base craniectomy component or the midline/neoplasm specificity.
2968008 (Craniectomy with treatment of penetrating wound of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JG.AA (Debridement of brain)Treatment of a penetrating brain wound principally involves debridement of contaminated/damaged brain tissue. The ICHI code does not capture the craniectomy component nor the penetrating-wound mechanism, so it is broader than the full SNOMED procedure.
180168006 (Cranio-orbital remodeling for trigonocephaly)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)Cranio-orbital remodeling for trigonocephaly is a specific craniofacial reshaping procedure for premature metopic suture fusion; cranial osteoplasty is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, capturing no orbital component, no indication specificity, and no suture detail.
22588001 (Craniocervical spinal fusion for pseudoarthrosis)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)Closest match as it covers fusion of the cervical spinal column (encompassing the craniocervical junction); however it does not encode the occipitocervical specificity, the pseudoarthrosis indication, or any craniocervical extension.
1259985002 (Craniostomy using twist drill)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)ICHI does not have a specific code for twist-drill craniostomy (burr hole technique); MAA.FA.AA covers skull opening/incision procedures broadly and is the closest skull-opening code available, but does not specify the twist-drill technique.
439493007 (Craniotomy with elevation of bone flap and excision of epileptogenic focus)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)MAA.FA.AA covers craniotomy as a skull intervention but does not encode the critical second component — excision of an epileptogenic focus in brain tissue. The ICHI code is broader because it omits the therapeutic brain resection that defines this procedure's clinical purpose.
265702005 (Cranium and facial bone operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MAA (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of head or neck)This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for operations on both the cranium and facial bones, matching the organisational block BlockL4-MAA which encompasses both skull and facial bone children. A block code is assigned because no single assignable category covers this combined scope.
699140009 (Creation of aorto-common carotid artery shunt)maps to wider conceptIBB.LI.AA (Bypass of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.LI.AA covers an open bypass/shunt of the extracranial carotid artery, capturing the carotid side of this procedure; however ICHI does not separately encode the aortic origin of the conduit, making the code broader.
47485003 (Creation of aortomesenteric shunt)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)An aortomesenteric shunt is a bypass between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, both of which fall under the abdominal or pelvic artery category. ICHI lacks a dedicated aortomesenteric code, so this broader category code is the closest fit.
119566000 (Creation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)Closest ICHI code, covering the creation of a CSF diversion from the brain ventricles, but broader — it does not specify CSF as the fluid diverted, nor does it constrain the destination (peritoneal, pleural, atrial, etc.).
235179004 (Creation of end esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)KBA.LI.AA covers oesophagostomy as a class without distinguishing between end vs. loop or other variant types, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of "end esophagostomy."
440470008 (Creation of lesion of gasserian ganglion with neurolytic agent using stereotactic method)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The gasserian (semilunar/trigeminal) ganglion is a cranial nerve ganglion, and the procedure is a percutaneous chemical destruction. The code does not capture the gasserian ganglion target specificity, the neurolytic agent means, or the stereotactic technique.
65725008 (Creation of lumbar subarachnoid-pleural shunt with laminectomy)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)Captures spinal shunt creation in the spinal canal, aligning with the core intent of a lumbar subarachnoid-pleural shunt, but broader — it does not specify the subarachnoid-to-pleural routing, the lumbar level, or the accompanying laminectomy.
171757002 (Creation of lumboperitoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)A lumboperitoneal shunt diverts CSF from the lumbar subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity, falling within the spinal canal target of ABG. "Spinal shunt" is broader because it does not specify the peritoneal destination or the lumbar level.
698973009 (Creation of programmable cystoperitoneal shunt of brain)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)A cystoperitoneal shunt of the brain diverts fluid from an intracranial cyst to the peritoneum, housed under interventions on ventricles of brain. "Ventricular shunt" is broader as it does not distinguish cyst origin, programmable valve type, or peritoneal destination.
233470008 (Creation of saphenous vein shunt)maps to wider conceptIFD.LI.AA (Bypass of vein of lower limb)The great saphenous vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD is the most anatomically precise available ICHI target. The code is broader as it does not specify saphenous vein nor use the term "shunt" for this target.
265345000 (Creation of tube esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)KBA.LI.AA covers creation of an oesophagostomy (an opening/stoma of the oesophagus) which maps well, but the ICHI code does not specify that the stoma is tube-based; it is therefore slightly broader than tube oesophagostomy.
174884009 (Creation of valved conduit between left ventricle of heart and aorta)maps to wider conceptHBA.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta)HBA.LI.AA directly matches the structural intervention (conduit from left ventricle to aorta), but the ICHI title omits the "valved" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
60501001 (Creation of ventriculo-jugular shunt)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunts in general without specifying the drainage destination; the SNOMED concept is a specific sub-type (shunting CSF from a brain ventricle to the jugular vein).
54716007 (Creation syndactyly of finger)maps to wider conceptPME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)No ICHI code exists specifically for the intentional surgical creation of syndactyly (finger webbing); reconstruction of finger is the closest category under interventions on finger but is broader.
173067007 (Cricothyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)ICHI has no specific code for cricothyroidotomy; the closest available code is "Incision of larynx," which is anatomically broader and encompasses but is not limited to this specific procedure.
232683009 (Cricothyroidotomy tube insertion)maps to wider conceptJAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)ICHI has no specific code for tube insertion through the cricothyroid membrane; "Insertion of device into larynx" is the closest anatomical match but is broader, covering any laryngeal device.
391045005 (Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - 24 hr not intensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish care intensity, episode duration, or setting; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the broadest psychotherapeutic intervention but subsumes all crisis care variants without differentiating them.
391048007 (Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)The "daily intensive" qualifier denotes a care programme intensity that has no equivalent ICHI axis; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the least-specific whole-person psychotherapy code and broader than this structured programme.
391046006 (Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Full day : day care)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)"Full day day care" is a care-setting concept not represented in ICHI's action/means axes; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code but is significantly broader.
391047002 (Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Part day : day care)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)The "part day" qualifier reflects a care scheduling model absent from ICHI; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the broadest matching psychotherapy code but cannot encode partial-day attendance or day-care setting.
72978009 (Crushing of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)Crushing a cranial nerve is a specific physical technique used to ablate nerve function, which falls within the broader concept of cranial nerve destruction; AAN.GA.AA does not specify the means of destruction.
77359006 (Crushing of hemorrhoids)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)Hemorrhoids are anorectal vascular lesions and crushing them is a destructive technique; KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of anorectal lesions by any means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
78840003 (Crushing of nasal septum)maps to wider conceptJAB.GA.AC (Destruction of nasal septum)Crushing the nasal septum is a specific destructive technique; JAB.GA.AC encompasses all forms of nasal septum destruction without specifying the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
9316008 (Crushing of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Crushing (neurotripsy) is a specific form of mechanical nerve destruction, so ACA.GA.AA — which covers all modalities of peripheral nerve destruction — is broader than the SNOMED concept.
178923005 (Cryoablation of bone lesion)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)Cryoablation is a specific means of destruction (freezing), while MRB.GA.AA covers destruction of bone by any means without specifying the site; both the unspecified site and means make this code broader.
1217171003 (Cryoablation of lesion of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea)The SNOMED concept specifies cryoablation as the technique, whereas JBA.GA.AA captures destruction of tracheal lesions by any method without specifying the cryo means.
105380005 (Cryoanalgesia)maps to wider conceptAXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain)Cryoanalgesia is the deliberate application of cold to a nerve to achieve analgesia. AXA.SE.AH covers the same therapeutic intent but is broader as it includes any form of cold application for pain, not specifically nerve-targeting cryoanalgesia.
229582004 (Cryocuff treatment)maps to wider conceptAXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain)A cryocuff applies circumferential cold and compression to a limb to reduce pain and swelling; AXA.SE.AH is the best match but is broader, as it does not specify the cryocuff device or the compression component.
90783008 (Cryoextraction)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)Cryoextraction in clinical usage refers to intracapsular cryoextraction of the crystalline lens. BBF.JK.AA captures the procedure accurately but is wider because it does not specify the cryo technique.
4344007 (Cryopexy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Cryopexy is the application of extreme cold to create chorioretinal adhesion, typically for retinal detachment. BCC.MK.AA encompasses all retinal repair techniques without specifying cryotherapy as the means.
37032002 (Cryosurgery for destruction of lesion of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)ICHI has no uvula-specific destruction code; the uvula target is grouped under the soft palate block. KAS.GA.AC is the only destruction code available for this region, broader than the SNOMED concept.
82442002 (Cryosurgery of turbinates)maps to wider conceptJAC.GA.AC (Destruction of nasal turbinate)The target (nasal turbinate) and action (destruction) align precisely; however, the ICHI code's means axis does not specify cryotherapy as the technique, making it broader by not constraining the method.
80800000 (Cryotherapy of external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)The SNOMED concept targets the external ear broadly (auricle and external auditory canal), while CAC.GA.AA is specific to the auricle; the cryo means is also not specified, so the ICHI code is broader in technique.
87539000 (Cryotherapy of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)The target (eyelid) and action (destruction of lesion) are precisely matched, but ICHI does not specify the means — BAA.GA.AH covers any non-incisional destructive technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
29911008 (Cryotherapy of iris)maps to wider conceptBBC.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of iris)The target and action match precisely, but the means axis encompasses all non-incisional destructive approaches, not cryotherapy specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
173447006 (Cryotherapy of lesion of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth target code; KAZ.GA.AC is broader both in target anatomy (full oral cavity rather than specifically the floor) and in means.
13183007 (Cryotherapy of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)The target and action are well matched, but ICHI does not differentiate the destructive technique — NAI.GA.AA covers destruction by any means (cryotherapy, laser, fulguration, etc.), making it broader.
176680001 (Cryotherapy of lesion of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)The target and action are an exact anatomical and procedural match, but the means axis does not specify cryotherapy as the technique, so the ICHI code is broader.
176607001 (Cryotherapy of lesion of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, encompassing cryotherapy as a destruction method, but the ICHI code does not specify the means nor is it limited to a lesion.
190630008 (Cryotherapy of palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)The SNOMED concept refers to the palate without specifying hard or soft; KAS.GA.AC is the better fit since cryotherapy of the palate most commonly targets the soft palate, but it does not specify the means and excludes the hard palate.
49987006 (Cryotherapy of skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI has no single unspecified-site skin destruction code; all skin destruction codes are body-region-specific. The block BlockL4-LAA is the only body-site-neutral representation but is far broader in scope.
231427001 (Cryotherapy to celiac plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)The celiac plexus is an autonomic plexus classified under the peripheral nervous system; ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction action, but is broader in target and does not specify cryotherapy.
231419005 (Cryotherapy to cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of cranial nerve by any means, which is broader than cryotherapy specifically; the means axis does not have a dedicated cold/cryo code.
174340000 (Cryotherapy to lesion of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AC captures destruction of a lesion or tissue of the anus without incision, semantically very close to cryotherapy applied to an anal lesion; it is slightly wider because it encompasses any destructive modality.
173382008 (Cryotherapy to lesion of palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)The SNOMED concept does not distinguish hard vs. soft palate, so KAS.GA.AC is the closest single code; it is wider because it covers any destructive modality and presumes soft palate.
307276000 (Cryotherapy to mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.GA.AC is the residual destruction code for the oral cavity when the specific site is not specified, matching the unspecified anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; it is wider because it includes any destructive method.
174342008 (Cryotherapy to perianal warts)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of perianal lesions but does not specify the means (cryotherapy) or target (warts/condylomata); ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
171805007 (Cryotherapy to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ACA.GA.AA captures destruction of a peripheral nerve but does not specify the cryotherapy means; the ICHI code is broader since the SNOMED concept specifies cryotherapy as the modality.
231760002 (Cryotherapy to retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA correctly targets the retina with a destruction action, but the means axis does not encode cryotherapy specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
231416003 (Cryotherapy to scar neuroma)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)A scar neuroma is an aberrant peripheral nerve growth, so destruction of peripheral nerve is the closest available ICHI category; the code is broader because it does not specify the cryotherapy means or scar neuroma target.
303570006 (Cryotherapy to sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated destruction code under the sympathetic nervous system block; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the best-fit residual category for an unspecified intervention, substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
13173008 (Cryptotomy of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)A cryptotomy is a specific incision into an anal crypt, a targeted sub-procedure within the broader ICHI category of incision of anus and perianal tissue; no more specific ICHI code exists for anal crypt incision.
406835006 (Crystal ponceau stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Crystal ponceau is a specific histochemical staining technique used to detect collagen and muscle fibres; ICHI encodes only the broader concept of histopathology with no code for individual staining methods.
432226009 (CT guided ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)This code captures percutaneous destruction of a hepatic lesion, the operative mechanism of CT-guided ablation, but the ICHI means axis does not specify CT guidance as the imaging modality.
430341000 (CT guided ablation of osteoid osteoma)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for osteoid osteoma ablation or image-guided bone ablation; this code captures bone destruction at an unspecified site, losing the CT-guidance and tumor histology specificity.
866218003 (CT guided aspiration of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)CT-guided bone aspiration is functionally equivalent to percutaneous bone biopsy in clinical practice; the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify CT guidance.
709546005 (CT guided aspiration of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)NAA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the kidney, which subsumes aspiration; the percutaneous means appropriately represents CT guidance, but ICHI does not distinguish CT from other image-guidance modalities.
709655003 (CT guided aspiration of peritoneum)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)KMA.JB.AE represents percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity (paracentesis); the ICHI code is wider because "drainage" encompasses aspiration plus catheter drainage and CT-guidance is not distinguished from other percutaneous approaches.
866219006 (CT guided aspiration of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JB.AA (Drainage of spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.JB.AA is the closest available code for fluid aspiration from an unspecified spinal level; the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the percutaneous/CT-guided approach.
709637007 (CT guided biopsy of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach and lymph node target; ICHI does not encode CT-guidance as a distinct means, so the code is broader.
711210005 (CT guided cholecystostomy)maps to wider conceptKCF.JB.AA (Cholecystostomy)KCF.JB.AA captures cholecystostomy (creation of a gallbladder drainage opening), but ICHI does not encode CT-guidance in the means axis, so the code is broader.
16559081000119104 (CT guided cryoablation of lesion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)JBF.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion, but ICHI does not distinguish cryoablation from other destruction modalities, nor does it encode CT-guidance.
1345265008 (CT guided dilation of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of urethra)NAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the urethra without specifying approach or imaging guidance; CT-guidance can be noted as an extension code (XG2209) but is not in the base code.
442861009 (CT guided drainage of abscess of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage of an unspecified lymph node, but it does not specify CT guidance specifically nor the abscess aetiology.
431611001 (CT guided embolization)maps to wider conceptIZE.LA.AA (Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's embolisation codes are all site-specific; IZE.LA.AA is the closest NEC vessel-occlusion code that is not site-constrained, but it does not encode CT guidance or the embolisation technique specifically.
430445005 (CT guided injection of cervical spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any level, so it is broader than the cervical-specific SNOMED concept; cervical specificity and CT-guidance can only be conveyed via extension codes.
429868005 (CT guided injection of lumbar spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any vertebral level; lumbar specificity and CT guidance are expressible only through extension codes.
429930009 (CT guided injection of sacral spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE is the closest assignable code, covering percutaneous spinal nerve injection regardless of level; sacral specificity can only be captured via extension code.
430446006 (CT guided injection of thoracic spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any level and is broader than this thoracic-specific SNOMED concept; thoracic specificity and CT guidance require extension codes.
442979007 (CT guided insertion of pleural tube)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity, aligning with the intent of pleural tube insertion; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify CT guidance and treats the action as drainage rather than tube insertion.
433866007 (CT guided laser ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AH (Laser interstitial thermal therapy of tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AH captures laser-based thermal destruction of liver tissue; the ICHI code is broader because it refers to "tissue of liver" generally rather than specifying a lesion, and CT guidance is not encoded.
434312004 (CT guided laser ablation of osteoid osteoma)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.GA.AA is the closest available code, but it does not specify laser as the means, the specific bone site, or distinguish a benign tumor from other destructive bone interventions.
711271003 (CT guided lumbar puncture)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)ABG.AH.AE covers lumbar puncture performed percutaneously but does not specify CT guidance as part of the base code; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing lumbar punctures performed under any or no image guidance.
16558781000119107 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of left hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of hip joint)ICHI has no dedicated bursa aspiration code for the hip; the closest covers percutaneous drainage of the hip joint broadly, encompassing periarticular fluid aspiration.
16558841000119108 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of left shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint)No specific bursa aspiration code exists for the shoulder; the closest is percutaneous drainage of the shoulder joint, which encompasses periarticular fluid drainage including bursal aspiration.
16558601000119105 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right ankle)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint)ICHI has no specific bursa aspiration code for the ankle; the best match is percutaneous drainage of the ankle joint, broader as it does not distinguish bursa from joint space.
16558721000119108 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of hip joint)ICHI has no bursa-specific code for the hip; the closest available code targets the hip joint rather than the periarticular bursa, and CT guidance/laterality are not encoded.
16558961000119100 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right knee)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of knee joint)No ICHI code exists for aspiration of a specific knee bursa; the best available code covers percutaneous drainage of the knee joint itself, anatomically broader than the periarticular bursa.
16558901000119101 (CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for shoulder bursa aspiration; the nearest code addresses the shoulder joint broadly rather than the bursa specifically.
433029000 (CT guided nephrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AE (Percutaneous nephrostomy)The ICHI code captures percutaneous nephrostomy accurately; CT guidance as the specific imaging modality is not encoded in the means axis, making the ICHI code broader.
439087006 (CT guided percutaneous aspiration of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPAK.JB.AE (Percutaneous abdominal drainage)PAK.JB.AE covers percutaneous abdominal drainage broadly, encompassing aspiration of the abdominal cavity; it does not specify CT guidance and covers any form of drainage.
1156740009 (CT guided percutaneous drainage of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)KCA.JB.AE is a precise anatomical and procedural match; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not encode CT guidance as the imaging modality.
716748002 (CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify irreversible electroporation as the destruction technique nor CT guidance.
716756004 (CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of liver lesion/tissue, but does not distinguish the specific energy modality (irreversible electroporation/IRE) or CT guidance.
716755000 (CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)ICHI correctly captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of lung lesion/tissue, but does not encode the specific IRE modality or CT guidance.
764738000 (CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation of neoplasm of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)ICHI has no percutaneous-specific destruction code for the pancreas; the closest available is the unspecified-approach destruction code, broader on approach specificity and energy modality.
737082000 (CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation of neoplasm of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AE (Transperineal destruction of prostate)IRE of the prostate is standardly performed via a transperineal approach; ICHI does not encode CT guidance or IRE modality, and the code covers the whole prostate rather than a focal neoplasm.
1356874000 (CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion, but has no laser-specific destruction code for the kidney and does not encode CT guidance.
1356882000 (CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and lung lesion target but does not encode CT guidance or the laser energy modality.
1357800001 (CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no percutaneous or energy-specific destruction code for bone; the unspecified-site, unspecified-approach destruction code is the closest available match.
819811000000101 (CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)ICHI encodes percutaneous destruction at the kidney target but does not specify CT guidance or the microwave energy modality.
819801000000103 (CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)ICHI covers percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion but does not distinguish CT guidance or microwave energy from other percutaneous destruction techniques.
1357777008 (CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)No percutaneous or energy-specific bone destruction code exists in ICHI; this unspecified-approach code is the closest available match but omits CT guidance, percutaneous route, microwave modality, and the neoplasm qualifier.
1366358004 (CT guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of the intervertebral disc but does not distinguish the nucleus pulposus, nor encode CT guidance or radiofrequency as the ablative technique.
438791002 (CT guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of tumor of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)The closest available ICHI bone destruction code is open and unspecified-site; it does not encode CT guidance, RFA, percutaneous approach, or tumor specificity.
429861004 (CT guided radiofrequency ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion but does not encode CT guidance or radiofrequency ablation as the specific technique.
444811001 (CT guided radiofrequency ablation of lesion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion but does not differentiate the specific means of destruction (RFA vs microwave vs cryoablation) or CT guidance.
709787009 (CT guided thoracentesis)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)This code is the procedural equivalent of thoracentesis; ICHI does not distinguish CT guidance as the imaging modality.
432637001 (CT guided vertebroplasty of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)The only ICHI vertebroplasty code sits in "vertebral column, unspecified"; no cervical-specific vertebroplasty code exists, and CT guidance is not encoded.
431496002 (CT guided vertebroplasty of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has only one site-unspecified vertebroplasty code, capturing neither the lumbar specificity nor the CT guidance of the SNOMED concept.
432037000 (CT guided vertebroplasty of sacral spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)The same single vertebroplasty code applies; neither sacral-level specificity nor CT guidance is encoded.
433034001 (CT guided vertebroplasty of thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)ICHI provides only a single site-unspecified vertebroplasty code with no thoracic-level or CT-guidance granularity.
446834007 (CT of oropharynx)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of head or neck)ICHI has no CT-specific code for the oropharynx; PAB.BA.BC covers the entire head or neck rather than the oropharynx specifically.
241551006 (CT of pancreas)maps to wider conceptPAK.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of abdomen)ICHI has no CT-specific code for the pancreas; CT of abdomen is the best available match because the pancreas is an abdominal organ.
1343704007 (CT of pharynx and cervical esophagus with contrast)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BD (Computerised tomography of head or neck, with intravenous contrast)ICHI has no CT-specific code for pharynx or oesophagus with contrast; PAB.BA.BD matches modality and contrast specification but covers the entire head/neck region.
1336137009 (CT of trachea)maps to wider conceptPAE.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of thorax)ICHI has no CT-specific trachea code; CT of thorax is the best available match since the intrathoracic trachea is routinely included in thoracic CT.
281508008 (Cuirasse ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI contains only a single undifferentiated "Artificial ventilation" code with no sub-types distinguishing negative pressure (cuirasse) from positive pressure methods.
252390002 (Culture and susceptibility)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)XG50T0 covers only the susceptibility/sensitivity testing component, not the culture step; it is the closest available ICHI code since the culture aspect has no separate match.
273973005 (Culture sensitivity)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)XG50T0 is the best available ICHI code but is broader (antimicrobial susceptibility in general) and does not capture the culture component.
442987008 (Curettage of benign neoplasm of phalanx of finger with autograft)maps to wider conceptMGB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from the bone of the hand or finger; it is broader because it does not specify the autologous bone graft component or distinguish phalanx from other hand bones.
36837001 (Curettage of benign tumor of clavicle)maps to wider conceptMDB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region)ICHI groups the clavicle under "bone of shoulder region" without a clavicle-specific code; MDB.JI.AA covers all shoulder region bones and does not specify the benign nature or curettage technique.
64046002 (Curettage of benign tumor of scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region)The scapula falls within ICHI's "bone of shoulder region"; MDB.JI.AA does not distinguish the scapula from other shoulder bones or capture the curettage technique.
71632001 (Curettage of bursa)maps to wider conceptMRS.JG.AA (Debridement of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated bursa intervention block; the bursa only appears as anatomy extension codes. MRS.JG.AA is the closest match but is broader, covering all soft tissue sites.
388289006 (Curettage of chalazion)maps to wider conceptBAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eyelid)ICHI has no chalazion-specific code; chalazion curettage aligns best with local excision of eyelid lesion, though the ICHI code covers any eyelid lesion and does not distinguish curettage from other excision techniques.
83530000 (Curettage of cyst of scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region)Curettage of a bone cyst is a form of local excision; the ICHI code is wider as it covers any lesion of the shoulder region bone, not specifically a cyst of the scapula.
172385000 (Curettage of lesion of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva)Curettage is a method of local excision and the anatomical target is identical; the ICHI code is marginally wider because "local excision" encompasses techniques beyond curettage.
172216007 (Curettage of lesion of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eyelid)Curettage of an eyelid lesion is a specific technique for local excision; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers all local excision methods on the eyelid, not curettage alone.
450588007 (Curettage of lesion of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The ICHI code is wider because it also includes the neck and subcutaneous cell tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to skin of the head.
450587002 (Curettage of lesion of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The ICHI code covers the correct anatomical region (head or neck) and captures local removal of skin tissue, but "local excision" is broader than curettage specifically.
87591000 (Curettage of skin lesion)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures local removal of skin tissue without specifying body site, but local excision is broader than curettage as a technique, and the NEC qualifier indicates a residual category.
2214008 (Curette test of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The curette test (e.g., Darier's sign) is a diagnostic skin assessment; ICHI's NEC skin assessment code captures the diagnostic intent but is broader, subsuming many other skin assessment methods.
180226000 (Cut-down intravenous injection)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the open/cut-down technique or distinguish injection from cannulation.
274503006 (Cut-down venous cannulation)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA captures device insertion into a vein but does not encode the open/surgical (cut-down) approach or distinguish cannulation specifically from other device insertions.
252769007 (Cutaneous reflex studies)maps to wider conceptMVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes)MVB.AC.ZZ covers testing of motor reflexes broadly but is wider in that it is not limited to cutaneous stimulus modalities and encompasses all motor reflex testing.
713550003 (Cyclophosphamide therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not represent drug-specific therapies; PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of any pharmacotherapy agent, semantically broader than the SNOMED concept naming cyclophosphamide.
80945002 (Cystoproctostomy)maps to wider conceptNAI.LB.AA (Anastomosis of bladder)Cystoproctostomy is a specific anastomosis between the urinary bladder and rectum; NAI.LB.AA covers bladder anastomosis generically without specifying the rectal limb.
236194007 (Cystoscopic adjustment of ureteric stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.SN.AC (Management of internal device of ureter)NAE.SN.AC covers management of an internal ureteric device, but is broader — it does not specify the cystoscopic approach or the specific nature of the intervention as an "adjustment."
176068005 (Cystoscopic dilation of ureter for calculus)maps to wider conceptNAE.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)NAE.LH.AD is the closest match to cystoscopic dilation in the context of ureteral calculus; ICHI does not encode the calculus indication, making the code broader.
176101004 (Cystoscopic dilation of ureteric orifice)maps to wider conceptNAE.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ureter)The ureteric orifice is anatomically part of the ureter, but ICHI does not have a code specific to dilation of the orifice alone, making this a wider match.
386800008 (Cystoscopic hydrostatic distension of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder)NAI.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for endoscopic bladder enlargement/dilatation; it does not specify the hydrostatic technique used in the SNOMED concept.
176064007 (Cystoscopic laser lithotripsy of ureteric calculus)maps to wider conceptNAE.JE.AD (Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter)NAE.JE.AD covers transurethral extraction, the clinical goal of laser lithotripsy, but ICHI does not have a code specifically for laser-based stone fragmentation in the ureter.
236191004 (Cystoscopic upward disimpaction of ureteric calculus)maps to wider conceptNAE.JE.AD (Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter)ICHI captures transurethral calculus extraction from the ureter but does not specify the "upward disimpaction" (retropulsion) technique.
176083000 (Cystoscopic ureteric sampling of urine)maps to wider conceptNAE.AE.AD (Ureteroscopy)ICHI has no dedicated code for cystoscopic ureteric catheterisation to collect urine; ureteroscopy is the closest endoscopic ureter procedure but is substantially broader.
446546004 (Cystoscopy and lithotripsy of calculus of bladder using laser)maps to wider conceptNAI.JE.AD (Transurethral extraction of calculus from bladder via cystoscopy)NAI.JE.AD captures cystoscopic extraction of a bladder calculus but does not specify the laser as the destructive means.
176136000 (Cystostomy and insertion of suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD covers accessing the bladder and inserting a device; it is wider because it does not encode the percutaneous/suprapubic approach specifically, nor the cystostomy creation step.
439497008 (Cystourethroscopy and excision of internal sphincter)maps to wider conceptNAK.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic resection of bladder neck)The internal urethral sphincter is anatomically located at the bladder neck; the ICHI code is wider as it refers to the bladder neck generally rather than specifically to the sphincter tissue.
79181001 (Cystourethroscopy with dilation of urethral stricture)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of urethra)NAM.LG.AD captures the endoscopic dilatation action on the urethra; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the indication is a stricture.
168440009 (Cytology examination - general)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)XG4JJ6 is the ICHI extension code for cytology generally and subsumes all cytology testing.
8796000 (Cytopathology procedure requiring centrifugation, nongenital source)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)XG4JJ6 covers cytology broadly and does not differentiate by processing technique or specimen source.
44977009 (Cytopathology procedure, cell block preparation)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)Cell block preparation is a specific cytopathology technique not represented in ICHI; the general Cytology extension code is the closest available concept.
48595005 (Cytopathology procedure, filtering of smear, nongenital source)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)Smear filtering is a specific specimen preparation method not coded in ICHI; only the general Cytology code is available.
787370003 (Cytopathology procedure, imprint preparation)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)Imprint (touch) preparation is a distinct cytological technique with no dedicated ICHI code; the general Cytology extension code is the closest match.
104163007 (Cytopathology procedure, preparation of smear and interpretation, non-genital source)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)This compound procedure (preparation + interpretation, non-genital) is not modelled at this granularity in ICHI; only the broad Cytology code is available.
88242007 (Cytopathology procedure, preparation, screening and interpretation, nongenital source)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)Captures the full cytopathology workflow for non-genital specimens, which ICHI does not model at this detail; only the broad Cytology code is available.
31385005 (Cytopathology screening of smear, routine, nongenital source, by cytotechnologist)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)ICHI has no code for routine nongenital cytotechnologist smear screening; the genital Pap codes do not apply, leaving the general Cytology code as the closest match.
359825008 (Cytopathology, review of bronchioalveolar lavage specimen)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)No specific BAL cytology code exists in ICHI; the broad Cytology extension code is the closest available match.
104160005 (Cytopathology, review of slides and report, Bethesda System, genital source, by physician)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)NMF.AH.XH covers genital cytology (cervical Pap smear) but does not encode slide review, the Bethesda System, or physician role.
104161009 (Cytopathology, review of slides and report, CSF)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)No CSF-specific cytology code exists; the broad Cytology extension code is the closest available match.
359828005 (Cytopathology, review of slides and report, fluids, washings or brushings, by physician)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)XG4JJ6 covers cytology generally without distinguishing source material or reviewer; broader than this concept.
288105009 (Cytotoxic superficial application)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)Closest available match; covers topical drug delivery generally without restriction to cytotoxic agents.
225172000 (Dabbing stoma dry)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Dabbing dry is a specific nursing task within general stoma management; ICHI provides only the broader stoma management code.
72411001 (Dacryoadenectomy)maps to wider conceptBAD.JK.AA (Total excision of lacrimal apparatus)Dacryoadenectomy targets the lacrimal gland specifically, while BAD.JK.AA encompasses excision of the entire lacrimal apparatus.
231631004 (Dacryocystorhinostomy and insertion of tube)maps to wider conceptBAD.LI.AA (Dacryocystorhinostomy)ICHI codes the DCR procedure directly but does not capture the additional tube insertion.
75745001 (Dacryocystotomy)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)Dacryocystotomy is incision of the lacrimal sac specifically; ICHI codes incision of the lacrimal apparatus as a whole.
183398005 (Daily life psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a daily-life specific psychotherapy code; the residual whole-person psychotherapy code is the closest available match.
266743001 (Daily life rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)XG4691 is a generic rehabilitation extension code; the SNOMED concept is more specific to daily-life rehabilitation.
252412007 (Dairy food test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.AC (Food provocation test)A dairy food test is a specific food challenge; ICHI codes food provocation tests broadly without specifying the food.
53953003 (Dark adaptation study)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)Dark adaptation is a specific psychophysical test of rod/cone function; ICHI offers only generic eye assessment.
1148737009 (Debridement of abscess of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.JG.AA (Debridement of penis)Covers debridement of the penis generally without specifying the abscess aetiology.
72842003 (Debridement of forefoot)maps to wider conceptMOB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of foot or toe)ICHI does not distinguish forefoot from other foot regions; covers all foot/toe bones.
63821006 (Debridement of hindfoot)maps to wider conceptMOB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of foot or toe)ICHI does not distinguish hindfoot from other foot regions; covers all foot/toe bones.
448932000 (Debridement of open fracture of carpal bone)maps to wider conceptMFB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of forearm)No carpal-specific debridement code; ICHI groups carpal bones under the forearm region and does not encode the open-fracture context.
81203002 (Debridement of open fracture of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.JG.AA (Debridement of femur)Anatomical match for the femur; the open-fracture context is not encoded in ICHI.
19417000 (Debridement of open fracture of foot)maps to wider conceptMOB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of foot or toe)Anatomical match for the foot; open-fracture context not encoded in ICHI.
449685002 (Debridement of open fracture of lower leg)maps to wider conceptMNB.JG.AA (Debridement of tibia or fibula)Direct anatomical match for tibia/fibula; the open-fracture context is not encoded.
448933005 (Debridement of open fracture of metacarpal bone)maps to wider conceptMGB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of hand or finger)Metacarpal bones fall within hand/finger bone scope; ICHI does not isolate metacarpals or encode open-fracture context.
448890009 (Debridement of open fracture of patella)maps to wider conceptMMP.JG.AA (Debridement of patella)Direct anatomical match for the patella; open-fracture context is not encoded in ICHI.
39558001 (Debridement of open fracture of phalanges of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of hand or finger)Phalanges fall within hand/finger bone scope; ICHI does not isolate phalanges or encode open-fracture context.
74967000 (Debridement of open fracture of radius AND ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of forearm)Radius and ulna are forearm bones; ICHI does not distinguish individual forearm bones or encode the open-fracture context.
235471009 (Debridement of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis)maps to wider conceptKCO.JG.AA (Debridement of pancreas)Covers the pancreatic component but does not capture peripancreatic tissue or necrosectomy specificity.
446162003 (Debridement of shin)maps to wider conceptLAG.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)Shin is a subregion of the lower limb; ICHI has no shin-specific code.
450671005 (Debridement of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JG.AA (Debridement of soft tissue of unspecified site)Near-exact terminology but the ICHI code sits under the musculoskeletal soft tissue NEC block.
446526009 (Debulking of neoplasm of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ovary)ICHI has no debulking-specific code; local excision of ovarian lesion is the closest available match.
171655002 (Decompression of abducens nerve (VI))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171661004 (Decompression of accessory nerve (XI))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171658000 (Decompression of acoustic nerve (VIII))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
70299008 (Decompression of auditory nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)Auditory nerve is CN VIII; ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
405308002 (Decompression of axillary artery)maps to wider conceptIZE.FC.AA (Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)No axillary-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match.
302130002 (Decompression of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)Spinal canal release is the operative mechanism; ICHI does not specify spinal level.
23518000 (Decompression of cranial ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)Cranial ganglia fall under the cranial nerve target block; the code does not specify the ganglion or individual nerve.
265228007 (Decompression of facial nerve (VII))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171659008 (Decompression of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171662006 (Decompression of hypoglossal nerve (XII))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
473217009 (Decompression of intervertebral disc prolapse)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AA (Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)Discectomy decompresses prolapse; ICHI is not restricted to a prolapse indication or specific spinal level.
1303622000 (Decompression of left median nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Generic peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not median-nerve- or laterality-specific (laterality via extension).
302129007 (Decompression of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)Spinal canal release; ICHI is not restricted to the lumbar level.
171850009 (Decompression of median nerve at elbow)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Equivalent to peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not site- or nerve-specific.
171653009 (Decompression of oculomotor nerve (III))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171652004 (Decompression of optic nerve (II))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
447769005 (Decompression of popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIZE.FC.AA (Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)No popliteal-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match.
1303623005 (Decompression of right median nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Generic peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not median-nerve- or laterality-specific.
405307007 (Decompression of subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptIZE.FC.AA (Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)No subclavian-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match.
230980002 (Decompression of temporal section of facial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves or their segments.
178207004 (Decompression of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of unspecified site)No tendon-sheath-specific code; ICHI targets the tendon at unspecified site.
171656001 (Decompression of trigeminal nerve (V))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves.
171654003 (Decompression of trochlear nerve (IV))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is a cranial nerve and AAN.FC.AA covers release of any cranial nerve without identifying which one.
171849009 (Decompression of ulnar nerve at elbow)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)The ulnar nerve is a peripheral nerve; ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve without specifying nerve identity or anatomical site.
171838003 (Decompression of ulnar nerve at wrist)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve and does not distinguish the ulnar nerve or the wrist as the site of decompression.
171660003 (Decompression of vagus nerve (X))maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve; AAN.FC.AA captures release of any cranial nerve without specifying which one.
363051003 (Decompressive fasciotomy)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)Fasciotomy is incision through the fascia (a soft tissue layer) for compartment decompression; MRS.FA.AA is the closest available code but does not specify fascia, site, or decompressive intent.
363052005 (Decompressive incision of musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI lacks a dedicated decompressive incision/fasciotomy code; soft tissue incision at an unspecified musculoskeletal site is the closest available match without encoding decompressive intent.
409530006 (Decontamination)maps to wider conceptUB1.VL.ZZ (Environmental remediation or decontamination to reduce threats to health, unspecified)ICHI encodes decontamination only as an environmental intervention, whereas the SNOMED concept is broader (patient/equipment); UB1.VL.ZZ is the closest available code.
4443002 (Decortication of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ovary)Ovarian decortication strips the thickened cortex (a form of partial tissue removal); ICHI has no dedicated decortication code, so partial excision is the best available match.
436691000124108 (Decreased carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)A carbohydrate-restricted diet has no specific ICHI code; UAB.TI.ZZ covers prescription of food generally without specifying the macronutrient restricted.
437631000124106 (Decreased casein diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)Casein restriction is not represented in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the closest available match as the general code for food prescription interventions.
436711000124106 (Decreased cholesterol diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)Dietary cholesterol restriction is not separately encoded in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the best available match as the general food prescription category.
1148496003 (Decreased complex carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)Complex carbohydrate restriction is not distinguished in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the best available match at a broader level of food prescription.
436731000124100 (Decreased energy diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food (including caloric restriction) without specifying the type of modification or nutrient targeted.
1055207008 (Decreased fat and oil diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no fat-restriction-specific code; UAB.DA.ZZ (food modification) is the closest available match.
437641000124101 (Decreased gluten diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI contains no gluten-free or gluten-restriction code; UAB.DA.ZZ is the best available match as a broader category encompassing dietary substance restriction.
1142125005 (Decreased linoleic acid diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Linoleic acid restriction has no ICHI equivalent; UAB.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable code, covering any modification of food composition.
1156444001 (Decreased plant fiber diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI does not have a fiber-restriction code; UAB.DA.ZZ generically covers modifications to food content within which fiber reduction would fall.
1055201009 (Decreased protein and/or protein derivative diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI offers no protein-specific dietary code; UAB.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable food modification match.
1148499005 (Decreased simple carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI provides no sugar/simple-carb-specific code; UAB.DA.ZZ generic food modification is the best available match.
437601000124103 (Decreased tyramine diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A tyramine-restricted diet (typically prescribed alongside MAOI therapy) has no specific ICHI code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures the general concept of modifying dietary content.
231125003 (Deep cervical plexus block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific cervical plexus block code; ACA.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a peripheral nerve and is the closest available match.
419404004 (Deep lamellar keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)Keratoplasty covers the broader class of corneal grafting procedures; ICHI does not distinguish lamellar from penetrating approaches.
413955007 (Deep sclerectomy with collagen implant)maps to wider conceptBCB.JB.AA (Drainage of sclera)Deep sclerectomy is a non-penetrating glaucoma filtration procedure that creates a scleral drainage window; ICHI does not encode the collagen implant variant or the non-penetrating technique.
426966006 (Deep sclerectomy with spacer)maps to wider conceptBCB.JB.AA (Drainage of sclera)Like the collagen-implant variant, the spacer technique is a non-penetrating glaucoma drainage procedure; ICHI captures neither the technique nor the spacer device specifically.
1156668000 (Deferasirox therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator; ICHI has no chelation- or drug-specific code, so per-orifice pharmacotherapy administration is the closest available match.
225085000 (Deflating indwelling urethral catheter balloon)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no code specific to deflating a Foley catheter balloon; this code is the broadest applicable maintenance category for an indwelling urinary catheter.
711416001 (Dega osteotomy of pelvic bone)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)ICHI does not distinguish named pelvic osteotomy variants; osteotomy of pelvis subsumes the Dega procedure.
1303236001 (Delayed clamping of umbilical cord)maps to wider conceptNMM.LA.AH (Umbilical cord clamping)NMM.LA.AH covers umbilical cord clamping in general but does not encode the delayed timing aspect that defines this SNOMED concept.
440000004 (Delayed insertion of distal extension prosthesis of descending thoracic aorta)maps to wider conceptHIG.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta)The ICHI code matches the anatomical target and insertion action but does not specify the distal extension prosthesis (TEVAR component) nor the staged/delayed nature of the procedure.
65243006 (Delivery by midwife)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI does not encode provider type (midwife) within delivery codes; vaginal delivery is the closest procedural match since midwife-led deliveries are predominantly vaginal.
61586001 (Delivery by vacuum extraction)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI lacks a successful vacuum extraction delivery code; vaginal delivery is the closest available match but does not distinguish vacuum-assisted from unassisted delivery.
384730009 (Delivery of cephalic presentation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI does not encode fetal presentation as a dimension of delivery codes; vaginal delivery is the closest match since cephalic is the normal presenting part.
16819009 (Delivery of face presentation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI does not encode fetal presentation type within delivery codes; face presentation delivery is still classified as a vaginal delivery in ICHI.
450798003 (Delivery of occipitoposterior presentation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI classifies delivery only by route (vaginal vs caesarean) and does not subdivide by fetal head position; the ICHI code subsumes occipitoposterior deliveries.
384729004 (Delivery of vertex presentation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Vertex (cephalic) presentation is the standard position for vaginal delivery; ICHI does not stratify NME.JF.AC by fetal presentation type.
67487000 (Delta base, blood)maps to wider conceptXG8DL0 (Blood pH and gases)Delta base (change in base excess) is a derived acid-base parameter from arterial blood gas analysis; XG8DL0 covers the full blood gas panel rather than the specific delta base parameter.
711080006 (Demonstration of relaxation technique)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PH.ZZ (Training in handling stress and other psychological demands)Demonstrating a relaxation technique is a specific form of training patients in stress and psychological demand management; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the full range of stress-handling training, not only relaxation technique demonstration.
448338006 (Denervation of spinal facet joint of cervical vertebra)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)Facet joint denervation targets the medial branch of the cervical dorsal ramus (not the spinal nerve root proper), and ABN.GA.AE does not specify the cervical level or the facet joint-specific nerve supply, making the ICHI code broader.
448693009 (Denervation of spinal facet joint of lumbar vertebra)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)Lumbar facet denervation (medial branch ablation) maps to the same percutaneous spinal nerve destruction code, which does not distinguish the lumbar level or the facet joint-specific nerve target.
448694003 (Denervation of spinal facet joint of thoracic vertebra)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)Thoracic facet joint denervation via medial branch ablation maps to the same ICHI code for percutaneous spinal nerve root destruction; the code covers the concept but is broader, lacking thoracic level and facet-specific nerve specification.
700139004 (Denosumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)Denosumab (a subcutaneous RANK-L inhibitor monoclonal antibody) is administered percutaneously, but PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous pharmacotherapy and does not capture the specific drug, drug class, or therapeutic indication.
225362009 (Dental care)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAE (Interventions on teeth)"Dental care" is a broad umbrella term with no single assignable ICHI category; the block BlockL5-KAE groups all interventions on teeth and is the closest structural equivalent, making it wider relative to any specific procedure.
87189000 (Dental debridement)maps to wider conceptKAE.JG.AC (Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement)KAE.JG.AC is the specific ICHI code for dental debridement but bundles scaling and polishing together with debridement, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept of debridement alone.
81733005 (Dental surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAE (Interventions on teeth)"Dental surgical procedure" is a high-level category encompassing multiple specific surgeries; no single assignable ICHI category represents it as a class, so the block grouping all interventions on teeth is the most appropriate, broader structural equivalent.
773298008 (Dental trauma consultation and report)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI's "Dental examination" is the closest available code covering clinical assessment of the dentition, but it does not capture the specific context of trauma or the report/documentation component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
385938002 (Denture care assessment)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)No ICHI code exists specifically for denture or removable prosthesis assessment; "Dental examination" is the closest available code under "Interventions on teeth" and encompasses clinical oral/dental assessment, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which is scoped specifically to denture status.
385939005 (Denture care management)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A denture is an external dental appliance, and "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the best structural match available in ICHI for managing a removable dental prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader since it applies to any external tooth appliance.
37236007 (Dermabrasion)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)Dermabrasion is a mechanical debridement of superficial skin layers performed without incision, mapping to the ICHI debridement-without-incision action on skin; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of non-incisional skin debridement across any body site.
59601001 (Dermabrasion of face)maps to wider conceptLAA.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision)Dermabrasion of the face is a mechanical non-incisional debridement of skin in the head/neck region; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any non-incisional debridement technique in that region, not only dermabrasion of the face specifically.
443540002 (Dermabrasion of tattoo of external genitalia)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)External genitalia skin is not covered by the anatomically-specific skin debridement codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb), so the NEC residual code is the best available match; broader as it does not specify site, technique, or the tattoo-removal purpose.
443541003 (Dermabrasion of tattoo of extremity)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)"Extremity" is ambiguous between upper and lower limb, and ICHI has separate codes for upper (LAE) and lower (LAG) limb debridement, making the NEC code the appropriate choice when laterality is unspecified; broader because it does not specify site, technique, or the tattoo-removal indication.
33725003 (Dermal-fat skin graft)maps to wider conceptXG2SS9 (Full thickness skin graft (autograft))A dermal-fat graft is a composite autograft comprising dermis and subcutaneous fat, closely related to a full-thickness skin graft (which includes the full dermis and may include some subcutaneous fat); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all full-thickness autografts.
2716009 (Dermal-fat-fascia graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's skin graft NEC captures the graft of integumentary (dermal) tissue, but the SNOMED concept involves a composite graft of dermis, fat, and fascia together — a more precise multi-tissue construct that ICHI does not represent at this granularity.
30078008 (Dermatology consultation and report, brief)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specialty-specific consultation code for dermatology; the closest available code is the whole-person general health assessment, which is broader in scope and does not distinguish brief from comprehensive encounter complexity.
25028003 (Dermatology consultation and report, comprehensive)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI lacks a dermatology-specific or complexity-differentiated consultation code; the general health assessment is the best available match but is broader, covering any specialty and without capturing the comprehensive complexity level.
13745000 (Dermographia test)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)A dermographia test is a specific form of skin provocation testing (applying firm pressure/stroking to elicit a urticarial response); LZZ.AC.AE is the closest available code in the integumentary system block, though broader as it covers intradermal challenges generally rather than mechanical dermographia.
12599003 (Deroofing procedure on vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)Deroofing of a vertebra (resection of the posterior arch/lamina to decompress the spinal canal) is a form of partial vertebral bone removal; broader as it encompasses any partial vertebral bone resection regardless of the specific surgical intent.
722186004 (Descemet's membrane automated endothelial keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)ICHI has only a single keratoplasty code with no sub-types for specific lamellar or endothelial techniques; DMEK, DMAEK, and DSAEK all map to this one code, broader as it does not distinguish the automated, Descemet's membrane-specific variant.
722185000 (Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)DMEK is a specific posterior lamellar corneal transplant technique targeting the endothelium and Descemet's membrane exclusively; ICHI does not classify individual keratoplasty variants, so the single BBB.ML.AA code subsumes all keratoplasty types.
722184001 (Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)DSAEK is a specific endothelial keratoplasty technique; as with the other DMEK variants, ICHI has no code at this level of granularity, and BBB.ML.AA is the single available keratoplasty code that encompasses it.
421266004 (Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty)maps to wider conceptBBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)DSEK is a selective posterior lamellar corneal transplant technique targeting only the endothelial layer; BBB.KD.AA covers the broader category of corneal transplantation without specifying the endothelial-only, Descemet-stripping approach.
10536000 (Desiccation of lesion of penis using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptNGM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of penis)NGM.GA.AA captures the correct target (penis) and action (destruction of lesion) but does not specify the means (electrical energy/desiccation); broader because it encompasses all destruction modalities.
16593004 (Destruction of benign facial lesions, first lesion)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.GA.AH covers destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region (not facial skin specifically), and it does not encode the qualifier "benign" or the "first lesion" counting context.
230859007 (Destruction of brain tumor)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)AAA.GA.AA captures destruction of brain lesion or tissue by any method, aligning well with brain tumor destruction, but the ICHI code does not specify the neoplastic nature of the target and covers non-tumour lesions as well.
82948008 (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion by diathermy)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)BCA.GA.AH matches exactly on target (chorioretinal lesion) and action (destruction), but the means axis AH ("without incision/non-specified surface approach") does not explicitly encode diathermy as the technique, making it slightly broader.
63831004 (Destruction of endometriotic cyst of intraabdominal region)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)KMA.GA.AA covers destruction of peritoneal tissue broadly; the closest structural match (peritoneum is the primary location of intraabdominal endometriotic cysts) but lacks specificity for endometriosis or cyst type.
446555001 (Destruction of eyelash follicle using laser)maps to wider conceptLBA.GA.AA (Destruction of skin appendage of head or neck)Eyelash follicles are skin appendages of the head; LBA.GA.AA covers the target anatomy and action correctly, but the means axis is AA (open/unspecified) rather than laser, and it encompasses all skin appendages of head/neck.
450343005 (Destruction of lacrimal gland)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, ducts, nasolacrimal system), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the lacrimal gland itself; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope.
177933004 (Destruction of lesion of anterior abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptLAB.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no dedicated anterior abdominal wall destruction code — the abdominal wall block lacks any GA category, so the closest available code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, broader in scope and not lesion-specific.
19243001 (Destruction of lesion of Bartholin's gland by marsupialization)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)ICHI has no code specific to Bartholin's gland; the closest anatomical parent is the vulva block, and NMI.GA.AA is the only destruction code available there. Wider because it covers the entire vulva and does not capture the marsupialization technique.
234903009 (Destruction of lesion of cheek)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The cheek (buccal mucosa) is an oral cavity structure and ICHI's closest code is the residual "oral cavity, not elsewhere classified" destruction code, which encompasses the cheek but is broader; no cheek-specific destruction code exists in ICHI.
64943007 (Destruction of lesion of choroid by photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)ICHI codes the posterior eye segment collectively as "chorioretinal," so this code encompasses choroid-only lesion destruction but is broader; the photocoagulation means is also unspecified.
59465003 (Destruction of lesion of cornea by cryotherapy)maps to wider conceptBBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)The ICHI code matches the target (cornea) and action (destruction of lesion) exactly, but does not capture the specific means (cryotherapy), making it broader.
13107005 (Destruction of lesion of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI's code covers destruction of the cranial nerve itself, not specifically a lesion on it, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
43135000 (Destruction of lesion of eyebrow)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The eyebrow is part of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck; ICHI has no eyebrow-specific code, and LAA.GA.AH covers the entire head/neck skin region.
239226005 (Destruction of lesion of ganglion)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for destruction of a ganglion lesion; ACA.GA.AA is the closest match as ganglia are integral structures of the peripheral nervous system, but it covers any peripheral nerve destruction.
19802006 (Destruction of lesion of lacrimal sac)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.GA.AH covers destruction of the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, duct, canaliculi), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the lacrimal sac.
173224008 (Destruction of lesion of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lip)KAA.GA.AH covers destruction of the lip broadly, not specifically a lesion of the lip; ICHI does not have a dedicated "destruction of lesion of lip" code.
450433006 (Destruction of lesion of oral cavity)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.GA.AC uses the destruction action on the oral cavity target, but its title refers to destruction of the oral cavity rather than specifically of a lesion within it.
174720009 (Destruction of lesion of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)KCO.GA.AA matches the destruction action and pancreas target, but also encompasses the pancreatic duct and broader tissue destruction, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
6439004 (Destruction of lesion of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of the peripheral nerve as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to destruction of a lesion of the peripheral nerve.
238304002 (Destruction of lesion of peritoneum)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)KMA.GA.AA describes destruction of peritoneal tissue generally, broader than the SNOMED concept that is specifically scoped to a lesion of the peritoneum.
87031008 (Destruction of lesion of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for "destruction of a lesion" of skin; the closest code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue broadly (NEC), wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on a discrete skin lesion.
63956009 (Destruction of lesion of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal cord)ICHI does not have a code specifically for destruction of a lesion of the spinal cord; ABA.GA.AA describes destruction of the spinal cord as a whole structure, semantically broader.
40014003 (Destruction of lesion of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's most precise unspecified-site destruction code for subcutaneous tissue covers both skin and subcutaneous tissue together and is categorised as "not elsewhere classified," making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue specifically. No subcutaneous-only destruction-of-lesion code exists in ICHI without the skin component.
66950009 (Destruction of lesion of sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no destruction code specifically for the sympathetic nerve or its lesion; sympathetic nervous system codes cover excision by anatomical region rather than destruction of a lesion. The closest general match is destruction of peripheral nerve, broader because sympathetic nerves are a subset of the peripheral nervous system.
89207003 (Destruction of lesion of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)ICHI code covers destruction of either a lesion or tissue of the urethra, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only a lesion. Semantically the closest available match.
48185007 (Destruction of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)ICHI code covers destruction of a lesion or tissue of the bladder without specifying approach, matching the SNOMED procedure intent. The "or tissue" qualifier makes it marginally broader than the SNOMED lesion-specific term.
450340008 (Destruction of perivascular sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code for perivascular sympathetic nerves specifically; sympathetic nerve blocks (ADB–ADE) only contain excision actions, not destruction. ACA.GA.AA is the closest available code but is broader, covering any peripheral nerve.
450800005 (Destruction of pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no code for pilonidal sinus specifically; the pilonidal sinus is located in the sacrococcygeal subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, making LAB.GA.AH the closest structural match, but it is broader — applying to any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk.
446279000 (Destruction of pterygium using laser)maps to wider conceptBBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva)A pterygium is a fibrovascular lesion of the conjunctiva, so laser destruction of a pterygium falls within "destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva." The ICHI code is wider because it covers any lesion or tissue of the conjunctiva by any means.
439520001 (Destruction of pudendal nerve using neurolytic agent)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve, and chemical neurolysis is a modality of peripheral nerve destruction. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses destruction of any peripheral nerve by any means.
37149007 (Destruction of retroperitoneal cysts)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)ICHI has no dedicated retroperitoneal target; the closest structural match is the peritoneum/peritoneal block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers peritoneal tissue broadly without distinguishing retroperitoneal cysts specifically.
48939008 (Destruction of retroperitoneal tumor)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)ICHI lacks a dedicated retroperitoneal target or tumor-specific destruction code; "destruction of peritoneal tissue" is the closest available code covering tissue destruction in the peritoneal/retroperitoneal region. The ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish tumor type or anatomical subsite.
699498007 (Destruction of tissue of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's NEC code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue across all body regions, semantically close but also includes subcutaneous tissue beyond the skin alone, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
85891007 (Destructive procedure of external ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)ICHI's code targets the auricle (pinna), the principal anatomical structure of the external ear; the SNOMED concept could also include the external auditory canal, but CAC sits directly under "Interventions on external ear" and is the only destruction code available in that section.
38679003 (Destructive procedure of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of eyelid)BAA.GA.AH refers to destruction of a lesion of the eyelid rather than destruction of eyelid tissue in general; however, it is the only non-radiotherapy destruction code for the eyelid in ICHI and is the best available match.
419424000 (Destructive procedure of lacrimal drainage structure)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, ducts, puncta, canaliculi), while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the lacrimal drainage structure (nasolacrimal duct, puncta, canaliculi), making the ICHI code broader.
695009 (Destructive procedure of lesion on skin of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers destruction of any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to destruction of a lesion on trunk skin, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
78127006 (Destructive procedure of wrist and hand)maps to wider conceptMFJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint)ICHI has destruction codes for the wrist joint and the finger/hand joint separately, but no single code covers both wrist and hand together; the SNOMED concept is broader in anatomical scope than either individual ICHI code.
75596002 (Destructive procedure on adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptEBC.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of adrenal gland by radiotherapy)This is the only destruction code for the adrenal gland in ICHI and it is modality-specific (radiotherapy), whereas the SNOMED concept is modality-neutral and encompasses all destructive methods (ablation, cryotherapy, RFA, etc.).
62446008 (Destructive procedure on brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of brain, semantically aligning with the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code specifies a lesion or tissue rather than the brain organ broadly, slightly wider relative to the SNOMED concept's general "destructive procedure on brain" scope.
30142001 (Destructive procedure on larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx)JAN.GA.AA directly names destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx; coded as wider because it is framed as destroying a lesion or tissue within the larynx rather than the organ itself, and the SNOMED concept encompasses any destructive modality applied to the larynx as a whole.
43197005 (Destructive procedure on mouth AND lips)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.GA.AC represents destruction of the oral cavity as a whole (NEC), which encompasses both the mouth and lips, making it broader than a procedure specifically combining both sites; KAA.GA.AH covers only the lip and misses the mouth component, so the oral cavity NEC code is the better single best-fit for a combined mouth-and-lips destructive procedure.
21118000 (Destructive procedure on pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)KCO.GA.AA is the most specific ICHI code for pancreatic destruction and aligns well semantically; however it also includes the pancreatic duct as a target, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the pancreas itself.
50965000 (Destructive procedure on pineal gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EAB (Interventions on pineal gland)ICHI has no specific destruction (GA action) code for the pineal gland — the block EAB contains only biopsy, exploration, incision, and excision children. Assigning the block is the best available match, making it wider than the specific SNOMED destructive procedure concept.
363069007 (Destructive procedure on subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of both skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies subcutaneous tissue alone; no ICHI code isolates subcutaneous tissue destruction without also including skin.
252499002 (Detailed occlusal analysis using study models)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no code for occlusal analysis or study model casting; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering all dental examination activities rather than the specific technique of detailed occlusal analysis with study models.
117725006 (Detection of bacteria)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)XG6201 covers genus and species identification of bacteria, which encompasses bacterial detection, but the ICHI code also includes fungi within its scope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that is limited to bacteria only.
445203006 (Detection of Ehrlichia using polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)There is no ICHI code for bacterial nucleic acid amplification or PCR-based detection; XG6201 (bacterial and fungal genus/species identification) is the closest available code, but it is far broader — covering all identification methods for bacteria and fungi rather than a PCR-specific test for a single organism (Ehrlichia). XG4U02 "Viral nucleic acid amplification test" is scoped to viruses and is not applicable.
359909004 (Detection of erythrocyte antibody complement complex binding)maps to wider conceptXG4QN1 (Direct antiglobulin test)The SNOMED concept describes a specific subtype of the direct antiglobulin test (Coombs) that detects complement (C3) coating on erythrocytes, whereas XG4QN1 covers the direct antiglobulin test in general without distinguishing between IgG-specific and complement-specific subtypes.
359903003 (Detection of erythrocyte IgG antibody complex binding)maps to wider conceptXG4QN1 (Direct antiglobulin test)The SNOMED concept describes the IgG-specific direct antiglobulin test (monospecific DAT for IgG), while XG4QN1 covers the direct antiglobulin test as a general procedure without specifying the immunoglobulin class being detected.
122061000 (Detection of fungus)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)XG6201 covers identification of fungi, which encompasses fungal detection, but the ICHI code jointly includes bacteria in its scope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to fungi only.
445133005 (Detection of Human herpesvirus 3 using polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly, which subsumes a PCR-based detection of Human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus); no herpesvirus-specific nucleic acid test code exists in ICHI, so the available code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
445401006 (Detection of Human herpesvirus 6 using polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)As with HHV-3, XG4U02 is the only applicable ICHI code for a PCR-based viral nucleic acid amplification test; it is broader than this specific HHV-6 detection concept, and no herpesvirus-specific code exists in ICHI.
445402004 (Detection of Human herpesvirus 8 using polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)Same reasoning as HHV-3 and HHV-6 above — XG4U02 is the best available ICHI match for any viral PCR-based detection, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept specific to Human herpesvirus 8.
772835009 (Detection of Influenza A virus using PCR - polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG1RC2 (Influenza A and B nucleic acid test)XG1RC2 covers both Influenza A and Influenza B via nucleic acid testing (which includes PCR as a method), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to Influenza A only using the PCR technique. The ICHI code is broader in both pathogen scope and method specification.
444974003 (Detection of Measles virus using polymerase chain reaction technique)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)ICHI has no measles-specific code; XG4U02 is a generic viral nucleic acid amplification test (which encompasses PCR) applicable to any virus. This is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which names both the specific pathogen (Measles virus) and the specific technique (PCR).
444281001 (Detection of ordinal level of hemoglobin F in blood)maps to wider conceptXG52S7 (Haemoglobin)ICHI has no code specific to haemoglobin F (fetal haemoglobin) measurement; XG52S7 covers haemoglobin testing broadly without distinguishing between haemoglobin types or measurement methodology, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies haemoglobin F (fetal) measured at an ordinal level in blood.
104144006 (Determination of hemoglobin subtype)maps to wider conceptXG52S7 (Haemoglobin)XG52S7 "Haemoglobin" is an essential laboratory test extension code representing haemoglobin testing in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies subtype/variant determination (e.g., haemoglobin electrophoresis). The ICHI code is broader, covering any haemoglobin test rather than specifically subtyping/fractionation.
46857000 (Determination of resistance to airflow by plethysmographic method)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)JTB.AC.ZZ "Test of respiration function" is the best available ICHI code for a specific respiratory physiology test such as body plethysmography for airway resistance; ICHI has no code for plethysmography or airway resistance testing specifically, so this functional testing code captures the general activity but is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
277837003 (Detrusor myotomy)maps to wider conceptMRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for detrusor (bladder muscle) myotomy, and the urinary bladder block (NAI) contains no myotomy entry; MRM.FA.AA "Myotomy of unspecified site" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified muscle incision rather than the detrusor specifically.
63295000 (Dewebbing of syndactyly of fingers)maps to wider conceptLAE.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)Dewebbing of finger syndactyly is a surgical procedure that divides the conjoined skin/soft tissue web between fused fingers and typically includes skin grafting to reconstruct the resulting defect; LAE.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb) is the closest available category in ICHI but is considerably broader, covering any open repair of upper limb skin rather than the specific syndactyly release context.
68820009 (Dewebbing of syndactyly of toes)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)Dewebbing of toe syndactyly involves surgical separation and skin reconstruction of fused toe web spaces; LAG.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb) is the closest available ICHI category but is considerably broader, encompassing any open repair of lower limb skin rather than the specific syndactyly release procedure.
252190006 (Dexamethasone suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The dexamethasone suppression test is a specific provocative/suppression test of the HPA axis (assessing cortisol/adrenocortical function), while ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions in general with no means specified. ETK.AA.ZZ is broader in both target (all endocrine glands) and method (any assessment approach).
385803003 (Diabetic care assessment)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)Diabetic care assessment is an evaluation of a patient's diabetes status, which maps most precisely to assessment of general metabolic functions given that diabetes mellitus is a disorder of metabolic regulation. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all general metabolic function assessments, not just those specifically for diabetes monitoring.
6143009 (Diabetic education)maps to wider conceptETK.PM.ZZ (Education about endocrine gland functions)ETK.PM.ZZ maps education (action PM) to the endocrine gland functions target (ETK), which is the correct body-system axis for diabetes; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers education about all endocrine gland functions and is not restricted to diabetes specifically.
265635006 (Diagnostic amniocentesis)maps to wider conceptNMM.AH.AE (Amniocentesis)NMM.AH.AE (amniocentesis, percutaneous — AH = aspiration, AE = percutaneous) covers the procedure precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because the ICHI code does not restrict to the diagnostic intent; therapeutic amniocentesis (amnioreduction) would also fall under this code in the absence of a distinguishing qualifier.
287572003 (Diagnostic aspiration of breast cyst)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the breast generally, which subsumes needle aspiration of a breast cyst, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the target is a cyst nor that the intent is diagnostic. The approach (percutaneous) aligns well with the standard technique for breast cyst aspiration.
1236978009 (Diagnostic aspiration of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis)maps to wider conceptNGL.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of testes)NGL.JB.AE is the closest available ICHI code — percutaneous aspiration in the testis/tunica vaginalis region — but it targets the testis rather than specifically the tunica vaginalis hydrocele, and does not encode the diagnostic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
274384004 (Diagnostic aspiration of liver abscess)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)KCA.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage/aspiration of the liver, which encompasses aspiration of a liver abscess, but the ICHI code does not specify the target lesion type (abscess) or the diagnostic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1231721006 (Diagnostic aspiration of liver cyst)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)KCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the liver broadly without distinguishing the lesion type (cyst vs. abscess) or specifying diagnostic purpose, so it is wider than the SNOMED concept.
274386002 (Diagnostic aspiration of spermatocele)maps to wider conceptNGL.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of testes)A spermatocele is an epididymal cyst, and its aspiration would fall under the testis/adnexa region in ICHI; NGL.JB.AE is the best available code, but it targets the testis rather than the epididymis specifically and does not encode the diagnostic intent or the cystic nature of the target, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
450658007 (Diagnostic extraction of bone marrow)maps to wider conceptDGA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow)Diagnostic extraction of bone marrow (i.e., aspiration/trephine biopsy for diagnostic purposes) is best represented by DGA.AD.AE, which is a percutaneous biopsy — capturing the diagnostic intent and the standard percutaneous technique. The ICHI code is slightly broader because "biopsy" in ICHI encompasses both needle aspiration and core biopsy without distinguishing the specific extraction modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a diagnostic extraction.
175182002 (Diagnostic pericardiocentesis)maps to wider conceptHFF.JB.AE (Pericardiocentesis)HFF.JB.AE exactly names pericardiocentesis and encodes the correct target (pericardium), action (drainage/aspiration), and approach (percutaneous). The ICHI code is marginally wider because it does not explicitly encode the "diagnostic" qualifier — it covers both diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis — but it is the closest and most precise available match.
177820006 (Diagnostic pleurocentesis)maps to wider conceptJCA.JB.AE (Pleurocentesis)JCA.JB.AE exactly names pleurocentesis with the correct target (pleura), action (aspiration), and percutaneous approach. As with pericardiocentesis, the ICHI code does not encode the "diagnostic" qualifier and therefore covers both diagnostic and therapeutic pleurocentesis, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
165172002 (Diagnostic psychiatric interview)maps to wider conceptAS1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AN.ZZ is the closest ICHI match — it encodes a structured interview (action AN = interview) targeting mental functions (target AS1 = mental functions, unspecified), which aligns with the core clinical activity of a diagnostic psychiatric interview. It is wider because it covers any interview about mental functions broadly, not specifically a formal psychiatric diagnostic assessment.
55052008 (Diagnostic ultrasound of gravid uterus)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for ultrasound of the pregnant/gravid uterus as an anatomical target; NMR.BA.BJ captures obstetric ultrasound directed at fetal structures, which is the primary clinical purpose of this procedure, but the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it covers fetal structures generally rather than the gravid uterus specifically.
385971003 (Dialysis care)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)"Dialysis care" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing all care activities surrounding dialysis, while NAA.JC.AF represents the renal dialysis procedure itself; NAA.JC.AF is the closest single code for general renal dialysis care, but it covers only the dialysis act, not the broader care context.
120167008 (Diaphragm closure)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)"Diaphragm closure" refers to surgical closure/suturing of the thoracic diaphragm (e.g., closing a diaphragmatic defect or laceration), which falls within repair of diaphragm. MCX.MK.AA is slightly broader as "repair" encompasses multiple techniques beyond closure alone, but it is the closest available ICHI category for this thoracic diaphragm procedure.
386260000 (Diarrhea care)maps to wider conceptKTK.PM.ZZ (Education about defaecation functions)"Diarrhea care" is a broad nursing/care concept that can include patient education, advising, and supportive management around defaecation dysfunction. KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about defaecation functions, which captures a key component of diarrhea care, but ICHI has no single code that encompasses the full clinical management concept — making this ICHI code broader than the specific diarrhea care activity.
39412000 (Diascopy procedure)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Diascopy is a diagnostic technique in which a glass slide or clear instrument is pressed against skin to observe blanching (used to differentiate purpura from erythema); ICHI has no specific code for this technique, but LZZ.AE.AH (inspection of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC) is the closest structural match, as diascopy is fundamentally a visual inspection of skin performed without incision. The ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of skin inspection rather than the specific glass-pressure technique.
234313006 (Diathermy of cystic hygroma)maps to wider conceptDFO.GA.AF (Destruction of lymphatic vessel)A cystic hygroma is a lymphatic malformation (lymphangioma) involving abnormal lymphatic vessels, and diathermy is a method of thermal destruction. DFO.GA.AF (destruction of lymphatic vessel, percutaneous) captures the target (lymphatic vessel) and action (destruction), but diathermy as a specific means is not encoded and cystic hygroma as a distinct lesion entity is not distinguished from a generic lymphatic vessel — making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
700430009 (Dietary education for preparation of bowel for procedure)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food broadly, which captures the educational nature of this concept, but it does not encode the specificity of bowel preparation for a procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
284071006 (Dietary treatment for disorder)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)Using food as treatment for a disorder is best represented by the act of prescribing/ordering food in ICHI, but the ICHI code does not capture the therapeutic/treatment intent for a specific disorder, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
303748006 (Digestive system contrast procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system)ICHI encodes individual contrast imaging procedures at specific anatomical sites (e.g. KBA.BA.BB X-ray of oesophagus with contrast medium, KBI.BA.BB Barium oesophagogastroduodenography) but has no single code covering "digestive system contrast procedure" as a category-level grouper; the parent block BlockL3-KAA (digestive system interventions) is the broadest available container, making it wider than this SNOMED grouper concept.
239033002 (Digital examination)maps to wider conceptKBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum)"Digital examination" in clinical usage almost invariably refers to digital rectal examination (DRE); KBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader in that it does not specify the finger-based technique, and "digital examination" as a SNOMED concept is itself a parent grouper that could encompass other sites (e.g. vaginal, anal) beyond the rectum.
261521007 (Digital incision)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)"Digital incision" denotes an incision performed using a finger (rather than a scalpel), but ICHI has no code capturing the instrument/technique of a finger-performed incision; the closest match is the generic soft tissue incision code MRS.FA.AA, which does not specify the body part or the digital means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
315308008 (Dilatation of cervix for delivery)maps to wider conceptNMF.LG.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal)NMF.LG.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal without restricting context to obstetric delivery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically performed in the context of labour and delivery; no more specific obstetric-context cervical dilatation code exists in ICHI.
391998006 (Dilation and curettage of uterus after delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)ICHI NME.JE.AC covers D&C of the uterus in general without encoding the post-delivery (postpartum) clinical context; there is no ICHI-specific code for D&C performed after delivery (e.g., for retained products of conception), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
4904006 (Dilation of anal sphincter under nonlocal anesthesia)maps to wider conceptKBX.LG.AC (Dilatation of anal sphincter)ICHI KBX.LG.AC encodes dilatation of the anal sphincter exactly, but does not capture the anesthesia qualifier (nonlocal/general anesthesia) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from simple office-based anal dilation, making the ICHI code broader.
235570008 (Dilation of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct)The SNOMED concept is route-neutral (dilation of bile duct by any means), while KCM.LG.AD specifies the endoscopic approach. No unqualified standalone bile duct dilatation code exists in ICHI; KCM.LG.AD is the best available fit, with ICHI being narrower in approach but the closest semantic match.
265062002 (Dilation of cervix uteri and curettage of products of conception from uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)NME.JE.AC covers dilatation and curettage of the uterus generically (including for any indication), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to curettage of products of conception (e.g., ERPC after miscarriage or incomplete abortion); the ICHI code is therefore broader.
174140006 (Dilation of colostomy stoma)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "dilatation of colostomy stoma" code; PTD.SN.AC covers general stoma management as a residual/NEC category, which is broader than the specific act of dilating a colostomy stoma.
82847004 (Dilation of ileostomy stoma)maps to wider conceptKBK.LG.AC (Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for dilation of an ileostomy stoma specifically; KBK.LG.AC covers dilatation of the small intestine (NEC, open approach), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that targets the stoma opening of an ileostomy.
57422005 (Dilation of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ureter)NAE.LG.AD captures dilatation of the ureter by endoscopic means, matching the target organ exactly; the SNOMED concept does not specify approach. There is no unspecified-approach equivalent code, making this the best available match at the intervention level.
176384003 (Dilation of urethral meatus)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of urethra)ICHI NAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the urethra as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the urethral meatus (the external opening); no ICHI code exists for meatal dilation in isolation, so the urethra-level code is the closest match and is broader.
13002002 (Dilation of Wharton's duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of salivary duct)KAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the salivary duct generically under the salivary gland block, while Wharton's duct is specifically the submandibular salivary duct; no ICHI code exists for duct-specific salivary dilatation, so this broader code is the best available match.
315316004 (Dipping - examination)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)"Dipping" is a clinical physical examination manoeuvre (ballottement/dipping palpation for organomegaly or ascites) with no dedicated ICHI code; PZX.AE.AH as a catch-all physical examination of a body site is the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than this specific technique.
172869001 (Direct closure of defect of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla)ICHI has no specific "closure of defect" code for the maxilla; the closest available code is MAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla), which covers the concept of restoring maxillary structural integrity including defect closure, but is broader in scope.
10831003 (Direct closure of laceration of conjunctiva with nonperforating scleral laceration)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)The SNOMED concept describes a combined repair involving both the conjunctiva and a nonperforating scleral laceration; ICHI's BBA.MK.AA covers repair of the conjunctiva but does not capture the scleral component. Since the primary target in the SNOMED term is the conjunctival laceration and the scleral laceration is nonperforating, BBA.MK.AA is the best single code, though wider than the full SNOMED specificity.
438558008 (Direct current atrial defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH represents conversion of cardiac arrhythmia, which encompasses DC cardioversion/defibrillation of the atrium; however, ICHI does not distinguish the target chamber (atrial vs. ventricular) or the modality (DC shock vs. pharmacological), making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
439868004 (Direct current ventricular defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies direct current (DC shock) applied specifically to the ventricles (defibrillation rather than cardioversion). The ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the electrical modality (DC vs other) nor the chamber specificity.
233035002 (Direct insertion of left atrial catheter)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF is the closest available ICHI code, covering left heart catheterisation broadly; the SNOMED concept specifies direct (surgical, non-percutaneous) insertion of a catheter specifically into the left atrium, which is more specific than the ICHI code captures in terms of both approach and chamber specificity.
233023001 (Direct insertion of right atrial catheter)maps to wider conceptHZB.AB.AF (Right heart cardiac catheterisation)HZB.AB.AF is the best available ICHI match, covering right heart catheterisation generally; the SNOMED concept specifies direct (open surgical) insertion of a catheter into the right atrium specifically, which is more granular than the ICHI code reflects in terms of both approach and chamber precision.
225247009 (Direct intraperitoneal insemination)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)KMA.DB.AE describes injection into the peritoneal cavity but makes no reference to the reproductive purpose (delivering sperm/gametes for fertilisation); it is the closest structural match in ICHI since there is no dedicated insemination or assisted reproduction code. The ICHI code is considerably broader in scope.
128325007 (Direct laryngoscopy with surgical procedure)maps to wider conceptJAN.AE.AC (Laryngoscopy)ICHI has no single code for "laryngoscopy as a vehicle for an unspecified surgical procedure"; the closest code is plain laryngoscopy (JAN.AE.AC), which is broader because it does not capture the unspecified surgical act performed under direct vision. The specific surgical component would require knowing which procedure was done to select a more precise code.
1340250005 (Direct pulp capping of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.DB.AC (Application of substance to teeth)ICHI has no dedicated pulp capping code; direct pulp capping involves applying a protective substance (e.g., calcium hydroxide or MTA) directly onto exposed pulp tissue, which falls under "application of substance to teeth" (KAE.DB.AC), though that code is broader and covers all topical dental applications, not just pulp capping.
39096005 (Direct repair of artery of finger)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific repair codes for thoracic arteries (IDA.MK.AA) but no dedicated code for arteries of the hand or finger; IZA.MK.AA (repair of artery, NEC) is the appropriate residual category and covers the correct action (repair/MK) and target type (artery), but is broader because it does not specify the digital/finger vessel.
40815003 (Direct repair of artery of hand)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICHI has no code specific to the hand artery; the closest anatomically specific code covers the full upper limb artery. Additionally, "ML" (reconstruction) is broader than "direct repair" (primary suture/angiorrhaphy), and no MK-action code exists for upper limb arteries in ICHI.
17287001 (Direct repair of artery of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI's closest anatomically specific code covers the lower limb artery as a whole using the reconstruction action (ML), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's "direct repair" (primary suture); no dedicated MK-action repair code exists for the lower limb artery in ICHI.
90351000 (Direct repair of artery of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICHI's closest anatomically specific code covers the upper limb artery using the reconstruction (ML) action, which encompasses but is broader than direct primary repair; no separate MK-action repair code exists for the upper limb artery in ICHI.
72988005 (Direct thrombectomy of femoropopliteal vein by incision of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The ICHI code covers open extraction of obstruction from any lower limb vein (Target = lower limb vein, Means = AA open approach), matching the open surgical approach in the SNOMED concept, but it does not specify the femoropopliteal vessel, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
18918008 (Direct thrombectomy of subclavian vein by incision of upper limb)maps to wider conceptICD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb)The subclavian vein is the proximal vessel of the upper limb venous system, and an upper limb incision approach maps naturally to this block; the ICHI code covers any upper limb vein with an open approach (AA means), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the subclavian vein specifically.
56782003 (Direct thrombectomy of subclavian vein by neck incision)maps to wider conceptIBD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from head and neck vein)When the subclavian vein is approached via a neck incision, the procedure falls within the "interventions on vein of head and neck, extracranial" block, and this open (AA means) extraction-of-obstruction code is the best anatomical and procedural fit; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any head/neck vein rather than the subclavian specifically.
63560002 (Direct thrombectomy of vena cava by abdominal incision)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)ICHI's "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava" via open approach (AA = open) covers the procedure semantically, but the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominal incision approach and is understood to target the inferior vena cava specifically; the "vena cava" in SNOMED without further qualifier defaults to the inferior vena cava in abdominal surgery context, making HIC.JE.AA the best available match.
90333001 (Direct thrombectomy of vena cava by incision of lower limb)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)This SNOMED concept specifies a femoral/lower-limb incision approach to reach the inferior vena cava for thrombectomy — a surgical access detail not captured in ICHI. HIC.JE.AA (open extraction of obstruction of IVC) is the best structural match but is wider as it does not distinguish the lower-limb incision approach from other open routes.
167206009 (Disaccharidase tolerance tests)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Disaccharidase tolerance tests assess intestinal enzyme activity and carbohydrate absorption capacity, which falls under testing of digestive system function. ICHI's KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any unclassified digestive system function test rather than this specific enzyme-based tolerance test.
252225001 (Disaccharide absorption test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)A disaccharide absorption test (e.g., lactose or sucrose challenge to assess gut absorptive capacity) is a functional test of digestive assimilation; KT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is far broader, encompassing all unspecified digestive function tests.
15440009 (Disarticulation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JN.AA (Disarticulation of joint of unspecified site)"Disarticulation" in SNOMED is a generic/unspecified concept for amputation through a joint, and ICHI's MRJ.JN.AA covers exactly that at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider in that it anchors the concept to a joint at an unspecified site, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED term.
306519008 (Discharge by nurse practitioner)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 captures the discharge planning act but is broader — it does not encode the specific clinician type (nurse practitioner) performing the discharge, and it is an ICHI extension code describing the nature of an intervention rather than a standalone procedure code.
306450008 (Discharge by obstetrician and gynecologist)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 covers the discharge planning act generically but does not distinguish the authorising clinician specialty (obstetrician/gynecologist), making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the performing clinician type.
306461000 (Discharge by occupational health physician)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 represents discharge planning as a general act without encoding the specific clinician role (occupational health physician); ICHI has no mechanism to classify discharge by clinician type as a distinct procedure code.
306543006 (Discharge by occupational therapist)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 is the closest ICHI concept for a discharge act, but it is broader as it does not capture the occupational therapist as the performing clinician, which is the defining specificity of this SNOMED concept.
306547007 (Discharge by optometrist)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 covers discharge planning generically and is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies an optometrist as the authorising clinician — a distinction ICHI does not encode at the procedure code level.
306618005 (Discharge from pain management service)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 represents the discharge planning process generically, without capturing the specific service type (pain management) or the act of formal discharge itself. It is the closest available ICHI concept but is broader and refers to planning rather than the completed discharge event.
306614007 (Discharge from pathology service)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)ICHI has no concept for discharge from a pathology service specifically; XG38D0 is the only discharge-related code available and covers the general discharge planning process, making it broader than this administrative act of ending care under pathology.
306599009 (Discharge from pediatric service)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)ICHI does not represent specialty-specific discharges; XG38D0 is the nearest concept covering discharge planning generically, which is broader than the pediatric-service-specific administrative discharge event described by this SNOMED concept.
306621007 (Discharge from professionals allied to medicine service)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)ICHI contains no concept for discharge from allied health services; XG38D0 is the best available match as a generic discharge planning extension code, but it does not capture the allied-health-service specificity or the completed-discharge semantics of this SNOMED concept.
306607005 (Discharge from psychiatry service)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)ICHI has no psychiatry-specific discharge code and no mental health service administrative codes at this level of granularity; XG38D0 is the closest available concept but is broader, referring to discharge planning in general rather than formal discharge from a psychiatric service.
306699001 (Discharge to hospital)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)The SNOMED concept specifically denotes discharge from one facility with the destination being another hospital, whereas ICHI's closest match captures only the referral act to any health provider without encoding the discharge event or the inpatient hospital destination. The ICHI code is broader, covering any referral rather than the specific act of discharging to a hospital.
306694006 (Discharge to nursing home)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)Discharge to a nursing home is a specific administrative transition to a long-term care facility, but ICHI has no code for nursing home placement or discharge to such settings; "Referral to health provider" is the closest available concept and is broader, as it encompasses any referral to any health provider without specifying the discharge event or nursing home destination.
306690002 (Discharge to relative's home)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)Discharge to a relative's home is a specific administrative outcome of the discharge process, but ICHI only has a generic "Discharge planning" extension code that covers the planning activity without encoding the destination or the completed discharge event. This is the closest available concept, and it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
306691003 (Discharge to residential home)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)Discharge to a residential home is a specific administrative discharge destination, but ICHI has no code for discharge to residential care settings; "Discharge planning" is the closest available concept and is broader, capturing the discharge planning process without encoding the specific destination type.
306697004 (Discharge to sheltered housing)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 "Discharge planning" is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers discharge planning broadly without specifying the destination as sheltered/supported housing. ICHI has no code capturing the specific destination type, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
306706006 (Discharge to ward)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 "Discharge planning" is the only discharge-related code in ICHI and does not encode the specific destination (ward/inpatient unit), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
35717002 (Discission of congenital cataract)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)Discission (needling) of a congenital cataract involves incising the lens capsule and is functionally equivalent to a capsulotomy of the lens; BBF.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code. However, ICHI does not specify the aetiology (congenital) or the technique variant (needle discission), making the ICHI code broader.
50538003 (Discission of membranous cataract, primary)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)Discission of a membranous (secondary/after-cataract) membrane is most closely captured by BBF.FA.AA "Capsulotomy," though BBF.GA.AA "Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane" is also related. BBF.FA.AA is preferred as discission is an incision technique (capsulotomy) rather than fragmentation; ICHI does not specify the membranous subtype or the "primary" qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader.
713662007 (Discussion about advance care planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Advance care planning is a specific form of individualised care planning centred on future health decisions and end-of-life preferences; PZB.TB.ZZ covers all forms of person-level individualised planning and is thus broader. No more specific ICHI code for advance care planning or end-of-life discussion exists in the classification.
704034004 (Discussion about anticoagulation therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)Anticoagulation therapy is a specific class of medication; UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications in general, making it broader than a discussion focused exclusively on anticoagulants. No ICHI code exists for coagulation-specific medication counselling, and this is the closest match in the medications/environment axis.
710566000 (Discussion about bariatric operative procedure)maps to wider conceptKTN.PP.ZZ (Counselling for weight management)A discussion about bariatric surgery is a pre-surgical counselling encounter targeting weight management through operative means; KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management broadly (including all modalities), making it wider. No ICHI code specifically addresses bariatric surgery discussion or surgical weight-loss counselling.
713079002 (Discussion about cardiopulmonary resuscitation)maps to wider conceptHT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does have a code for CPR as a procedure (HT2.MC.AH) but no code for a discussion or counselling encounter specifically about CPR; HT2.PP.ZZ represents counselling for cardiovascular system functions generally, which is the closest body-system-aligned match and is broader than the specific CPR discussion concept.
473180009 (Discussion about diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy)maps to wider conceptETB.PP.ZZ (Counselling for general metabolic functions)Diabetic ketoacidosis is a metabolic emergency; ETB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for general metabolic functions, which is the closest ICHI category to a discussion about DKA. The pregnancy dimension is not captured by this code, and the specificity of DKA (vs. metabolic functions in general) means the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
473184000 (Discussion about gestational hypertension)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has no code specific to gestational hypertension discussion; the closest match is NUE.PM.ZZ, which covers education about pregnancy-related physiological functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all pregnancy functions, not specifically hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
473181008 (Discussion about hypoglycemia in pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)Like gestational hypertension, ICHI has no specific code for hypoglycaemia in pregnancy discussions; NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy) is the best available match under the genitourinary/reproductive functions chapter. The code is broader, covering all pregnancy-related functions rather than glycaemic complications specifically.
1303946009 (Discussion about medication monitoring)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising on any aspect of medications (the medicaments target, advising action), which encompasses but is not limited to monitoring discussions; ICHI has no dedicated code for a discussion specifically about medication monitoring, making this a broader match.
698568007 (Discussion about postnatal depression)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Postnatal depression is primarily an affective/emotional disorder, making AUD.PP.ZZ (interventions on emotional functions, counselling action) the closest ICHI fit; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any emotional function and does not capture the postnatal specificity of the SNOMED concept.
473185004 (Discussion about preexisting hypertension in pregnancy)maps to wider conceptHT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)Hypertension is a cardiovascular function disorder, and HT2.PP.ZZ is the most specific available cardiovascular counselling code in ICHI; it is substantially wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all cardiovascular function counselling and does not encode the preexisting or pregnancy-context dimensions.
445031009 (Discussion about preferred place of care)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Discussing a patient's preferred place of care is an individualised planning activity for the whole person, making PZB.TB.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; it is wider because it covers all forms of individualised planning and is not specific to location-of-care preference discussions.
448032003 (Discussion about preferred place of death)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Preferred place of death discussions are a form of advance care/end-of-life planning, which maps to the individualised planning code for the whole person; ICHI lacks any dedicated palliative or end-of-life planning code, so this is a wide match that does not capture the death-preference specificity.
734306004 (Discussion about social support)maps to wider conceptUEO.PN.ZZ (Advising about general social support services, systems and policies)ICHI codes "advising" interventions rather than "discussion," and UEO.PN.ZZ specifically covers advising about general social support services — the closest semantic match to a discussion about social support; however, the ICHI code is oriented toward services/systems/policies rather than a personal discussion about the patient's own social support network.
223485006 (Discussion about therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)"Discussion about therapy" is a clinician-patient interaction where therapy options are discussed; ICHI's closest match is general counselling (PZB.PP.ZZ), which is broader and not limited to therapeutic discussions.
223484005 (Discussion about treatment)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)Captures a clinical conversation about treatment options, which maps most plausibly to general counselling in ICHI; no specific ICHI code exists for discussions about treatment, making PZB.PP.ZZ the broadest reasonable fit.
401173007 (Disease management program)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)A disease management program is a structured, multi-component intervention coordinating care for a chronic condition across providers; ICHI's "Case coordination" is the nearest concept but is broader, covering coordination activities generally without the disease-specific program structure.
1340273002 (Disease modifying drug therapy for multiple sclerosis)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no disease-specific pharmacotherapy codes (no MS or DMT category), so the closest available code is the general "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified," considerably broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both indication and drug class.
307194004 (Disimpaction of food bolus from esophageal tube)maps to wider conceptKBA.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus)A food bolus impacted in the oesophagus is clinically treated as a foreign body and removed endoscopically; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers all foreign bodies/devices, and the SNOMED concept specifies "esophageal tube" implying an indwelling tube context.
274460008 (Dislocated spine reduction)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept does not specify the approach; MBZ.LD.AA (open) is the best available since spinal dislocation reduction in clinical context most commonly implies an operative procedure, though the ICHI code is broader by not specifying dislocation (vs fracture) and is approach-specific.
409022004 (Dispensing medication management)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)"Providing medications" is the closest ICHI concept to dispensing/managing medication, but it is broader — it does not specifically capture the management/oversight component (counselling, reconciliation, etc.) implied by the SNOMED term.
399209000 (Displacement of breast implant)maps to wider conceptLCA.SN.AE (Management of internal device of breast)ICHI lacks a specific code for breast implant displacement as a complication or finding-driven procedure; "Management of internal device of breast" is the broadest applicable code that covers interventions concerning an existing breast implant.
314120004 (Dissection and excision of bilateral tonsils)maps to wider conceptDAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy)"Tonsillectomy" is the standard ICHI code for total excision of tonsils; however, it does not encode bilaterality, and ICHI has no separate bilateral tonsillectomy code — bilaterality would need to be captured via a laterality extension.
432101007 (Distention of shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DB.AE (Injection into shoulder joint)ICHI captures the core act of injecting fluid into the shoulder joint (the mechanism of distension/hydrodilatation) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component in the means axis, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
121338007 (Diuretic identification)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ represents assessment/identification of medications in general and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns identifying a diuretic class agent.
722048006 (Diuretic therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration without specifying route or drug class; broader as it does not specify diuretics and does not encode the ongoing/therapeutic nature implied by "therapy."
56143008 (Division of cerebral meninges)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAC (Interventions on cerebral meninges)No ICHI category code exists with an FB (division/incision) action applied to cerebral meninges; the block code for all interventions on cerebral meninges is the best available representation, broader than the specific division procedure.
66922009 (Division of goniosynechiae)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Goniosynechialysis restores aqueous outflow through the anterior chamber angle, making the functional goal captured by this code the best available match; ICHI has no specific adhesion release code for the anterior chamber.
232998008 (Division of inferior vena cava)maps to wider conceptHIC.FA.AA (Incision of inferior vena cava)ICHI does not have a dedicated "division" (transection) code for the inferior vena cava; incision is the closest structural action. Division implies a complete transection, going beyond a simple incision.
19941009 (Division of lacrimal canaliculus)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)Division of the lacrimal canaliculus involves cutting the canalicular structure, which maps to incision of the lacrimal apparatus — the only surgical cut/division code available; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus.
122486003 (Division of ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.FB.AA (Division of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI codes for ligament division all specify an anatomical region with no unspecified-site ligament division code available; the closest generic code is division of soft tissue of unspecified site, broader as it covers all soft tissue.
36453007 (Division of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.FB.AA (Division of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.FB.AA covers division of muscle at an unspecified site; the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing all body-site variants, making the SNOMED concept wider than this single residual code.
363100006 (Division of musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptMZZ.FB.AA (Division of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)MZZ.FB.AA is the catch-all ICHI code for division of any musculoskeletal structure not captured elsewhere; the SNOMED grouper encompasses all division procedures on the musculoskeletal system, wider than this NEC residual code.
55743009 (Division of nerve of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)The adrenal gland is innervated by peripheral autonomic (splanchnic) nerves, so dividing a nerve of the adrenal gland is a specific instance of peripheral nerve division; ICHI has no code specific to adrenal innervation.
64210000 (Division of papillary muscle of heart)maps to wider conceptHDF.FB.AA (Division of mitral subvalvar apparatus)Papillary muscles are the primary component of the mitral subvalvar apparatus (with chordae tendineae); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses division of any part of the subvalvar apparatus, not just the papillary muscle itself.
708649001 (Division of tendon of neck)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI contains "division of tendon" codes only for specific limb/pelvic sites and an unspecified residual; there is no dedicated neck-tendon division code, so the unspecified-site code is the best structural match but is broader, losing the neck-specific anatomical detail.
438559000 (Division of tendon of shoulder region)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has a target code for the tendon of the shoulder region but no assignable procedure code combining shoulder-region tendon with the division action; the only available "division of tendon" leaf codes are for hand, hip, lower leg, foot, and unspecified site, making the unspecified-site code the closest available match.
17632005 (Division of vitreous cicatricial bands by anterior approach)maps to wider conceptBCD.JK.AA (Vitrectomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for division of vitreous cicatricial/fibrous bands; "Vitrectomy" is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers full vitreous removal rather than targeted division of cicatricial bands, and the anterior approach distinction is not captured.
50518004 (Division of vitreous cicatricial bands by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptBCD.JK.AA (Vitrectomy)No ICHI code exists for targeted division of vitreous fibrous/cicatricial bands; "Vitrectomy" is the best available match within the vitreous body block but is broader and does not distinguish posterior from anterior approach.
276737004 (Domiciliary ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC correctly captures the clinical act of artificial/mechanical ventilation but does not encode the home/domiciliary setting central to the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
315616008 (Domino delivery)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of heart)"Domino delivery" refers to explantation of a healthy heart from a patient undergoing heart-lung transplantation, who becomes a secondary donor; HZZ.JH.AA captures heart procurement but is broader, covering any heart procurement rather than the domino scenario.
180285003 (Donation of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JH.AA covers procurement of skin for grafting from an unspecified body site, slightly wider because it includes subcutaneous tissue and encompasses both donor and self-harvest contexts.
313030004 (Donor renal transplantation)maps to wider conceptNAA.JH.AA (Procurement of kidney)"Donor renal transplantation" refers to surgical removal of a kidney from a donor for transplant; NAA.JH.AA is the most specific ICHI code for the donor-side retrieval, slightly wider as it does not encode live-vs-deceased donor distinction.
252194002 (Dopamine antagonist test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A dopamine antagonist test is a pharmacological provocation procedure assessing pituitary endocrine function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering all endocrine assessments without specifying the agent or provocation approach.
252193008 (Dopamine infusion test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A dopamine infusion test is a pharmacological challenge assessing pituitary or renal dopaminergic function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is far broader, not specifying the dopamine infusion method or target gland.
712990004 (Doppler ultrasonography of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of breast)ICHI codes breast ultrasound at LCA.BA.BJ but does not distinguish Doppler technique from other ultrasound modalities, making the ICHI code broader.
418354002 (Doppler ultrasonography of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of kidney)NAA.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the kidney without distinguishing Doppler technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
431488007 (Doppler ultrasonography of myocardium for tissue strain rate)maps to wider conceptHZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography)HZZ.BA.BJ is the general echocardiography code and does not capture the specificity of tissue Doppler imaging with strain rate quantification; substantially broader, covering all cardiac ultrasound methods.
418762008 (Doppler ultrasonography of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of penis)NGM.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the penis without distinguishing Doppler, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
440495009 (Doppler ultrasonography of testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of testis)ICHI codes ultrasound of the testis at organ level without distinguishing Doppler from other ultrasound modalities, making the ICHI code broader.
718078008 (Doppler ultrasonography of transplanted liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of liver)ICHI has no separate code for post-transplant liver imaging nor for Doppler-specific ultrasound; the generic "Ultrasound of liver" is the closest available code, broader in both technique and clinical context.
1362078002 (Doppler ultrasonography of transplanted pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of pancreas)ICHI does not differentiate Doppler from general ultrasound, nor does it qualify the pancreas as transplanted; the generic organ-level ultrasound code is the best available but broader.
418956005 (Doppler ultrasonography of vertebral arteries)maps to wider conceptIBA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of head and neck)ICHI has no dedicated vertebral artery imaging code; the nearest code covers all extracranial head-and-neck arteries (including carotid), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
432509002 (Doppler ultrasound guided insertion of dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the percutaneous vein insertion action but does not encode ultrasound guidance or the dialysis-specific purpose; the code is broader and loses clinically meaningful detail.
232658009 (Double lung transplant)maps to wider conceptJBF.KD.AA (Lung transplantation)ICHI has a single "Lung transplantation" code under interventions on lung parenchyma but does not distinguish between single and double (bilateral) lung transplant; the ICHI code is broader.
1296603004 (Drainage of cerebral epidural space by incision)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)ICHI has no code specific to the cerebral epidural space; "Drainage of intracranial space" is the closest anatomical match but covers all intracranial compartments.
1296608008 (Drainage of cerebral subarachnoid space by incision)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)ICHI provides no dedicated category for subarachnoid drainage, making "Drainage of intracranial space" the best available fit; broader as it covers all intracranial spaces.
1296605006 (Drainage of cerebral subdural space by incision)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)ICHI has no dedicated code for subdural space drainage; "Drainage of intracranial space" is the most appropriate parent code, broader because it does not distinguish subdural from other intracranial spaces.
241013002 (Drainage of nail fold infection)maps to wider conceptLBD.JB.AA (Drainage of nail bed of finger)ICHI's nearest code covers drainage of the nail bed of the finger, anatomically adjacent to but not the same as the nail fold; SNOMED does not specify finger vs toe whereas ICHI separates the two.
836453001 (Drainage of seroma of bilateral breasts using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)The ICHI code covers percutaneous (catheter-based) drainage of the breast but does not capture the bilateral nature, the seroma-specific fluid type, or the dedicated seroma catheter the SNOMED concept specifies.
10936007 (Drainage of Skene's gland cyst)maps to wider conceptNMI.JB.AA (Drainage of vulva)Skene's glands (paraurethral glands) are located in the vulvar vestibule, and ICHI has no specific code for these structures; the closest available code covers drainage of the vulva broadly.
1290739008 (Drainage of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI organises drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue by body region; LZZ.JB.AA is the residual NEC category covering unspecified-site drainage and also bundles skin alongside subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
34309001 (Drainage of tonsil)maps to wider conceptDAA.JB.AC (Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures)ICHI's closest code covers tonsillar drainage but extends to peritonsillar structures, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the tonsil itself.
723528003 (Drama therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL2-XG0 (Creative therapy)ICHI has no specific drama therapy code; the Creative therapy block covers art, music, and analogous creative therapy modalities of which drama therapy is a specific instance, making it broader.
385948000 (Dressing change education)maps to wider conceptSMC.PM.ZZ (Education about caring for body parts)SMC.PM.ZZ is the closest code for teaching wound dressing care but is broader, covering all body-part self-care education without encoding wound-dressing technique specifically; note SME.PM.ZZ in ICHI refers to clothing/getting dressed, not wound dressings.
385949008 (Dressing change management)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Applying or changing a wound dressing maps to external application to skin in ICHI; LZZ.DB.AH covers the physical placement of a dressing but does not specifically encode dressing change as a nursing management activity and is broader in scope.
302433008 (Dressing of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Applying a dressing to skin is an external application of a substance to skin and subcutaneous tissue; LZZ.DB.AH is wider as it encompasses all external skin applications and does not specify anatomical site.
288174009 (Dried plasma injection)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)Dried (lyophilised) plasma is a blood product, and its injection is a form of blood-product administration captured under transfusion of blood or blood products; the ICHI code is broader, covering all blood and blood products by any route.
1254692007 (Drilling of bone and biopsy)maps to wider conceptMRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)Percutaneous bone biopsy in ICHI routinely uses a drill or trephine, so the biopsy component is well represented; the ICHI code is wider because it subsumes drilling within the biopsy action and does not specify bone site.
445057007 (Drilling toenails of both feet)maps to wider conceptLBF.JB.AA (Drainage of nail bed of toe)Drilling toenails is most commonly performed to create a drainage opening (e.g., for subungual haematoma); the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the drilling technique, and the bilateral aspect would require laterality extension codes.
768729006 (Drug dosage education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specific to dosage instruction; the ICHI code is therefore wider in scope.
117255003 (Drug screen test method, cut off >1000 ng/ml)maps to wider conceptVAC.AC.ZZ (Test of illicit drug use behaviours)VAC.AC.ZZ represents testing for illicit drug use but does not encode any analytical specifics such as the immunoassay cut-off threshold (>1000 ng/ml), making the ICHI code broader.
414060004 (Drug treatment to delay menstruation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NUB (Interventions on menstruation functions)The NUB block covers all interventions on menstruation functions, but the only assignable leaf codes within it are assessment (NUB.AA.ZZ) and education (NUB.PM.ZZ); there is no specific category code for pharmacological delay or suppression of menstruation.
424172009 (Dual pressure spontaneous ventilation support weaning protocol)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation and is the best available match for a ventilatory weaning protocol; the SNOMED concept is substantially more specific in mode (dual-pressure spontaneous, e.g. BiPAP) and in describing a structured weaning protocol.
50153003 (Duhrssen's operation on uterus)maps to wider conceptNMF.FA.AC (Incision of cervix)Dührssen's operation consists of multiple cervical incisions made to facilitate obstetric delivery; NMF.FA.AC is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the obstetric context, the multiple-incision technique, or the eponymous procedure.
80267006 (Duodenoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBI.AE.AD (Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy)ICHI has no standalone duodenoscopy code; KBI.AE.AD includes endoscopic visualisation of the duodenum but also covers the oesophagus and stomach, making it broader than isolated duodenoscopy.
261597004 (Dye test of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.BA.BA (X-ray of fallopian tubes)Chromopertubation is a tubal patency test where dye is injected and observed at laparoscopy or under fluoroscopy; ICHI has no dedicated code, so the broader fallopian tube imaging code is the best available fit.
13256004 (Dynamic function study, blood clearance)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)"Dynamic function study, blood clearance" refers to a quantitative or radioisotope study measuring clearance from blood; no organ-specific or radioisotope clearance code exists in ICHI, so the broadly-scoped haematological function test code is the best available match.
271456009 (Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE bundles both thyroid scan (imaging) and radioisotope function studies under a single code; ICHI does not distinguish between imaging and non-imaging radioisotope modalities, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
765253000 (Dynamic radionuclide imaging of liver using radioisotope)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE bundles static scan and functional radionuclide study into one code and does not distinguish dynamic from static acquisition, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
50260001 (Dyslexia training)maps to wider conceptSCF.PH.ZZ (Training in reading)Dyslexia training is fundamentally a reading intervention; ICHI has no dyslexia-specific code, and SCF.PH.ZZ encompasses all reading training regardless of underlying condition, making it broader.
439219008 (Dysphasia assessment)maps to wider conceptAUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language)Dysphasia is a disorder of mental functions of language; ICHI has no dysphasia/aphasia-specific assessment code, so the broader language-function assessment code is the best available match.
88607004 (Dysphasia training)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Dysphasia training (language rehabilitation) maps to AUI.PH.ZZ which covers training directed at the mental functions of language; no aphasia/dysphasia-specific training code exists in ICHI.
557761000005104 (E-mail consultation)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)XG6UP2 is the ICHI Telehealth extension code for any intervention with advice or assistance provided from a distance, encompassing e-mail consultation but also phone, video, and other messaging modalities; no e-mail-specific ICHI code exists.
385898003 (Ear care assessment)maps to wider conceptCZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified)CZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the ear broadly under the general ear block (BlockL4-CZZ), which aligns with "ear care assessment" but is somewhat broader than the structured nursing/clinical care assessment implied by the SNOMED concept.
410242003 (Ear wax removal education)maps to wider conceptCTB.PM.ZZ (Education about hearing functions)ICHI has no code specific to ear wax education; CTB.PM.ZZ covers education about hearing functions broadly, encompassing patient education about cerumen and its impact on hearing, but is wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1230095007 (Eating and drinking training)maps to wider conceptSM1.PH.ZZ (Training in self care, unspecified)ICHI has separate specific codes for eating (SMF.PH.ZZ) and drinking (SMG.PH.ZZ) training but no single combined code; SM1.PH.ZZ is the parent of both and thus broader than the SNOMED concept.
1385001 (Echography, scan B-mode for fetal age determination)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal structures and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the B-mode technique or the purpose of fetal age determination; ICHI does not have a code specifically for dating scans.
405793004 (Eclectic psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPQ (Psychotherapy)ICHI's psychotherapy codes are organised by target domain rather than by therapeutic modality; the action code PQ as a standalone category is the closest representation of generic psychotherapy intervention, but it does not capture the "eclectic" approach.
33981001 (Edrophonium chloride test for myasthenia gravis)maps to wider conceptMU2.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a pharmacological challenge for diagnosing myasthenia gravis; MU2.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is considerably broader, covering any test of muscle function without specifying the cholinesterase inhibitor challenge or the diagnostic target.
31350005 (Edrophonium chloride test with electromyographic recording)maps to wider conceptMRM.AB.AE (Electromyography)MRM.AB.AE covers electromyography in general, but the SNOMED concept is a specific pharmacological provocation procedure with edrophonium administered during EMG recording; ICHI captures the EMG component but is broader, with no code for the drug challenge element.
1303093004 (Education about adult day care program)maps to wider conceptUEO.PM.ZZ (Education about general social support services, systems and policies)ICHI has no code specific to adult day care programs; UEO.PM.ZZ covers education about general social support services, which is the closest available code but substantially broader.
710876009 (Education about ambulation technique)maps to wider conceptSJA.PM.ZZ (Education about walking)SJA.PM.ZZ covers education about walking broadly, encompassing ambulation, but does not specify the technique aspect that the SNOMED concept implies; the ICHI code is wider in not differentiating technique-focused from general walking education.
704117005 (Education about bladder voiding technique)maps to wider conceptNTD.PM.ZZ (Education about urination functions)NTD.PM.ZZ covers education about urination functions broadly and is the most specific available ICHI code, but it does not capture the technique-specific focus of the SNOMED concept.
1281859005 (Education about breathing techniques for relaxation)maps to wider conceptJTB.PM.ZZ (Education about respiration function)JTB.PM.ZZ covers education about respiration function broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about breathing techniques for relaxation; no ICHI code exists for relaxation-targeted breathing education.
717277007 (Education about burn)maps to wider conceptLZZ.PM.ZZ (Education about skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for burn education; LZZ.PM.ZZ is the broadest skin/subcutaneous tissue education code and is the best available proxy, as burns are injuries to the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
710577006 (Education about colostomy irrigation)maps to wider conceptPTB.PM.ZZ (Enterostomy education)A colostomy is a specific type of enterostomy, so PTB.PM.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept which is further narrowed to the irrigation technique; no code for colostomy irrigation education exists separately.
58581000087105 (Education about complication due to diabetes mellitus)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)No ICHI code exists for diabetes complications education specifically; ETB.PM.ZZ covers education about general metabolic functions but is broader as it encompasses all metabolic conditions rather than diabetes complications.
710743004 (Education about delirium)maps to wider conceptATC.PM.ZZ (Education about awareness and alertness functions)Delirium is clinically defined as an acute disturbance of awareness and alertness, and ATC.PM.ZZ targets that functional domain; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers education about awareness and alertness functions generally, not delirium specifically.
1289998004 (Education about depot contraception)maps to wider conceptNUD.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to fertility)ICHI has no code for contraception education; depot contraception is a method of fertility suppression, so NUD.PM.ZZ is the closest available domain but broader, covering all fertility-related education.
713102008 (Education about device safety)maps to wider conceptUA1.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology, unspecified)ICHI has no code specifically for device safety education; UA1.PM.ZZ is the unspecified umbrella code for education about products and technology, broader because it encompasses all products and technology education without specifying a safety focus.
710823004 (Education about diagnostic test)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no code for education about diagnostic tests specifically; diagnostic tests are components of health services, making UEP.PM.ZZ the closest available code but substantially broader.
710756006 (Education about electrolyte therapy)maps to wider conceptETE.PM.ZZ (Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)ETE.PM.ZZ covers education about water, mineral, and electrolyte balance functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to electrolyte therapy; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses the full functional domain.
440348009 (Education about emptying bladder using Credé maneuver)maps to wider conceptNTD.PM.ZZ (Education about urination functions)NTD.PM.ZZ captures education about urination functions in general, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — naming the Credé maneuver (manual suprapubic compression technique); ICHI provides no code at this level of granularity.
710580007 (Education about fall prevention)maps to wider conceptVCC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence home safety behaviours)VCC.PM.ZZ targets home safety behaviours broadly, encompassing fall prevention education in a home/community context, but is wider than the SNOMED concept and does not include clinical inpatient fall-prevention education.
439950001 (Education about familial urinary cystine stones)maps to wider conceptNT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.PM.ZZ is the closest available code, covering education about urinary functions in general, but is far broader than the SNOMED concept which is highly specific to familial cystinuria/cystine nephrolithiasis.
710718005 (Education about family process)maps to wider conceptSSJ.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in family relationships)SSJ.PM.ZZ covers education about the activity domain of engaging in family relationships, which is the closest ICHI concept to "family process" (the dynamic interactions and functioning within a family unit). ICHI is broader because "family process" encompasses internal family dynamics and functioning patterns, whereas SSJ.PM.ZZ is focused on engaging in relationships as an activity.
1371318004 (Education about family strengthening program)maps to wider conceptUCB.PM.ZZ (Education about support from immediate family)"Family strengthening program" is a structured intervention aimed at reinforcing family cohesion, communication, and resilience; UCB.PM.ZZ (education about support from immediate family) is the closest assignable ICHI code. It is broader because it addresses support from immediate family generally rather than a specific structured strengthening program.
1258903001 (Education about financial assistance program)maps to wider conceptUEN.PM.ZZ (Education about social security services, systems and policies)Financial assistance programs are a core component of social security services, systems and policies, making UEN.PM.ZZ the best available ICHI code. It is wider because "social security services, systems and policies" encompasses a broader set of entitlements and mechanisms beyond financial assistance programs specifically.
716884002 (Education about fluid output)maps to wider conceptETE.PM.ZZ (Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Fluid output is a clinical parameter directly reflecting water and electrolyte balance; ETE.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code addressing education about the physiological domain of fluid/water/electrolyte balance. It is wider because water-mineral-electrolyte balance encompasses both intake and output as well as mineral regulation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating patients on measuring or monitoring fluid output.
698611003 (Education about footwear)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)Footwear (including therapeutic footwear) falls within the ICF/ICHI category of "products and technology for personal use in daily living," and UAD.PM.ZZ is the assignable education code for this target domain. It is wider because UAD.PM.ZZ covers all personal-use products and technology, of which footwear is only one specific item.
710720008 (Education about head lice infestation)maps to wider conceptUBQ.PM.ZZ (Education about animal vectors of disease)Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are ectoparasitic arthropods classified under animal agents of disease, and UBQ.PM.ZZ is the only ICHI education code addressing the environmental/animal disease-vector domain; it is broader because it covers all animal vectors, not specifically head lice or pediculosis.
1153468002 (Education about impaired cognition)maps to wider conceptAUH.PM.ZZ (Education about higher-level cognitive functions)ICHI's AUH target covers higher-level cognitive functions (the domain encompassing impaired cognition) and PM denotes education, but the ICHI code applies to cognitive functions broadly rather than specifically to impaired or disordered cognition, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
710356009 (Education about infant development)maps to wider conceptETM.PM.ZZ (Education about growth and development)ETM.PM.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code covering education about growth and development, but it applies to all ages and developmental stages rather than specifically to infant development, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
710581006 (Education about managing fever)maps to wider conceptETG.PM.ZZ (Education about thermoregulatory function)ETG.PM.ZZ covers education about all aspects of thermoregulatory function, of which fever (pyrexia) is the most clinically prominent manifestation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to fever management education.
710885009 (Education about medication handling)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about medication handling (safe use, storage, administration technique). ICHI does not have a narrower code specific to handling/management, so this broader code is the best available match.
714255002 (Education about methadone storage)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)ICHI has no code specific to methadone or opioid substitution therapy education, nor any code specific to medication storage; UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is the closest parent concept. The SNOMED concept is far more specific (one drug, one aspect of handling), making the ICHI code considerably broader.
1259991000 (Education about microenterprise development program)maps to wider conceptSVG.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in economic self-sufficiency)Microenterprise development programmes are aimed at enabling economic self-sufficiency through small-scale business activity, which aligns best with SVG.PM.ZZ. ICHI does not have a code specific to microenterprise; SVG.PM.ZZ is broader but captures the underlying goal of the SNOMED concept better than the generic SV2.PM.ZZ.
1259021006 (Education about Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PM.ZZ (Education about handling stress and other psychological demands)Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured program targeting stress management, which maps most closely to SDJ.PM.ZZ — education about handling stress and other psychological demands. ICHI has no code for mindfulness-specific or programme-based interventions, so this broader code is the best available match.
1230141004 (Education about nutrition influence on health)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for nutrition-related education, falling under the "Interventions on food" block (environment domain). The SNOMED concept specifically concerns how nutrition influences health outcomes, which is not captured by any narrower ICHI code; VEA.PM.ZZ (eating behaviours) was considered but relates to behavioural change rather than knowledge about nutritional effects on health.
430134003 (Education about oral contraception)maps to wider conceptNUA.PM.ZZ (Education about sexual functions)No ICHI code specifically covers education about oral contraceptives or contraception; the closest available code covers education about sexual functions broadly, which is a wider concept that includes, but is not limited to, contraception. NUD.PM.ZZ (fertility) was considered but contraception targets pregnancy prevention rather than fertility function itself.
1153465004 (Education about overdosing)maps to wider conceptVAD.PM.ZZ (Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours)Overdosing is a form of harmful pharmaceutical use behaviour, and ICHI's VAD.PM.ZZ covers education targeting the full spectrum of pharmaceutical use behaviours; this code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically concerned with overdosing rather than pharmaceutical use behaviours in general.
1268726004 (Education about peer support program)maps to wider conceptUCE.PM.ZZ (Education about support from acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members)UCE.PM.ZZ targets education about the support environment provided by peers and community members, which encompasses education about peer support programs; it is wider because it covers all forms of peer/community support relationships, not just formal peer support programs.
440489008 (Education about plagiocephaly)maps to wider conceptETM.PM.ZZ (Education about growth and development)Plagiocephaly is a specific condition of asymmetric skull/head shape in infants, and there is no ICHI code targeting cranial morphology or positional deformity education specifically. ETM.PM.ZZ (education about growth and development, under the endocrine/metabolic functions block) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader, covering growth and development in general rather than plagiocephaly specifically.
439164000 (Education about post term pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)Post-term pregnancy is a specific clinical scenario within the domain of pregnancy, and NUE.PM.ZZ covers education about pregnancy functions broadly. This is the best available ICHI match but it is wider, encompassing all pregnancy-related education rather than the specific risk and management context of post-term gestation.
704116001 (Education about postcoital contraceptive)maps to wider conceptNUD.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to fertility)Postcoital (emergency) contraception education is a specific topic within reproductive/fertility health; NUD.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, covering education about fertility functions broadly. No ICHI code exists for contraception education specifically, making this a wider match.
768727008 (Education about postoperative care after adenotonsillectomy)maps to wider conceptSM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)ICHI has no code for postoperative care education or procedure-specific recovery education; the most applicable code is SM1.PM.ZZ (education about self care, unspecified), which broadly covers patient instruction on self-management after a health intervention. The specific surgical context (adenotonsillectomy recovery) is entirely absent from the ICHI code.
439366005 (Education about postpartum depression)maps to wider conceptAUD.PM.ZZ (Education about emotional functions)Postpartum depression is a specific mood disorder occurring after childbirth; AUD.PM.ZZ covers education about emotional functions generally (within the mental functions hierarchy), which is the closest structural match in ICHI. The code does not capture the postpartum context or the depressive disorder specifically, making it wider.
337391000202100 (Education about prevention of constipation)maps to wider conceptKTK.PM.ZZ (Education about defaecation functions)KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about all defaecation functions, of which constipation prevention is one specific concern; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is narrowly about preventing constipation.
46869008 (Education about prevention of pressure injury)maps to wider conceptLT2.PM.ZZ (Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified)LT2.PM.ZZ covers education about skin functions broadly (within the integumentary system chapter), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about pressure injury prevention; no more specific pressure-injury education code exists in ICHI.
725256009 (Education about prevention of thromboembolism)maps to wider conceptHT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly; thromboembolism prevention is one specific concern within vascular health, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept, and no dedicated thromboembolism-prevention education code exists in ICHI.
440314008 (Education about progressive muscle relaxation technique)maps to wider conceptSDJ.PM.ZZ (Education about handling stress and other psychological demands)Progressive muscle relaxation is a specific technique for managing muscle tension and stress; SDJ.PM.ZZ covers education about stress and psychological demands broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets a named relaxation method. No ICHI code exists for the specific technique.
735345001 (Education about puberty and adolescence)maps to wider conceptETM.PM.ZZ (Education about growth and development)Puberty and adolescence are core aspects of growth and development, making ETM.PM.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; however, it encompasses all growth and developmental stages (not only puberty/adolescence), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
710736005 (Education about relapse prevention)maps to wider conceptVEL.PM.ZZ (Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)Relapse prevention education is a behavioural intervention aimed at sustaining psychological health and avoiding recurrence of mental health or substance-related episodes; VEL.PM.ZZ is the best available fit but is substantially broader, covering psychological health behaviours in general without relapse-specific framing.
878855001 (Education about respiratory tract infection)maps to wider conceptJT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)JT2.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code within the respiratory system block for education-type interventions, but it is framed around respiratory functions rather than infectious disease of the respiratory tract, making it broader and not semantically precise.
57281000087107 (Education about risk of harmful use of diuretic)maps to wider conceptVAD.PM.ZZ (Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours)Diuretics are pharmaceuticals, and harmful use risk education fits within the pharmaceutical use behaviour domain; VAD.PM.ZZ is wider because it covers all pharmaceutical use behaviours rather than harmful use of a specific drug class (diuretics).
57291000087109 (Education about risk of harmful use of laxative)maps to wider conceptVAD.PM.ZZ (Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours)Laxatives are pharmaceuticals, and harmful use education maps well to VAD.PM.ZZ, which targets behaviour change around pharmaceutical use. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all pharmaceutical use behaviours, not specifically laxative misuse risk.
698530005 (Education about safe storage and management of medication)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ sits in the "Interventions on medicaments" block within the environment/products-and-technology section and covers education about medications as an environmental entity, which aligns with safe storage and management guidance. The ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to storage and management aspects.
1281855004 (Education about safety plan for victim of abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours)VBB.PM.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for education directed at persons involved in family or partner violence, which is the predominant context of abuse victim safety planning. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire domain of family and partner violence behaviour education, not the specific act of safety planning with a victim.
1156102003 (Education about screening for human immunodeficiency virus)maps to wider conceptVDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours)VDB.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at influencing uptake of health screening services, which directly aligns with educating patients about HIV screening. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to all screening behaviours rather than HIV screening specifically.
1156103008 (Education about screening for malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptVDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours)VDB.PM.ZZ is the best ICHI code for education about engaging with health screening services, covering the intent of educating patients about cancer screening. The ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to malignant neoplasm screening specifically.
698631004 (Education about self-help group)maps to wider conceptSMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health)ICHI has no code specifically for self-help groups as an educational topic; SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match because a self-help group is a vehicle for health self-management education, but the ICHI code is broader, covering general health self-care education rather than the self-help group modality specifically.
704138004 (Education about self-repositioning)maps to wider conceptSHA.PM.ZZ (Education about changing body position)Self-repositioning (e.g., pressure injury prevention) is a specific form of changing body position, and SHA.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers education about changing body position in general, not limited to self-performed repositioning.
698629008 (Education about sleep position)maps to wider conceptSHA.PM.ZZ (Education about changing body position)Sleep position is a specific aspect of body positioning, and SHA.PM.ZZ (education about changing body position) is the best available ICHI code; no sleep-position-specific education code exists, so the ICHI code is broader, covering body position change education in general.
710500009 (Education about susceptibility to infection)maps to wider conceptDTB.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the immunological system)DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses susceptibility to infection as part of immune function; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically focused on educating about infection susceptibility rather than immunological functions in general.
713647005 (Education about taking methadone)maps to wider conceptVAD.PM.ZZ (Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours)Methadone is a pharmaceutical (used in opioid substitution therapy), so education about taking methadone falls within VAD.PM.ZZ (education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours); this ICHI code is broader, as it covers pharmaceutical use behaviours generally rather than education specific to methadone as an opioid substitution or pain management agent.
1258901004 (Education about telephone support program)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)A telephone support program is a specific type of health service delivery. ICHI's closest code covers education about health services, systems and policies broadly, which is wider than the specific telephone-based support program in the SNOMED concept.
1156523003 (Education about transcutaneous neuromodulation device)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)A transcutaneous neuromodulation device is a specific medical/therapeutic device used personally; ICHI has no code for neuromodulation devices specifically, but UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about personal-use products and technology, which is the best-fitting broader category available.
710534005 (Education about treatment regime)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)"Treatment regime" is broader than medications alone and can encompass any therapeutic plan, but UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications/medicaments) is the closest assignable ICHI code since pharmacological regimens are the most common treatment regime context; the SNOMED concept has no single precise ICHI counterpart covering all treatment regimes, making UAC.PM.ZZ the best available approximation.
1258902006 (Education about tutoring program)maps to wider conceptSTJ.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in education life)A tutoring program is a specific structured educational support activity; ICHI's STJ.PM.ZZ covers education about engaging in education life broadly, which is the closest available code but wider than the specific concept of a tutoring program.
713095002 (Education about urinary bladder irrigation)maps to wider conceptNT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for education about bladder irrigation as a procedure; NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly and is the closest functional parent. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all urinary function education, not specifically the irrigation technique.
713093009 (Education about urostomy irrigation)maps to wider conceptPTD.PM.ZZ (Stoma education, not elsewhere classified)PTD.PM.ZZ covers education about stomas in general (not elsewhere classified), which encompasses urostomies; however, there is no ICHI code specific to urostomy irrigation education, making this a wider match. The SNOMED concept is more specific (urostomy and its irrigation technique), while the ICHI code covers all stoma education.
725260007 (Education about use of eye glasses)maps to wider conceptBTB.PM.ZZ (Education about seeing functions)ICHI has no code specific to education about using eyeglasses as a corrective device; BTB.PM.ZZ (education about seeing functions) is the closest available code and sits within the visual system block. It is wider because it covers all education relating to seeing/visual function, not specifically eyeglass use.
713092004 (Education about use of pill box)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, which is the closest ICHI concept to education about using a pill box (a medication self-management aid). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all medication-related education rather than specifically the use of a pill organiser device.
1281854000 (Education about vocational rehabilitation program)maps to wider conceptSTF.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in vocational training)ICHI's STF.PM.ZZ covers education about vocational training broadly, which is the closest match, but it does not specifically capture the rehabilitation dimension — the SNOMED concept is more specific in targeting a rehabilitation program context rather than general vocational training education.
1258924006 (Education about workforce transition program)maps to wider conceptSU2.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)SU2.PM.ZZ is the best available match, covering education about work and employment, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on workforce transition programs (e.g., career change, return-to-work, or job transition support). No ICHI code specifically represents "workforce transition."
736809004 (Education for female condom)maps to wider conceptNUA.PM.ZZ (Education about sexual functions)ICHI has no code specific to contraception or female condom use. Education about sexual functions (NUA.PM.ZZ) is the closest match, covering the domain of sexual health education, but it is broader — it covers all sexual functions rather than the specific topic of female condom use and contraception.
174351000 (Educational session with patient)maps to wider conceptSM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)ICHI encodes education interventions tied to a specific target (body function, activity, or environment) rather than as a generic educational encounter. Education about self care, unspecified (SM1.PM.ZZ) is the broadest general-purpose patient education code available, but it is scoped to self-care content, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which could encompass any educational topic delivered to a patient.
14747002 (Elective immunization for international travel)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)ICHI is broader because DTB.VD.AE encodes only the act of percutaneous vaccination without capturing the travel indication or elective context, meaning any percutaneous vaccination maps here regardless of purpose.
177143000 (Elective lower segment cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI has a single code for all caesarean deliveries without any distinction by uterine segment (lower vs upper) or by urgency (elective vs emergency). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
736026009 (Elective lower segment cesarean section with bilateral tubal ligation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI has no combined procedure code for caesarean section plus tubal ligation; the tubal occlusion component would need to be coded separately. The best single code captures only the delivery by caesarean section, omitting both the segment specificity and the sterilisation procedure, making it significantly broader than the SNOMED concept.
177142005 (Elective upper segment cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)As with the lower segment variant, ICHI does not distinguish upper (classical) from lower segment caesarean section; the single delivery-by-caesarean-section code covers all uterine incision approaches, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept.
736018001 (Elective upper segment cesarean section with bilateral tubal ligation)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI cannot represent the combined procedure in a single code, nor the upper-segment specificity nor the elective nature; the caesarean delivery code alone is considerably broader than this compound SNOMED concept.
252495008 (Electric dental pulp vitality test)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI contains no specific code for electric pulp testing or any pulp vitality assessment; the closest available code is the general dental examination category, which is far broader and encompasses many types of tooth/dental assessments beyond pulp vitality testing.
180328001 (Electrical sinus rhythm conversion)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to electrical (direct-current cardioversion) restoration of sinus rhythm; no ICHI code specifies the electrical means of arrhythmia conversion, so the broader code is the best available match.
29303009 (Electrocardiographic procedure)maps to wider conceptHTB.AC.AH (Electrocardiogram, not elsewhere classified)HTB.AC.AH represents a standard resting ECG under a residual "not elsewhere classified" category, while the SNOMED concept is a broader grouper covering all ECG-based procedures (including exercise ECG, ambulatory monitoring, etc.); the ICHI NEC code is used as the best proxy, with the SNOMED term encompassing multiple ICHI codes.
709187004 (Electrocardiography via fetal scalp electrodes)maps to wider conceptNMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring broadly, which includes all invasive fetal monitoring methods. Electrocardiography via fetal scalp electrodes is one specific form of internal monitoring, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
303395008 (Electrocoagulation of duodenal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBI.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum)KBI.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of a duodenal lesion by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the technique. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all endoscopic destructive methods (e.g., laser, argon plasma, electrocoagulation), not just electrocoagulation specifically.
23121008 (Electrocoagulation of lesion of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum)KBW.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of a rectal lesion by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the destruction technique. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all endoscopic destructive modalities applied to rectal lesions, not solely electrocoagulation.
33302002 (Electrocorticogram with photic stimulation)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated electrocorticography code; the closest available code is "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified" under brain interventions, which is broader as it does not capture the direct cortical recording technique or the specific photic stimulation component.
450485008 (Electrodesiccation of lesion of skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI has no code specifically for electrodesiccation; the skin destruction codes that exist (e.g. LAA.GA.AH, LAB.GA.AH) are each tied to a specific body region rather than skin-at-large, and none name electrodesiccation explicitly, so the block-level "Interventions on skin" is the best representable grouping without committing to an incorrect body site.
72944003 (Electrodesiccation with curettage)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI contains no code for electrodesiccation with curettage as a combined procedure; the region-specific skin destruction codes (GA action axis) do not encode the curettage component or the electrical desiccation technique, making the skin block the most defensible wider match.
23162002 (Electroencephalogram awake and asleep with stimulation)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers EEG broadly and has no mechanism to encode the specific protocol variants of awake/asleep state or the stimulation component (photic, hyperventilation, etc.), making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies both sleep stage and provocative stimulation.
29203007 (Electroencephalographic biofeedback)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) uses EEG signals as the basis for a therapeutic feedback/training intervention, whereas ICHI's AAA.AF.AH covers EEG as a diagnostic/assessment procedure without encoding the biofeedback training component. The ICHI code captures the EEG measurement aspect but is broader in that it includes any NEC EEG use and does not represent the feedback loop or therapeutic intent.
53203000 (Electroencephalographic biofeedback, alpha wave)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)This is a more specific form of EEG biofeedback targeting alpha wave frequencies, which has no dedicated ICHI code; AAA.AF.AH is the closest available code, covering EEG not elsewhere classified, but loses the biofeedback intent and the alpha-wave specificity entirely.
51168006 (Electroencephalographic biofeedback, central synchrony)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)Central synchrony is a specific EEG biofeedback modality targeting synchronisation of central cortical rhythms; no dedicated ICHI code exists for any EEG biofeedback variant, so AAA.AF.AH (EEG NEC) serves only as an approximate parent-level anchor, losing both the biofeedback and the central-synchrony dimensions.
72635001 (Electroencephalographic biofeedback, theta wave)maps to wider conceptAAA.AF.AH (Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified)Theta-wave EEG biofeedback is a specific neurofeedback protocol with no dedicated ICHI representation; AAA.AF.AH is the only EEG-related assignable code that could anchor this concept, but it is purely diagnostic in intent and omits the biofeedback and theta-specificity dimensions.
1287469003 (Electrofulguration)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Electrofulguration is a high-frequency electrical technique used to destroy superficial skin tissue and lesions; ICHI has no electrosurgery- or electrodesiccation-specific code, so LZZ.GA.AH is the best available code — it correctly captures the target organ (skin) and action (destruction) but is broader because it encompasses all non-classified destruction methods, not just electrical fulguration.
274996002 (Electrolysis of eyelash)maps to wider conceptLBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of skin appendage of head or neck)Electrolysis of an eyelash is a percutaneous electrical destruction of a hair-follicle skin appendage on the head/face, which maps to this code; however ICHI does not distinguish the electrolytic technique within this code, and "skin appendage of head or neck" is broader than the eyelash specifically, making the ICHI code wider.
252471006 (Electromagnetic flowmetry)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)Electromagnetic flowmetry is a technique for measuring blood flow through vessels; the closest ICHI code (ITB.AB.AH) is broader as it covers any non-invasive measurement of blood vessel function without specifying the electromagnetic technique.
36430006 (Electromyographic biofeedback)maps to wider conceptMRM.AB.AE (Electromyography)Electromyographic biofeedback uses EMG signals therapeutically to retrain muscle control; ICHI's MRM.AB.AE covers EMG as a diagnostic/assessment procedure at an unspecified muscle site, broader in scope as it does not capture the therapeutic biofeedback aspect or training/rehabilitation intent.
252758009 (Electromyography of anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptMRM.AB.AE (Electromyography)ICHI has specific EMG codes for muscle (MRM.AB.AE) and urethral EMG (NAM.AB.AE), but no dedicated anal sphincter electromyography code exists; MRM.AB.AE is the best available match but is broader, lacking both the anatomical specificity (anal sphincter) and the sphincter-function context.
50511005 (Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system with reprogramming)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management (including interrogation and reprogramming) of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, encompassing this concept, but is broader as it does not specify dual-chamber configuration nor distinguish between analysis with versus without reprogramming.
51310003 (Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system without reprogramming)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)HFC.SN.AH (pacemaker/defibrillator function check) best captures an analysis/interrogation without parameter changes, aligning with the "without reprogramming" element; however the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify dual-chamber or distinguish from defibrillator systems.
84183007 (Electronic analysis of internal pacemaker system, complete)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)A complete electronic analysis of an internal pacemaker system is functionally equivalent to a pacemaker function check; ICHI is wider because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not specify the completeness of the evaluation.
28256002 (Electronic wave or pacemaker analysis, remote)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)The remote modality (telehealth/remote transmission) is not captured in HFC.SN.AH itself — in ICHI the remote delivery aspect would be represented via an extension code (e.g., from the Telehealth block XG6) rather than a standalone code, so the best base code is the pacemaker function check, making the match wider.
670008 (Electrosurgical epilation of eyebrow)maps to wider conceptLBA.GA.AA (Destruction of skin appendage of head or neck)LBA.GA.AA covers destruction of any skin appendage (including hair follicles) in the head or neck region using any method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically electrosurgical destruction of hair follicles restricted to the eyebrow; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and technique.
422779009 (Elevation of affected extremity)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)Elevation of an extremity is a specific form of positioning (gravity-assisted drainage/support), and PZX.LD.ZZ covers any positioning of any body part without specifying direction or purpose; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and the specific positional intent.
82446004 (Elevation of bone fragments for fracture of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)ICHI has no specific code for elevation/reduction of orbital bone fragments; the closest assignable category is "Repair of orbit" (BAM.MK.AA), which encompasses fracture repair of the orbital walls but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific fracture-fragment elevation procedure.
1259949002 (Elevation of gingival flap and open debridement of surface of oral implant)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JG.AC (Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to peri-implant surgery involving a gingival flap; the closest match is the residual/NEC debridement code for the oral cavity (KAZ.JG.AC), which captures the debridement component but is broader, omitting the gingival flap elevation and the implant surface context.
449695009 (Elevation of lower limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)Limb elevation as a therapeutic nursing or rehabilitation intervention maps to the positioning action category, but ICHI only has a non-specific NEC code (PZX.LD.ZZ) rather than one targeted to the lower limb, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
46748004 (Elevation of orbital bone fragments of maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptMAF.LD.AA (Open reduction of maxillary bone)This procedure involves elevating impacted orbital bony fragments associated with the maxillary sinus (typically a blow-out/antral fracture repair approach), which corresponds most closely to open reduction of the maxillary bone; this code is wider because it covers all open maxillary bone reductions rather than specifically the displacement/elevation of orbital fragments into the maxillary sinus.
232568005 (Elevation of scarred plaque of vocal fold)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)Elevating a scarred plaque of the vocal fold is a microlaryngoscopic local excision/resection of a lesion at the laryngeal level; ICHI codes target the larynx rather than the individual vocal fold, and JAN.JI.AC is the best available match, though broader because it covers all laryngeal lesion excisions without distinguishing the vocal fold specifically.
449680007 (Elevation of upper limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for upper limb elevation; the closest available code covers positioning of any body part not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the upper limb.
7122004 (Embolectomy of abdominal vein)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific "extraction of obstruction" code for abdominal or pelvic vein; the IED block lacks this action. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedure action (embolectomy) but applies to any blood vessel not covered elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
38764003 (Embolectomy of aorta)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Neither the thoracic nor abdominal aorta blocks in ICHI contain an "extraction of obstruction" (embolectomy) code — only endarterectomy and bypass are present. IZE.JE.AA correctly represents the procedure action (removal of an embolic obstruction from a vessel) but is non-specific regarding the aorta as the target site.
233480007 (Embolectomy of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for embolectomy of an arteriovenous fistula; the only AV-fistula-related code is IZA.SN.AF (management of arteriovenous shunt), which is a maintenance concept rather than a thromboembolectomy. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedural action but does not specify the AV fistula as the target structure.
233481006 (Embolectomy of arteriovenous graft)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no code distinguishing an arteriovenous graft from a native vessel for embolectomy purposes; IZE.JE.AA is the best available functional match, representing extraction of an obstruction from a blood vessel without specifying the AV graft target.
397034000 (Embolectomy of vein)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies a vein (not an artery), but ICHI has no "extraction of obstruction from vein, NEC" code in the IZD block; the closest residual is IZE.JE.AA which covers any blood vessel NEC. This ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses both arteries and veins without site specification.
13419005 (Embolization of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)Therapeutic embolization of an abdominal artery maps well to this ICHI code. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses pelvic arteries in addition to abdominal arteries, and specifies an endovascular means which is the standard approach; the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach.
711277004 (Embolization of abdominal vein)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)Therapeutic embolization of an abdominal vein maps to this ICHI code, which also includes pelvic veins, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept. As with the artery equivalent, the ICHI code specifies an endovascular approach while the SNOMED concept leaves the approach unspecified.
448991009 (Embolization of aneurysm of renal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The renal artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.LA.AF captures the vessel territory, but the ICHI code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the renal artery specifically, and does not convey that the target is an aneurysm — making ICHI broader on both dimensions.
88450001 (Embolization of artery of head)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)IBA.LA.AF is a strong match in procedure type (endovascular embolisation/occlusion) and anatomical region, but the ICHI code encompasses both head and neck arteries whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to arteries of the head only, making ICHI the broader of the two.
23017004 (Embolization of artery of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of lower limb)The ICHI code matches on anatomical target (artery of lower limb) and procedure type (endovascular embolisation), but specifies "endovascular" approach and adds "or occlusion," making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain to an endovascular route. In practice these are functionally near-equivalent, but the ICHI title encompasses more than the SNOMED display.
68159003 (Embolization of artery of neck)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)ICHI's closest code covers arteries of both head and neck combined, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to arteries of the neck specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader. No separate neck-only artery embolisation code exists in ICHI at the category level.
88971002 (Embolization of artery of upper limb)maps to wider conceptICA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb)Anatomical target matches precisely (artery of upper limb), but ICHI specifies the endovascular approach and pairs embolisation with occlusion, making it slightly broader; the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral.
233325004 (Embolization of branch of external carotid artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)There is no ICHI category specific to the external carotid artery or its branches; the best available code covers all extracranial arteries of the head and neck broadly, which subsumes the external carotid branches but is considerably less specific than the SNOMED concept.
449172001 (Embolization of intraabdominal arteriovenous malformation)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) — a more specific lesion type. ICHI has no dedicated AVM-specific embolisation code for the abdominal region, making this the best available match at a broader level.
448313001 (Embolization of intracranial aneurysm using catheter)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF captures endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery by catheter-based approach (means axis AF = endovascular/transluminal), which matches the procedural intent of aneurysm coiling. However, ICHI does not distinguish aneurysm as a specific target lesion, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
230910009 (Embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformation)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF is the closest ICHI code covering endovascular embolisation of intracranial arterial structures, but it does not specifically encode the AVM as the target lesion; ICHI has no dedicated intracranial AVM embolisation category, so the mapping is wider.
233425000 (Embolization of intracranial vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein of head and neck)The IAD (intracranial vein) block contains only imaging codes — there is no dedicated embolisation/occlusion code for intracranial veins. IBD.LA.AF covers embolisation of any vein of the head and neck (a broader anatomical region that subsumes the intracranial veins), making it the best available match but wider in scope.
233220007 (Embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation)maps to wider conceptHID.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of pulmonary artery)HID.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the pulmonary artery broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) as the target lesion. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pulmonary AVM embolisation, so this broader code is the best available match.
233327007 (Embolization of spinal artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)There is no ICHI code specific to the spinal artery; the spinal arteries arise from the vertebral artery and are accessed via the extracranial head-and-neck arterial system, making IBA.LA.AF the closest anatomical fit. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all arteries of the head and neck, not the spinal artery specifically.
301070009 (Embolization of subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptICA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb)ICHI classifies the subclavian artery under "vessels of upper limb" (BlockL4-ICA), and ICA.LA.AF is the designated embolisation code for that block; no subclavian-specific code exists. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries, not the subclavian alone.
301078002 (Embolization of suprarenal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The suprarenal (adrenal) artery is an abdominal artery with no dedicated ICHI code; IEA.LA.AF, which covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses the entire abdominal/pelvic arterial territory.
312138002 (Embolization of uterine artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The uterine artery is a pelvic artery with no dedicated ICHI code; IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries rather than the uterine artery specifically.
176499004 (Embolization of varicocele)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus / internal spermatic vein, which is a pelvic vein, so embolization of a varicocele falls within this code. However, IED.LA.AF covers the entire category of abdominal or pelvic vein embolisation and is not specific to the gonadal/spermatic vein, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
236987005 (Emergency cesarean hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)Emergency caesarean hysterectomy is a combined obstetric procedure involving delivery by caesarean section followed by total hysterectomy, typically for uncontrollable haemorrhage; ICHI has no single combined code, and NME.JK.AA captures only the hysterectomy component (the dominant/definitive intervention) while losing both the obstetric context and the emergency qualifier.
174039006 (Emergency excision of normal appendix)maps to wider conceptKBO.JK.AA (Appendicectomy)KBO.JK.AA represents appendicectomy in general without distinguishing whether the appendix is normal (incidental/prophylactic removal) or diseased, nor does it capture the emergency setting, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
236985002 (Emergency lower segment cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA covers all caesarean deliveries regardless of technique or urgency, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the lower-segment approach and the emergency (unplanned) nature; no more specific ICHI code exists for lower-segment or emergency caesarean variants.
391035008 (Emergency mental health assessment - 24 hour intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ captures the core act of assessing mental functions, which aligns with the procedural essence of this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not convey the emergency setting, the 24-hour intensive duration, or the specific psychosocial framing.
391036009 (Emergency mental health assessment - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, but does not encode the emergency context, the 24-hour non-intensive service delivery model, or any intensity/duration qualifier. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
391054008 (Emergency mental health assessment - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ maps to the core assessment-of-mental-functions action but does not distinguish the emergency setting, daily frequency, or intensive level that characterise this SNOMED concept, making it a broader match.
391038005 (Emergency mental health assessment - Part day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)The ICHI code captures the mental health assessment action but omits the emergency framing and the part-day/day-care service-delivery model; it is broader than this SNOMED concept in the same way as the other two emergency mental health assessment variants.
175568007 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal artery of lower limb by anastomosis of aorta to common femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)IFA.LI.AA correctly captures an open bypass/anastomosis of the lower limb arterial system, which is the operative mechanism of an aortofemoral bypass, but it does not encode the aneurysmal pathology, the emergency setting, the aortic origin, or the specific recipient vessel (common femoral artery).
175569004 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal artery of lower limb by anastomosis of aorta to superficial femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)Identical reasoning to 175568007 — IFA.LI.AA covers open bypass of the lower limb artery but cannot distinguish the superficial femoral artery as the specific distal anastomotic target, nor the aneurysmal indication or emergency context.
175566006 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal common iliac artery by anastomosis of aorta to common iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept describes an open anastomotic bypass specifically of the common iliac artery for aneurysm under emergency conditions, while IEA.LI.AA covers any bypass of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specificity for emergency setting, aneurysm indication, or the common iliac as the target vessel.
233367008 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal deep femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)Replacement of an aneurysmal vessel by graft interposition is best captured by "reconstruction" (ML action axis) rather than bypass; however IFA.ML.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all lower limb arteries, not specifically the deep femoral, and does not encode the emergency or aneurysm context.
1296486004 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)Emergency aneurysm replacement of the femoral artery is an open graft interposition/reconstruction; IFA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI category but is broader, applying to any reconstructive procedure on any lower limb artery without specifying the femoral artery, aneurysm indication, or emergency context.
175626001 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal femoral artery by anastomosis of femoral artery to tibial artery using vein graft)maps to wider conceptIFA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of lower limb)The SNOMED concept is a specific femorotibial open bypass using a vein conduit performed emergently for aneurysm, which maps best to IFA.LI.AA (open bypass of a lower limb artery); the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the femoral-to-tibial route, vein graft technique, or emergency/aneurysm indication.
175567002 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of aorta to external iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept describes an emergency open aorto-external iliac anastomotic bypass for aneurysm, which aligns structurally with IEA.LI.AA; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any bypass of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specifying the external iliac target vessel, aortic origin, aneurysm indication, or emergency context.
175564009 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of femoral artery to femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept describes a specific femoro-femoral bypass technique used to replace an aneurysmal iliac artery (a named surgical configuration), while IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specifying technique or anastomotic configuration. ICHI does not distinguish iliac artery specifically nor the femoral-to-femoral bypass approach, making the ICHI code broader.
175570003 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of iliac artery to iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept specifies an iliac-to-iliac direct anastomosis technique for emergency aneurysm replacement, whereas IEA.ML.AA captures reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery regardless of technique or anastomotic configuration. The ICHI code is broader in both anatomical scope (any abdominal/pelvic artery) and procedural detail.
233366004 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The popliteal artery is a lower limb artery, so IFA.ML.AA is the correct anatomical block; however, ICHI has no popliteal-specific code and the ICHI code covers any lower limb artery reconstruction without specifying the popliteal vessel or the aneurysm indication. The ICHI code is therefore broader.
236986001 (Emergency upper segment cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA covers all delivery by caesarean section regardless of urgency or uterine segment; it does not distinguish the "emergency" nature or the "upper segment" (classical vs. lower-uterine) specificity encoded in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
228651001 (Employment retraining)maps to wider conceptSU2.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)Employment retraining is a specific form of training aimed at re-entering or changing employment, which falls squarely within the ICHI concept of training in engaging in work and employment; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any work/employment training, not specifically the retraining/re-skilling aspect.
3257008 (Empty and measure peritoneal dialysis fluid)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)The SNOMED concept describes a specific step within peritoneal dialysis — draining and volumetrically measuring the effluent — whereas the ICHI code covers the entire peritoneal dialysis procedure, making it broader than this single procedural component.
1231437004 (Empty can test)maps to wider conceptMUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of muscle power functions)The empty can test (Jobe's test) is a specific orthopaedic provocation manoeuvre to assess supraspinatus (rotator cuff) muscle strength and integrity; no specific ICHI code exists for this named clinical test, and MUB.AA.ZZ (assessment of muscle power functions) is the closest broader functional assessment category that encompasses what the test measures.
225174004 (Emptying colostomy bag)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Emptying a colostomy bag is a routine stoma maintenance task that is a component of stoma management; ICHI has no code for this specific action, and PTD.SN.AC (management of stoma, not elsewhere classified) is the closest available code, covering the broader category of stoma care activities of which bag emptying is one part.
713058002 (End of life care planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ covers individualised care planning for a whole person with unspecified means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to end-of-life context. ICHI has no dedicated end-of-life care planning code, so this is the closest available match within the "Interventions on whole person" block.
405340003 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI does not have a popliteal-artery-specific code; the target granularity stops at "artery of lower limb." IFA.ML.AA (reconstruction) best captures the combined endarterectomy-plus-angioplasty-with-prosthesis concept as a reconstructive vascular procedure, but it is broader in target (all lower limb arteries) and does not encode graft material.
405342006 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)Identical structural reasoning as SNOMED 405340003 — ICHI encodes the combined reconstructive procedure at the lower limb artery level without popliteal specificity or graft-material distinction; the vein graft detail is sub-ICHI granularity that could only be captured via an extension code.
405388000 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) is an artery of the lower limb; ICHI does not distinguish it from other lower limb arteries. IFA.ML.AA (reconstruction of artery of lower limb) is the best available code for this combined endarterectomy-plus-angioplasty-with-prosthesis procedure, but it is broader in both target anatomy and procedural detail.
405387005 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery, without distinguishing the specific vessel (profunda femoris) or the vein patch component of the angioplasty. The ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept on both the vessel specificity and the compound nature of the procedure.
405405000 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not distinguish the renal artery specifically, nor does it capture the angioplasty with prosthesis patch component. The ICHI code is broader on both vessel specificity and procedure detail.
405404001 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for a renal artery endarterectomy, but it is broader in that it does not capture the renal artery specifically or the vein patch angioplasty component.
405341004 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code but covers all lower limb arteries without distinguishing the superficial femoral artery, and does not encode the prosthesis patch angioplasty component of the combined procedure.
405339000 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA is the closest ICHI match but is broader, lacking specificity for the superficial femoral artery and not encoding the vein patch angioplasty component.
405336007 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)The tibio-peroneal artery is a lower limb artery, so IFA.JE.AA covers the endarterectomy component, but ICHI does not capture the combined angioplasty procedure, the prosthetic patch/graft material, or the specific tibio-peroneal vessel — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405335006 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery with vein)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)The ICHI code covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery but does not distinguish the tibio-peroneal vessel, the combined angioplasty step, or the vein patch material, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept.
447746007 (Endarterectomy and patch repair of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal artery group covered by IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific vessel (inferior mesenteric) or the associated patch repair component of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
7642007 (Endarterectomy of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)This is a close match — both describe endarterectomy of an abdominal artery — however ICHI extends scope to also include pelvic arteries, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to abdominal arteries.
450512004 (Endarterectomy of axillary artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any upper limb artery, while the SNOMED concept specifies the axillary artery in particular. ICHI does not have a more granular code for the axillary artery, so the best match is one level broader.
233298008 (Endarterectomy of common carotid artery)maps to wider conceptIBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.JE.AA applies to the extracranial carotid artery as a whole, which includes the common, internal, and external carotid arteries; the SNOMED concept is specific to the common carotid. No more granular ICHI code for the common carotid exists within this block.
233307006 (Endarterectomy of common femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery; the SNOMED concept is specific to the common femoral artery. ICHI has no dedicated code for the common femoral artery, making this the closest available match.
441483001 (Endo-esophageal ultrasonography of mediastinum)maps to wider conceptKBA.BA.AD (Endoscopic ultrasonography of oesophagus)ICHI codes endoscopic ultrasonography by the organ carrying the scope (oesophagus as target/route), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the mediastinum as the structure being imaged; ICHI has no dedicated code for EUS of the mediastinum, so the oesophageal EUS code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
431553009 (Endoanal ultrasound examination of rectal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.BA.BK (Endoanal ultrasound)ICHI's endoanal ultrasound code covers the anus and anal canal as the anatomical context without specifying the rectal sphincter as the target structure; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the rectal (anal) sphincter as the structure under examination.
441561002 (Endobronchial ultrasound examination of mediastinum)maps to wider conceptJBB.BA.AD (Endoscopic ultrasonography of bronchus)Analogous to the oesophageal EUS mapping, ICHI encodes this as endoscopic ultrasonography of the bronchus (the instrument route) and has no dedicated code for EBUS specifically targeting mediastinal structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
268549006 (Endocrine/metabolic screening)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions under the endocrine system chapter and is the closest functional match to an endocrine/metabolic screening encounter, but it is broader — it encompasses any assessment of metabolic function rather than a targeted screening programme for specific endocrine or metabolic conditions.
71387007 (Endodontic dental consultation and report)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the best available match for a dental consultation encounter within the teeth interventions block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept — it does not distinguish the endodontic specialty focus or the generation of a formal consultation report.
420029005 (Endolaser photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Endolaser photocoagulation is a laser-based destruction of retinal tissue, making BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina — target: retina, action: destruction, means: open) the best structural match; however, ICHI has no photocoagulation or laser means code, so the code is broader and does not capture the specific laser/photocoagulation technique used endoscopically during vitreoretinal surgery.
386801007 (Endometrial scraping)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)ICHI has no specific code for endometrial scraping alone; the closest match is "Dilatation and curettage of uterus" (NME.JE.AC), which involves mechanical scraping of the endometrium but is broader because it also includes the dilation step. The suction curettage code (NME.JB.AC) was considered but scraping implies sharp curettage, making NME.JE.AC the better fit despite the wider scope.
1333966001 (Endoscopic balloon dilation of bilateral bronchi)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)ICHI's code for endoscopic dilatation of bronchus matches on target, action, and approach (endoscopic), but it is broader because it does not specify the balloon technique nor the bilateral nature of the procedure — the SNOMED concept is more granular on both counts.
89311007 (Endoscopic biopsy of jejunum)maps to wider conceptKBK.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a jejunum-specific endoscopic biopsy code; the best available code covers the small intestine NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the jejunum as the target site.
71367006 (Endoscopic biopsy of sphincter of Oddi)maps to wider conceptKCM.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)The ICHI code covers either the biliary duct or the sphincter of Oddi jointly, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the sphincter of Oddi; however, it is the most precise match available and explicitly names the sphincter of Oddi.
235155001 (Endoscopic Congo Red Test)maps to wider conceptKBF.AE.AD (Gastroscopy)ICHI contains no code for chromoendoscopy, intragastric dye testing, or the Congo Red acid-secretion test specifically; gastroscopy (KBF.AE.AD) captures the endoscopic examination of the stomach but is far broader, covering any gastroscopic procedure rather than this specific diagnostic dye test.
450514003 (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of prostate)Transurethral (endoscopic) destruction is the correct approach, matching the endoscopic qualifier in SNOMED, but the ICHI code targets the prostate broadly rather than a specific lesion, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies destruction of a lesion only.
8869009 (Endoscopic dilation of gastrojejunostomy site)maps to wider conceptKBK.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)A gastrojejunostomy site spans the stomach-jejunum junction; ICHI has no specific code for anastomosis-site dilatation, so the endoscopic dilatation of small intestine (NEC) code is the best available fit. It is broader because it covers any small intestinal dilatation rather than specifically the gastrojejunostomy anastomosis.
698735002 (Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bezoar in stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)ICHI has no specific code for lithotripsy or electrohydraulic fragmentation of a gastric bezoar; KBF.JD.AD is the closest conceptual match since a bezoar is a gastric foreign body/concretion, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish lithotripsy/fragmentation from simple removal, nor specify the bezoar as target.
698413006 (Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of duodenal bezoar)maps to wider conceptKBI.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from duodenum)ICHI lacks a lithotripsy or fragmentation code for the duodenum, so the nearest match is endoscopic removal of a foreign body from the duodenum; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all endoscopic foreign body removal from the duodenum without specifying the electrohydraulic technique or bezoar target.
433166009 (Endoscopic esophageal dilation using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)KBA.LG.AD captures the endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus precisely, but the SNOMED concept specifies fluoroscopic guidance as the means, which adds a layer of detail not encoded in the ICHI code; the ICHI code is therefore broader as it applies to all endoscopic oesophageal dilatation regardless of guidance modality.
447326000 (Endoscopic ethmoidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAH.FA.AA (Ethmoidotomy)JAH.FA.AA is the dedicated ethmoidotomy code in ICHI and matches the procedure concept precisely; however, the means axis (AA = open approach) does not have a dedicated endoscopic variant in ICHI for ethmoidotomy specifically, making the open-coded JAH.FA.AA broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies endoscopic approach.
1217116004 (Endoscopic examination of ileoanal pouch)maps to wider conceptKBK.AE.AD (Endoscopy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)An ileoanal pouch (J-pouch) is a surgically constructed reservoir from terminal ileum; ICHI has no dedicated code for pouchoscopy, so the closest available code is endoscopy of small intestine NEC, which is broader in that it covers all small intestinal endoscopy rather than specifically this pouch anatomy.
1217118003 (Endoscopic examination of lower bowel and biopsy of lesion of lower bowel)maps to wider conceptKBP.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of colon)The SNOMED concept combines colonoscopy with targeted biopsy of the lower bowel (colon and rectum); KBP.AD.AD captures the defining element — the endoscopic biopsy of the colon — but is wider because it does not encode the combined examination-plus-biopsy nature and does not explicitly include the rectum.
56078005 (Endoscopic excision of lesion of sphincter of Oddi)maps to wider conceptKCM.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)The ICHI code is a close match for endoscopic excision at the sphincter of Oddi but its scope extends to biliary duct lesions as well, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted specifically to the sphincter of Oddi.
446445003 (Endoscopic excision of prostate using holmium laser)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)NGA.JJ.AD captures transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy (which encompasses HoLEP/holmium laser enucleation of the prostate), but ICHI does not distinguish the specific laser modality used; the alternative NGA.GA.AD represents tissue destruction rather than excision/enucleation, making NGA.JJ.AD the better fit despite being broader in technique.
173928004 (Endoscopic extirpation of lesion of jejunum)maps to wider conceptKBK.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.JI.AD matches the endoscopic approach and local lesion excision action precisely, but ICHI classifies the jejunum under "small intestine, not elsewhere classified" — a broader anatomical grouping — rather than providing a jejunum-specific code.
789171004 (Endoscopic forehead and brow lift)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no specific code for endoscopic brow or forehead lift; the closest available code is LAA.LL.AA (reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck), which covers the general concept of skin reduction in that region but is broader (not specific to the forehead/brow or to the endoscopic approach).
274472002 (Endoscopic gastrointestinal tract dilation)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers endoscopic dilation anywhere in the GI tract, while ICHI has site-specific endoscopic dilatation codes (oesophagus, duodenum, colon, rectum, etc.). KZZ.LG.AD is the broadest available intestinal dilatation NEC code but still excludes the oesophagus and stomach, making it wider than any individual site code but narrower than the full GI tract scope of the SNOMED concept.
713167000 (Endoscopic harvesting of radial artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.JH.AA (Procurement of artery for graft, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JH.AA covers procurement (harvesting) of any artery for graft use but is not specific to the radial artery, nor does it capture the endoscopic approach (the means axis uses AA = open/unspecified rather than an endoscopic means). No more specific radial artery procurement code exists in ICHI.
1303802002 (Endoscopic injection of epinephrine into lesion of stomach for control of hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptKBF.DB.AD (Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach)KBF.DB.AD matches precisely on target (stomach), action (administration/injection of agent into lesion), and approach (endoscopic), but is broader because it does not specify the agent (epinephrine/adrenaline) or the haemostatic intent; the SNOMED concept is a clinically narrower, purpose-defined specialisation of this ICHI code.
426133008 (Endoscopic insertion of prosthesis into prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AD (Transurethral insertion of device into prostate)NGA.DL.AD covers transurethral (endoscopic) insertion of a device into the prostate, which encompasses prosthesis/implant placement. ICHI uses the broader term "device" rather than specifying "prosthesis," making the ICHI code wider in scope.
425452004 (Endoscopic laser ablation of placental arterio-venous anastomosis)maps to wider conceptNMM.GA.AB (Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta)NMM.GA.AB matches the endoscopic approach and destruction of placental vessels, which is the core procedure for fetoscopic laser coagulation of arterio-venous anastomoses (as in twin-twin transfusion syndrome treatment). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means, nor restrict to arterio-venous anastomoses specifically.
174209005 (Endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of sigmoid colon using rigid sigmoidoscope)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)ICHI has no sigmoid-colon-specific destruction code; the closest is KBP.GA.AD which covers endoscopic destruction of a lesion in the colon broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify sigmoid colon, the laser means, or the rigid sigmoidoscope instrument.
175953004 (Endoscopic laser fragmentation of renal calculus)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AD (Retrograde pyeloscopy with destruction of renal lesion or tissue)NAA.GA.AD represents retrograde endoscopic (pyeloscopic) destruction of renal lesion or tissue, which encompasses laser fragmentation of a renal calculus as the destruction action performed via endoscopy. The ICHI code is wider because "renal lesion or tissue" is broader than calculus specifically, and the laser means is not encoded.
609195004 (Endoscopic laser surgery on lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)KBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction/ablation of an oesophageal lesion, which is the operative intent of endoscopic laser surgery on a lesion of the oesophagus. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means.
176986005 (Endoscopic occlusion of left fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AD (Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AD covers hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes, the most specific endoscopic-approach occlusion code available; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify laterality (left side) and refers to tubes (plural).
176985009 (Endoscopic occlusion of right fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AD (Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AD is the most specific endoscopic-approach fallopian tube occlusion code but does not encode laterality (right side) or unilaterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
713830006 (Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of esophageal epithelium)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)The ICHI code captures the oesophageal target, endoscopic approach, and destruction/ablation action, but is broader because it does not specify radiofrequency as the means nor restrict the target to epithelial tissue.
427118006 (Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of lesion of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of prostate)NGA.GA.AD covers transurethral destruction of the prostate broadly, but the SNOMED concept is more specific — targeting a discrete lesion (not the whole gland) and specifying radiofrequency as the means, which ICHI does not encode at the code level.
363106000 (Endoscopic removal from urinary system)maps to wider conceptNAN.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified)NAN.JD.AC covers removal of a device or foreign body from the urinary system NEC via orifice; it specifies the object being removed while the SNOMED concept is broader, and ICHI does not constrain to endoscopic approach for this code.
1260207009 (Endoscopic removal of bulking agent from outlet of female urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AD (Transurethral endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)NAK.JD.AD captures transurethral endoscopic removal of an implanted material (bulking agent) from the bladder neck, which corresponds to the bladder outlet; it does not distinguish female from male anatomy, making it wider than the sex-specific SNOMED concept.
1260206000 (Endoscopic removal of bulking agent from outlet of male urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AD (Transurethral endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)NAK.JD.AD captures transurethral endoscopic removal of an implanted material from the bladder neck/outlet; it does not distinguish male from female anatomy and uses the generic "internal device or foreign body" rather than naming a bulking agent.
395231000119103 (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with insertion of catheter into biliary duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of biliary tract device)The dominant therapeutic action is endoscopic device insertion into the biliary tract, which KCM.DL.AD captures well. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any endoscopic biliary device insertion regardless of whether ERCP is the access route.
16430491000119106 (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with insertion of catheter into pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptKCO.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct)KCO.DL.AD captures the core interventional act; ICHI has no single code combining ERCP as a technique with pancreatic duct device insertion, so the code is broader (does not specify the approach is via ERCP/fluoroscopy).
870378000 (Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty)maps to wider conceptKBF.LL.AA (Gastroplasty)ICHI has Gastroplasty (KBF.LL.AA) and Laparoscopic gastroplasty (KBF.LL.AB) but no endoscopic-specific variant. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach or the sleeve/plication technique.
265455000 (Endoscopic sphincterotomy of sphincter of Oddi and removal of calculus)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AD (Extraction of calculus from bile duct via endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram)The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (sphincterotomy + calculus removal). KCM.JE.AD captures the calculus removal component (the dominant therapeutic purpose) but does not encode the sphincterotomy component; no single ICHI code unifies both.
713000002 (Endoscopic submucosal dissection of rectum using sigmoidoscope)maps to wider conceptKBW.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of rectum)ICHI has no code specifically for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the rectum; KBW.JI.AD covers endoscopic removal of a rectal lesion but is broader because it does not distinguish ESD as a technique.
426066009 (Endoscopic submucosal resection of lesion of lower bowel using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope)maps to wider conceptKBU.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of sigmoid colon)KBU.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the sigmoid colon (the relevant lower bowel segment), but ICHI does not distinguish submucosal dissection as a specific technique, making the code broader.
87030009 (Endoscopic transurethral fulguration of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of prostate)NGA.GA.AD captures transurethral destruction of the prostate, which encompasses fulguration (electrosurgical destruction), but ICHI uses a generic "destruction" action without specifying the fulguration technique.
1260490004 (Endoscopic transurethral removal of tension free vaginal tape from urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AD (Transurethral endoscopic removal of foreign body from urethra without incision)NAM.JD.AD matches the endoscopic transurethral approach and removal action from the urethra, but ICHI uses the generic "foreign body" category rather than specifying TVT as the implant.
1260491000 (Endoscopic transurethral removal of tension free vaginal tape from urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.JD.AD (Endoscopic transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body of bladder)NAI.JD.AD matches the endoscopic transurethral approach and removal from the bladder, but ICHI covers any internal device or foreign body generically, whereas SNOMED specifies TVT.
1260492007 (Endoscopic transurethral removal of transobturator tape from urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AD (Transurethral endoscopic removal of foreign body from urethra without incision)NAM.JD.AD covers endoscopic transurethral removal of any foreign body from the urethra; the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to transobturator tape.
1260493002 (Endoscopic transurethral removal of transobturator tape from urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.JD.AD (Endoscopic transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body of bladder)NAI.JD.AD matches target, approach, and action precisely; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically transobturator tape.
1300176002 (Endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary tract drainage)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AD (Endoscopic drainage of bile duct)KCM.JB.AD captures the endoscopic drainage of the bile duct; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify EUS guidance as the means.
1284923001 (Endoscopic ultrasonography guided gallbladder drainage)maps to wider conceptKCF.JB.AA (Cholecystostomy)Cholecystostomy is the established term for surgical/endoscopic creation of a gallbladder drainage; no ICHI code exists for EUS-guided gallbladder drainage specifically, and the ICHI code is broader as it covers all approaches without specifying EUS guidance.
1216947003 (Endoscopic ultrasonography guided hepaticogastrostomy)maps to wider conceptKCM.LI.AD (Endoscopic choledochoenterostomy)Hepaticogastrostomy is a form of bilioenteric anastomosis; KCM.LI.AD covers any endoscopic bile duct-to-gut anastomosis, broader because it does not specify the stomach as the target organ or EUS guidance as the technique.
446886003 (Endoscopic ultrasonography of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.BA.AD (Endoscopic ultrasonography of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers the same procedure but carries an NEC residual qualifier indicating it is a catch-all for small intestine procedures not classified elsewhere, making it slightly broader than the defined SNOMED concept.
427108001 (Endoscopic ultrasound examination of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of liver)ICHI does not have a dedicated endoscopic ultrasound code for the liver; KCA.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of liver by any approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the endoscopic route.
169252006 (Endoscopic ultrasound of upper gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptKBF.BA.AD (Endoscopic ultrasonography of stomach)ICHI has no single code covering endoscopic ultrasonography of the entire upper GI tract (oesophagus + stomach + duodenum); KBF.BA.AD is the most clinically representative segment, but the SNOMED concept is wider in scope.
445982009 (Endoscopy and biopsy of upper gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptKZZ.AD.AD (Endoscopic intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified)ICHI provides no single code for endoscopic biopsy of the upper GI tract as a whole; KZZ.AD.AD is the most applicable NEC endoscopic biopsy code across the digestive system, broader than the SNOMED upper GI scope.
53669008 (Endoscopy of artery of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZE.AE.AF (Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific angioscopy codes for upper limb and lower limb arteries separately but not a single code for "artery of extremity"; the NEC residual code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
40826009 (Endoscopy of ileum)maps to wider conceptKBK.AE.AD (Endoscopy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated ileum endoscopy code; the ileum is anatomically part of the small intestine and no more specific block exists for it. KBK.AE.AD covers the full small intestine NEC, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the ileum specifically.
24968008 (Endoscopy of skin of extremities)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to endoscopic inspection of skin of extremities; LZZ.AE.AH covers inspection of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC but is not restricted to the extremities and does not encode the endoscopic means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
88158001 (Endoscopy of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to endoscopic inspection of skin of the neck; LZZ.AE.AH is the closest available code (inspection of skin NEC) but does not encode the neck site or the endoscopic approach, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
39786006 (Endoscopy of spinal canal)maps to wider conceptABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal, open approach) is the best available match for diagnostic endoscopy of the spinal canal; however, the ICHI code does not specify the endoscopic means (the means axis "AA" denotes open), so it is slightly broader in approach but otherwise aligned to the same intervention.
1255362003 (Endoscopy of spinal epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)ICHI has no code dedicated to epiduroscopy or endoscopy of the spinal epidural space specifically; ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal) is the closest match but covers the broader spinal canal rather than the epidural space alone.
18044005 (Endoscopy of trachea)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBA (Interventions on trachea)No ICHI category code exists for a simple diagnostic endoscopic inspection of the trachea (the only tracheoscopy code, JBA.AE.AB, is specifically via artificial stoma). The block covering all trachea interventions is the best available match, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
446017000 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of duodenum)The ICHI code covers endoscopic local excision of any lesion of the duodenum, which includes polypectomy but is broader in that it is not restricted to polyps specifically. The SNOMED concept also includes the upper GI endoscopic approach, which is implicit in the ".AD" (endoscopic) means axis of the ICHI code.
445976006 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus)The ICHI code captures endoscopic local excision of any oesophageal lesion; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to polyps. The endoscopic upper GI approach is conveyed by the ".AD" means axis.
446742004 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and injection of varix of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.DB.AD (Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus)A varix is a vascular lesion of the oesophagus, and endoscopic injection (sclerotherapy or tissue adhesive) maps well to "endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus." The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any oesophageal lesion and any injected agent, not specifically to varices or sclerosants.
446727002 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and injection of varix of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.DB.AD (Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach)Endoscopic injection of a gastric varix (sclerotherapy or tissue adhesive injection) is best represented by "endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach." The alternative, KBF.LA.AA (Occlusion of gastric varices), does not specify the endoscopic approach and is coded as an open procedure, making KBF.DB.AD the better fit despite being broader than the SNOMED concept.
446744003 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and ligation of varix of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding)Endoscopic ligation (band ligation) of a duodenal varix is a specific technique for controlling duodenal variceal bleeding endoscopically. ICHI has no dedicated varix ligation code; KBI.LA.AD (endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding) is the closest match but is broader, covering all methods of endoscopic haemostasis of the duodenum rather than varix ligation specifically.
830041003 (Endovascular insertion of stent into artery of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for an endovascular stent procedure in a lower limb artery, correctly specifying the percutaneous transluminal approach and the lower limb artery target. It is slightly broader because the ICHI title refers to "insertion of device" (which includes stents but also other devices) and implies preceding balloon dilatation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to stent insertion alone.
830042005 (Endovascular insertion of stent into intracranial vascular structure)maps to wider conceptIAA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into intracranial artery)IAA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device (stent) insertion into the intracranial artery, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is scoped to intracranial artery only, whereas the SNOMED concept includes the broader "intracranial vascular structure" (which may include veins or other vessels).
230915004 (Endovascular obliteration of lesion of intracranial vasculature)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery, which is the closest ICHI match for obliteration of intracranial vascular lesions (e.g., aneurysm coiling, AVM embolisation); however, the SNOMED concept specifies a lesion as the target and references the broader "intracranial vasculature" (not limited to arteries), making the ICHI code narrower in scope.
439529000 (Endovascular repair of aneurysm of iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for endovascular iliac artery aneurysm repair (EVAR/stent-graft), covering percutaneous device insertion into the abdominal or pelvic artery; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm repair or iliac-specific code, so the match is wider — the ICHI code encompasses all abdominal/pelvic arteries and all device insertions, not just aneurysm repair of the iliac artery specifically.
817947005 (Endovascular repair of aneurysm using fenestrated branched endovascular stent graft)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)ICHI captures the endovascular (percutaneous transluminal) device insertion into the abdominal aorta but does not distinguish fenestrated or branched stent graft configurations from standard EVAR; the ICHI code is also silent on aneurysm site specificity (infrarenal, thoracoabdominal) that FEVAR/BEVAR implies.
1259868000 (Endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft and stent graft anchoring system)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)The ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which corresponds to the core endovascular stent graft deployment, but ICHI has no representation of the additional anchoring system component (e.g., EndoAnchor) nor any distinction for aneurysm repair as opposed to other device insertions.
428809009 (Endovascular repair of aorto-uniiliac aneurysm using endovascular stent graft)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)The aorto-uniiliac configuration involves the abdominal aorta and a single iliac limb, but ICHI codes only to the abdominal aorta target and does not represent the iliac extension, the aorto-uniiliac graft configuration, or the aneurysm indication.
429167002 (Endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)This is the classic EVAR procedure; HIH.DL.AF (percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta) is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader — it does not specify infrarenal location, aneurysm as the indication, or stent graft as the specific device type.
429679003 (Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft)maps to wider conceptHIG.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta)HIG.DL.AF correctly targets the descending thoracic aorta with a percutaneous transluminal approach, matching TEVAR anatomy, but ICHI does not specify aneurysm repair as the indication or stent graft as the device — making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
708969008 (Endovascular thrombectomy of inferior vena cava)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)HIC.JE.AA captures the correct target (inferior vena cava) and the correct action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy), but does not specify the endovascular approach — only an open variant exists in ICHI — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
713158000 (Endovenous laser ablation of varicose vein of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)IFD.GA.AF precisely matches the endovenous approach and the destructive action on the lower limb vein, but the means axis does not distinguish laser from radiofrequency or other ablation modalities, and "varicose vein" specificity is not captured, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
448606008 (Endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of varicose vein of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)IFD.GA.AF covers endovenous destruction of a lower limb vein and maps to the same ICHI code as laser ablation, since ICHI does not distinguish between radiofrequency and laser modalities at the means axis; the varicose vein specificity is also absent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
45925007 (Enema for removal of impacted feces)maps to wider conceptKBW.JB.AC (Removal of impacted faeces)KBW.JB.AC exactly captures the clinical intent (removal of impacted faeces) and sits within the rectum interventions block, but ICHI does not specify the enema technique used as the means, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names enema as the method.
51279005 (Enlargement of foramen ovale in repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection)maps to wider conceptHIE.LB.AA (Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair)HIE.LB.AA captures the primary operative procedure (TAPVC repair), of which foramen ovale enlargement is a component step; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full TAPVC repair rather than specifically the atrial-level enlargement of the foramen ovale performed as part of that repair.
225987006 (Ensuring patient's caregiver prepared for hospital discharge)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)"Discharge planning" (XG38D0) is the closest ICHI concept, but it is broader — it covers the overall planning process for hospital discharge, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets preparation of the patient's caregiver, which is only one component of that planning activity.
38497001 (Enterolithotomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.FA.AA (Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Enterolithotomy is incision of the intestine specifically to remove a calculus (intestinal stone); ICHI has no dedicated calculus-extraction code for the intestine, so KBK.FA.AA (incision of small intestine NEC) is the closest match, capturing the incision component but being broader because it does not specify the purpose of stone removal.
185876009 (Enteroplasty)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Enteroplasty refers broadly to surgical reconstruction or plastic repair of the intestine; ICHI's only named enteroplasty code (KBK.LK.AA) is the highly specific "Serial transverse enteroplasty" (STEP procedure), while KBK.MK.AA (repair of small intestine NEC) is broader but covers the general concept of intestinal reconstruction/repair without specifying technique, making it the best generic fit.
87150006 (Enterostomy)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LI.AA (Other enterostomy, not elsewhere classified)Enterostomy (surgical creation of an opening in the intestine) is captured generically by KZZ.LI.AA; ICHI has site-specific enterostomy codes (KBK.LI.AA for ileostomy, KBP.LI.AA for colostomy), but the unqualified SNOMED concept "Enterostomy" does not specify intestinal segment, so the NEC residual code at the intestine-general level is the most appropriate match, though it is slightly broader as a catch-all.
307555006 (Enterotomy and removal of gallstone)maps to wider conceptKBK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified)A gallstone causing intestinal obstruction is not a "foreign body" in the strict sense, and the enterotomy (incision) component is not represented; ICHI has no dedicated code for intestinal gallstone removal. KBK.JD.AA captures the removal-from-intestine concept but is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
229827003 (Enucleation of corn)maps to wider conceptLAG.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)A corn (heloma) is a hyperkeratotic skin lesion typically on the foot, and enucleation (removal of the central plug) is a form of local excision; ICHI's closest code covers the entire lower limb skin without specificity to the foot or to corn as a lesion type, making it broader.
37184006 (Enucleation of cyst of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion or tissue of liver)Enucleation of a hepatic cyst is a specific technique (shelling out the cyst intact along its plane) that falls within the broader ICHI category of "local excision of lesion or tissue of liver," which does not distinguish cyst enucleation from other forms of local hepatic resection.
60096009 (Enucleation of cyst of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of salivary gland)Enucleation of a salivary gland cyst (removal of the cyst intact) is semantically a local excision of a salivary gland lesion; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any local excision of salivary gland tissue rather than being specific to cyst enucleation.
301847000 (Enucleation of islet cell tumor)maps to wider conceptKCO.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pancreas or pancreatic duct)KCO.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the pancreas or pancreatic duct, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an islet cell (endocrine pancreas) tumor; the dedicated endocrine pancreas block (EBD) in ICHI contains only procurement and transplantation codes, with no specific excision code for islet cell tumors.
239373002 (Enucleation of lesion of bone of face)maps to wider conceptMAB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)MAB.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from any facial bone (unspecified), which matches the SNOMED target site well; however, the ICHI action (JI = local excision) is broader than enucleation, which is a specific technique of shelling out a lesion intact, so the ICHI code is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept.
239374008 (Enucleation of lesion of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of maxilla)MAF.JI.AA precisely targets the maxilla as the site, matching the SNOMED concept's anatomy exactly; the ICHI action (local excision) is broader than enucleation as a specific surgical technique, making the ICHI code wider.
238300006 (Enucleation of lesion of peritoneum)maps to wider conceptKMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue)KMA.JI.AA targets peritoneal tissue with a local excision action, matching the anatomical site of the SNOMED concept; as with the other concepts, ICHI's JI (local excision) action encompasses enucleation without specifying it as the exact technique, making the ICHI code wider.
232631002 (Enucleation of lung lesion)maps to wider conceptJBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lung)JBF.JI.AA targets lung parenchyma with a local lesion excision action, corresponding well to the SNOMED anatomy; the ICHI action is local excision rather than the specific technique of enucleation, so the ICHI code is wider in scope than the SNOMED concept.
387739000 (Enucleation of ovarian cyst)maps to wider conceptNMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ovary)ICHI has no dedicated "enucleation of cyst" concept for the ovary; "local excision of lesion of ovary" is the closest functional equivalent, covering the surgical removal of a discrete ovarian lesion, but it is broader as it encompasses any type of lesion rather than a cyst specifically enucleated while preserving the ovary.
171802005 (Enucleation of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ICHI does not distinguish "enucleation" (shelling out a discrete mass from within the nerve) from total nerve excision; ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) is the closest available code but is broader, as it implies removal of the whole nerve rather than the selective enucleation of a neuroma or similar lesion from within it.
360797007 (Enucleation of renal tumor)maps to wider conceptNAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney)ICHI does not have a specific code for enucleation of a renal tumor; NAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney) is the best available match as it captures the concept of surgically removing a discrete lesion from the kidney, but it is broader since it does not specify the enucleation technique or tumor histology.
410383003 (Environment surveillance)maps to wider conceptUB1.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)The SNOMED concept "Environment surveillance" is a high-level category for monitoring environmental health determinants; UB1.VC.ZZ is the unspecified residual code for public health surveillance of the natural and human-made environment, making it the best aggregate match, though it sits within a broader ICHI framework that also contains many more specific environmental surveillance codes (air, water, soil, climate, etc.).
225341008 (Environmental safety assessment)maps to wider conceptUB1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)UB1.AA.ZZ is the closest available code covering assessment of environmental factors, but it sits within the public-health "natural environment" section and is broader than an individualized environmental safety assessment (e.g., a home or workplace safety appraisal for a patient). VCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours) was also considered but targets behavioural safety rather than the physical environment.
385872009 (Environmental safety education)maps to wider conceptUB1.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified)UB1.PM.ZZ is the best available code for education about environmental factors, but it is framed as a population-level public health intervention rather than individual patient education on environmental safety; the concept is broader than the SNOMED intent. VCC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence home safety behaviours) was considered but is narrowed to home safety behaviours rather than environmental safety in general.
433232009 (Epicardial echocardiography)maps to wider conceptHZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography)ICHI has codes for transoesophageal (HZZ.BA.AC) and intracardiac (HZZ.BA.AF) echocardiography but no dedicated epicardial echocardiography code; HZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography) is the appropriate parent code and is broader than the specific epicardial approach described by the SNOMED concept.
67512004 (Epicardiectomy)maps to wider conceptHFF.JK.AA (Total pericardiectomy)The epicardium is the visceral layer of the pericardium, and epicardiectomy is its surgical removal; ICHI codes pericardiectomy at the level of the full pericardium structure without distinguishing visceral from parietal layers, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. HFF.JK.AA (total pericardiectomy) is the closest structural match as epicardiectomy is functionally equivalent to total removal of the visceral pericardium.
21402002 (Epidural injection of contrast substance via caudal route)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ABG.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal canal (which includes the epidural space) but does not specify the substance (contrast) or the caudal approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; the more specific "Contrast myelogram of spinal canal" (ABG.BA.BB) is a diagnostic imaging modality rather than a pure injection procedure and is therefore a poorer fit.
58418003 (Epidural injection of neurolytic via caudal route)maps to wider conceptABG.GA.AE (Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal)ABG.GA.AE captures the core clinical action — percutaneous injection of a destructive (neurolytic) agent into the spinal canal — which aligns with the SNOMED concept's intent, but the ICHI code does not specify the caudal (sacral hiatus) route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
239323000 (Epiphysiodesis for slipped upper femoral epiphysis)maps to wider conceptMLB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of femur)MLB.LE.AA directly encodes epiphysiodesis of the femur, which is the correct procedure type and anatomical site; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the indication (slipped upper femoral epiphysis) nor the specific location (upper/proximal femoral epiphysis vs. distal femur).
709286001 (Epiphysiodesis of greater trochanter of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of femur)MLB.LE.AA encodes epiphysiodesis of the femur and is the best available match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the sub-site — epiphysiodesis of the greater trochanteric apophysis is a distinct and more specific procedure than generic femoral epiphysiodesis.
270481000 (Epispadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Epispadias repair involves reconstruction of a dorsally displaced urethral meatus, which maps most closely to NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra); however, this ICHI code is broader as it covers urethral reconstruction for any cause and does not specify the epispadias anomaly, and the full epispadias repair often also involves the bladder neck, pubic symphysis, and penile or clitoral structures beyond the urethra alone.
704134002 (Epistaxis care management)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC (control of epistaxis, interventions on nose) is the best available match and covers the active haemostatic management of nosebleed, but "epistaxis care management" as a SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing assessment, monitoring, and patient education components beyond acute haemostasis control. The ICHI code therefore is slightly narrower in clinical scope relative to the full SNOMED meaning, making the ICHI code wider than an exact match from the SNOMED side but not a full equivalent.
287393001 (Epistaxis control by cryosurgery)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC captures the target (nose), action (control of haemorrhage), and endonasal approach, but does not encode the cryosurgical means — the ICHI code is therefore broader, covering epistaxis control by any technique rather than specifically cryosurgery.
223426009 (Equipment use education)maps to wider conceptUA1.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology, unspecified)UA1.PM.ZZ covers education about products and technology broadly, which encompasses equipment use education, but the ICHI code is unspecified in terms of equipment type and does not distinguish educational intent (safety vs. use); it is wider than the SNOMED concept.
228634008 (Ergonomic education)maps to wider conceptVCB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence workplace safety behaviours)Ergonomic education is a specific form of education targeting workplace posture and injury prevention, which falls within the broader ICHI category of education aimed at workplace safety behaviours. No ICHI category exists specifically for ergonomic education; the closest assignable intervention code is VCB.PM.ZZ, which is broader in scope.
241372008 (ERPF determination)maps to wider conceptNAA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the kidney)ERPF (Effective Renal Plasma Flow) determination is most commonly performed using radionuclide techniques (e.g., PAH clearance or MAG3/OIH renography), making NAA.BA.BE the closest ICHI code; however, it is broader as it covers any nuclear imaging of the kidney rather than the specific functional measurement of renal plasma flow.
66488001 (Esophageal speech training)maps to wider conceptJUC.PH.ZZ (Training of speech functions)JUC.PH.ZZ covers training of speech functions broadly and accurately represents the rehabilitative goal of esophageal speech training (post-laryngectomy), but ICHI does not have a specific code distinguishing esophageal (alaryngeal) speech technique from other speech training modalities.
307332009 (Esophagectomy and colonic interposition)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)KBA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive phase of the procedure (restoring oesophageal continuity after resection) but does not specify that a colonic segment is used as the interposition graft; ICHI also does not separately represent the esophagectomy component, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
307331002 (Esophagectomy and jejunal interposition)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)As with colonic interposition, KBA.ML.AA represents oesophageal reconstruction without specifying the jejunal graft segment used; ICHI does not distinguish between different bowel interposition types, so the same code applies at a broader level of granularity.
38436007 (Esophagogastric tamponade with balloon)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)ICHI has no dedicated code for oesophagastric balloon tamponade (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube); KBA.DL.AC captures the essential act of inserting a device into the oesophagus but is broader, as it does not encode the gastric component, the balloon mechanism, or the tamponade purpose (haemostasis of varices).
1304002009 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of duodenum)ICHI has no code that specifies full-thickness resection of the duodenum endoscopically; KBI.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of a duodenal lesion, which is the closest structural match, but it is broader because it does not distinguish full-thickness from mucosal/submucosal resection depth.
1288009005 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)The endosponge (endoscopic vacuum therapy sponge) is a device inserted per orifice into the oesophagus, making KBA.DL.AC the structurally best match; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the endoscopic approach, the specific device type, or the therapeutic intent (wound/leak management).
1288010000 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.DL.AC (Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.DL.AC matches well on target (small intestine) and means (per orifice, i.e. endoscopic transoral route) for device insertion; it is broader because it does not specify the endosponge device type or the endoscopic vacuum therapy purpose, and "not elsewhere classified" reflects the residual nature of the code.
1288008002 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach)KBF.DL.AD is the best available match, correctly capturing the endoscopic approach and device insertion into the stomach; it is broader because it does not distinguish the endosponge as the specific device type or reflect the vacuum therapy indication.
1255197006 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with clipping for control of hemorrhage of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.LA.AD (Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus)ICHI uses the LA (occlusion) action axis for endoscopic haemostasis/clipping of hollow organs, and AD means = endoscopic, matching the EGD route and oesophageal target. The code is wider because it does not specify clipping as the technique nor haemorrhage control as the clinical purpose; there is no dedicated "endoscopic haemostasis of oesophagus" code in ICHI.
1251572005 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of esophageal hemorrhage by injection)maps to wider conceptKBA.DB.AD (Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus)KBA.DB.AD captures the endoscopic injection of an agent into an oesophageal lesion (DB = administration of agent, AD = endoscopic), which directly corresponds to the injection component of this procedure. It is wider because it does not specify haemorrhage control as the indication, and "lesion" is broader than a bleeding site.
235183004 (Esophagomyotomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.FA.AA (Incision of oesophagus)KBA.FA.AA uses the FA (incision) action on the oesophagus (KBA target), and myotomy is an incision specifically of the muscular layer; this is the best available ICHI code for the Heller myotomy procedure, but it is wider because it does not distinguish a muscle-layer incision from a full-thickness oesophageal incision and does not specify the achalasia indication.
119879002 (Esophagus closure)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)ICHI has no dedicated "closure of oesophagus" code; the closest available code is "Repair of oesophagus" (KBA.MK.AA), which is broader and subsumes closure/suture procedures among other repair types. The SNOMED concept is more specific (closure only), so the ICHI code is wider.
713549003 (Etanercept therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Etanercept (an anti-TNF biologic) is given by subcutaneous injection, which falls under percutaneous administration; ICHI classifies it as an immunological agent. However, the ICHI code covers all percutaneous immunological agent administrations, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to etanercept.
182676002 (Eutrophic muscle stimulation)maps to wider conceptMU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Eutrophic (trophic) muscle stimulation is a specific form of electrical muscle stimulation used in physiotherapy to maintain or restore muscle bulk; MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly but is not restricted to the trophic/maintenance application, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
446104000 (Evacuation of blood clot of scalp)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of any content (not specifically blood clot) from the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region, which encompasses the scalp anatomically; the ICHI code is wider because it is not specific to blood clot evacuation and covers the broader head/neck skin region rather than the scalp alone.
446503002 (Evacuation of blood clot of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI combines skin and subcutaneous tissue into a single target axis and subdivides drainage codes only by body region, not by substance drained; no code specifies blood clot drainage of skin. LZZ.JB.AA is the site-unspecified residual code for the integumentary layer and is broader on both dimensions.
445762002 (Evacuation of blood clot of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no separate target for subcutaneous tissue alone — it is always paired with skin — and the drainage codes do not differentiate by substance drained (blood clot vs. abscess vs. seroma). The ICHI code therefore covers a broader anatomical territory and a broader range of drained content than the SNOMED concept.
716677007 (Evacuation of blood from pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AA captures drainage of the pleural cavity (i.e., the correct anatomical site and the drainage action), which is exactly what evacuation of a hemothorax involves; however, the ICHI code does not restrict the content drained to blood, so it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
87421006 (Evacuation of cyst of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)ICHI has no liver-cyst-specific drainage code; KCA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of liver) is the closest in both anatomical target and procedural action, as percutaneous aspiration is the standard technique for hepatic cyst evacuation. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any liver collection (abscess, haematoma, bile, cyst) and presupposes a percutaneous approach not explicitly stated in the SNOMED concept.
447074006 (Evacuation of hematoma of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's integumentary drainage codes do not separate skin from subcutaneous tissue, and all body-region-specific codes (head/neck, trunk, limbs) are more granular than the unspecified-site SNOMED concept; the NEC code LZZ.JB.AA covers the correct tissue but is broader as it includes subcutaneous tissue alongside skin.
447116002 (Evacuation of hematoma of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)As with the skin hematoma concept, ICHI does not separate subcutaneous tissue from skin in its drainage codes; LZZ.JB.AA is the site-unspecified NEC drainage code for the integumentary layer and is broader than the SNOMED concept since it includes both skin and subcutaneous tissue.
230812000 (Evacuation of intracranial extradural abscess)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)The extradural (epidural) space between the skull and dura mater is anatomically part of the intracranial space, so AAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space) captures the correct anatomical target and action; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the extradural location or the infectious nature of the collection (abscess vs hematoma vs effusion).
171722000 (Evacuation of intracranial subdural abscess)maps to wider conceptAAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space)AAG.JB.AA covers drainage of the intracranial space broadly, which encompasses the subdural compartment, but the ICHI code does not specify the subdural location or the nature of the collection (abscess/empyema). No more specific ICHI code for subdural empyema drainage exists in the classification.
53670009 (Evacuation of kidney cyst)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)Percutaneous drainage of kidney is the closest available ICHI code — cyst drainage of the kidney is virtually always performed percutaneously, and the ICHI code captures the target (kidney) and the action (drainage/aspiration), but does not specify that the collection is a cyst rather than another fluid accumulation.
53829005 (Evacuation of pelvic blood clot by culdocentesis)maps to wider conceptNMH.JB.AE (Culdocentesis)ICHI fully names the procedure (culdocentesis — aspiration through the posterior vaginal fornix into the pouch of Douglas), making it an excellent procedural match; however, the ICHI code does not restrict the indication to blood clot evacuation specifically and would cover any culdocentesis (diagnostic or therapeutic), so it is slightly broader.
238349004 (Evacuation of pleural coagulum)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AA is the most relevant ICHI code for removing contents from the pleural cavity, but it does not specify that the material is a coagulum (clotted hemothorax) rather than fluid; no more specific ICHI code for pleural coagulum/clotted hemothorax exists, making this the best available match.
442501002 (Evacuation of seroma from soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JB.AA captures drainage of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which aligns with the target and action of seroma evacuation, but the ICHI code does not specify the nature of the fluid collection (seroma) or its anatomical site. No site-specific or seroma-specific ICHI drainage code exists, so this residual "unspecified site" code is the best available option.
230989001 (Evacuation of spinal extradural abscess)maps to wider conceptABG.JB.AE (Drainage of spinal canal)ICHI's "Drainage of spinal canal" covers the extradural/epidural compartment within the spinal canal but does not distinguish the specific pathology (abscess vs other collection), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both compartment (extradural) and pathology (abscess).
230988009 (Evacuation of spinal extradural hematoma)maps to wider conceptABG.JB.AE (Drainage of spinal canal)ABG.JB.AE captures drainage within the spinal canal but does not differentiate hematoma from other space-occupying lesions, nor does it specify the extradural sub-compartment, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
230994001 (Evacuation of spinal intradural extramedullary abscess)maps to wider conceptABC.JB.AA (Drainage of spinal meninges)The intradural extramedullary space lies within the dural sac but outside the spinal cord, anatomically associated with the spinal meninges, making ABC.JB.AA the better anatomical fit; it remains wider because it does not specify the abscess pathology or the extramedullary location.
287622005 (Evacuation of urinary bladder contents)maps to wider conceptNAI.JB.AA (Drainage of bladder)NAI.JB.AA covers drainage of the bladder, encompassing emptying bladder contents; broader because it does not specify intent (e.g., urine, clots) and does not specify the transurethral route implied by the SNOMED concept.
275166002 (Evacuation of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AA (Drainage of uterus and surrounding structures)NME.JB.AA is the parent drainage code for the uterus block and best represents the broad SNOMED concept of uterine evacuation without specifying technique (suction, D&C, etc.); wider because it also encompasses surrounding structures.
225303001 (Evaluating interventions)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Evaluating interventions" is a high-level SNOMED concept with no direct ICHI counterpart; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available whole-person assessment code, but refers to assessing health state rather than evaluating interventions as a class, making it wider and only approximately aligned.
225953001 (Evaluating response to treatment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Evaluating a patient's response to treatment involves appraising health status in the context of ongoing therapy; ICHI has no dedicated "response to treatment" code. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest whole-person assessment code, broader because it does not specifically capture the treatment-response context.
370793007 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of chemical injury)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)The SNOMED concept describes a focused clinical evaluation for signs/symptoms of chemical exposure; ICHI has no chemical-injury-specific code. PZA.AE.AH is the closest procedural match but is broader because it is not scoped to chemical injury.
370794001 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of electrical injury)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)This concept describes a targeted evaluation for consequences of electrical injury; ICHI contains no specific code. PZA.AE.AH is the best procedural match available, considerably broader, lacking specificity for the electrical injury context.
370797008 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of laser injury)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)This concept captures focused evaluation for signs/symptoms caused by laser exposure; ICHI does not encode injury-specific evaluation procedures at this granularity. PZA.AE.AH is the closest structural match, wider as it applies to any whole-body physical examination regardless of clinical reason.
409060008 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of physical health problems)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)The SNOMED concept covers evaluation for signs/symptoms of physical health problems across the whole body, aligning with a full physical examination; the ICHI code is wider since it covers physical examination regardless of indication.
439952009 (Evaluation of auditory rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptCTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions)CTB.AA.ZZ captures assessment of hearing functions, the primary clinical domain of auditory rehabilitation evaluation, but is broader because it covers any hearing function assessment and does not specifically denote evaluation of a rehabilitation programme's progress or outcome.
62485001 (Evaluation of cardiac catheterization data and report)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of entire heart, heart or great vessel, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.AA.ZZ is the broadest cardiac assessment residual code and subsumes the activity of reviewing cardiac catheterisation data, but is wider because it applies to any non-specific heart/great-vessel assessment rather than being specific to interpretation of catheterisation findings.
370851004 (Evaluation of diagnostic study results)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the most generic whole-person assessment code in ICHI and is the closest residual category for reviewing diagnostic results in a non-system-specific way, but is wider because it encompasses all forms of general health assessment rather than being limited to evaluation of diagnostic study results.
1303094005 (Evaluation of eligibility for adult day care program)maps to wider conceptSXB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in community life)Adult day care is a community-based participation programme; SXB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engagement in community life, the closest ICHI match. Wider because it applies to any community life engagement assessment, not specifically eligibility determination for a day care programme.
1300112008 (Evaluation of eligibility for basic skills training program)maps to wider conceptST2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in education, not elsewhere classified)Basic skills training is an educational activity; ST2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engaging in education (NEC). Wider because it applies to any education-engagement assessment and does not specifically denote an eligibility determination process.
370792002 (Evaluation of environment for home care)maps to wider conceptUAL.AA.ZZ (Assessment of aspects of buildings for private use)UAL.AA.ZZ covers assessment of aspects of private-use buildings (i.e., the home environment), capturing the physical/environmental dimension of a home-care evaluation; broader because it does not restrict the purpose to suitability for delivering care.
32207000 (Evaluation of facial expression)maps to wider conceptAUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)Facial expression evaluation is clinically used to assess emotional and affective functioning; AUD.AA.ZZ is the most semantically proximate ICHI code. Wider because it covers all emotional functions and is not specific to facial expression as the means or target.
19131007 (Evaluation of manner and relationship to people and things)maps to wider conceptSR1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of interpersonal interactions and relationships, capturing the relational component, but ICHI has no code that also encompasses "manner" and "relationship to things"; the ICHI code is broader as it addresses only the interpersonal/relational aspect.
445194001 (Evaluation of need for motorized wheelchair)maps to wider conceptUAE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of products/technology for personal mobility and transportation, which subsumes motorized wheelchairs; ICHI has no code specific to motorized wheelchair needs assessment. Broader than the SNOMED concept's narrow focus on one specific powered mobility device.
440369006 (Evaluation of oral stage deglutition and pharyngeal stage deglutition)maps to wider conceptKTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of swallowing)KTC.AA.ZZ represents general swallowing assessment, encompassing both the oral and pharyngeal stages described in the SNOMED concept. Broader because it does not specify which phases of swallowing are assessed; SNOMED is technique-agnostic.
370803007 (Evaluation of psychosocial impact on plan of care)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, encompassing the psychosocial dimension; SNOMED is more specific (evaluating impact in the context of care planning), whereas the ICHI code does not encode the care-planning purpose, making it broader.
709765000 (Evaluation of psychosocial response to instruction)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)The SNOMED concept captures assessment of how a patient psychosocially responds to instruction (e.g., health education), while ATF.AA.ZZ is a general assessment of global psychosocial functions with no specification of context or trigger.
250260004 (Evaluation of rate of hemolysis)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Hemolysis is a specific haematological process and its rate is evaluated via laboratory testing of haematological function. DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is substantially broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than hemolysis specifically.
370811002 (Evaluation of response to thermoregulation measures)maps to wider conceptETG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thermoregulatory function)ETG.AA.ZZ represents assessment of thermoregulatory function, aligning with evaluating how a patient responds to thermoregulation interventions. Broader as it does not encode the context of responding to a specific therapeutic measure.
427478009 (Evaluation of retina)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BCC (Interventions on retina)ICHI has no assignable "assessment of retina" category code — specific codes under BlockL5-BCC are all modality-specific imaging/therapeutic procedures. The block itself covers all interventions on the retina and is the best available match, though broader than a general evaluation/assessment concept.
1237049003 (Evaluation of risk factors for periodontal disease)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI contains no code specific to periodontal risk factor evaluation; the gum block holds only therapeutic procedures. KAE.AE.AC is the closest broader clinical match, as periodontal risk assessment is typically conducted within a dental examination.
250501001 (Evaluation of semen fertility)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)ICHI has no specific code for semen analysis or spermatozoal assessment; NUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fertility functions broadly, the most semantically appropriate match, though it encompasses female fertility assessment as well and does not specify the semen/sperm substrate.
1149129000 (Evaluation of sleep pattern using actigraphy)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)ICHI has no code specific to actigraphy as a technique; ATK.AC.ZZ is the best fit as actigraphy is an objective test used to evaluate sleep-wake patterns, but the ICHI code is broader covering any test of sleep function regardless of instrument.
252624005 (Evoked oto-acoustic emission measurement)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)Evoked otoacoustic emission measurement is a specific objective test of cochlear (outer hair cell) function. CTB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, covering all hearing function tests rather than OAE specifically.
713585003 (Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell allograft to ocular surface)maps to wider conceptBBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)ICHI has no code for limbal epithelial cell transplantation; the closest available code is BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant), which is broader — it covers transplantation to the anterior eye segment but does not distinguish cell-based ex vivo cultured limbal grafts or the allograft (donor-derived) nature of the procedure.
713667001 (Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell autograft to ocular surface)maps to wider conceptBBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)As with the allograft equivalent, ICHI has no code specific to ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell procedures; BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant) is the closest available code but does not capture the autograft (patient's own cells) nature nor the ex vivo cell culture technique.
243793001 (Examination for accident)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for a medicolegal or accident-purpose examination; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any whole-person health assessment regardless of the forensic or medico-legal purpose that characterises examination for accident.
171398007 (Examination for suspected mental disorder)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers unspecified assessment of mental functions, which captures the domain of a mental disorder examination, but is broader because it does not carry the specific clinical context of evaluating a suspected (i.e., not yet confirmed) psychiatric diagnosis.
284367004 (Examination of body function)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a single code for generic assessment of body function as a whole; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the broadest whole-person assessment code available, but it encompasses more than pure functional examination and does not specifically denote a functional evaluation in the ICF/body-function sense.
284428009 (Examination of cervical lymph nodes)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFB (Interventions on lymph node of neck)ICHI has no dedicated clinical examination or assessment code for cervical lymph nodes — the DFB block covers all interventions on lymph nodes of the neck (biopsy, imaging, excision, drainage), none of which represent a standalone physical examination. The block is assigned as the closest structural match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
284405008 (Examination of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.AA.AH (Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI provides MBZ.AA.AH for assessment of the spine generically, but no cervical-spine-specific assessment code exists in the cervical vertebral column block, which contains only procedural/imaging codes. MBZ.AA.AH is the best available match but is broader because it covers the entire spine, not just the cervical region.
177072002 (Examination of female genital tract under anesthetic and papanicolau smear)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)NMF.AH.XH specifically captures the Pap smear component of this procedure, but the SNOMED concept additionally includes examination of the female genital tract under anesthetic — a broader scope that NMF.AH.XH does not cover. The ICHI code therefore fails to capture the full SNOMED concept.
274788003 (Examination of gingivae)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no specific examination code for the gingivae (gums); KAE.AE.AC for dental examination is the closest match as it covers examination of oral/dental structures in the same anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to the gingivae.
284426008 (Examination of hernial orifices)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for examining hernial orifices or the abdominal wall orifice sites; the abdominal wall blocks contain only treatment codes (repair, reduction) with no examination counterpart. PZX.AE.AH is the best available fallback, covering physical examination of any body site not specifically classified, and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies hernial orifices as the examination target.
274792005 (Examination of lips)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated lip examination code; the lip block contains only procedural intervention codes (biopsy, excision, repair, reconstruction) with no examination counterpart. KAZ.AE.AC covers oral examination not elsewhere classified and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically targets the lips rather than the oral cavity in general.
274791003 (Examination of lower limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a generic "examination of lower limb" code; lower limb blocks contain only targeted interventional and imaging codes, and there is no limb-level physical examination code. PZX.AE.AH is the best available option as the NEC physical examination of any body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific lower-limb scope.
284407000 (Examination of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.AA.AH (Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated lumbar spine examination/assessment code; MBZ.AA.AH covers the whole vertebral column without specifying the lumbar region. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the lumbar segment.
284427004 (Examination of lymph nodes)maps to wider conceptDFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for examination of lymph nodes; DFZ.AA.ZZ is the closest match under the lymphatic system but covers the entire lymphatic structure rather than lymph nodes specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
284420002 (Examination of nail)maps to wider conceptLU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of hair and nail, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated examination-of-nail code under the structural interventions blocks; the closest available code is a functional assessment of hair and nail together under skin appendage functions, which is broader than a focused examination of the nail structure alone.
307536006 (Examination of periodontium)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated periodontium examination code; the closest assignable code is the NEC oral cavity examination (KAZ.AE.AC), which covers the broader oral cavity rather than the periodontium specifically. The SNOMED concept is narrower (periodontium only) than the ICHI code's scope.
274799001 (Examination of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated examination or assessment code under the salivary gland block, which contains only procedural interventions (biopsy, drainage, excision, imaging). The best available code is the NEC oral cavity examination, which is broader than the salivary-gland-specific scope of the SNOMED concept.
271303006 (Examination of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AA.ZZ represents assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without anatomical site specification, closely matching the SNOMED concept of examining the skin; the slight broadening comes from the inclusion of subcutaneous tissue in the ICHI code title.
284369001 (Examination of submandibular gland)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated examination code for the submandibular gland; the salivary gland block contains only interventional procedures (biopsy, imaging, drainage, excision). The NEC oral cavity examination is the best available code, but is substantially broader than the submandibular-gland-specific scope of this SNOMED concept.
284406009 (Examination of thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated assessment code for the thoracic spine — the MBG block contains only imaging and surgical interventions, not clinical examination. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any body site rather than specifically the thoracic spine.
274801003 (Examination of thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for the thyroid gland; the EBA block covers only surgical/imaging interventions on the gland itself. ETK.AA.ZZ (assessment of endocrine gland functions) is the closest functional assessment code but is broader, encompassing all endocrine glands rather than the thyroid specifically.
284372008 (Examination of upper limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no dedicated clinical examination code for the upper limb — the PMA block covers only surgical procedures. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the best available match but is broader, applying to any unspecified body site.
281011001 (Examination of urinary system)maps to wider conceptNT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for the urinary system as a whole; NT2.AA.ZZ represents assessment of urinary functions and is the closest match, though it focuses on functional assessment rather than anatomical/clinical examination of the urinary system organs.
1354497007 (Excimer laser trabeculostomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has no code for trabeculostomy or excimer laser procedures on the trabecular meshwork; BBE.LI.AA (facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye) is the best structural match as trabeculostomy restores aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber, though the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the laser technique or left-eye laterality.
1354498002 (Excimer laser trabeculostomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculostomy (creating an opening in the trabecular meshwork to facilitate aqueous drainage and reduce intraocular pressure) corresponds most closely to "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye," as there is no ICHI code that specifically names trabeculostomy or laser trabecular procedures. ICHI does not capture the excimer laser means or the right-eye laterality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1231494009 (Excision arthroplasty of hip joint with insertion of cement spacer)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of hip joint)Excision arthroplasty of the hip (resection arthroplasty / Girdlestone procedure) involves partial removal of joint components, which maps to "Partial excision of hip joint." ICHI does not have a code that additionally captures the insertion of a cement spacer, making this code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
1209181003 (Excision arthroplasty of knee with insertion of cement spacer)maps to wider conceptMMJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of knee joint)Excision arthroplasty of the knee (resection of joint surfaces as a staged procedure) maps to "Partial excision of knee joint," the closest available ICHI code. The cement spacer insertion component is not captured in ICHI, so the mapping is wider than the full SNOMED concept.
118960006 (Excision from urinary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)"Excision from urinary tract" is a high-level grouping concept encompassing excision procedures across kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. No single ICHI assignable category covers excision across the entire urinary tract; the block "Interventions on urinary system" is the broadest ICHI container that subsumes all such procedures.
450669005 (Excision of adnexa of uterus)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)Uterine adnexa comprise both ovary and fallopian tube; excision of adnexa therefore spans two separate ICHI organ-specific blocks (NMA for ovary, NMC for fallopian tube). No single ICHI assignable code represents combined adnexal excision (salpingo-oophorectomy), so the closest encompassing structure is the parent female genital system block, which is broader than this specific bilateral procedure.
786848000 (Excision of aortic lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFF.JK.AA (Total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph node)ICHI has no dedicated para-aortic lymph node code; the most anatomically appropriate is total excision of abdominal/pelvic lymph node. ICHI is broader as it covers all abdominal/pelvic nodes.
27011002 (Excision of benign lesion of face and ears)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JI.AA covers the integumentary system of the entire head/neck region, encompassing face and ears; ICHI has no single code targeting face and external ear together.
15349006 (Excision of benign lesion of scalp and neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JI.AA spans all skin and subcutaneous tissue of head/neck, fully encompassing scalp and neck; ICHI has no separate codes for scalp or neck specifically.
85563009 (Excision of benign lesion of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.JI.AA directly targets trunk integument with local excision, matching site and procedure precisely; ICHI does not qualify the lesion as benign.
447862008 (Excision of benign neoplasm of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)MAG.JI.AA matches both target (mandible) and action (local excision) with high fidelity; ICHI uses generic "lesion" without specifying benign neoplasm, marginally broader pathologically.
442836006 (Excision of benign neoplasm of phalanx of finger with autograft)maps to wider conceptMGB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JI.AA captures local excision of a hand/finger bone lesion, matching the surgical act and anatomical target. The benign-neoplasm qualifier and the autograft component are not encoded; the autograft would need an ICHI extension or separate code.
125862001 (Excision of benign tumor of scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region)MDB.JI.AA covers local excision of a shoulder region bone lesion (which includes the scapula); broader because scapula is not distinguished from other shoulder-region bones, and the benign-tumor qualifier is not captured.
172021003 (Excision of bilateral adrenal glands with transposition of adrenal tissue)maps to wider conceptEBC.JK.AA (Adrenalectomy)EBC.JK.AA represents total excision of adrenal gland and is the closest available code; bilaterality requires a laterality extension and the autotransposition component (EBC.KD.AA) is a separate procedure not combined here.
39126001 (Excision of blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.JJ.AA is the best available match in ICHI's NEC block for unspecified blood vessels; broader because ICHI specifies partial whereas SNOMED is silent on extent, and the NEC qualifier means a more specific vessel code could apply.
239329001 (Excision of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of unspecified site)MRB.JJ.AA sits in the musculoskeletal NEC block for bone at unspecified site, aligning with the generic "excision of bone" concept; broader because ICHI specifies "partial" whereas SNOMED is silent on extent.
56195000 (Excision of bone from facial bones)maps to wider conceptMAB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)MAB.JJ.AA covers partial excision of an unspecified facial bone, the closest structural match; broader because it encompasses all facial bones without specifying which one.
807005 (Excision of brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of brain)ICHI only has a "partial excision of brain" category (and percutaneous variant); there is no total excision of brain code, so AAA.JJ.AA is the closest available match, but explicitly partial.
6818001 (Excision of buccal mucosa)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JJ.AC (Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for buccal mucosa; KAZ.JJ.AC covers partial excision of the oral cavity NEC, anatomically inclusive of the buccal mucosa but broader because it encompasses the entire oral cavity.
234261001 (Excision of cervical lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFB.JK.AA (Total excision of cervical lymph node)The SNOMED concept does not specify partial vs total; DFB.JK.AA covers total excision specifically. Absent a non-extent-specified generic code in ICHI, DFB.JK.AA is the closest single assignable code.
122867002 (Excision of cervical rib)maps to wider conceptMCB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of rib)ICHI has no code specific to cervical rib; MCB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of any rib and is scoped to the thoracic cage bone block, broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the cervical (supernumerary) rib.
81398000 (Excision of chemodectoma of pineal gland)maps to wider conceptEAB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pineal gland)ICHI captures local excision of a pineal gland lesion but does not specify the histological type (chemodectoma/paraganglioma); no more specific pineal lesion excision code exists.
336863008 (Excision of cyst of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lung)ICHI code covers local excision of any lung parenchymal lesion via open approach, encompassing a pulmonary cyst but broader because it does not specify the lesion type as a cyst.
387741004 (Excision of cyst of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ovary)ICHI captures local excision of an ovarian lesion (preserving the ovary, consistent with cystectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the lesion type as a cyst; no ovarian cyst-specific excision code exists.
447984009 (Excision of cyst of vallecula of epiglottis using laser)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)ICHI code covers local excision of a larynx lesion via endoscopy, capturing the anatomical region (larynx/epiglottis) and excision action; broader because it does not specify the vallecula nor the laser means.
265011000 (Excision of cystic hygroma)maps to wider conceptDFO.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel)A cystic hygroma is a congenital lymphatic vessel malformation; ICHI maps to local excision of a lymphatic vessel lesion. Broader because it does not specify the cystic/lymphangiomatous nature or typical cervical/axillary location.
176928008 (Excision of ectopic ovarian pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA directly represents removal of an ectopic pregnancy and is the best available match. Slightly broader because it does not specify ovarian (vs tubal or other) implantation site.
13175001 (Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)No single ICHI category code exists for excision/reduction of excessive skin/subcutaneous tissue at unspecified site; the block BlockL4-LAA is the best available representation across all body regions.
447650007 (Excision of exostosis of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)An exostosis is a benign bony outgrowth (a lesion of the mandible); MAG.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the mandible, broader than the specific exostosis lesion type.
449095008 (Excision of exostosis of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of maxilla)Exostosis of maxilla is a specific bony lesion; MAF.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the maxilla, broader than the SNOMED concept's specific lesion type.
1179136006 (Excision of exostosis of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tibia or fibula)An exostosis is a bony outgrowth of the tibia; the ICHI code covers tibia or fibula and any generic bone lesion, broader than the specific exostosis-of-tibia concept.
50586005 (Excision of extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons)The closest available ICHI code covers partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons; broader because it includes tendons and is partial only. ICHI has no code for total excision of an extraocular muscle.
445912000 (Excision of fallopian tube and surgical removal of ectopic pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMC.JK.AA (Total salpingectomy)The dominant procedure is total salpingectomy, which inherently removes the contained ectopic pregnancy; broader because ICHI does not specify the concurrent ectopic pregnancy removal (NMR.JF.AA could be added as extension).
112718009 (Excision of first AND cervical rib)maps to wider conceptMCB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of rib)MCB.JK.AA represents total removal of a rib without specifying which; broader because the SNOMED concept specifies both the first and cervical rib as targets, and removal of two ribs simultaneously is not individually distinguished.
443965005 (Excision of foreign body of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from skin/subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site; the ICHI code also encompasses internal device removal and is not specific to subcutaneous tissue alone (includes skin).
178099003 (Excision of ganglion cyst of ankle)maps to wider conceptMRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)ICHI has no site-specific code for tendon sheath excision at the ankle; MRT.JI.AA captures the correct procedure type but specifies no anatomical site.
178098006 (Excision of ganglion cyst of foot)maps to wider conceptMRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)No foot-specific tendon sheath excision code exists in ICHI; MRT.JI.AA matches the procedure but is broader due to the unspecified body site.
302459006 (Excision of ganglion cyst of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger)ICHI is site-specific to hand or finger, covering the SNOMED hand concept, but the ICHI target also includes finger — making it marginally broader.
178097001 (Excision of ganglion cyst of knee)maps to wider conceptMRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)ICHI contains no knee-specific tendon sheath excision code; MRT.JI.AA is the nearest match by procedure type but carries no site specification.
178095009 (Excision of ganglion cyst of wrist)maps to wider conceptMFL.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia of wrist)A ganglion cyst of the wrist arises from joint capsule or tendon sheath (ligament/fascia); MFL.JI.AA covers the site, but encompasses any wrist ligament/fascia lesion, not specifically a ganglion cyst.
33158004 (Excision of gastrocolic ligament)maps to wider conceptKMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue)The gastrocolic ligament is a peritoneal fold of the greater omentum; KMA.JJ.AA covers any peritoneal tissue excision rather than the gastrocolic ligament specifically.
238365003 (Excision of glomus vagale)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)Glomus vagale is a paraganglioma of the vagus nerve; ICHI has no specific paraganglion/glomus tumor excision code, so this peripheral nerve excision code is the closest anatomical match.
87123001 (Excision of heart valve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)No specific ICHI category code exists for valvectomy — valve-specific codes under HDE cover replacement, repair, reconstruction, dilatation, and implantation but not standalone excision; the block code is the best available fit.
713168005 (Excision of hemangioma of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of skull)MAA.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the skull, matching the surgical target and operative action; wider because it does not specify the hemangioma (vascular tumor) subtype.
196283002 (Excision of heterotopic bone from muscle)maps to wider conceptMRB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site)Heterotopic bone in muscle is a focal bony lesion; ICHI does not distinguish heterotopic from orthotopic bone nor does it specify the muscle context.
236279004 (Excision of hooded prepuce)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)ICHI has no specific code for circumcision or prepuce/foreskin excision; partial excision of penis is broader because it does not specify the prepuce as the target tissue.
32804000 (Excision of hydrocele of spermatic cord)maps to wider conceptNGD.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord)A hydrocele of the spermatic cord is a cystic lesion of that structure; ICHI does not have a dedicated hydrocelectomy code, making this a broader match.
442189005 (Excision of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis)maps to wider conceptNGL.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of testis)ICHI classifies the tunica vaginalis under the testis block (NGL) and provides no separate tunica vaginalis excision code; broader and does not name the tunica vaginalis specifically.
405712005 (Excision of hyperplastic oral soft tissue)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers hyperplastic soft tissue anywhere in the oral cavity (lip, tongue, mucosa, gum); the site-nonspecific oral cavity NEC code is the best fit.
87055003 (Excision of intracardiac tumor with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of heart, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JI.AA captures local excision of a cardiac lesion (which includes tumors) but does not specify cardiopulmonary bypass as the operative approach; the bypass component would need a separate code.
440116000 (Excision of ischial pressure injury with ostectomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.JJ.AA (Other partial ostectomy of pelvis)The SNOMED concept combines pressure ulcer excision with ischial ostectomy; MKB.JJ.AA captures the bony component but does not encode the overlying soft-tissue/ulcer excision component.
46478009 (Excision of ischial pressure injury with primary suture)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.MK.AA captures the repair/closure component but is anatomically broader (trunk rather than ischial region) and does not encode the excision step explicitly.
62923002 (Excision of ischial pressure injury with skin flap reconstruction)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The SNOMED concept combines excision with skin flap reconstruction; LAB.MK.AA captures the dominant reconstructive intent but omits the excision component and the ischial site specificity.
226083002 (Excision of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no single "total excision of joint" at an unspecified site; MRJ.JJ.AA is the closest available code but specifies only partial excision whereas the SNOMED term does not qualify the extent.
2547000 (Excision of keloid)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for keloid excision; LZZ.JI.AA covers any local skin lesion excision at any site rather than being specific to keloid tissue.
445919009 (Excision of lacrimal drainage structure)maps to wider conceptBAD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lacrimal apparatus)The lacrimal drainage structures (puncta, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct) are components of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the entire apparatus rather than being specific to the drainage structures.
429377005 (Excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)Laminectomy is a partial removal of a lumbar vertebra; MBM.JJ.AA encompasses removal of any part of the vertebra, not exclusively the lamina.
427752004 (Excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra for decompression of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)Laminectomy is a form of partial lumbar vertebrectomy; the ICHI code captures the partial bony excision but does not specify the lamina as the target nor the decompression intent.
233027000 (Excision of left atrial vegetations)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no left-atrium-specific vegetation removal code; HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations anywhere in the heart (NEC), broader than the left-atrial-specific SNOMED concept.
233080001 (Excision of left ventricular vegetations)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)No left-ventricle-specific vegetation extraction code exists in ICHI; HZZ.JE.AA is the only vegetation-specific ICHI code and covers all cardiac chambers (NEC).
54029002 (Excision of lesion from floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a code specific to the floor of the mouth; the most granular available code covers local excision of a lesion anywhere within the oral cavity (NEC).
23881007 (Excision of lesion from joint of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to a spinal facet/zygapophyseal joint; MBZ.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the spine (unspecified site, NEC).
60639000 (Excision of lesion from soft tissue of face)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI covers skin/subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck, while the SNOMED concept is limited to the face; no dedicated ICHI code for soft tissue of the face alone.
180047007 (Excision of lesion of amputation stump)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for the amputation stump as an anatomical target; the closest code captures the action and tissue type but does not specify the site as a stump.
234902004 (Excision of lesion of cheek)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated "cheek" intervention code; LAA.JI.AA covers local excision across the entire head and neck region. The buccal mucosal aspect of the cheek is not captured.
2199005 (Excision of lesion of cul-de-sac)maps to wider conceptKMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue)"Cul-de-sac" refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific pouch, so KMA.JI.AA is the closest match.
425469002 (Excision of lesion of extradural spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)ICHI does not have a dedicated extradural/epidural space intervention code; ABG.JI.AA covers the spinal canal as a whole, broader than the specifically extradural site.
36436000 (Excision of lesion of eyebrow)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow code; the eyebrow is anatomically part of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head/neck.
874905003 (Excision of lesion of glans penis with resurfacing using full thickness skin graft)maps to wider conceptNGM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of penis)NGM.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the penis but does not specify the sub-site (glans) or the subsequent resurfacing with a full thickness skin graft.
426927003 (Excision of lesion of infratemporal fossa)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI code exists for the infratemporal fossa specifically; MRS.JI.AA captures the action (local excision of lesion) applied to soft tissue but lacks any site specificity.
78681008 (Excision of lesion of inguinal region)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The inguinal region is anatomically part of the lower trunk, making LAB.JI.AA the closest site-based match; broader as it covers the entire trunk surface.
446062001 (Excision of lesion of meninges)maps to wider conceptAAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges)The SNOMED concept refers to meninges generically (cerebral or spinal), while ICHI splits this into cerebral (AAC) and spinal (ABC); the SNOMED concept is broader.
85357001 (Excision of lesion of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion within the oral cavity (NEC residual), broadly matching the SNOMED concept of generic mouth lesion excision.
173380000 (Excision of lesion of palate)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has separate codes for soft (KAS) and hard (KAT) palate but no single code covering palate generically; KAZ.JI.AA is the best available broad mapping.
72580005 (Excision of lesion of phalanges of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JI.AA covers all bones of the hand or finger (including metacarpals), broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to phalanges.
54156003 (Excision of lesion of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI has no single unspecified-site code for subcutaneous tissue lesion excision; all assignable codes are body-region specific. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept.
72782000 (Excision of lesion of sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptAZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of nerve, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for excision of a lesion of a sympathetic nerve; AZZ.JI.AA is the closest available code but covers any unclassified nerve.
708852007 (Excision of lesion of tonsil and adenoid)maps to wider conceptDAA.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of tonsil)The SNOMED concept covers both tonsil and adenoid combined; ICHI separates these (DAA tonsil, DAB adenoid). DAA.JI.AC alone is narrower than the combined SNOMED concept.
129245008 (Excision of lesion of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.JJ.AA (Partial ureterectomy)ICHI has no "local excision of lesion of ureter" category; partial ureterectomy is the closest available excision concept but implies removal of a ureteral segment rather than just a lesion.
81503001 (Excision of lesion of uvula with simple primary closure)maps to wider conceptKAS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion or tissue of soft palate)The uvula is the pendant tip of the soft palate; KAS.JI.AA covers the entire soft palate and does not capture the "simple primary closure" component.
232564007 (Excision of lesion of vocal ligament and Reinke's space)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)The vocal ligament and Reinke's space are structures within the larynx; JAN.JI.AC covers the entire larynx rather than specifically these substructures.
450668002 (Excision of lipoma of subcutaneous tissue of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JI.AA covers local excision of skin/subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, encompassing a subcutaneous lipoma of the head; broader as it does not specify lipoma and includes the neck.
58347006 (Excision of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.JK.AA (Total excision of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.JK.AA represents total excision of a lymph node at an unspecified/other site, the residual catch-all best matching the general SNOMED grouper.
234302008 (Excision of lymphatic vesicles)maps to wider conceptDFO.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel)Lymphatic vesicles are small outpouchings of lymphatic vessels; DFO.JI.AA covers any lesion of a lymphatic vessel, broader than vesicular lesions specifically.
265007006 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue of arm)maps to wider conceptLAE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)Excision of lymphedematous tissue of the arm is a debulking procedure on upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lymphedematous nature.
302469000 (Excision of lymphedematous tissue of leg)maps to wider conceptLAG.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)Excision of lymphedematous tissue of the leg is a debulking procedure on lower limb skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lymphedematous aetiology.
234310009 (Excision of lymphocyst)maps to wider conceptDFZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)A lymphocyst is a cystic collection of lymphatic fluid from disrupted lymphatic vessels; DFZ.JJ.AA covers any lymphatic structure excision NEC, broader than lymphocyst specifically.
35968005 (Excision of malignant lesion of face and ear)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The ICHI code covers the full head-or-neck skin/subcutaneous region and does not encode the malignant nature of the lesion, broader on both anatomical scope and pathological specificity.
85095002 (Excision of malignant lesion of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The ICHI code covers all skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk without specifying malignancy, broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to malignant lesions.
68327001 (Excision of middle ear structure)maps to wider conceptCBA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)CBA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the middle ear as a whole without specifying which internal structure (ossicles, mucosa, soft tissue) is removed, broader than the SNOMED reference to a specific middle-ear structure. CBA.JI.AC (local excision of lesion) is lesion-focused rather than structure-focused.
446746001 (Excision of mucosa of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of duodenum)ICHI has no mucosa-specific excision code for the duodenum; KBI.JI.AA captures the closest action and site but encompasses any localised duodenal lesion rather than the mucosal layer specifically. KBI.JJ.AA implies a larger structural resection that overshoots the concept.
446650001 (Excision of mucosa of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of stomach)ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of gastric mucosa; KBF.JI.AA captures local excision at the correct anatomical site but applies to any local gastric lesion rather than specifically mucosal tissue. KBF.JJ.AA (partial gastrectomy) implies a larger full-thickness resection.
438564001 (Excision of mucosa of vestibule of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.JJ.AC (Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to the vestibule of the mouth or to oral mucosal excision; KAZ.JJ.AC captures excision at the correct anatomical domain but does not distinguish vestibular mucosa from other oral cavity structures. KAZ.JI.AA implies a lesion-targeted procedure rather than excision of a defined mucosal region.
713499001 (Excision of mucous membrane of inferior maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptJAF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus)JAF.JI.AC encompasses excision of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus but does not specify mucosa as the target tissue, and the "inferior maxillary sinus" specificity is also lost. No more specific ICHI code for maxillary sinus mucosa excision exists.
84784005 (Excision of muscle of hand)maps to wider conceptMGM.JJ.AA (Partial myectomy of hand)MGM.JJ.AA is the closest ICHI code for muscle excision in the hand but implies a partial rather than unqualified excision; the MGM block contains no "total excision of muscle of hand" code, making this the best available fit while being slightly broader.
87103002 (Excision of nasolabial cyst)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)A nasolabial (Klestadt) cyst is a soft-tissue cyst in the subcutaneous plane at the nasal ala/lip junction of the head/neck region. ICHI has no code specific to the nasolabial subsite or to cyst type, so the ICHI code is broader.
446342001 (Excision of neoplasm from spinal extradural space)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)The spinal extradural (epidural) space lies within the spinal canal; ICHI does not distinguish the extradural compartment specifically, so the code is broader. ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) is less apt since the neoplasm is outside the dura, not within the meningeal layers.
1366325008 (Excision of neoplasm of base of tongue using robotic assistance by transoral approach)maps to wider conceptKAB.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of tongue)KAB.JI.AC covers local excision of a tongue lesion via natural orifice, which aligns with the transoral approach; robotic assistance can be appended via an ICHI extension. ICHI does not specify the base-of-tongue subsite or robotic modality as a distinct code, so it is broader than the granular SNOMED concept.
447174009 (Excision of neoplasm of intradural extramedullary spine)maps to wider conceptABC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal meninges)Intradural extramedullary tumours (e.g. meningiomas, nerve sheath tumours) lie inside the dura but outside the cord, anatomically within the spinal meningeal compartment. ICHI does not distinguish the extramedullary intracompartment, making the code broader.
449449005 (Excision of nodule of larynx using laser)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)JAN.JI.AD captures the endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion, aligning well with the SNOMED concept of excising a laryngeal nodule. ICHI does not specify the laser means and the code covers any laryngeal lesion rather than specifically a nodule.
239564006 (Excision of odontoid peg)maps to wider conceptMBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cervical spine)The odontoid peg (dens of the axis/C2) is part of the cervical spine; MBA.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code covering local excision within the cervical vertebral column. The code is broader because it covers any cervical spine lesion rather than specifically the odontoid process.
450830002 (Excision of orbital fat herniation)maps to wider conceptBAM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of orbit)BAM.JI.AA covers local excision of an orbital lesion, the closest match for excision of herniated orbital fat. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the tissue type (fat/herniation) and encompasses all local orbital lesion excisions.
392032009 (Excision of osteochondroma)maps to wider conceptMRB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site)An osteochondroma is a cartilage-capped bony exostosis; MRB.JI.AA is the best available match as a local bone lesion excision at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify lesion type or anatomical location.
443909001 (Excision of part of colon with mobilization of splenic flexure)maps to wider conceptKBP.JJ.AA (Partial excision of colon)KBP.JJ.AA captures the partial colectomy component accurately, but ICHI has no code encoding the additional splenic flexure mobilization (takedown) step, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
303438008 (Excision of pectoralis minor)maps to wider conceptMRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has muscle excision codes only for head/neck and thigh, with no dedicated code for thoracic wall or pectoral muscles; MRM.JJ.AA (unspecified site) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, lacking specificity for the pectoralis minor.
16364000 (Excision of penile wart)maps to wider conceptNGM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of penis)NGM.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the penis, encompassing excision of a penile wart (condyloma acuminatum), but the code is broader as it applies to any penile lesion rather than specifically to a wart.
174333001 (Excision of perianal wart)maps to wider conceptKBX.JJ.AA (Partial excision of perianal tissue)KBX.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code covering surgical removal of perianal tissue, encompassing excision of a perianal wart (anal condyloma), but it is broader as it applies to any partial excision of perianal tissue rather than specifically targeting a wart/condyloma.
232535003 (Excision of pharyngeal pouch)maps to wider conceptKAR.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx)A pharyngeal pouch (Zenker's diverticulum) arises at the pharyngo-oesophageal junction from the posterior pharyngeal wall; ICHI does not have a code specific to diverticulum excision or to the hypopharynx sub-region. The ICHI code is wider, covering any local excisional lesion of the oral pharynx.
301758004 (Excision of pilonidal abscess)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)A pilonidal abscess is in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the sacrococcygeal region (posterior trunk). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any local excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue, not specifically pilonidal disease or the sacrococcygeal subsite.
235395005 (Excision of pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Pilonidal sinus excision targets the sacrococcygeal skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; LAB.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for this anatomical region and action. ICHI has no specific code for pilonidal sinus or sacrococcygeal region.
707748002 (Excision of pilonidal sinus and primary closure)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)This SNOMED concept adds primary closure to the pilonidal sinus excision, but ICHI has no distinct code combining excision with primary closure at this site; LAB.JI.AA covers the excision component and is the best available fit.
448035001 (Excision of polyp of larynx using laser)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)JAN.JI.AD captures endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion (fitting polyp excision via microlaryngoscopy), but does not specify the laser means — ICHI has no dedicated laser-excision code for larynx, so the means detail is lost.
84673007 (Excision of preauricular lesion of ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of auricle of ear)CAC.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the auricle of the ear; the preauricular area is immediately anterior to the auricle and surgically treated as part of the same anatomical region. The SNOMED concept is slightly more specific in naming the preauricular site.
1240427000 (Excision of pressure injury of lower limb with local flap reconstruction using skin flap)maps to wider conceptLAG.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)LAG.JI.AA captures the excision component on the lower limb, but the SNOMED concept also includes local flap reconstruction — ICHI has no single code combining excision of pressure injury with flap closure, so the reconstructive component is omitted.
1240424007 (Excision of pressure injury of lower limb with primary closure using suture)maps to wider conceptLAG.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)LAG.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the lower limb, matching the excision component; however, primary closure by suture is integral to the SNOMED concept and is not captured in the ICHI code.
359851005 (Excision of prominence of cornea in staphyloma)maps to wider conceptBBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)BBB.JJ.AA represents partial excision of cornea, the correct procedure class for excising a corneal prominence in staphyloma (a bulging/ectatic area). The ICHI code does not specify the staphyloma indication or the prominence/ectasia nature of the lesion.
700417008 (Excision of pterygium with amniotic membrane graft)maps to wider conceptBBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva)Pterygium is a localised conjunctival/corneal lesion; BBA.JI.AA captures the excision component, but ICHI does not encode the additional amniotic membrane graft step, making it broader than the full SNOMED procedure.
700401002 (Excision of pterygium with graft to conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva)As with the amniotic membrane variant, the excision of pterygium maps to local excision of a conjunctival lesion, but the conjunctival autograft component is not represented in ICHI, so the code is broader.
387861003 (Excision of rectal mucosa)maps to wider conceptKBW.JJ.AA (Partial excision of rectum)ICHI has no dedicated mucosectomy code; the closest match is KBW.JJ.AA (partial excision of rectum), broader as it encompasses the full rectal wall rather than the mucosa layer specifically.
233054002 (Excision of right ventricular vegetations)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations across the entire heart without specifying laterality or chamber, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right ventricle. This is the only ICHI code for cardiac vegetation removal.
176929000 (Excision of ruptured ectopic tubal pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy generally without specifying the tubal location or ruptured status; the SNOMED concept is more specific. NMC.JJ.AA (partial salpingectomy) is procedurally available but does not encode the ectopic pregnancy indication.
83748007 (Excision of sacral pressure injury with primary suture)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The sacrum is part of the trunk; local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk is the closest available ICHI code. It does not capture the pressure injury aetiology, sacral sub-site, or primary suture closure component.
708802003 (Excision of scalp mass)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The scalp is part of the head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue region covered by LAA.JI.AA; the code encompasses all of head and neck rather than being scalp-specific, and "mass" does not map directly to "local excision of lesion" terminology.
440258006 (Excision of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, and the NEC qualifier means it applies across body sites; however, partial excision (JJ) best represents a non-total skin excision when the SNOMED concept does not specify extent or location.
107898001 (Excision of skin of limb)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has separate codes for upper limb (LAE.JJ.AA) and lower limb (LAG.JJ.AA) but no single code covering "skin of limb" (both upper and lower combined). The NEC residual code LZZ.JJ.AA is the closest catch-all and covers the concept at a broader level.
62277007 (Excision of soft tissue of hand)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of soft tissue specifically of the hand; MGM codes cover muscle of hand but not general soft tissue. MRS.JJ.AA is the closest available code but covers unspecified site rather than being specific to the hand.
112881004 (Excision of sublingual gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JK.AA (Complete sialoadenectomy)ICHI classifies all salivary gland interventions under the KAM block without distinguishing between sublingual, submandibular, or parotid glands. KAM.JK.AA is the best match for total excision of the sublingual gland, but it is broader because it applies to any major salivary gland.
47227006 (Excision of submandibular gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JK.AA (Complete sialoadenectomy)As with the sublingual gland, ICHI does not differentiate salivary gland excision by gland type; KAM.JK.AA covers complete removal of any major salivary gland and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the submandibular gland.
232565008 (Excision of sulcus vocalis)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx)Sulcus vocalis is a specific mucosal lesion/groove of the vocal fold within the larynx, and its excision is typically performed endoscopically; the ICHI code covers any endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion, making it broader than this specific structural abnormality.
778032002 (Excision of synovial membrane)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; partial excision of joint tissue at an unspecified site is the nearest match, but it is broader as it encompasses any joint structure rather than being specific to the synovial membrane.
38812001 (Excision of tissue or organ for grafting from recipient site)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)ICHI LZZ.JH.AA represents procurement of skin/subcutaneous tissue for graft, the closest general concept in ICHI for harvesting tissue for grafting; however it is scoped specifically to skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any tissue or organ type.
1145322008 (Excision of tonsil, palatine arch and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle)maps to wider conceptDAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy)Tonsillectomy captures the tonsil excision component but does not encode the additional resection of the palatine arch and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, making it a broader/simpler procedure than the SNOMED concept which describes a more extensive combined excision.
32081007 (Excision of tooth from nasal sinus)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)Excision of tooth via incision captures the core procedure of surgically removing a tooth, but does not encode the site-specific detail that the tooth is located within a nasal (paranasal) sinus — the ICHI code is therefore broader, omitting the sinus-displacement context.
14647008 (Excision of trochanteric lipomatosis)maps to wider conceptLAG.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)LAG.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, matching the anatomical region (trochanter is proximal femur/lower limb) and the nature of excising a lipomatous (subcutaneous) lesion; however it does not specify lipomatosis or the trochanteric subsite.
439113001 (Excision of trochanteric pressure injury)maps to wider conceptLAG.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)LAG.JI.AA is the best available match for surgical excision of a pressure injury at the trochanter; the ICHI code does not specify the wound aetiology (pressure injury) or the trochanteric subsite, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
142007 (Excision of tumor from shoulder area, deep, intramuscular)maps to wider conceptMRM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies excision of a deep intramuscular tumor at the shoulder. ICHI has no shoulder-specific muscle excision code; MRM.JI.AA is the closest match but does not capture the shoulder-region specificity, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.
112779006 (Excision of tumor of foot, deep, intramuscular)maps to wider conceptMRM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI's foot/toe muscle block contains only a reconstruction code, with no local excision of lesion code at that site. MRM.JI.AA correctly captures the action (local excision of lesion of muscle) but loses the foot-specific location.
42181007 (Excision of tumor of soft tissue of back)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI's trunk soft tissue block contains only massage and stretch codes with no excision, so the best available match is MRS.JI.AA, which correctly encodes local excision of a lesion of soft tissue but loses the back/trunk location specificity.
41251009 (Excision of tumor of soft tissue of flank)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for soft tissue of the flank or lateral trunk — the MCS block contains only massage/stretch codes without an excision entry. MRS.JI.AA matches on action and tissue type but is broader in anatomical site.
15950004 (Excision of tumor of soft tissue of neck, subcutaneous)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JI.AA aligns well on action (local excision) and target tissue type (subcutaneous tissue of neck), but the ICHI code covers the combined head-or-neck region rather than neck alone, making it slightly broader.
71225000 (Excision of uterine ligament)maps to wider conceptKMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue)ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of a uterine ligament (broad, round, or uterosacral); these are peritoneal/retroperitoneal structures, and the closest assignable code is KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue), which is broader.
36439007 (Excision of varicocele)maps to wider conceptIED.JJ.AA (Partial excision of abdominal or pelvic vein)A varicocele is a dilation of the pampiniform plexus/spermatic vein, anatomically classified as an abdominal or pelvic vein. IED.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers any partial excision of an abdominal or pelvic vein, making it broader.
233205001 (Excision of vegetations from ductus arteriosus)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has a specific code for extraction of cardiac vegetations and vegetations on the ductus arteriosus are within the cardiac/great vessel domain covered. The ICHI code is broader as it covers cardiac vegetations across the whole heart/great vessel complex, not specifically the ductus arteriosus.
174983004 (Excision of vegetations of valve of heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)HZZ.JE.AA directly addresses extraction of cardiac vegetations and is the most semantically precise ICHI code available. It is wider because it covers vegetations on any cardiac structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to valvular vegetations.
70625001 (Excision of verruca of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eyelid)ICHI captures local excision of any lesion of the eyelid, which encompasses a verruca (wart). The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to verrucae and applies to any eyelid lesion.
447118001 (Excision of wart of pinna)maps to wider conceptCAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of auricle of ear)The pinna and auricle are the same structure, so the anatomical target matches exactly. The ICHI code is wider because it covers local excision of any lesion of the auricle, not specifically a wart.
10719005 (Excision of xanthoma site)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)A xanthoma is a lipid-laden lesion that can appear in skin and soft tissue at various body sites; ICHI has no xanthoma-specific code, so the best fit is local excision of a soft tissue lesion at an unspecified site, broader as it applies to any soft tissue lesion regardless of type or body region.
7553005 (Excisional biopsy of eye)maps to wider conceptBZA.AD.AA (Biopsy of eyeball, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "excisional biopsy of eyeball" code; BZA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the eyeball as a whole under the NEC residual category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the excisional nature of the biopsy technique.
200702002 (Excisional biopsy of eye muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.AD.AA (Biopsy of extraocular muscle or tendon)BDA.AD.AA is the specific ICHI code for biopsy of extraocular muscle, which directly corresponds to the target structure. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the excisional biopsy technique from other biopsy approaches within this code.
196281000 (Excisional biopsy of heart)maps to wider conceptHFD.AD.AA (Biopsy of myocardium)ICHI does not have an explicit "excisional biopsy of heart" code; HFD.AD.AA represents biopsy of the myocardium (the predominant cardiac tissue targeted in such procedures) and is the closest structural match. The code is wider because it does not specify the excisional technique.
280390001 (Excisional biopsy of hypophysis)maps to wider conceptEAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of pituitary gland)Hypophysis is the anatomical synonym for the pituitary gland, and EAA.AD.AA is the direct ICHI biopsy code for this structure. The code is wider because it does not specify the excisional biopsy technique.
294002 (Excisional biopsy of joint structure of spine)maps to wider conceptMRJ.AD.AA (Biopsy of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no spine-specific joint biopsy code; MRJ.AD.AA captures the joint biopsy action but is anatomically unspecified (not restricted to spinal joints), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI also does not distinguish excisional from other biopsy techniques.
307996001 (Excisional biopsy of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AA (Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.AD.AA covers biopsy of a lymph node at any unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not differentiate excisional from incisional biopsy technique at this category level, and the NEC qualifier makes the code a residual catch-all.
447412005 (Excisional biopsy of lymph node of neck)maps to wider conceptDFB.AD.AA (Biopsy of cervical lymph node)DFB.AD.AA correctly localises the target to the cervical (neck) lymph node, providing a strong anatomical match, but ICHI does not distinguish excisional biopsy from other biopsy techniques at this category level.
222287008 (Excisional biopsy of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.AD.AA (Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.AD.AA captures the biopsy of muscle concept but is broader on two dimensions: it does not specify the excisional technique, and the "unspecified site" qualifier means it is not restricted to a particular muscle group or anatomical region.
170623007 (Excisional biopsy of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.AD.AA (Biopsy of peripheral nerve)ICHI's "Biopsy of peripheral nerve" covers biopsy of nerve tissue but does not encode the excisional specificity of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI action axis AD (biopsy) is broader than a specifically excisional biopsy. The SNOMED concept refers to nerves generically while this code is limited to peripheral nerve.
207858002 (Excisional biopsy of nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AD.AA (Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated ganglion-specific biopsy code; AAN.AD.AA covers cranial nerve or ganglion only, and no code exists for peripheral or autonomic nerve ganglia. AZZ.AD.AA (nerve NEC) is the most appropriate residual category.
59295008 (Excisional biopsy of phalanges of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.AD.AA (Biopsy of bone of hand or finger)MGB.AD.AA captures biopsy of bone of hand or finger, which encompasses the phalanges of the hand as a subset; however, ICHI does not encode the excisional (open removal) nature of the biopsy.
80362002 (Excisional biopsy of pineal gland)maps to wider conceptEAB.AD.AA (Biopsy of pineal gland)EAB.AD.AA is an exact anatomical match for pineal gland biopsy, but the ICHI action AD (biopsy) encompasses all biopsy approaches without distinguishing excisional biopsy as a specific technique.
239875000 (Excisional biopsy of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.AD.AA (Biopsy of spinal cord)ABA.AD.AA is an exact anatomical match for spinal cord biopsy, but the ICHI action axis AD (biopsy) is broader and does not encode the excisional specificity.
40872008 (Excisional debridement of burn)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no burn-specific debridement codes; LZZ.JG.AA is the best available code covering excisional (with incision) debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue not classified elsewhere, but it is broader as it applies to any unclassified wound type, not burns specifically.
233157007 (Exclusion operation for arrhythmia)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)ICHI's HFC.GA.AA captures open surgical destruction/ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which subsumes arrhythmia exclusion operations including the Maze procedure; the SNOMED concept is more specific to surgical exclusion/isolation techniques for arrhythmia.
252195001 (Exercise stress test - endocrine)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The SNOMED concept specifies an exercise stress test designed to provoke and evaluate endocrine responses; ETK.AA.ZZ captures the endocrine target and assessment action, but does not encode the exercise-based stimulus or test modality specifically.
17914007 (Existential therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not enumerate specific psychotherapy modalities such as existential, humanistic, or gestalt therapy. PZB.PQ.ZZ is the best-fit residual category for psychotherapy approaches directed at the whole person's meaning, existence, and identity — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
48706002 (Exophthalmometry)maps to wider conceptBTF.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye)ICHI has no specific code for exophthalmometry (Hertel exophthalmometer measurement of ocular protrusion). BTF.AC.ZZ covers testing of functions of structures adjoining the eye, which includes orbital structures, but is broader as it encompasses any test of those structures rather than specifically measuring eyeball protrusion.
302244003 (Experiential constructivist therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish psychotherapy modalities — there are no codes specific to experiential, constructivist, cognitive, or other named therapeutic approaches. PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code, broader as it captures any psychotherapy approach not classified elsewhere.
720389008 (Expiratory CT)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no means code representing respiratory phase (inspiratory vs expiratory) during CT acquisition. JBF.BA.BC is the generic CT of lung code with NEC residual status, but it is broader as it does not capture the end-expiratory acquisition that defines this SNOMED concept.
448424000 (Exploration and biopsy of sacrum)maps to wider conceptMBR.AD.AA (Biopsy of sacral spine)MBR.AD.AA directly represents biopsy of the sacral spine, covering the biopsy component. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies surgical exploration, but in ICHI this is implicit in performing an open biopsy; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it does not explicitly encode the exploration component.
10666003 (Exploration for removal of deep foreign body of forearm)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)LAE.JD.AA covers removal of foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, encompassing the forearm, but the SNOMED concept specifies a "deep" foreign body (implying deeper soft tissue or muscle), whereas the ICHI code addresses the skin and subcutaneous level.
19426002 (Exploration of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.AE.AA (Exploration of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.AE.AA directly matches exploration of the abdominal artery but also includes pelvic arteries, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to abdominal arteries only.
53006003 (Exploration of carpal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.AE.AA (Exploration of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated carpal tunnel exploration code. ACA.AE.AA is the closest match by action (exploration) and anatomical region (the median nerve within the carpal tunnel), but covers all peripheral nerves, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
172400008 (Exploration of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists specifically for conjunctival exploration; the conjunctiva block (BBA) contains only biopsy/excision/repair codes. BZA.AA.ZZ is the closest available, covering eye assessment NEC, but is broader than the SNOMED concept.
363112005 (Exploration of digestive system)maps to wider conceptKZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated exploration/inspection code for the digestive system as a whole. KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual/unspecified code covering any digestive-system intervention, broader than the SNOMED concept.
363114006 (Exploration of endocrine system)maps to wider conceptEZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated exploration code for the endocrine system as a whole. EZZ.AA.ZZ (endocrine assessment NEC) is the best available match but broader in scope than physical exploration.
359552007 (Exploration of ethmoid sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.AE.AD (Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)The ethmoid sinus block (JAH) contains no inspection/exploration code. JAE.AE.AD covers endoscopic exploration of paranasal sinuses broadly, wider than the ethmoid-specific SNOMED concept.
176975008 (Exploration of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMC (Interventions on fallopian tube)ICHI has a fallopian-tube interventions block (NMC) but no specific "exploration" code. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a surgical exploration.
176646004 (Exploration of female perineum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum)ICHI has a perineum interventions block (PAW) with biopsy/drainage/incision/repair codes but no exploration category. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept.
238222002 (Exploration of femoral canal)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAN (Interventions on abdominal wall, femoral)The femoral canal is represented in ICHI under the abdominal wall femoral block (PAN), which contains only hernia repair codes. The block is broader than surgical exploration of the femoral canal.
363117004 (Exploration of genitourinary system)maps to wider conceptNZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the genitourinary system, unspecified)ICHI has no specific exploration category for the genitourinary system as a whole. NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual code covering unspecified GU interventions, broader than the SNOMED concept.
1144784002 (Exploration of inguinal canal)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)ICHI has no specific inguinal-canal exploration code; the PAM block contains only hernia repair. Exploratory laparotomy is the nearest open-exploration concept but covers the whole abdomen, broader than canal-specific.
450520002 (Exploration of inguinal region)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)ICHI has no inguinal-region exploration code; the PAM block is restricted to hernia repair. Exploratory laparotomy is the nearest match but encompasses the entire abdominal cavity.
171673004 (Exploration of oculomotor nerve (III))maps to wider conceptACA.AE.AA (Exploration of peripheral nerve)ICHI's cranial nerve block (AAN) contains no exploration code. ACA.AE.AA (peripheral nerve exploration) is the closest match but broader, covering any peripheral nerve rather than specifically the oculomotor nerve.
174308004 (Exploration of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum)KBW.AE.AC covers rectal examination via transanal approach. The SNOMED concept is approach-unspecified and may imply more invasive exploration; the ICHI examination code is the closest available match.
450440007 (Exploration of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)No site-specific exploration code exists for skin of neck in the LAA block. LZZ.AE.AA is the NEC open exploration code for skin/subcutaneous tissue generally, broader in anatomical scope than the neck-specific SNOMED concept.
62463007 (Exploration of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.AE.AA (Exploration of tendon sheath of unspecified site)ICHI code matches the procedure with an "unspecified site" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is also site-agnostic but more clinically specific.
236168003 (Exploration of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.AE.AA (Exploration of ureter and periureteral area)NAE.AE.AA directly encodes ureteral exploration; slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also includes the periureteral area.
233465001 (Exploration of vein with venotomy)maps to wider conceptIZD.FA.AA (Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific vein-exploration-with-venotomy code; IZD.FA.AA captures the defining procedural act (venotomy of unspecified vein) but does not convey the exploratory intent.
12324002 (Exploratory laparotomy with biopsy)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)PAK.AE.AA covers the primary procedure but not the additional biopsy component, which would require a second code, making the single-code ICHI match wider than the combined SNOMED concept.
178373004 (Exploratory open craniotomy)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy) is precisely an incision of the skull, but ICHI does not distinguish exploratory intent, making it slightly broader.
204542000 (Exploratory sclerotomy)maps to wider conceptBCB.FA.AA (Incision of sclera)Sclerotomy is by definition an incision of the sclera, mapping directly to BCB.FA.AA; however, ICHI does not capture the "exploratory" qualifier, making it broader.
129219004 (Expression of comedones and milia)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for expressing comedones or milia; "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC" is the closest structural match for manual emptying of superficial skin lesions, but it is broader.
225091003 (Expression of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.JB.AC (Drainage of bladder without incision)Manual bladder expression (Credé maneuver) maps best to drainage of the bladder performed without incision; ICHI lacks a dedicated manual expression code, so this is broader.
15558000 (Expressive psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI has no specific code for expressive psychotherapy as a named modality; the best available code covers psychotherapy directed at mental functions unspecified, which is broader.
1366073009 (Extended posterior decompression and fusion of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine but does not capture the "extended posterior decompression" component (e.g., laminectomy/osteotomy) that is integral to this combined procedure.
120135005 (External ear closure)maps to wider conceptCAC.MK.AA (Repair of external ear)ICHI has no dedicated "closure" category for the external ear; CAC.MK.AA (Repair of external ear) is the broadest matching code within the auricle block and subsumes wound closure as one type of repair.
275148007 (External electrode cardioversion)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia by any means and does not specify the external electrode (transthoracic) approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
257838009 (External fixation of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)"External immobilisation device" is the ICHI term for external fixator; the unspecified-site code covers any bone, making it the best generic match although broader than the SNOMED concept.
448852003 (External fixation of phalanx of finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no phalanx-specific code; the best available code covers all bones of the hand or finger, which includes phalanges but is anatomically broader.
448853008 (External fixation of phalanx of toe)maps to wider conceptMOB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of foot or toe)ICHI has no phalanx-specific toe code; the nearest code covers all bones of the foot or toe, broader than the SNOMED concept.
448504002 (External fixation of scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external fixator device to shoulder region)The scapula has no dedicated ICHI code; this is the only shoulder-region external fixator code that explicitly uses the term "external fixator device", though it specifies a percutaneous approach and the broader shoulder region.
178236004 (Extirpation of lesion of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site)"Extirpation of lesion of muscle" covers any body site; MRM.JI.AA is the unspecified-site residual code for local excision of a muscle lesion, the closest structural match.
176852000 (Extra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation)maps to wider conceptNME.SH.AC (Medical induction of labour, per orifice)Extra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation is a specific induction technique via the cervical/vaginal route; NME.SH.AC covers medical induction of labour per orifice broadly, not specifying prostaglandins or extra-amniotic delivery.
308694002 (Extracapsular cataract extraction and insertion of intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI has no combined code for cataract extraction plus intraocular lens insertion; BBF.JK.AA captures the primary lens extraction action only, missing the IOL insertion component.
88282000 (Extracapsular extraction of cataract by mechanical fragmentation with aspiration)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)BBF.JK.AA covers extraction of the lens generally but does not capture the specific extracapsular technique with mechanical fragmentation and aspiration.
444889008 (Extracapsular repair of tear of anterior cruciate ligament using suture stabilization and fiber tape implant)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)MML.MK.AA covers open repair of knee ligaments broadly, encompassing ACL repair, but ICHI lacks an ACL-specific code or codes for the suture stabilization with fiber tape implant technique.
431494004 (Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of tendon using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptMIS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of upper limb, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to ESWL/ESWT of a tendon; MIS.SC.BJ is the closest available match (means axis denotes ultrasound), but broader than the tendon-specific concept.
700503001 (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for calcific tendinitis of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMIS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of upper limb, not elsewhere classified)The closest ICHI code for ESWT applied to the shoulder region (upper limb), but broader — does not specify the shoulder tendon nor encode the calcific tendinitis indication.
427278007 (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of calculus of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no code for ESWT specifically targeting a tendon calculus; MRS.SC.BJ (soft tissue of unspecified site) is preferred since the SNOMED concept does not specify a body region.
230981003 (Extracranial decompression of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)"Release of cranial nerve" is the closest ICHI concept to extracranial decompression; ICHI does not distinguish extracranial from intracranial location, making it broader.
230957005 (Extracranial destruction of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)Direct semantic match for the action and target with open approach; ICHI does not encode the extracranial qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader.
230959008 (Extracranial destruction of ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no dedicated "destruction of ganglion" code; AAN.GA.AA is the best available approximation since cranial ganglia are within this ICHI block, but broader and does not distinguish ganglion from nerve trunk.
1340198009 (Extraction and reimplantation of tooth with insertion of splint)maps to wider conceptKAE.KD.AC (Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud)KAE.KD.AC covers reimplantation/transplantation of a tooth, but ICHI does not capture the combined extraction-and-reimplantation act nor the splint insertion.
64835001 (Extraction of after cataract with iridocapsulectomy)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)"After cataract" refers to residual lens capsule/cortex, and iridocapsulectomy adds removal of iris tissue — a combination not captured by any single ICHI code; BBF.JK.AA represents the primary lens extraction component only.
708800006 (Extraction of calculus of biliary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KCA (Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures)The SNOMED concept covers calculus extraction from the entire biliary tract; ICHI has separate site-specific codes but no single code for the whole biliary tract, so this block is the best parent.
38621000087109 (Extraction of cataract and implantation of intraocular lens in left eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI has separate codes for lens extraction and prosthetic lens insertion but no combined code; BBF.JK.AA captures only the extraction component without the IOL insertion or laterality.
38631000087106 (Extraction of cataract and implantation of intraocular lens in right eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI lacks a combined cataract extraction plus IOL implantation code; BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction component, missing the IOL insertion and right-eye laterality.
446548003 (Extraction of cataract and trabeculectomy)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)This combined procedure (cataract extraction plus trabeculectomy) has no combined ICHI code and no specific trabeculectomy code; BBF.JK.AA covers only the lens extraction component.
57703000 (Extraction of permanent tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)KAE.JE.AC covers extraction without incision (standard forceps/elevator approach), which matches the typical permanent tooth extraction. ICHI does not distinguish between permanent and primary dentition.
5130002 (Extraction of primary membranous cataract by discission)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI does not have a specific code for discission as a technique, nor for "membranous" or "primary" cataract; BBF.JK.AA is the closest parent, broader as it does not capture the technique or specific cataract type.
1366555002 (Extralevator abdominoperineal excision)maps to wider conceptKBW.JK.AA (Total excision of rectum)Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) is a specific, more radical variant of abdominoperineal resection involving en-bloc removal of the rectum with the levator ani muscles; ICHI's total excision of rectum covers this procedure but does not capture the extended levator resection or the specific surgical approach, making the ICHI code broader.
34321002 (Extraocular muscle tenotomy)maps to wider conceptBDA.FA.AA (Incision of extraocular muscles or tendons)Tenotomy is a specific procedure involving cutting of a tendon; the best available ICHI code is incision of extraocular muscles or tendons, which covers the broader category of incision procedures including tenotomy but also encompasses other incision procedures of this target.
75882000 (Extraoral sialolithotomy of parotid gland)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA captures extraction of a calculus from the parotid gland, which aligns with the clinical objective of a sialolithotomy; however, the ICHI code does not specify the extraoral surgical approach (as opposed to intraoral or endoscopic), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
57271003 (Extraperitoneal cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA is the sole ICHI code for caesarean delivery and does not distinguish between the extraperitoneal and the standard transperitoneal technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the extraperitoneal approach.
385905006 (Eye care assessment)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)BZZ.AA.AH covers assessment of both the eye and eye functions as a combined unspecified target, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies "care assessment" in a clinical care context. It is the closest assignable code for a general ophthalmic assessment.
266783009 (Face to pubes conversion)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)"Face to pubes conversion" is a specific obstetric manual rotation maneuver that converts a face presentation to an occiput (vertex) presentation for vaginal delivery; NMR.LD.AC captures this as a fetal rotation intervention, though it is broader as it does not specify the type or direction of rotation.
3968003 (Facetectomy of vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)A facetectomy is a partial excision of the articular facet of a vertebra, which fits squarely within the concept of partial ostectomy of vertebra. ICHI does not have a facet-specific code, so MBZ.JJ.AA is broader but the best available match.
288047005 (Facial bone - bone graft)maps to wider conceptMAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "bone graft to facial bone" code, so MAB.ML.AA (reconstruction of facial bone) is the closest functional equivalent — a bone graft is a form of reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all reconstructive techniques, not just grafting.
107746008 (Facial bone destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptMAB.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)MAB.GA.AA directly represents destruction applied to facial bone and is the best structural match. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies destruction of a lesion, whereas the SNOMED concept is a broader category covering any destructive procedure on facial bone.
107748009 (Facial bone manipulation)maps to wider conceptMAB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)"Facial bone manipulation" most closely corresponds to closed (manual) reduction of a facial bone — MAB.LD.AH. The ICHI code is somewhat narrower in framing (reduction implies a displaced fracture context), whereas the SNOMED concept is a broader grouping for any manipulation of facial bone.
229123001 (Facial exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for facial exercises; the closest match is MU2.PG.ZZ, which covers exercise interventions targeting muscle functions generically. Facial exercises are a form of muscle-function exercise, but the ICHI code spans all body muscle groups.
69229008 (Facial measurement and fitting of spectacles, single focus)maps to wider conceptBTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of seeing functions)ICHI has no specific code for spectacle prescription or fitting; BTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of seeing functions) captures the refraction/measurement component but is broader, omitting the fitting/dispensing of single-focus lenses.
77726006 (Facial rhytidoplasty)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Rhytidoplasty (facelift) consists of excision and tightening of excess facial skin and subcutaneous tissue, which corresponds to "reduction" of skin/subcutaneous tissue; however, LAA.LL.AA covers all of head and neck rather than the face specifically.
311680002 (Facilitating initiation of swallowing exercises)maps to wider conceptKTC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing)KTC.PG.ZZ covers assisting and leading exercises for swallowing, which closely matches the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it does not specifically restrict to the "initiation" phase of exercise.
767608007 (Facilitating symbolic play)maps to wider conceptSXD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in playing)SXD.RB.ZZ addresses practical support for play engagement which maps onto facilitating play, but ICHI does not distinguish symbolic/pretend play as a sub-type, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1156687006 (Facilitation of adequate sleep)maps to wider conceptATK.RB.ZZ (Practical support with sleep functions)ATK.RB.ZZ covers practical support directed at sleep functions, which broadly corresponds to facilitating adequate sleep. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any practical support for sleep functions rather than specifically targeting sleep adequacy.
1156582006 (Facilitation of personal hygiene)maps to wider conceptSMC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with caring for body parts)"Caring for body parts" (SMC) in ICHI is the self-care target covering hygiene tasks such as washing and grooming, and RB (practical support) maps to the facilitation/assistance action. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all body-part care beyond hygiene alone.
103808009 (Factor XII inhibitor assay)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI has no specific code for Factor XII inhibitor assays or individual coagulation factor testing; DTA.AC.ZZ covers testing of haematological system functions broadly, which encompasses coagulation factor inhibitor assays but is far less specific.
36056007 (Factor XIII inhibitor assay)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI lacks granular coagulation factor inhibitor codes, so DTA.AC.ZZ (test of haematological system functions) is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific assay.
236913003 (Fallopian replacement of egg with delayed insemination)maps to wider conceptNMC.DH.AB (Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures)NMC.DH.AB covers fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures as a group and is the closest ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept is more specific — it identifies a particular technique (egg replacement with delayed insemination), which ICHI does not distinguish.
410551005 (Family history taking)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI does not have a code specific to collecting family history; "Interview in relation to the whole person" (PZB.AN.ZZ) is the closest action-based code covering a structured interview with a patient, but it is broader in that it encompasses any whole-person interview rather than being restricted to eliciting heritable/familial health history.
418386007 (Family medication education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)"Education about medications" (UAC.PM.ZZ) is a strong semantic match for the educational content of this concept; it is slightly wider because ICHI does not distinguish whether the education recipient is the patient or the family, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly targets the family as the audience.
408921003 (Family process analysis)maps to wider conceptSSJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in family relationships)SSJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of family relationships, which encompasses family process analysis, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the systematic analytical depth implied by "process analysis" and applies to any form of assessment of family relationship engagement.
42299007 (Fascial sling of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.LC.AC (Fixation of tongue)A fascial sling of the tongue achieves fixation/suspension of the tongue using a fascia strip, which matches the fixation of tongue concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the use of fascia as the means of fixation.
406852005 (Fast sulfon black F stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Fast sulfon black F is a specific enzyme histochemical stain applied to tissue sections (commonly used in muscle biopsy for mitochondrial enzyme activity). ICHI has no code for specific histochemical staining techniques; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the broadest encompassing category available.
406853000 (Fast violet B salt stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Fast violet B salt is a specific histochemical stain for enzyme activity (e.g., acid phosphatase) in tissue sections. No ICHI code exists for individual histochemical staining methods; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the only applicable category, making it far broader than this specific technique.
406854006 (Fat red 7B stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Fat red 7B is a lipophilic dye used in histochemical staining to demonstrate neutral lipids in tissue sections. ICHI contains no code for lipid or fat-specific histochemical stains; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the closest available parent category.
281664003 (Fat tolerance test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The fat tolerance test assesses fat absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract (a digestive function). KT2.AC.ZZ covers unclassified tests of digestive system functions, which is the correct functional domain but considerably broader than this specific lipid absorption challenge test.
385707008 (Fecal disimpaction education)maps to wider conceptKTK.PM.ZZ (Education about defaecation functions)KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about defaecation functions broadly, which encompasses but is wider than the specific SNOMED concept of education directed at fecal disimpaction; the ICHI code does not restrict to the disimpaction context but is the best available match in the digestive system education section.
401258002 (Fecal lactose level)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)Fecal lactose level is a specific quantitative measurement of unabsorbed lactose in stool, used to assess carbohydrate malabsorption; ICHI's "Assessment of assimilation functions" covers the broader domain of intestinal absorption and assimilation but does not specify the lactose analyte or the fecal specimen type.
281105001 (Fecal lipase measurement)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Fecal lipase is a specific measurement of pancreatic-origin lipase activity in stool, used to evaluate exocrine pancreatic function; no ICHI code targets pancreatic enzyme measurement in feces, so the NEC residual "Test of functions of the digestive system" is the closest broader match.
401256003 (Fecal maltose level)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)Fecal maltose level quantifies undigested maltose (a disaccharide) in stool as a marker of carbohydrate maldigestion/malabsorption; ICHI's "Assessment of assimilation functions" captures the relevant digestive function domain but is far broader, encompassing all assimilation assessments without analyte or specimen specificity.
1784004 (Fecal stercobilin, qualitative)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Stercobilin is a bile pigment derivative detected qualitatively in feces to evaluate bile production and hepatobiliary function; ICHI has no code for fecal pigment analysis, so the residual "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified" is the best available broader category.
401255004 (Fecal sucrose level)maps to wider conceptKTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)Fecal sucrose level measures unabsorbed sucrose in stool as an indicator of sucrase deficiency or carbohydrate malabsorption; like fecal lactose and maltose, the closest ICHI match is "Assessment of assimilation functions," which is substantially broader and lacks analyte or specimen specificity.
418995006 (Feeding regime)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)PZA.DA.ZZ captures administration of nutritional requirements by an unspecified means, which is the closest match to implementing a prescribed feeding regime; it is broader, covering any mode of nutritional administration rather than a specific planned regime.
1208765009 (Female hypospadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)NAM.MK.AA covers the correct anatomical target and action but is broader — it does not specify hypospadias as the indication, the reconstructive subtype, or the female sex.
405297004 (Femoro-posterior tibial graft for repair of aneurysm using prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA covers any reconstruction of a lower limb artery and is the best available ICHI code; it does not capture the specific femoro-posterior tibial route, prosthetic graft material, or aneurysm indication.
233448005 (Femorofemoral venous crossover shunt)maps to wider conceptIFD.LI.AA (Bypass of vein of lower limb)IFD.LI.AA is the most specific available code for a lower limb venous bypass, but it does not encode the contralateral crossover route or shunt configuration that distinguishes this procedure.
1187239007 (Fenestration excision of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AA (Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.JJ.AA represents disc excision at an unspecified spinal level without specifying approach; fenestration excision is a technique-specific variant (access via a small laminar window) so the ICHI code is broader in both technique and level.
232754000 (Fenestration operation on mitral chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI has no specific code for fenestration of mitral chordae tendinae; HDF.MK.AA covers repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which explicitly includes chordal/subvalvar structures), making it the best available but broader code.
232793009 (Fenestration operation on tricuspid chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI has no specific code for fenestration of tricuspid chordae tendinae; HDH.MK.AA covers repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus (which includes chordal structures), making it the best available but broader code.
1255142001 (Fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food as an environmental intervention, but it is broader than the FODMAP concept, which specifies a particular dietary pattern restricting fermentable carbohydrates.
252951006 (Fetal acoustic stimulation test)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)The fetal acoustic stimulation test elicits a fetal heart rate response with sound stimuli; ICHI has no code for acoustic/vibroacoustic stimulation testing, and NMR.AA.ZZ is the closest available code representing assessment of fetal structure, though broader and missing the acoustic modality.
271442007 (Fetal anatomy study)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)A fetal anatomy study is a detailed ultrasound survey of fetal morphology to detect structural anomalies; NMR.BA.BJ is the best-fitting ICHI code for ultrasound of fetal structure, though it does not explicitly indicate a comprehensive anatomical survey.
426840007 (Fetal biometry using ultrasound)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)Fetal biometry by ultrasound involves measuring fetal dimensions (BPD, FL, AC, etc.); NMR.BA.BJ maps this as ultrasound of fetal structure but is broader, lacking the biometric measurement purpose.
21623001 (Fetal biophysical profile)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)The fetal biophysical profile is a composite antepartum assessment combining ultrasound and cardiotocography; NMR.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code as a general assessment of fetal structure but does not capture the multicomponent scoring nature.
62726004 (Fetal clavicotomy)maps to wider conceptNMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)Fetal clavicotomy is a specific destructive obstetric procedure where the fetal clavicle is incised to reduce shoulder width; ICHI has no code specific to this technique and NMR.GA.AC is the closest broader category covering destructive fetal procedures performed to enable delivery.
386561000 (Fetal craniotomy)maps to wider conceptNMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)Fetal craniotomy is a destructive procedure on the fetal skull to collapse the head and enable delivery; NMR.GA.AC captures the obstetric destructive-fetal-operation context, though it is broader than the specific craniotomy technique.
20891002 (Fetal decapitation)maps to wider conceptNMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)Fetal decapitation (severance of the fetal head to facilitate delivery of an obstructed shoulder or transverse lie) is a specific destructive obstetric procedure; NMR.GA.AC is the closest broader match for destructive fetal operations performed to facilitate delivery.
433235006 (Fetal echocardiography)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)Fetal echocardiography is an ultrasound-based cardiac imaging study of the fetus; NMR.BA.BJ captures both the fetal target and ultrasound modality, making it a closer fit than the non-fetal echocardiography code, though still broader as it does not specify cardiac focus.
288141009 (Fetal head - manual flexion)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)Manual flexion of the fetal head is a specific intrapartum maneuver to correct deflexion and optimize presenting diameter; NMR.LD.AC covers manual repositioning/rotation of the fetus but does not distinguish flexion of the head specifically.
281570002 (Fetal heart monitoring in labor)maps to wider conceptNME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)NME.AI.AH covers monitoring performed during the entire delivery process, which is broader than specifically monitoring the fetal heart during labor.
408807004 (Fetal heart monitoring using fetal scalp electrode)maps to wider conceptNMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring broadly, and a fetal scalp electrode is the canonical method of internal fetal monitoring; the ICHI code does not specify cardiac focus or electrode means.
408806008 (Fetal heart monitoring using hand held Doppler)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)A handheld Doppler uses ultrasound to detect fetal heart rate, so NMR.BA.BJ is the closest available code; however, it covers all ultrasound-based fetal assessments rather than specifically cardiac Doppler monitoring.
408808009 (Fetal heart monitoring using ultrasound transducer)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)External cardiotocographic monitoring via ultrasound transducer aligns with NMR.BA.BJ, but that code encompasses all fetal ultrasound and is not restricted to continuous cardiac monitoring.
408845003 (Fetal heart monitoring with Pinard stethoscope)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)ICHI has no code for acoustic auscultation of the fetal heart; NMR.AA.ZZ is the broadest possible match within the fetal interventions block, covering any clinical assessment of the fetus including auscultation with a Pinard stethoscope.
252950007 (Fetal physical stimulation test)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)A fetal physical stimulation test (vibroacoustic or manual stimulation to elicit fetal heart rate response) is a specific type of fetal assessment; NMR.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fetal/embryonic structure broadly, making it wider.
177090001 (Fetoscopic biopsy of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.AD.AD (Biopsy of fetal structures)NMR.AD.AD describes biopsy of fetal structures without specifying the fetoscopic approach explicit in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader; the procedural intent (tissue biopsy from the fetus) is otherwise well matched.
240279008 (Fetoscopic procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMR (Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any fetoscopic procedure; no single ICHI category code covers all fetoscopic interventions, so the block BlockL5-NMR encompassing interventions on fetal or embryonic structures is the best structural equivalent.
173153000 (Fiberoptic bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion below trachea)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)JBB.GA.AD captures the endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of a bronchial lesion which aligns with "below trachea"; the ICHI code does not specify laser as the destructive means, making it broader.
6611000179105 (Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with brush biopsy of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus)JBB.AD.AD correctly represents an endoscopic (fiberoptic bronchoscopic) biopsy of the bronchus; the ICHI code does not distinguish brush biopsy from forceps or needle biopsy techniques.
1263719001 (Fiberoptic endoscopic cryoablation of lesion of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)ICHI captures the endoscopic destruction of a colonic lesion but does not specify cryoablation as the technique (no cryo-specific value on the means axis), making the ICHI code broader.
174173004 (Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)ICHI encodes endoscopic destruction of a colonic lesion correctly but lacks a laser-specific means value, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser as the destructive modality.
173637002 (Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)ICHI correctly captures endoscopic destruction of an oesophageal lesion but has no laser-specific means code, so the ICHI category is broader.
173139000 (Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea)JBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction of a tracheal lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify laser as the means of destruction.
426018002 (Fiberoptic endoscopic photodynamic therapy of lesion of lower respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)Photodynamic therapy of the lower respiratory tract is best represented by endoscopic destruction of a bronchial lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify photodynamic therapy as the modality and covers the bronchus rather than the full lower respiratory tract.
427240005 (Fiberoptic endoscopic photodynamic therapy of lesion of upper gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Photodynamic therapy of upper GI tract lesions is predominantly performed in the oesophagus (e.g., Barrett's oesophagus); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify photodynamic therapy as the modality and is scoped to the oesophagus rather than the full upper GI tract.
426431003 (Fiberoptic endoscopic pressure-controlled balloon dilation of lower esophageal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)Pressure-controlled balloon dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter (pneumatic dilation for achalasia) is a form of endoscopic oesophageal dilatation; KBA.LG.AD is the closest available code but does not specify the balloon/pressure-controlled technique or the sphincter as the precise target.
426841006 (Fiberoptic endoscopic rubber band ligation of upper gastrointestinal tract varices)maps to wider conceptKBA.LA.AD (Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus)Rubber band ligation of oesophageal varices is the dominant clinical scenario; KBA.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify rubber band ligation as the technique or varices as the target tissue.
1217146001 (Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)ICHI has no dedicated code for bronchoscopic brush cytology of a lesion; JBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy) is the closest assignable code covering the endoscopic access to the bronchus, but it does not capture the specific brush cytology sampling action.
1217147005 (Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract and lavage of lesion of lower respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus)JBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus) maps to the lavage component performed endoscopically, but it does not encode the lesion-targeted nature of the lavage and subsumes the fiberoptic access method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1217132001 (Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract with biopsy, lavage and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)This SNOMED concept combines three distinct sampling actions (biopsy, lavage, brush cytology) performed bronchoscopically; ICHI has no combined multi-action code, and JBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy) is the broadest applicable single code that encompasses the endoscopic lower airway access without capturing the three specific sampling modalities.
1217145002 (Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract with lavage and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptJBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus)JBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus) best represents the lavage/irrigation component — the dominant procedural action — but does not capture the brush cytology element or the lesion-targeted specificity, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
173641003 (Fiberoptic esophagoscopy and banding of esophageal varices)maps to wider conceptKBA.LA.AD (Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus)Endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices is a specific form of endoscopic occlusion of the oesophagus; KBA.LA.AD is the best-fitting ICHI code but is broader because it covers any endoscopic occlusion and does not specify varices or banding.
173638007 (Fiberoptic esophagoscopy and cauterization)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)Cauterization performed via fiberoptic esophagoscopy is a form of endoscopic destruction of oesophageal tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any endoscopic means of destruction beyond cauterization alone.
27147003 (Filipuncture of cerebral aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)Filipuncture is a historical technique in which metallic wire filaments are introduced into an intracranial aneurysm to induce thrombosis and occlude it. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of open occlusion of the intracranial artery, not specifically wire-induced aneurysm thrombosis.
53486007 (Filleting of finger flap including preparation of recipient site)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)Filleting of a finger flap involves harvesting the skin/soft tissue envelope of a (non-viable) finger as a pedicle flap and preparing the recipient site on the upper limb. LAE.ML.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code but is wider as it encompasses all skin transfer to the upper limb.
18677005 (Filleting of toe flap including preparation of recipient site)maps to wider conceptLAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)Filleting of a toe flap involves harvesting the skin/soft tissue envelope of a (non-viable) toe as a flap and preparing the recipient site on the lower limb. LAG.ML.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code but is wider as it covers all forms of skin transfer to the lower limb.
25839004 (Filtration rate measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)"Filtration rate measurement" in clinical context refers to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a measurement of renal excretory function. NTC.AB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses GFR but also other urinary excretory measurements.
83362003 (Final inpatient visit with instructions at discharge)maps to wider conceptXG38D0 (Discharge planning)XG38D0 (Discharge planning) is the closest ICHI concept, representing the organisational activity at the end of an inpatient stay; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the final visit interaction combined with delivery of discharge instructions.
75650000 (Finger-to-finger test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The finger-to-finger test is a specific bedside neurological test for upper-limb coordination (cerebellar/voluntary motor control); MVD.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but broader as it covers any test of voluntary movement, not specifically the finger-to-finger variant.
73060005 (Finger-to-nose test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The finger-to-nose test is a standard clinical assessment of upper-limb voluntary motor coordination (cerebellar function). MVD.AC.ZZ is broader because it encompasses all tests of voluntary movement control, not specifically the finger-to-nose manoeuvre.
225335001 (Fire risk assessment)maps to wider conceptVCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours)A fire risk assessment is a specific type of home safety assessment; VCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours) is the closest ICHI code, sitting within the home safety behaviours block, but is broader because it covers all home safety assessments, not specifically fire risk.
711444000 (First stage attachment of fixture for nasal prosthesis)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)The SNOMED concept describes the surgical first-stage placement of an osseointegrated fixture (implant anchor) in the nasal area to support an external nasal prosthesis. JAA.DN.AC is the closest ICHI match but is broader as it does not specify the prosthesis-staging context or osseointegration technique.
301774009 (First stage of two stage orchidopexy)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)NGL.LC.AA covers orchiopexy as a procedure type but does not capture the staged nature of the operation (specifically "first stage of a two-stage procedure"); ICHI represents the complete orchiopexy procedure without distinguishing multi-stage approaches.
236286007 (First stage urethra terminalizing operation using prepucial skin flap)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction, the closest available ICHI code for a urethra terminalizing operation using a preputial skin flap (a form of urethroplasty); ICHI does not encode the specific technique (prepucial flap), the terminal/hypospadias context, or the staged nature of the procedure.
1254999000 (Fish free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ represents modification of food in a general sense under the "Interventions on food" block; ICHI has no code specific to fish exclusion diets, so this broader food-modification code is the best available match.
27104003 (Fistulization of labyrinth for decompression)maps to wider conceptCCA.FA.AC (Incision of inner ear)ICHI has no specific code for labyrinth fistulization or decompression; "Incision of inner ear" is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not capture the fistulization purpose or explicit decompression intent.
290039009 (Fit ear mold for existing hearing aid)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting an ear mold for a hearing aid; PAB.DP.AH is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any assistive product fitted to the head/neck region without specifying ear molds or hearing aids.
290041005 (Fit ear mold for hearing protection)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI has no specific code for fitting a custom ear mold for hearing protection; PAB.DP.AH is the best available code but is wider, covering any assistive product for the head/neck without distinguishing hearing protection or custom mold fabrication.
290040006 (Fit ear mold for swim plug)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI has no code for fitting a swim plug ear mold; PAB.DP.AH applies as the broader category for assistive product installation at the head/neck level without specificity for swim plugs or ear canal protection.
1263599002 (Fitting of acrylic removable partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for a removable partial denture; "Application of dental device" is the closest assignable code but encompasses all dental device applications rather than specifically a removable acrylic partial denture.
1144276002 (Fitting of complete lower denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)No ICHI code exists for a complete lower denture specifically; KAE.LC.AC is the broadest applicable category under Interventions on Teeth and subsumes all dental appliance fittings without capturing the mandibular or complete-denture specificity.
1144281006 (Fitting of complete upper denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)No ICHI code exists for a maxillary complete denture; KAE.LC.AC is the most specific assignable code available and is broader, covering all dental device applications rather than this particular prosthetic context.
1285470001 (Fitting of dental crown to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" is the closest assignable ICHI code for placing a dental crown on an implant, as it covers restorative dental work; it is broader because it does not specify the crown-on-implant context and includes all forms of tooth restoration.
234855006 (Fitting of fixed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, making it broader than the specific act of bonding a fixed orthodontic retainer; it is the best available ICHI match within the "Interventions on teeth" block.
1285569004 (Fitting of intraoral appliance for sleep apnea)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A mandibular advancement device for sleep apnea is a tooth-anchored dental device, and fitting it corresponds to applying a dental device. The ICHI code is broader, with no specificity for sleep apnea indication or the intraoral/mandibular advancement appliance type.
1264529000 (Fitting of labial gingival veneer)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A labial gingival veneer is a removable prosthetic cover for the labial/gingival surfaces; no ICHI code for veneer or gingival prosthetics exists, and "Application of dental device" is the closest available category but lacks specificity.
1286816004 (Fitting of mandibular resection prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAG.SM.AH (Management of external appliance of mandible)A mandibular resection prosthesis is an external appliance applied to the mandible following resection surgery. MAG.SM.AH is the closest ICHI code but is broader because it covers ongoing management/adjustments rather than the specific initial fitting of a post-resection prosthesis.
1264392003 (Fitting of maxillary obturator)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A maxillary obturator covers a palatal/maxillary defect and is retained via the dentition, making it functionally a dental prosthetic device. No specific ICHI code for obturator fitting exists; "Application of dental device" is the nearest category but is substantially broader.
1285567002 (Fitting of palatal lift prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKAS.DN.AA (Implantation of device into soft palate)A palatal lift prosthesis is a removable device that elevates the soft palate to improve velopharyngeal closure for speech or swallowing. The ICHI code is broader because it refers to implantation of an internal device rather than a removable external prosthesis.
1269227002 (Fitting of partial lower denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI's "Application of dental device" covers the act of fitting a denture as a dental appliance, but does not distinguish partial from full dentures, nor mandibular (lower) from maxillary (upper) arch — making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1269229004 (Fitting of partial upper denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Same reasoning as the lower denture: this is the best available ICHI code for fitting any dental prosthetic appliance, but it does not capture the partial or maxillary (upper) specificity of the SNOMED concept.
87774002 (Fitting of prosthesis of hand)maps to wider conceptPMD.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to hand)"Installation of assistive product to hand" is the closest ICHI code, sitting under the dedicated "Interventions on hand" block, and covers application of an external prosthetic device to the hand; however, ICHI does not explicitly distinguish a prosthesis (replacing an amputated part) from other assistive products, making the code broader.
1263768001 (Fitting of removable partial denture with cobalt chromium framework)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)The SNOMED concept specifies a removable partial denture with a specific cobalt-chromium framework material; ICHI's "Application of dental device" covers the general act but carries none of that specificity regarding removability, arch, partiality, or material framework.
61533004 (Fitting of shoe)maps to wider conceptPND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)Fitting of a shoe (in the therapeutic/orthopedic sense, as SNOMED intends) maps best to "Installation of assistive product to foot," which is the correct anatomical location under the lower limb block; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any assistive product applied to the foot, not specifically therapeutic footwear.
1268673001 (Fixation of ceramic veneer to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI covers the general act of restoring a tooth under KAE.MK.AC, which subsumes veneer fixation as one form of tooth restoration. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all restorative approaches (composite, amalgam, ceramic veneer, etc.) whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a single material-specific technique.
234799009 (Fixation of dental bridge)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A dental bridge is a fixed prosthetic device applied to teeth, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device, Interventions on teeth) is the best available ICHI code for the act of placing a fixed dental appliance. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any dental device application, not specifically a fixed bridge (pontic) prosthesis.
1285471002 (Fixation of dental crown to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Attaching a dental crown to an implant abutment is a form of applying a dental prosthetic device (LC = application of device, target = teeth), but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any dental device application and does not distinguish implant-supported crowns from other dental device placements.
1259133003 (Fixation of fracture of bone of spine using bone screw internal spinal fixation system)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)The bone screw internal spinal fixation system is a device implanted into the spine (DN = insertion/implantation of device, target = vertebral column NEC), which captures the means of fixation; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the fracture indication and covers any spinal device implantation.
80742007 (Fixation of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of hip joint)In orthopaedic terminology, surgical fixation of a joint equates to arthrodesis (permanent stabilisation/fusion), and MLJ.LE.AA is the ICHI code for this procedure on the hip; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it explicitly denotes arthrodesis/fusion whereas the SNOMED term could include temporary fixation methods.
359605007 (Fixation of ileum to abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptKBK.LC.AA (Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The ileum is the distal portion of the small intestine, so KBK.LC.AA (fixation, LC action axis, small intestine NEC target) semantically encompasses this procedure; it is wider because it does not specify that the ileum is the segment fixed nor that the anchoring point is the abdominal wall.
1269409002 (Fixation of indirect resin veneer onto labial surface of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) covers dental restorations broadly, but does not distinguish indirect resin veneers on the labial surface specifically; the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying both the material (resin veneer), method (indirect/adhesive fixation), and anatomical surface (labial).
1264531009 (Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth using silicate cement)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" encompasses all dental restorations without differentiating the luting material (silicate cement) or the indirect method; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the cementation technique and the type of cement used.
14300001000004101 (Fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur using nail)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)ICHI's "Implantation of device into femur" is the closest available code, capturing the insertion of a nail (device) into the femur, but it does not specify the fracture context (intertrochanteric fracture) or that the purpose is fracture fixation; the ICHI code is broader in scope.
359596007 (Fixation of jejunum to abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptKBK.LC.AA (Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to fixation of the jejunum (a segment of small intestine) to the abdominal wall, while ICHI's code covers fixation of any small intestine segment without further specification; the ICHI code is broader since it covers all small intestinal fixation, not only jejunum.
1052277001 (Fixation of left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)Mastopexy is the standard surgical term for breast fixation/lifting, covering the procedure semantically. However, LCA.LC.AA is not lateralised (applies to either breast), so it is broader than the left-sided SNOMED concept; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code.
735023007 (Fixation of left testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)Orchiopexy is the standard term for surgical testis fixation, making this a strong conceptual match. Like the breast concept, NGL.LC.AA is not lateralised, so it is broader than the left-sided SNOMED concept; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code.
1269411006 (Fixation of porcelain veneer onto labial surface of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for veneer placement; KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest category as a dental veneer is a form of restorative intervention on a tooth. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all types of tooth restoration without specifying veneer material, technique, or surface.
428201003 (Fixation of retina using mechanical tacks)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI "Repair of retina" is the closest available code and encompasses retinal fixation procedures, but does not distinguish the specific means of mechanical tacks; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept.
1052276005 (Fixation of right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)Mastopexy (breast fixation/suspension) is the direct ICHI equivalent of breast fixation, but the ICHI base code does not encode laterality (right side), which would require an extension code; the base code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept.
735024001 (Fixation of right testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)Orchiopexy is the standard clinical term for testicular fixation and directly corresponds to the procedure, but the ICHI base code does not encode laterality (right side), making it broader than the laterality-specific SNOMED concept.
104921000220103 (Fixation of temporary dental crown to dental implant)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for cementing or fixing a crown onto a dental implant abutment; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the closest category covering the act of placing/securing a dental appliance to a tooth or implant, but it is broader and does not distinguish between temporary vs. permanent crowns or implant-supported vs. tooth-supported crowns.
64689002 (Fixation of tongue with mechanical K wire)maps to wider conceptKAB.LC.AC (Fixation of tongue)KAB.LC.AC directly encodes fixation of the tongue, matching the core procedure; however, ICHI does not specify the means (Kirschner wire), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names the mechanical K-wire technique.
236242002 (Fixed suspension procedure of urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)NAK.LC.AA covers suspension procedures on the bladder neck in general and is the closest available ICHI code; it does not distinguish "fixed" (as opposed to dynamic or sling) suspension, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The open approach (AA) aligns with a traditional fixed suspension (e.g. Burch colposuspension), though the means axis does not encode the fixation type.
176159006 (Flexible cystoscopy and cystodiathermy of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AD captures transurethral (endoscopic) destruction of a bladder lesion, which aligns with the therapeutic component of this combined procedure; however it does not encode the specific diathermy means (the means axis AD covers endoscopic/transurethral approach generally, not diathermy specifically) nor the diagnostic cystoscopy component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
300963001 (Flexible cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral endoscopic destruction of a bladder lesion and is the best available ICHI match for the therapeutic part of this procedure; the laser means is not distinguished in the means axis (AD = transurethral endoscopic, not laser-specific), and the concurrent diagnostic flexible cystoscopy component is not captured, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
439061000124104 (Fluid restricted diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food) covers the prescriptive act of ordering a therapeutic diet, of which a fluid-restricted diet is one specific instance. The ICHI code is broader, applying to any dietary prescription regardless of the type of restriction, so it is wider than the narrowly defined fluid-restricted diet in SNOMED.
437141000124108 (Fluoride modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)"Fluoride modified diet" is a specific dietary restriction/modification to control fluoride intake, which falls within the ICHI concept of modifying food/dietary content (UAB = Interventions on food; DA = modification). However, UAB.DA.ZZ is broader, covering any food modification without specificity to fluoride or diet prescription context.
710161003 (Fluoroscopic angiography and atherectomy of artery of lower limb with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BB (Angiography of artery of lower limb)This SNOMED concept encodes a combined procedure — fluoroscopic angiography with contrast plus atherectomy (plaque removal) of a lower limb artery — but ICHI has no single code combining both; IFA.BA.BB captures the angiography component and is the closest single code, but is broader as it omits the concurrent atherectomy (which would correspond most closely to IFA.JE.AA, endarterectomy). The two procedures would need two separate ICHI codes to be fully represented.
432425005 (Fluoroscopic angiography of axillary artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb)ICHI captures the stenting procedure (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion) via an endovascular approach at the upper limb artery level, but does not distinguish the axillary artery specifically. The fluoroscopic angiography guidance and the specific vessel are both subsumed into the broader ICHI code.
434364005 (Fluoroscopic angiography of brachial artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb)As with the axillary artery concept, ICHI does not have a brachial-artery-specific stenting code; ICA.LH.AF is the best available match, covering all upper limb artery percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device (stent) insertion, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
433200009 (Fluoroscopic angiography of brachiocephalic artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIDA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of thorax)The brachiocephalic trunk arises from the aortic arch and is classified as a thoracic artery in ICHI anatomy; IDA.LH.AF is the closest available code, but covers all thoracic arteries rather than the brachiocephalic trunk specifically, and does not encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance.
432785007 (Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent)maps to wider conceptIBB.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.LH.AF is the most specific ICHI code available, targeting the extracranial carotid artery with percutaneous transluminal dilatation and device insertion, which aligns well with carotid stenting; however, ICHI does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from plain stents, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic angiography component explicitly.
433591001 (Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft)maps to wider conceptIBB.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial)ICHI covers carotid stenting at the extracranial level but does not differentiate a stent graft (covered stent) from a bare-metal stent, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
431451009 (Fluoroscopic angiography of common femoral artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous stent insertion into any artery of the lower limb, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the common femoral artery; additionally, ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance as a composite element of the therapeutic code.
431733007 (Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LH.AF covers percutaneous stent insertion into any abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the inferior mesenteric artery; ICHI also does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from plain stents at the code level, so both the vessel specificity and device subtype granularity are lost.
433777005 (Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LH.AF captures percutaneous device insertion into an abdominal or pelvic artery and is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not differentiate a stent-graft (covered stent used for endovascular repair) from a bare-metal stent, and the vessel specificity to the inferior mesenteric artery is also not captured, making the ICHI code broader.
418658009 (Fluoroscopic angiography of lower limb artery with contrast and insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF matches the target anatomy (artery of lower limb) and the therapeutic action (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion, i.e., stent), but is wider because ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance as part of the procedure code and the "device" in the ICHI title encompasses any intravascular device, not exclusively a stent.
431489004 (Fluoroscopic angiography of pulmonary artery with contrast with pressure measurement)maps to wider conceptHID.BA.BB (Angiography of pulmonary artery)HID.BA.BB covers angiography of the pulmonary artery with contrast (fluoroscopic angiography maps to this code via the BB means axis), but the ICHI code does not capture the additional pressure measurement component performed during the same procedure. No dedicated ICHI code exists for pulmonary artery pressure measurement, so the imaging code is the best single match, making it wider than the full SNOMED concept.
434545000 (Fluoroscopic angiography of radial artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb)The radial artery is a specific artery of the upper limb, and stent insertion via a percutaneous/fluoroscopic approach maps well to ICA.LH.AF; however, the ICHI code is broader (covers all upper limb arteries, not just radial) and does not distinguish stents from other devices.
432427002 (Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal artery group, and percutaneous stent placement via fluoroscopy fits IEA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from other intravascular devices.
433736006 (Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)Stent graft insertion into the superior mesenteric artery is an endovascular procedure that maps to IEA.LH.AF (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery); the ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish stent grafts from plain stents, and covers the entire abdominal/pelvic artery group rather than the specific superior mesenteric artery.
434649001 (Fluoroscopic angiography of ulnar artery using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb)The ulnar artery is a specific artery of the upper limb, and fluoroscopic stent insertion maps to ICA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries rather than the ulnar artery specifically, and uses "device" broadly rather than specifying a stent.
429794009 (Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and thrombolysis of aorta and femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb)IFA.DB.AF captures the femoral artery thrombolysis component, but the SNOMED concept also specifies thrombolysis of the aorta (a second vessel) and fluoroscopic angiography guidance; no single ICHI code covers both vessel targets together, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept in vessel scope while also being narrower in not encoding the imaging component.
1336164005 (Fluoroscopic lymphangiography of mediastinal lymph node group with contrast)maps to wider conceptDFE.BA.BB (Lymphogram of mediastinal lymph node)DFE.BA.BB covers imaging (lymphogram) of the mediastinal lymph node, which captures the target anatomy and the imaging nature of the procedure. However, the ICHI code does not specify the fluoroscopic modality or the use of contrast medium, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1336163004 (Fluoroscopic lymphangiography of para-aortic lymph node group with contrast)maps to wider conceptDFF.BA.BB (Lymphogram of abdominal or pelvic lymph node)Para-aortic lymph nodes are located in the retroperitoneal abdominal region and fall within ICHI's "abdominal or pelvic lymph node" grouping (DFF). The ICHI code is broader in two respects: it does not specify fluoroscopy or contrast medium, and it covers the entire abdominal/pelvic lymph node region rather than the para-aortic group specifically.
431298004 (Fluoroscopic myelogram of lumbar spine with cervical puncture)maps to wider conceptABG.BA.BB (Contrast myelogram of spinal canal)ABG.BA.BB is the ICHI code for a contrast myelogram of the spinal canal, which directly matches the core procedure (contrast imaging of the spinal canal). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the lumbar spine target region or the cervical puncture access route that are specified in the SNOMED concept.
419992002 (Fluoroscopic nephrostography)maps to wider conceptNAA.BA.BB (X-ray of kidney with contrast medium)Nephrostography is fluoroscopic imaging of the kidney/renal collecting system through a nephrostomy tube with contrast; NAA.BA.BB (x-ray of kidney with contrast) is the closest ICHI category available, capturing both the renal target and the use of contrast medium. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify fluoroscopy as the modality, the percutaneous stoma route of contrast administration, or the nephrostomy-specific context.
433764001 (Fluoroscopic venography of basilic vein using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb)ICD.LH.AF covers stent insertion into any vein of the upper limb, which includes the basilic vein, but does not capture the specific vessel nor the concurrent fluoroscopic venography with contrast. The ICHI code is broader on both the target specificity and the combined imaging component.
434308005 (Fluoroscopic venography of brachial vein using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb)The brachial vein is a vein of the upper limb, making ICD.LH.AF the appropriate anatomical match for the stenting component, but ICHI does not distinguish the brachial vein specifically nor encode the concomitant fluoroscopic venography.
429795005 (Fluoroscopic venography of brachiocephalic vein with contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIDB.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of thorax)The brachiocephalic vein (innominate vein) is anatomically classified under thoracic veins, so IDB.LH.AF is the best-fit stenting code; it is broader because it covers all thoracic veins and does not capture the fluoroscopic venography component.
433778000 (Fluoroscopic venography of cephalic vein using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptICD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb)The cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb, correctly falling under ICD.LH.AF, but the code is broader in that it does not specify the cephalic vein or capture the fluoroscopic venography with contrast.
763469008 (Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of metallic stent graft)maps to wider conceptIEF.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches)The mesenteric vein (superior and inferior) are tributaries of the portal venous system and fall within the "portal vein and branches" target in ICHI; IEF.LH.AF is the closest stenting code, though it is broader than the specific mesenteric vessel and does not capture the fluoroscopic venography or the "metallic stent graft" specificity.
434367003 (Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of stent graft)maps to wider conceptIED.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic vein)The mesenteric vein is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and endovascular stent grafting is a form of vascular reconstruction, making IED.ML.AA the closest available code. ICHI is broader in two respects: it covers all abdominal/pelvic veins (not specifically the mesenteric) and the term "reconstruction" encompasses open and endovascular techniques rather than being limited to stent graft insertion.
433026007 (Fluoroscopic venography of popliteal vein using contrast with insertion of stent)maps to wider conceptIFD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb)The popliteal vein is a vein of the lower limb, and stent insertion via a percutaneous transluminal approach is well captured by this code. ICHI is wider because it covers any lower limb vein (not specifically popliteal), refers to any device (not just a stent), and bundles dilatation with device insertion as a combined action.
419031005 (Fluoroscopic venography with contrast and embolization of testicular vein)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)The testicular (gonadal) vein is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and the therapeutic component of this procedure is endovascular embolisation, which IED.LA.AF captures precisely in terms of both action and approach. The code is wider because it encompasses all abdominal/pelvic veins rather than specifically the testicular vein, and it does not distinguish embolisation from simple occlusion.
709857008 (Fluoroscopy guided aortic aneurysm repair with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)Fluoroscopy-guided aortic aneurysm repair most commonly refers to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the abdominal aorta via percutaneous transluminal delivery of a stent graft device, which HIH.DL.AF represents as closely as ICHI allows. The code is wider because it applies to any device insertion into the abdominal aorta (not specifically aneurysm repair) and does not capture the diagnostic imaging or the aneurysm-specific indication.
872511000000100 (Fluoroscopy guided application of external fixator on bone of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRB.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a code specifically for "bone of lower limb" as a target; individual lower limb bones each have a dedicated code, so MRB.LC.AE (unspecified site, percutaneous approach) best represents the non-specific lower limb bone stated in the SNOMED concept. The code is wider as it covers any skeletal site rather than being limited to lower limb.
872501000000102 (Fluoroscopy guided application of external fixator on bone of upper limb)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies an external fixator applied under fluoroscopy guidance to an upper limb bone; PMA.LC.AH captures the upper limb target and device application action but does not distinguish the fixator type, the specific bone, or the fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader.
1147151000000103 (Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of bilateral bronchi)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus which is the closest structural match in ICHI; it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, balloon technique, or the bilateral nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
702554006 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of an unspecified lymph node, which closely aligns with a fluoroscopy-guided (percutaneous) biopsy of a lymph node; the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy as the imaging guidance modality, and the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier indicates it covers residual unspecified sites, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
433172009 (Fluoroscopy guided cardiac ablation with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AF matches the percutaneous/fluoroscopy-guided transluminal approach and the ablation of cardiac conductive tissue; however, it does not capture the use of contrast medium, and it specifically targets the cardiac conduction system rather than the full range of cardiac ablation targets, making it broader relative to the full SNOMED specificity.
431470004 (Fluoroscopy guided cecostomy)maps to wider conceptKBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)ICHI does not have a dedicated cecostomy code; KBP.LI.AA (Colostomy) is the closest available code as it represents surgical stoma creation on the colon, under which the cecum falls anatomically, but it is broader because it does not specify the cecal site or the fluoroscopic guidance technique used.
432114008 (Fluoroscopy guided closure of atrial septal defect with contrast)maps to wider conceptHAD.ML.AF (Percutaneous transluminal closure of interatrial communication with device)HAD.ML.AF captures the percutaneous, device-based closure of an interatrial communication (i.e., atrial septal defect) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that is central to the SNOMED concept. ICHI is therefore broader — the procedure substance matches well, but the imaging modality detail is absent.
709981002 (Fluoroscopy guided coronary artery atherectomy with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)ICHI has no specific atherectomy code; HIA.JE.AF is the closest available code, covering endovascular removal of obstruction from a coronary artery, which encompasses atherectomy as a technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish atherectomy from other extraction methods, and omits the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance detail.
1333885004 (Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of left bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic (bronchoscopic) dilatation of the bronchus, which is the closest ICHI code to balloon dilation; however, it does not distinguish left from right bronchus, does not specify the cutting balloon technique, and does not encode fluoroscopic guidance — making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1333886003 (Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of right bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic bronchial dilatation generally but lacks laterality (right vs. left), cutting balloon specificity, and fluoroscopic guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1344708003 (Fluoroscopy guided dilation of mature percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract)maps to wider conceptKCM.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of biliary duct)KCM.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the biliary duct broadly, which aligns with the procedure's core action and target. However, the SNOMED concept is more specific — it specifies fluoroscopy guidance, a "mature" percutaneous transhepatic drainage tract as the approach, and the biliary drainage tract (rather than the duct itself) as the target, making the ICHI code broader.
1345261004 (Fluoroscopy guided dilation of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of urethra)NAM.LG.AA directly matches the target (urethra) and action (dilatation), but it does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI has no means code for fluoroscopy-guided urethral dilatation specifically, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287926004 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of head with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)IBA.LA.AF covers the extracranial arteries of head and neck combined, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to arteries of the head only; additionally, ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means, making the ICHI code broader in both anatomical scope and procedural detail.
1287927008 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of neck with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)IBA.LA.AF is the only ICHI category covering extracranial arteries of the head and neck region — ICHI does not separate neck arteries from head arteries at this level — so the code is anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets neck arteries specifically. Fluoroscopy guidance with contrast is also not captured in the ICHI means axis.
709660004 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of pelvis with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which precisely matches the anatomical target and the embolization procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that is specified in the SNOMED concept.
709662007 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of portal vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches)IEF.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation of the portal vein and branches, matching the anatomical target and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium as defined in the SNOMED concept.
702671002 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of spinal artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated target for the spinal artery — it is not grouped under intracranial, thoracic, or abdominal/pelvic arterial blocks — so the NEC residual code IZA.LA.AF is the best available match for endovascular embolisation of this vessel. The ICHI code is wider both because it is an NEC residual covering any unclassified artery and because it omits fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.
431626004 (Fluoroscopy guided endocardial ablation of pulmonary vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIE.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary vein isolation)HIE.GA.AF represents percutaneous (catheter-based) pulmonary vein isolation via ablation — the same fundamental procedure as endocardial pulmonary vein ablation — and the AF means code (percutaneous transluminal) corresponds to the endovascular/endocardial approach used in this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast and "isolation" is a broader functional descriptor than the specific ablation modality named in SNOMED.
1344707008 (Fluoroscopy guided endovascular repair of aneurysm of iliac artery using stent graft with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)The iliac artery is a subdivision of the abdominal or pelvic artery group, and stent graft placement for aneurysm repair fits within percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries, does not specify aneurysm repair as the indication, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance or contrast use explicitly.
703093003 (Fluoroscopy guided esophageal stent procedure)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)A stent is a device inserted into the oesophagus, making KBA.DL.AC the best available match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any device insertion (not specifically a stent), and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance approach.
703067005 (Fluoroscopy guided feeding tube procedure)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)Fluoroscopy-guided feeding tube placement most commonly involves gastric positioning, and KBF.DL.AC (insertion of device into stomach) is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify a tube/feeding device, does not capture fluoroscopic guidance, and feeding tubes may also terminate in the duodenum or jejunum rather than the stomach.
710207006 (Fluoroscopy guided incision of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.FA.AA (Cystotomy)NAI.FA.AA (cystotomy = incision of urinary bladder) correctly identifies the target organ and the incision action, but the ICHI code does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept.
719604002 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of bioabsorbable arterial stent with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into an unspecified artery, which aligns with inserting an arterial stent, but ICHI does not distinguish the bioabsorbable material, the stent device type, or the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality.
710132004 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)A catheter is a device inserted percutaneously via transluminal access into an artery, fitting IZA.DL.AF, but ICHI does not capture the catheter device type specifically nor the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance method; the code applies to any artery NEC rather than a specific vessel.
1331906009 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of peritoneal drain into peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)KMA.JB.AE accurately captures percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which corresponds to inserting a peritoneal drain, but the ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance used in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
440448005 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of stent graft into iliac artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion (which includes stent grafts) into lower limb arteries, which encompasses the iliac artery; however, ICHI groups all lower limb arteries together rather than specifying the iliac artery, and does not distinguish a stent graft from other devices or encode the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance.
432117001 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of temporary superior vena cava filter with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIB.DL.AA (Insertion of filter in superior vena cava)HIB.DL.AA directly captures the target (superior vena cava), action (insertion), and object (filter), making it the best available match. However, the ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast or the temporary nature of the filter, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
431781000 (Fluoroscopy guided insertion of tunneled dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code specifically addresses dialysis catheter or tunneled catheter insertion; the closest match is the NEC percutaneous transluminal device-into-vein code, which captures the access route (percutaneous/transluminal) and general action but lacks specificity for the tunneled technique, dialysis purpose, and fluoroscopic guidance.
1148824000 (Fluoroscopy guided intradiscal biacuplasty)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)Biacuplasty is a bipolar radiofrequency thermal ablation technique applied within the intervertebral disc; MBV.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the destructive/ablative action on the disc at an unspecified spinal level, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific biacuplasty technique, fluoroscopic guidance, or spinal level.
710797004 (Fluoroscopy guided intramedullary nailing of fracture of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)No dedicated ICHI code for intramedullary nailing exists as an assignable category code; MRB.DN.AE captures percutaneous implantation of a device into bone at an unspecified site, which aligns with the core action, but does not encode the fracture indication, the intramedullary route specifically, or fluoroscopic guidance.
431747006 (Fluoroscopy guided intravascular ultrasound Doppler imaging of coronary artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.BA.AF (Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels)HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels and is the only ICHI code at the coronary artery intravascular imaging level; it does not distinguish the ultrasound/Doppler modality, fluoroscopy guidance, or use of contrast that the SNOMED concept specifies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
702574004 (Fluoroscopy guided intravenous cannulation with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)Intravenous cannulation equates to percutaneous insertion of a device (cannula) into a vein, and the AF means axis (percutaneous transluminal) aligns with fluoroscopy-guided access; however, ICHI does not encode the contrast medium detail and the NEC residual qualifier makes this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
716317007 (Fluoroscopy guided measurement of intravascular pressure with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZE.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.AB.AF captures intravascular pressure measurement of a blood vessel when no more specific vessel code applies, matching the core action and target of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance, contrast medium use, or vessel specificity, making the ICHI code broader.
432047002 (Fluoroscopy guided measurement of pressure of hepatic vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZE.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has named intravascular pressure measurement codes for specific vessels (SVC, IVC, coronary, carotid, aorta) but none for the hepatic vein specifically; IZE.AB.AF is the NEC residual for intravascular pressure measurement and covers the correct action and means, but is broader because it is not specific to the hepatic vein and does not capture the fluoroscopic contrast guidance.
736651009 (Fluoroscopy guided minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion by dorsal approach)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has arthrodesis codes for many named joints (hip, knee, shoulder, ankle, wrist, finger, foot) but no specific code for the sacroiliac joint; MRJ.LE.AA is the NEC residual arthrodesis code and is broader because it does not specify the sacroiliac joint, the dorsal approach, or the fluoroscopic guidance.
736674008 (Fluoroscopy guided minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion by lateral transarticular approach)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)No specific sacroiliac joint arthrodesis code exists in ICHI; MRJ.LE.AA (arthrodesis NEC) is the best available match but does not capture the sacroiliac target, lateral transarticular approach, or fluoroscopic guidance — the lateral vs dorsal approach distinction present in SNOMED has no ICHI equivalent.
431410007 (Fluoroscopy guided nephrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AE (Percutaneous nephrostomy)NAA.LI.AE captures the percutaneous route and the nephrostomy procedure itself, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance component (the specific imaging modality used for guidance), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
912321000000101 (Fluoroscopy guided optical coherence tomography of coronary artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.BA.AF (Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels)HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels and is the best available ICHI match for intracoronary OCT; it does not specify the imaging modality (OCT vs. IVUS) or the use of contrast or fluoroscopy guidance, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1356889009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous ablation of neoplasm of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.GA.AA represents destruction of bone tissue at an unspecified site, which is the closest available ICHI concept for percutaneous ablation of a bone neoplasm; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify percutaneous approach, fluoroscopy guidance, or that the target is a neoplasm rather than other bone tissue.
439536004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous angiography of cerebral artery and insertion of drug eluting stent with contrast)maps to wider conceptIAA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into intracranial artery)This ICHI code captures the dominant therapeutic action — percutaneous transluminal stent insertion into an intracranial (cerebral) artery via an endovascular approach — which aligns with the stent deployment component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the drug-eluting nature of the stent, the fluoroscopy/contrast guidance, or the angiography component.
1359737007 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes aspiration thrombectomy — mechanical endovascular removal of thrombus from an unspecified artery — which corresponds to endovascular extraction of obstruction from an artery. The NEC residual code is required because no body-system-specific thrombectomy code for a generic artery exists in ICHI, and the code does not capture the aspiration technique or fluoroscopic guidance.
439056009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous balloon assisted coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm with contrast)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)Coil embolization of a cerebral aneurysm is an endovascular embolization procedure targeting the intracranial artery, and IAA.LA.AF covers this action and target precisely. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the balloon-remodeling technique, coil-specific means, aneurysm as the specific pathological target, or the fluoroscopy/contrast guidance.
609148003 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of gastric vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)The gastric vein is an abdominal vein, and the procedure is endovascular embolization, so IED.LA.AF is the correct ICHI code for this action-target combination. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all abdominal or pelvic veins rather than specifically the gastric vein, and the fluoroscopic guidance and contrast use are not encoded.
432701001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of hepatic artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LA.AF covers the correct action (embolisation/occlusion) and target class, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the hepatic artery and the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means.
1357782001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of lymphatic vessel with contrast)maps to wider conceptDFO.LA.AF (Percutaneous occlusion of lymphatic vessel)DFO.LA.AF matches target (lymphatic vessel), approach (percutaneous), and action (occlusion), but does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means specified in the SNOMED concept.
723818004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous endopyelotomy)maps to wider conceptNAB.FA.AA (Pyelotomy)Endopyelotomy (incision of the ureteropelvic junction) is a form of pyelotomy; NAB.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not capture the endoscopic/percutaneous approach or fluoroscopy guidance.
609158004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of stent graft into vertebral artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of head and neck)The vertebral artery is an artery of the head and neck; IBA.LH.AF matches the percutaneous approach and device insertion but ICHI has no vertebral-artery-specific code and does not distinguish stent graft from other devices.
439723001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous measurement of cerebral venous sinus pressure with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZE.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific intravascular pressure measurement codes for many vessels but none for the cerebral venous sinuses; IZE.AB.AF correctly captures the measurement action and intravascular approach but is broader in target specificity.
432946009 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of artery of lower limb with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)The IFA (lower limb artery) block contains only an open endarterectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures the endovascular extraction of obstruction action and approach but omits lower-limb anatomical specificity.
431753006 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of mesenteric artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery; IEA.JE.AF captures the endovascular approach and obstruction extraction action but does not distinguish mesenteric artery as a separate target.
433112001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of portal vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches)IEF.JE.AA matches the target (portal vein) and the action (extraction of obstruction); the code is slightly broader because it does not specify the percutaneous/fluoroscopy-guided means.
869261000000104 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of renal artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The renal artery is an abdominal artery and IEA.JE.AF captures the endovascular extraction action and approach; ICHI does not provide a renal-artery-specific variant, so the code is broader in anatomical specificity.
1362120008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous radiofrequency decompression of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of an unspecified intervertebral disc, which captures the procedural concept but does not capture the radiofrequency modality and is at the NEC level rather than specifying a spinal region.
1343418001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous replacement of catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptPZX.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the core procedural act — percutaneous replacement of a device — in its NEC category; this code is broader because it does not specify catheter type, body site, or use of contrast/fluoroscopy guidance.
911601000000106 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous thrombolysis of hepatic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery and there is no hepatic-artery-specific thrombolysis code in ICHI; IEA.DB.AF is the best available match but is wider as it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries.
1331935001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transcatheter embolization of intracranial blood vessel with contrast)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation/occlusion of the intracranial artery; it is slightly wider because it does not distinguish the transcatheter/fluoroscopic approach with contrast and is artery-specific while SNOMED says "blood vessel".
426093007 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of femoral artery with stent using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF captures percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation with stent insertion in a lower limb artery; ICHI is broader because it covers any lower limb artery (not femoral specifically) and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.
431433008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of inferior mesenteric artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LG.AF matches percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an abdominal artery; ICHI is broader because it covers any abdominal/pelvic artery rather than the inferior mesenteric artery specifically.
233272002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superior mesenteric artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LG.AF matches percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an abdominal artery; ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish the superior mesenteric artery from other abdominal/pelvic arteries.
5431005 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LG.AF represents the generic percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation not classified to a specific artery; ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.
276897008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of arteriovenous fistula with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of an arteriovenous fistula; IZA.SN.AF covers management of an AV shunt but is broader in action — it encompasses all management activities, not specifically balloon angioplasty.
700495001 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon occlusion of internal carotid artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.LA.AF covers endovascular occlusion of the extracranial carotid artery (which includes the internal carotid segment); the code groups both embolisation and occlusion together and does not distinguish the balloon technique.
1334045003 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of left internal carotid artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)IBB.AC.AF is a close semantic match — it specifically encodes carotid artery balloon test occlusion via percutaneous/endovascular approach; the code is wider because it does not encode left-sided laterality or fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance.
1334046002 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of right internal carotid artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)IBB.AC.AF captures balloon test occlusion of the carotid artery precisely; wider because it does not encode right-sided laterality or fluoroscopy-with-contrast means.
709983004 (Fluoroscopy guided pleurodesis)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AE (Pleurodesis using percutaneous administration of agent)JCA.GA.AE captures pleurodesis via percutaneous route, aligning with fluoroscopy-guided pleurodesis, but the means axis denotes percutaneous approach generally rather than fluoroscopy specifically.
709980001 (Fluoroscopy guided procedure on fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMC (Interventions on fallopian tube)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any fluoroscopy-guided fallopian tube procedure; no single ICHI category code represents this class as a whole. BlockL5-NMC covers all interventions on the fallopian tube and is the best available match.
431702005 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac pacemaker lead with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AF represents percutaneous transluminal removal of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, matching the target, action, and approach; however, it refers to removal of the entire system rather than specifically a lead.
432648008 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of intravascular foreign body with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.JD.AF captures removal of an intravascular foreign body via transluminal approach; the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy guidance with contrast nor restrict to a particular vessel.
1331902006 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of peritoneal drain from peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)KMA.JD.AE correctly maps the target (peritoneal cavity), action (removal), and percutaneous means; however, the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopy guidance with contrast nor the specific device type (peritoneal drain).
432074001 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of pulmonary artery catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)There is no ICHI code for removal of a device specifically from the pulmonary artery; IZE.JD.AF (blood vessel NEC, transluminal approach) is the best available match but omits vessel specificity, catheter device type, and fluoroscopy guidance.
726547009 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of transhepatic central venous catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from inferior vena cava)Transhepatic central venous catheters route through the liver into the hepatic vein and IVC, making HIC.JD.AF the most appropriate ICHI code; it is wider because it does not capture the transhepatic approach, catheter type, or fluoroscopy guidance.
431678001 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of tunneled central venous catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIB.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava)Tunneled CVCs typically terminate at the SVC–right atrial junction, making HIB.JD.AF the best anatomical fit; it is wider because it does not distinguish the tunneled catheter type or capture fluoroscopy guidance with contrast.
718306003 (Fluoroscopy guided removal of tunneled drain from thorax)maps to wider conceptJCB.JD.AE (Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity)JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via percutaneous approach; the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance nor specify "tunneled" drain as a subtype.
703104003 (Fluoroscopy guided renal artery stent procedure with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for a renal artery stent procedure — the renal artery is an abdominal artery and "insertion of device" maps to stenting; the code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the renal artery specifically.
432632007 (Fluoroscopy guided repair of heart valve with contrast)maps to wider conceptHZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has valve-specific repair codes but the SNOMED concept does not specify which valve; HZZ.MK.AA (repair of heart, NEC) is the most appropriate non-valve-specific match.
448841009 (Fluoroscopy guided replacement of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator with contrast)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AF captures percutaneous transluminal replacement of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, covering ICD replacement; it is wider because it does not specify the biventricular (CRT) subtype, and fluoroscopic guidance is not encoded.
431185003 (Fluoroscopy guided replacement of central venous catheter with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance of intravenous access generally, encompassing catheter replacement; however, it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, contrast use, or that the target is a central venous catheter.
1255968007 (Fluoroscopy guided replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump and intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)ABG.KA.AE captures percutaneous replacement of a device within the spinal canal (intrathecal space); however, it does not distinguish the device type (pump vs catheter) nor encode fluoroscopic guidance.
1255969004 (Fluoroscopy guided replacement of pump segment of intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)ABG.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of a spinal canal device and is the closest available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific (only the pump segment of the catheter) and ICHI does not have a code at that granularity.
713592008 (Fluoroscopy guided retrograde cutting balloon endopyelotomy)maps to wider conceptNAB.FA.AA (Pyelotomy)NAB.FA.AA (pyelotomy) is the closest ICHI code for endopyelotomy; the SNOMED concept adds considerable specificity (retrograde approach, cutting balloon technique, fluoroscopic guidance) which is not captured.
431417005 (Fluoroscopy guided sampling of blood from portal vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA captures blood specimen collection in general; the SNOMED concept specifies sampling from the portal vein using fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous approach with contrast, detail that is absent from the ICHI code.
432786008 (Fluoroscopy guided sampling of blood of vein with contrast)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection generally but does not encode the venous site specificity, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use.
703099004 (Fluoroscopy guided tracheal stent procedure)maps to wider conceptJBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)JBA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the trachea via percutaneous approach, including fluoroscopy-guided tracheal stenting; it is broader as it encompasses any tracheal device and does not specifically encode stent placement.
710285001 (Fluoroscopy guided transarterial chemoembolization with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)TACE is performed via the hepatic artery (an abdominal artery), making IEA.LA.AF the closest anatomical match; the ICHI code does not encode the chemotherapy component, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use.
703100007 (Fluoroscopy guided ureteric stent procedure)maps to wider conceptNAE.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)ICHI encodes ureteric stent placement as percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion, which is the approach that typically uses fluoroscopy guidance; however, the ICHI code does not specifically name stent as the device type, nor does it explicitly encode the fluoroscopic guidance.
710294007 (Fluoroscopy guided urodynamic study)maps to wider conceptNT2.AC.ZZ (Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated urodynamic study code; NT2.AC.ZZ captures the functional testing nature of urodynamics but is a broad NEC residual that does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, multichannel pressure/flow measurement, or the specific urodynamic methodology.
703106001 (Fluoroscopy guided vascular stent procedure)maps to wider conceptIZA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LH.AF is the arterial NEC residual covering unspecified artery stenting, but it does not distinguish stent from other devices, does not cover venous stenting, and does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance.
420005003 (Fluoroscopy of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.BA.BA (X-ray of trachea, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has only a single plain X-ray NEC code for the trachea and no fluoroscopy-specific or contrast imaging code, so JBA.BA.BA is the closest available match but is broader as it does not distinguish dynamic fluoroscopic imaging from static plain radiography.
1344611006 (Fluoroscopy of tracheobronchial tree with contrast)maps to wider conceptJBB.BA.BB (Other contrast bronchogram)JBB.BA.BB covers contrast imaging of the bronchus, the closest ICHI match for a contrast fluoroscopy of the tracheobronchial tree; it is slightly broader as a NEC residual and does not explicitly capture the tracheal component.
252196000 (Fluoxymesterone suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)Fluoxymesterone suppression is a pharmacological challenge test of endocrine function; ICHI has no specific hormone suppression test code, so the best available match is the general assessment of endocrine gland functions, which is considerably broader.
395138001 (Flush ligation of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no specific code for ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery; IEA.LA.AA covers open occlusion (which includes surgical ligation) of any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it the best structural match but not specifying the IMA or the flush technique.
238317004 (Flushing of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JA.AA (Irrigation of peritoneal cavity)ICHI has no specific code for flushing a CAPD catheter; KMA.JA.AA is the closest structural match, capturing the lavage/clearance action in the peritoneal space but not distinguishing catheter maintenance from therapeutic irrigation.
398874009 (Focal photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)Focal photocoagulation is laser-based destruction of discrete chorioretinal lesions; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any destructive method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically laser photocoagulation applied to a focal area.
229163000 (Foot arch exercises)maps to wider conceptMTB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions)Foot arch exercises target the joints and intrinsic muscles of the plantar arch, while MTB.PG.ZZ covers exercise for joint mobility functions without body-part specificity; no foot-specific exercise code exists in ICHI.
385954004 (Foot care assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no foot-specific assessment code; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest musculoskeletal assessment category but covers the entire musculoskeletal system rather than the foot specifically.
119694001 (Foot repair)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MOB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe)"Foot repair" is unspecified as to tissue type; specific repair codes exist for tendon, ligament, bone, and joint of the foot, so the nearest organisational block covering all foot musculoskeletal repair interventions is used as the best available fit.
713833008 (Foot vibration sensation test using tuning fork)maps to wider conceptAVE.AC.ZZ (Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli)The AVE block covers sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli, including vibratory sensation testing; the ICHI code does not specify the instrument (tuning fork) or body site (foot).
713832003 (Foot vibration sensation test using vibrometer)maps to wider conceptAVE.AC.ZZ (Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli)AVE.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for a vibration sensation test, covering the sensory domain but not specifying the instrument (vibrometer) or body site (foot).
1366654006 (Foraminotomy of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)ABN.FC.AA is the closest ICHI code for foraminotomy but does not specify the cervical level — it applies to any spinal level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1366098005 (Foraminotomy of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)ABN.FC.AA aligns closely with foraminotomy of the lumbar spine but is wider because it covers nerve root release at any spinal level, not specifically lumbar, and does not encode the bony enlargement aspect.
302383004 (Forceps delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Forceps delivery is an instrumental assisted vaginal delivery; "Vaginal delivery" is the closest assignable code but is broader, encompassing all vaginal births regardless of instrumentation.
71166009 (Forceps delivery with rotation of fetal head)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)This concept adds fetal head rotation to forceps delivery; ICHI has no combined code for instrumental delivery with rotation, so NME.JF.AC is the best single assignable code, missing both the instrumentation and rotation elements.
171071003 (Foreign travel education)maps to wider conceptVFZ.PM.ZZ (Education to influence other specified health-related behaviours)Foreign travel education is a specific educational intervention preparing patients for health risks abroad; VFZ is the best available target since ICHI has no dedicated travel health axis, making the ICHI code broader.
71604005 (Forensic autopsy, coroner's call)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)PZA.AE.AA is the only autopsy code in ICHI and covers the procedure generically; the SNOMED concept is specifically a forensic/medicolegal autopsy ordered by a coroner, a sub-type that ICHI does not distinguish.
405792009 (Formal psychological therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)"Formal psychological therapy" is a structured clinician-delivered psychotherapeutic intervention not tied to a specific body function or behaviour target; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest non-target-specific psychotherapy code but is a residual NEC category.
18972001 (Formation of artificial anus)maps to wider conceptKBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)The most common surgical creation of an artificial anus is a colostomy; the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (could include colostomy or ileostomy), but colostomy is the canonical procedure and the best single available code.
244608001 (Formation of pericardial baffle, interatrial)maps to wider conceptHAZ.LI.AA (Atrial baffle procedure)HAZ.LI.AA captures the same surgical concept of creating an intra-atrial baffle (as in Mustard/Senning-type repairs) but does not specify the use of pericardium as the baffle material, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
7221002 (Formation of tubed pedicle graft, head and neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafting to the head or neck and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not distinguish the pedicle/tubed technique from other graft types.
65297006 (Fowler tenodesis of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger)MGT.ML.AA covers tendon reconstruction of the hand or finger, encompassing the Fowler tenodesis, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the tenodesis technique or the eponymous Fowler procedure.
385690008 (Fracture care assessment)maps to wider conceptMRB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of bone of unspecified site)MRB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of bone at any unspecified site, broader than fracture-specific assessment; ICHI does not distinguish assessment type (fracture vs. other bone pathology) within this category.
134427001 (Frail elderly assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ represents a general health assessment of the whole person but does not encode the specific focus on frailty or the elderly population; ICHI lacks any dedicated frailty or geriatric-specific assessment code.
34489002 (Free graft to conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)BBA.MK.AA is the best available match in the conjunctiva block, as ICHI has no dedicated code for free grafting to the conjunctiva; the repair code is broader, encompassing various conjunctival repair techniques beyond free grafting.
237012001 (Freeing the posterior arm)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)"Freeing the posterior arm" is a specific obstetric maneuver used during shoulder dystocia to dislodge the impacted posterior shoulder and arm, which is a sub-step within the broader process of vaginal delivery. No ICHI code exists for this specific intrapartum maneuver; NME.JF.AC is the closest procedural context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
171826007 (Freeze dried muscle graft to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a category, but the SNOMED concept specifies the graft material (freeze-dried muscle) which is a more granular detail not captured in the ICHI code.
284037002 (Fresh gas oxygen concentration monitoring)maps to wider conceptJTB.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of respiration function)Fresh gas oxygen (FiO2) monitoring is a specific anaesthesia/airway monitoring activity that falls within respiratory function monitoring; JTB.AI.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but substantially broader, covering all monitoring of respiration function.
22619006 (Frommel operation on uterine ligaments)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)The Frommel operation is a specific technique involving shortening/plication of the round ligaments to achieve uterine suspension, whereas NME.LC.AA covers uterine suspension broadly without specifying ligament or technique.
178411007 (Frontofacial advancement)maps to wider conceptMAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)Frontofacial advancement (monobloc / Le Fort III type osteotomy advancing forehead and midface as a unit) involves reconstruction of multiple facial bones; ICHI has no specific code, and MAB.ML.AA is the closest available code covering reconstruction of unspecified facial bone.
236894009 (Frozen embryo transfer)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures broadly (including embryo transfer into the uterus) but does not distinguish between fresh and frozen embryo transfers, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1141683000 (Fructose modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food/diet at the environmental-product level and is the closest ICHI concept, but is substantially broader than a fructose-specific dietary restriction.
27381004 (Fulguration of adenoid fossa)maps to wider conceptDAB.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of adenoid)ICHI has no code specific to fulguration of the adenoid fossa; the closest representable concept is destruction of adenoid lesion/tissue, broader because it does not specify electrosurgical means or the fossa subsite.
361174006 (Fulguration of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AC captures destruction of anal lesion/tissue and is the best match for fulguration of anus; it is wider because the means axis does not specify electrosurgery/fulguration specifically.
45031008 (Fulguration of choroid)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)ICHI has no choroid-only destruction code; BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesion (both choroid and retina together), broader than fulguration of the choroid alone.
24442008 (Fulguration of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)KBA.GA.AA captures destruction of an oesophageal lesion without specifying means, broader than fulguration which specifies electrosurgical destruction.
10590008 (Fulguration of lesion of large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)KBP.GA.AA maps to the colon (the principal large intestine segment) and captures destruction of a lesion without specifying the electrosurgical means; the KBZ (large intestine NEC) block had no destruction code, making the colon code the best fit.
58365005 (Fulguration of lesion of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.GA.AA precisely matches destruction of a small intestine lesion but does not specify electrosurgical (fulguration) means, making it broader in technique.
64971001 (Fulguration of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA matches the retinal target precisely but does not specify electrosurgical (fulguration) means, broader than the SNOMED concept.
75603009 (Fulguration of scrotum)maps to wider conceptNGG.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum)Fulguration is electrosurgical destruction, encompassed by NGG.GA.AH; ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities (cryotherapy, laser, electrosurgery), not exclusively fulguration.
406009 (Fulguration of stomach lesion)maps to wider conceptKBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)Endoscopic destruction of a stomach lesion captures the clinical intent precisely (gastric fulguration is performed endoscopically); ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities, not solely fulguration.
86809007 (Fulguration of tonsillar fossa)maps to wider conceptDAA.GA.AC (Destruction of tonsils)Fulguration of the tonsillar fossa (post-tonsillectomy bed or residual tonsillar tissue) maps to destruction of tonsils, the only tonsil destruction category available; ICHI is wider, covering the full tonsil rather than the fossa subsite and any destructive method.
79843009 (Fulguration of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)Endoscopic destruction of a urethral lesion accurately captures fulguration of the urethra; ICHI is wider as it covers any endoscopic destructive modality, not solely electrosurgical fulguration.
84741009 (Fulguration of urethral caruncle)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra by any method; the SNOMED concept is more specific (fulguration of a caruncle, a benign meatal lesion). The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but does not capture the lesion type or modality.
33757002 (Fulguration of urethral polyps)maps to wider conceptNAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any urethral lesion by any approach or modality; the SNOMED concept is a subset specifying fulguration of a urethral polyp specifically.
62220006 (Fulguration of urinary bladder by suprapubic approach)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AA is the open destruction code for bladder lesion, aligning with the suprapubic open approach; however, it does not specify suprapubic approach or fulguration as the modality.
34082001 (Fulguration of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva by any method; the SNOMED concept specifies fulguration (electrosurgical destruction). The ICHI code captures the same anatomical target but is broader in not specifying the modality.
783282005 (Full thickness autograft of skin to skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the entire head or neck region, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the head; full-thickness/autograft specificity is not captured in the base ICHI code.
783284006 (Full thickness autograft of skin to skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA encompasses skin grafts to both head and neck without distinguishing them, broader than the neck-specific SNOMED concept; the full-thickness autograft detail is not captured in the base ICHI code.
783539008 (Full thickness graft of skin to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.ML.AA is a generic skin graft residual code with no site specification, aligning with the generic SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode full-thickness graft type in the base code.
699576001 (Full thickness graft of skin to skin of hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)LAE.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the entire upper limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the hand; no hand-specific code exists, and full-thickness autograft detail is not encoded in the base code.
27492002 (Full thickness graft of skin to skin of lip)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the head or neck region, broader than the lip-specific SNOMED concept; ICHI does not encode graft thickness in the base code.
15516003 (Full thickness skin transplantation with tube and pedicle)maps to wider conceptXG9JE8 (Pedicle flap)XG9JE8 is an extension/qualifier code for a pedicle flap technique and captures the defining feature of the SNOMED concept (the tubed pedicle flap approach), but does not specify full-thickness skin or a tube configuration.
105385000 (Full-time nursing care at home by private nurse)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)UCH.RG.ZZ encodes provision of personal care support services, the closest ICHI match to home nursing care delivered by a private nurse; broader as it covers personal care provider support generally without specifying home setting, full-time intensity, or nursing role.
1220582003 (Functional endoscopic sinus surgery)maps to wider conceptJAE.JJ.AD (Endoscopic paranasal sinusectomy, not elsewhere classified)FESS is an endoscopic surgical procedure targeting paranasal sinuses; JAE.JJ.AD captures both the endoscopic approach and surgery of paranasal sinuses but maps to the NEC residual block rather than encoding the multi-sinus, function-restoring nature of FESS specifically.
183385001 (Functional psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)"Functional psychotherapy" is a specific psychotherapy modality, but ICHI does not distinguish modalities within psychotherapy; AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeting mental functions broadly.
250197002 (Fungal killing test)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)A fungal killing test (fungicidal activity assay) is a specific type of antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation applied to fungi; XG50T0 covers antimicrobial susceptibility testing broadly across all microorganisms.
104244001 (Fungal subtyping)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)Fungal subtyping refers to strain-level characterisation below species level (molecular typing, MLST), more specific than XG6201's genus/species identification; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
448432008 (Fusion of atlantooccipital joint with internal fixation by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)ICHI has no dedicated atlantooccipital (C0–C1 / craniocervical junction) fusion code; MBA.LE.AA covers the entire cervical column and is therefore broader than this C0–C1 joint fusion with internal fixation by posterior approach.
449378007 (Fusion of cervicothoracic region of spine with internal fixation by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no dedicated cervicothoracic (C7–T1) interventions block; MBZ.LE.AA (spinal fusion NEC) is the most appropriate code as the cervicothoracic region straddles cervical and thoracic blocks.
448024006 (Fusion of joint of cervical spine with internal fixation by anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)MBA.LE.AA covers fusion of the cervical spine as a whole and does not differentiate anterior from posterior approach or the presence of internal fixation; the SNOMED concept is more specific (ACDF-style anterior approach with instrumentation).
448515007 (Fusion of joint of cervical spine with internal fixation by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)MBA.LE.AA represents cervical spine fusion without distinguishing surgical approach or internal fixation; both anterior and posterior cervical fusion map to the same ICHI code with approach detail only recoverable via extension codes.
449448002 (Fusion of joint of lumbar spine with internal fixation by anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine but ICHI does not encode internal fixation hardware or anterior surgical approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
448240004 (Fusion of joint of lumbar spine with internal fixation by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)MBM.LE.AA captures lumbar fusion correctly but cannot encode the posterior surgical approach or internal fixation instrumentation, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
449447007 (Fusion of joint of thoracic spine with internal fixation by anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.LE.AA (Fusion of thoracic spine)MBG.LE.AA maps to thoracic vertebral column fusion, but ICHI does not encode the anterior approach or internal fixation hardware.
447900003 (Fusion of joint of thoracic spine with internal fixation by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.LE.AA (Fusion of thoracic spine)MBG.LE.AA is the best available ICHI code for thoracic spinal fusion but does not capture the posterior approach or internal fixation component.
68816005 (Fusion of joint with bone graft)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LE.AA is the closest generic joint fusion/arthrodesis code in ICHI; it does not encode the bone graft technique (separate ML action axis) and could apply to non-graft fusion.
410389004 (Gait training surveillance)maps to wider conceptMVG.PH.ZZ (Training of gait pattern)MVG.PH.ZZ covers training of gait pattern but does not capture the "surveillance" (monitoring/oversight) aspect of the SNOMED concept.
435661000124108 (Galactose modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no galactose-specific dietary code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures food modification broadly but is considerably broader than a galactose-restricted diet.
119933008 (Gallbladder manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCF (Interventions on gallbladder)ICHI has no specific manipulation code for the gallbladder; the parent block "Interventions on gallbladder" is the best available match.
229215009 (Games for therapy)maps to wider conceptSXC.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in recreation and leisure)"Games for therapy" is a rehabilitation technique using game-play; SXC.PH.ZZ is the closest available code but covers all recreation/leisure rather than games specifically.
55400002 (Ganglionectomy of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ACA.JK.AA covers excision of the peripheral nerve as a whole, while the SNOMED concept is specifically excision of a ganglion (a discrete node).
46444003 (Gas endarterectomy of lower limb artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA matches the target and action precisely, but the means axis (open approach) does not encode the specific gas technique.
87308003 (Gas endarterectomy of upper limb artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)ICA.JE.AA matches target and action precisely but the means axis does not capture the gas technique.
77770002 (Gasserian ganglionectomy)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no dedicated excision-of-ganglion code; AAN.GA.AA covers permanent ablation of cranial nerve/ganglion tissue and is wider than surgical excision specifically.
13728005 (Gastric analysis)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)No gastric-specific analysis code exists in ICHI; KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly.
408877000 (Gastric care assessment)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)KTE.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI assessment code for digestive function but covers the entire digestive system rather than gastric care specifically.
167191003 (Gastric function tests)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)KT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the entire digestive system; no stomach-specific functional test code exists in ICHI.
252226000 (Gastrin stimulation test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists for a gastrin/secretin stimulation test specifically; KT2.AC.ZZ is far broader than this provocative biochemical test.
387865007 (Gastrocentesis)maps to wider conceptKBF.JB.AC (Drainage of stomach)Gastrocentesis is percutaneous needle aspiration; KBF.JB.AC covers drainage of the stomach without specifying the percutaneous puncture approach.
274026006 (Gastrointestinal anastomosis procedure)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any GI anastomosis; KZZ.LB.AA is the broadest intestinal anastomosis NEC available but does not include gastric anastomosis.
280478004 (Gastrointestinal and digestive anastomosis)maps to wider conceptKZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers anastomosis across the entire GI/digestive tract; KZZ.LB.AA is the closest catch-all but is scoped to intestine NEC only.
268367003 (Gastrointestinal breath test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for breath testing; KT2.AC.ZZ encompasses all digestive function tests rather than the specific breath test modality.
302777000 (Gastrointestinal investigation)maps to wider conceptKT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of function of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)A high-level grouping concept; KT2.AA.ZZ is the broadest available digestive function assessment code but does not encompass structural/imaging investigations.
118150001 (Gastrointestinal tract excision)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)ICHI encodes GI excisions at individual organ level; the organisational block is wider, covering all intervention types on the GI tract rather than excision alone.
431202009 (Gastrojejunostomy conversion from gastrostomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)KBF.LB.AA is the closest stomach anastomosis code; it does not specify the jejunum, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the conversion-from-gastrostomy context.
433024005 (Gastrojejunostomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)KBF.LB.AA is the most specific stomach anastomosis code; it does not specify the jejunum as the distal segment or the fluoroscopic guidance technique.
387869001 (Gastromyotomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)Gastromyotomy is an incision into the muscular layer of the stomach; KBF.FA.AA is a general stomach incision and does not capture the muscular layer specificity.
183216008 (Gastrostomy bag fitting)maps to wider conceptPTA.SN.AC (Management of gastrostomy)ICHI has no specific code for fitting a gastrostomy bag; PTA.SN.AC covers gastrostomy management broadly.
736157007 (Gastrostomy tube insertion education)maps to wider conceptPTA.PM.ZZ (Gastrostomy education)"Gastrostomy education" covers all education on gastrostomy broadly; the SNOMED concept is specifically education about tube insertion technique.
385807002 (Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care assessment)maps to wider conceptPTA.AA.ZZ (Gastrostomy assessment)PTA.AA.ZZ matches the gastrostomy component but ICHI has no nasogastric tube assessment code; the dual-scope SNOMED concept is only partially covered.
385808007 (Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care education)maps to wider conceptPTA.PM.ZZ (Gastrostomy education)PTA.PM.ZZ covers gastrostomy education but ICHI has no equivalent for nasogastric tube education, missing that component entirely.
385809004 (Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care management)maps to wider conceptPTA.SN.AC (Management of gastrostomy)PTA.SN.AC covers gastrostomy management but does not extend to nasogastric tube care; only the gastrostomy half of the compound SNOMED concept is captured.
385811008 (Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube insertion education)maps to wider conceptPTA.PM.ZZ (Gastrostomy education)PTA.PM.ZZ covers gastrostomy education but ICHI has no equivalent for nasogastric tube insertion education, so only one half of the SNOMED concept is captured.
173778009 (Gastrotomy and ligation of bleeding point of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)KBF.FA.AA covers the open gastrotomy access but does not capture the ligation of a bleeding point; no ICHI code combines open gastrotomy with gastric haemostasis.
66615003 (General day care of child)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no paediatric day care code; the unspecified whole-person health management encounter is far broader, covering any patient and any encounter type.
33758007 (General night care of child)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no nocturnal paediatric care concept; the unspecified whole-person encounter is much broader, covering any health encounter for any patient.
1290178004 (General practitioner led antenatal care)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI captures monitoring of pregnancy-related functions but not the GP-led care-provider specificity or the multidimensional scope (assessment, education, counselling) of antenatal care.
169622009 (General practitioner unit delivery booking)maps to wider conceptNUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning)"Birth planning" is the closest concept to delivery booking but covers all birth planning activity rather than the administrative act of booking a GP-led delivery unit.
183381005 (General psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PQ.ZZ targets the whole person (non-organ-specific) but is a residual "not elsewhere classified" category rather than an explicit general-psychotherapy designation.
232534004 (Geniotubercle advancement)maps to wider conceptMAG.FA.AA (Osteotomy of mandibular bone)ICHI has no dedicated geniotubercle advancement code; MAG.FA.AA covers any mandibular osteotomy regardless of site or purpose, making it broader than the specific genial-tubercle procedure.
363134007 (Genitourinary system incision)maps to wider conceptNZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the genitourinary system, unspecified)ICHI has no single genitourinary incision code (incisions are organ-specific); NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest genitourinary catch-all but covers all intervention types, not just incision.
401196007 (Get up and go test)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The Timed Up and Go test assesses gait, balance, sit-to-stand, and turning; MVG.AC.ZZ captures the gait component but is broader as it covers any gait pattern testing.
76066005 (Gilliam operation on uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)The Gilliam operation is a specific round-ligament uterine suspension technique; ICHI captures the uterine suspension procedure class but not the named Gilliam variant.
113136009 (Gingival curettage, surgical, per quadrant)maps to wider conceptKAG.JJ.AC (Partial excision of gingiva)Surgical gingival curettage aligns with partial gingival excision, but ICHI does not capture the per-quadrant granularity or the curettage-specific technique.
85511002 (Give bedpan, remove and clean)maps to wider conceptSMD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with toileting)Providing, removing and cleaning a bedpan falls under practical toileting support, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of physical assistance with toileting.
18325007 (Give urinal, remove and clean)maps to wider conceptSMD.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of toileting)The urinal nursing task fits within the toileting activity domain, but SMD.RA.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all toileting tasks rather than this specific urinal-provision sub-task.
225070006 (Giving antiseptic mouthwash)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)An antiseptic mouthwash is a topical application of an antimicrobial agent, but PZA.DB.AH applies to any body surface and any pharmacotherapy with no specific oral antiseptic code.
170946006 (Glaucoma monitoring)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)Glaucoma monitoring is a structured surveillance programme (IOP, visual field, optic nerve) for a specific condition; BZZ.AA.AH covers eye assessment in general without disease-specific or monitoring connotation.
71749001 (Glenoid bone block)maps to wider conceptMDB.ML.AA (Bone graft to shoulder region)A glenoid bone block (e.g. Latarjet) is a shoulder-stabilising bone graft to the glenoid; MDB.ML.AA captures the shoulder bone graft but does not specify the glenoid target, stabilisation intent, or technique.
52151009 (Glossectomy)maps to wider conceptKAB.JJ.AC (Partial glossectomy)The unqualified SNOMED concept "glossectomy" covers partial, complete, and radical resection; KAB.JJ.AC is specifically partial glossectomy, the most common clinical default but narrower in scope.
103774002 (Glucagon tolerance test)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)The glucagon tolerance test is a specific endocrine provocation test for pituitary-adrenal/GH reserve; ICHI has no endocrine stimulation test codes, so this general metabolic assessment is substantially broader.
313194008 (Glucose load test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A glucose load test is a specific provocative pancreatic beta-cell function assessment; ICHI has no dedicated code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the closest but considerably wider.
69125006 (Glucose measurement, CSF)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.XE (Specimen collection from spinal canal)ICHI has no analyte-specific CSF measurement code; ABG.AH.XE captures the CSF specimen-collection step but does not specify glucose as the analyte or the measurement purpose.
359772000 (Glucose monitoring at home)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI has no home self-monitoring of blood glucose code; ETB.AA.ZZ covers metabolic assessment broadly but lacks the glucose, blood, and home/self-management specifics.
113076002 (Glucose tolerance test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The oral glucose tolerance test is a specific endocrine/pancreatic function assessment; ICHI has no dedicated code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the closest available but much wider.
1255228001 (Goat milk free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no allergen-exclusion diet code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures dietary modification broadly but is far wider than the specific goat-milk exclusion.
58568008 (Goldthwaite operation for ankle stabilization)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no ankle-specific joint stabilisation code (LC action exists for shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, patella, foot/toe but not ankle); MRJ.LC.AA is the only available stabilisation code, lacking the ankle target.
252200005 (Gonadotrophin releasing hormone test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A GnRH stimulation test assesses pituitary-gonadal axis responsiveness; ICHI has no specific GnRH provocation code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the best available but much broader.
1363279008 (Goniopuncture of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AC (Goniopuncture without goniotomy)BBE.LI.AC exactly captures the goniopuncture procedure on the anterior chamber but does not encode laterality; left-eye specificity would require an ICHI extension code.
1363278000 (Goniopuncture of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AC (Goniopuncture without goniotomy)BBE.LI.AC exactly captures the goniopuncture procedure on the anterior chamber but does not encode laterality; right-eye specificity would require an ICHI extension code.
359577008 (Goniotomy with goniopuncture)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has BBE.LI.AC for goniopuncture alone, but no combined goniotomy+goniopuncture code; BBE.LI.AA is the parent category covering this combined intervention to facilitate aqueous outflow.
235384004 (Gracilis sling operation)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)The gracilis sling uses gracilis muscle to suspend the bladder neck/urethra for stress incontinence; NAK.LC.AA captures the suspension target but ICHI does not encode the autologous muscle-sling technique.
783283000 (Graft of skin to neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to the combined head-or-neck region, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies neck only.
287645004 (Graft of skin to skin of breast)maps to wider conceptLAB.ML.AA (Skin graft to trunk)The breast skin sits anatomically within the trunk; ICHI has no breast-skin-specific graft code, so LAB.ML.AA (trunk skin graft) is broader than the SNOMED concept.
702372001 (Graft of skin to skin of forehead)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)ICHI has no forehead-specific skin graft code; LAA.ML.AA covers the entire head-or-neck region.
783276007 (Graft of skin to skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA matches procedure type and main region but also includes the neck, making it slightly broader than the head-only SNOMED concept.
309424005 (Graft of skin to skin of nasolabial fold)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)The nasolabial fold lies on the face within the head/neck region; ICHI has no nasolabial-fold-specific code, so LAA.ML.AA is broader.
30373005 (Grafting of bone of clavicle)maps to wider conceptMDB.ML.AA (Bone graft to shoulder region)The clavicle is part of the shoulder region; ICHI has no clavicle-specific bone graft code, so MDB.ML.AA encompasses scapula and other shoulder bones in addition to the clavicle.
17725007 (Grafting of bone of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.ML.AA (Bone graft to forearm)MFB.ML.AA covers both radius and ulna together; ICHI has no radius-specific bone graft code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
35713003 (Grafting of bone of spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)ICHI codes vertebral bone grafts by region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) with no single code covering the spine as a whole; the block grouping is the closest unified match.
64208002 (Grafting of bone of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.ML.AA (Bone graft to forearm)MFB.ML.AA covers both radius and ulna; ICHI has no ulna-specific bone graft code.
439018008 (Grafting of bone to iliac crest with microvascular anastomosis)maps to wider conceptMKB.ML.AA (Bone graft to pelvis)MKB.ML.AA covers all pelvic bone grafts and does not distinguish iliac crest specifically nor encode the microvascular anastomosis technique definitional to this SNOMED concept.
428440005 (Grafting of bone using autogenous muscle pedicle graft)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI bone graft codes do not differentiate by graft technique or autogenous source, so the unspecified-site code is the closest generic match; the muscle pedicle vascularisation technique is unrepresented.
429324000 (Grafting of bone using autogenous vascularized pedicle graft)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI does not encode the vascularised pedicle technique or autogenous origin; the unspecified-site bone graft code captures only the core action.
429652002 (Grafting of bone using synthetic graft)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI bone graft codes do not distinguish graft material (synthetic vs biological), so the unspecified-site code is the closest available match.
426231000 (Grafting of cartilage to eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI has no eyelid cartilage graft code; BAA.ML.AA encompasses all reconstructive techniques of the eyelid including cartilage grafts.
74096002 (Grafting of cerebral meninges)maps to wider conceptAAC.MK.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges)Meningeal grafting (duraplasty) is a form of repair; AAC.MK.AA covers all repair methods of cerebral meninges without specifying grafting as the means.
72874005 (Grafting of ear cartilage to ear)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)ICHI has no ear-cartilage-graft-specific code; auricular reconstruction with cartilage falls within CAC.ML.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify cartilage as the means.
1363227007 (Grafting of fascia of rectus abdominis muscle)maps to wider conceptMRS.JH.AA (Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft)This captures fascia procurement for grafting, but the specific donor (rectus abdominis) is not encoded; ICHI lacks site-specific fascia procurement codes.
1290279003 (Grafting of fascia to eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)The eyelid block has no fascia-graft-specific code; BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstruction techniques including fascia grafting.
1290280000 (Grafting of fascia to hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.ML.AA encompasses both ligament and fascia of hand or finger; the SNOMED concept specifies fascia only, making the ICHI code broader.
52307007 (Grafting of fibula)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)MNB.ML.AA groups tibia and fibula under a single code, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the fibula alone.
1345177006 (Grafting of gracilis muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has no gracilis-specific or lower-limb muscle graft code; MRM.ML.AA is the residual unspecified-site muscle reconstruction/graft code.
1201778002 (Grafting of metacarpal bone)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)MGB.ML.AA covers all hand/finger bones rather than metacarpals specifically.
129218007 (Grafting of metatarsal)maps to wider conceptMOB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of foot or toe)MOB.ML.AA covers all bones of the foot/toe rather than metatarsals specifically.
68538002 (Grafting of nasal septum)maps to wider conceptJAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty)Septoplasty is the closest ICHI code for reconstructive procedures on the nasal septum and can include grafting techniques, but it is broader and not graft-specific.
439525006 (Grafting of nerve to arm)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting anywhere; ICHI has no arm-specific peripheral nerve graft code.
438368004 (Grafting of nerve to hand)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)ACA.ML.AA captures peripheral nerve grafting without site specification; ICHI has no hand-specific peripheral nerve graft code.
316232007 (Grafting of nipple)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)ICHI has no nipple-specific graft or reconstruction code; LCA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the breast as a whole.
35975006 (Grafting of nose tip)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI has no nose-tip-specific grafting code; JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the entire nose.
250776009 (Grafting of palate for cleft palate repair)maps to wider conceptKAT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of hard palate)ICHI has no cleft-palate-with-graft-specific code; KAT.ML.AA fits the primary site (hard palate) but does not encode the cleft palate indication or grafting technique.
46565006 (Grafting of phalanges of foot)maps to wider conceptMOB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of foot or toe)ICHI has no phalanx-specific foot bone graft code; MOB.ML.AA covers all foot and toe bones.
64321006 (Grafting of phalanges of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)ICHI has no phalanx-specific hand bone graft code; MGB.ML.AA covers all hand and finger bones.
45467006 (Grafting of skin and dermal-fat for breast augmentation)maps to wider conceptLCA.LK.AA (Augmentation mammoplasty, not elsewhere classified)LCA.LK.AA covers breast augmentation broadly; the ICHI code does not encode the specific autologous skin-and-dermal-fat graft technique.
427394003 (Grafting of skin and fat to eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA covers eyelid reconstruction broadly; the ICHI code does not specify the skin-and-fat graft technique.
129217002 (Grafting of tarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of foot or toe)Tarsal bones are bones of the foot; MOB.ML.AA covers all foot/toe bones, broader than tarsals specifically.
1345176002 (Grafting of temporalis muscle)maps to wider conceptMAM.ML.AA (Myoplasty head or neck)MAM.ML.AA covers all head/neck muscle plastic operations including temporalis grafting, but is not temporalis-specific.
63073008 (Grafting of temporalis muscle to orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA is the most site-specific ICHI code (orbit) but does not specify temporalis muscle as the grafted tissue or the technique used.
52369007 (Grafting of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)MNB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the tibia, but ICHI groups tibia together with fibula making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies tibia alone.
1344717003 (Grafting of tissue to lower leg)maps to wider conceptLAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)ICHI's assignable graft code covers the entire lower limb rather than the lower leg specifically, making it broader in anatomical scope. No lower-leg-specific tissue graft code exists in ICHI.
1354618008 (Grafting of tissue to nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptJAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx)The ML (reconstruction/graft) action on the nasopharynx target closely corresponds to tissue grafting, but "reconstruction" is broader and can include techniques other than grafting.
1344720006 (Grafting of tissue to shoulder)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI's integumentary graft code covers the entire upper limb rather than the shoulder specifically, and no shoulder-specific tissue graft category exists; the code is also wider in that it specifies skin rather than generic tissue.
1335736001 (Grafting of tissue to spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of spinal cord)The ML (reconstruction) action on the spinal cord target is the closest ICHI category for tissue grafting to the spinal cord, but "reconstruction" subsumes multiple surgical techniques beyond grafting.
1344607000 (Grafting of tissue to thigh)maps to wider conceptLAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)The thigh is anatomically part of the lower limb, and ICHI's assignable graft code covers the entire lower limb without a thigh-specific subcategory; ICHI also specifies skin while the SNOMED concept is non-specific as to tissue type.
1344722003 (Grafting of tissue to upper arm)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)LAE.ML.AA covers the entire upper limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the upper arm; ICHI also specifies skin graft while SNOMED says "tissue" generically.
1344721005 (Grafting of tissue to wrist)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)LAE.ML.AA is the only available ICHI skin/tissue graft code for the upper limb and necessarily covers the wrist; no wrist-specific graft code exists in ICHI.
55800006 (Grafting of vermilion border of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)KAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lip in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the vermilion border — a precise anatomical subsite of the lip.
439969006 (Grafting to great vessel of thorax with shunt bypass)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI has specific bypass codes for individual thoracic great vessels but none covers grafting to the great vessels of the thorax generically with a shunt bypass component; the parent block is the best available grouping.
35627003 (Grafting to skin of extremity)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has site-specific skin graft codes (LAE for upper limb, LAG for lower limb) but none covers both extremities; LZZ.ML.AA is the NEC residual skin graft code that most broadly captures the procedure.
265488007 (Great vessel and pulmonary artery procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)This SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping; BlockL4-HIA encompasses interventions on the great vessels of the thorax including the pulmonary artery sub-block, though slightly broader as it also includes coronary arteries.
252956001 (Greulich and Pyle bone age assessment)maps to wider conceptMFJ.BA.BA (X-ray of wrist joint)The Greulich and Pyle method uses a plain radiograph of the left hand and wrist; MFJ.BA.BA captures the radiographic procedure but is broader because it does not encode the bone age assessment purpose nor the hand component.
398750002 (Grid photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Grid photocoagulation is a laser-based retinal destruction technique applied in a grid pattern; BCC.GA.AA captures the action and target but is broader as it does not specify the laser/photocoagulation means or the grid pattern.
171006007 (Grieving counseling)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Grieving counseling targets grief and bereavement, which falls under emotional functions; ICHI's AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on grief.
236980007 (Groin traction at breech delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Groin traction is a specific obstetric manoeuvre used to assist breech vaginal delivery, but ICHI only has NME.JF.AC as its closest assignable code; there is no specific code for individual assisted breech manoeuvres.
9782003 (Gross operation, herniorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptPAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)The "Gross operation" is a specific eponymous technique for inguinal herniorrhaphy; ICHI does not distinguish individual named surgical techniques, so the ICHI code is broader than the eponymous SNOMED concept.
76168009 (Group psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI codes do not carry a group-vs-individual delivery axis, so PZB.PQ.ZZ covers both individual and group psychotherapy; the SNOMED concept is narrower (specifically group delivery), making the ICHI code broader.
252201009 (Growth hormone day curve test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no specific code for a growth hormone day curve test or any serial hormone sampling protocol; ETK.AA.ZZ is considerably broader, covering all endocrine gland function assessments.
252202002 (Growth hormone releasing hormone test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI contains no code for a GHRH stimulation test or any pituitary provocation test; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available category as a general endocrine gland function assessment but is far broader than this specific stimulation test.
313775007 (Growth hormone stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no specific code for a growth hormone stimulation (provocation) test; ETK.AA.ZZ covers functional assessment of any endocrine gland and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
410552003 (Guardian interview)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI contains no concept specific to interviewing a guardian or proxy informant; the nearest code is PZB.AN.ZZ, which is an unspecified interview about a patient and does not capture that the interviewee is a guardian.
386315004 (Guilt work facilitation)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Guilt work facilitation is a specific psychosocial intervention; the nearest ICHI code AUD.PP.ZZ covers the broader domain of counselling targeting emotional functions without specifying the emotion or the facilitation technique.
1269445004 (Guselkumab therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Guselkumab is an anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody given subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AE covers percutaneous administration of any immunological agent — correct route/class but does not specify guselkumab or its IL-23 mechanism.
83607001 (Gynecologic examination)maps to wider conceptNMS.AE.AC (Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified)NMS.AE.AC is the closest specific match for a general gynecologic examination but specifies an internal approach; the SNOMED concept does not constrain to internal vs. external, so the ICHI code is wider in the dimensions it covers.
243702000 (Gynecologic examination under general anesthesia)maps to wider conceptNMS.AE.AC (Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code that encodes general anaesthesia as part of a gynaecological examination; NMS.AE.AC captures the examination itself but not the anaesthetic modifier.
54487005 (Gynecologic pelvimetry)maps to wider conceptNMS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for pelvimetry; NMS.AA.ZZ is a residual assessment code for the female genital system and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of pelvic measurement.
170865004 (Gynecological disorder monitoring)maps to wider conceptNMS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no specific monitoring code for gynaecological disorders; NMS.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for the female genital system, broader and not specifically encoding the surveillance nature of monitoring.
252774004 (H-reflex studies)maps to wider conceptMVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes)H-reflex studies are a specific electrophysiological test of the monosynaptic spinal reflex arc; MVB.AC.ZZ covers all motor reflex testing without specifying the H-reflex technique.
301063009 (Hair bearing graft of skin to skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.KD.AA (Hair transplant)LZZ.KD.AA is the closest ICHI code capturing transfer of hair-bearing tissue, but it covers hair transplantation generally without specifying the skin-to-skin graft technique.
177507000 (Hair bearing graft of skin to skin of chin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.KD.AA (Hair transplant)ICHI has no site-specific hair transplant codes for the chin; LZZ.KD.AA is the only available hair transplant code, broader and losing both technique and site specificity.
177506009 (Hair bearing graft of skin to skin of nasolabial area)maps to wider conceptLZZ.KD.AA (Hair transplant)ICHI has no nasolabial site-specific or skin-graft-specific hair transplant code; LZZ.KD.AA is the only ICHI category for hair transplantation and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
177402009 (Hair bearing skin flap to chin area)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated code for a hair-bearing pedicle or local flap to the chin; LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to head/neck broadly but does not distinguish flap from graft, the hair-bearing nature, or the chin sub-site.
229156000 (Hamstring exercises)maps to wider conceptMUB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle power functions)Hamstring exercises are a specific rehabilitation intervention targeting the posterior thigh muscle group for strengthening and conditioning; MUB.PG.ZZ covers exercise assistance for muscle power functions generally without specifying the hamstrings or lower limb.
447969000 (Hamstring release procedure)maps to wider conceptMLM.FA.AA (Myotomy of muscle of thigh)A hamstring release involves incision or division of the hamstring muscle/tendon complex to relieve contracture, which aligns most closely with myotomy (muscle incision) of the thigh; ICHI has no hamstring-specific release code.
367411006 (Hamstring tendon transfer)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for hamstring (thigh) tendon transfer; the closest match is the unspecified-site tendon transfer/transplantation code, which captures the correct action (LJ = tendon transfer) but lacks anatomical specificity to the thigh/knee region.
119665008 (Hand manipulation)maps to wider conceptMGJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of finger or hand joint)MGJ.PA.AH specifically codes manipulation of the finger or hand joint, which is the primary clinical intent of hand manipulation as a procedure; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any hand or finger joint.
119657005 (Hand repair)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)"Hand repair" in SNOMED is a broad, unspecified repair procedure on the hand; the block BlockL4-MGB covering all musculoskeletal interventions on the hand is the closest broader grouping but encompasses far more than repair.
274059009 (Hand tendon operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MGT (Interventions on tendon of hand or finger)The SNOMED concept denotes any unspecified operation on a hand tendon, which maps best to the ICHI block BlockL5-MGT covering all interventions on tendon of hand or finger; the block is slightly wider as it includes finger tendons.
408946003 (Harmful pattern of alcohol use prevention assessment)maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)VAA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of alcohol use behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to prevention assessment targeting a harmful pattern of use; ICHI does not differentiate by pattern severity or preventive intent.
408938004 (Harmful pattern of tobacco use prevention assessment)maps to wider conceptVAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of tobacco use behaviours)VAB.AA.ZZ captures assessment of tobacco use behaviours in general, but does not carry the specificity of a harmful-pattern or prevention-focused assessment that the SNOMED concept conveys.
180837005 (Harvest of bone from skull, full thickness)maps to wider conceptMRB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft)ICHI has no skull-specific bone procurement code, so the closest available code is the unspecified-site fallback; this is broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies the skull as the donor site and specifies full-thickness harvest.
180833009 (Harvest of bone graft from iliac crest)maps to wider conceptMKB.JH.AA (Procurement of pelvic bone for graft)MKB.JH.AA represents procurement of pelvic bone for graft, which encompasses the iliac crest as part of the pelvic region; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all pelvic bone harvest sites.
239325007 (Harvest of bone graft from proximal femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone of femur for graft)MLB.JH.AA directly matches the concept of harvesting femoral bone for use as a graft; the ICHI code is broader because it covers the whole femur without sub-localising to the proximal segment.
427150001 (Harvest of composite of skin and fat)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)ICHI is broader because it covers skin and subcutaneous (fatty) tissue procurement from any body site without specifying site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a composite of skin and fat specifically.
180828005 (Harvest of extensor tendon of toe)maps to wider conceptMRT.JH.AA (Procurement of tendon of unspecified site for graft)ICHI has no procurement code for tendon of foot or toe specifically; MRT.JH.AA is the best available code covering tendon procurement without site restriction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
180758009 (Harvest of flap of skin and muscle of trunk)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes harvesting a combined skin-and-muscle (myocutaneous) flap from the trunk, but ICHI has no code that captures both the flap tissue type and the trunk site together; LZZ.JH.AA is the closest match.
265776009 (Harvest of full thickness skin graft from postauricular region)maps to wider conceptLAA.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The SNOMED concept specifies full-thickness skin graft harvest from the postauricular region, which anatomically falls under head and neck; LAA.JH.AA covers procurement of skin from head or neck but does not specify the postauricular subsite or full-thickness nature.
180843007 (Harvest of graft of skin and nail bed)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for combined skin-and-nail-bed graft procurement; LZZ.JH.AA is the closest available code, but it does not capture the nail bed component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
309069005 (Harvest of muscle flap)maps to wider conceptMRM.JH.AA (Procurement of muscle of unspecified site for graft)MRM.JH.AA covers muscle procurement for graft from an unspecified site, which aligns well with the general concept of harvesting a muscle flap; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the "flap" nature of the harvest.
180826009 (Harvest of palmaris longus tendon)maps to wider conceptMFT.JH.AA (Procurement of tendon of wrist for graft)The palmaris longus is a forearm tendon that passes over the wrist and is the most commonly harvested wrist-region tendon for graft; ICHI's MFT.JH.AA covers any tendon at that site rather than specifically the palmaris longus.
180827000 (Harvest of plantaris tendon)maps to wider conceptMNT.JH.AA (Procurement of tendon of lower leg)The plantaris is a lower-leg muscle with a long slender tendon, commonly harvested for reconstructive grafting; MNT.JH.AA is the correct anatomical block but applies to any lower-leg tendon, not specifically the plantaris.
715693005 (Harvest of radial artery using open approach)maps to wider conceptIZA.JH.AA (Procurement of artery for graft, not elsewhere classified)No specific radial artery procurement code exists in ICHI; IZA.JH.AA is the only artery procurement code and the means axis suffix .AA denotes open approach, but the code covers any artery rather than specifically the radial artery.
180666006 (Harvest of random pattern flap of skin from limb)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement for a flap, but it is wider because it does not specify the anatomical site (limb) or the flap design (random pattern vs axial/pedicle).
180753000 (Harvest of sheet of fascia from abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptMRS.JH.AA (Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft)MRS.JH.AA captures fascia procurement for graft, matching the clinical intent of harvesting fascia as a donor tissue, but it is coded to an unspecified site rather than the abdominal wall specifically.
309065004 (Harvest of skin flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for either a graft or a flap, so it subsumes harvest of a skin flap; however, it is wider because it also covers graft harvest and is site-unspecified.
240986006 (Harvest of skin graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JH.AA (Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for a graft, matching the clinical intent of harvesting a skin graft donor site; it is wider because it also covers flap procurement and is site-unspecified.
1345277003 (Harvest of tendon of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.JH.AA (Procurement of tendon of hand or finger for graft)MGT.JH.AA is an excellent match for harvesting a tendon from the hand for use as a graft; it is wider rather than equivalent because ICHI groups hand and finger together while SNOMED specifies the hand only.
67954006 (Harvesting of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft)ICHI uses "procurement for graft" as its equivalent of harvesting, and the unspecified-site code covers bone harvesting generically; the ICHI code is implicitly scoped to graft purposes, making it slightly broader than a pure "harvesting" concept.
442959004 (Harvesting of sheet of fascia from fascia lata by incision of skin and subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JH.AA (Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft)MRS.JH.AA directly encodes procurement of fascia for graft. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the fascia lata (thigh) site or the open incision approach.
119789006 (Head artery closure)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of head and neck)IBA.LA.AA covers occlusion (closure) of any artery of the head and neck by open approach, the closest equivalent to "head artery closure"; ICHI's target scope (head and neck) exceeds SNOMED's "head artery."
119782002 (Head artery excision)maps to wider conceptIBA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of artery of head and neck)IBA.JJ.AA is the best available excision code for this arterial target but specifies "partial excision" and covers head and neck arteries rather than head arteries alone; no total excision code exists for this segment.
119779007 (Head artery incision)maps to wider conceptIBA.FA.AA (Incision of artery of head and neck)IBA.FA.AA captures incision of an artery in the head and neck region by open approach; the ICHI target scope includes neck arteries in addition to head arteries, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
119799001 (Head artery manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IBA (Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial)ICHI has no dedicated "manipulation" action for arteries; the IBA block is the broadest appropriate container for an unspecified procedural manipulation of a head artery.
119793000 (Head artery repair)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)"Head artery repair" covers carotid, temporal, occipital, and facial arteries as a group; IZA.MK.AA captures the correct action (repair of artery) but loses the head/neck anatomical specificity.
385826005 (Health promotion assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific "health promotion assessment" code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable category covering whole-person assessment, but is broader and lacks the preventive/promotional intent.
385901002 (Hearing aid care assessment)maps to wider conceptUAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living)A hearing aid is an assistive product for personal daily living use; UAD.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all personal-use assistive technology rather than hearing aids specifically.
385902009 (Hearing aid care education)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)UAD.PM.ZZ represents education about personal-use assistive technology products including hearing aids; the code is broader because it encompasses all personal daily living products.
91193004 (Hearing therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-CTB (Interventions on hearing functions)ICHI has no single code for hearing therapy as a therapeutic rehabilitation intervention; the CTB block covers all interventions on hearing functions, broader than the therapeutic intent of the SNOMED concept.
47058000 (Heart transplant with recipient cardiectomy)maps to wider conceptHZZ.KD.AA (Heart transplantation)ICHI has a single heart transplantation code that does not distinguish the orthotopic (with recipient cardiectomy) technique from heterotopic variants; the SNOMED concept is more specific in encoding the cardiectomy component.
53219007 (Heel-to-knee test)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)The heel-to-knee test is a specific bedside cerebellar coordination test; MVD.AC.ZZ captures the functional domain (testing voluntary movement control) but is broader than this specific neurological examination maneuver.
395156001 (Heinz body screen)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)A Heinz body screen is a specific supravital staining test for denatured haemoglobin inclusions; DTA.AC.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for haematological function testing but is considerably broader.
128969008 (Held inspiration)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)"Held inspiration" is a specific voluntary breath-hold respiratory maneuver; JTB.AC.ZZ covers tests of respiration function broadly with no dedicated code for breath-hold maneuvers.
406865001 (Hematein stain method)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)Hematein (hematoxylin-based) staining is a specific histological technique used in microscopy preparation; XG69Q0 is the closest available code but is significantly broader, covering all microscopic examination methods.
108256005 (Hematology staining procedure)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)Hematology staining procedures (Giemsa, Wright's stain) are performed as part of peripheral blood film examination, making XG06E8 the closest contextual match; broader as it encompasses the full examination rather than just the staining step.
39646005 (Hemibody radiotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.GA.BA (Total body irradiation)PZA.GA.BA captures radiotherapy applied to the whole body but specifically represents total body irradiation rather than the half-body field used in hemibody radiotherapy; ICHI has no dedicated hemibody irradiation code.
23580000 (Hemisection of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)Hemisection is the surgical removal of one root and its associated crown portion of a multi-rooted tooth; KAE.JK.AC is the closest available code but covers full tooth extraction via incision rather than the specific partial/hemisection procedure.
302497006 (Hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF covers all forms of renal dialysis including haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and peritoneal dialysis, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies haemodialysis specifically.
68341005 (Hemodialysis, supervision at home)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generically; it does not distinguish modality (haemodialysis vs peritoneal) nor the home/self-care setting, broader than the SNOMED concept.
233581009 (Hemofiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI does not have a distinct code for haemofiltration (CVVH/CRRT); NAA.JC.AF for renal dialysis is the best match as both are extracorporeal blood purification techniques but does not distinguish filtration from diffusion-based dialysis.
271026005 (Hemoglobin level estimation)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ is the best procedural-level ICHI code for measuring haematological system functions, encompassing haemoglobin level estimation; broader as it covers the entire haematological system rather than the specific haemoglobin analyte.
312459000 (Hemoglobin S genotype determination)maps to wider conceptXG06Q8 (Sickle cell testing)XG06Q8 directly references the clinical context of sickle cell disease testing; broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the particular method of HbS genotype determination, while the ICHI code does not constrain to genotyping versus other diagnostic methods.
104720004 (Hemoglobin, unstable measurement)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ covers measurement of any haematological system function and encompasses unstable haemoglobin measurement, but is broader; no ICHI code exists specifically for unstable haemoglobin measurement.
429504003 (Hemoglobinopathy education)maps to wider conceptDTA.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the haematological system)DTA.PM.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code for education about haematological conditions including haemoglobinopathies; broader because it encompasses all haematological system education rather than haemoglobinopathy specifically.
52391000 (Hemolysin detection)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)DTA.AC.ZZ covers tests of haematological system functions under which haemolysin detection falls, but is wider as it encompasses all haematological function tests rather than this specific antibody detection assay.
401297005 (Hemolysis screening test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)A haemolysis screening test is a test of haematological function (red cell integrity and lysis), falling within DTA.AC.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all haematological function tests.
84282008 (Hemorrhoidectomy by simple ligature)maps to wider conceptKBX.LA.AC (Ligation of anal tissue)KBX.LA.AC covers ligation of anal tissue broadly, encompassing rubber band (Barron) ligation of hemorrhoids; the ICHI code is wider as it applies to any anal tissue ligation rather than specifically hemorrhoidal tissue.
401023007 (HEp-2 centromere)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)HEp-2 centromere is a specific ANA immunofluorescence pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering immunological testing broadly but is substantially wider.
401125002 (HEp-2 cytoplasmic pattern)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)HEp-2 cytoplasmic pattern is a specific ANA immunofluorescence staining pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable ICHI category for immunological system testing and does not encode the specific assay or interpretation.
401022002 (HEp-2 nuclear pattern)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)HEp-2 nuclear pattern is a specific ANA immunofluorescence pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the only applicable ICHI code, covering all immunological tests without specificity for HEp-2 substrate or nuclear staining interpretation.
26958001 (Hepatic function panel)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)ICHI has no code for a liver function test panel specifically; KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which encompasses hepatic biochemical function assessment, but is far broader than a targeted hepatic panel.
17254000 (Hepaticolithotomy)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bile duct)Hepaticolithotomy (removal of stones from the hepatic ducts or liver parenchyma) is anatomically distinct from the extrahepatic bile duct, but ICHI has no dedicated code for calculus extraction from the liver or intrahepatic ducts; KCM.JE.AA is the closest available code covering calculus extraction from the biliary system, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
252404004 (Hepatitis A antigen screening)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI contains no specific code for hepatitis A antigen detection or screening; the XG essential laboratory test extension codes cover hepatitis B and C but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ (test of immunological system functions) is the broadest available functional match, encompassing serological/antigen testing, but is far less specific than the SNOMED concept.
697001 (Hepatitis A virus antibody measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no specific code for hepatitis A antibody measurement; the XG extension library includes hepatitis B and C antibody codes but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ represents the best available approximation as a broad immunological system test, covering antibody measurement conceptually but not specifically.
122334006 (Hepatitis A virus RNA assay)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)XG4U02 covers any viral nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT/PCR), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a hepatitis A virus RNA assay. No hepatitis-A-specific nucleic acid test exists in ICHI; this extension code is the closest representable concept.
395160003 (Hepatitis immunity test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no hepatitis-specific immunity procedure code; its only hepatitis serology codes are extension (XG) lab-analyte codes for individual pathogens (anti-HBs, anti-HCV, etc.), which are pathogen-specific and ontologically lab-specimen descriptors rather than procedures. DTB.AC.ZZ is a proper procedure code for testing immunological system function and covers any immune-function test, including hepatitis immunity testing across all hepatitis types — wider than the SNOMED concept but ontologically and semantically a better fit than the pathogen-specific XG16A2.
10780002 (Hepatolithotomy of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.FA.AA (Hepatotomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for hepatic calculus removal; hepatolithotomy is an incision of the liver specifically to remove stones, which falls within hepatotomy (KCA.FA.AA — open incision of the liver). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any liver incision regardless of purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically for stone extraction.
174426002 (Heterotopic liver transplant)maps to wider conceptKCA.KD.AA (Liver transplant)ICHI has only a single liver transplant code (KCA.KD.AA) with no distinction between orthotopic and heterotopic (auxiliary) placement; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes placement of the donor liver at an ectopic site while leaving the native liver in situ.
67562009 (Heterotransplant of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)ICHI provides only a generic "Pancreatic transplant" code with no distinction for graft source (heterologous/xenograft vs. allograft); the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically describes transplant of pancreatic tissue from a non-human donor.
359558006 (Heyman operation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.FB.AA (Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe)The Heyman operation consists of capsulotomies of the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints to correct metatarsus varus in children; MOJ.FB.AA is the best anatomical and procedural match, but it is broader — it does not encode the specific multi-joint release pattern, paediatric context, or deformity indication of the Heyman procedure.
143821000000109 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of ciliary body)maps to wider conceptBBD.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of ciliary body)BBD.GA.AH is the only ciliary body destruction code in ICHI; it captures the target (ciliary body) and the action (destruction/ablation) but does not specify the means of high-intensity focused ultrasound — ICHI has no HIFU-specific means value for this site, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
448012004 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)HIFU liver ablation is delivered transcutaneously without incision, making percutaneous the correct approach axis; however "percutaneous" in ICHI also covers needle-based techniques such as RFA and microwave ablation, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific HIFU modality implied by the SNOMED concept.
707801007 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)This is the only bladder destruction code without a conflicting approach qualifier — the transurethral and laparoscopic variants do not apply to HIFU, while NAI.GA.AA is approach-unspecified and thus broader; the target and action axes match exactly.
458251000114109 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of nodule of thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)HIFU ablation of a thyroid nodule is delivered percutaneously through the skin surface, matching the percutaneous means axis; the ICHI code is slightly broader because "percutaneous" encompasses other thermal or chemical ablation techniques and the ICHI title says "tissue" rather than specifying a nodule/lesion, but this is the best available match for site and approach.
1296522003 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of the prostate without specifying the modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies HIFU as the means. ICHI has no code that encodes the high-intensity focused ultrasound modality for prostate destruction.
1217275004 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)EBA.GA.AE is the closest ICHI code for non-radiotherapy, non-radioiodine thyroid tissue destruction via a percutaneous approach, which aligns with the access route used in HIFU of the thyroid; however, it does not specify HIFU as the energy modality and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
736954004 (Hip fracture probability assessment using FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool))maps to wider conceptMLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint)MLJ.AA.AH is the only ICHI code covering assessment of the hip joint, making it the best available mapping for a FRAX-based hip fracture probability calculation. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any type of hip joint assessment rather than the specific algorithmic fracture risk estimation that FRAX performs.
43554009 (Histochemical stain with frozen section)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)XG30Q5 is the ICHI extension code representing histopathology as a laboratory modality; histochemical staining of frozen sections is a specific histopathological technique that falls within this broader category. ICHI does not have a code distinguishing frozen-section technique or histochemical staining from other histopathology methods, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
425015006 (History and physical examination for surgical clearance)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A preoperative history and physical for surgical clearance constitutes a comprehensive general health assessment of the whole person prior to surgery, which is what PZB.AA.ZZ represents. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the surgical clearance purpose or the combined history-and-physical methodology, but it is the best available code for a whole-person pre-procedural evaluation.
78318003 (History and physical examination, annual for health maintenance)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ covers the clinical substance of an annual health maintenance H&P — a comprehensive assessment of the whole person — but is broader because it does not encode the annual/periodic frequency or the preventive/health-maintenance intent that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a routine encounter.
5902003 (History and physical examination, complete)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A complete H&P maps most naturally to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which represents a comprehensive assessment of the whole person. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish "complete" from other scopes of assessment, and the SNOMED concept bundles history-taking with physical examination whereas ICHI treats these as separate action codes.
113009005 (History and physical examination, follow-up)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated follow-up encounter or review visit code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available code for a whole-person assessment. It is wider because it does not capture the follow-up/interval nature of the encounter that differentiates this SNOMED concept from an initial assessment.
14129001 (History and physical examination, follow-up for emotional or mental disease)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ captures assessment of mental functions broadly and is the closest ICHI category to a follow-up H&P focused on emotional or mental disease; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish a follow-up visit from an initial assessment, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses the history-taking and physical examination components not captured in a single ICHI code.
7546001 (History and physical examination, follow-up for neoplastic disease)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no cancer-specific or oncology follow-up assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the best available fit for a comprehensive H&P follow-up visit, but it is broader because it carries no specificity for neoplastic disease surveillance.
1640009 (History and physical examination, insurance)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no concept for an insurance-purpose medical examination; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general whole-person health assessment, but it is wider because it does not encode the administrative/insurance purpose that defines the SNOMED concept.
17612009 (History and physical examination, known or suspected carrier)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for examination of an infectious disease carrier; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available category, but it is wider because it does not capture the infectious disease carrier context or the clinical reasoning driving the encounter.
76906009 (History and physical examination, known or suspected contact)maps to wider conceptPZB.VC.ZZ (Infectious disease contact tracing)PZB.VC.ZZ is the best ICHI match for an examination of a known or suspected disease contact, sharing the core public-health purpose of identifying and evaluating exposed individuals; it is wider because ICHI frames this as a population-level surveillance activity rather than an individual clinical history and physical examination.
43350001 (History and physical examination, license)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)ICHI has no code for a purpose-specific licensure H&P; PZA.AE.AH captures the physical examination of the whole body but does not encode the administrative purpose (licensing) or the history-taking component. The ICHI code is broader, covering any whole-body physical examination regardless of reason.
67879005 (History and physical examination, limited)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)ICHI does not distinguish limited (brief) from comprehensive H&P examinations; PZA.AE.AH represents a whole-body physical examination at any depth of detail, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a limited scope encounter.
37743000 (History and physical examination, monitoring)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)The monitoring-purpose H&P (a periodic reassessment of a known condition or patient) aligns best with PZB.AA.ZZ as a whole-person general health assessment; however ICHI does not encode the periodic/surveillance context of the examination, so the ICHI code is broader.
103739003 (History and physical examination, occupation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Occupational health H&P (fitness-for-work assessment) has no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the occupational/employment context, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
63787000 (History and physical examination, premarital)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Premarital H&P is a purpose-specific health screening with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match but subsumes any general whole-person assessment regardless of the premarital context, making it broader.
77150002 (History and physical examination, school)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)The SNOMED concept is a combined history-and-physical examination performed specifically in a school setting, whereas PZA.AE.AH covers only the physical examination component of the whole body with no setting or history-taking dimension. ICHI lacks a code that captures the school-specific context or the history component.
103736005 (History and physical examination, sports participation)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)The SNOMED concept is a pre-participation sports evaluation combining history taking and physical examination, whereas PZA.AE.AH represents only the physical examination of the whole body without the history or sports-clearance context. No ICHI code captures the sports-participation specificity.
201495001 (History taking, complete)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI represents clinical history taking through "interview" action codes; PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest match as it targets the whole person and covers a comprehensive information-gathering encounter, but it does not distinguish complete from limited history.
203421005 (History taking, limited)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for any clinical interview targeting the whole person; ICHI does not distinguish limited from complete history taking.
385888009 (History taking, mental health)maps to wider conceptAS1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AN.ZZ captures the interview/history-taking action directed at mental functions, aligning with mental health history; broader because it encompasses any interview about mental functions rather than specifically a structured psychiatric history-taking encounter.
23918007 (History taking, self-administered, by computer terminal)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI has no concept distinguishing self-administered or computer-mediated history taking; PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest available code for a whole-person interview but does not capture the self-administered or digital modality.
32166003 (History taking, self-administered, questionnaire)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)ICHI contains no specific concept for a self-administered questionnaire; PZB.AN.ZZ covers the closest general category of a whole-person interview but does not encode the self-administered or questionnaire format.
74915004 (HIV-1 ELISA assay)maps to wider conceptXG0JB1 (Antibodies to HIV-1/2 test)ELISA is a specific antibody detection technique used for HIV-1; XG0JB1 covers antibody testing for HIV-1/2 broadly without specifying the ELISA method, making it a wider match.
440644000 (Holistic massage therapy)maps to wider conceptMRS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no code specifically for holistic/therapeutic massage; MRS.PC.ZZ covers massage of soft tissue at an unspecified site, capturing the physical action but broader as it does not encode the holistic whole-body therapeutic intent.
699075006 (Holmium laser enucleation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP); NGA.JJ.AD shares the same target, approach, and overall goal of prostate tissue removal, but is broader in that it does not specify the laser enucleation technique.
75102000 (Home apnea monitor education)maps to wider conceptUAD.PH.ZZ (Training in the use of products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no code for apnea monitor education; UAD.PH.ZZ covers training in the use of products and technology for daily living, the functional category that home apnea monitor education falls under.
385781007 (Home health aide service)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)UCH.RG.ZZ aligns with the role of a home health aide; broader because it applies to any personal care/assistant support services at a population or system level, not specifically to in-home health aide delivery.
386323002 (Home maintenance assistance)maps to wider conceptSOD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with doing housework)Home maintenance assistance maps best to practical support with housework; the ICHI code is broader as "doing housework" encompasses a range of household tasks beyond just maintenance.
737854006 (Home oxygen therapy management)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)PZA.DD.AC covers oxygen therapy generically; it does not capture the "home" setting or the "management" (care coordination/monitoring) aspect, making it broader than the specific home-based management activity.
185470005 (Home visit elderly assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for home visits or age-specific (elderly) assessments; "General health assessment" is the closest functional match but does not capture the domiciliary setting or the geriatric-specific nature.
410340009 (Homemaking case management)maps to wider conceptSO2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified)"Homemaking case management" is coordinated care management to enable a person to maintain their home; SO2.RB.ZZ covers the household task dimension but not the care coordination/case management function.
313079007 (Homosexuality counseling)maps to wider conceptVEF.PP.ZZ (Counselling about sexual behaviours)VEF.PP.ZZ covers counselling about sexual behaviours broadly and is not restricted to any particular sexual orientation; the SNOMED concept is specifically counseling directed at homosexuality, making the ICHI code broader.
71947008 (Homotransplant of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)KCO.KD.AA is the ICHI code for pancreatic transplant; the SNOMED concept specifies a homotransplant (allograft from a human donor), while the ICHI code does not encode donor type, making it broader.
1231451004 (Hook test)maps to wider conceptMTC.AC.ZZ (Test for stability of joint functions)The Hook test is a specific clinical examination maneuver to assess the integrity of the distal biceps tendon at the elbow joint; MTC.AC.ZZ covers testing of joint stability functions generally and is broader.
275161007 (Hordeolum removal)maps to wider conceptBAA.JB.AA (Drainage of eyelid)A hordeolum (stye) is treated by incision and drainage of an infected eyelid gland; BAA.JB.AA covers drainage of the eyelid broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
169413002 (Hormone therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)ICHI has no dedicated "hormone therapy" code; UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all medication provision regardless of drug class.
1290176000 (Hospital antenatal care)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of pregnancy-related functions, a core component of antenatal care; broader because the SNOMED concept specifies a comprehensive care episode in a hospital setting that includes assessment, education, and other components.
10361000132103 (Hot biopsy)maps to wider conceptKBP.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of colon)Hot biopsy is a specific endoscopic technique using electrocautery forceps, most commonly in the colon; ICHI has no means code for electrosurgical/diathermy forceps and no dedicated hot biopsy category, so KBP.AD.AD is the closest but is broader.
252497000 (Hot dental pulp vitality test)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no specific code for pulp vitality testing or thermal/heat stimulation tests of the pulp; the closest available code is the general dental examination, broader and not specific to the hot thermal test method.
21943005 (Hot water bath hydrotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)Full-body immersion hydrotherapy is the closest ICHI match for a hot water bath; broader because the ICHI code does not specify water temperature or distinguish bath from other full-immersion modalities.
410392000 (Housing surveillance)maps to wider conceptUAM.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning the built environment, including housing)UAM.VC.ZZ explicitly covers public health surveillance of the built environment including housing; broader as it encompasses the entire built environment category rather than housing alone.
313077009 (Human immunodeficiency virus counseling)maps to wider conceptDTB.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions of the immunological system)DTB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for counselling related to an immune-system condition; broader than HIV-specific counseling as it covers all immunological system functions, and ICHI lacks a disease-specific or pathogen-specific counselling code.
372035004 (Identification of barriers to communication)maps to wider concept_LDINCOMPLETE (Assessment of communication, unspecified)Closest concept under "Interventions on communication" but broader — covers any assessment of communication rather than the specific act of identifying barriers to communication.
370817003 (Identification of cultural and value components related to pain management)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ captures the clinical act of formally assessing pain but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a culturally-focused and values-focused component of pain management rather than a generic pain assessment.
370819000 (Identification of individual values and wishes concerning care)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)PZB.AN.ZZ targets the whole person via interview, the closest analog to identifying values and care wishes; broader because it encompasses any whole-person interview rather than specifically eliciting values and preferences.
168024000 (Identification of microorganisms in ascitic fluid)maps to wider conceptKMA.AH.XE (Specimen collection of peritoneal fluid)KMA.AH.XE covers collection of peritoneal/ascitic fluid but addresses only the specimen collection step, not the subsequent microbiological identification, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
370820006 (Identification of physical alterations that may affect procedure-specific positioning)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for pre-procedural positioning risk evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest reasonable parent that captures the assessment nature of the act, but is substantially wider in scope.
710776000 (Identification of preoperative physiological status)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Preoperative physiological status assessment has no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available category but considerably broader and not surgery-specific.
225294001 (Identifying goals)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)PZB.TB.ZZ encompasses the broader process of creating an individualised care plan for the whole person, of which goal identification is a key but not exclusive part.
225296004 (Identifying problems)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)No code specific to problem identification exists; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest functional match but broader, encompassing all aspects of health assessment rather than the specific act of problem identification.
359894000 (IgG anti-IgA assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no code for a specific IgG anti-IgA assay; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological testing in general, significantly broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
121795005 (IgG synthesis rate measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)DTB.AB.ZZ covers functional measurement of the immune system but no ICHI code specific to immunoglobulin synthesis rate exists, so this is a broader match.
25383000 (IL-1 Alpha assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI contains no code for cytokine-specific assays or interleukin measurement; DTB.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable match.
66529005 (IL-1 Beta assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)No specific ICHI code exists for IL-1β; DTB.AC.ZZ is the best available match and considerably broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
176119008 (Ileocecal urinary bladder replacement)maps to wider conceptNAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)Reconstruction of urinary bladder includes ileocecal neobladder substitution but ICHI does not specify the ileocecal tissue source or full native bladder replacement, making it broader.
67212000 (Ileocystoplasty)maps to wider conceptNAI.LK.AA (Augmentation of bladder)Augmentation of bladder directly describes the functional goal of ileocystoplasty; ICHI does not specify that the augmentation material is an ileal patch, so the code is slightly broader.
234330008 (Iliac crest trephine)maps to wider conceptMKB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of pelvis)A trephine biopsy of the iliac crest is performed percutaneously on pelvic bone; ICHI does not specify the iliac crest sub-site or the trephine technique, making it broader.
278704006 (Iliac fossa muscle cutting incision)maps to wider conceptMRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is myotomy of the iliacus muscle in the iliac fossa; ICHI has myotomy codes only for the thigh and unspecified site, neither targets the iliacus, so the unspecified-site code is broader.
405528002 (Ilio-femoral bypass for repair of aneurysm with prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIEA.LI.AA (Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI bypass codes do not span both iliac and femoral territories; IEA.LI.AA fits the proximal vessel but does not capture the prosthesis or femoral terminus, making it broader.
405523006 (Ilio-profunda graft for repair of aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.ML.AA covers iliac reconstruction with a graft but does not capture the profunda femoris target or the aneurysm-specific indication, making it broader.
234251008 (Ilioinguinofemoral lymphadenectomy)maps to wider conceptDFM.JL.AA (Radical excision of inguinal lymph node)Ilioinguinofemoral lymphadenectomy spans iliac, inguinal, and femoral lymph node regions in one radical dissection; DFM.JL.AA covers only the inguinal level and is the closest available approximation.
24587005 (Image analysis)maps to wider conceptBL (Image capture and analysis)BL is an ICHI Means axis code representing image capture and analysis as a technique; broader because it bundles capture with analysis and does not specify any modality or body system.
178005004 (Image controlled percutaneous drainage of subphrenic abscess)maps to wider conceptKMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)The subphrenic space is a region of the peritoneal cavity; ICHI has no dedicated subphrenic drainage code, and image-guidance and abscess specificity are not captured.
1264555004 (Imaging guided core needle biopsy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)LCA.AD.AE covers percutaneous biopsy of the breast (correct target/approach) but does not specify imaging guidance or core needle technique, making the ICHI code broader.
708679008 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)NAA.JB.AE matches target, action and percutaneous approach; ICHI does not distinguish imaging-guided from non-imaging-guided percutaneous approaches, so the ICHI code is broader.
708683008 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pancreas)KCO.JB.AE matches target, action and means; ICHI has no mechanism to encode imaging guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
708702009 (Imaging guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymphatic structure)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)DFA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of lymph node; ICHI does not differentiate fine needle aspiration from other percutaneous biopsy techniques and does not encode imaging guidance.
1344907003 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of common femoral artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated common femoral artery code, nor encoding for imaging guidance or contrast medium; IFA.LG.AF is the most specific available match.
41339005 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coronary artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)HIA.LG.AF is an exact PTCA match on target, action and approach; ICHI does not encode imaging guidance or contrast use, making it slightly broader.
1344899006 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of popliteal artery with prosthesis with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF covers dilatation with device insertion in lower limb arteries (encompassing the popliteal artery) but does not specify the popliteal artery, imaging guidance, or contrast.
233283006 (Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with contrast)maps to wider conceptIFA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb)IFA.LG.AF captures the procedure type but does not specify the superficial femoral artery target, imaging guidance, or contrast use.
1255817008 (Imaging guided removal of foreign body from abdominal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)KMA.JD.AE represents percutaneous foreign-body removal from the peritoneal cavity, the principal compartment of the abdomen; broader because peritoneal cavity does not fully encompass the retroperitoneum and imaging guidance is not encoded.
1264556003 (Imaging guided vacuum assisted biopsy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)LCA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of the breast but does not distinguish imaging-guidance or the vacuum-assisted technique, making ICHI broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
441987005 (Imaging of abdomen)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-PAK (Imaging interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified)BlockL6-PAK groups all imaging modalities of the abdomen under one organisational node; as a block it is not an assignable category code and is inherently broader.
441875004 (Imaging of head)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-PAB (Imaging interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified)BlockL6-PAB groups multi-modality imaging of head or neck; broader than head alone since it also encompasses the neck.
441677009 (Imaging of lung)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-JBF (Imaging interventions on lung parenchyma)BlockL6-JBF groups all modality-specific lung imaging codes; as a block it is the only ICHI grouping that covers multi-modality lung imaging, slightly narrower anatomically but the best available match.
441958009 (Imaging of musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MZZ (Imaging interventions on musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single assignable category code for unspecified-modality imaging of the musculoskeletal system; the block BlockL5-MZZ groups all such imaging codes (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound) and is the closest structural fit, though it covers all imaging modalities rather than the modality-agnostic SNOMED concept.
363141001 (Imaging of neck)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-PAB (Imaging interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified)ICHI codes imaging of the neck only within the joint "head or neck" block (PAB) and each assignable code is modality-specific; the block is the best structural fit but extends to the head as well as the neck.
414458006 (Imaging of spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL6-MBZ (Imaging interventions on vertebral column, unspecified)The block groups all imaging modalities of the unspecified vertebral column and is the best structural match since no single ICHI category code covers imaging of spine by all modalities.
177221004 (Immediate repair of minor obstetric laceration)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum as a whole and is the best structural match for minor obstetric laceration repair (commonly first/second-degree perineal tears); ICHI is broader as it does not restrict to obstetric context, timing, or severity.
1287984003 (Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of cervix uteri)maps to wider conceptNMF.MK.AC (Other repair of cervix)NMF.MK.AC covers repair of the cervix uteri via a transvaginal approach and is the closest available ICHI code but does not specify the obstetric (post-delivery laceration) context or the immediate timing.
177219009 (Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of perineum and sphincter of anus)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)PAW.MK.AA captures perineal repair (the primary surgical target in third/fourth-degree obstetric tears) but does not capture the concomitant anal sphincter repair (KBX.MK.AA) or the obstetric/immediate context.
177220003 (Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of vagina and floor of pelvis)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AC (Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach)NMH.MK.AC captures repair of the vagina via the transvaginal route, matching the primary surgical target; it does not encode the pelvic floor component or the obstetric laceration context.
395035000 (Immune complex IgG level)maps to wider conceptXG58X6 (Immunoglobulin plasma levels)XG58X6 covers all immunoglobulin plasma levels as a group, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to IgG-class immune complexes; ICHI provides no isotype-specific subdivision.
395036004 (Immune complex IgM level)maps to wider conceptXG58X6 (Immunoglobulin plasma levels)XG58X6 represents the class of all immunoglobulin plasma level measurements; ICHI has no subtype distinguishing IgM from other immunoglobulin isotypes.
127798001 (Immunocytochemical procedure)maps to wider conceptXG1640 (Immunohisto-chemistry)XG1640 covers immunolabeling applied to tissue and cell preparations under the umbrella of immunohistochemistry; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish tissue sections (IHC) from cell preparations (immunocytochemistry).
13269000 (Immunocytochemical stain)maps to wider conceptXG1640 (Immunohisto-chemistry)Immunocytochemical staining is the specific staining act within an immunocytochemical procedure; XG1640 is the best available ICHI code covering antibody-based tissue/cell staining and is wider as it subsumes both tissue and cytological immunolabeling.
6689003 (Immunodiffusion, qualitative)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)Immunodiffusion is a specific gel-based precipitation technique; ICHI has no code for it and DTB.AC.ZZ is the nearest category, covering any test of immunological system functions, making it substantially broader.
406867009 (Immunofluorescent stain method)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI contains no terminology for staining methods or fluorescent labelling; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available code as the procedure is an immunological test method but is far broader than the specific direct/indirect immunofluorescence technique.
250308006 (Immunoglobulin chain concentration measurement)maps to wider conceptXG58X6 (Immunoglobulin plasma levels)XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels and aligns with measuring immunoglobulin chain concentrations, but the ICHI code refers to total immunoglobulin levels rather than individual kappa/lambda or heavy-chain subtype quantification.
35389006 (Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no codes for molecular genetic techniques such as PCR-based clonality testing or V(D)J gene rearrangement analysis; DTB.AC.ZZ is the only available approximation and is far broader than this specific molecular diagnostic assay.
408906009 (Immunological care assessment)maps to wider conceptDTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of immunological system functions)DTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunological system functions, aligning with immunological care assessment; the ICHI code is broader as it does not carry the holistic care dimension implying nursing/clinical care context.
314073001 (Immunology screening test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)DTB.AC.ZZ represents testing of immunological system functions, semantically close to an immunology screening test but slightly broader because it does not specify the screening intent.
11688007 (Implant of inert material into nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)JAA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the nose, broader than the SNOMED concept specifying inert material; ICHI does not distinguish implant material type.
186160005 (Implant of vocal cords)maps to wider conceptJAN.DN.AA (Implantation of device into larynx)JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx (which contains the vocal cords); ICHI has no code specific to vocal cord implantation.
442504005 (Implantation of artificial sphincter in anorectum)maps to wider conceptKBX.DN.AA (Implantation of device into anus)KBX.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the anus, encompassing artificial sphincter implantation; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for artificial anal sphincter specifically.
173006001 (Implantation of artificial voicebox into larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.DN.AA (Implantation of device into larynx)JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx; ICHI does not distinguish a voice prosthesis from other laryngeal devices.
784163001 (Implantation of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI covers percutaneous implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, encompassing biventricular CRT-P, but does not distinguish biventricular configuration nor capture fluoroscopic guidance.
60985004 (Implantation of cardiac dual-chamber device, replacement)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI reflects the replacement action and percutaneous transluminal approach, but the title covers any pacemaker/defibrillator replacement without distinguishing dual-chamber from other configurations.
1235006003 (Implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI's closest code covers implantation of the full system, but ICHI does not have a code specific to lead-only implantation or to CRT-D leads, making it broader than this single-lead SNOMED concept.
1236755008 (Implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI captures percutaneous implantation of a permanent endocardial defibrillator system, encompassing CRT-D, but does not distinguish cardiac resynchronization therapy from standard ICD systems.
425435003 (Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with one electrode lead)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI covers percutaneous implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system; it does not specify the number of electrode leads or distinguish ICD-only devices from pacemakers.
442249009 (Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with three electrode leads)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept specifies a transvenous ICD with three leads; ICHI does not capture the number of leads, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
427508005 (Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with two electrode leads)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)The two-lead variant of transvenous ICD implantation; ICHI does not distinguish lead count, making it wider than the SNOMED concept specifying exactly two leads.
428740009 (Implantation of carmustine wafer into cerebrum)maps to wider conceptAAG.DN.AA (Implantation of device into intracranial space)Carmustine (Gliadel) wafers are drug-eluting implants placed into the cerebral resection cavity; ICHI captures device implantation into intracranial space but does not specify cerebrum, wafer device type, or chemotherapeutic agent.
60531000087100 (Implantation of dual chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of endocardial leadless pacemaker)HFC.DN.AE covers percutaneous implantation of any endocardial leadless pacemaker; the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating a dual-chamber leadless system.
82130003 (Implantation of electroencephalographic receiver in brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)ICHI has no specific code for an EEG receiver or intracranial recording device; "Insertion of device into brain" covers the anatomical target and procedural action but applies to any intracranial device.
2067001 (Implantation of electromagnetic hearing aid)maps to wider conceptCBA.DN.AC (Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified)An electromagnetic implantable hearing aid targets middle ear structures; this NEC code covers implantation of any internal device in the middle ear, broader because it encompasses all middle-ear internal device types.
82009005 (Implantation of electronic stimulator into urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.DN.AA (Implantation of device into urinary bladder)ICHI maps the action and target directly but is broader because it covers any implanted device in the bladder, not specifically an electronic stimulator.
37581007 (Implantation of epikeratoprosthesis)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)An epikeratoprosthesis is a prosthetic device implanted onto the corneal surface; ICHI's code is broader as it covers all types of corneal implants, not exclusively epikeratoprostheses.
397800002 (Implantation of inert material in Tenon's capsule with enucleation of eyeball)maps to wider conceptBZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)BZA.JK.AA covers the enucleation of the eyeball but does not capture the simultaneous implantation of inert material into Tenon's capsule; no single ICHI code encodes this combined procedure.
414510000 (Implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segment)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)BBB.DL.AC covers insertion of any corneal implant; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a ring segment placed intrastromally for keratoconus.
4213001 (Implantation of Ommaya reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAE.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain)An Ommaya reservoir is a specific type of internal device implanted into the cerebral ventricles; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device.
447256007 (Implantation of plate into spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)A spinal plate is an internal fixation device; the ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the spine at an unspecified level, broader because it does not distinguish device type.
373418002 (Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in capsular bag)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of any prosthetic lens, encompassing posterior chamber IOL implantation; broader as it does not specify lens location or fixation site (capsular bag vs sulcus).
373417007 (Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in ciliary sulcus)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens; ICHI does not distinguish the specific placement location (ciliary sulcus vs. bag), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
76116002 (Implantation of prosthesis or prosthetic device of acetabulum of hip joint)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)MLJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into the hip joint broadly, encompassing acetabular cup implantation; ICHI does not offer a more specific code restricted to the acetabular component alone.
171952002 (Implantation of radioactive substance into pituitary gland)maps to wider conceptEAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into pituitary gland)EAA.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the pituitary gland, encompassing brachytherapy/radioactive implant placement; broader because it does not specify the radioactive nature of the implanted substance.
442158006 (Implantation of radioactive substance into prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into prostate)ICHI has no dedicated brachytherapy/radioactive seed implantation code for the prostate; NGA.DL.AC captures the procedural act of placing a device into the prostate but is broader as it does not specify radioactive material.
176609003 (Implantation of radioactive substance into vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)The vulva block contains no code for device insertion or brachytherapy; NMI.GA.AA "Destruction of vulva" is the closest available code capturing ablative/therapeutic intent but is broader and does not specify radioactive interstitial implantation.
23999003 (Implantation of rate-responsive cardiac single-chamber device)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not distinguish between single-chamber, dual-chamber, or rate-responsive pacemaker subtypes; HFC.DN.AF covers percutaneous permanent pacemaker implantation but is broader as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and any chamber configuration.
83977000 (Implantation of retinal attachment)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the only retinal intervention code capturing structural restoration/reattachment, aligning with the clinical intent; however, it is broader as it encompasses all retinal repair methods and does not specify implantation of a device or attachment element.
88669004 (Implantation of Rickham reservoir)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)A Rickham reservoir is a subcutaneous CSF access device inserted through a burr hole; AAA.DL.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it does not specify the type of device or its precise placement within intracranial structures.
60541000087106 (Implantation of single chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker system)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of endocardial leadless pacemaker)HFC.DN.AE matches the leadless pacemaker concept closely, but does not specify single chamber — covering leadless endocardial pacemakers generally, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's single-chamber specificity.
48695001 (Implantation of skull plate)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)MAA.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the skull, accurately mapping the skull plate procedure, but is broader as it encompasses other skull devices (tongs, halos, electrodes) beyond plates specifically.
169553002 (Implantation of subcutaneous contraceptive)maps to wider conceptLAE.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)Subcutaneous contraceptive implants (Nexplanon/Implanon) are inserted percutaneously into upper-arm subcutaneous tissue, matching anatomy and approach; however, the ICHI code does not specify the contraceptive function or device type.
13371003 (Implantation of Swanson prosthesis of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into finger or hand joint)MGJ.DN.AA captures implantation of a prosthesis/spacer into a finger or hand joint, the core action of Swanson silicone arthroplasty; it is broader as it does not specify the Swanson/silicone implant type or particular finger joint.
1367854001 (Implantation of synthetic cartilage into first metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.DN.AA covers implantation of any internal device into any joint of the foot or toe but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies synthetic cartilage (e.g. Cartiva) into the first MTP joint.
427982004 (Implantation of vertical expanding prosthetic titanium rib)maps to wider conceptMCB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of thoracic cage)MCB.DN.AA is the only ICHI code covering device implantation in the thoracic cage; it is broader as it does not specify the titanium rib prosthesis material, the vertical-expanding mechanism, or the scoliosis/thoracic insufficiency context.
53020005 (Implantation of vitreous for retinal reattachment)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the closest match: clinical intent is retinal repair/reattachment, and vitreous substitution is the means. ICHI lacks a specific code for vitreous implantation/tamponade as a retinal reattachment technique.
89176003 (Implantation of vitreous for retinal reattachment with buckling)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for retinal repair/reattachment; the additional scleral buckling component is not captured, and ICHI has no specific combined code, so the match remains wider.
372067001 (Implementation of measures to provide psychological support)maps to wider conceptATF.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for global psychosocial functions)ATF.RC.ZZ is the best fit within ICHI's psychosocial domain, covering provision of emotional/psychological support; the SNOMED concept is broader administrative/nursing language that may encompass multiple support modalities.
135885005 (Impotence education)maps to wider conceptNUA.PM.ZZ (Education about sexual functions)NUA.PM.ZZ covers patient education directed at sexual functions, which includes erectile dysfunction; broader because it encompasses all sexual function education rather than being specific to impotence.
426914002 (In vitro fertilization using donor egg and intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI has no specific code for IVF with donor egg and ICSI; NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer broadly, encompassing embryo transfer following IVF, but does not encode donor-egg source, ICSI technique, or the IVF step itself.
425866000 (In vitro fertilization using donor eggs)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI provides no code specific to IVF with donor oocytes; NME.DH.AC is the closest available code covering the transfer component, but is broader and does not distinguish donor-egg from autologous IVF.
427664000 (In vitro fertilization using donor spermatozoa)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI does not have a code specifying IVF with donor sperm; NME.DH.AC is the best available match covering uterine embryo transfer but does not encode the IVF process or donor sperm source.
425901007 (In vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI contains no code distinguishing ICSI from conventional IVF; NME.DH.AC is the closest match for the embryo transfer stage but does not capture the ICSI microinjection technique or in-vitro fertilization step.
711544002 (In vitro fertilization with surrogacy)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI has no specific code for IVF or surrogacy; NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer (the embryo transfer step), broader as it does not capture IVF itself, the surrogacy arrangement, or egg retrieval.
29730001 (In vivo immunologic procedure)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI does not distinguish in vivo from in vitro immunologic testing; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological function testing generally but is broader than SNOMED's restriction to in vivo procedures (skin prick, patch, challenge tests).
19838004 (In-vitro immunologic test)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no dedicated in vitro immunology test code; DTB.AC.ZZ covers all immunological function testing regardless of in vitro/in vivo, broader than this SNOMED concept restricted to in vitro methods (ELISA, immunoassay, RAST).
13837003 (Inborn errors of metabolism screen)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI lacks a specific code for newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism (Guthrie/heel prick); ETB.AA.ZZ covers general metabolic function assessment but does not capture the newborn screening context or focus on inherited disorders.
46423003 (Incidental ligation of fallopian tubes)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA covers open occlusion of the fallopian tubes (tubal ligation); however, ICHI does not encode the "incidental" qualifier (performed as a secondary procedure during another operation), making this code broader.
388285000 (Incision and curettage of chalazion)maps to wider conceptBAA.JB.AA (Drainage of eyelid)A chalazion is a meibomian gland cyst of the eyelid; BAA.JB.AA captures the drainage component but is broader as it covers any eyelid drainage, not the specific combined incision-and-curettage technique on a chalazion.
284181007 (Incision and drainage of abscess)maps to wider conceptMRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)This SNOMED concept is a generic site-unspecified incision and drainage of abscess; MRS.JB.AA is the closest ICHI equivalent as an unspecified-site soft tissue drainage code but is broader as it covers any soft tissue drainage.
446177006 (Incision and drainage of abscess of extradural space of spinal canal)maps to wider conceptABG.JB.AE (Drainage of spinal canal)ABG.JB.AE is drainage of the spinal canal (percutaneous), aligning with target anatomy; however it does not specifically encode the extradural sub-space or the abscess aetiology, making it broader.
430384004 (Incision and drainage of abscess of face)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue, encompassing facial abscess drainage; broader because it covers the entire head and neck rather than the face specifically and does not encode the abscess indication.
430999009 (Incision and drainage of abscess of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JB.AA is the best available ICHI code for superficial drainage of the head region; wider because it covers both head and neck and includes all skin and subcutaneous tissue regardless of pathology.
275231009 (Incision and drainage of anorectal abscess)maps to wider conceptKBW.JB.AA (Drainage of rectum and perirectal area)KBW.JB.AA covers drainage of rectum and perirectal area, encompassing the anorectal space where these abscesses arise, but does not specify abscess as the indication and includes the rectum itself rather than being limited to the abscess space.
8673009 (Incision and drainage of buccal space)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The buccal space is a deep fascial space of the cheek in the head/neck region; LAA.JB.AA is the best available match covering subcutaneous and deeper soft tissue drainage of the head or neck, though not specific to the buccal space.
307248008 (Incision and drainage of buttock abscess)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The buttock/gluteal region falls within the trunk in ICHI; LAB.JB.AA covers trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage but is broader as it does not specify the gluteal site or abscess indication.
77772005 (Incision and drainage of eyeball)maps to wider conceptBZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of eye, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific incision and drainage of eyeball code; BZZ.JB.AA covers eye drainage when no more specific ocular structure is identified, broader than the SNOMED concept and inherently coarser.
89408005 (Incision and drainage of forearm for deep abscess)maps to wider conceptLAE.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)No ICHI code exists for deep forearm drainage specifically; LAE.JB.AA covers the broader upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than the deep fascial or muscular compartment.
22700008 (Incision and drainage of hematoma of forearm)maps to wider conceptLAE.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)LAE.JB.AA is the closest available ICHI code, covering open drainage of upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue, but is broader in anatomical scope (entire upper limb) and does not specifically denote hematoma.
32405005 (Incision and drainage of hematoma of hip joint area)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AA (Drainage of hip joint)MLJ.JB.AA covers intra-articular drainage of the hip joint, while the SNOMED concept targets a hematoma in the periarticular hip area; no dedicated ICHI code exists for open soft-tissue hematoma drainage in the lower limb.
8583004 (Incision and drainage of hip joint area for deep abscess)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AA (Drainage of hip joint)The SNOMED concept specifies drainage of a deep periarticular hip abscess (soft tissue), while MLJ.JB.AA encodes intra-articular hip drainage; broader as it does not distinguish abscess from other fluid collections and implies joint-cavity access.
45788003 (Incision and drainage of infected bursa of forearm)maps to wider conceptLAE.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no specific code for bursal drainage in the forearm; LAE.JB.AA is the closest covering open drainage of upper limb subcutaneous structures but does not distinguish bursa from other tissue and covers the entire upper limb.
67852006 (Incision and drainage of infected bursa of hip joint area)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JB.AA (Drainage of hip joint)ICHI has no dedicated code for periarticular bursa drainage in the hip region; MLJ.JB.AA is the closest available code but implies intra-articular access rather than drainage of an extra-articular bursa.
72673002 (Incision and drainage of intramural anal abscess with submuscular fistulectomy)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining incision/drainage of an intramural anal abscess with submuscular fistulectomy; KBX.FA.AA covers only incision of anus and perianal tissue and is the closest single code, but does not capture drainage or fistulectomy.
445732008 (Incision and drainage of lacrimal drainage structure)maps to wider conceptBAD.JB.AA (Drainage of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus, which encompasses lacrimal drainage structures (canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct); the SNOMED concept additionally specifies an incision component and a narrower target subset of the lacrimal apparatus.
89572009 (Incision and drainage of lacrimal gland)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.FA.AA captures the incision action on the lacrimal apparatus, but the lacrimal apparatus is broader than the lacrimal gland specifically and the drainage component is not explicitly represented.
392232002 (Incision and drainage of peritonsillar abscess)maps to wider conceptDAA.JB.AC (Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures)The ICHI code explicitly covers drainage of peritonsillar structures, matching the primary therapeutic intent; however ICHI also covers non-abscess drainage of the tonsil and lacks a dedicated incision-and-drainage combined action, making it slightly broader.
444391005 (Incision and drainage of pilonidal cyst)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Pilonidal cysts occur in the sacrococcygeal region within the trunk grouping; ICHI has no specific pilonidal cyst code, so this trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage code is the best available match but covers all trunk skin drainage regardless of cyst type.
38535009 (Incision and drainage of retropharyngeal abscess by external approach)maps to wider conceptDAA.JB.AA (Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess)ICHI has only one retropharyngeal abscess drainage code, specifying "open" without distinguishing approach; the external (cervical) approach aligns with an open procedure, but the ICHI code is broader in not capturing the approach specificity.
363157001 (Incision and drainage of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI separates incision (MRS.FA.AA) and drainage (MRS.JB.AA) of soft tissue at unspecified site into distinct codes; MRS.FA.AA is the best single code but captures only the incision component. The SNOMED concept covers soft tissue at any site, aligning with "unspecified site" in ICHI.
128989009 (Incision and drainage of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI's LAB.JB.AA captures drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; wider because the SNOMED "trunk" could include deeper structures beyond skin and subcutaneous, while ICHI's code is limited to the integumentary layer.
128986002 (Incision and drainage of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptLAE.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)LAE.JB.AA is the closest match for drainage of the upper extremity at the integumentary level; wider because the SNOMED concept encompasses all tissues of the upper extremity, not just skin and subcutaneous, and there is no combined incision/drainage code.
77202008 (Incision and exploration mediastinum)maps to wider conceptJCG.FA.AA (Incision of mediastinum)ICHI captures the incision of the mediastinum precisely but does not encode the exploration component, making the ICHI code broader. No combined incision-and-exploration code exists for the mediastinum in ICHI.
5506006 (Incision and exploration of abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The PAL (abdominal wall) block contains no generic incision code — only PAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site), too specific. LZZ.FA.AA covers open incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual but does not capture the exploration component.
81982004 (Incision and exploration of axilla)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no axilla-specific incision or exploration code; LZZ.AE.AA represents open exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual and captures the exploration aspect but spans all body sites without singling out the axilla.
21831008 (Incision and exploration of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.FA.AA (Incision of bronchus)JBB.FA.AA captures the incision of the bronchus but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; no combined incision-and-exploration code exists for the bronchus in ICHI, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
112913008 (Incision and exploration of cul-de-sac)maps to wider conceptKMA.FA.AA (Incision of peritoneum)The cul-de-sac (pouch of Douglas) is a fold of pelvic peritoneum, and KMA.FA.AA covers incision of peritoneum broadly without specifying this sub-site; the SNOMED concept also adds "exploration" not captured in the ICHI title.
82780000 (Incision and exploration of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.FA.AA (Incision of oesophagus)KBA.FA.AA covers open incision of the oesophagus, which is the primary operative component; the ICHI code does not specify the exploratory intent, making it slightly broader than the combined SNOMED concept.
67244001 (Incision and exploration of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.FA.AA (Incision of lung)JBF.FA.AA covers incision of the lung parenchyma but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; ICHI has no dedicated incision-and-exploration of lung code, making it broader by capturing only the incision.
82217009 (Incision and exploration of nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.FA.AA (Incision of nose)JAA.FA.AA directly matches the incision component; however ICHI does not encode an exploration action for the nose, so the exploratory intent in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code wider.
112888005 (Incision and exploration of pineal gland)maps to wider conceptEAB.AE.AA (Exploration of pineal gland)ICHI has both Exploration (EAB.AE.AA) and Incision (EAB.FA.AA) of the pineal gland but no combined code; EAB.AE.AA is selected because exploration is the dominant clinical purpose, but it is wider as it does not capture the incision component.
41004001 (Incision and exploration of pituitary gland)maps to wider conceptEAA.AE.AA (Exploration of pituitary fossa)ICHI offers Exploration of pituitary fossa (EAA.AE.AA) and a separate Incision of pituitary gland (EAA.FA.AA), but no single combined code; EAA.AE.AA is the closest match as it covers exploration but does not encode the incision component and refers to the fossa rather than the gland.
51715005 (Incision and exploration of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.FA.AA (Incision of prostate)NGA.FA.AA captures the incision of the prostate, but ICHI does not have a combined incision-and-exploration code for the prostate; the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the exploration component, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
76568004 (Incision and exploration of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)KAM.FA.AA matches the incision of the salivary gland closely, but ICHI does not separately encode the exploratory component, making the ICHI code slightly broader by omitting that intent.
112832001 (Incision and exploration of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AE.AA captures open exploration of skin, aligning well with the exploration intent; coded under the NEC block, making it slightly broader, and it encompasses subcutaneous tissue in addition to skin.
91617003 (Incision and exploration of spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.FA.AA (Incision of spleen)ICHI captures the incision of the spleen but does not encode the exploration component that SNOMED specifies; the ICHI code therefore covers more procedures than just incision-for-exploration, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
41943000 (Incision and exploration of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)Gastrotomy (incision of the stomach) is the standard ICHI term covering incision of the stomach, but the code applies to any gastrotomy purpose, not exclusively to exploration, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies incision-and-exploration.
73910002 (Incision and exploration of subdiaphragmatic space)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)The subdiaphragmatic space is an anatomical subdivision of the abdominal cavity, and exploratory laparotomy is the closest ICHI concept capturing surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity via incision; however, it is broader as it covers the entire abdominal cavity rather than the subdiaphragmatic space specifically.
7541006 (Incision and exploration of testis)maps to wider conceptNGL.FA.AA (Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis)ICHI codes testicular incision together with the tunica vaginalis as a single combined procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the testis specifically, and does not separately encode the exploration intent.
87829000 (Incision and exploration of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.FA.AA (Incision of trachea)ICHI captures the incision component (FA = incision) but does not encode the exploration aspect of the procedure. The SNOMED concept is more specific in combining incision with exploratory intent, making the ICHI code broader.
1399002 (Incision and exploration of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.FA.AA (Ureterotomy)Ureterotomy covers the incision of the ureter (the dominant operative act), but ICHI does not encode the paired exploration. A separate exploration code exists (NAE.AE.AA) but it covers the periureteral area rather than an incision-based internal exploration, making the incision code the best single match at the cost of dropping the exploration component.
17923005 (Incision and exploration of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy)Urethrotomy (incision of urethra) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the incision axis (FA) on the urethra target (NAM), but no combined incision-and-exploration code exists in the ICHI urethra block.
58101007 (Incision and exploration of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.FA.AA (Cystotomy)Cystotomy is the standard ICHI code for bladder incision and maps well to this procedure; the exploration component is not explicitly encoded in ICHI, and the separate exploration code (NAI.AE.AA) covers only perivesical tissue rather than intravesical exploration.
86792003 (Incision and exploration of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.FA.AA (Hysterotomy)Hysterotomy covers the incision of the uterus (FA action on NME target) but the exploration component is absent from ICHI; no combined incision-and-exploration code exists in the uterus block, making this a wider match.
55770002 (Incision and exploration of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.FA.AC (Vaginotomy)NMH.FA.AC (vaginotomy) captures the incision of the vagina but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; the SNOMED concept combines incision with exploration as a compound procedure, making the ICHI code somewhat broader in scope relative to the full procedure intent.
44410008 (Incision and expression of conjunctival follicles)maps to wider conceptBBA.FA.AA (Incision of conjunctiva)BBA.FA.AA covers incision of the conjunctiva in general, but does not encode the specific "expression of follicles" component that characterises this procedure (classically performed for trachoma); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
321137006 (Incision and probing of salivary duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)KAM.FA.AA matches the incision of salivary duct component but does not encode the probing element; additionally, the ICHI target covers both gland and duct together, making the match broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the duct and the combined incision-and-probing action.
27560000 (Incision of abdominal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.FA.AA (Incision of abdominal or pelvic artery)The ICHI code covers both abdominal and pelvic artery, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the abdominal artery; there is no more specific code limited to the abdominal artery alone. The action (incision / FA) and means (open / AA) are an exact match.
11349001 (Incision of abscess of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.JB.AA (Drainage of lip)ICHI has no specific "incision of abscess" code for the lip; the closest functional equivalent is KAA.JB.AA (Drainage of lip), since incision of an abscess is performed to achieve drainage. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any drainage of the lip regardless of indication.
446249007 (Incision of abscess of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI encodes this procedure under drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, which is the anatomical layer where neck abscesses typically reside; incision for abscess drainage is functionally captured by this code, though the ICHI code is broader (head or neck, any drainage indication).
42156009 (Incision of abscess of sclera)maps to wider conceptBCB.FA.AA (Incision of sclera)BCB.FA.AA directly matches the procedure (incision of the sclera), but the ICHI code does not specify that the incision is performed to drain an abscess, making it slightly broader in scope. BCB.JB.AA (Drainage of sclera) was also considered, but BCB.FA.AA is a more literal match for the incision action described in the SNOMED concept.
24600000 (Incision of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.FA.AA (Incision of anus and perianal tissue)KBX.FA.AA covers incision of both the anus and perianal tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the anus itself; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI match for this procedure.
107866007 (Incision of artery of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZA.FA.AA (Incision of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers arteries of any extremity (upper or lower limb), whereas ICA.FA.AA covers only upper limb and IFA.FA.AA only lower limb; IZA.FA.AA (incision of artery, NEC) is the best available catch-all, though it is broader in scope than a limb-specific artery concept.
41825000 (Incision of Bartholin's cyst)maps to wider conceptNMI.FA.AA (Other incision of vulva)ICHI has no code specific to Bartholin's gland or cyst incision; NMI.FA.AA (other incision of vulva) is the closest anatomical match since the Bartholin's glands are located in the vulvar region, though it is broader as it encompasses any vulvar incision not classified elsewhere.
7683005 (Incision of blood vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.FA.AA (Incision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers incision of any blood vessel not classified elsewhere, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED concept. However, ICHI is technically wider because it carries the "NEC" qualifier, meaning more specific vessel-site codes (carotid, coronary, etc.) exist and take precedence — so this residual code is broader than the SNOMED concept when the latter is used without a specified site.
37330003 (Incision of buccal space)maps to wider conceptKAZ.FA.AC (Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists specifically for incision of the buccal space (a fascial compartment of the cheek); the closest available code covers incision of the oral cavity NEC, which is a broader anatomical territory. The ICHI code therefore encompasses more than the targeted buccal space procedure.
23175002 (Incision of bursa)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated bursa-specific incision code; bursa codes in ICHI are extension codes (XA16K5) not assignable intervention codes. MRS.FA.AA (incision of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the closest structural match, but it is broader as it covers all soft tissue rather than bursa specifically.
18278008 (Incision of cheek)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no cheek-specific incision code; the skin/subcutaneous block for head or neck (BlockL5-LAA) lacks an incision code, and there is no oral/buccal mucosa incision code matching the cheek. LZZ.FA.AA is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any unspecified skin/subcutaneous site rather than the cheek specifically.
446318000 (Incision of cyst of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary)ICHI codes the incision to the organ (ovary) without specifying the pathological target (cyst), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies the cyst as the structure being incised.
438610008 (Incision of deep abscess of soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI captures the incision of soft tissue but does not encode either the pathological target (abscess) or the depth qualifier (deep), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
66382004 (Incision of extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.FA.AA (Incision of extraocular muscles or tendons)BDA.FA.AA covers incision of both extraocular muscles and tendons, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies muscle only; the target (extraocular muscle), action (incision/FA), and approach (open/AA) all align well.
112699005 (Incision of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no body-site-agnostic "incision of fascia" category; MRS.FA.AA is the closest available code, covering incision of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader in both tissue type (soft tissue, not specifically fascia) and site (unspecified vs. any fascia).
87633005 (Incision of fascia of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.FA.AA (Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.FA.AA correctly specifies the hand target and incision action, but also encompasses finger and ligament, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to fascia of hand alone.
27679006 (Incision of flank)maps to wider conceptLAB.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The flank is the lateral region of the trunk (between the lower ribs and iliac crest), which falls within the trunk territory covered by LAB. However, LAB.FA.AA encompasses the entire trunk skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific flank location.
88517004 (Incision of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.FA.AC (Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specific to the floor of mouth; the closest assignable code covers the oral cavity as a whole. KAZ.FA.AC is a residual "not elsewhere classified" category that subsumes floor-of-mouth incisions but is anatomically broader.
76038002 (Incision of gluteal skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for gluteal or buttock skin incision; the lower-limb skin block (LAG) contains no FA.AA incision code, and the gluteal region straddles the trunk-lower limb boundary. LZZ.FA.AA is the NEC skin incision code and is the best available fit, though it is anatomically unspecified and therefore broader.
119646000 (Incision of hand)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's upper-limb skin block (LAE) does not include an FA.AA incision code, and the musculoskeletal hand block (MGL) covers ligament/fascia rather than general skin incision. LZZ.FA.AA is the only assignable general skin incision code and is broader than the SNOMED concept's hand-specific scope.
69191006 (Incision of intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.FA.AA (Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI codes split intestinal incision into small intestine (KBK.FA.AA) and colotomy (KBP.FA.AA, large intestine); the SNOMED concept is non-specific as to which intestinal segment, so neither ICHI code fully covers it — KBK.FA.AA is selected as the best approximation but the SNOMED concept is broader than this single ICHI code.
4820000 (Incision of labial frenum)maps to wider conceptKAZ.FA.AC (Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the labial frenum; the labial frenum is an oral cavity structure and KAZ.FA.AC is the residual "incision of oral cavity, NEC" code that serves as the best available container, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED target (labial frenum only).
2442008 (Incision of lacrimal canaliculus)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI classifies the lacrimal canaliculus as part of the lacrimal apparatus (confirmed by extension code XA6C35 for lacrimal canaliculi) but provides only one incision code at the level of the whole lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the canaliculus specifically.
79278004 (Incision of lacrimal punctum)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)The lacrimal punctum is part of the lacrimal apparatus, but ICHI only has a single incision code at the apparatus level; BAD.FA.AA covers the whole apparatus and is therefore broader than this punctum-specific SNOMED concept.
359543003 (Incision of nasolacrimal duct for stricture)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.FA.AA covers incision of the entire lacrimal apparatus and does not specify the nasolacrimal duct sub-site or the indication of stricture, making it broader than the more specific SNOMED concept.
38192004 (Incision of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary)The ICHI code matches on title, target (ovary), and action (incision), but does not specify approach; NMA.FA.AB exists for the laparoscopic variant, so the unspecified-approach code is broader than a SNOMED concept that may imply open technique.
173496001 (Incision of parotid gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)No parotid-specific incision code exists in ICHI; the parotid gland is one of the salivary glands, so KAM.FA.AA is the closest match but covers all salivary glands rather than the parotid specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
274067001 (Incision of pilonidal sinus)maps to wider conceptLAB.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no specific code for incision of a pilonidal sinus; LAB.FA.AA covers incision of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk (which anatomically encompasses the sacrococcygeal/gluteal cleft region where pilonidal sinuses occur), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
7647001 (Incision of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)The ICHI code covers incision of either the salivary gland or its duct, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to the gland itself; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
41447009 (Incision of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI always encodes skin incision combined with subcutaneous tissue and organises codes by body region; this NEC residual code covers incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue without a specified body region, which is broader than the SNOMED concept (skin only) and serves as the best available match for an unspecified-site skin incision.
71965007 (Incision of skin of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)This ICHI code matches the trunk location exactly and uses the same incision action, but is broader because it covers both skin and subcutaneous cell tissue together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies skin only.
359570005 (Incision of spinal cord meninges)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABC (Interventions on spinal meninges)ICHI has no specific "incision of spinal meninges" category code — the block BlockL5-ABC covers all interventions on spinal meninges (biopsy, drainage, excision, repair, etc.) but no FA (incision) action exists for this target. Assigning the block as a wider match is the best available option given the confirmed absence of an assignable incision code.
730005 (Incision of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match but is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than subcutaneous tissue alone, and the NEC qualifier signals it is a residual/unspecified-site code covering body locations not individually classified elsewhere in the LA blocks.
173498000 (Incision of sublingual gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct (major or minor), while the SNOMED concept is specific to the sublingual gland only. The ICHI target axis encompasses all salivary glands, making it broader than this specific anatomical concept.
173497005 (Incision of submandibular gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct, whereas the SNOMED concept targets only the submandibular (one of the three major salivary glands). The ICHI code is broader by encompassing all salivary glands and their ducts.
33156000 (Incision of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI encodes tendon-cutting actions by site, and the unspecified-site code MRT.FB.AA (division/tenotomy) is the closest procedural match to a generic tendon incision, but ICHI's "division" (FB action axis) may imply complete transection rather than a simple incision, and the SNOMED concept is not site-specific — making the ICHI code broader in anatomical scope.
58651001 (Incision of thenar space)maps to wider conceptMGL.FA.AA (Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)The thenar space is a specific fascial compartment of the palm, and incising it maps best to incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger (MGL.FA.AA), but this ICHI code is broader as it covers all fascial/ligamentous structures of the hand rather than the thenar space specifically.
367408005 (Incision of thorax)maps to wider conceptJCH.FA.AA (Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified)"Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified" is the closest ICHI code for a general incision of the thorax — thoracotomy literally means incision into the thoracic cavity. However, the ICHI code sits within the "Interventions on thoracic cavity" block and its "NEC" qualifier makes it slightly broader than a plain incision of thorax, which could also refer to the chest wall; no chest wall incision code exists in ICHI.
73610000 (Incision of tonsil)maps to wider conceptDAA.FA.AC (Incision of tonsil or peritonsillar structures)The ICHI code covers both incision of the tonsil and incision of peritonsillar structures (e.g., peritonsillar abscess drainage), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to incision of the tonsil itself.
360820005 (Incision of urethral stricture with laser)maps to wider conceptNAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy)NAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy) represents open incision of the urethra and captures the procedure type, but the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the operative means — a clinically important distinction — and ICHI has no separate laser-specific urethrotomy code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
193505000 (Incision of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.FA.AA (Incision of soft palate)ICHI has no specific code for incision of the uvula; the closest available code targets the soft palate as a whole (of which the uvula is a part), making it anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept.
441552002 (Incision of vein using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptIZD.FA.AA (Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.FA.AA captures the correct target (vein) and action (incision) but is broader in two dimensions: it does not specify a body site, and it does not encode the ultrasound guidance means (BJ) that is definitional to the SNOMED concept.
33782002 (Incisional biopsy of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.AD.AA (Biopsy of cranial nerve or ganglion)AAN.AD.AA covers biopsy of the cranial nerve but also includes ganglion, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the cranial nerve itself. ICHI does not distinguish incisional (open) from other biopsy approaches at this level; the AA means code (open) aligns with the incisional technique, so this is the closest available code.
234899002 (Incisional biopsy of lesion of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AD.AC (Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of mouth as a target; the best available code covers the oral cavity NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific anatomical site (floor of mouth) and lesion focus. The AC means (without incision/endoscopic) does not fully capture the incisional technique, further reducing precision.
282367003 (Incisional biopsy of lesion of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of lip)ICHI's "Biopsy of lip" (action axis AD) covers biopsy of the lip broadly without distinguishing incisional from other biopsy techniques, and does not restrict to a lesion specifically — making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the incisional method and a lesion target.
282369000 (Incisional biopsy of lesion of palate)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AD.AC (Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI separates the palate into hard palate (KAT.AD.AA) and soft palate (KAS.AD.AC) with no single unspecified-palate biopsy code; the fallback NEC code for the oral cavity is the best available match but is substantially broader, covering the entire oral cavity rather than the palate specifically.
282365006 (Incisional biopsy of lesion of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.AD.AC (Biopsy of tongue)ICHI's "Biopsy of tongue" matches the anatomical target precisely, but the action axis AD represents biopsy in general without distinguishing incisional technique, and the lesion specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code broader.
445462001 (Incisional biopsy of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.AD.AA (Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)ICHI "Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified" matches the procedure and anatomical target, but covers biopsy of any unspecified lymph node without specifying incisional technique; site-specific lymph node biopsy codes (cervical, axillary, etc.) exist if the location is known.
74184007 (Incisional discission of lens capsule, initial)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)Capsulotomy (BBF.FA.AA) covers incision of the lens capsule as a general procedure, which aligns well with incisional discission of lens capsule; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the incisional/discission technique or the "initial" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.
436681000124105 (Increased carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no code specific to carbohydrate-modified diets; "Prescription of food" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the closest match as it represents the clinical act of prescribing a particular food/dietary regimen, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a high-carbohydrate dietary prescription.
1148495004 (Increased complex carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)As with the parent concept, ICHI has no code for a complex carbohydrate-specific diet; "Prescription of food" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is considerably broader and does not capture the specificity of complex carbohydrates versus simple carbohydrates.
436721000124103 (Increased energy diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)An increased energy (high-calorie) diet is a specific dietary prescription with no dedicated ICHI code; "Prescription of food" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the best available match, representing the broader clinical act of prescribing a dietary regimen without the energy-content specificity of the SNOMED concept.
1055203007 (Increased fat and oil diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)ICHI has no code specifically for a high-fat/oil dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing a specific eating behaviour pattern, which is the closest clinical intervention concept, but it is broader as it encompasses any eating behaviour prescription, not fat/oil intake specifically.
439071000124106 (Increased fluid diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)ICHI does not have a specific code for prescribing increased fluid intake; the SMG (Drinking) block contains assessment and training codes but no prescription code for fluid intake, while VEA.TI.ZZ represents prescribing an eating/drinking behaviour pattern and is the best available fit, though broader than the SNOMED concept.
1142126006 (Increased linoleic acid diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)ICHI contains no code for prescribing a specific fatty acid (linoleic acid) diet; VEA.TI.ZZ is the best available match as it captures the clinical act of prescribing a specific eating behaviour, but it is substantially broader and does not encode the specific nutrient target.
1156443007 (Increased plant fiber diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)No ICHI code exists for a plant-fibre-specific dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ represents the general act of prescribing an eating behaviour change, which subsumes the concept of prescribing a high-fibre diet but at a much coarser level of granularity.
1055200005 (Increased protein and/or protein derivative diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)ICHI has no specific code for a high-protein dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ is the best fit as it captures the prescribing of an eating behaviour regimen, though it is broader and does not distinguish between the type of macronutrient being increased.
1148497007 (Increased simple carbohydrate diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI's "Prescription of food" covers the act of prescribing a dietary regimen, which encompasses a high-carbohydrate diet prescription, but is broader in that it applies to any food prescription, not specifically simple carbohydrates. No more specific ICHI code for carbohydrate-specific dietary prescriptions exists.
763779006 (Increasing dosage of medication)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI's "Pharmacotherapy prescription" is the closest available concept covering medication management decisions, but it is broader — it covers any act of prescribing pharmacotherapy and does not specifically encode the action of increasing (titrating up) an existing dose. No ICHI code for dose adjustment or titration exists.
702541004 (Incretin mimetic therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Incretin mimetics (GLP-1 receptor agonists/DPP-4 inhibitors) are a pharmacotherapy class; the best ICHI approximation is administration of pharmacotherapy at an unspecified route, but ICHI has no code specific to incretin-class agents or diabetes pharmacotherapy, making this a broad approximation.
736695003 (Incretin mimetic therapy management)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)"Management" of incretin mimetic therapy implies ongoing clinical oversight and prescribing decisions; "Pharmacotherapy prescription" is the closest ICHI concept covering the prescribing/management dimension, but is far broader and not specific to incretin agents or diabetes care.
4758006 (Incudostapediopexy)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Incudostapediopexy is a specific ossicular chain repair procedure in which the incus is fixed to the stapes; ICHI's "Ossicular chain reconstruction" (block: Interventions on ossicles of ear) is the correct structural category but broader, covering all types of ossicular reconstruction rather than this specific incudo-stapedial fixation technique.
15883007 (Incudostapediopexy with incus replacement)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Incudostapediopexy with incus replacement is a specific type of ossicular chain reconstruction involving refixation of the incus onto the stapes with prosthetic incus replacement; CBF.ML.AC captures the broader class of ossicular reconstruction procedures and is the closest available ICHI code in the ossicles-of-ear block. No ICHI code exists for this specific technique.
6745008 (Indirect laryngoscopy with removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptJAN.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from larynx)The SNOMED concept specifies the indirect (mirror-based) approach for laryngoscopy with foreign body removal, whereas JAN.JD.AD covers endoscopic foreign body removal from the larynx more broadly and does not distinguish indirect mirror laryngoscopy from other endoscopic techniques.
1290925004 (Indirect surgical corneal neurotization using sural nerve graft to contralateral supratrochlear nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)Corneal neurotization via sural nerve graft to the contralateral supratrochlear nerve is a highly specific peripheral nerve grafting procedure to restore corneal sensation; the closest structural match in ICHI is ACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft), which covers the general class without specificity to donor/recipient nerves, the indirect technique, or the corneal target.
241410007 (Indium-111 granulocyte study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no specific code for radiolabelled granulocyte (white cell) scintigraphy; the closest available code is the whole-body radioisotope scan, which is broader because it covers any radioisotope tracer and any indication, whereas the SNOMED concept describes Indium-111 labelled granulocyte study used for infection/inflammation localisation.
1255638000 (Individual consultation with midwife)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI contains no code specifically representing a clinical consultation by or with a midwife; the closest structural match is the whole-person health management encounter category, which is broader as it does not specify the clinician type, individual nature, or maternity context.
18512000 (Individual psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI structures psychotherapy codes by target rather than by delivery format (individual vs group); AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best umbrella match, broader in not being restricted to individual delivery and simultaneously narrower in specifying mental functions as the target.
385876007 (Individual safety assessment)maps to wider conceptVC1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified)ICHI's safety assessment code sits within the health-related behaviours chapter and focuses on safety-related behaviours, whereas the SNOMED concept "individual safety assessment" is broader in clinical use (fall risk, self-harm, environmental hazard, general personal safety). The ICHI code is the closest match available.
385878008 (Individual safety education)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)VC1.PM.ZZ covers education directed at safety-related behaviours broadly, which encompasses individual safety education, but the ICHI code does not specify that the education is delivered to an individual rather than a group.
52660002 (Induced termination of pregnancy following intra-amniotic injection with hysterotomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JE.AA (Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy)NME.JE.AA covers termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy, which matches the hysterotomy component, but the ICHI code does not capture the additional specificity of a preceding intra-amniotic injection as the method of induction.
308693008 (Induction of hypothermia)maps to wider conceptPZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)PZA.SE.ZZ covers deliberate reduction of central body temperature by any means, which encompasses therapeutic hypothermia induction, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the intent of induction and includes cooling for any purpose.
228644005 (Industrial therapy)maps to wider conceptSU2.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)Industrial therapy is a specific form of work-based rehabilitation that uses productive activity and employment tasks therapeutically; the ICHI code is broader, covering general vocational reintegration training rather than the therapeutic/occupational-rehabilitation-specific framing.
15376006 (Infant development screening)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly across all ages and does not specify the infant age group or the screening-programme modality; it is wider than a concept specifically denoting infant developmental screening.
386461003 (Infant nutrition education)maps to wider conceptVEA.PM.ZZ (Education to influence eating behaviours)VEA.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at eating behaviours generally and is the closest ICHI category, but it does not restrict to infants or to nutritional content specifically; the breastfeeding-specific VEH.PM.ZZ is too narrow, making VEA.PM.ZZ the best available fit.
63994009 (Infection prevention education)maps to wider conceptVED.PM.ZZ (Education to influence hygiene behaviours)"Infection prevention education" is delivered primarily through hygiene behaviour education in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all hygiene behaviour education without being restricted to infection prevention as a clinical purpose.
243790003 (Infection screening)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI has no code specifically for infection screening; population public health surveillance is the closest match, encompassing surveillance and screening activities at population level. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all types of surveillance beyond infection-specific screening.
170502008 (Infection surveillance)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI does not have a dedicated infectious disease surveillance code; population public health surveillance is the closest structural match, covering systematic monitoring of population health states. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to all public health surveillance topics.
231698008 (Inferior oblique Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)The Faden procedure (posterior fixation suture) involves suturing an extraocular muscle to the sclera to restrict its field of action, a form of fixation of an ocular muscle. BDA.LC.AA is the only ICHI code covering this technique but is broader as it does not specify the inferior oblique muscle, the posterior fixation approach, or the Faden name.
231679006 (Inferior rectus Faden)maps to wider conceptBDA.LC.AA (Fixation of ocular muscles)As with the inferior oblique Faden, this is a posterior fixation suture procedure applied to the inferior rectus muscle; BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles generically but does not differentiate by muscle or technique.
854571000000100 (Inflation of breast tissue expander)maps to wider conceptLCA.SN.AE (Management of internal device of breast)LCA.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment/inflation) of any internal breast device via percutaneous approach, which aligns procedurally with inflating a tissue expander; however, it is broader because it encompasses all types of breast device management rather than being specific to tissue expander inflation.
449147001 (Infracoccygeal hysteropexy)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)Infracoccygeal hysteropexy (posterior IVS) is a specific transvaginal technique for uterine suspension using a mesh/tape passed via the infracoccygeal route; NME.LC.AA is the correct anatomical category but broader, covering all approaches. The more specific NME.LC.AC targets the uterosacral ligament rather than the sacrospinous/infracoccygeal route.
278732002 (Infraorbital incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for an infraorbital incision; the best available code covers incision of skin and subcutaneous tissue without topographic specification, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the infraorbital region specifically.
1287908002 (Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Infrared photocoagulation is a thermal destruction technique applied to a skin lesion of the head; ICHI's destruction code captures the destructive action and the head/neck body region but is broader because it does not specify the infrared modality, conflates head and neck, and is not lesion-specific.
1287909005 (Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Infrared photocoagulation of a neck skin lesion maps to the same ICHI destruction code for head or neck skin, which is broader because it spans both head and neck, omits the infrared instrument specification, and is not lesion-specific.
252462002 (Infrared thermometry)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)Infrared thermometry is a specific non-contact technique for measuring body temperature; the ICHI code covers all methods of body temperature measurement without specifying the infrared approach.
385751004 (Infusion care assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Infusion care assessment" is a specific nursing assessment of a patient receiving IV infusion therapy, whereas PZB.AA.ZZ is a broad general health assessment of the whole person. ICHI has no code specifically for assessment of infusion care status, making this the closest available code at the cost of significant generality.
38216008 (Infusion chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)PZA.DB.AF covers intravenous (percutaneous transluminal) delivery of pharmacotherapy to the whole body, which aligns with the IV route of infusion chemotherapy, but the ICHI code is not specific to antineoplastic agents or malignant disease — it covers any drug administered by this route.
1332482003 (Infusion of arsenic trioxide)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a cytotoxic/antineoplastic agent delivered intravenously (percutaneous transluminal route), so PZA.DB.AF captures the administration method and the broad pharmacotherapy category, but lacks specificity to this particular drug or its oncological indication.
409559006 (Infusion of botulism antitoxin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Botulism antitoxin is an immunological agent (antitoxin/antibody preparation) administered intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF the best match; however, the ICHI code covers all immunological agents given IV and does not distinguish antitoxins from other immunological products or their indication.
879914006 (Infusion of donor leukocytes)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI has no specific code for donor leukocyte infusion (a form of adoptive immunotherapy). The closest is DIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products), which sits within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system block and covers infusion of cellular blood components including leukocytes, but is broader as it encompasses all blood and blood product transfusions.
50060131000188104 (Infusion of epinephrine)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code specific to epinephrine (adrenaline) infusion, nor any dedicated catecholamine/vasopressor administration code. PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match under the general pharmacotherapy administration cluster; it is broader as it covers any drug by any route rather than specifically intravenous epinephrine.
50060141000188106 (Infusion of norepinephrine)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)As with epinephrine, ICHI contains no dedicated code for norepinephrine (noradrenaline) infusion. PZA.DB.AZ represents the closest available category under the general pharmacotherapy administration block, and is broader as it is not specific to any agent or intravenous route.
1156750005 (Infusion of plasma substitute)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI has no dedicated code for plasma substitutes (colloids/volume expanders such as albumin, dextran, gelatins). DIA.DG.AF is the closest match within the blood interventions block; however it is broader as it encompasses all blood and blood product transfusions, not just plasma substitutes.
440372004 (Infusion of stem cells into cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptDGA.KD.AF (Bone marrow or stem cell transplant)ICHI has no code capturing the specific combination of intraarterial stem cell delivery into the cerebral artery with fluoroscopic guidance. DGA.KD.AF is the closest available code, capturing the stem cell transplant action, but it is broader as it does not encode the route, technique, or target organ specificity.
295761005 (Infusion of steroid)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no steroid-specific or corticosteroid infusion code; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest general pharmacotherapy administration code under the "whole body" interventions block, but it is broader in that it covers any drug by any route rather than specifically steroids by intravenous infusion.
384699002 (Infusion of tetanus antitoxin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Tetanus antitoxin is an immunological agent (passive immunotherapy), and the intravenous route matches infusion; however, the ICHI code covers any immunological agent administered IV, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies tetanus antitoxin in particular.
449365007 (Infusion of vancomycin)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no antibiotic-specific or vancomycin infusion code; PZA.DB.AZ is the most applicable general pharmacotherapy administration category, but it is broader in both the drug class (any pharmacotherapy) and the unspecified route compared to the SNOMED concept specifying vancomycin IV infusion.
120208006 (Inguinal region destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAM (Interventions on abdominal wall, inguinal)The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified destructive procedure of the inguinal region, but ICHI's only inguinal-region codes under PAM are limited to hernia repair; the sole inguinal destructive code in ICHI (DFM.GA.BA) is specific to inguinal lymph node destruction by radiotherapy and would be too narrow. The PAM block is therefore the closest higher-level grouping covering inguinal region interventions.
120197000 (Inguinal region excision)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAM (Interventions on abdominal wall, inguinal)ICHI has no generic "excision of the inguinal region" code — the only inguinal excision codes within the PAM block are specific to inguinal hernia repair or inguinal lymph node excision. The inguinal block BlockL5-PAM is the broadest applicable container; the SNOMED concept is a high-level category that does not specify a target tissue, making a block-level assignment appropriate with a wider equivalence.
385855002 (Inhalation therapy education)maps to wider conceptJTB.PM.ZZ (Education about respiration function)JTB.PM.ZZ covers patient education relating to respiration function broadly, which is the closest ICHI match to educating a patient about inhalation therapy. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all respiration-function education rather than being specific to the inhalation-route therapeutic technique.
241708009 (Inhalational sedation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AC (Inhalational anaesthesia)PZA.DC.AC covers inhalational anaesthesia broadly, which encompasses the inhalational route for sedation; however, it does not distinguish sedation (a lesser depth of consciousness suppression) from full anaesthesia, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
57274006 (Initial hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generally and includes haemodialysis, but does not distinguish initial/first-session dialysis from ongoing dialysis sessions, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
185539000 (Initial patient "call")maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a specific code for an initial telephone contact/call with a patient. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available code under "Interventions on whole person," but it is broader, covering any unspecified health encounter rather than specifically an initial telephone call.
165171009 (Initial psychiatric evaluation)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specific to a psychiatric evaluation or mental health assessment per se. AT2.AA.ZZ is the best fit, covering comprehensive assessment of overarching mental function domains, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a structured psychiatric evaluation.
385789009 (Injection administration assessment)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)ICHI's UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications) covers evaluation relating to medications in general, which is the closest match to assessing injection administration. It is broader, as the SNOMED concept specifically refers to assessing the process of administering an injection, whereas the ICHI code covers medication assessment more generally.
178765006 (Injection into paraspinal area)maps to wider conceptMRM.DB.AE (Injection into muscle of unspecified site)The paraspinal area consists primarily of the paraspinal muscles adjacent to the spine; ICHI has no specific paraspinal or vertebral-region muscle injection code, so MRM.DB.AE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any muscle site, not specifically the paraspinal region.
1285265006 (Injection into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AE is the only generic subcutaneous injection code in ICHI and captures the target tissue correctly; it is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue together under an unspecified-site residual category, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies subcutaneous tissue only.
288045002 (Injection of amnion for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMM.DB.AE (Injection or infusion into amnion)NMM.DB.AE correctly captures injection into the amnion (intra-amniotic injection) as the procedure target and route; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the clinical purpose is termination of pregnancy — it covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of indication.
1287987005 (Injection of amniotic fluid)maps to wider conceptNMM.DB.AE (Injection or infusion into amnion)NMM.DB.AE covers injection or infusion into the amnion (amniotic sac), which is the anatomically correct target for injecting amniotic fluid; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any injectate and also includes infusion, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies amniotic fluid as the substance injected.
11055001 (Injection of anesthetic agent into facial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The facial nerve (CN VII) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is the correct structural match; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any cranial nerve, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the facial nerve specifically.
736344006 (Injection of anesthetic agent into ganglion impar)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The ganglion impar is the unpaired coccygeal sympathetic ganglion; ICHI has anesthetic injection codes for named sympathetic nerve segments (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) but no specific code for ganglion impar, making the generic peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection code the closest available match, though it is broader and less precise.
62418006 (Injection of anesthetic agent into spinal accessory nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) is classified as a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is the structurally correct ICHI category; the code is wider because it encompasses any cranial nerve rather than the spinal accessory nerve specifically.
21879001 (Injection of anesthetic agent into stellate ganglion)maps to wider conceptADB.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cervical sympathetic nerve)The stellate ganglion is the inferior cervical (stellate) ganglion, part of the cervical sympathetic chain, so ADB.DC.AE covers the correct action (anaesthetic injection) and region (cervical sympathetic), but the ICHI code applies to the broader cervical sympathetic nerve rather than the specific stellate ganglion structure.
43066008 (Injection of anesthetic agent into trigeminal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE captures the correct action and class of structure, but the ICHI code covers all cranial nerves rather than the trigeminal nerve specifically.
448192003 (Injection of autologous blood into tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.DB.AE (Injection into tendon of unspecified site)MRT.DB.AE captures the injection action and the tendon target, matching the structural basis of the procedure; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the injected substance (autologous blood) and leaves the site unspecified, whereas the SNOMED concept implies any tendon site with a defined substance.
447366001 (Injection of autologous whole blood into spinal epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ABG.DB.AE captures injection into the spinal canal generally, which encompasses the epidural space, but it does not specify the epidural compartment in particular, nor does it specify the substance as autologous whole blood. ICHI is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
870259003 (Injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate)maps to wider conceptDGA.DB.AE (Injection into bone marrow)DGA.DB.AE matches the target site (bone marrow) and the action (injection), but it does not capture the specific substance (bone marrow aspirate concentrate) being injected nor does it encode the autologous/concentrate nature of the material, making the ICHI code broader.
745648008 (Injection of cytotoxic substance)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)ICHI encodes the delivery of pharmacotherapy by the percutaneous (injection) route at a whole-body/unspecified-topography level, which subsumes cytotoxic injection but does not capture the cytotoxic nature of the substance; PZA.DB.AE is broader because it covers any pharmacotherapy given percutaneously, not only cytotoxic agents.
1217591002 (Injection of drug or medicament)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy with no specified route, which best matches this unspecified-route SNOMED concept; it is wider because it applies to any pharmacotherapy, not only drugs given by injection, but it is a better fit than the percutaneous-specific code since the SNOMED concept does not specify the injection route either.
180191005 (Injection of gamma globulin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) is an immunological agent, and the typical administration route is intravenous; however, DTB.DB.AF covers any immunological agent given intravenously, making it broader than the specific gamma globulin SNOMED concept.
231778007 (Injection of gas/air into vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE precisely targets the vitreous body as the anatomical site of injection, matching the SNOMED concept's location; however, ICHI does not specify the substance (gas/air) in the title, making the ICHI code wider in that it would encompass any agent injected into the vitreous body.
70763004 (Injection of ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.DB.AE (Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated ligament injection code; MRS.DB.AE covers injection into soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than ligament specifically. Ligaments are a subset of soft tissue, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
433217002 (Injection of nerve root of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)ABN.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal nerve without specifying the spinal level or imaging guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to lumbar nerve root with fluoroscopic guidance. No ICHI code encodes level-specific nerve root injection or fluoroscopic means for this target.
431552004 (Injection of nerve root of sacral spine using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABN.DB.AE (Injection into spinal nerve)As with the lumbar concept, ABN.DB.AE is the best available match for sacral nerve root injection but is broader, covering all spinal nerve injections without specifying sacral level or fluoroscopic guidance.
231373000 (Injection of neurolytic substance to abdominal cutaneous nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI captures the percutaneous destructive intent of a neurolytic injection to a peripheral nerve, but does not distinguish the specific abdominal cutaneous nerve target — the ICHI code covers any peripheral nerve, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
231374006 (Injection of neurolytic substance to anococcygeal nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)The neurolytic injection to the anococcygeal nerve is a chemical nerve destruction procedure, well matched by the percutaneous destruction action; however, ICHI does not identify the anococcygeal nerve specifically as a target within this code, so the ICHI code is broader.
231368006 (Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve by extraoral approach)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI captures the percutaneous chemical destruction of a peripheral nerve but does not encode the specific infraorbital nerve target nor the extraoral approach distinction, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
231367001 (Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve by intraoral approach)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)This concept is semantically identical to 231368006 except for the intraoral approach, which ICHI also does not distinguish; both map to the same peripheral nerve destruction code, which is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve and does not encode approach route.
699791002 (Injection of neurolytic substance to intercostal nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)A neurolytic intercostal nerve block is a chemical percutaneous nerve destruction procedure; ICHI does not provide a specific intercostal nerve target within the base code, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
231371003 (Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve by extraoral approach)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)The mental nerve is the terminal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), so cranial nerve interventions is the correct target axis. AAN.GA.AE captures both the destructive/neurolytic intent and the extraoral percutaneous approach, but is broader because it covers any cranial nerve rather than specifically the mental nerve.
231370002 (Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve by intraoral approach)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)The intraoral approach corresponds to an open (non-percutaneous) access route, making AAN.GA.AA (open destruction of cranial nerve) the closest match over the percutaneous variant. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve and does not distinguish the specific substance (neurolytic) or the intraoral access route.
64723006 (Injection of recurrent laryngeal nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve)ICHI does not have a code specific to the recurrent laryngeal nerve; the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus (cranial nerve X) but is typically classified anatomically as a peripheral nerve in procedural contexts. ACA.DB.AE covers injection into any peripheral nerve and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
231779004 (Injection of silicone oil into vitreous)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE precisely matches the anatomical target (vitreous body) and the action (injection), but the ICHI code does not specify the injected substance (silicone oil); the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying silicone oil as the agent, making the ICHI code broader.
51898002 (Injection of spinal epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ICHI codes at the level of the spinal canal as a whole rather than the epidural space specifically — the epidural space is a sub-compartment of the spinal canal, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the epidural compartment.
33632000 (Injection of spinal saline)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ICHI captures the anatomical target (spinal canal) but does not encode the substance (saline) as a distinguishing element in its code structure; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers injection of any substance into the spinal canal, not saline specifically.
410572008 (Injection of steroid via intravitreal route)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)BCD.DB.AE captures the intravitreal route and injection into the vitreous body precisely, but does not specify the substance (steroid/corticosteroid), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is substance-specific.
71015001 (Injection of superior laryngeal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), so AAN.DC.AE is the closest structural match; however, it is broader because it covers any cranial nerve and specifies anaesthetic, whereas the SNOMED concept targets a specific nerve branch without constraining the injected substance.
225391007 (Injury assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific "injury assessment" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest broader match but covers all types of health evaluation, not just injury-specific assessment.
120143000 (Inner ear closure)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)ICHI has no code specifically for closure of the inner ear; CCA.MK.AA (repair of inner ear, open approach) is the closest structural match, though repair is broader and encompasses all reconstructive interventions on the inner ear.
275845007 (Inoculating against infection)maps to wider conceptVD (Vaccination)VD covers immunization/inoculation against infection, but it is an action-axis value rather than a specific assignable category code and slightly broader than the SNOMED term, which could also encompass non-vaccine biological inoculations.
394656005 (Inpatient care)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)ICHI has no concept for inpatient or hospital-based care specifically; UEP.RG.ZZ covers delivery of any health service and is therefore considerably broader than inpatient care in particular.
737481003 (Inpatient care management)maps to wider conceptUEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)No ICHI category captures hospital-based care coordination or management; UEP.RG.ZZ is the nearest available code representing health-service delivery but is far broader and does not distinguish inpatient or encode the management dimension.
172362001 (Insertion of adjustable suture into muscle of eye)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)Insertion of an adjustable suture into an extraocular muscle is a specific strabismus surgical technique within the broader category of extraocular muscle repair; BDA.MK.AA does not capture the adjustable-suture technique but is the closest available ICHI category.
57761001 (Insertion of Allen-Brown cannula)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)The Allen-Brown cannula is a specific arteriovenous cannula used for vascular access (primarily haemodialysis); IZD.DL.AA is the residual NEC venous device-insertion code and is the best available match, though broader and not capturing the arteriovenous device-specific nature.
312368002 (Insertion of antireflux prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)An antireflux prosthesis (e.g., LINX device or oesophageal sphincter augmentation implant) is placed at the lower oesophagus; KBA.DL.AC covers device insertion into the oesophagus but does not specify the antireflux function or prosthetic nature.
1217436006 (Insertion of arterial catheter into peripheral artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the percutaneous approach, device insertion, and arterial target via the NEC residual code because no peripheral-specific artery DL code exists; "device" is broader than a monitoring/access catheter.
233404000 (Insertion of arterial stent)maps to wider conceptIZA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept does not specify which artery, so the NEC residual code is the closest available; ICHI's LH action bundles balloon dilatation with stent insertion, making it broader than simple stent placement alone.
236972000 (Insertion of balloon catheter into uterine cavity)maps to wider conceptNME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)NME.DL.AC captures insertion of a device into the uterus via transvaginal route, which aligns with the procedure, but is broader because it does not specify a balloon catheter or the uterine cavity as the precise target.
725935003 (Insertion of biodegradable subacromial spacer)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into shoulder joint)The subacromial spacer is implanted into the shoulder joint space; MDJ.DN.AA is the best anatomical match but is broader, not specifying the subacromial location, the biodegradable nature, or the spacer function.
34779000 (Insertion of bone peg in femoral neck)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)ICHI has no specific code for a bone peg procedure; MLB.DN.AA is the closest anatomical match (femoral neck is part of the femur) but is broader, not specifying the bone peg device or femoral-neck sub-location.
232160007 (Insertion of bone pins for aural prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)Bone pins for an aural prosthesis (e.g., bone-anchored hearing aid retainer) are surgically inserted into the skull/temporal bone; MAA.DN.AA covers device implantation into the skull but is broader and does not specify the temporal-bone sub-site, pin device, or prosthesis-anchoring purpose.
54356007 (Insertion of carotid pacemaker)maps to wider conceptIBB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into carotid artery)A carotid pacemaker (baroreceptor/carotid sinus stimulator) is implanted at the carotid artery; IBB.DL.AA is the best available match but is broader, not specifying that the device is a stimulator targeting the baroreceptors for blood-pressure modulation.
735414004 (Insertion of catheter into peripheral vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into an unspecified vein, which is broader than the SNOMED specificity of a catheter into a peripheral vein; no dedicated ICHI code distinguishes peripheral from central venous access.
84845008 (Insertion of catheter into superior vena cava)maps to wider conceptHIB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into superior vena cava)HIB.DL.AF precisely targets the superior vena cava with device insertion, matching the anatomical site and action, but specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic, and "device" is broader than catheter.
225257005 (Insertion of cervical cap)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)A cervical cap is a vaginal barrier device placed against the cervix; NMH.DL.AC is the closest available code but is broader, covering any vaginal device, and ICHI has no dedicated code for cervical cap or diaphragm insertion.
180272001 (Insertion of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)The SNOMED concept is specific to inserting a CAPD catheter, while KMA.DN.AE covers any percutaneous implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, making it broader.
1231173002 (Insertion of complete fixed orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth and is the best available code in the ICHI teeth-interventions block; broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a complete fixed orthodontic appliance.
173555001 (Insertion of copper wire into cheek)maps to wider conceptLAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck)The cheek falls within the head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue region; LAA.DL.AA is the best match but broader, covering any device in any head or neck subcutaneous site without distinguishing the specific material (copper wire) or precise target (cheek/buccal tissue).
14117005 (Insertion of Crosby-Cooney button into abdomen)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)The Crosby-Cooney button is a low-profile gastrostomy device inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall; KBF.DL.AC aligns well anatomically and procedurally but is broader, covering any stomach device without specifying the gastrostomy-button approach.
56816001 (Insertion of Davidson button into abdomen)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)A Davidson button is a specific abdominal drain/tube device inserted into the peritoneal cavity; KMA.DN.AA is the best structural match but broader, not specifying the device type or drainage function.
716629007 (Insertion of deep brain electrical stimulation system lead into brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into brain)AAA.DL.AA matches the action and target, but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the device type (deep brain stimulation lead) and therapeutic purpose; ICHI has no dedicated DBS-specific code.
1285052006 (Insertion of dental bridge onto tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the closest ICHI code for fixed prosthetic dental work; a dental bridge is a form of tooth restoration, but the ICHI code is broader and does not distinguish bridge placement from other restorative procedures such as fillings or crowns.
1370950008 (Insertion of device into cardiovascular system)maps to wider conceptIZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering any device insertion in the cardiovascular system; IZE.DL.AF is the closest NEC code for vascular device insertion but is restricted to percutaneous transluminal approach and blood vessels (excluding cardiac chambers), so SNOMED is wider in scope.
56570009 (Insertion of diaphragm into vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a contraceptive diaphragm; no ICHI category specifically for contraceptive diaphragm insertion exists.
439005000 (Insertion of distraction device into posterior lumbar spinous process)maps to wider conceptMBM.DN.AA (Implantation of device into lumbar spine)MBM.DN.AA captures device implantation into the lumbar spine generally; broader than the SNOMED specificity of a distraction device placed at the posterior lumbar spinous process.
432105003 (Insertion of drain into biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.JB.AF (Percutaneous drainage of bile duct)KCM.JB.AF covers percutaneous drainage of the bile duct, the principal structure drained; "biliary tract" in SNOMED is broader than "bile duct," and the fluoroscopic guidance modality is not captured in the ICHI means axis.
447388001 (Insertion of drain into pericardium using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFF.JB.AE (Pericardiocentesis)Pericardiocentesis is the standard ICHI code for percutaneous drainage of pericardial fluid, matching target and action well; the fluoroscopic guidance detail is not encoded in the ICHI means axis.
431618007 (Insertion of drain into thorax using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity is the closest ICHI equivalent for a thoracic drain, as the pleural space is the typical anatomical target; "thorax" is broader than "pleural cavity," and ultrasound guidance is not captured in the ICHI means axis.
1287986001 (Insertion of endosponge into rectum using colonoscope)maps to wider conceptKBW.DL.AC (Insertion of device into rectum)The ICHI code correctly captures insertion of a device into the rectum but does not specify the endosponge (a wound-therapy vacuum sponge device) nor the colonoscopic approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429161001 (Insertion of endotracheal tube using laryngoscope)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)The ICHI code captures the core procedure — inserting an endotracheal tube into the trachea — but does not encode the specific means (laryngoscope), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the laryngoscopic approach.
71010006 (Insertion of filling material under skin for filling of defect)maps to wider conceptLZZ.LK.AA (Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes injecting filling material (e.g., a dermal filler) into the subcutaneous space to correct a defect — which maps best to subcutaneous augmentation in ICHI; LZZ.LK.AA is used because the body region is unspecified, but the ICHI code covers any augmentation of subcutaneous tissue rather than specifically filling materials injected for defect correction, making it broader.
1285645005 (Insertion of fixed functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI does not have a dedicated orthodontic appliance category; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code under the teeth block, but it encompasses all dental devices and does not distinguish fixed, functional, or orthodontic appliances, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1264039001 (Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance onto mandibular teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)As with the parent concept, ICHI lacks orthodontic-specific codes; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match for applying a device to teeth, but it does not capture the fixed orthodontic nature of the appliance nor the mandibular jaw specificity.
1264038009 (Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance onto maxillary teeth)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Same rationale as the mandibular concept; ICHI's KAE.LC.AC covers dental device application generically without distinguishing orthodontic appliance type or whether the target is maxillary versus mandibular teeth.
20794002 (Insertion of gastric balloon)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach)A gastric (intragastric) balloon is placed endoscopically into the stomach, which matches the target (stomach), action (device insertion), and means (endoscopic) of KBF.DL.AD; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type (balloon vs. other devices), making the ICHI code broader.
737578005 (Insertion of gastrointestinal tonometer)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)A gastrointestinal tonometer is a monitoring device inserted into the GI tract (most commonly the stomach) to measure intraluminal CO2 for gut perfusion assessment; ICHI has no tonometry-specific code, and KBF.DL.AC covers device insertion into the stomach but is broader, lacking the specificity of tonometer type, measurement purpose, or possible intestinal placement.
172280008 (Insertion of gold weight into upper eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into eyelid)A gold weight is a specific implantable device inserted into the upper eyelid for lagophthalmos correction; BAA.DL.AA correctly captures the target (eyelid) and action (device insertion) but is broader in that it does not distinguish upper from lower eyelid, nor does it specify the device type (gold weight implant vs. other eyelid devices).
428004000 (Insertion of hearing implant into middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBA.DN.AC (Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified)This ICHI code sits under the middle ear block and describes implantation of any internal device, which accurately captures the anatomical site and the nature of the procedure. It is wider because it is not restricted to hearing implants and covers any implanted middle ear device (e.g., ossicular prostheses, drug delivery devices).
425864002 (Insertion of hormone into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes inserting a hormone (typically as a pellet or depot implant) into subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with percutaneous device insertion into skin and subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any subcutaneous device insertion regardless of body region and substance type, and does not specify hormones.
446583004 (Insertion of indwelling catheter into urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD covers insertion of any device into the urinary bladder, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an indwelling (Foley-type) catheter specifically; there is no ICHI category for catheter-only insertion into the bladder.
398182006 (Insertion of inferior vena caval filter)maps to wider conceptHIC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava)HIC.DL.AF covers any percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the inferior vena cava and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a filter specifically; notably, the superior vena cava has a dedicated filter-specific code (HIB.DL.AA) but no equivalent filter-specific code exists for the IVC in ICHI.
715074009 (Insertion of intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis implant)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)ICHI covers implantation of a device into bone generically, capturing the osseointegrated implant concept, but does not encode the transcutaneous or amputation-prosthesis specificity. Since the SNOMED concept is not constrained to a specific bone site, the unspecified-site code is preferred over the femur-specific code, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
1036001 (Insertion of intravascular device in common iliac vein, complete)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to the common iliac vein; the NEC residual for percutaneous device insertion into a vein is the closest match, but it loses the iliac vein anatomical specificity and does not capture the "complete" qualifier that SNOMED encodes.
84379001 (Insertion of intravascular device in common iliac vein, partial)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)Same reasoning as the "complete" variant — ICHI has no specific code for common iliac vein device insertion, and the NEC vein code does not distinguish between complete and partial device placement, making it semantically broader than this SNOMED concept.
85179000 (Insertion of laminaria into cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)NMF.LH.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal combined with device insertion via the transvaginal route, which is the mechanical effect achieved by inserting a laminaria tent; however, the ICHI code does not specify laminaria as the dilating agent and applies to any device, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
232572009 (Insertion of laryngeal keel)maps to wider conceptJAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)JAN.DL.AC directly matches the act of inserting a device into the larynx, which is precisely what insertion of a laryngeal keel accomplishes; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal device rather than specifying a keel implant used to prevent anterior commissure re-stenosis.
1285650004 (Insertion of lower removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC represents the application of a dental device, which encompasses fitting a removable orthodontic appliance; however, it is broader as it does not distinguish between removable and fixed appliances, between arches (upper vs. lower), or between orthodontic and other dental device types.
234785005 (Insertion of malleable restoration into tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" encompasses all direct restorations (amalgam, composite, glass ionomer), of which a malleable/plastic restoration is one specific type. The ICHI code does not distinguish the material or technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
310667009 (Insertion of Medicarb rods)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)Medicarb rods are bioresorbable calcium carbonate rods implanted as bone void fillers in orthopaedic surgery; MRB.DN.AA captures the act of implanting a device into bone but is broader as it specifies no anatomical site and no material, covering a far wider range of bone implant procedures.
234690000 (Insertion of membrane into periodontal tissue)maps to wider conceptKAG.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of gingiva)KAG.DL.AC captures insertion of an internal device into the gingival/periodontal area, which aligns with guided tissue regeneration membrane placement; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any gingival internal device, not specifically a membrane for periodontal regeneration.
30631006 (Insertion of metal device into nasal cartilage)maps to wider conceptJAA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into nose)JAA.DN.AC covers device implantation into the nose in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the target sub-structure (nasal cartilage) and the material (metal); the ICHI code is broader on both axes.
13820005 (Insertion of metal device into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers device insertion into subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified body site (NEC residual), which is the closest available code, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not restrict the device material to metal and specifies a percutaneous approach that the SNOMED concept does not mandate.
432689006 (Insertion of metal stent into transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches)The ICHI code captures the core procedure elements — percutaneous route and device insertion into the portal venous system — but is wider because it does not encode the transjugular/intrahepatic shunt context, the metal stent material, or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that are specified in the SNOMED concept.
737091001 (Insertion of microstructural scaffold into articular cartilage of knee)maps to wider conceptMMC.MK.AA (Repair of cartilage of knee)ICHI's "Repair of cartilage of knee" is the best available code for this regenerative procedure, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish scaffold-based cartilage repair from other repair techniques, nor does it specify the microstructural implant material.
4457000 (Insertion of mold into vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting a vaginal mold (typically a space-maintaining splint used post-surgery or for dilation). The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device inserted.
450865002 (Insertion of nontunneled hemodialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for a hemodialysis or dialysis catheter; IZD.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal insertion of any device into a vein NEC, which matches the procedural approach but is broader — it does not specify the catheter type, dialysis purpose, or the nontunneled characteristic.
890182003 (Insertion of ocular conformer)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)An ocular conformer is a shell-shaped device placed in the socket after enucleation or evisceration to maintain the conjunctival fornices, which is a type of ocular implant; BZZ.DL.AC for insertion of ocular implant is the best available match but is broader, as it covers all ocular implants and does not distinguish the conformer specifically.
177611004 (Insertion of organic inert substance into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no body-region-unspecified code for subcutaneous device insertion; LAB.DL.AA is the closest assignable category, but it is restricted to the trunk whereas the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified. ICHI uses "device" as the generic object of insertion, which encompasses inert organic substances.
1285469002 (Insertion of orthodontic separator)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An orthodontic separator (interproximal spacer) is a specific type of dental device applied to teeth, and ICHI has no dedicated code for it; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match but covers any dental device application.
235486003 (Insertion of pancreatic duct prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKCO.DL.AD (Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct)KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of any device into the pancreatic duct, which is the typical route for a pancreatic duct prosthesis (stent), but is broader because it encompasses any inserted device rather than specifically a prosthesis/stent.
1269228007 (Insertion of partial lower denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no specific code for insertion of a partial denture; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code but is broader, covering any dental device application regardless of type or jaw.
1269230009 (Insertion of partial upper denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI lacks a code specific to partial upper denture insertion; KAE.LC.AC is the broadest available match within the teeth interventions block and does not distinguish upper from lower jaw or partial from complete prostheses.
233520008 (Insertion of peripheral venous cannula into peripheral vein)maps to wider conceptICD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb)Peripheral venous cannulation most commonly targets upper limb veins; ICD.DL.AF captures a percutaneous device insertion into that vein group, but is wider because it covers any device and all upper limb veins.
233526002 (Insertion of peripheral venous cannula into scalp vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck)Scalp veins are anatomically veins of the head; IBD.DL.AF is the best available match but is broader as it covers all head and neck veins and any device rather than a cannula specifically.
440447000 (Insertion of peripherally inserted central catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures percutaneous insertion of a device into a vein but does not distinguish a PICC from other venous devices, and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast detail.
33331003 (Insertion of permanent atrial pacemaker with transvenous electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI captures permanent transvenous (endocardial) pacemaker implantation but does not distinguish atrial-only pacing from ventricular or dual-chamber, and also encompasses defibrillator systems.
33776000 (Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, AV sequential)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI covers permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator implantation without distinguishing pacing mode or chamber configuration, so the AV sequential (dual-chamber) specificity is lost.
431592002 (Insertion of permanent superior vena cava filter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIB.DL.AA (Insertion of filter in superior vena cava)ICHI specifically codes filter insertion into the superior vena cava, matching the anatomical target and device type well; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance detail and does not distinguish permanent from retrievable filters.
443523006 (Insertion of permanent transvenous electrode of dual chamber pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI codes the implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker system but does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber configurations, nor isolate electrode/lead insertion from full system implantation.
29380005 (Insertion of pessary into cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)NMF.LH.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal with insertion of a device, encompassing pessary insertion but also other cervical devices and implying dilatation as part of the procedure. No ICHI code exists for pessary-specific cervical insertion.
45372001 (Insertion of pessary into vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC describes inserting an internal device into the vagina, capturing the procedural intent of pessary insertion, but is generic to any vaginal device (IUD, ring, packing) rather than pessary-specific.
9407005 (Insertion of pin-retained palatal prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKAT.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of hard palate)A pin-retained palatal prosthesis (obturator) targets the hard palate, and KAT.DN.AA is the closest available ICHI code; however, it encompasses any hard palate device implantation, not specifically a pin-retained prosthetic obturator.
233411001 (Insertion of popliteal artery stent)maps to wider conceptIFA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb)IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion into any lower limb artery, capturing the popliteal stent procedure but is broader because it is not specific to the popliteal artery.
1284879003 (Insertion of post core to tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Post-and-core placement is a restorative dental procedure used to rebuild a tooth prior to crown placement; KAE.MK.AC is the best fitting code but broadly covers all tooth restoration procedures rather than being specific to post-core insertion.
235309006 (Insertion of prosthesis into small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the small intestine, broader than the SNOMED concept's specific reference to a prosthesis. The NEC qualifier confirms this is a residual/broader catch-all.
235241003 (Insertion of prosthesis into stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)KBF.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the stomach via orifice, broader than SNOMED's specific focus on a prosthesis; no ICHI code specifically names a gastric prosthesis insertion.
428034005 (Insertion of prosthesis of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)MRB.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into bone at an unspecified site, aligning with the SNOMED concept's unspecified bone and prosthetic insertion; "device" is broader than "prosthesis".
176235009 (Insertion of prosthetic collar around neck of female urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bladder neck)ICHI has no code specifically for insertion of a prosthetic collar (artificial urinary sphincter) at the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AA is the closest in scope as a reconstructive intervention on the bladder neck.
176276000 (Insertion of prosthetic collar around neck of male urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bladder neck)As with the female equivalent, ICHI lacks a sex-specific code for prosthetic collar insertion at the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AA is the best available match.
60312000 (Insertion of prosthetic device into biliary tract)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the biliary tract via an open approach; slightly broader as it is not restricted to prosthetic devices specifically.
235383005 (Insertion of prosthetic material around anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.DN.AA (Implantation of device into anus)KBX.DN.AA is the closest available code for implanting a device at the anus/anal canal; broader as it covers any device implanted into the anus rather than specifically prosthetic material placed peri-sphincterically.
414511001 (Insertion of punctal plug)maps to wider conceptBAD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lacrimal apparatus)A punctal plug is inserted specifically to occlude the lacrimal punctum and reduce tear drainage, so BAD.LA.AA captures the functional intent well; however, the ICHI code covers the lacrimal apparatus broadly rather than specifically the punctum.
234822001 (Insertion of Ramford occlusal appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, encompassing insertion of an occlusal appliance such as the Ramford type. ICHI does not distinguish between specific appliance subtypes.
1285041000 (Insertion of removable functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC is the closest code covering the fitting/application of an orthodontic appliance to teeth, but is broader — it applies to any dental device and does not differentiate removable, functional, or orthodontic subtypes.
231776006 (Insertion of retinal tacks)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Retinal tacks are small fixation devices used to secure detached or torn retina, a form of retinal repair. BCC.MK.AA is the best available code, but is broader — it covers all retinal repair methods and does not specify a device-insertion/fixation technique.
716143003 (Insertion of segmental instrumentation to spine for spinal arthrodesis)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)Segmental spinal instrumentation is placed specifically to achieve and stabilise spinal arthrodesis/fusion. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the instrumentation technique or spinal region.
236878002 (Insertion of self-retaining catheter through cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)Insertion of a self-retaining catheter through the cervix necessarily involves passage through and often dilatation of the cervical canal. The ICHI code is broader as it combines dilatation with device insertion and does not specify catheter type.
444401001 (Insertion of single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.DN.AF encompasses the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from dual- or multi-chamber systems.
275181008 (Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device into breast)LCA.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the breast, but ICHI does not specify the device type (skin/tissue expander).
177599009 (Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue of head or neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck)LAA.DL.AA covers insertion of a device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, matching the anatomical site and action precisely, but does not specify the device type as a skin/tissue expander.
428441009 (Insertion of spacer into lumbar interspinous process)maps to wider conceptMBM.DN.AA (Implantation of device into lumbar spine)MBM.DN.AA captures implantation of a device into the lumbar spine, but does not specify the device as an interspinous process spacer.
234816005 (Insertion of speech aid)maps to wider conceptJAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)"Insertion of speech aid" most commonly refers to implantation of a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis placed at or near the larynx following laryngectomy; JAN.DL.AC is the closest structural match but is broader.
265144008 (Insertion of staple into epiphysis)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)Staple insertion into an epiphysis is a form of hemi-epiphysiodesis; MRB.DN.AA is the best available match but is broader because it covers any bone device implantation at any site and does not encode the specific target (epiphysis), the device type (staple), or the growth-modulation intent.
397057006 (Insertion of stent in femoral vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb)The femoral vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD.LH.AF correctly captures the anatomical site and procedure (percutaneous transluminal stent/device insertion), but the ICHI code covers all lower limb veins rather than the femoral vein specifically.
233436007 (Insertion of stent into iliac vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)The iliac vein falls under the abdominal/pelvic vein block in ICHI, but that block has no stent/device insertion code; the NEC residual IZD.LH.AF is the best available code, though it is broader as it covers any vein not specifically classified elsewhere.
429079004 (Insertion of stent into portal vein)maps to wider conceptIEF.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches)IEF.LH.AF directly addresses the portal vein and matches the percutaneous transluminal stent/device insertion procedure; slightly broader as the ICHI code also encompasses portal vein branches.
233435006 (Insertion of stent into subclavian vein)maps to wider conceptIDB.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of thorax)The subclavian vein is anatomically a vein of the thorax, and the ICHI code covers percutaneous stent (device) placement via transluminal dilatation in this region, but the target is the entire vein-of-thorax group rather than the subclavian vein specifically.
405434006 (Insertion of subcutaneous access reservoir)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, encompassing subcutaneous port/reservoir implantation, but it is broader as it is not specific to a vascular access reservoir and assumes trunk placement.
176008007 (Insertion of subcutaneous urinary diversion stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)NAE.LI.AA covers urinary diversion broadly but does not capture the specific subcutaneous route or the stent device used; no ICHI code exists for subcutaneous ureteral stent insertion specifically, so the general urinary diversion code is the closest available match.
225079007 (Insertion of suppository)maps to wider conceptKBW.DL.AC (Insertion of device into rectum)Suppositories are most commonly administered rectally, and KBW.DL.AC is the closest ICHI code for inserting an object into the rectum; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated suppository insertion code, and the SNOMED concept is route-unspecified.
57687005 (Insertion of suppository into vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of an internal device into the vagina, which aligns with the target and action; however, ICHI does not distinguish a suppository from other intravaginal devices, so the ICHI code is broader in terms of device type.
428618008 (Insertion of sustained release device into posterior segment of eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)BZZ.DL.AC is the best available ICHI code for inserting a device into the eye, but it does not specify the posterior segment as the target site nor the sustained-release nature of the device.
708911002 (Insertion of temporary catheter into lumbar epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, encompassing lumbar epidural catheter placement, but does not distinguish the epidural space, the lumbar level, or the temporary/catheter nature of the device.
708909006 (Insertion of temporary catheter into thoracic epidural space)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal)The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any spinal canal level, does not distinguish the epidural space from other compartments, and does not specify temporary catheter versus a permanent device.
735953003 (Insertion of temporary neurostimulator into peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into peripheral nerve)The ICHI code covers insertion of any device into a peripheral nerve, encompassing neurostimulator placement, but does not capture the temporary nature of the device, and no more specific peripheral nerve stimulator code exists.
180277007 (Insertion of temporary peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)This is the dedicated ICHI code for peritoneal dialysis, which functionally encompasses catheter insertion for this purpose; the ICHI code describes the dialysis procedure as a whole rather than the specific act of inserting a temporary catheter.
234793005 (Insertion of temporary restoration in tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the ICHI code for tooth restoration, the closest match to inserting a temporary dental restoration; the ICHI code does not distinguish between temporary and permanent restorations.
266913006 (Insertion of Thompson prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)The Thompson prosthesis is a specific cemented femoral hemiarthroplasty of the hip; MLJ.DN.AA captures the correct target and action, but is broader as it does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty or specify the prosthesis type.
1366424006 (Insertion of tissue expander in thorax)maps to wider conceptLAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a tissue expander in the thoracic region; the ICHI code is wider in both device type and anatomical scope.
319175008 (Insertion of tissue expander into breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device into breast)LCA.DL.AA covers any internal device inserted into the breast, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a tissue expander; the ICHI code does not distinguish device type (expander vs. permanent implant).
232686001 (Insertion of tracheal T-tube)maps to wider conceptJBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)JBA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the trachea; the SNOMED concept specifies a T-tube (Montgomery T-tube). No ICHI code exists for a T-tube specifically, so this broader tracheal device implantation code is the best available match.
232618007 (Insertion of tracheo-esophageal valve)maps to wider conceptJBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)A tracheo-esophageal (voice) prosthesis is inserted through the posterior tracheal wall, so the trachea is the operative target; no ICHI code exists for this specific prosthesis type, and JBA.DN.AC is the closest match though broader.
232685002 (Insertion of tracheostomy tube)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)JBA.LI.AA represents the tracheostomy procedure itself, which inherently includes placement of a tracheostomy tube; the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on the tube insertion step, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
432019001 (Insertion of tunneled central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)The SNOMED concept specifies a tunneled CVC inserted under fluoroscopic contrast guidance into a central thoracic vein; ICHI does not capture the tunneling technique, fluoroscopic modality, or contrast use, making the ICHI code broader.
736922008 (Insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIDB.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax)A tunneled hemodialysis catheter is placed percutaneously into a central thoracic vein; ICHI does not distinguish the dialysis-specific purpose, the tunneling technique, or the specific vessel, so the ICHI code is broader.
438375003 (Insertion of tunneled indwelling catheter with cuff into pleura)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)Insertion of a tunneled indwelling pleural catheter (e.g., PleurX) is a percutaneous drainage procedure targeting the pleural cavity; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the tunneled/cuffed long-term indwelling variant.
281584007 (Insertion of underwater seal chest drain)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for inserting an underwater seal chest drain; the closest code covers percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity broadly, encompassing the procedure but not specifying the underwater seal mechanism.
1285648007 (Insertion of upper removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting a removable orthodontic appliance; "Application of dental device" is the closest category and covers placing a dental device, but is broader as it does not distinguish orthodontic appliances or specify upper arch or removability.
445319001 (Insertion of vagal nerve stimulator)maps to wider conceptAAN.DL.AA (Insertion of cranial nerve device)The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve, so inserting a vagal nerve stimulator maps to the cranial nerve device insertion code; this code is broader as it covers any cranial nerve and any device, not specifically the vagus nerve or a neurostimulator.
437021000124102 (Insoluble fiber modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers food modification in general and is the closest ICHI concept available, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a dietary modification targeting insoluble fiber content.
39868003 (Inspection of mouth region)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.AE.AC (oral examination, NEC) is the closest available ICHI code, covering examination of the oral cavity, but it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies inspection of the mouth region.
55870005 (Instillation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no general "instillation" concept; PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying route — closest match to this broad, unspecified SNOMED concept though restricted to pharmacotherapy.
225698005 (Instillation of eye drops to eye)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)ICHI has no site-specific code for instilling drops into the eye; PZA.DB.AH covers topical application of any pharmacotherapy and is the closest conceptual match, but is broader as it is not restricted to the eye or to liquid-drop delivery form.
277265006 (Instillation of nasal spray)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)The nose is a natural orifice, so PZA.DB.AC is the best fit; however, it covers all per-orifice routes (oral, rectal, nasal, etc.) and all agents, making it significantly broader than the specific nasal spray instillation.
277264005 (Instillation of nose drops)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Nose drops are delivered through the nasal orifice, so PZA.DB.AC is the closest ICHI code; broader because it encompasses all per-orifice pharmacotherapy routes and does not distinguish delivery form (spray vs. drops).
711105000 (Instillation of thrombolytic agent into pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptJCH.DB.AD (Injection into thoracic cavity)JCH.DB.AD covers injection of any substance into the thoracic cavity, which encompasses the pleural space, but does not specify the agent type (thrombolytic) or the precise target (pleural cavity vs thoracic cavity generally); no more specific ICHI code for pleural instillation or intrapleural thrombolysis exists.
18011004 (Instillation of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.JA.AC (Irrigation of urinary bladder)ICHI has no dedicated "instillation of bladder" code; irrigation (NAI.JA.AC) is the closest functional equivalent — both involve introducing fluid into the bladder lumen — but irrigation implies lavage/washout whereas instillation implies leaving the agent in place, making ICHI slightly broader in concept.
423201001 (Instructions from the pharmacy)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)"Instructions from the pharmacy" is a specific form of medication counselling/advising; UAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it encompasses any professional providing medication advice rather than pharmacy-specific dispensing instructions.
78899003 (Instrumental conversion of fetal position)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus)NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus) is the best available ICHI code for altering fetal lie/presentation; however, the SNOMED concept specifically implies an instrumental (non-manual) technique, while ICHI does not encode the use of instruments — NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) is more generic, and external version is the closest positional-correction concept, making it wider.
252252006 (Insulin stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ETK.AA.ZZ represents assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly and is the most precise ICHI code for a diagnostic test evaluating endocrine secretory response to insulin stimulation. ICHI lacks a specific code for insulin stimulation testing, so the ICHI code is wider than this particular test.
252255008 (Insulin suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The insulin suppression test assesses endogenous insulin secretory capacity (C-peptide suppression), which falls under assessment of endocrine gland functions. ETK.AA.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code, but it covers all endocrine gland function assessments and is therefore broader than this specific suppression test.
269877001 (Insulin tolerance test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a dynamic assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and growth hormone axes by inducing hypoglycaemia with insulin, which is an assessment of endocrine gland functions. ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but encompasses all such assessments and is therefore broader than this specific test.
252251004 (Insulinoma prolonged fasting test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The insulinoma prolonged fasting test (72-hour fast) is a diagnostic assessment of pancreatic endocrine function to detect autonomous insulin secretion. ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions and is the most specific available match, but it is broader than this highly specific diagnostic procedure for insulinoma.
119826007 (Integumentary system closure)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.MK.AA (repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC) is the closest ICHI concept covering closure/repair of integumentary structures not specified to a body region, sitting within the integumentary system chapter; it is broader than the SNOMED concept as "repair" in ICHI encompasses more than just closure, and the SNOMED term implies a procedure category across the entire integumentary system rather than a single technique.
410342001 (Interaction case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Case coordination" in ICHI covers the coordination and management of a person's care across services, which broadly corresponds to interaction case management; however, ICHI does not distinguish between the modality (interaction-based) or specific sub-type of case management, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
40250003 (Interatrial transposition of venous return)maps to wider conceptHAZ.LI.AA (Atrial baffle procedure)The Mustard and Senning procedures (interatrial transposition of venous return using a baffle) are the canonical "atrial baffle procedures," so HAZ.LI.AA is the appropriate ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any atrial baffle technique, not only the venous-return transposition variant.
178463000 (Intermaxillary fixation of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.LD.AH (Closed reduction of maxillary bone)Intermaxillary fixation is a technique used to immobilise and reduce a fractured maxilla without open surgery, which aligns most closely with closed reduction of the maxillary bone; however, MAF.LD.AH encompasses all closed reduction approaches to the maxilla and does not specify intermaxillary fixation as the means, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
736513001 (Intermediate revision rhinoplasty)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose) is the closest ICHI code for rhinoplasty; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an "intermediate revision" rhinoplasty (i.e., a secondary corrective procedure on the nose). ICHI has no code that distinguishes primary from revision rhinoplasty or captures the intermediate stage.
444777002 (Intermittent clamping of suprapubic urinary catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder) is the closest available ICHI code, as intermittent clamping of a suprapubic catheter is a form of managing a bladder device; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to clamping or suprapubic catheters, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
233587008 (Intermittent hemodiafiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)"Renal dialysis" in ICHI is the closest available code encompassing extracorporeal blood purification techniques applied to the kidney; it does not distinguish between dialysis, filtration, or combined hemodiafiltration modalities, nor does it capture the intermittent scheduling, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
233575001 (Intermittent hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)"Renal dialysis" is the best available ICHI match for hemodialysis, but the ICHI code covers all forms of renal dialysis (including peritoneal) and does not capture the intermittent scheduling modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
233582002 (Intermittent hemofiltration)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)Hemofiltration is a distinct extracorporeal technique from hemodialysis (convection rather than diffusion), but ICHI offers no separate code for hemofiltration; "Renal dialysis" is the broadest applicable code and subsumes hemofiltration under its scope, making it a wider match.
428421004 (Intermittent infusion of therapeutic substance)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI's "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" covers administration of a therapeutic substance without specifying the route or schedule, and thus encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not capture the intermittent infusion method or the intravenous route implied; it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1186741000 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure-control and an assured constant airway pressure high adjunct and pressure-support at the higher pressure level only)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)This highly specific SNOMED concept describes a precise ventilator mode (IMV with PC, CPAP-high adjunct, and pressure support at the higher level), a level of granularity that has no equivalent in ICHI; "Artificial ventilation" is the only assignable ICHI code in this domain and is far broader than the SNOMED concept.
1217390002 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure control and assured constant airway pressure adjunct during the inflation phase)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for artificial ventilation and covers the entire family of mechanical ventilation modes; it does not distinguish IMV from other modes, nor does it capture the highly specific synchronization mechanism, pressure-control modality, or CPAP adjunct described in this SNOMED concept.
1186739001 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure-control and pressure-support inflation and an assured constant airway pressure adjunct)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)As with the closely related concepts, JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI category for any form of mechanical ventilation; the SNOMED concept's specificity regarding pressure-support inflation mode and the CPAP adjunct is entirely lost in the ICHI mapping.
1186737004 (Intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume-targeted pressure-control and pressure-support)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC encompasses all forms of artificial ventilation without differentiating volume-targeted pressure-control or pressure-support modes, making it substantially broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation strategy.
238321006 (Intermittent peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a general procedure without specifying the intermittent modality; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the intermittent schedule, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
387726004 (Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatment without nebulized medication)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering artificial (mechanical) ventilation broadly; it does not capture the specific IPPB technique, the absence of nebulized medication, or the intermittent nature, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
170883007 (Intermittent self-catheterize)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)NAI.DL.AD is the closest ICHI category for passing a catheter into the bladder, but it covers any device insertion (including indwelling catheters) and does not encode the intermittent or self-performed nature of the procedure; ICHI lacks a dedicated clean intermittent self-catheterization code.
180327006 (Internal cardioversion)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia broadly, without specifying the internal (transvenous catheter-based) route, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes internal cardioversion delivered via intracardiac electrodes. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses both internal and external approaches under the same code.
237006006 (Internal conversion of face to vertex)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)Internal conversion of face to vertex is a specific manual intrauterine rotation maneuver used in obstetric labor management; NMR.LD.AC captures fetal rotation in general but does not specify the face-to-vertex direction or the internal approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
112721006 (Internal fixation of bone of vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)Internal fixation involves implanting a device (screw, rod, or plate) into vertebral bone, which maps well to the implantation of device action on the spine. ICHI is wider because it encompasses any device implantation into the spine regardless of purpose (not just fracture fixation or stabilisation) and does not distinguish between bone vs joint targets.
1367692003 (Internal fixation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis using screw)maps to wider conceptMNB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into tibia or fibula)Syndesmotic screw fixation involves implanting a screw through the fibula into the tibia across the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, so implantation of a device into tibia or fibula is the closest available ICHI target. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the syndesmosis specificity, the fracture/instability indication, or the screw as the specific means.
1367693008 (Internal fixation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis using suture button)maps to wider conceptMNB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into tibia or fibula)A suture button device is implanted through the tibia and fibula to stabilise the syndesmosis, placing this within implantation of a device into tibia or fibula. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish the syndesmosis target, the suture button means, or the stabilisation indication from other device implantations at this bone site.
426236005 (Internal fixation of fracture of orbit)maps to wider conceptBAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)Internal fixation of an orbital fracture (typically involving plate or mesh implantation) is a form of orbital repair, making BAM.MK.AA the closest available code in the orbit block. ICHI is wider because "repair of orbit" encompasses any corrective procedure on the orbit and does not specify fracture reduction, internal fixation, or device implantation.
275093002 (Internal fixation of fracture of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)Internal fixation of a spinal fracture is performed by implanting hardware (pedicle screws, rods, plates) into the vertebral column, corresponding to implantation of a device into the spine. ICHI is wider because it does not specify that the indication is fracture fixation, the site within the spine, or the type of device used.
447833007 (Internal fixation of spine using plate)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI represents the plate as a generic implanted device into the spine (unspecified region), lacking both the specific spinal region and the plate-type specificity of the SNOMED concept. MBZ.DN.AA is the best available code for a device implanted into the vertebral column at an unspecified level.
257833000 (Internal fixation using staple)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific action or means code for staple fixation, and this SNOMED concept specifies no body site; MRB.DN.AA covers device implantation into bone at an unspecified anatomical site, making it a reasonable but broader match.
66302001 (Internal neurolysis with operating microscope)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Internal neurolysis is the intraoperative release of a peripheral nerve from surrounding fibrous tissue, which maps to the FC (release) action on the peripheral nervous system target; however, ICHI has no means code for operating microscope assistance, so that key specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured.
26549000 (Internal pelvic fixation of bone)maps to wider conceptMKB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into pelvis)MKB.DN.AA represents open implantation of an internal fixation device into the pelvic bone, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between fixation device subtypes or fracture stabilisation versus other device implantations, making it broader.
118470002 (Internal skeletal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)This SNOMED concept is a high-level, site-agnostic category for internal bone fixation; MRB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering device implantation into bone at an unspecified site with an open approach, but ICHI does not have a specific "internal fixation" action and the code is broader than any specific instance of the SNOMED concept.
425626001 (Internal tamponade of retina using air)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)Retinal tamponade using air involves injecting air into the vitreous cavity to internally support a detached retina; ICHI captures the injection action and vitreous target but does not distinguish the tamponade agent (air vs. gas vs. oil) or the specific therapeutic intent of retinal support. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
426158003 (Internal tamponade of retina using gas)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)Retinal tamponade using gas (e.g., SF6, C3F8) is an intravitreal injection procedure, matching the target (vitreous body) and action (injection) in BCD.DB.AE, but ICHI does not encode the tamponade purpose or the specific gas agent, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
427402009 (Internal tamponade of retina using liquid)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)Liquid tamponade (e.g., heavy liquid/perfluorocarbon) is delivered by injection into the vitreous cavity, aligning with BCD.DB.AE on target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the tamponade substance or the retinal repair intent, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
427387001 (Internal tamponade of retina using oil)maps to wider conceptBCD.DB.AE (Injection into vitreous body)Silicone oil tamponade is an intravitreal injection where oil is injected into the vitreous cavity to tamponade the retina; BCD.DB.AE matches on target and action but does not capture the specific agent (oil) or the tamponade/retinal detachment repair context, making the ICHI code broader.
385863001 (Interpersonal dynamics analysis)maps to wider conceptSR1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.AA.ZZ captures assessment (AA action) of interpersonal interactions and relationships (SR1 target), which aligns with the analytical/evaluative nature of "interpersonal dynamics analysis." The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of interpersonal engagement, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured analytical technique focused on the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.
385864007 (Interpersonal dynamics analysis education)maps to wider conceptSR1.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.PM.ZZ uses the PM (education) action axis on the SR1 (interpersonal interactions and relationships) target, directly matching the educational component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any form of education about interpersonal engagement rather than the specific modality of interpersonal dynamics analysis education.
59677003 (Interposition arthroplasty of carpometacarpal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the carpometacarpal joint; the CMC joint falls within the MGJ (hand and finger joints) block, and MGJ.MK.AA "Repair of finger or hand joint" (MK = repair/reconstruction, open approach) is the closest available code covering reconstructive joint surgery in that anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all forms of open joint repair, not specifically interposition arthroplasty of the CMC joint.
281821008 (Interposition arthroplasty of elbow joint)maps to wider conceptMEJ.MK.AA (Repair of elbow joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated interposition arthroplasty code; MEJ.MK.AA (Repair of elbow joint, open approach) is the closest available code, covering repair/reconstructive procedures on the elbow joint, but is broader as it encompasses all forms of elbow joint repair without specifying the interposition technique.
72848004 (Interposition arthroplasty of intercarpal joints)maps to wider conceptMFJ.MK.AA (Repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified)ICHI groups intercarpal joints under the wrist joint block (MFJ — Interventions on wrist joint), and MFJ.MK.AA is the best available code for a reconstructive procedure on these joints; it is broader as it covers wrist joint repair generically without distinguishing intercarpal joint specificity or the interposition technique.
239497005 (Interposition arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI does not distinguish interphalangeal from metacarpophalangeal joints within the hand/finger joint block (MGJ), and MGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint, open) is the closest code; it is broader as it covers all finger/hand joint repairs without specifying the interphalangeal joint level or interposition technique.
239526009 (Interposition arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of lesser toe)maps to wider conceptMOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe)ICHI does not have a specific code for toe interphalangeal joint arthroplasty; MOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe, open) is the most appropriate available code, but it is broader as it encompasses all foot and toe joint repairs without specifying the lesser toe interphalangeal location or interposition technique.
239493009 (Interposition arthroplasty of metacarpophalangeal joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)As with the interphalangeal finger concept, ICHI does not differentiate metacarpophalangeal from interphalangeal joints within the MGJ block; MGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint, open) is the best available match, but is broader as it does not specify the metacarpophalangeal level or the interposition technique.
1290094009 (Interposition arthroplasty of metatarsophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe)ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the metatarsophalangeal joint; MOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe) is the closest available code but covers all joint repairs of the foot/toe, not specifically interposition arthroplasty of the MTP joint. The ICHI target (foot or toe) is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific metatarsophalangeal joint.
239500004 (Interposition arthroplasty of the hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint)ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the hip joint; MLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint) is the best available code, but "repair" is broader than the specific surgical technique of interposition arthroplasty (placement of interpositional material between joint surfaces).
239517006 (Interposition arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of hallux)maps to wider conceptMOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe)ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the interphalangeal joint of the hallux; MOJ.MK.AA covers all joint repairs of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the hallux IP joint and the interposition technique.
239489003 (Interposition arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the interphalangeal joint of the thumb; MGJ.MK.AA covers all open repairs of finger or hand joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the thumb IP joint location and the interposition technique.
239486005 (Interposition arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb; MGJ.MK.AA covers all open repairs of finger or hand joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the thumb MCP joint location and the interposition technique.
304459007 (Interrupted direct current to face)maps to wider conceptMU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Interrupted direct current (faradic/galvanic interrupted current) is a specific electrotherapy waveform used to stimulate muscle and nerve tissue; MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly, which subsumes this technique, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific waveform (interrupted DC), the facial body region, or the full range of non-muscle applications (e.g., nerve or skin).
304462005 (Interrupted direct current to lower limb)maps to wider conceptMU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Interrupted DC applied to the lower limb is a specific electrotherapy technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of electrical stimulation of muscle functions; the body region (lower limb) and specific current waveform are not encoded at the ICHI code level, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
304460002 (Interrupted direct current to neck)maps to wider conceptMU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Interrupted DC to the neck is a specific electrotherapy modality and body site combination that maps to the broader ICHI category of electrical stimulation of muscle functions, with the neck region and interrupted DC waveform specificity being lost in the ICHI representation.
169360009 (Interstitial brachytherapy to hypophysis using seed)maps to wider conceptEAA.GA.AA (Destruction of pituitary gland)EAA.GA.AA covers destruction of the pituitary gland but does not specify the modality; ICHI has no .GA.BA (by radiotherapy) variant for the pituitary as it does for thyroid or adrenal, so the generic destruction code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies interstitial brachytherapy via seed implant.
65921008 (Intestinal function education)maps to wider conceptKT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)KT2.PM.ZZ covers education about digestive system functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to intestinal (bowel) function education; no more specific intestinal-function education code exists in ICHI, making this the best available fit under the digestive functions block (BlockL4-KT2).
173990000 (Intra-abdominal manipulation of ileum)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated ileum-specific manipulation code; the ileum is the distal portion of the small intestine, so KBK.LD.AA (small intestine NEC) is the closest match but encompasses the entire small intestine, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the ileum alone.
69245005 (Intra-arterial infusion of thrombolytic agent)maps to wider conceptIZA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's IZA.DB.AF captures thrombolysis of an unspecified artery, which semantically encompasses intra-arterial thrombolytic infusion; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the route and covers thrombolysis by any means.
450678004 (Intraamniotic injection of abortifacient)maps to wider conceptNMM.DB.AE (Injection or infusion into amnion)NMM.DB.AE captures the intraamniotic injection route and target precisely, but it is broader because it does not specify the abortifacient purpose — it covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of intent.
308695001 (Intracapsular cataract extraction and insertion of intraocular lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI codes lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and insertion of a prosthetic lens (BBF.ML.AA) as separate codes; no single ICHI code combines intracapsular cataract extraction with simultaneous IOL insertion, so BBF.JK.AA is the best primary match but is broader than the combined SNOMED procedure.
171599003 (Intracranial destruction of abducens nerve (VI))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no code specific to the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI); AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve via open approach, which matches the intracranial route but is broader as it applies to all cranial nerves, not specifically the abducens.
171605005 (Intracranial destruction of accessory nerve (XI))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no code specific to the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI); AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, correctly representing the intracranial approach but being broader in that it is not limited to the accessory nerve.
171602008 (Intracranial destruction of acoustic nerve (VIII))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)The acoustic/vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) has no dedicated ICHI destruction code; AAN.GA.AA for open destruction of cranial nerve is the best match but is broader, covering all cranial nerves rather than specifically the vestibulocochlear nerve.
171601001 (Intracranial destruction of facial nerve (VII))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no code specific to facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) destruction; AAN.GA.AA for open destruction of cranial nerve is the best available match, broader in scope as it encompasses all cranial nerves rather than specifically the facial nerve.
171606006 (Intracranial destruction of hypoglossal nerve (XII))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI does not have a code specific to the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII); AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve by open approach, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept specifying both the nerve identity and the intracranial route.
171597001 (Intracranial destruction of oculomotor nerve (III))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI does not have a nerve-specific code for the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III); AAN.GA.AA captures destruction of any cranial nerve by open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the particular nerve and the intracranial approach.
171596005 (Intracranial destruction of optic nerve (II))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)No ICHI code exists for destruction of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) specifically; AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept that names both the specific nerve and the intracranial surgical route.
265227002 (Intracranial destruction of trigeminal nerve (V))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)Despite the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) being clinically prominent (with procedures like rhizotomy and Gasserian ganglion ablation), ICHI has no nerve-specific destruction codes within the cranial nerve block; AAN.GA.AA is therefore broader, covering open destruction of any cranial nerve.
171598006 (Intracranial destruction of trochlear nerve (IV))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI does not have a code specific to the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV); AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the nerve identity and the intracranial approach.
171604009 (Intracranial destruction of vagus nerve (X))maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AA (Destruction of cranial nerve)AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve via open approach, which encompasses the vagus nerve (CN X) specifically. ICHI does not have a code specific to the vagus nerve, so this code is broader.
64122007 (Intracranial gas endarterectomy)maps to wider conceptIAA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of intracranial artery, open approach)IAA.JE.AA is the only ICHI code for intracranial artery endarterectomy and is the closest structural match. The SNOMED concept specifies the gas (CO2) technique variant, which is not differentiated in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
171636002 (Intracranial stereotactic release of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)AAN.FC.AA is the sole ICHI code for cranial nerve release and captures the core procedural intent. ICHI does not encode the stereotactic approach as a distinct means variant, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
36673005 (Intradermal injection)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers injection into both skin and subcutaneous tissue, while intradermal injection is specifically confined to the dermis layer alone; the code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists specifically for intradermal-only injection.
231298001 (Intramuscular infiltration)maps to wider conceptMRM.DB.AE (Injection into muscle of unspecified site)MRM.DB.AE encodes injection of a substance into muscle at an unspecified site, which covers the route and target of intramuscular infiltration, but ICHI does not distinguish infiltration (spreading a local anaesthetic through tissue) from a simple bolus injection.
418368009 (Intranasal intubation of lacrimal drainage system for tear drainage)maps to wider conceptBAD.JB.AA (Drainage of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus generally, which aligns with the core procedure (establishing tear drainage through the nasolacrimal system), but does not capture the specific intranasal/intubation approach or the stent/tube placement aspect.
70131004 (Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty of iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)The iliac artery is a pelvic/abdominal artery, so IEA.LG.AF is the best available ICHI code, but it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than specifically the iliac; ICHI also does not distinguish intraoperative (open surgical) from percutaneous approaches in this category.
58622000 (Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty of visceral artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)Visceral arteries (celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric, renal) are abdominal arteries, making IEA.LG.AF the closest available ICHI code; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than being specific to the visceral arterial territory.
51158001 (Intraoperative transluminal femoral-popliteal angioplasty)maps to wider conceptIFA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb)The femoral and popliteal arteries are arteries of the lower limb, so IFA.LG.AF is the correct anatomical grouping in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any lower limb artery rather than being specific to the femoral-popliteal segment.
27659003 (Intraoperative transluminal subclavian-axillary angioplasty)maps to wider conceptICA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb)ICA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any upper limb artery, encompassing both subclavian and axillary arteries, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific subclavian-axillary target. The means axis (AF) aligns with transluminal angioplasty, though the intraoperative context is not captured in ICHI.
386338001 (Intrapartal care: high-risk delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)NME.AI.AH is the closest ICHI code, covering monitoring during delivery, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes high-risk intrapartal care (a comprehensive management package), whereas the ICHI code captures only the monitoring component.
178021009 (Intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic drug)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)KMA.DB.AE captures the act of injecting into the peritoneal cavity via percutaneous approach, which is the correct site and route, but does not specify the substance as a cytotoxic/antineoplastic agent. ICHI has no code combining intraperitoneal route with cytotoxic drug identity.
178020005 (Intraperitoneal administration of radioactive substance)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)As with cytotoxic administration, KMA.DB.AE represents injection into the peritoneal cavity but does not encode the radioactive nature of the substance. ICHI radiotherapy codes cover destruction of specific tissues, not intraperitoneal radioisotope instillation.
238308004 (Intraperitoneal immunotherapy)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)ICHI has no concept for immunotherapy by route, nor for immunological agents administered intraperitoneally. KMA.DB.AE encodes the intraperitoneal injection route correctly but lacks the immunotherapy substance dimension.
386511009 (Intraspinal analgesic administration)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ABG.DB.AE precisely captures injection into the spinal canal (intraspinal) via percutaneous approach, which is the correct anatomical target and route, but does not specify analgesic as the administered substance.
265064001 (Intrauterine artificial insemination)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)NME.DH.AC covers all uterine reproductive transfer procedures including embryo transfer and intrauterine insemination; it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of intrauterine artificial insemination. No more specific ICHI code for intrauterine insemination alone exists.
438567008 (Intrauterine fetal transfusion using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptNMR.DG.AE (Fetal infusion)NMR.DG.AE (Fetal infusion) covers intra-fetal delivery of fluids/blood products and is the best available ICHI code, but it is broader as it does not specify blood transfusion as the infused substance nor ultrasound guidance as the technique.
45460008 (Intrauterine transfusion)maps to wider conceptNMR.DG.AE (Fetal infusion)NMR.DG.AE is the best ICHI match for delivery of blood or fluid into the fetus in utero, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specifically indicate transfusion (blood products) as the infusate.
225250007 (Intravaginal artificial insemination)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)ICHI has no specific code for artificial insemination; uterine reproductive transfer procedures is the closest category covering the introduction of reproductive material via the vaginal route, but is broader, encompassing embryo transfer and similar procedures.
431945005 (Intravascular ultrasonography of coronary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.BA.AF (Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels)HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels via an endovascular means, which aligns with IVUS of the coronary artery, but ICHI does not distinguish ultrasound modality from other intravascular imaging modalities, nor does it capture fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.
432093004 (Intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of coronary artery)HIA.DB.AF captures thrombolysis delivered via an intravascular/endovascular route (means axis AF) to the coronary artery, but ICHI does not encode the ultrasound-guided delivery technique or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making the ICHI code broader.
241705007 (Intravenous sedation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)Intravenous sedation is a lighter-depth conscious or deep sedation technique delivered IV, whereas ICHI's intravenous anaesthesia encompasses the full spectrum from sedation through general anaesthesia by the intravenous route. The ICHI code is therefore broader.
177827009 (Introduction of cytotoxic substance into pleural cavity)maps to wider conceptJCH.DB.AD (Injection into thoracic cavity)No ICHI code exists for injection specifically into the pleural cavity; the closest available code covers injection into the thoracic cavity broadly (which includes the pleural space), and is not specific to cytotoxic agents.
177618005 (Introduction of destructive substance into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes the percutaneous injection into skin/subcutaneous tissue as a generic action regardless of the nature of the injected agent, so it covers both destructive and non-destructive substances. The SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying a destructive agent.
302424006 (Introduction of inert substance into subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The same generic subcutaneous injection code applies; ICHI does not differentiate between inert fillers and other injected substances in the integumentary system codes. The SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying an inert substance.
133881004 (Intubation and aspiration of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.DL.AC (Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.DL.AC encodes per-orifice (transnasal or transoral) tube placement into the small intestine, which matches the intubation component. The aspiration/decompression purpose is clinically implied but not represented in the ICHI code.
79583008 (Intubation for gastric decompression)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)KBF.DL.AC with means AC (per orifice) corresponds to nasogastric tube insertion into the stomach, covering the procedural action. The ICHI code does not specify the therapeutic purpose (decompression), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
235432006 (Intubation of gastrointestinal tract via tube gastrostomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.DL.AJ (Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device in stomach)KBF.DL.AJ covers percutaneous endoscopic insertion of a device into the stomach, which is the standard method for tube gastrostomy (PEG); however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific clinical scenario of intubation via a pre-existing tube gastrostomy.
437151000124105 (Iodine modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification to food/diet as an intervention, which encompasses an iodine-modified (low-iodine) diet used clinically before radioiodine therapy; the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to iodine content.
419173000 (Iontophoresis administration of treatment)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.BP (Iontophoresis)LZZ.SC.BP directly encodes iontophoresis under interventions on the integumentary system, capturing the technique. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the therapeutic substance being delivered.
48507008 (Iridesis)maps to wider conceptBBC.MK.AA (Repair of iris)Iridesis surgically sutures or repositions the iris (e.g., to anchor a dislocated lens), falling within iris repair. BBC.MK.AA is broader, covering all iris repair procedures rather than specifically the suturing/fixation technique of iridesis.
3357006 (Iron kinetics study)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)An iron kinetics (ferrokinetics) study uses radiolabeled iron to measure rates of iron absorption, transport, and incorporation into red cells. No specific ICHI code exists; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest broader haematological function test.
437161000124107 (Iron modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)UAB.TI.ZZ covers formal prescription of a food type, which encompasses a therapeutic iron-modified diet. ICHI does not have a code specific to iron- or mineral-modified dietary prescriptions, so the ICHI code is broader.
238233004 (Irrigation of abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptMRS.JA.AA (Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for irrigation of the abdominal wall specifically; MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at an unspecified site, broader than the abdominal wall target.
239461001 (Irrigation of joint cavity)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JA.AA (Irrigation of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.JA.AA covers irrigation of any joint at an unspecified site, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies "joint cavity"; site-specific ICHI joint irrigation codes share the "unspecified site" qualifier, making this the best available match.
55837000 (Irrigation of lacrimal canaliculus)maps to wider conceptBAD.JA.AA (Irrigation of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI codes the lacrimal apparatus as a whole structural unit rather than distinguishing sub-components such as the canaliculus, so BAD.JA.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept.
244021007 (Irrigation of lacrimal punctum)maps to wider conceptBAD.JA.AA (Irrigation of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI does not distinguish between sub-structures of the lacrimal apparatus at the procedure coding level; BAD.JA.AA covers irrigation of the entire lacrimal apparatus and is the best available match.
50332001 (Irrigation of lumbosubarachnoid shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)A lumbosubarachnoid shunt is an internal spinal canal device, and irrigation/flushing is a form of device management. ABG.SN.AE is broader as it covers all management of spinal canal devices, not just irrigation.
77694007 (Irrigation of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRS.JA.AA (Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "irrigation of muscle" code; MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at unspecified site, which subsumes muscle but is anatomically broader.
27490005 (Irrigation of renal pyelostomy)maps to wider conceptNAB.SN.AD (Management of internal device of renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction)Irrigating a pyelostomy tube is a specific form of managing an indwelling renal pelvis device. NAB.SN.AD is broader because it covers all management activities of that device, not just irrigation.
230854002 (Irrigation of subcutaneous reservoir connecting to brain lesion)maps to wider conceptAAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)An Ommaya/subcutaneous reservoir is an intracranial device, and irrigating it constitutes management; AAE.SN.AA is broader, encompassing all forms of ventricular device management, and the reservoir target may not strictly be ventricular.
23214004 (Irrigation of ureteral catheter)maps to wider conceptNAE.SN.AC (Management of internal device of ureter)ICHI has no dedicated "irrigation of ureteral catheter" code; NAE.SN.AC covers management (including flushing/patency maintenance) of an internal ureteral device, encompassing but broader than irrigation specifically.
29513000 (Irrigation with syringe)maps to wider conceptMRS.JA.AA (Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI encodes irrigation as site-specific procedures; MRS.JA.AA is the closest non-site-specific entry. The SNOMED concept specifies the instrument (syringe) but not the anatomical target, making the ICHI code a broader match.
4993009 (Ischemic limb exercise with EMG and lactic acid determination)maps to wider conceptHTM.AC.ZZ (Test of exercise tolerance functions)The SNOMED concept describes a specific protocol combining ischemic limb exercise, EMG, and lactate measurement to assess muscle metabolic function; HTM.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering functional exercise testing without the ischemic stress, EMG, or lactate components.
444908001 (Isolation nursing in negative pressure isolation environment)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)PZB.VE.ZZ captures the core clinical act of isolating a person for infection control but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the nursing context and the negative pressure modality. No ICHI code encodes negative pressure specifically.
40174006 (Isolation technique)maps to wider conceptPZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)"Isolation technique" maps to person isolation for infection control, though ICHI is more specific in naming the infection control purpose, whereas the SNOMED term is a broader procedural concept encompassing any isolation approach.
169126006 (Isotope fat absorption)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)An isotope fat absorption study (radiolabelled lipid administered orally with subsequent imaging/counting) falls within nuclear imaging studies of the GI tract; KZZ.BA.BE is broader, encompassing all nuclear GI imaging.
169152000 (Isotope static scan lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFO.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel)ICHI has no dedicated nuclear imaging code for lymph nodes specifically; DFO.BA.BE covers the lymphatic system broadly including nodes and vessels, wider than the SNOMED concept which targets lymph nodes in particular.
19252005 (Isotope study for gastrointestinal blood loss)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE is the best available ICHI code for nuclear medicine GI studies (tagged red cell scans, Meckel scans), but it is wider, encompassing any nuclear imaging of the GI tract rather than being specific to blood loss localisation.
11269009 (Isotope study for plasma volume)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI has no code specific to radiolabelled-albumin or isotope plasma volume determination; DTA.AB.ZZ is broader, covering any haematological measurement and not specifying the radioisotope or plasma compartment technique.
33677003 (Isotope study of blood volume)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI has no dedicated code for Cr-51 or other radiolabelled total blood volume measurement; DTA.AB.ZZ is broader, encompassing all haematological function measurements rather than isotope-based blood volume studies specifically.
723947007 (Isotretinoin therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Isotretinoin is taken orally, making "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice" the closest functional match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers oral administration of any pharmacotherapy, not specifically isotretinoin or retinoid agents.
1269441008 (Ixekizumab therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Ixekizumab is a biologic monoclonal antibody (IL-17A inhibitor) administered subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AE captures the correct route and immunological agent class but is broader, covering any percutaneous immunological agent.
173930002 (Jejunoscopy and insertion of tube prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBK.DL.AJ (Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies a jejunoscopy combined with insertion of a tube prosthesis, whereas KBK.DL.AJ covers percutaneous endoscopic insertion of an internal device into small intestine broadly, making it wider; no jejunum-specific endoscopic device insertion code exists.
12523007 (Joint capsulodesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)Capsulodesis stabilises a joint by shortening/tightening the capsule; MRJ.LC.AA captures joint stabilisation at unspecified site but is broader, encompassing any stabilisation method rather than capsule-specific fixation.
69264004 (Kaufman operation for urinary stress incontinence)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)The Kaufman procedure addresses male stress incontinence via urethral compression or bladder-neck suspension; NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder-neck suspension procedures without specifying the Kaufman technique.
238189001 (Keel repair of incisional hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no dedicated incisional (ventral) hernia code; PAL.MK.AA covers repair of abdominal wall in general and does not specify the incisional type or keel technique.
6307005 (Keratophakia)maps to wider conceptBBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant)Keratophakia is a specific refractive procedure inserting a lathed donor corneal stromal lens into the host cornea; BBB.DL.AC captures corneal implant insertion but is broader, covering any corneal implant.
108025008 (Kidney destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all kidney destructive procedures (ablation, cryotherapy, lithotripsy); NAA.GA.AA refers specifically to open destruction of kidney lesion/tissue, the best single-code approximation.
108022006 (Kidney excision)maps to wider conceptNAA.JK.AA (Nephrectomy)"Kidney excision" is a broad grouping spanning local lesion excision, partial, total, and radical nephrectomy; NAA.JK.AA is the prototypical excision but does not represent the whole grouper.
359870000 (Kirby Bauer test)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test is a specific technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; XG50T0 covers all methods without distinguishing disk diffusion from other techniques.
14029003 (Krypton laser photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Krypton laser photocoagulation is a laser-based destruction of retinal tissue, falling within BCC.GA.AA; ICHI does not specify the laser modality or photocoagulation technique.
237024008 (Kustner's operation)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AC (Total vaginal hysterectomy)Kustner's operation is a specific extraperitoneal vaginal hysterectomy technique using uterine inversion; NME.JK.AC captures the vaginal route and total removal but is broader as ICHI does not encode the extraperitoneal/inversion specificity.
197357002 (Kutler amputation)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)The Kutler procedure is fingertip reconstruction using bilateral V-Y advancement flaps with partial distal phalanx amputation; MGB.JN.AA captures the bone amputation but is broader and does not encode the V-Y plasty soft-tissue component.
252206004 (L-dopa stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The L-dopa stimulation test is a specific pharmacological provocation test (typically growth hormone secretion); ETK.AA.ZZ covers all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to the pituitary axis or stimulatory paradigm.
252207008 (L-dopa suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The L-dopa suppression test is a specific pharmacological dynamic test (typically prolactin); ETK.AA.ZZ does not capture the specific hormone axis, suppressive challenge design, or specific agent.
37954002 (L.E. cell preparation)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)The L.E. cell preparation is a specific immunological blood test once used for lupus diagnosis; DTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of immunological system function.
410394004 (Lab findings surveillance)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)"Lab findings surveillance" refers to systematic monitoring of laboratory result data (e.g., for syndromic surveillance); UBC.VC.ZZ is broader as it covers all forms of population public health surveillance.
241420002 (Labeled serum amyloid protein study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)A labeled serum amyloid P (SAP) scintigraphy is a whole-body nuclear medicine scan using a radiolabelled tracer to image amyloid deposits; PZA.BA.BE captures whole-body radioisotope imaging but does not specify the SAP tracer or amyloid indication.
234905002 (Labial frenoplasty)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)Labial frenoplasty is surgical reshaping or reconstruction of the lip frenulum specifically; KAA.MK.AA covers repair of the lip in general, with no ICHI code specific to frenoplasty.
61324002 (Labor and delivery educational tour)maps to wider conceptNUG.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to childbirth)A labor and delivery educational tour is a guided facility visit to educate expectant parents; NUG.PM.ZZ covers all forms of childbirth education and does not distinguish the "tour" format.
409005001 (Labor care)maps to wider conceptNME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)"Labor care" is a broad SNOMED concept covering overall management during labour; ICHI offers only the narrower monitoring of delivery code, the closest structural match within the obstetric hierarchy.
127791007 (Laboratory test related to hemostasis)maps to wider conceptBlockL1-XG1 (Essential laboratory tests)ICHI contains specific hemostasis-related laboratory tests (PT, PTT, platelet count) within the block but no single category code covers "hemostasis testing" as a class; the block grouping is broader than hemostasis tests alone.
127795003 (Laboratory test related to immunohematology)maps to wider conceptBlockL1-XG1 (Essential laboratory tests)ICHI contains several immunohematology-specific tests within the block (ABO/Rh typing, cross-matching, DAT) but no single code covers "laboratory test related to immunohematology" as a category.
765022009 (Lacto-vegetarian diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no code for a specific dietary pattern such as lacto-vegetarian; UAB.DA.ZZ "Food modification" is the closest, considerably broader than the specific dietary regime.
436661000124100 (Lactose modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI does not distinguish lactose modification as a specific diet intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ "Food modification" subsumes lactose modification but does not convey the specificity.
231615007 (Lamellar division and slide of upper eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.FA.AA (Incision of eyelid)"Lamellar division and slide" is a specific oculoplastic technique involving layered incision and tissue advancement; BAA.FA.AA captures the incision but not the slide/advancement component.
38948000 (Lamellar keratoplasty with autograft)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)BBB.ML.AA covers keratoplasty generally but does not distinguish the lamellar (partial-thickness) technique from penetrating keratoplasty, nor specify autograft versus allograft.
32788008 (Lamellar resection of sclera with implant)maps to wider conceptBCB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of sclera)Lamellar scleral resection involves partial-thickness excision combined with implant placement; BCB.JI.AA captures the excision component but omits the implant insertion, so it is broader.
440211003 (Laminectomy with release of tethered lumbar spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)The defining clinical purpose is releasing a tethered lumbar spinal cord, captured by ABA.FC.AA; the laminectomy is the approach rather than the primary action, and the ICHI code does not specify lumbar level or bony resection.
359586003 (Laminectomy with spinal fusion)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)Laminectomy with spinal fusion is a combined procedure; MBZ.LE.AA codes the spinal fusion as the dominant intent but does not specify spinal level, and the laminectomy component is not separately represented.
699797003 (Laminoplasty at C3 and C4 vertebra)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)Laminoplasty is a specific open technique to enlarge the spinal canal by reshaping the lamina at C3-C4; ABG.FC.AA captures the decompressive intent but does not specify the cervical level or laminoplasty technique.
12132004 (Langenbeck operation, cleft palate repair)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)The Langenbeck operation is open repair of a cleft soft palate using bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps; KAS.MK.AA captures target and action but does not specify the Langenbeck flap technique or congenital cleft context.
311624008 (Language elaboration approach)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Language elaboration is a specific speech-language therapy technique; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of mental language functions broadly but does not encode the specific elaboration methodology.
311619005 (Language stimulation)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Language stimulation is a specific therapeutic strategy; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of language functions more broadly with no dedicated ICHI code for stimulation as a distinct technique.
708628002 (Laparoscopic biopsy of lesion of peritoneum)maps to wider conceptKMA.AD.AB (Laparoscopic biopsy of peritoneum)KMA.AD.AB matches approach and target exactly but does not specify that the biopsy targets a lesion.
1268346007 (Laparoscopic dissection of para-aortic lymph node group)maps to wider conceptDFF.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node)DFF.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic approach and abdominopelvic nodal target but does not specify the para-aortic location.
174041007 (Laparoscopic emergency appendectomy)maps to wider conceptKBO.JK.AB (Laparoscopic appendicectomy)KBO.JK.AB matches the procedure exactly but does not capture the emergency qualifier.
699738005 (Laparoscopic formation of cutaneous ureterostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AB (Laparoscopic urinary diversion)Cutaneous ureterostomy is a specific form of urinary diversion; NAE.LI.AB captures laparoscopic diversion but is broader as it covers all diversion types.
702603003 (Laparoscopic hysterosacropexy)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AB (Laparoscopic uterine suspension)Hysterosacropexy is a specific uterine-suspension technique fixing the uterus to the sacral promontory; NME.LC.AB captures the suspension action but does not specify sacral attachment.
1344651009 (Laparoscopic incision of bladder and removal of calculus)maps to wider conceptNAI.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bladder)NAI.JE.AA captures the core clinical objective but does not specify the laparoscopic approach or the cystotomy step.
438341004 (Laparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AB (Laparoscopic implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)Matches laparoscopic approach and peritoneal cavity device implantation but does not specify a dialysis catheter.
439825000 (Laparoscopic insertion of permanent intraperitoneal catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.DN.AB (Laparoscopic implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.DN.AB covers laparoscopic placement of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity but lacks the permanence/catheter specificity.
448166005 (Laparoscopic ligation of inferior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)Captures occlusion (functional result of ligation) of an abdominal artery but does not specify the inferior mesenteric artery or laparoscopic approach.
712992007 (Laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectum using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptKBW.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial excision of rectum)Captures the laparoscopic partial rectal excision; the robotic-assistance and low-anterior specificity are not encoded.
9540004 (Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions)maps to wider conceptPAK.FC.AB (Laparoscopic release of abdominal adhesions)ICHI has no site-unspecified laparoscopic adhesiolysis code; PAK.FC.AB matches the approach and release action but restricts the target to the abdominal region.
782714009 (Laparoscopic pectopexy with fixation of fornix of vagina using mesh)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AB (Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation)NMH.LC.AB covers laparoscopic vaginal suspension/fixation generally, but does not capture the pectineal-ligament fixation technique or mesh use specifics.
1197604004 (Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)Captures laparoscopic destruction of a kidney lesion but does not specify radiofrequency modality or restrict the target to neoplasm.
773155004 (Laparoscopic repair of epigastric hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Captures laparoscopic abdominal-wall reconstruction with prosthesis; does not distinguish epigastric site, biological mesh, or fascial closure.
773157007 (Laparoscopic repair of epigastric hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Same code as the biological-mesh variant; ICHI does not distinguish epigastric site, synthetic vs biological mesh, or fascial closure.
710785000 (Laparoscopic repair of hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AB (Laparoscopic repair of abdominal wall)Best generic match for laparoscopic hernia repair when the hernia site is unspecified; ICHI has more specific codes for inguinal/femoral/umbilical hernias.
773254008 (Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with anterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Closest available code; does not encode incisional-hernia type, biological mesh, or anterior component separation technique.
773256005 (Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with anterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Closest available code; does not encode incisional-hernia type, synthetic mesh, or anterior component separation technique.
773153006 (Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)ICHI has no incisional-hernia-specific code; PAL.ML.AB captures laparoscopic abdominal wall reconstruction with prosthesis but loses incisional, biological-mesh, and fascial-closure specificity.
773151008 (Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Identical reasoning to the biological variant; ICHI does not differentiate synthetic vs biological mesh or incisional-hernia type.
772774007 (Laparoscopic repair of lumbar hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)No dedicated lumbar-hernia code in ICHI; the abdominal-wall NOS reconstruction code is the closest match.
772773001 (Laparoscopic repair of lumbar hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Best available match; ICHI does not encode lumbar-hernia subtype, synthetic mesh, or fascial closure.
772240007 (Laparoscopic repair of spigelian hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Spigelian hernia has no dedicated ICHI code; abdominal-wall NOS reconstruction is the closest available.
772239005 (Laparoscopic repair of spigelian hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall)Same reasoning as the biological-mesh variant; ICHI lacks specific spigelian-hernia coding.
773145003 (Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAO.ML.AB (Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia with graft or prosthesis)Matches umbilical site and laparoscopic mesh repair but does not distinguish biological vs synthetic mesh or fascial closure.
773149009 (Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure)maps to wider conceptPAO.ML.AB (Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia with graft or prosthesis)Same reasoning as the biological-mesh variant; mesh material is not differentiated in ICHI.
1256087006 (Laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann procedure)maps to wider conceptKBW.LB.AB (Laparoscopic anastomosis of rectum)Captures the laparoscopic rectal anastomosis re-establishing colorectal continuity; does not encode the colostomy takedown or Hartmann context.
16226000 (Laparoscopic sterilization)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AB (Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)Tubal occlusion is the canonical laparoscopic sterilization technique; the ICHI code is slightly broader as sterilization can also be achieved via salpingectomy.
447344008 (Laparoscopic suturing of laceration of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AB (Laparoscopic repair of ureter)Suturing of a laceration is a specific repair technique; NAE.MK.AB covers laparoscopic ureteric repair more generally without specifying suturing or laceration cause.
425814009 (Laparoscopic ultrasound examination of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of pancreas)Captures pancreatic ultrasound but does not specify the laparoscopic intraoperative approach.
443870002 (Laparoscopy of rectum)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AB (Laparoscopy)ICHI has no rectum-specific laparoscopy code; the generic laparoscopy code is substantially broader.
63185002 (Laparoscopy with biopsy)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AB (Laparoscopy)ICHI's laparoscopic biopsy codes are all organ-specific; PAK.AE.AB is the only non-organ-specific laparoscopy code, but it omits the biopsy action.
33015000 (Laparoscopy with fulguration of fallopian tube using electrical energy)maps to wider conceptNMC.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)ICHI does not distinguish fulguration (electrocoagulation) as a specific means; NMC.GA.AB covers laparoscopic destruction of a fallopian tube lesion by any method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies electrical energy.
193331004 (Laparoscopy with occlusion of fallopian tube by device)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AB (Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AB precisely matches the laparoscopic approach and fallopian tube occlusion intent; the ICHI code does not specify that occlusion is achieved by device (vs. ligation, clip, ring), making it slightly broader.
112797003 (Laryngeal reinnervation by neuromuscular pedicle)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal reinnervation or neuromuscular pedicle transfer; JAN.ML.AA is the broadest applicable surgical code covering complex reconstructive procedures on the larynx, of which reinnervation is one highly specific technique.
252572002 (Laryngeal stroboscopy)maps to wider conceptJAN.AE.AC (Laryngoscopy)Laryngeal stroboscopy is a specialised form of laryngoscopy that uses stroboscopic light to assess vocal fold vibration; ICHI has only the generic laryngoscopy code without any stroboscopy-specific variant.
35649009 (Laryngeal ventriculectomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)Laryngeal ventriculectomy is the surgical removal of the laryngeal ventricle (saccule), a specific substructure within the larynx; ICHI has no code for this specific excision, so the closest available code is the broader local excision of larynx tissue.
260662001 (Laryngectomy incision)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)"Laryngectomy incision" refers to the surgical incision made as part of a laryngectomy procedure; ICHI's "Incision of larynx" is the closest structural match, though it is broader as it covers any incision of the larynx.
78224006 (Laryngocentesis)maps to wider conceptJAN.JB.AC (Drainage of larynx)Laryngocentesis is needle puncture and aspiration of the larynx; ICHI has no dedicated laryngocentesis code, but "Drainage of larynx" is the closest functional equivalent, being broader as it encompasses all drainage approaches.
260663006 (Laryngofissure)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Laryngofissure is a midline incision through the thyroid cartilage to open the larynx, while "Incision of larynx" is broader and covers any incisional approach without specifying the midline thyroid cartilage split.
173003009 (Laryngotracheal reconstruction using cartilage graft)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)ICHI "Reconstruction of larynx" captures the reconstructive nature, but is broader: it does not specify the tracheal component of a laryngotracheal reconstruction nor the use of a cartilage graft as the means.
59046001 (Laryngotracheobronchoscopy with biopsy)maps to wider conceptJBB.AD.AD (Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus)The SNOMED concept describes a combined endoscopic inspection of larynx, trachea, and bronchi with biopsy; ICHI captures the biopsy-via-endoscopy aspect at the most distal airway target but is broader in not specifying the full laryngotracheobronchoscopic scope.
232547009 (Laryngotracheoplasty)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)Laryngotracheoplasty is a reconstructive procedure of the laryngotracheal complex; ICHI has no combined laryngotracheal reconstruction code, so JAN.ML.AA is the best single-axis fit, missing the tracheal reconstruction component.
8917003 (Laryngotracheotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Laryngotracheotomy is a combined incision through both the larynx and trachea; ICHI separates larynx incision (JAN.FA.AA) and trachea incision (JBA.FA.AA) with no combined code, so JAN.FA.AA does not capture the simultaneous tracheal component.
51138002 (Laser beam destruction of lesion of vestibule of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The vestibule of the mouth is a subsite of the oral cavity, and ICHI has no code specifically targeting the vestibule; KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction within the oral cavity NEC, broader than the specific vestibular site.
231748003 (Laser capsulotomy of lens capsule)maps to wider conceptBBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)BBF.FA.AA sits within the "Interventions on lens" block and directly represents capsulotomy of the lens capsule, matching target and action; the means axis does not reflect the laser approach, so the ICHI code is broader.
174339002 (Laser destruction of lesion of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)KBX.GA.AC precisely matches target (anus) and action (destruction of lesion), but the means axis does not specify laser, making it broader as it encompasses all destructive approaches.
1366544002 (Laser destruction of lesion of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of penis)NGM.GA.AA exactly matches target (penis) and action (destruction of lesion), but the means axis does not reflect the laser modality; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish between laser and other destructive techniques.
310662003 (Laser destruction of lesion of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina broadly without specifying laser as the means, and describes destruction of the whole retina rather than a lesion specifically; broader than the SNOMED concept.
176606005 (Laser destruction of lesion of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)NMI.GA.AA captures destruction of the vulva but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to a lesion, making it broader on both means and target axes.
302394000 (Laser destruction of skin lesion)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)No body-site-specific ICHI code for skin lesion destruction without an anatomical qualifier was found; LZZ.GA.AH is the residual NEC skin destruction code, broader because it does not specify laser nor restrict to a lesion.
252452009 (Laser Doppler)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive technique for measuring microvascular blood flow; ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI concept, wider because it encompasses all blood vessel function measurement methods.
118162002 (Laser enucleation of the prostate with intravesical morcellation)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)Laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP/ThuLEP) is a transurethral endoscopic removal; NGA.JJ.AD is the best match but is wider as it does not specify laser as the means nor the intravesical morcellation step.
708857001 (Laser goniopuncture)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AC (Goniopuncture without goniotomy)BBE.LI.AC is the closest ICHI code and correctly captures goniopuncture of the anterior chamber, but it specifies "without goniotomy" and does not encode the laser means, making it broader.
371345007 (Laser peripheral iridotomy)maps to wider conceptBBC.FA.AA (Iridotomy)BBC.FA.AA correctly captures the incision of the iris target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the laser means nor the peripheral location, making it broader.
58889009 (Laser retinopexy)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)Laser retinopexy uses focal laser photocoagulation to create chorioretinal adhesions; BCC.GA.AA captures this destructive action on the retina but is broader as it does not specify laser, retinopexy as the purpose, or restrict to focal lesion treatment.
231718001 (Laser sclerostomy)maps to wider conceptBCB.FA.AA (Incision of sclera)A sclerostomy is the creation of a fistulous opening through the sclera (incision/perforation) to lower intraocular pressure; BCB.FA.AA captures this action but does not specify laser means or drainage purpose.
235267008 (Laser treatment of duodenal lesion)maps to wider conceptKBI.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum)Laser treatment of a duodenal lesion is delivered endoscopically and acts by destroying the lesion tissue; KBI.GA.AD is wider because it does not specify laser as the means and covers any endoscopic destructive modality.
367486006 (Lasègue test)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)The Lasègue (straight leg raise) test is a clinical provocation manoeuvre to assess lumbar nerve root irritation; no ICHI code exists for this specific test, so the NEC neurological assessment residual is the best available fit.
17078001 (Lateral fasciotomy of elbow with stripping)maps to wider conceptMEL.FB.AA (Division of ligament or fascia of elbow)ICHI captures the fasciotomy at the elbow, but does not represent the additional stripping component or the lateral specificity of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
11232006 (Lateral fasciotomy with annular ligament of finger resection)maps to wider conceptMGL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)ICHI covers the dominant component — resection of the annular ligament of the finger — but does not distinguish the accompanying fasciotomy, the specific annular ligament, or the lateral approach.
309727002 (Lateral pharyngotomy)maps to wider conceptKAR.FA.AA (Oral pharyngotomy)ICHI "Oral pharyngotomy" is the only pharyngotomy code available and matches the core procedure, but it does not distinguish the lateral surgical approach or applicability to the lateral pharyngeal wall.
52534009 (Lateral retinacula release of knee)maps to wider conceptMML.FB.AA (Division of ligament of knee)ICHI's closest code is "Division of ligament of knee," which captures the open division/release action at the knee but classifies the structure as ligament rather than retinaculum (fascia), and does not encode the lateral specificity.
274970004 (Lateral tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)ICHI has a single generic "Tracheostomy" code with no variant distinguishing lateral from standard technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
250177007 (Human leukocyte antigen genotype determination)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)HLA genotype determination is a specific molecular/immunogenotyping test, but ICHI has no dedicated code for HLA typing; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest match within the immunological system function block but is considerably broader.
1366475009 (Hybrid ventilation treatment)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)Hybrid ventilation (combining invasive and non-invasive modes) is a specific ventilation strategy not individually coded in ICHI; JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code for mechanical respiratory support and is broader, covering all forms of artificial ventilation.
252203007 (Hydrocortisone infusion test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The hydrocortisone infusion test is a dynamic provocative test of the HPA axis; ICHI has no specific code, so the broader endocrine gland functional assessment is the best available match without capturing the pharmacological challenge methodology.
252204001 (Hydrocortisone suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)Like the infusion test, the suppression test is an endocrine provocative test of adrenal-pituitary function with no specific ICHI category; the broader endocrine gland functional assessment is the best available match.
431345000 (Hydrodistension of glenohumeral joint using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DB.AE (Injection into shoulder joint)Hydrodistension is a therapeutic distension of the glenohumeral joint capsule via percutaneous injection under imaging guidance; MDJ.DB.AE is the closest code but does not capture ultrasound guidance or the capsular distension intent.
252233000 (Hydrogen breath test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The hydrogen breath test assesses carbohydrate malabsorption or SIBO via exhaled hydrogen after an oral substrate load; no specific ICHI code exists, so the NEC residual digestive function test is the best available match.
60453007 (Hydrotherapy in Hubbard tank)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)A Hubbard tank is a full-body immersion hydrotherapy device, semantically congruent with PZA.ZZ.BS; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the Hubbard tank as the instrument.
113132006 (Hydrotherapy with cold packs or compresses)maps to wider conceptPZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for cold-pack/compress hydrotherapy; PZX.SE.ZZ captures the core therapeutic action (cooling) but is broader and not specific to water-based cold application.
397844004 (Hydrotherapy with hot packs or compresses)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for hot-pack/compress hydrotherapy; PZX.SD.BQ captures the warming intent but is broader and not restricted to water-based heat application.
113133001 (Hydrotherapy with whirlpool bath)maps to wider conceptPZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)Whirlpool bath is a form of full-body immersion hydrotherapy; PZA.ZZ.BS is the nearest ICHI code but is broader as it covers all full-immersion hydrotherapy without specifying the whirlpool modality.
782709005 (Hydroxychloroquine therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI contains no drug-specific codes for hydroxychloroquine or DMARDs/antimalarials; PZX.TI.ZZ represents pharmacotherapy prescription at unspecified site and is the closest available category.
236955007 (Hyperalimentation of fetus through amniotic cavity)maps to wider conceptNMR.DG.AE (Fetal infusion)NMR.DG.AE covers infusion to a fetal structure via percutaneous (intra-amniotic) approach, aligning with delivery mechanism and fetal target; however, it does not specify nutritional/hyperalimentation intent.
25304009 (Hypochondrial hernioplasty)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)Hernioplasty of the hypochondrial region maps best to "Reconstruction of abdominal wall"; ICHI is broader because it does not specify the hypochondrial subregion and reconstruction covers more than hernioplasty.
112946002 (Hypogastric plexectomy)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated code for hypogastric plexus excision; the closest procedural code is excision of peripheral nerve, which is broader as it encompasses any peripheral nerve.
398772000 (Hypoglycemia education)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)ICHI has no code specific to hypoglycemia education; ETB.PM.ZZ is the closest available code but covers education about all metabolic functions, not just hypoglycemia.
372033006 (Hypothermia risk assessment)maps to wider conceptETG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thermoregulatory function)Hypothermia is a failure of thermoregulation, so risk assessment falls under assessment of thermoregulatory function; the ICHI code is wider as it covers thermoregulatory assessment broadly, not specific risk-screening.
24068006 (Hysterectomy for removal of hydatidiform mole)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies hysterectomy for the indication of hydatidiform mole removal; NME.JK.AA is indication-neutral and does not capture the mole pathology, making it broader.
392000009 (Hysterotomy for retained placenta)maps to wider conceptNME.FA.AA (Hysterotomy)NME.FA.AA covers hysterotomy as a general procedure without specifying the purpose of removing a retained placenta; no ICHI code exists for hysterotomy specifically performed for retained placenta.
26578004 (Hysterotomy with removal of hydatidiform mole)maps to wider conceptNME.FA.AA (Hysterotomy)ICHI has no dedicated code for evacuation of a hydatidiform mole by hysterotomy; molar disease is not explicitly represented, so the generic hysterotomy code is the best available match.
711024000 (Identification of altered perception)maps to wider conceptAUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of perceptual function)AUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of perceptual functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to identifying an altered/abnormal perceptual state rather than general perceptual assessment.
120640001 (Laxative identification)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)"Laxative identification" is a clinical act of identifying/assessing a specific class of medication; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications generically and is broader, encompassing assessment of any medication rather than specifically laxatives.
413126003 (Learning disabilities health assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated code for health assessment of people with intellectual/learning disabilities; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest code but is broader, covering any person rather than this population-targeted assessment.
761887006 (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment LOUD)maps to wider conceptJUB.PH.ZZ (Training of voice functions)LSVT LOUD is a structured intensive voice treatment for hypophonia in Parkinson's disease; JUB.PH.ZZ correctly captures the target (voice function) and training action but does not encode the LSVT LOUD protocol or Parkinson's context.
717837005 (Leflunomide therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Leflunomide is an oral DMARD; ICHI has no drug-specific codes, so PZA.DB.AC captures the oral route of administration but is substantially broader, covering any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent.
401222009 (Left dorsalis pedis ABPI)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)The ankle-brachial pressure index at the dorsalis pedis is a non-invasive sphygmomanometric measurement; ITA.AB.AH is the closest available code but does not encode the dorsalis pedis site, laterality, or the calculated ratio nature of the ABPI test.
1303663006 (Left hip joint denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated hip joint denervation code; ACA.GA.AA captures the procedure type (destruction of peripheral nerve) but does not specify the hip joint target or laterality.
1052229001 (Left inguinal herniotomy)maps to wider conceptPAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)ICHI codes inguinal hernia repair without distinguishing herniotomy (sac ligation) from herniorrhaphy; PAM.MK.AA is the non-mesh open repair code, broader than the herniotomy-specific technique and not encoding left-side laterality.
401224005 (Left posterior tibial ABPI)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)ICHI does not have a dedicated ABPI code; ITB.AB.AH (measurement of blood vessel functions) is the best functional fit, broader as it does not specify the ankle-brachial ratio, the posterior tibial artery site, or laterality.
1303667007 (Left wrist joint region denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated wrist joint denervation code; ACA.GA.AA covers the procedure class (open destruction of sensory nerve supply) but is broader, not specific to the wrist joint region nor carrying laterality.
410395003 (Legal system surveillance)maps to wider conceptUEJ.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning legal services, systems and policies)UEJ.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance in the legal-services domain; broader because it covers all surveillance across that entire domain while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to surveillance of individuals within the legal system.
406166003 (Legal testimony)maps to wider conceptUEJ.RG.ZZ (Providing legal services, systems and policies)ICHI has no specific code for giving legal testimony or expert witness work; UEJ.RG.ZZ broadly covers delivery of legal services including testimony, making it wider than the specific act of providing testimony.
406875003 (Leishman stain method)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)ICHI does not encode individual staining techniques; XG06E8 (peripheral blood film examination) is the closest match as the standard investigation for which Leishman staining is the preparatory technique, and is wider as it encompasses the whole examination rather than the staining step alone.
726600009 (Lenalidomide therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI does not encode individual drugs; lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent so PZA.DB.AC is the best structural fit, substantially wider as it covers any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent.
50054007 (Lengthening of bone for reconstruction of thumb)maps to wider conceptMGB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LK.AA is the limb-lengthening code for any bone of the hand or finger; wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all fingers and hand bones, not exclusively the thumb, and does not specify the reconstructive purpose.
90115004 (Lengthening of bone of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of tibia or fibula)MNB.LK.AA covers tibia and fibula together while the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia alone; the procedure type matches but the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope.
64754005 (Lengthening of bone of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures on bone of forearm)ICHI does not have an ulna-specific limb lengthening code; MFB.LK.AA covers all bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), making it broader than the ulna-specific SNOMED concept.
25355002 (Lengthening of bone with bone graft)maps to wider conceptMRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)ICHI has no code capturing bone-graft technique combined with limb lengthening; MRB.LK.AA matches the action (limb lengthening, unspecified site) but does not encode the bone-graft means, making it broader.
448894000 (Lengthening of metacarpal bone)maps to wider conceptMGB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LK.AA covers all bones of hand or finger while the SNOMED concept is restricted to metacarpal bones; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
448927001 (Lengthening of metatarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.LK.AA (Lengthening procedure of bone of foot or toe)MOB.LK.AA covers all bones of foot or toe while the SNOMED concept is restricted to metatarsal bones; the ICHI code is broader, with the procedure type and anatomical region matching directly.
232749009 (Lengthening operation on mitral papillary muscle)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)The papillary muscles form part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus and lengthening is a specific subvalvar repair technique; HDF.MK.AA covers all forms of mitral subvalvar repair and is therefore broader than this precise lengthening procedure.
232787001 (Lengthening operation on tricuspid papillary muscle)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)Tricuspid papillary muscles are part of the tricuspid subvalvar apparatus; lengthening of the papillary muscle is captured only at the broader level by HDH.MK.AA, which covers all forms of tricuspid valve or subvalvar repair.
1338037003 (Lercanidipine therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not have codes for individual drug agents or drug classes; PZX.TI.ZZ (pharmacotherapy prescription) covers prescribing of any pharmacological agent and is therefore considerably broader than therapy with the specific calcium-channel blocker lercanidipine.
57425007 (Leukocyte poor blood preparation, invert-spin)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)ICHI has no code for leukoreduction or specific blood-component processing techniques; DIA.JH.AF is the closest code in the interventions-on-blood block, but does not capture the invert-spin centrifugation technique, making it a broad and imprecise match.
1153513004 (Liaising with health care provider on medication regime)maps to wider conceptUAC.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to medications)UAC.TD.ZZ captures collaboration about medications but does not restrict the partner to a health-care provider nor specify the focus on the regime/plan, making the ICHI code wider.
225971008 (Liaising with multidisciplinary team)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)UCK.TD.ZZ captures inter-professional collaboration with health professionals, exactly what liaising with an MDT entails; wider because it does not distinguish team-based from individual-provider collaboration.
709763007 (Liaising with nutritionist)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)A nutritionist is a health professional, so UCK.TD.ZZ structurally covers this concept; wider because it does not specify nutritionist/dietitian and no nutrition-focused inter-professional liaison code exists in ICHI.
709756007 (Liaising with pain management specialist)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)UCK.TD.ZZ captures the act of collaborating/liaising with a health professional, which is the core activity in this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific professional type (pain management specialist). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
709757003 (Liaising with pharmacist)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)A pharmacist is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ represents the collaborative liaison activity with health professionals generally, but ICHI does not encode the specific professional discipline (pharmacist). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept.
709755006 (Liaising with physician)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)A physician is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ represents the collaborative liaison activity with health professionals generally. ICHI lacks a code specific to liaising with a physician, making this a wider match.
1155758005 (Liaising with physiotherapist)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)A physiotherapist is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ encodes collaboration/liaison with health professionals as a class. ICHI does not distinguish the specific profession, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
428453008 (Liaising with police regarding subject)maps to wider conceptUCL.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from other professionals)Police are non-health professionals, so UCL.TD.ZZ (collaboration with other professionals) is the closest available ICHI code for this liaison activity. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all non-health professionals and does not restrict to police or specify the subject matter.
225968000 (Liaising with relative)maps to wider conceptUCB.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from immediate family)"Liaising with relative" is a specific act of communication between a clinician and a family member, which fits within ICHI's concept of collaboration relating to immediate family support; however, UCB.TD.ZZ is broader, covering all collaboration on immediate family support beyond just a single liaison act, and does not distinguish extended family/relatives.
225984004 (Liaising with speech and language therapist)maps to wider conceptUCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)"Liaising with speech and language therapist" is a specific inter-professional communication with a named health professional, which maps best to ICHI's collaboration code for health professional support; UCK.TD.ZZ is wider because it covers all health professionals, not just speech and language therapists, and encompasses broader collaboration rather than a single liaison event.
699826006 (Lifestyle education regarding risk of diabetes)maps to wider conceptVE1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)VE1.PM.ZZ covers education targeting lifestyle behaviours in general, which encompasses the diabetes-risk-reduction intent of the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI has no code specific to metabolic disease risk or diabetes prevention, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1231510004 (Lift-off test)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)The lift-off (Gerber) test is a specific clinical examination maneuver for the shoulder subscapularis muscle; ICHI has no named orthopaedic provocation tests or shoulder-specific clinical tests, making the generic "physical examination of a body site, NEC" catch-all the only available code, which is substantially broader.
61798009 (Ligamentous reconstruction of knee, extra-articular)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA captures reconstruction of knee ligaments in general but does not distinguish between extra-articular and intra-articular approaches; the SNOMED concept is more specific, so the ICHI code is wider.
59175005 (Ligamentous reconstruction of knee, intra-articular)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA covers knee ligament reconstruction without specifying the intra-articular approach (typically ACL or PCL); the arthroscopic variant is more technique-specific but still does not encode the intra-articular distinction, so the best available code remains wider than the SNOMED concept.
21115002 (Ligation for closure of lacrimal punctum)maps to wider conceptBAD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lacrimal apparatus)Ligation of the lacrimal punctum is a specific method of occluding the lacrimal drainage system at the punctal level, which ICHI captures as occlusion of the lacrimal apparatus — a broader target (whole apparatus rather than punctum specifically) and an unspecified means rather than ligation in particular.
175788008 (Ligation of acquired arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZE.LA.AA (Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Ligation of an AV fistula is an open surgical occlusion of an abnormal arteriovenous connection; ICHI has no dedicated AV fistula ligation code, and "occlusion of blood vessel NEC" is the closest concept covering the action (occlusion) on a generic vessel target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the AV nature and the acquired etiology.
1144700008 (Ligation of aneurysm of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm ligation; ligation of an arterial aneurysm is fundamentally a repair procedure on an artery, and "repair of artery NEC" is the best available parent concept, though it is broader as it encompasses all non-specified arterial repair techniques and targets beyond aneurysm ligation.
175706005 (Ligation of aneurysm of popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)As with ligation of aneurysm of artery generally, ICHI has no dedicated code for popliteal aneurysm ligation; "repair of artery NEC" is the best available match but is significantly broader, covering any non-specified arterial repair regardless of location or technique.
438546008 (Ligation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no dedicated code for ligation/closure of a dialysis AV fistula specifically; "Management of arteriovenous shunt" (IZA.SN.AF) is the closest available code, but it is broader — encompassing all management actions on an AV shunt, not specifically ligation and not restricted to dialysis access.
438548009 (Ligation of arteriovenous dialysis graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)As with the dialysis fistula concept, ICHI does not distinguish between a native AV fistula and a synthetic AV graft for dialysis access; "Management of arteriovenous shunt" is the best available code but covers a broader action (management, not specifically ligation) and does not capture the graft-vs-fistula distinction.
448237004 (Ligation of arteriovenous fistula of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for ligation of an AV fistula of an extremity; "Management of arteriovenous shunt" covers AV shunt interventions broadly but does not restrict to ligation or to extremity location, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
448110005 (Ligation of common and superficial and deep femoral arteries)maps to wider conceptIFA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of lower limb)ICHI does not have a femoral-artery-specific ligation code; IFA.LA.AA covers any occlusion (including ligation) of any lower-limb artery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies three named femoral vessels simultaneously. Ligation is semantically a subtype of occlusion, making this a wider match.
172813005 (Ligation of ethmoid artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of head and neck)ICHI has no specific code for the ethmoid artery or anterior ethmoidal artery ligation; IBA.LA.AA covers open occlusion of any extracranial artery of the head and neck, which subsumes ethmoid artery ligation but is broader in anatomical scope. The ethmoid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, not the carotid trunk, making the non-specific head and neck artery code a better fit than the carotid-specific code.
46912008 (Ligation of external carotid artery for nasal hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptIBB.LA.AA (Occlusion of carotid artery, extracranial)IBB.LA.AA covers open occlusion of the extracranial carotid artery, which directly matches ligation of the external carotid artery as an intervention type and target; however, ICHI does not encode the clinical indication (nasal hemorrhage) nor distinguish external from common/internal carotid, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
259324000 (Ligation of fallopian tube with crushing)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA is the open (non-laparoscopic) occlusion of fallopian tubes code and is the best available match for tubal ligation, which is a form of fallopian tube occlusion; however, ICHI does not differentiate the specific technique of ligation-with-crushing (the Madlener method), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
405310000 (Ligation of gonadal vein)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)The gonadal vein (ovarian or spermatic vein) is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IED.LA.AA is the best available match. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to the gonadal vein, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
395139009 (Ligation of inferior mesenteric artery with preservation of ascending left colic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, making IEA.LA.AA the best available match; however, ICHI has no code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery, and the SNOMED concept's additional specificity (preservation of the ascending left colic artery) is entirely unrepresented.
7017002 (Ligation of internal jugular vein)maps to wider conceptIBD.LA.AA (Occlusion of vein of head and neck)The internal jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IBD.LA.AA is the best available match; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal jugular vein, making this broader than the SNOMED concept.
230899005 (Ligation of intracranial aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)Surgical ligation (clipping) of an intracranial aneurysm is classified under occlusion of intracranial artery in ICHI, which is the most specific available code; however, the ICHI code covers occlusion of any intracranial artery for any reason, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets an aneurysm, making ICHI broader.
230903003 (Ligation of intracranial vessel)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)The SNOMED concept refers to any intracranial vessel (artery or vein), but the best-fitting ICHI code is specific to the intracranial artery; the intracranial vein block contains only imaging codes, leaving IAA.LA.AA as the closest assignable code despite it being narrower on the vessel type axis.
178323002 (Ligation of lymphatic duct)maps to wider conceptDFO.LA.AA (Occlusion of lymphatic vessel)"Lymphatic duct" is a general term covering the thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, and others; DFO.LA.AA covers lymphatic vessels other than the thoracic duct, making it slightly broader than the specific duct intended, but it is the best match at the unspecified lymphatic duct level — DFP.LA.AA (thoracic duct) would be more specific but presupposes a particular duct not named in the SNOMED concept.
301084004 (Ligation of maxillary artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of head and neck)ICHI has no code specific to the maxillary artery — it is classified as an artery of the head and neck, and IBA.LA.AA is the closest assignable code covering open occlusion of head and neck arteries; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all extracranial head and neck arteries, not the maxillary artery alone.
235491002 (Ligation of pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCO (Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct)ICHI has no specific ligation/occlusion code for the pancreatic duct — the pancreatic duct block (BlockL5-KCO) covers all interventions on the pancreas and pancreatic duct but does not include a dedicated ligation category. The block is the closest assignable grouping, and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
176565000 (Ligation of saphenocorporal shunt)maps to wider conceptIFD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lower limb vein)A saphenocorporal shunt is an abnormal connection between the great saphenous vein and the corpus cavernosum; ligation of this shunt functionally constitutes occlusion of the lower limb vein component. IFD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lower limb vein) is broader than this specific shunt ligation but is the best available ICHI match within the lower limb vein block.
450508005 (Ligation of sphenopalatine artery)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)ICHI has no code for ligation of a specific named nasal artery; sphenopalatine artery ligation is performed to control posterior epistaxis, making JAA.LA.AC the closest functional match, though it is broader as it encompasses all methods of epistaxis control regardless of technique or vessel.
16246005 (Ligation of supernumerary fingers)maps to wider conceptMRS.LA.AH (Ligation of supernumerary digit)ICHI uses the term "digit" which covers both fingers and toes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to fingers. The procedure (ligation) and target (supernumerary structure) are otherwise an exact match.
35969002 (Ligation of supernumerary toes)maps to wider conceptMRS.LA.AH (Ligation of supernumerary digit)ICHI uses the term "digit" which covers both fingers and toes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to toes. The procedure (ligation) and target (supernumerary structure) are otherwise an exact match.
81532003 (Ligation of temporal artery)maps to wider conceptIBA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of head and neck)The temporal artery (both superficial and deep) is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, so IBA.LA.AA is the best available ICHI fit; however it covers all arteries of the head and neck, not just the temporal artery specifically, and "occlusion" encompasses ligation among other methods making the ICHI code broader on both the target and means dimensions.
303136004 (Ligation of testicular vein)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)The testicular (spermatic) vein drains into the abdominal/pelvic venous system (left side into renal vein, right side into IVC), and no specific ICHI code exists for this vessel; IED.LA.AA is the closest anatomical fit but covers all abdominal or pelvic veins, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
28738003 (Ligation of thoracic artery)maps to wider conceptIDA.LA.AA (Occlusion of thoracic artery)IDA.LA.AA precisely targets the thoracic artery, matching the anatomical target exactly; however "occlusion" is the broader ICHI action that subsumes ligation as one specific technique among several (e.g., clipping, embolisation), making the ICHI code wider on the means/action dimension.
66077003 (Ligation of varicocele)maps to wider conceptNGD.LA.AA (Ligation of spermatic cord)ICHI does not have a dedicated varicocele ligation code; the closest match is ligation of the spermatic cord (NGD.LA.AA), which is the anatomical structure ligated during varicocele repair, but it is broader because it does not specify that only the dilated venous pampiniform plexus is targeted.
446726006 (Ligation of varix of duodenum)maps to wider conceptIED.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein)ICHI has no code for ligation of a duodenal varix specifically; IED.LA.AA (occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein) is the broadest applicable category covering venous occlusion in the abdominal region, but it does not capture the duodenal varix specificity or the ligation means.
237018002 (Ligation or embolization of pelvic vessels)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IEA (Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery)No single ICHI category covers both ligation and embolization of pelvic vessels together. The SNOMED concept spans both arteries and veins, and the block "Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery" best captures the arterial component, though it is broader because the SNOMED concept also includes veins and combines two procedural methods.
176456009 (Ligation/excision of patent processus vaginalis)maps to wider conceptNGL.LA.AE (Ligation of patent processus vaginalis)NGL.LA.AE precisely covers ligation of patent processus vaginalis, which is one of the two procedures in the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED term also includes excision, making the ICHI code wider relative to the combined ligation-or-excision intent. No separate ICHI code for excision of the processus vaginalis was found.
427023009 (Limited translocation of macula)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI has no specific code for macular translocation surgery; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the only retinal repair category in the classification and subsumes macular translocation as one of many retinal repair procedures, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
397997006 (Lingual frenoplasty)maps to wider conceptKAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue)ICHI has KAB.FB.AC (Lingual fraenotomy) for simple division of the lingual frenulum, but frenoplasty is a reconstructive/reshaping procedure — not a mere incision — making KAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue) a better fit than fraenotomy, though it is broader as it covers all tongue repair procedures.
119862008 (Lip closure)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)"Repair of lip" is the closest ICHI concept — it covers closure/suturing of the lip after a wound or surgical defect. ICHI does not distinguish closure specifically from other repair techniques, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
119857007 (Lip excision)maps to wider conceptKAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lip)"Lip excision" in SNOMED is a general category covering any excision of lip tissue, while ICHI offers "Partial excision of lip" (KAA.JJ.AA) as the best fit; the ICHI code is the broadest available excision code for lip — a total lip excision code does not exist separately, so this is the closest available match.
119869004 (Lip transposition)maps to wider conceptKAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)Lip transposition is a specific reconstructive technique where a flap of lip tissue is repositioned, which falls within the broader ICHI category of "Reconstruction of lip" (KAA.ML.AA); ICHI has no dedicated transposition-of-lip code, making this a wider match.
252463007 (Liquid crystals thermometry)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)Liquid crystal thermometry is a specific technique for measuring body surface temperature; ETG.AB.ZZ covers body temperature measurement broadly without specifying the method or instrument, making the ICHI code wider than this particular SNOMED concept.
243157005 (Liquid ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)Liquid ventilation is a specific form of artificial ventilation using a perfluorocarbon liquid medium (rather than gas), which has no dedicated ICHI code. JTB.DE.AC "Artificial ventilation" is the closest code but is broader, covering all forms of mechanical/artificial ventilatory support.
386195006 (Lithotripsy of calculus of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of bladder)NAI.GA.BJ matches the target (urinary bladder) and the destruction action (GA) precisely; however the ICHI title specifies extracorporeal shockwave as the means whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the technique. The shockwave means encoding makes the ICHI code the broadest available representation for bladder lithotripsy.
27280000 (Liver transplant with recipient hepatectomy)maps to wider conceptKCA.KD.AA (Liver transplant)KCA.KD.AA is the single ICHI code for liver transplant and is the closest available match; the SNOMED concept adds the specific detail that a recipient hepatectomy is performed as part of the procedure, which is clinically implied in most orthotopic liver transplants but is not explicitly captured in the ICHI code, making ICHI broader.
183258006 (Loan of crutches)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)ICHI captures the act of providing (loaning) goods for personal mobility, which directly encompasses crutches as an axillary/elbow walking aid. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all mobility and transportation products rather than crutches specifically.
183260008 (Loan of nebulizer)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A nebulizer is a personal-use medical device for respiratory drug delivery; ICHI classifies providing such assistive/daily-living products under UAD.RD.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all personal daily-living products, not nebulizers specifically.
183259003 (Loan of walking stick)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)A walking stick (cane) is a personal mobility assistive product; ICHI groups provisioning of all such mobility goods under UAE.RD.ZZ. The code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a single device type, but it is the most specific ICHI code available for loaning walking aids.
125571002 (Lobectomy)maps to wider conceptJBF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lung)A lobectomy is the surgical removal of one lobe of the lung, which is a partial excision of lung parenchyma; JBF.JJ.AA is the correct ICHI representation. The ICHI code is slightly wider because "partial excision of lung" encompasses any non-total lung resection (e.g., segmentectomy, wedge resection) and is not restricted to lobar resection.
307015004 (Local anesthetic block of nerve plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated code for nerve plexus blocks; ACA.DC.AE is the closest structural equivalent, as nerve plexuses are part of the peripheral nervous system. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral nerve injection, not specifically a plexus block.
431928000 (Local anesthetic block of spinal nerve root using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)ABN.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal nerve and is the best available ICHI match; however it does not distinguish spinal nerve root from the nerve trunk, nor does it capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept.
231044008 (Local anesthetic block on spinal nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)ICHI has no specific code for injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve ganglion (dorsal root ganglion); ABN.DC.AE is the closest match as the dorsal root ganglion is anatomically part of the spinal nerve, making the ICHI code broader.
231043002 (Local anesthetic block on spinal nerve root)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)ABN.DC.AE is the best available match as the spinal nerve root is the proximal portion of the spinal nerve, and ICHI does not distinguish nerve root from nerve trunk in its anaesthetic injection codes, making it semantically wider.
231210007 (Local anesthetic facet joint nerve block)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)A facet joint nerve block targets the medial branch spinal nerves supplying the zygapophyseal joint; ICHI's ABN.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any spinal nerve percutaneously without specifying the facet joint target, making it broader.
231242001 (Local anesthetic glossopharyngeal nerve block)maps to wider conceptAAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is a direct structural match; however, it covers all cranial nerves rather than CN IX specifically, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
303355006 (Local anesthetic intravenous regional block)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)Intravenous regional block (Bier block) is a technique of injecting local anaesthetic into a limb vein under tourniquet; PZA.DC.AF covers intravenous anaesthesia at the whole-body/unspecified level and does not capture the regional limb-isolation technique.
734002009 (Local anesthetic lumbar paravertebral nerve block)maps to wider conceptABN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve)Lumbar paravertebral nerve block targets spinal nerves adjacent to the lumbar vertebral column; ABN.DC.AE covers anaesthetic injection into any spinal nerve percutaneously but does not specify the lumbar level or paravertebral approach.
303507005 (Local anesthetic nerve block in head and neck)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any local anaesthetic nerve block in the head or neck region; ACA.DC.AE covers peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection for any site without anatomical restriction, making it wider since ICHI lacks a dedicated head-and-neck nerve block grouper code.
231161008 (Local anesthetic nerve block in lower limb)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the lower limb region. ICHI lacks region-specific peripheral nerve block codes.
303508000 (Local anesthetic nerve block in trunk)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE is the best available match for a nerve block, but it does not capture the trunk anatomical region. ICHI has no trunk-specific peripheral nerve block code.
231129009 (Local anesthetic nerve block in upper limb)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE represents injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve but does not restrict to the upper limb. ICHI does not have upper-limb-specific peripheral nerve block codes.
416427008 (Local anesthetic popliteal fossa block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The popliteal fossa block targets peripheral nerves at the popliteal fossa, but ICHI does not encode the specific access site or target nerve. ACA.DC.AE is the closest code but is broader.
231166003 (Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; anterior approach)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The SNOMED concept specifies both a named nerve (sciatic) and a specific surgical approach (anterior), neither of which is encoded in ICHI's ACA.DC.AE. This code covers all peripheral nerve anaesthetic injections and is therefore broader.
416743002 (Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; lateral approach)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve percutaneously and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the sciatic nerve as the target or the lateral approach.
231168002 (Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; lithotomy approach)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE is the best available ICHI code for sciatic nerve block but covers all peripheral nerves without specifying the sciatic nerve or the lithotomy approach.
231167007 (Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; posterior approach)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE is the best available ICHI match for a sciatic nerve anaesthetic block but is broader, as it encompasses all peripheral nerves and does not encode the posterior approach.
257758000 (Local application of hemostyptics)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)Hemostyptics (topical agents applied to arrest bleeding) are a pharmacotherapy, and PZA.DB.AH captures topical pharmacotherapy application at an unspecified body site; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to hemostatic/styptic agents, so the ICHI code is broader.
182661005 (Local cooling therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)"Local cooling therapy" refers to cooling applied to a specific body part, which aligns with peripheral cooling. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral cooling regardless of localisation or therapeutic intent.
18734000 (Local destruction of lesion of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept refers to local destruction of a joint lesion without specifying a site, which aligns with the ICHI "unspecified site" code; however, ICHI's title also covers "tissue" (not just lesion), making it marginally broader.
11673002 (Local destruction of lesion of joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of finger or hand joint)The SNOMED concept is specific to the finger joint, while the ICHI code covers both finger and hand joints together; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope.
34712001 (Local destruction of lesion of joint of hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of finger or hand joint)The SNOMED concept is specific to the hand joint, while the ICHI code groups finger and hand joints under a single code, making the ICHI code anatomically broader.
48032002 (Local destruction of lesion of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea)The ICHI code covers destruction of both lesions and tissue of the trachea, while the SNOMED concept specifies only local destruction of a lesion; the ICHI title is slightly broader in scope.
52631006 (Local destruction of lesion of wrist joint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint)ICHI MFJ.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the wrist joint and is the closest available code; it is marginally broader because it also encompasses tissue destruction beyond a discrete lesion.
40862005 (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JI.AA is the ICHI residual/NEC code for local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue when no body-region-specific code applies; it matches the SNOMED concept well semantically, but is slightly broader as it serves as a catch-all for any unspecified body region.
178033004 (Local fascial transposition flap)maps to wider conceptXG1UU3 (Local flap)XG1UU3 "Local flap" is an ICHI extension code representing the concept of a locally based tissue flap and is the closest available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the fascial tissue type or the transposition technique.
178221002 (Local muscle transposition flap)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI codes muscle transfer/transplantation at an unspecified site, which is the closest functional equivalent to a local muscle transposition flap, but does not distinguish "local" (pedicled, not free) flap technique from other transfers.
287590002 (Local skin ultraviolet therapy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Ultraviolet therapy is a form of phototherapy applied to skin, and this residual code captures phototherapy to skin not elsewhere classified, but it is broader as it encompasses all phototherapy modalities and does not distinguish localised from whole-body application.
304101005 (Local transposition flap - random pattern)maps to wider conceptXG1UU3 (Local flap)XG1UU3 "Local flap" is the closest ICHI extension code for a locally raised skin flap, but it does not distinguish the random-pattern vascular supply or the transposition technique; the ICHI concept is broader.
177442004 (Local transposition flap, fasciocutaneous)maps to wider conceptXG1UU3 (Local flap)XG1UU3 "Local flap" covers all locally raised flaps regardless of tissue composition; ICHI does not differentiate fasciocutaneous flaps from other local flap types, making this a broader match.
177427002 (Local transposition flap, myocutaneous)maps to wider conceptXG1UU3 (Local flap)XG1UU3 "Local flap" is the only ICHI extension code available for locally raised tissue flaps; it does not capture the muscle-and-skin (myocutaneous) composition specificity of this SNOMED concept.
278746002 (Long posterior flap incision)maps to wider conceptMNB.JN.AA (Below knee amputation)"Long posterior flap incision" is a specific skin-flap technique used exclusively in transtibial (below-knee) amputations; ICHI encodes the overall procedure without distinguishing the flap incision variant.
315043002 (Long term social support)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.RG.ZZ covers the act of providing general social support services, which aligns with the substance of long-term social support, but the ICHI code does not capture the "long term" temporal dimension.
36899001 (Loop electrosurgical excision procedure)maps to wider conceptNMF.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of cervix)LEEP is a specific electrosurgical technique for local excision of cervical lesions (typically CIN); NMF.JI.AC captures the target and action but does not specify the electrosurgical loop instrument, making the ICHI code broader in means/technique.
15791006 (Lord operation orchiopexy)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)The Lord operation is a specific open surgical technique for orchiopexy, but ICHI only has a generic open orchiopexy code, encompassing all open orchiopexy methods rather than this named variant.
306819000 (Low power laser therapy to lower limb)maps to wider conceptLAG.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI's phototherapy code matches the lower limb target and external light stimulation, but is broader because it encompasses all phototherapy modalities, not solely low-power laser.
306817003 (Low power laser therapy to neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.SC.AH covers the correct anatomical region and light-stimulation action, but is wider as it groups head and neck together and encompasses all phototherapy modalities.
306818008 (Low power laser therapy to trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.SC.AH matches the trunk target and external light stimulation axis but is broader because phototherapy covers all light-based modalities beyond low-power laser.
306815006 (Low power laser therapy to upper limb)maps to wider conceptLAE.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)LAE.SC.AH captures the upper limb skin target and stimulation-by-external-light mechanism, but is not restricted to low-power laser and covers all phototherapy approaches.
174035000 (Lower gastrointestinal procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)This SNOMED grouper covers all lower GI tract procedures; the closest ICHI structural fit is the broader GI tract interventions block, which also encompasses upper GI.
788180009 (Lower uterine segment cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery in general without distinguishing surgical approach or uterine incision site; the SNOMED concept specifies the lower uterine segment (transverse) technique.
229141009 (Lumbar isometric flexion exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode region-specific or technique-specific exercise types; MU2.PG.ZZ is the closest available code but is far broader than the lumbar isometric flexion specificity.
231062004 (Lumbar puncture to lower intracranial pressure)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)ABG.AH.AE captures the lumbar puncture procedure but is indication-agnostic; the SNOMED concept encodes a specific therapeutic intent (reduction of ICP) that ICHI does not represent.
438348005 (Lumbar puncture using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABG.AH.AE (Lumbar puncture)No fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture code exists in ICHI; the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fluoroscopic guidance.
72910005 (Lumbar sympathectomy)maps to wider conceptADD.JK.AA (Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve)ADD.JK.AA is the best match for surgical excision of the lumbar sympathetic chain; it is slightly wider in that sympathectomy may also be partial or destructive, but total excision is the closest analogue.
764913002 (Lumbar sympathetic plexus block using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptADD.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into lumbar sympathetic nerve)ADD.DC.AE matches the procedure intent (anaesthetic injection of the lumbar sympathetic nerve) but does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept.
229162005 (Lumbrical exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)Lumbrical exercises target the intrinsic hand (or foot) muscles; ICHI has no body-region-specific muscle exercise code, so MU2.PG.ZZ is much broader.
252256009 (Lundh meal)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The Lundh meal test is a standardised oral provocative test of pancreatic exocrine function; ICHI has no specific code, so the broader digestive function test category is the closest fit.
119756006 (Lung destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of lung)The SNOMED grouper covers any procedure that destroys lung tissue; JBF.GA.AA represents open destruction of lung lesion/tissue — the most direct single assignable ICHI match.
252472004 (Lung volume test)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)A lung volume test is a specific pulmonary measurement (e.g., plethysmography, gas dilution); JTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of respiration function broadly, with no more specific lung-volume code in ICHI.
63300003 (Lupus anticoagulant assay)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)The lupus anticoagulant assay is a specific coagulation test for phospholipid-dependent antibodies; DTA.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering all haematological system tests.
122430003 (Lupus erythematosus factor assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)The LE factor assay is a specific immunological diagnostic test; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological system tests broadly without specificity for this autoantibody assay.
73178002 (Lymphangiectomy)maps to wider conceptDFO.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel)Lymphangiectomy is surgical excision of a lymphatic vessel; ICHI has no code for total/segmental excision, and this lesion-excision code is the closest match within the lymphatic vessel block.
79950009 (Lymphangiorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptDFO.MK.AA (Repair of lymphatic vessels)Lymphangiorrhaphy is suture repair of a lymphatic vessel; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all repair techniques, not only suture.
119950005 (Lymphatic system closure)maps to wider conceptDFO.MK.AA (Repair of lymphatic vessels)Repair of lymphatic vessels is the closest available ICHI match, though restricted to vessels rather than the broader lymphatic system referenced by the SNOMED concept.
363192009 (Lymphatic system observation)maps to wider conceptDFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI uses "assessment" of an unspecified lymphatic structure, encompassing various assessment modalities rather than the specific observational intent of the SNOMED concept.
723687004 (Lymphatic treatment method)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)This SNOMED grouper covers any treatment of the lymphatic system; the ICHI block is broader as it includes diagnostic and other non-treatment interventions as well.
234299008 (Lymphonodovenous anastomosis)maps to wider conceptDFO.LB.AA (Anastomosis of lymphatic vessel)The SNOMED concept is specifically a lymph-node-to-vein anastomosis; DFO.LB.AA covers lymphatic vessel anastomosis broadly without capturing the node-to-vein specificity.
234300000 (Lymphovenous anastomosis)maps to wider conceptDFO.LB.AA (Anastomosis of lymphatic vessel)Lymphovenous anastomosis (vessel-to-vein) falls within the broader category of lymphatic vessel anastomosis; ICHI does not distinguish the venous target.
63120005 (Lysis of adhesions of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.FC.AA (Release of conjunctiva)"Release of conjunctiva" covers freeing the conjunctiva including from adhesions (e.g. symblepharon lysis), but the ICHI title is not restricted to adhesion lysis and thus encompasses a broader range of conjunctival release procedures.
11276004 (Lysis of adhesions of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.FC.AA (Release of eyelid)"Release of eyelid" is the closest ICHI code and covers operative freeing of the eyelid including adhesion lysis, but is not restricted to adhesions (could cover symblepharon repair approaches or contracture release).
45347001 (Lysis of adhesions of fascia of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)This code covers release of the fascia of the hand encompassing lysis of fascial adhesions, but is broader as it bundles ligament and fascia together and extends to the finger in addition to the hand.
14759003 (Lysis of adhesions of gallbladder)maps to wider conceptPAK.FC.AA (Release of abdominal adhesions)ICHI has no gallbladder-specific adhesion release code; the KCF (gallbladder) block contains no FC action code. PAK.FC.AA is the closest applicable code but is broader — encompassing all abdominal adhesions rather than specifically pericholecystic adhesions.
5789003 (Lysis of adhesions of intestines)maps to wider conceptKMA.FC.AA (Release of peritoneal adhesions)ICHI has no intestine-specific adhesion release code; lysis of intestinal adhesions is clinically performed on the peritoneal attachments around the bowel, making KMA.FC.AA the best clinical equivalent though it is broader.
60907009 (Lysis of adhesions of middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBA.FC.AC (Release of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's middle ear release code exists but is titled "not elsewhere classified," meaning it is a residual/catch-all for all middle ear release procedures rather than being adhesion-specific; broader than the SNOMED concept.
7040003 (Lysis of adhesions of nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no code specifically for release of adhesions of a nerve ganglion; ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system and ACA.FC.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader covering the entire peripheral nerve and not limited to adhesiolysis.
21228001 (Lysis of adhesions of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.FC.AA (Release of ovary)NMA.FC.AA is the closest available ICHI code for ovarian adhesiolysis, but its title "Release of ovary" is broader than adhesion lysis specifically — it encompasses any release procedure on the ovary, not exclusively adhesions.
55369000 (Lysis of adhesions of spleen)maps to wider conceptKMA.FC.AA (Release of peritoneal adhesions)ICHI has no dedicated "release of adhesions of spleen" code; splenic adhesions are perisplenic/peritoneal in nature, so KMA.FC.AA is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any peritoneal adhesion.
112982007 (Lysis of adhesions of stomach)maps to wider conceptKMA.FC.AA (Release of peritoneal adhesions)ICHI has no specific "release of adhesions of stomach" category; gastric adhesions are peritoneal in nature, making KMA.FC.AA the best available code, though it is broader as it covers all peritoneal adhesiolysis.
44322007 (Lysis of adhesions of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "release of adhesions of tendon" code, but MRT.FC.AA captures the same action on an unspecified tendon target. It is wider because the ICHI code is not adhesion-specific and covers any tendon release.
440097007 (Lysis of adhesions of triceps tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for the triceps tendon — the upper arm tendon block contains only repair and reconstruction codes, not release. MRT.FC.AA is the closest code using the same action axis on a tendon, but lacks site specificity.
629006 (Lysis of adhesions of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.FC.AA (Release of urethra)NAM.FC.AA is titled "Release of urethra" rather than specifically "release of urethral adhesions," making it broader — it could encompass release from any cause (stricture, fibrosis, adhesions) rather than adhesiolysis specifically.
55931003 (Lysis of anterior adhesions of iris)maps to wider conceptBBC.FC.AA (Release of iris)BBC.FC.AA covers release of the iris generally without specifying the type or location of adhesions (anterior synechiae). The ICHI code is broader, as it does not distinguish anterior from posterior iris adhesions.
52150005 (Lysis of goniosynechiae)maps to wider conceptBBC.FC.AA (Release of iris)Goniosynechiae are peripheral anterior synechiae where the iris adheres to the trabecular meshwork; lysis is effectively a release of the iris from the angle. "Release of iris" is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it does not specify the gonioscopic context or synechiae nature.
60758002 (Lysis of pelvic adhesions)maps to wider conceptKMA.FC.AA (Release of peritoneal adhesions)Pelvic adhesions are most commonly peritoneal adhesions within the pelvic cavity; "Release of peritoneal adhesions" is the closest ICHI match and represents the same fundamental procedure, but is broader because it is not anatomically restricted to the pelvis.
9788004 (Lysis of penile adhesions)maps to wider conceptNGM.FC.AA (Release of penis)"Release of penis" covers release procedures on the penis, encompassing lysis of penile adhesions (including preputial/foreskin adhesions); however it is broader as it does not specify the adhesion nature of the condition.
38378000 (Lysis of perirectal adhesions)maps to wider conceptKBW.FC.AA (Release of rectum)ICHI has no specific code for perirectal adhesion lysis; KBW.FC.AA targets the rectum with a release action via open approach, the anatomically closest code but broader since it covers the rectum generally rather than the perirectal tissue specifically.
44958007 (Lysis of posterior adhesions of iris)maps to wider conceptBBC.FC.AA (Release of iris)BBC.FC.AA encodes the iris target with the release action, directly corresponding to synechiolysis of the iris; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish between anterior and posterior iris adhesions.
709099008 (Lysis of vitreous in anterior chamber of eye using laser)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.GA.AH targets the anterior chamber with a destruction/ablation action performed without incision, which broadly covers laser-based lysis of vitreous strands; it is wider because ICHI does not specify the vitreous as the tissue target or laser as the means.
398239001 (MAC sedation)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)MAC (Monitored Anaesthesia Care) is a specific anaesthesia modality typically delivered intravenously with continuous patient monitoring; PZA.DC.AF is the closest ICHI category but is broader as it does not capture the "monitored" or "minimal/moderate sedation" distinction.
437171000124100 (Magnesium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A magnesium modified diet is a specific form of dietary intervention, falling under food modification; UAB.DA.ZZ is broader as it covers any modification to food intake without specifying the nutrient, mineral, or therapeutic goal.
66134002 (Magnet extraction of foreign body from cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cornea without incision)Magnet extraction of a corneal foreign body is a non-incisional removal technique, matching BBB.JD.AH well in target (cornea) and action (removal of foreign body without incision); the ICHI code is slightly wider as it does not specify the magnetic means.
78290008 (Magnet extraction of foreign body from iris)maps to wider conceptBZA.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body from eyeball with incision)ICHI has no code for foreign body removal specifically from the iris (the BBC iris block contains no JD action code). BZA.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from the eyeball with incision, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the iris and to a magnet-based technique.
89788006 (Magnet extraction of foreign body from posterior segment of eye)maps to wider conceptBCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye)BCA.JD.AA matches the anatomical target (posterior segment of eye) and the action (removal of foreign body) precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not distinguish the magnet-based extraction technique — the means axis uses AA (open approach) rather than specifying magnetics.
37332006 (Magnet extraction of foreign body from sclera)maps to wider conceptBCB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from sclera)BCB.JD.AA matches the scleral target and the foreign body removal action exactly, but is broader because ICHI does not encode the magnet technique as a distinct means; the SNOMED concept is additionally more specific by specifying magnetic extraction.
18752000 (Magnet extraction of intraocular foreign body from anterior chamber of eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye)BBE.JD.AA precisely matches the anatomical target (anterior chamber of eye) and the removal action, but is broader because it encompasses all methods of foreign body removal and does not encode the magnet-based extraction technique specified in the SNOMED concept.
113091000 (Magnetic resonance imaging)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body)ICHI does not have a single generic "MRI" code independent of anatomical target; PZA.BA.BH (MRI of whole body) is the closest topographically non-specific option, but it is broader than the undifferentiated SNOMED concept and technically implies a whole-body scan rather than a truly unspecified-site MRI.
1156935009 (Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body)ICHI has a whole-body MR imaging code but does not distinguish MR spectroscopy (a functional/metabolic technique) from structural MRI — the ICHI code subsumes both under "magnetic resonance imaging," making it broader than the specific SNOMED spectroscopy concept.
697983005 (Maintenance of artificial sphincter of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.SN.AC (Management of internal device of anus)The ICHI code covers management of any internal device within the anus, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the maintenance of an artificial sphincter device. The action (ongoing device management/maintenance) and anatomical target match well, but ICHI is broader in device type.
384745002 (Maintenance of gastrointestinal tract tube)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC covers management of stomas not classified elsewhere and is the broadest GI artificial-structure management code in ICHI, but it encompasses stoma management generally rather than being specific to tube maintenance in the gastrointestinal tract, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
265575006 (Maintenance of prosthetic collar around neck of female urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no code specific to maintenance of a prosthetic collar at the bladder neck; NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which is broader in both anatomical site (bladder rather than bladder neck) and device type. The female-specific aspect is also not captured.
265583000 (Maintenance of prosthetic collar around neck of male urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)Same reasoning as 265575006 — no ICHI code exists for a prosthetic collar specifically at the bladder neck; NAI.SN.AC (management of internal device for urinary bladder) is the closest available code, covering a broader anatomical site and device class without capturing the male-specific or bladder-neck-specific detail.
423001006 (Maintenance of temporary epicardial cardiac pacemaker settings)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.SN.AA covers management of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish temporary epicardial systems from permanent or endocardial ones, nor does it limit to settings adjustment; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both the type (temporary epicardial) and the action (settings maintenance).
265577003 (Maintenance of urinary bladder neck sphincter in female)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)ICHI has no dedicated code for maintenance of the bladder neck sphincter; NAI.SN.AC is the nearest available code representing device management at the bladder, but it does not capture the sphincter-specific or female-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
1363534005 (Maintenance of wakefulness test)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is a standardised sleep-medicine test that measures the ability to remain awake, and falls within ICHI's "Test of sleep functions" category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all sleep function tests, not solely the MWT.
77570000 (Major thoracotomy with removal of intrapleural foreign body)maps to wider conceptJCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura)JCA.JD.AA captures the target (pleura) and action (removal of foreign body) precisely, and the open approach (AA means = open) aligns with a major thoracotomy. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the approach is a major (full) thoracotomy as opposed to a smaller open incision.
1208764008 (Male hypospadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Hypospadias repair is performed by reconstructing the urethra to its normal anatomical position and calibre, which aligns directly with NAM.ML.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it also covers urethral reconstruction for causes other than hypospadias (e.g., stricture, trauma).
1254994005 (Mammalian meat free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)"Food modification" (UAB.DA.ZZ) captures the concept of altering what a person consumes, but it is far broader than specifying a mammalian-meat-free dietary restriction; no ICHI code represents a specific named exclusion diet at this level of granularity.
1220572004 (Mammography guided biopsy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)LCA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous needle biopsy of breast, which is the correct procedural action and target, but the ICHI code does not specify mammographic (X-ray) guidance as the means; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the imaging modality used.
57401004 (Mammoplasty with full thickness graft of skin)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the breast using open approach, which encompasses procedures involving grafting, but it does not specify that the technique uses a full-thickness skin graft; the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding the graft type employed.
49770002 (Mammoplasty with pedicle graft)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA captures breast reconstruction broadly, including pedicle flap techniques, but is not specific to the pedicle graft approach — the ICHI code subsumes all breast reconstruction methods. The extension code XG9JE8 (Pedicle flap) could be appended for greater specificity, but the base code alone is wider than the SNOMED concept.
710060004 (Management of anxiety)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Anxiety is a disturbance of emotional functions, and AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling on emotional functions) is the closest ICHI match for a clinical management/counselling intervention targeting anxiety; however it covers all emotional functions (not anxiety specifically), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
737899003 (Management of counseling for change in body image)maps to wider conceptAUL.PP.ZZ (Counselling for experience of self and time functions)Body image is classified within "experience of self" functions in ICHI, and AUL.PP.ZZ is counselling specifically targeting that functional domain; the code is slightly broader because it encompasses all experience-of-self and time functions, not solely body image change.
431414003 (Management of external defibrillation)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)HFC.SC.AH covers the conversion of cardiac arrhythmia by any means (external electrical shock, pharmacological, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to external (transcutaneous) electrical defibrillation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1163384002 (Management of infant formula in breastmilk)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)ICHI has no code specific to managing infant formula supplementation within a breastfeeding context; VEH.RB.ZZ covers the practical, hands-on clinical support of breastfeeding behaviours broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept of managing infant formula in breastmilk.
1163381005 (Management of modular carbohydrate formula component in breastmilk)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)ICHI lacks any code for managing specific nutritional formula components (such as carbohydrate modulars) added to breastmilk; VEH.RB.ZZ is the best available parent category covering hands-on clinical management within the breastfeeding behaviour domain, but it is substantially broader than this granular SNOMED concept.
1163383008 (Management of modular lipid formula component in breastmilk)maps to wider conceptVEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)As with the carbohydrate modular concept, ICHI has no code for managing lipid-specific formula components in breastmilk; VEH.RB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category covering practical clinical support of breastfeeding, but it is far broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
1163386000 (Management of modular plant fiber formula component in breastmilk)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no concept for breastmilk fortification or specific formula supplementation; PZA.DA.ZZ (administering nutritional requirements, NEC applied to the whole body) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader as it does not capture the breastmilk context, modular nature, or plant-fiber specificity.
1163385001 (Management of modular protein formula component in breastmilk)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)As with the plant-fiber variant above, ICHI lacks any concept for protein-module supplementation of breastmilk; PZA.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable nutritional administration code, but is significantly wider as it does not encode the breastmilk context or protein-module specificity.
710064008 (Management of nephrostomy care)maps to wider conceptNAA.SN.AD (Management of internal device of kidney)NAA.SN.AD directly encodes management of an internal device within the kidney, which aligns well with ongoing nephrostomy tube care; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers any internal kidney device, not specifically a nephrostomy tube/stoma.
408948002 (Management of prevention of harmful pattern of alcohol use)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VAA (Interventions on alcohol use behaviours)The SNOMED concept is specifically about preventing a harmful pattern of alcohol use (i.e., a targeted clinical management activity), while BlockL4-VAA encompasses the entire range of interventions on alcohol use behaviours — including assessment, counselling, education, advocacy, and policy. No single ICHI category code captures "management of prevention" of harmful alcohol use as a standalone act; the block is the closest reasonable match and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
408940009 (Management of prevention of harmful pattern of tobacco use)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VAB (Interventions on tobacco use behaviours)Parallel reasoning to the alcohol concept above: the SNOMED concept targets prevention of harmful tobacco use specifically, whereas BlockL4-VAB spans all interventions on tobacco use behaviours (assessment, counselling, education, legislation, etc.). No single ICHI category code maps to "management of prevention" of harmful tobacco use, making the block the best available — but broader — match.
28301000 (Manchester-Fothergill operation on uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures)The Manchester-Fothergill operation is a combined procedure involving transvaginal cervical amputation, anterior colporrhaphy, and uterine ligament shortening for uterine prolapse. ICHI lacks a specific code for this named operation; "Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures" (NME.ML.AA) is the broadest fitting category capturing the combined reconstructive intent, but it is wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
437181000124102 (Manganese modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no specific code for a mineral-restricted or manganese-modified therapeutic diet; UAB.DA.ZZ "Food modification" is the nearest available code but is framed as a population/environmental food intervention and covers any food modification, making it broader than the specific clinical dietary intervention described in the SNOMED concept.
71212008 (Manipulation of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptEBC.AE.AA (Exploration of adrenal gland)ICHI has no dedicated "manipulation" action for visceral organs; "Exploration of adrenal gland" (action AE = operative exposure and handling) is the closest available code, but it is broader in that exploration implies a diagnostic or assessment intent whereas manipulation is a non-specific operative intervention on the gland.
84107005 (Manipulation of artery of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptIFA.AE.AA (Exploration of artery of lower limb)"Exploration" (action AE) is the closest ICHI action to a non-specific manipulation of an artery, covering operative exposure and handling of the lower-limb artery; however it carries a broader connotation of diagnostic surgical exposure rather than the unspecified operative manipulation implied by the SNOMED concept.
41122000 (Manipulation of artery of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptICA.AE.AA (Exploration of artery of upper limb)"Exploration" (action AE) is the closest ICHI action for a non-specific manipulation of an artery, covering operative exposure and handling of the upper-limb artery; as with the lower-limb equivalent, exploration carries a broader or more diagnostically oriented connotation than the unspecified manipulation implied by the SNOMED concept.
70947003 (Manipulation of carpal region with application of splint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of wrist joint)MFJ.PA.AH captures the primary therapeutic act (joint manipulation at the wrist/carpal region) but omits the splint application component that is integral to the SNOMED concept; a second ICHI code (MFJ.LC.AH — Application of external immobilisation device of wrist joint) would be needed to fully represent the procedure, making the single ICHI code wider than the combined SNOMED concept.
1351487004 (Manipulation of elbow region)maps to wider conceptMEJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of elbow joint)MEJ.PA.AH precisely covers manipulation of the elbow joint, but the SNOMED concept refers to the broader "elbow region" which may include periarticular soft tissues beyond the joint capsule itself, meaning the ICHI code is slightly narrower in anatomical scope; however it is the best available single code and the joint is the predominant structure in any elbow manipulation.
447855004 (Manipulation of enterostomy stoma)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (an artificial body structure) and is the closest ICHI match for hands-on manipulation of an enterostomy stoma. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because "management" encompasses assessment, adjustment, and other interventions beyond the specific physical act of manipulation.
373641001 (Manipulation of fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI represents fracture manipulation as closed reduction; MRB.LD.AH covers bones of unspecified site, which matches the site-unspecified SNOMED concept "manipulation of fracture." It is slightly wider because "closed reduction" encompasses reduction with external immobilisation, while SNOMED's term also implies manual/non-incisional manipulation.
239572008 (Manipulation of lumbar spine under anesthetic)maps to wider conceptMBM.PA.AH (Manipulation of lumbar spine)MBM.PA.AH precisely captures manipulation of the lumbar spine but does not encode the "under anesthetic" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader, as it encompasses lumbar spine manipulation regardless of whether anaesthesia is used.
79896000 (Manipulation of pericardium)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HFF (Interventions on pericardium)ICHI has no generic "manipulation of pericardium" category; the block BlockL5-HFF groups all pericardial interventions (biopsy, injection, pericardiotomy, release of adhesions, excision, repair) and is broader than the unspecified SNOMED manipulation concept. No single assignable category captures an unspecified manipulation act on the pericardium.
112842004 (Manipulation of skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI organises skin interventions by body region sub-blocks (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) and specific action types, but provides no single assignable category for an unspecified skin manipulation across all body sites. The block BlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin) is the broadest fitting grouping and is wider than the SNOMED concept.
44275008 (Manipulation of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PA.AH (Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has specific manipulation codes for each spinal region (cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar, lumbosacral, sacral); MBZ.PA.AH is the NEC/residual category covering unspecified spine manipulation, broader than the unspecified SNOMED concept since it acts as the catch-all across vertebral sites.
177180006 (Manipulative cephalic vaginal delivery with abnormal presentation of head at delivery without instrument)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI's "Vaginal delivery" covers the delivery outcome but does not capture the manipulative correction of abnormal cephalic presentation; it subsumes all vaginal deliveries regardless of fetal position or manual manoeuvres required, so the closest parent category is wider than the SNOMED concept.
173517006 (Manipulative removal of calculus from parotid duct)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA targets the parotid gland rather than specifically the parotid duct, and does not distinguish between the manipulative (non-invasive, external massage) technique and other extraction approaches, making it broader on both the anatomical and procedural axes.
173527000 (Manipulative removal of calculus from submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AA covers extraction of calculus from any salivary gland or duct and does not specify either the submandibular duct in particular or the manipulative (non-surgical, external pressure) technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both anatomical and procedural axes.
117045007 (Manual cell count method)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)DTA.AC.ZZ covers any test of haematological system function and does not distinguish the manual (microscopic, human-performed) counting method from automated analysers, nor does it specify cell count as the exact parameter; broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies manual cell counting.
785683006 (Manual expression of meibomian gland)maps to wider conceptBAA.JB.AA (Drainage of eyelid)ICHI has no specific code for meibomian gland expression; the meibomian glands are located in the eyelid and manual expression is functionally a form of drainage, but the ICHI code covers the entire eyelid rather than the specific meibomian gland structure.
75067006 (Manual muscle-testing of hand)maps to wider conceptMUB.AE.ZZ (Manual examination of muscle power)MUB.AE.ZZ precisely captures the manual examination technique applied to assess muscle power. However, it is not constrained to the hand — it covers muscle power assessment at any body site — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
69004008 (Manual reduction of closed bimalleolar fracture of ankle)maps to wider conceptMNJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of ankle joint)MNJ.LD.AH correctly captures the closed (non-surgical, manual) reduction at the ankle. The ICHI code is broader because it targets the ankle joint generally and does not distinguish bimalleolar fracture specificity or the bony targets (medial and lateral malleoli) involved.
27875003 (Manual reduction of closed comminuted fracture of elbow with traction)maps to wider conceptMEJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of elbow joint)MEJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction at the elbow, matching the non-surgical manual approach and anatomical location. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the comminuted fracture character, the use of traction as the operative means, or whether the target is a specific bone vs. the joint.
70897000 (Manual reduction of closed dislocation of distal radioulnar joint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of wrist joint)ICHI has no dedicated code for the distal radioulnar joint; MFJ.LD.AH is the closest anatomical match since the distal radioulnar joint is located in the distal forearm/wrist region. It is wider because it encompasses the entire wrist joint complex rather than the specific distal radioulnar articulation.
81337008 (Manual reduction of closed dislocation of shoulder joint with fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the glenohumeral joint dislocation but does not encode the concomitant fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, making it broader than the compound SNOMED concept.
65827008 (Manual reduction of closed dislocation of sternoclavicular joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of shoulder joint)ICHI classifies the sternoclavicular joint within the "joint of shoulder region" target block (MDJ), so MDJ.LD.AH is the most specific available code. It is wider because it encompasses all joints of the shoulder region, not the sternoclavicular joint specifically.
6763008 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of acetabulum)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of pelvis)The acetabulum is part of the pelvic bone; ICHI has no acetabulum-specific reduction code, so MKB.LD.AH (closed reduction of pelvis) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any pelvic bone rather than the acetabulum specifically.
66424002 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of acetabulum and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of pelvis)ICHI has no combined code for closed reduction of pelvis with skeletal traction; MKB.LD.AH captures the primary reduction component but omits the skeletal traction, making it a partial and broader representation of this compound SNOMED procedure.
59395005 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of clavicle)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of shoulder region)ICHI does not have a clavicle-specific closed reduction code; MDB.LD.AH covers all bones of the shoulder region (clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus collectively), making it wider than the clavicle-specific SNOMED concept.
34377000 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of mandible with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AH (Closed reduction of mandibular bone)The ICHI code correctly identifies closed (non-operative) reduction of the mandible, but does not distinguish the use of external fixation as a means; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code.
53144009 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of metatarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe)ICHI does not have a metatarsal-specific closed reduction code; the best available code covers all bones of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the metatarsal.
5273000 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of proximal end of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI groups both radius and ulna under "bone of forearm" with no separate ulna code and no distinction for the proximal end; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both bone identity and fracture location.
13584008 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of scaphoid bone)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of hand or finger)The scaphoid is a carpal bone of the hand, placing it squarely within the ICHI target "bone of hand or finger." ICHI does not distinguish individual carpal bones, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
79171000 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of shoulder region)The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region, matching the ICHI anatomical grouping. However, ICHI does not isolate the scapula from other shoulder region bones (e.g., clavicle), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
21184009 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of shaft of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)The radius is a bone of the forearm, so the ICHI anatomical region is correct. ICHI does not differentiate the radius from the ulna, nor the shaft from other parts, making this code broader on both bone identity and fracture location.
18592001 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of shaft of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)The ulna is a bone of the forearm, and ICHI maps both forearm bones (radius and ulna) to the same code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the ulna from the radius or specify the shaft segment.
9702000 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of tarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe)Tarsal bones are bones of the foot, correctly placing this within the ICHI foot/toe target group. ICHI does not distinguish tarsal bones from metatarsals or phalanges of the foot, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
33546009 (Manual reduction of closed trans-scaphoperilunar fracture dislocation)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of wrist joint)A trans-scaphoperilunar fracture-dislocation is a specific carpal complex injury reduced at the wrist, and ICHI captures the closed (manual) reduction of the wrist joint as a whole. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the specific fracture-dislocation pattern (trans-scaphoperilunar) or the multi-bone involvement.
58599009 (Manual reduction of dislocation of carpometacarpal joint of thumb)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb sits within the ICHI "finger or hand joint" target grouping, and closed reduction by manual means maps to the .LD.AH action/means combination. ICHI is wider because it groups all finger and hand joints together without distinguishing the thumb CMC joint specifically.
443075006 (Manual reduction of dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint with percutaneous skeletal fixation)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)The ICHI code covers manual (closed) reduction of a hand/finger joint, matching the reduction component of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no code that combines reduction with concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation at this joint site; the additional fixation detail is lost.
87655002 (Manual reduction of hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AH (Manual reduction of abdominal wall)ICHI has specific manual reduction codes for inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias, but the SNOMED concept is the generic "manual reduction of hernia" without specifying type; PAL.MK.AH is the broadest ICHI abdominal-wall reduction code and best represents the unspecified hernia, though it is wider than a true hernia-specific match.
59474001 (Manual reduction of open fracture of mandible with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AA (Open reduction of mandibular bone)MAG.LD.AA covers open reduction of the mandibular bone, matching the open (surgical) reduction component of this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not capture the additional specificity of external fixation, making the ICHI code broader.
176550001 (Manual reduction of paraphimosis)maps to wider conceptNGM.LL.AA (Reduction of penis)NGM.LL.AA is the closest available ICHI code and encompasses the act of reducing penile tissue, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically describes manual reduction of paraphimosis; ICHI does not have a dedicated paraphimosis code.
51846004 (Manual replacement of nonobstetric inverted uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.LD.AC (Manual repositioning of inverted uterus)NME.LD.AC precisely matches the manual repositioning technique and the inverted uterus anatomy, but the ICHI code does not restrict scope to nonobstetric (non-puerperal) uterine inversion.
112927003 (Manual rotation of fetal head)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)NMR.LD.AC captures rotation of the fetus as a whole and does not specify that only the head is rotated, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to manual rotation of the fetal head during labour.
225134005 (Marking position of planned stoma site)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Marking the position of a planned stoma site is a preoperative planning activity which aligns most closely with "Individualised planning" under "Interventions on whole person"; however, PZB.TB.ZZ is considerably broader, covering any patient-specific care planning.
64119005 (Marsupialization of cyst of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AA (Drainage of kidney)ICHI has no kidney-cyst-specific marsupialization code; marsupialization creates permanent drainage of the cyst, making NAA.JB.AA the closest functional match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all kidney drainage procedures.
236852006 (Marsupialization of Gartner's duct cyst)maps to wider conceptNMH.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of vagina)Gartner's duct cysts lie within the anterolateral vaginal wall, and marsupialization involves surgically opening the cyst into the vaginal lumen; NMH.JI.AA is the closest ICHI code for surgical intervention on a vaginal wall lesion.
239397006 (Marsupialization of lesion of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)Marsupialization of mandibular cysts involves opening and decompressing a jaw cyst rather than complete enucleation; MAG.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for a targeted surgical intervention on a mandibular lesion.
239376005 (Marsupialization of lesion of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of maxilla)Marsupialization of a maxillary lesion involves decompression and pouch creation rather than complete excision; MAF.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI category for a targeted surgical intervention on the maxilla.
1306796006 (Marsupialization of lesion of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Marsupialization of a skin cyst on the head involves deroofing the cyst to create a permanent opening for drainage rather than full excision, making LAA.JB.AA the most functionally aligned ICHI code.
1306797002 (Marsupialization of lesion of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Marsupialization of a skin lesion of the neck is a specific surgical technique (deroofing/pouch creation) that achieves drainage; LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, broader than the specific procedure.
235460008 (Marsupialization of liver abscess)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AA (Drainage of liver)Marsupialization of a liver abscess is a drainage technique applied to an abscess specifically, but ICHI does not distinguish marsupialization from other forms of drainage; KCA.JB.AA is the closest available code and is broader.
307620003 (Marsupialization of liver cyst)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AA (Drainage of liver)Marsupialization of a liver cyst creates a permanent opening by suturing the cyst wall to surrounding tissue, which is functionally a drainage procedure; ICHI codes drainage of liver generally without distinguishing marsupialization.
87302002 (Marsupialization of nabothian cyst)maps to wider conceptNMF.JB.AA (Drainage of cervix)A nabothian cyst is located on the cervix, and marsupialization of it achieves drainage by opening the cyst; ICHI has no marsupialization-specific or cyst-specific code for the cervix.
80629001 (Marsupialization of ovarian cyst)maps to wider conceptNMA.JB.AA (Open drainage of ovary)Marsupialization of an ovarian cyst is an open surgical procedure that drains the cyst by creating a permanent opening; NMA.JB.AA captures the open approach and drainage nature.
444983008 (Massage using Bowen technique)maps to wider conceptMRS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site)The Bowen technique is a specific form of soft-tissue bodywork/massage; ICHI has no code specific to the Bowen technique. MRS.PC.ZZ is the closest available code but is broader, capturing massage generically.
359655004 (Mastoid and middle ear procedure)maps to wider conceptCZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the ear or mastoid, unspecified)This SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category spanning both mastoid and middle ear procedures without specifying any particular intervention; the best ICHI match is the residual/unspecified code for the entire ear or mastoid chapter.
50445001 (Mastoidectomy)maps to wider conceptCDA.JK.AC (Total mastoidectomy)SNOMED "Mastoidectomy" is a general term covering partial, total, and radical variants, whereas ICHI distinguishes three specific codes; CDA.JK.AC (total mastoidectomy) is the most common default referent for the unqualified term.
237429007 (Mastopexy central pedicle technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for surgical technique variants; the SNOMED concept specifies the central pedicle technique, making the ICHI code broader.
237430002 (Mastopexy free nipple graft technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for technique; the SNOMED concept specifies the free nipple graft variant, making the ICHI code broader.
237427009 (Mastopexy horizontal pedicle technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for technique variants; the SNOMED concept specifies the horizontal pedicle technique, making the ICHI code broader.
237428004 (Mastopexy inferior pedicle technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)LCA.LC.AA encodes mastopexy generically; ICHI does not distinguish between pedicle techniques (inferior, superior, lateral, bipedicle, vertical scar), so the ICHI code is broader.
237431003 (Mastopexy lateralizing technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)LCA.LC.AA is the sole ICHI mastopexy code and covers the procedure regardless of the surgical approach used to lateralize the pedicle, making it broader than this technique-specific concept.
237425001 (Mastopexy superior pedicle technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)ICHI classifies mastopexy as a single undifferentiated category with no codes for pedicle orientation; LCA.LC.AA covers this superior-pedicle variant but is semantically broader.
237426000 (Mastopexy vertical bipedicle technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)The ICHI mastopexy category does not capture the vertical bipedicle approach; LCA.LC.AA is the best available code but is broader than this specific technique-level concept.
237432005 (Mastopexy vertical scar technique)maps to wider conceptLCA.LC.AA (Mastopexy)ICHI has no separate code for the vertical scar (short-scar) mastopexy variant; LCA.LC.AA is the only applicable ICHI code and is broader.
41535000 (Maxillary sinus endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane)maps to wider conceptJAF.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus)ICHI does not distinguish between types of tissue removed (mucous membrane vs. other lesions); endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the maxillary sinus is the closest available code, but it encompasses a broader range of tissue types than mucous membrane specifically.
15774007 (Maxillary sinus endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane and polyps)maps to wider conceptJAF.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus)The combined removal of mucous membrane and polyps endoscopically from the maxillary sinus maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI does not capture the additional specificity of polyp removal alongside the mucous membrane, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
282435000 (Maxillectomy)maps to wider conceptMAF.JK.AA (Total excision of maxilla)The unqualified SNOMED concept "maxillectomy" can refer to both partial and total procedures, whereas the ICHI code specifies total excision; total excision is the primary clinical meaning of "maxillectomy," making this the best available match with slight breadth mismatch.
72194003 (Mazzotti reaction test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)The Mazzotti test is a specific pharmacological provocation test for onchocerciasis using diethylcarbamazine, but ICHI has no code for this specific test or for drug-provocation tests generally; PZA.AC.ZZ is the residual provocation test code on the whole body, which is broader than this specific diagnostic challenge procedure.
359886007 (McBride operation)maps to wider conceptMOB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of foot or toe)The McBride operation for hallux valgus involves a combination of metatarsal osteotomy, medial capsulorrhaphy, sesamoidectomy, and adductor tendon transfer, none of which are individually represented in ICHI as a combined procedure; MOB.FA.AA captures the dominant surgical component but is broader than the full McBride procedure.
444277001 (Measurement of arterial closing pressure)maps to wider conceptIZA.AB.AF (Intravascular pressure measurement of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.AB.AF captures intravascular pressure measurement of an unspecified artery, which is the closest available ICHI concept; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the "closing pressure" haemodynamic parameter, which is a more precise physiological measurement than a generic arterial pressure reading.
443420006 (Measurement of disaccharidase activity of intestine)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for disaccharidase (lactase/sucrase/maltase) enzyme activity testing; the best available code covers any unspecified test of digestive system function, which is broader than the specific enzyme-activity assay performed on intestinal tissue.
166020003 (Measurement of double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no specific code for dsDNA antibody detection or ELISA methodology; the best fit is the generic immunological system function test, which is substantially broader than this highly specific SLE autoantibody assay.
54983001 (Measurement of girth)maps to wider conceptPZX.AB.AH (Measurement of a body part, not elsewhere classified)Girth measurement (abdominal or limb circumference) is a specific type of body part measurement, but no ICHI code exists for circumference/girth specifically; PZX.AB.AH accommodates any body part not specifically classified and is the closest broad match.
8243008 (Measurement of interstitial fluid pressure)maps to wider conceptMRM.AI.AE (Compartment pressure monitoring)Interstitial fluid pressure measurement is clinically performed as compartment pressure monitoring, making MRM.AI.AE the best available match; however the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses compartment pressure monitoring generically (any muscle compartment).
83827002 (Measurement of intrauterine pressure)maps to wider conceptNME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)Intrauterine pressure measurement is performed clinically to monitor uterine contractions during labour, and NME.AI.AH is the closest match within the uterus interventions block; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all delivery monitoring (which may include fetal heart rate, etc.).
771315000 (Measurement of periodontal pocket depth)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no dedicated code for periodontal pocket depth probing; the gum block contains only therapeutic interventions, so the best available match is the broader "Dental examination" which encompasses clinical assessment of tooth-supporting structures including periodontal probing.
55605003 (Measurement of platelet antibody)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)Platelet antibody testing (HPA antibody detection for ITP/NAIT workup) is fundamentally an immunological assay; DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions broadly, making it the best available match, though it is considerably broader than the specific platelet-directed antibody analyte.
439927007 (Measurement of rectal sensation and rectal tone and rectal compliance)maps to wider conceptKBX.AB.AC (Anorectal manometry)Anorectal manometry is the standard procedure used to measure rectal sensation, tone, and compliance, so KBX.AB.AC is the correct procedural home; however, the ICHI code covers the full anorectal manometry study (which also includes anal sphincter pressures and rectoanal inhibitory reflex), making it broader.
70443007 (Measurement of renal clearance)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Renal clearance (e.g. creatinine clearance, GFR) quantifies the kidney's filtration capacity, which is a specific form of urinary excretory function measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code capturing functional renal measurement, but it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements.
441915005 (Measurement of renal function)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Measurement of renal function is a broad clinical concept covering filtration, clearance, concentration, and excretory capacity; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI functional assessment code, but it is scoped specifically to excretory/urination functions and thus does not fully encompass all dimensions of renal function.
447973002 (Measurement of temperature using forehead thermometer)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ETG.AB.ZZ encodes measurement of body temperature generically (within the thermoregulatory functions block) without specifying the site or instrument; the SNOMED concept is more specific (forehead/temporal artery thermometer), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
448093005 (Measurement of temperature using tympanic thermometer)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ICHI covers measurement of body temperature in general without specifying the instrument or site; the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating the tympanic (infrared ear) route, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
104142005 (Measurement of total hemoglobin concentration in plasma specimen)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI captures measurement of haematological system functions in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is highly specific — measuring free (plasma) hemoglobin as a hemolysis indicator in a plasma specimen; the ICHI code is substantially broader and no more specific code exists.
29027004 (Measuring intake)maps to wider conceptSMG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of fluid intake)ICHI's code specifically targets fluid intake (drinking/fluids), while the SNOMED concept "Measuring intake" in nursing context encompasses both fluid and food intake; the ICHI code is the closest available match and the primary clinical intent of "measuring intake" in fluid balance monitoring aligns with fluid intake measurement.
225191000 (Measuring stoma aperture)maps to wider conceptPTB.AA.ZZ (Enterostomy assessment)PTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of an enterostomy (colostomy/ileostomy) as an artificial body structure, which encompasses measuring the stoma aperture, but is broader as it covers any type of enterostomy assessment activity beyond just size measurement.
34215003 (Meat inspection for bacterial culture)maps to wider conceptUAB.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning food safety and security)ICHI has no code specific to meat inspection or microbiological testing of food; UAB.VC.ZZ is the closest available code covering public health surveillance of food safety, which subsumes food-borne pathogen culture testing as one of many surveillance activities.
12700007 (Meat inspection for toxicology)maps to wider conceptUAB.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning food safety and security)As with bacterial culture meat inspection, ICHI has no code for toxicological testing of meat; UAB.VC.ZZ (public health surveillance on food safety) is the broadest applicable code but covers far more than toxicological meat testing.
721215004 (Meatal advancement and glanuloplasty incorporated hypospadias repair)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)MAGPI is a distal hypospadias repair technique combining urethral meatal advancement with glanuloplasty, and NAM.ML.AA captures the primary surgical component; however, the ICHI code does not encode the simultaneous glanuloplasty or the hypospadias indication, making it broader.
75126003 (Mechanical fragility RBC)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)The mechanical fragility RBC test is a laboratory test assessing red cell membrane integrity under mechanical stress, which falls within tests of haematological system functions; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but covers any haematological function test, making it much broader than this specific red cell fragility assay.
39243005 (Mechanical fragmentation of cataract with extraction by posterior route)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for posterior-route cataract extraction specifically; BBF.JK.AA is the closest category-level match, capturing the extraction component but lacking the specificity of the posterior route or the mechanical fragmentation step.
74490003 (Mechanical fragmentation of primary membranous cataract)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI has no code specifically for primary membranous cataracts; the lens block contains no fragmentation-of-cataract code distinct from BBF.GA.AA which applies to secondary membranes. BBF.JK.AA is the broadest applicable match for a primary cataract removal procedure.
177798003 (Mechanical open pleurodesis)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AA (Pleurodesis)JCA.GA.AA covers pleurodesis in general; the ICHI block also includes thoracoscopic and percutaneous-agent variants, but there is no dedicated code for open mechanical pleurodesis, so JCA.GA.AA is the best available broader match.
243141005 (Mechanically assisted spontaneous ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for ventilatory support within the respiratory function block; ICHI does not distinguish mechanically assisted spontaneous modes (CPAP, BiPAP, pressure-support) from fully controlled artificial ventilation.
19056003 (Medial fasciotomy with annular ligament of finger resection)maps to wider conceptMGL.FB.AA (Division of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.FB.AA covers division of ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, encompassing the fasciotomy and annular ligament resection components, but it does not specify the medial approach or the combined nature of the procedure.
52536006 (Mediastinal tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)JBA.LI.AA represents tracheostomy in general without specifying the mediastinal (transcervico-mediastinal) approach that defines the SNOMED concept, making it broader.
1217395007 (Mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy with ventilation of lung)maps to wider conceptJCG.AE.AB (Mediastinoscopy)The SNOMED concept combines mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, and lung ventilation; the closest ICHI match captures only the mediastinoscopy component, omitting the thoracoscopic and ventilation aspects.
781087000 (Medical care)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)"Medical care" is a high-level, undifferentiated concept; the closest ICHI code is the residual unspecified health management encounter, which is intentionally broad.
24882007 (Medical consultation on hospital inpatient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not distinguish consultation setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) at the code level, so the unspecified health management encounter is the closest available code; the inpatient hospital specificity is lost.
48550003 (Medical consultation on nursing facility inpatient)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no code for a consultation in a specific care setting (nursing facility); PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest concept but lacks specification of facility type, inpatient status, or consultation nature.
16817006 (Medical service audit)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)A medical service audit is a structured review of clinical service quality; UEP.AA.ZZ covers any form of assessment of health services/systems/policies and is broader than a criterion-based audit.
410345004 (Medical/dental care case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)Case coordination covers management and coordination of care for an individual; the ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to medical/dental settings and does not capture the administrative planning dimension of case management.
409071009 (Medication administration during home visit)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)UAC.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category for administering medication, but it is broader as it covers any context of providing medications and does not specify the home-visit setting.
396074002 (Medication administration education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, encompassing but not restricted to the administration aspect specified in the SNOMED concept.
386355002 (Medication administration: intradermal)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AE covers injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue generally, not specific to the intradermal route; the only intradermal-specific code (LZZ.AC.AE) is restricted to skin testing.
386356001 (Medication administration: intramuscular)maps to wider conceptMRM.DB.AE (Injection into muscle of unspecified site)MRM.DB.AE captures intramuscular injection but does not encode the substance being administered (medication), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically about drug delivery.
386357005 (Medication administration: intraosseous)maps to wider conceptDGA.DB.AE (Injection into bone marrow)DGA.DB.AE represents injection into bone marrow (the intraosseous cavity), the anatomical target of the intraosseous route; it does not specify that the injected substance is a medication.
406188003 (Medication administration: intrathecal)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)The intrathecal (subarachnoid) space lies within the spinal canal; ABG.DB.AE captures the correct anatomical target but covers all spinal canal injections (epidural, intrathecal, subdural).
406172003 (Medication administration: nasal)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Intranasal delivery is a per-orifice route; PZA.DB.AC covers all orifice-based routes (oral, rectal, urethral, nasal, aural) so is broader than the nasal-specific SNOMED concept.
386360003 (Medication administration: rectal)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Rectal administration (suppositories, enemas) is a per-orifice route; the ICHI code encompasses all orifice routes rather than being specific to the rectal route.
386362006 (Medication administration: subcutaneous)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)Subcutaneous injection is a percutaneous route; PZA.DB.AE also encompasses other percutaneous methods (intradermal, intramuscular) and is therefore broader than the subcutaneous-specific concept.
386363001 (Medication administration: vaginal)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)PZA.DB.AC covers pharmacotherapy delivered via any orifice, capturing the vaginal route but broader; no ICHI code uses vaginal as a distinct means axis value for drug administration.
223418001 (Medication efficacy education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications generally; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting education about efficacy. ICHI does not have a code specific to medication efficacy education.
223419009 (Medication failure risk education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ is the best match for medication education broadly; the SNOMED concept is narrower in focusing on the risk of medication failure, which ICHI does not distinguish.
698603008 (Medication interaction education)maps to wider conceptVAD.PM.ZZ (Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours)VAD.PM.ZZ covers education directed at pharmaceutical use behaviours broadly, encompassing but not limited to education about drug interactions specifically.
396075001 (Medication monitoring education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, which encompasses monitoring-focused education as a subset; the ICHI code does not distinguish sub-types of medication education.
396077009 (Medication prefill education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any patient education about medications, but does not capture the specific focus on prefilling (preparation of dose-organised containers).
396076000 (Medication prefill preparation assessment)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment in the medications domain broadly; it does not narrow to assessment of a patient's ability to perform prefill preparation.
410347007 (Medication set-up case management)maps to wider conceptUAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)"Medication set-up case management" describes an organised, coordinated approach to establishing a patient's medication regimen — a service-delivery activity targeting medications — which maps best to UAC.RG.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any service provision around medications, not specifically the set-up or case-management dimension.
410266009 (Medication set-up education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)The SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling about medication set-up; UAC.PM.ZZ captures the core educational component but does not specifically encode the guidance/counselling or the set-up context, making it a reasonable but broader match.
1344982006 (Medication side effect care)maps to wider conceptUAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)ICHI has no code specifically for managing or caring for medication side/adverse effects; UAC.RG.ZZ is the closest available code as it represents service provision in relation to medications. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the adverse-effect/side-effect specificity entirely.
1344984007 (Medication side effect case management)maps to wider conceptUAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)There is no ICHI code for case-managing medication side effects specifically; UAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications) is the broadest applicable code. The ICHI code lacks both the adverse-effect focus and the case-management coordination aspect.
396080005 (Medication side effect education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ is a direct match on the education-about-medications axis, but the ICHI code covers education about medications in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about side effects; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
1142128007 (Medium chain triglyceride modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)"Food modification" in the "Interventions on food" block is the closest available ICHI concept, covering any change to the composition or nature of food consumed. It is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a therapeutically prescribed diet with a particular macronutrient profile (MCT-enriched).
713061001 (Mellow Bumps Program)maps to wider conceptNUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)Mellow Bumps is a structured group-based antenatal psychoeducation and mindfulness programme targeting pregnant women's emotional wellbeing and parent-infant attachment; the closest ICHI code covers education about pregnancy functions broadly, but does not capture the psychological/mindfulness or group-format dimensions of the intervention.
408899008 (Memory loss care)maps to wider conceptAUB.RB.ZZ (Practical support with memory)"Practical support with memory" sits within the "Interventions on memory functions" block and represents structured supportive care aimed at compensating for or managing memory impairment, which aligns well with the intent of memory loss care; it is slightly broader in that it does not distinguish the clinical context (e.g. dementia, acquired amnesia) implied by the SNOMED concept.
408902006 (Memory loss care assessment)maps to wider conceptAUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of memory)AUB.AA.ZZ directly covers assessment of memory functions, which aligns well with "memory loss care assessment." The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers memory assessment generally (not restricted to a care context for memory loss), but it is the most precise available match under the dedicated "Interventions on memory functions" block.
391212000 (Mental health addiction programs - 1-3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptVA1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours)The SNOMED concept denotes a low-contact-frequency addiction program across substance types; ICHI has no code encoding program intensity or contact frequency, and VA1.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest catch-all under the substance-related and addictive behaviours block, making it wider than the specific service tier.
391206005 (Mental health addiction programs - 24 hour intensive)maps to wider conceptVA1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours)The SNOMED concept specifies an intensive 24-hour addiction program (equivalent to inpatient/residential intensity), a care-setting distinction that ICHI does not encode; VA1.ZZ.ZZ covers unspecified substance-related interventions but loses the 24-hour intensive nature entirely.
391205009 (Mental health addiction programs - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptVA1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours)The SNOMED concept specifies a 24-hour non-intensive addiction program (residential but lower-acuity), another care-setting distinction absent from ICHI; VA1.ZZ.ZZ covers the intervention domain but is broader, omitting the residential and non-intensive qualifiers.
391210008 (Mental health addiction programs - 3-5 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptVA1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours)The SNOMED concept denotes a high-frequency outpatient addiction program (3-5 contacts/week, equivalent to intensive outpatient level); ICHI encodes the substance-related intervention domain but not contact frequency or program intensity.
391213005 (Mental health addiction programs - <1 contact/month)maps to wider conceptVA1.ZZ.ZZ (Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours)The SNOMED concept denotes a very low-contact-frequency addiction program (maintenance or monitoring tier at fewer than monthly contacts); ICHI has no mechanism to encode contact frequency, so VA1.ZZ.ZZ captures the intervention type but is broader than this specific service intensity level.
391281002 (Mental health assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly and is the closest ICHI match to a generic "mental health assessment." The ICHI code is wider because it is framed around mental functions (a body-function target axis) and does not specifically restrict to the clinical mental health context implied by the SNOMED concept.
410223002 (Mental health care assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)"Mental health care assessment" refers to evaluating a patient's mental health care needs, which maps most closely to AS1.AA.ZZ as the generic assessment of mental functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish a care-needs assessment from a clinical function assessment, and the "care" dimension (service planning) is not captured.
410225009 (Mental health care management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)"Mental health care management" is a care coordination activity focused on organising and managing a patient's mental health care across services, which maps closely to ICHI's "Case coordination" — a whole-person intervention covering coordination of care activities. The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to mental health and covers case coordination in any health domain.
391049004 (Mental health crisis resolution - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptATF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with global psychosocial functions)ICHI has no concept of crisis resolution services or care-setting intensity; the closest assignable code captures the practical support component of psychosocial crisis care, but is far broader, omitting the crisis context, 24-hour delivery model, and non-intensive specification entirely.
391056005 (Mental health crisis resolution - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptATF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with global psychosocial functions)ICHI cannot represent the crisis resolution service model or the daily intensive frequency; the practical support code captures only the broad psychosocial support action without any of the crisis, frequency, or intensity dimensions.
391133003 (Mental health crisis resolution - Full day: day care)maps to wider conceptATF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with global psychosocial functions)ICHI contains no day care or partial hospitalisation programme concepts; the psychosocial practical support code is the broadest reasonable approximation, but loses the crisis resolution framing and the full-day structured day care setting entirely.
391055009 (Mental health crisis resolution - Part day: day care)maps to wider conceptATF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with global psychosocial functions)As with the full-day variant, ICHI has no part-day or day care programme codes; the psychosocial practical support code provides only a coarse approximation, omitting the crisis context and the partial-day structured attendance model.
391257009 (Mental health functional therapies - 1-2 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptATF.PH.ZZ (Training of global psychosocial functions)"Functional therapies" in mental health (occupational therapy, skills training, functional rehabilitation) maps most closely to ICHI's training of global psychosocial functions, but ICHI cannot encode the contact frequency of 1-2 sessions per week, and the target domain may span multiple ATF codes in practice.
391260002 (Mental health functional therapies - 1-3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptATF.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions)ICHI captures the functional/psychosocial rehabilitation nature of these therapies under global psychosocial functions, but has no mechanism to encode the contact frequency of 1-3 per month. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering the intervention type without the scheduling specificity.
391253008 (Mental health functional therapies - 24 hr not intensive)maps to wider conceptATF.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions)The 24-hour non-intensive residential or day-programme qualifier specifies a care setting and intensity level that ICHI does not encode; the underlying intervention — structured psychosocial functional therapy — maps to assisted exercise for global psychosocial functions, making the ICHI code broader.
391256000 (Mental health functional therapies - 3-5 contacts/wk)maps to wider conceptATF.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions)ICHI represents the psychosocial functional rehabilitation content of the intervention but cannot capture the high-frequency contact schedule of 3-5 times per week, making the mapping wider in equivalence.
391261003 (Mental health functional therapies - <1 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptATF.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions)The very low contact frequency (less than once per month) is a scheduling qualifier not representable in ICHI; the intervention content maps to assisted functional exercise targeting global psychosocial functions, so the ICHI code is broader.
391255001 (Mental health functional therapies - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptATF.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions)The "daily intensive" qualifier denotes a high-intensity programme structure that ICHI does not represent; the therapeutic content — structured functional rehabilitation targeting psychosocial functions — aligns with ATF.PG.ZZ, though the ICHI code is broader by omitting intensity.
391252003 (Mental health functional therapies - Full day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions, unspecified)ICHI's "Training of mental functions, unspecified" covers therapeutic functional intervention targeting mental functions, which is the core activity in a full-day mental health day-care programme. The ICHI code does not capture the day-care delivery setting, the full-day intensity, or the programme-level framing, making it broader.
391254002 (Mental health functional therapies - Part day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions, unspecified)The part-day variant maps to the same ICHI code because ICHI contains no intensity or session-duration axis to distinguish full-day from part-day programmes; the code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
385887004 (Mental health history taking assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified)Clinical history-taking in a mental health context is precisely an interview directed at mental functions, which AS1.AN.ZZ captures well. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it encompasses any interview about mental functions and does not specify the history-taking or assessment framing.
414671002 (Mental health monitoring third letter)maps to wider conceptAS1.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AI.ZZ captures the monitoring of mental functions, which is the clinical purpose of this activity. However, ICHI has no concept for the specific administrative means of delivery (a "third letter" as a written recall/contact mechanism), so the ICHI code is broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
416883000 (Mental health monitoring verbal invitation)maps to wider conceptAS1.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AI.ZZ captures the monitoring of mental functions as the underlying clinical purpose; however, ICHI does not distinguish the modality of patient contact (verbal/telephone invitation to engage with monitoring), making the ICHI code broader.
401061005 (Mental health review)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)A mental health review is most closely represented by assessment of mental functions, which covers structured clinical appraisal of mental status. ICHI has no dedicated "review" action, and the code is broader as it does not imply the periodic or follow-up nature of a review.
763253003 (Mental health risk indicator assessment)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)Assessment of mental functions is the closest ICHI concept, covering structured evaluation of mental status. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for risk stratification or indicator-based risk assessment within mental health, so the code is broader and lacks the specific risk-indicator focus.
391223001 (Mental health support groups staff facilitated - 1-2 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)A staff-facilitated mental health support group is a form of structured psychosocial counselling delivered to a group, making ATF.PP.ZZ the closest match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the group delivery format or the 1-2 contacts/week frequency.
391224007 (Mental health support groups staff facilitated - 1-3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)Identical in nature to 391223001 — a staff-facilitated psychosocial support group — differing only in contact frequency (1-3/month), which ICHI does not encode. ATF.PP.ZZ remains the best fit for the staff-led counselling component.
391225008 (Mental health support groups staff facilitated - <1 contact/month)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)Again a staff-facilitated mental health support group, distinguished only by its very low contact frequency (<1/month), which is not representable in ICHI. ATF.PP.ZZ covers the staff-led counselling on psychosocial functions but is broader in all other respects.
391226009 (Mental health support no facilitation - 1-2 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptATF.RE.ZZ (Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions)A non-facilitated mental health support group is a self-run/peer-led arrangement, aligning well with the ICHI "peer support" action (RE) on global psychosocial functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the group format or the 1-2 contacts/week frequency.
391258004 (Mental health support no facilitation - 1-3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptATF.RE.ZZ (Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions)Same intervention type as 391226009 — a peer-led, non-facilitated mental health support group — differing only in contact frequency (1-3/month). ATF.RE.ZZ captures the peer support on psychosocial functions but is wider as it does not encode group format or frequency.
391259007 (Mental health support no facilitation - <1 contact/month)maps to wider conceptATF.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for global psychosocial functions)The SNOMED concept describes low-intensity mental health support with minimal contact frequency, which falls within the domain of emotional/psychosocial support. ATF.RC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but covers emotional support for global psychosocial functions broadly without encoding the low-contact-frequency specificity of the SNOMED concept.
385893007 (Mental health treatment)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-_LD (Interventions on mental functions)"Mental health treatment" is a broad, undifferentiated concept that encompasses the full range of mental health interventions; no single ICHI category code represents this breadth, making the organizational block for interventions on mental functions the most appropriate match. Any specific ICHI leaf code (e.g. psychotherapy, counselling, practical support) would be narrower than this umbrella SNOMED concept.
410232000 (Mental health treatment assessment)maps to wider conceptAT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes an assessment in the context of mental health treatment, which aligns closely with ICHI's assessment of global mental functions. AT2.AA.ZZ is slightly broader as it is not restricted to a treatment-context assessment, but it is the best available ICHI category for a general mental health assessment.
444271000124100 (Menu selection assistance)maps to wider conceptSMF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with eating)Menu selection assistance is a specific form of practical help provided during the eating activity (helping a person choose what to eat from a menu), which is a subset of practical support with eating. SMF.RB.ZZ captures the practical support dimension but is broader, encompassing all forms of hands-on assistance with eating rather than the specific menu-selection step.
466579201000119109 (Mepolizumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)Mepolizumab is an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection; PZA.DB.AE captures the route of administration (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) but does not encode the specific agent or its indication (eosinophilic asthma/EGPA). The ICHI code is therefore broader, representing any percutaneous pharmacotherapy delivery rather than mepolizumab specifically.
120190003 (Mesentery destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptKMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)The mesentery is a peritoneal fold within the peritoneal cavity, so KMA.GA.AA (destruction of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code, but it covers all peritoneal tissue rather than being specific to the mesentery; ICHI has no dedicated mesentery-specific destruction code.
120181005 (Mesentery endoscopy)maps to wider conceptKMA.AE.AB (Peritoneoscopy)Peritoneoscopy is endoscopic inspection of the peritoneal cavity and directly encompasses endoscopic visualisation of the mesentery, but the ICHI code covers the broader peritoneal cavity rather than the mesentery specifically.
239602000 (Metacarpal transfer)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)MGB.ML.AA covers grafting/reconstruction of bones of the hand including metacarpals, and is the closest ICHI match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all hand and finger bones rather than metacarpals specifically, and "transfer" (vascularised or non-vascularised) maps to the ML reconstruction/graft action.
1340186004 (Metformin therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent, and PZA.DB.AC represents administration of pharmacotherapy via the oral route (per orifice), which is the correct delivery axis for metformin; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent or indication, and ICHI has no diabetes-specific or metformin-specific drug therapy code.
252208003 (Metoclopramide stimulation test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The metoclopramide stimulation test is a dynamic pharmacological provocation test used to assess prolactin secretion (a pituitary/endocrine gland function). ICHI's closest code ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly, but does not specify the prolactin axis, the metoclopramide agent, or the stimulation design, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
31558004 (Metyrapone test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The metyrapone test is a pharmacological challenge test that assesses hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis integrity by blocking cortisol synthesis. ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, capturing assessment of endocrine gland function, but it is a broad functional assessment code that does not specify the adrenal/HPA axis, the metyrapone drug, or the stimulation/suppression paradigm.
234730006 (Micro-abrasion of tooth enamel)maps to wider conceptKAE.JG.AC (Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement)Micro-abrasion of tooth enamel is a technique that removes a superficial layer of enamel using an abrasive agent to treat surface discolouration; KAE.JG.AC (dental scaling, polishing, and debridement) is the closest ICHI code as it covers mechanical surface removal/alteration of tooth substance, but it is broader and primarily targets calculus and plaque rather than enamel micro-abrasion specifically. No dedicated enamel micro-abrasion or tooth surface abrasion code exists in ICHI.
1230132009 (Micro-positioning of subject)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)Micro-positioning refers to precise, fine-scale adjustment of a patient's body position (typically in radiotherapy or imaging contexts), which falls conceptually under body positioning interventions. PZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body) is the best available match, but it is broader and does not capture the precision/micro-scale nature of the intervention.
61594008 (Microbial culture)maps to wider conceptXG79M8 (Culture)XG79M8 "Culture" is the closest ICHI match for the generic concept of microbial culture, sitting within the Essential laboratory tests block. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers culture in general without restricting to microbial/microbiological culture specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to microbial organisms.
104173009 (Microbial culture of sputum)maps to wider conceptXG79M8 (Culture)ICHI has no sputum-specific culture code; "XG79M8 Culture" is the best available match, but it is broader as it does not specify the specimen type (sputum) or the microbial scope. The only sputum-related ICHI code found (XC / JBB.AH.XC) covers specimen collection, not culture.
117027007 (Microbial culture, body fluid)maps to wider conceptXG79M8 (Culture)No body-fluid-specific microbial culture code exists in ICHI; XG79M8 "Culture" is the nearest available code, but is broader as it does not specify the body fluid specimen type or restrict to microbial culture.
16314007 (Microbial smear examination)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)A microbial smear examination is a specific form of microscopic examination applied to a specimen prepared from a microbiological sample (e.g., Gram stain smear, AFB smear). ICHI's XG69Q0 "Microscopy" is the closest available code but is broader, covering all forms of microscopic examination regardless of specimen type or purpose, without specifying the microbiological smear context.
37926009 (Microbial stain method)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)Microbial staining methods (e.g., Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen, India ink) are preparatory and interpretive techniques used in conjunction with microscopy; ICHI has no dedicated staining method code, and XG69Q0 "Microscopy" is the most semantically proximate code available, though it is broader as it covers the microscopic reading step rather than the staining technique itself.
115252004 (Microbiological identification method)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)XG6201 is the best match as it directly represents the identification of microorganisms to genus and species level, which is the core of microbiological identification. However, the SNOMED concept is broader as a method category encompassing identification of viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms beyond just bacteria and fungi.
247214005 (Microdissection and microrepair of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ACA.MK.AA covers open repair of a peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code for microsurgical nerve repair; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the microsurgical (microdissection) technique or approach as a distinct qualifier, making the ICHI code wider than the highly specific SNOMED term.
433454009 (Microdissection of tissue specimen using laser)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)PZX.AH.XH is the best available match as it represents tissue specimen acquisition; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically encodes laser capture microdissection — a precise laboratory technique for isolating cells from a tissue section that ICHI does not model at this level of detail.
448751003 (Microforaminotomy of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)A foraminotomy enlarges the neural foramen to decompress the exiting nerve root, making "Release of spinal nerve root" (ABN.FC.AA) the best functional equivalent; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific approach (microforaminotomy, i.e. minimally invasive/microscope-assisted) or the cervical-level specificity of the SNOMED concept.
246319005 (Microrepair of nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ICHI codes repair of a peripheral nerve as a single open procedure without distinguishing microsurgical technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes microsurgical (micro-scale) nerve repair. No means-axis modifier for microsurgery exists in ICHI to capture the micro-technique specificity.
609313004 (Microscopic cytologic examination cerebrospinal fluid specimen)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)ICHI has no dedicated code for CSF cytology; the best available match is the generic extension code XG4JJ6 "Cytology," which covers cytological examination broadly without specifying the specimen type (CSF) or microscopic technique, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept.
609310001 (Microscopic cytologic examination of semen specimen)maps to wider conceptXG4JJ6 (Cytology)ICHI does not contain a specific code for cytological examination of semen; the generic extension code "Cytology" (XG4JJ6) is the closest available match but covers all cytology regardless of specimen type, making it substantially broader than this semen-specific SNOMED concept.
609299002 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of blood specimen prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)ICHI's "Peripheral blood film examination" (XG06E8) is the closest match for microscopic examination of a blood smear, but it does not specify the Papanicolaou staining technique and is defined in a general sense, making it broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
609101000 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of lymph fluid specimen prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG5FH3 (Papanicolaou smear test)XG5FH3 encodes the Papanicolaou smear test as a generic technique without specifying the source specimen or body site, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically restricted to lymph fluid. No ICHI code exists for Pap-stained cytology of lymphatic fluid.
609036003 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from biliary tract prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG5FH3 (Papanicolaou smear test)XG5FH3 captures the Papanicolaou smear technique generically but does not restrict it to biliary tract specimens; no site-specific biliary cytology-by-Pap code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match.
609062007 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from bone marrow prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG5FH3 (Papanicolaou smear test)XG5FH3 represents the Papanicolaou smear test without anatomical specificity; ICHI bone marrow codes (DGA block) cover biopsy and aspiration for transplant but not cytologic smear examination, so the generic Pap test code is the closest available but is broader than this bone-marrow-specific SNOMED concept.
609039005 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from endocrine gland prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG5FH3 (Papanicolaou smear test)XG5FH3 encodes the Papanicolaou smear test as a generic test type; the endocrine system blocks in ICHI (EAA, EBA) contain only therapeutic and imaging interventions with no cytologic smear examination codes, leaving the generic Pap test as the sole relevant match.
609041006 (Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from integument prepared using Papanicolaou technique)maps to wider conceptXG5FH3 (Papanicolaou smear test)XG5FH3 covers the Papanicolaou smear technique without specifying the integument as the specimen source; the integumentary system blocks in ICHI (LAA series) contain biopsy, excision, and wound-care codes but no cytologic smear examination, so the generic Pap test code is broader than this skin-specific SNOMED concept.
18736003 (Middle ear exploration through ear canal incision)maps to wider conceptCBA.FA.AC (Incision of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)CBA.FA.AC covers incision of the middle ear without specifying means or exploratory purpose; the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the trans-canal route, making the ICHI code broader.
230009 (Miller operation, urethrovesical suspension)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)The Miller operation is a specific eponymous open retropubic urethrovesical suspension, while NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder neck suspension procedures without distinguishing eponymous variants.
12099007 (Millin-Read operation for urethrovesical suspension)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)The Millin-Read operation is another eponymous open urethrovesical suspension, mapping to the same generic ICHI bladder-neck-suspension class.
1186620002 (Minimum minute volume ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)MMV is a specific ventilation mode; ICHI's "Artificial ventilation" is the only assignable code and does not distinguish ventilator modes.
384642005 (Mitral valvuloplasty)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)Best generic match for surgical valvuloplasty; ICHI is broader as it encompasses all mitral repair techniques, while balloon variants would map to HDF.LG.AF.
229421006 (Mobilization of the coccyx)maps to wider conceptMBZ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)No coccyx-specific mobilisation code in ICHI; MBZ.PB.AH is the NEC residual for vertebral mobilisation and the best available fit.
229358005 (Mobilization of the hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of finger or hand joint)ICHI covers both finger and hand joints, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available code.
1162724005 (Modified egg diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for egg-specific dietary modification.
1162726007 (Modified fruit diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for fruit-specific dietary modification.
1162720001 (Modified grain diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for grain-specific dietary modification.
1162722009 (Modified protein food diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for protein-specific dietary modification.
1162721002 (Modified vegetable diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)Best available prescriptive eating-behaviour code; broader, with no ICHI code for vegetable-based diet regimes specifically.
274481008 (Mold removal)maps to wider conceptUBL.VL.ZZ (Environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air)Mold removal is a form of indoor environmental remediation; the ICHI code is broader, covering all indoor-air remediation actions.
725404004 (Molecular breast imaging)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging of breast)MBI uses a gamma camera with technetium-labelled tracer (a nuclear imaging modality of the breast); the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all nuclear breast imaging modalities.
437191000124104 (Molybdenum modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)Closest available concept; ICHI has no code for trace-element-specific dietary modification.
713119005 (Monitoring confusion)maps to wider conceptATC.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of awareness and alertness functions)Confusion is a disturbance of awareness and alertness; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing the full awareness/alertness function spectrum.
713118002 (Monitoring mechanical heart support device)maps to wider conceptHBZ.SN.AA (Management of ventricular assist device)Closest available code; "management" encompasses more than monitoring alone, and the target spans all ventricular assist device variants.
707202005 (Monitoring of blood loss per vagina)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)Most contextually relevant code covering pregnancy-related functional monitoring; broader, with no dedicated code for vaginal blood loss specifically.
771555004 (Monitoring of continuous bladder irrigation)maps to wider conceptNAI.JA.AC (Irrigation of urinary bladder)ICHI codes the irrigation procedure itself but has no separate monitoring-of-irrigation code; the available code is broader, encompassing the entire procedure rather than its monitoring component.
707204006 (Monitoring of discharge per vagina)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)No ICHI code exists specifically for monitoring vaginal discharge (e.g., lochia, liquor); NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all functions related to pregnancy and is the closest anatomical and clinical context, but is broader than the specific act of observing vaginal discharge.
707203000 (Monitoring of drainage of amniotic fluid per vagina)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)ICHI has no code specifically for monitoring amniotic fluid draining vaginally; the NMM block covers only active drainage procedures on the amniotic sac, not observation. NUE.AI.ZZ is the best available fit as amniotic fluid status is a pregnancy function, but the code is broader.
1156695005 (Monitoring of insomnia)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)ICHI's ATK block does not include a specific monitoring of insomnia code; ATK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and encompasses systematic evaluation of sleep, but is broader than the targeted ongoing monitoring of insomnia specifically.
771554000 (Monitoring of intravenous infusion)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)ICHI has no dedicated code for monitoring an IV infusion in progress; UAC.AA.ZZ broadly covers evaluating a medication/therapeutic agent — but is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about ongoing surveillance of an active intravenous infusion as a care activity.
736164009 (Monitoring of liver function)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)There is no ICHI code specifically for liver function monitoring; KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest match, but it covers all digestive functions rather than being restricted to hepatic function, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
765000002 (Monitoring of smoking cessation therapy)maps to wider conceptVAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of tobacco use behaviours)VAB.AA.ZZ is the systematic assessment of tobacco use behaviours, which is the closest ICHI code to monitoring smoking cessation therapy; however it is wider because it covers general assessment of tobacco use rather than specifically monitoring the progress or response of a cessation therapy programme.
698931001 (Monitoring of stoma output)maps to wider conceptKTK.AM.ZZ (Observation of defaecation functions)ICHI contains no code specific to stoma output monitoring; KTK.AM.ZZ is the nearest functional equivalent since stoma output surveillance is a form of observing bowel elimination, though the ICHI code is wider as it does not reference a stoma and covers defaecation more broadly.
710995003 (Monitoring pain)maps to wider conceptAXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain)AXA.AA.ZZ is the best ICHI match for monitoring pain; however, "assessment" in ICHI implies a structured evaluation rather than ongoing monitoring, and the code covers any pain-related assessment rather than continuous surveillance, making it slightly broader.
710994004 (Monitoring pedal pulse)maps to wider conceptITB.AE.ZZ (Examination of blood vessel functions)Monitoring pedal pulse is a clinical assessment of peripheral arterial perfusion at the foot, which falls within ICHI's blood vessel functions block. ITB.AE.ZZ is broader because it covers examination of any blood vessel function anywhere in the body, not specifically the pedal pulse.
710993005 (Monitoring response to treatment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)Monitoring a patient's overall response to treatment is a non-specific surveillance activity that cuts across all body systems; PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept capturing generic whole-person clinical observation, but it is considerably broader than the specific intent of tracking therapeutic response.
117643001 (Monoclonal band identification)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Monoclonal band identification (via serum/urine protein electrophoresis or immunofixation) is a laboratory test of haematoimmunological function used to detect paraproteins; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest available code covering testing of haematological system functions, but is much broader and does not specify the technique.
134388005 (Monofilament foot sensation test)maps to wider conceptAVE.AC.ZZ (Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli)The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test assesses protective cutaneous sensation in the foot, most commonly for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening. AVE.AC.ZZ covers testing of sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli, making it the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader than the specific monofilament technique applied to the foot.
436871000124106 (Monounsaturated fat modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept covering deliberate alteration of dietary content, sitting under Interventions on food. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies a monounsaturated fat-modified diet; ICHI has no code with that level of lipid-specific nutritional granularity.
386366009 (Mood management)maps to wider conceptAUD.PH.ZZ (Training of emotional functions)Mood management is a therapeutic technique targeting emotional/affective states; AUD.PH.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code under Interventions on emotional functions. It is wider because it encompasses training for any emotional function beyond mood specifically, and ICHI does not distinguish mood regulation as a separate intervention.
274959006 (Morison omentopexy)maps to wider conceptKMA.LC.AA (Omentopexy)KMA.LC.AA directly matches the procedure class — fixation of the omentum to the peritoneum — but is broader because it does not distinguish the Morison (right subhepatic pouch) variant from other omentopexy approaches; no more specific code exists in ICHI.
67095006 (Motility test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)Motility test most commonly refers to gastrointestinal motility assessment, and KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly; however, the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all digestive function assessment rather than motility specifically.
34118006 (Motor testing)maps to wider conceptMVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement)Motor testing in clinical practice primarily assesses voluntary motor control and strength, which aligns most closely with MVD.AC.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider because it is scoped to voluntary movement control specifically, while motor testing as a SNOMED concept can encompass reflex testing and other motor function dimensions.
385935004 (Mouth care assessment)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AE.AC (Oral examination, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.AE.AC covers a clinical oral examination of the oral cavity, which encompasses but is broader than the specific nursing concept of a mouth care assessment; it is the best available ICHI match but is not restricted to a care-needs assessment context.
119867002 (Mouth destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptKAZ.GA.AC (Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering destructive procedures on any mouth structure; KAZ.GA.AC specifically covers destruction of the oral cavity in its NEC residual slot. KAZ.GA.AC is the single best available ICHI landing point for an unspecified mouth destructive procedure.
37113006 (Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)HT2.MC.AH covers full CPR (chest compressions plus rescue breathing), whereas mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is specifically the ventilation component only; no dedicated ICHI code exists for isolated rescue breathing as an emergency resuscitation act.
711036006 (Moving patient using transfer technique with lifting apparatus)maps to wider conceptSHG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with transferring oneself)SHG.RB.ZZ captures a clinician/caregiver providing practical support to transfer a patient, which aligns with the manual handling and transfer assistance concept; however ICHI does not encode the specific detail of a mechanical lifting apparatus, making the ICHI code broader.
1231375003 (Moving subject to sitting on edge of bed from lying down)maps to wider conceptSHA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with changing body position)SHA.RB.ZZ represents practical support provided to a person changing their body position, which aligns with helping a patient move from lying to sitting at the edge of the bed. ICHI does not encode the specific positional transition, making the ICHI code broader.
439083005 (MRI guided ablation of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of kidney tissue, the correct approach axis for an MRI-guided ablation. ICHI lacks a specific means code for MRI guidance in destruction/ablation, so the imaging modality specificity of the SNOMED concept is not represented.
438529005 (MRI guided ablation of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of liver tissue, the correct approach axis for an MRI-guided ablation. ICHI has no specific means code to represent MRI guidance for destructive interventions, so the MRI-specific detail of the SNOMED concept is lost.
725839008 (MRI guided ablation of uterine fibroid)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)ICHI's closest code covers destruction of the uterus and supporting structures in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is a targeted MRI-guided ablation of a discrete fibroid. The ICHI code is broader in both target and means.
774046009 (MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast without incision)HIFU ablation of a breast lesion is a non-incisional destructive intervention targeting the breast, aligning closely with this code; however, the ICHI code does not capture MRI guidance or the specific ultrasound-based thermal mechanism.
774012008 (MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)This is the most generic prostate destruction code available in ICHI; route-specific subtypes do not apply to MRI-guided HIFU, and the ICHI code additionally encompasses the seminal vesicle and omits MRI guidance, making it broader.
1340187008 (MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of subthalamus)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)ICHI has no subthalamus-specific target code; the subthalamus is a brain structure, so the generic brain destruction code is the best available match, but it is substantially broader and does not specify MRI guidance or focused ultrasound modality.
782657007 (MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of thalamus)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)ICHI has no thalamus-specific destruction code; this generic brain destruction code is the best available match, but is broader — the specific anatomical target, MRI guidance, and HIFU technique are all absent from the ICHI representation.
1333993003 (MRI guided insertion of marker into bilateral breasts)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the breast target accurately, but it does not specify MRI guidance, the marker as the device type, or the bilateral nature of the procedure; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept.
709650008 (MRI guided localization of lesion of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of breast)LCA.BA.BH captures MRI of the breast, which is the imaging modality used for the localization procedure, but it does not encode the purposeful localization/marking of a specific lesion; the ICHI code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept.
1357767006 (MRI guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion, which is the core procedure, but it does not specify the cryoablation technique (cold thermal energy) or MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept.
1359928004 (MRI guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion but does not distinguish the microwave energy modality from other ablative techniques, nor does it capture MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader.
1356871008 (MRI guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion but does not specify the radiofrequency energy modality or MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept.
443232007 (MRI of brain of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures)ICHI covers MRI of all fetal structures collectively, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the brain as the target organ; the ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing any fetal structure rather than being restricted to the fetal brain.
609223006 (MRI of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of breast)The ICHI code covers MRI of the breast in general without specifying the clinical indication of cancer screening; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it denotes a screening context for malignant neoplasm, so the ICHI code is broader.
432846005 (MRI of cardiac ventricular volume)maps to wider conceptHZZ.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of heart, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code represents MRI of the heart generally and does not capture the specific functional measurement of ventricular volume (a cardiac function assessment); the SNOMED concept is more specific in both anatomical target (ventricle) and purpose (volume quantification), making the ICHI code broader.
470755001 (MRI of fetal cardiovascular system)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures)NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal structures in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies the cardiovascular system specifically. No ICHI code exists that targets the fetal heart or cardiovascular system by MRI; the closest dedicated fetal imaging code is the broader "fetal structures" entry.
241612008 (MRI of larynx)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated MRI code for the larynx — the larynx imaging block contains only x-ray, CT, and ultrasound entries, with no MRI code present. PAB.BA.BH (MRI of head or neck) is the closest available code and encompasses the anatomical region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
450825001 (MRI of multiple pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures)ICHI has no code specific to multiple pregnancy imaging; NMR.BA.BH (MRI of fetal structures) is the best match as it covers MRI of the contents of a pregnancy, but it does not capture the multiplicity aspect or differentiate by the number of fetuses.
241610000 (MRI of nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck)The nasopharynx imaging block contains only x-ray and contrast radiogram codes, with no MRI entry. PAB.BA.BH (MRI of head or neck) is the nearest available code covering the anatomical region, though it is broader than the nasopharynx-specific SNOMED concept.
241628003 (MRI of ovary)maps to wider conceptMKB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified)The ovary block contains no imaging codes at all. MKB.BA.BH (MRI of pelvis, NEC) is the closest anatomically appropriate MRI code since the ovaries are pelvic structures, but it is broader than the ovary-specific SNOMED concept.
241609005 (MRI of paranasal sinuses)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck)ICHI has no MRI code specifically for paranasal sinuses; the imaging block for paranasal sinuses contains only X-ray, CT, and ultrasound codes. PAB.BA.BH covers MRI of the entire head or neck region, which is broader than the sinuses alone.
443079000 (MRI of spine of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures)NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal structures in general, which correctly captures both the fetal subject and MRI modality, but does not specify the spine as the target; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
241631002 (MRI pelvimetry)maps to wider conceptMKB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified)Pelvimetry is MRI measurement of pelvic dimensions specifically for obstetric assessment, while MKB.BA.BH covers any MRI of the bony pelvis without specifying the obstetric measurement purpose; the ICHI code is broader in scope.
234688001 (Mucogingival graft)maps to wider conceptKAG.ML.AC (Gingivoplasty)Gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) is the closest ICHI code covering plastic/reconstructive surgery of the gingiva, and a mucogingival graft is a specific type of soft-tissue graft used to augment the gingiva. ICHI's gingivoplasty code is broader as it covers the full range of gingival reshaping procedures, not just graft-based augmentation.
13785006 (Mucogingival surgery, per quadrant)maps to wider conceptKAG.ML.AC (Gingivoplasty)Mucogingival surgery encompasses a range of soft-tissue procedures around the gingival margin, of which gingivoplasty (gingival reconstruction/reshaping) is the closest available ICHI concept. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the per-quadrant qualifier or the full spectrum of mucogingival techniques.
172389006 (Mucosal graft to conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI does not have a specific code for mucous membrane grafting to the conjunctiva; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the closest available code covering surgical restoration of the conjunctiva. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all conjunctival repair approaches, not specifically mucosal graft transplantation.
359813005 (MUG test)maps to wider conceptHTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)MUGA (Multi-Gated Acquisition) is a radionuclide scan specifically measuring cardiac ejection fraction and ventricular wall motion; HTB.BA.BE captures this nuclear cardiac function imaging concept under the heart functions block. ICHI is slightly broader as it covers any cardiac output scan method, not exclusively radionuclide/equilibrium blood pool techniques.
720585001 (Multi-agency case management review meeting)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is the closest ICHI concept, covering the coordination of care across providers for an individual patient. ICHI is broader because it encompasses the full ongoing coordination function rather than the specific activity of a multi-agency review meeting.
700431008 (Multidisciplinary assessment of care needs)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" is the best available ICHI match — it is a whole-person assessment and aligns with evaluating care needs comprehensively. ICHI is broader because it does not specify multidisciplinary involvement or a focus specifically on care needs as opposed to overall health status.
384682003 (Multidisciplinary care conference)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is the closest match as a whole-person, collaboration-oriented intervention; a multidisciplinary care conference is a specific instance of coordinating care across a team. ICHI is broader as it encompasses all case coordination activities, not specifically the conference/meeting format.
408423009 (Multidisciplinary team falls assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI contains no code for a falls-specific or multidisciplinary team assessment; fall-related codes are limited to gait and balance exercises (rehabilitation). "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the broadest applicable assessment code under "Interventions on whole person," but is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on fall risk.
404221001 (Multiple gated acquisition scanning)maps to wider conceptHTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for MUGA/equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (gated blood pool scanning). "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified" (HTB.BA.BE) is the closest match, as it sits under heart function imaging and covers radionuclide-based cardiac scan techniques, but is broader and does not specify the gated acquisition/radionuclide methodology.
233570006 (Multiple periods of cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptPSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)ICHI has a single code for cardiopulmonary bypass (PSA.DD.AF) with no mechanism to encode repetition or multiplicity of bypass runs within the classification itself. The SNOMED concept's specificity around "multiple periods" is lost, making the ICHI code broader; however, it is the correct and only applicable code for this procedure.
231623009 (Muscle graft into levator palpebrae muscle)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI does not have a code specific to grafting into the levator palpebrae superioris (an eyelid muscle used in ptosis repair); the best available code is BAA.ML.AA "Reconstruction of eyelid," which covers the surgical reconstruction of eyelid structures but is broader than the specific muscle graft technique described in SNOMED.
264985009 (Muscle transfer at elbow)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no elbow-specific muscle transfer code — the elbow section covers only bone, cartilage, and joint interventions — so the only available muscle transfer code is MRM.LJ.AA at unspecified site, which is broader than the elbow-specific SNOMED concept.
63780003 (Muscle-testing by bicycle dynamometer)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)A bicycle dynamometer (ergometer) specifically measures muscle power output during cycling; ICHI's "Test of muscle power" covers this functional domain but is broader, not specifying the instrument or cycling modality. The means axis .ZZ reflects that no specific instrument code exists for a dynamometer in ICHI.
18000007 (Muscle-testing with torque curves during isometric and isokinetic exercise)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)Isokinetic/isometric torque curve testing is a specific biomechanical method of muscle power assessment (typically with devices such as a Biodex); ICHI's "Test of muscle power" is the best functional match but lacks specificity for the torque measurement method or the isokinetic/isometric distinction.
408870003 (Musculoskeletal care assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)SNOMED's "musculoskeletal care assessment" is a broad clinical assessment of the musculoskeletal system, which maps well to ICHI's residual "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified"; ICHI is slightly broader in that it does not carry the "care" context, but this is the closest assignable category code.
373195007 (Musculoskeletal debridement)maps to wider conceptMRM.JG.AA (Debridement of muscle of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept covers debridement across all musculoskeletal structures (bone, joint, tendon, muscle, soft tissue), whereas the best assignable ICHI code is scoped to muscle of unspecified site only. No single ICHI code aggregates musculoskeletal debridement across all tissue types.
112705001 (Musculoskeletal system amputation)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JN.AA (Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)This ICHI code explicitly captures amputation of a musculoskeletal system structure as an NEC residual category, making it a strong conceptual match to the SNOMED concept. It is technically wider because it uses the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier implying it catches cases not covered by site-specific amputation codes, while the SNOMED concept is a general category-level term for any musculoskeletal amputation.
363213008 (Musculoskeletal system measurement of physiology/function)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's closest system-level assessment code covers the full musculoskeletal system NEC, which is broader than a measurement specifically of physiology or function; more specific measurement codes exist but each covers only one sub-domain rather than the full system.
363215001 (Musculoskeletal system physical examination)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly, which encompasses physical examination, but "assessment" in ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on physical examination (clinical inspection/palpation). It is the closest available code within the musculoskeletal system assessment axis.
228569000 (Music exercise)maps to wider conceptXG2BX7 (Music therapy)ICHI's "Music therapy" is the closest code, but it is broader — music therapy is a structured therapeutic discipline, while "music exercise" in SNOMED denotes a specific activity-based intervention using music (e.g., rhythmic movement or singing as an exercise modality), which is a component of but not equivalent to music therapy as a whole.
10929006 (Myectomy for graft)maps to wider conceptMRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.JJ.AA captures the core action (excision of muscle, open approach) but does not encode the specific purpose of graft harvesting; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly designates the excision as being performed to obtain a muscle graft.
404939002 (Myofascial release)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no code specifically for myofascial release; the closest available code is release of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is semantically broader as it encompasses any soft tissue (not just the musculofascial complex) and does not imply the manual therapy technique characteristic of myofascial release.
73536002 (Myotomy of colon)maps to wider conceptMRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)ICHI has no site-specific myotomy code for the colon — the colon block (KBP) contains no incision/myotomy entry — so the best match is the generic myotomy of unspecified site, which is broader as it does not specify the colon as the target organ.
26978009 (Myotomy of intestine)maps to wider conceptMRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)ICHI has no myotomy code for intestine (neither the small nor large intestine blocks contain a myotomy entry), so the generic myotomy of unspecified site is the best available match, which is broader as it does not identify the intestine as the target.
397926008 (Myringotomy and drainage of middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBB.FA.AC (Myringotomy)ICHI "Myringotomy" (CBB.FA.AC) covers the incision of the tympanic membrane but does not explicitly encode the drainage of the middle ear component; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code, making ICHI wider.
1142127002 (N-3 fatty acid modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ "Food modification" is the closest ICHI match, sitting within the "Interventions on food" block, but it broadly covers any food/diet modification rather than specifically prescribing an omega-3 (N-3 fatty acid) enriched diet. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, making the ICHI code wider.
252257000 (N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The BTPABA (bentiromide) test is a specific oral provocation test of exocrine pancreatic chymotrypsin activity and intestinal absorption, which ICHI does not represent at that level of specificity. KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering all digestive function assessments rather than this particular chemical/functional test.
245541002 (Nail operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAG (Interventions on skin appendages)ICHI has no single block grouping all nail operations together — nail interventions are split between BlockL5-LBD (nail of finger) and BlockL5-LBF (nail of toe), both under BlockL4-LAG. The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all nail procedures, making the parent block the closest ICHI equivalent, though it also covers non-nail appendages such as hair.
307271005 (Nasal cautery)maps to wider conceptJAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)Nasal cautery is a specific technique (thermal or chemical destruction) applied to intranasal tissue, which maps closely to "Destruction of intranasal lesion." The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all destruction methods and targets any intranasal lesion, whereas nasal cautery can also be used for epistaxis control without a discrete lesion.
42213007 (Nasal chondrotomy)maps to wider conceptJAA.FA.AA (Incision of nose)Chondrotomy is an incision into cartilage, and nasal chondrotomy specifically incises nasal cartilage (septal or alar); ICHI lacks a dedicated nasal cartilage incision code, so "Incision of nose" is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any nasal incision, not specifically one targeting cartilaginous structures.
315312002 (Nasal columella lengthening operation)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)Columella lengthening is a reconstructive plastic surgery procedure on the nasal columella, which falls under nose reconstruction in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all nasal reconstruction procedures, not specifically columella lengthening.
445212008 (Nasal potential difference test)maps to wider conceptJAA.AB.AC (Nasal function study)The nasal potential difference test is an electrophysiological measurement of ion transport across nasal mucosa (used in cystic fibrosis workup), which constitutes a nasal function assessment; "Nasal function study" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it covers any nasal functional assessment rather than this specific electrophysiological test.
373657001 (Nasal sinus procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAE (Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category for any nasal sinus procedure, and the ICHI block "Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified" covers the same anatomical scope but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category. No single assignable ICHI code captures the full breadth of the SNOMED grouper.
229312009 (Nasal ventilation therapy)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC covers artificial ventilation broadly, including invasive and non-invasive modes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes nasal (non-invasive) ventilation therapy (e.g., CPAP, BiPAP via nasal mask); ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the nasal route, making this the closest available code but broader in scope.
119715008 (Nasopharynx destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAM (Interventions on nasal pharynx)ICHI has no specific destruction/ablation code for the nasopharynx — the JAM block contains 13 children covering excision, reconstruction, biopsy, suctioning, and foreign body removal, but no destruction (GA action) code. The block "Interventions on nasal pharynx" is the best available fit at a higher level of abstraction.
119704003 (Nasopharynx excision)maps to wider conceptJAM.JJ.AC (Partial excision of nasal pharynx)SNOMED "Nasopharynx excision" is a generic excision concept covering any degree of removal; JAM.JJ.AC (partial excision) is selected as the most representative code since partial excision is the most commonly performed type, making the SNOMED concept slightly broader than any single ICHI code.
119703009 (Nasopharynx incision)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAM (Interventions on nasal pharynx)ICHI has no incision (FA action) code for the nasopharynx — the entire JAM block contains no incision procedure, unlike the trachea block which has JBA.FA.AA. The block "Interventions on nasal pharynx" is the only assignable structural anchor available.
119719002 (Nasopharynx manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAM (Interventions on nasal pharynx)ICHI does not contain a manipulation (LD action) code for the nasopharynx; the manipulation action axis in ICHI is primarily applied to joints and intestines, not the upper airway. The nasopharynx block is the best available anatomical anchor for this concept.
232679009 (Nasotracheal intubation)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)ICHI has no separate code for nasotracheal (nasal-route) intubation versus orotracheal intubation — JBA.DL.AC covers insertion of an endotracheal tube regardless of approach; the nasal route specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured.
91097001 (Neuromuscular procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ACA (Interventions on peripheral nervous system)"Neuromuscular procedure" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept with no direct assignable ICHI category equivalent. The peripheral nervous system block (BlockL4-ACA) is the closest structural match, but it is broader and a block code rather than an assignable leaf category.
359901001 (Neuroplasty and transposition of median nerve at carpal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.LJ.AA (Transposition of peripheral nerve)This SNOMED concept describes a combined neuroplasty (repair/release) and transposition of the median nerve at the wrist; ICHI's ACA.LJ.AA captures the transposition component (the more defining surgical step), but the code is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve transposition without specificity to the median nerve or carpal tunnel site.
39647001 (Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of brachial plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty (surgical repair/reconstruction of a nerve) aligns closely with "Repair of peripheral nerve" in ICHI; however, the ICHI code covers any peripheral nerve and does not specify the brachial plexus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept — the anatomical site can be added via an ICHI extension code (XA22K9 for brachial plexus).
40362001 (Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of leg)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)"Neuroplasty" maps to "Repair of peripheral nerve" (ACA.MK.AA) as the operative action is nerve repair/reconstruction; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the lower limb anatomical location, which would need to be conveyed via an extension code.
36007006 (Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of lumbar plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)As with the other neuroplasty concepts, "Repair of peripheral nerve" (ACA.MK.AA) is the best ICHI match for neuroplasty; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the lumbar plexus specificity, which would require the extension code XA1E79 for the lumbar plexus.
10431008 (Neuroplasty of median nerve at carpal tunnel)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel (carpal tunnel release/decompression) is a release procedure on a peripheral nerve, which ACA.FC.AA captures precisely at the action level. ICHI does not distinguish by specific nerve identity (median) or anatomical site (carpal tunnel), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
81649000 (Neuroplasty of old injury)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty of an old injury involves reconstructive repair of a previously damaged peripheral nerve; ACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve) is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all peripheral nerve repairs without specifying chronicity ("old injury") or the mechanism of the original damage.
71907001 (Neuroplasty of ulnar nerve at elbow)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (cubital tunnel release/ulnar nerve decompression) is a nerve release procedure, matching the action axis (FC = release) and target axis (ACA = peripheral nerve) of ACA.FC.AA. ICHI is broader because it does not specify the nerve (ulnar) or anatomical location (elbow/cubital tunnel).
30420006 (Neuroplasty of ulnar nerve at wrist)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty of the ulnar nerve at the wrist (Guyon's canal release) is a release of a peripheral nerve, captured by ACA.FC.AA. As with the elbow variant, ICHI is broader because it does not differentiate by specific nerve identity (ulnar) or anatomical site (wrist/Guyon's canal).
73164003 (Neurorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Neurorrhaphy (suturing/anastomosis of a severed nerve) is a form of peripheral nerve repair; ACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve) is the best available ICHI code. ACA.MK.AA is broader as it encompasses all nerve repair types without specifying the suture technique, and does not restrict to a specific nerve or location.
185892004 (New patient screening first letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)The SNOMED concept describes a specific administrative act — sending a first written invitation to a new patient for screening — which ICHI does not represent at that granularity. VDB.VB.ZZ is the closest available code, covering population-level awareness-raising to promote screening uptake, making it broader than the individual-letter-based outreach described in SNOMED.
185893009 (New patient screening second letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)A second screening invitation letter is a follow-up individual outreach act with no ICHI equivalent at that specificity; VDB.VB.ZZ is again the best available code representing the broader intent of encouraging screening participation, without capturing the sequential or communication-modality detail.
185896001 (New patient screening telephone invitation)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)Inviting a new patient to screening by telephone is an individual-level outreach act not represented in ICHI's classification; VDB.VB.ZZ is the closest code capturing the intent of promoting screening behaviour, but does not differentiate by communication channel or individual versus population level.
185894003 (New patient screening third letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)A third written screening invitation is a final-reminder administrative act; ICHI has no code for sequential invitation letters or individual-level written outreach, so VDB.VB.ZZ represents the broader goal of influencing screening behaviour without the sequential or modality specificity.
185895002 (New patient screening verbal invitation)maps to wider conceptVDB.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours)A verbal (face-to-face or spoken) invitation to screening is an individual-level communication act not captured at that granularity in ICHI; VDB.VB.ZZ is the best available code representing the overarching intent of promoting screening uptake, but is broader than a specific verbal invitation encounter.
422678005 (Newborn activity of daily living needs assessment)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)The ICHI code covers assessment of self-care activities broadly (the closest functional equivalent to ADL assessment in ICHI), but does not specify the newborn/neonatal population or the "needs assessment" framing that makes this SNOMED concept distinct. ICHI has no age-specific or neonatal qualifier for this code.
423276007 (Newborn admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI's general health assessment of the whole person is the best available match for a newborn admission assessment, but it is broader — covering any age and any assessment context, not specifically an admission encounter for a neonate. No more specific neonatal admission assessment code exists in ICHI.
9153009 (Newborn care service)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)"Newborn care service" describes an overall care encounter rather than a specific assessment or procedure, and the closest ICHI concept is the general health management encounter for the whole person; ICHI carries no neonatal-specific care service code, making this a broad approximate match.
423589000 (Newborn continuous physical assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)Continuous physical assessment of a newborn is best captured in ICHI by "Observation of whole person," which reflects the ongoing, monitoring nature of the intervention, but the code is wider because it is not specific to neonates or to the continuous/repeated character of the assessment.
52000000 (Nicola operation for recurrent dislocation of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDL.LC.AA (Stabilisation of shoulder)The Nicola operation is a specific open procedure (biceps tendon transfer through the humeral head to stabilise the glenohumeral joint for recurrent anterior dislocation), and MDL.LC.AA "Stabilisation of shoulder" is the best ICHI match capturing the functional intent; however, the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any shoulder stabilisation technique and does not specify the tendon transfer approach or the recurrent dislocation indication.
151159008 (Nicotine replacement therapy)maps to wider conceptVAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription related to tobacco use)ICHI does not have a specific code for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a pharmacological intervention; VAB.TI.ZZ covers all prescriptions related to tobacco use behaviours, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of NRT delivery. No code for administering or providing nicotine replacement products specifically exists in the ICHI tobacco use block.
238323009 (Night-time intermittent peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE is the only peritoneal dialysis code in ICHI and does not distinguish between subtypes (intermittent vs continuous, nocturnal vs daytime), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies night-time intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD).
34281000175105 (Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC for "Artificial ventilation" is the closest category covering mechanical respiratory support, though it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies continuous positive airway pressure applied nocturnally; ICHI has no separate CPAP-specific code.
1231768001 (Nocturnal home hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis in general; the SNOMED concept specifies nocturnal and home-based hemodialysis, which are more granular attributes (setting and schedule) not captured in the ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
225413008 (Nominal observation)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)"Nominal observation" is a mental health nursing term for a low-intensity, non-continuous watch of a patient, which aligns most closely with general observation of the whole person; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify level of intensity or mental health setting.
363238003 (Non operative procedure on respiratory tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-JAA (Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech)No single assignable ICHI category covers all non-operative respiratory tract procedures; the block BlockL3-JAA encompasses the full range of respiratory interventions (operative and non-operative), making it broader. Assigning a block code is appropriate here as the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper.
1303736002 (Non-emergency transportation request)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ represents the act of physically transporting a person, which is the closest match; however, the SNOMED concept is a request/administrative act and specifically non-emergency, neither of which is encoded in the ICHI code, making it broader.
447837008 (Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's only codeable ventilation intervention covers all forms of artificial ventilation (invasive and non-invasive), making it broader than NIPPV specifically. The "Bilevel positive airway pressure" entry in the linearization is a device/means extension value with no assignable procedure code.
1366508007 (Non-invasive ventilation titration)maps to wider conceptJTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of respiration function)NIV titration is the process of measuring and adjusting ventilator pressure parameters to achieve optimal respiratory support, which maps most closely to measurement of respiration function; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any respiratory measurement, not specifically ventilator setting optimisation.
118491005 (Non-local anesthesia procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PZA (Interventions on comprehensive or unspecified topography)"Non-local anaesthesia" is a SNOMED grouper concept spanning general anaesthesia (PZA.DC.AC, PZA.DC.AF) and regional nerve blocks (various ACA/ABG/ABN DC codes); no single ICHI category covers this scope, so the parent block is the best fit.
363239006 (Non-operative procedure on auditory system)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-CT2 (Interventions on ear functions)"Non-operative procedure on auditory system" is a SNOMED grouper for non-surgical ear interventions; ICHI's ear functions block (CT2) groups hearing assessment, audiometry, vestibular testing, and other non-surgical ear interventions, making it the best structural match even though it is a non-assignable block code.
427054008 (Non-rigid stabilization of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for non-rigid/dynamic spinal stabilization (the interspinous stabilisation device entry in the database is missing its code); MBZ.DN.AA captures the core act of implanting a device into the spine but does not distinguish rigid fusion from non-rigid stabilization, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
713443004 (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent therapy)maps to wider conceptAXA.DB.AC (Oral or enteral medication for pain)ICHI contains no NSAID-specific or anti-inflammatory-specific code; AXA.DB.AC is the closest functional match because NSAIDs are predominantly given orally for pain, but the code covers any oral pain medication regardless of drug class.
34390007 (Nonexcisional debridement of burn)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JG.AH captures non-incisional (non-excisional) debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with the nonexcisional approach, but does not specify that the wound is a burn, and its NEC/residual nature makes it broader than the SNOMED concept.
709186008 (Noninvasive abdominal fetal electrocardiography)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)ICHI has no code specifically for fetal ECG or abdominal fetal electrocardiography; NMR.AA.ZZ (assessment of fetal/embryonic structure, means unspecified) is the closest fit within the fetal interventions block, but it is far broader, covering all forms of fetal assessment without specifying the electrocardiographic modality or abdominal route.
54211003 (Nonmagnetic extraction of foreign body from lens without extraction of lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens)BBF.JD.AA precisely matches the procedure site (lens) and action (removal of foreign body), but it does not encode the nonmagnetic technique or the qualifier that the lens itself is preserved, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
50553006 (Nonmechanical method of resuscitation)maps to wider conceptMC (Resuscitation)ICHI's MC code covers resuscitation in general; the only more specific assignable code is HT2.MC.AH (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), which presupposes a specific technique, whereas MC is the broadest resuscitation category and best represents the nonmechanical/general concept, albeit without encoding the "nonmechanical" qualifier.
387673001 (Nonstress test)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)A nonstress test is a specific antepartum procedure that monitors fetal heart rate response to fetal movement using external electronic fetal monitoring; ICHI has no dedicated code for this and NMR.AA.ZZ (assessment of fetal or embryonic structure) is the closest available concept, but it is broader — covering all forms of fetal assessment rather than this particular non-invasive heart rate test.
229449004 (Nonsurgical manipulation of carpal bone)maps to wider conceptMFJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of wrist joint)ICHI has no code specifically for manipulation of a carpal bone; the closest anatomical match is manipulation of the wrist joint (MFJ.PA.AH), which encompasses the carpal region but is coded at the joint level rather than targeting an individual carpal bone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229439002 (Nonsurgical manipulation of upper limb)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has specific manipulation codes for individual upper limb joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/finger) but no single code grouping all upper limb joint manipulations; MRJ.PA.AH (unspecified site) is the broadest available manipulation of joint code, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which at minimum specifies the upper limb region.
363243005 (Nonsurgical manipulation procedure)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any nonsurgical manipulation regardless of body part, while ICHI's broadest assignable manipulation code (MRJ.PA.AH) is restricted to joint manipulation of an unspecified site; it is the most general available manipulation category code in ICHI but does not cover all body-part manipulations.
104834006 (Norepinephrine, challenge tests)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for norepinephrine challenge testing (nor for any catecholamine or autonomic provocation tests); PZA.AC.ZZ is the closest available code, covering the general concept of a provocation/challenge test applied to the whole body, but it is far broader than the specific norepinephrine challenge test described in the SNOMED concept.
177184002 (Normal delivery procedure)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)A "normal delivery" is by definition a spontaneous vaginal delivery, which aligns closely with NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery); however, the ICHI code encompasses all vaginal deliveries including assisted vaginal deliveries (forceps, vacuum), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically implies an uncomplicated, spontaneous birth.
27032005 (Nose and throat examination)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has JAA.AE.AD (Rhinoscopy) for nose examination and separate codes under the oral pharynx block for throat, but no combined nose-and-throat examination code. PZX.AE.AH covers physical inspection of any body site and is broader than the specific combined SNOMED concept, making it the best available approximation.
287398005 (Nose incised - drainage)maps to wider conceptJAA.FA.AA (Incision of nose)JAA.FA.AA describes incision of the nose as a general procedure, which encompasses the incision-for-drainage technique implied by the SNOMED concept, but does not specify drainage as the purpose. ICHI has no dedicated "incision and drainage of nose" composite code, making this the closest available match at a broader level of specificity.
170531007 (Notification of legionella)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI does not have a code for statutory notification of a specific disease; UBC.VC.ZZ covers the broader population-level public health surveillance activity that statutory notifiable disease reporting (including legionella) is a component of. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of population surveillance, not just notification of a single pathogen.
170520004 (Notification of malaria)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI has no code for statutory disease notification of malaria specifically; UBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance) is the closest representable concept, but it is broader, covering all population surveillance activities rather than the single act of notifying authorities of a malaria case.
170521000 (Notification of measles)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)There is no ICHI code for notifiable disease reporting of measles; UBC.VC.ZZ represents the encompassing population public health surveillance activity of which statutory measles notification is a specific instance, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
170533005 (Notification of mumps)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI does not represent disease-specific statutory notification; UBC.VC.ZZ is the best available code representing the overarching population surveillance framework within which mumps notification falls, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
170522007 (Notification of ophthalmia neonatorum)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)Ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis, a notifiable condition in many jurisdictions) has no corresponding ICHI notification code; UBC.VC.ZZ is the broadest applicable category covering population surveillance activities, making it wider relative to this specific statutory reporting act.
170532000 (Notification of rubella)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI has no code for statutory notification of a specific notifiable disease; UBC.VC.ZZ is the closest structural fit, covering population-level public health surveillance activity, but it is far broader — it does not capture the individual case-report act, the specific disease (rubella), or the statutory/mandatory nature of the notification.
170523002 (Notification of scarlet fever)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI contains no code for notifiable disease reporting of scarlet fever (or any named disease); UBC.VC.ZZ is the broadest applicable category but encompasses far more than a single statutory case notification.
170524008 (Notification of tetanus)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI does not include a code for mandatory notification of tetanus; UBC.VC.ZZ covers the general domain of public health surveillance but is population-oriented and disease-agnostic, making it wider than this specific disease-reporting act.
170525009 (Notification of tuberculosis)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)No ICHI code exists for statutory TB case notification; UBC.VC.ZZ is the nearest conceptual domain (public health surveillance) but is a population-level intervention category that is substantially broader than a clinician filing a single notifiable disease report for tuberculosis.
170526005 (Notification of whooping cough)maps to wider conceptUBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance)ICHI has no code for notifiable disease reporting of whooping cough (pertussis); UBC.VC.ZZ represents the closest available domain but is a population-level surveillance category that does not capture the individual, disease-specific, legally-mandated notification act encoded in this SNOMED concept.
34677009 (Novobiocin susceptibility test)maps to wider conceptXG50T0 (Antimicrobial susceptibility testing)XG50T0 covers antimicrobial susceptibility testing in general, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a novobiocin susceptibility test — a single-agent disk diffusion test used mainly to differentiate Staphylococcus species. ICHI has no code at the level of a specific antibiotic agent, making this a broader match.
414880004 (Nuchal ultrasound scan)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to nuchal translucency or nuchal imaging; NMR.BA.BJ (ultrasound of fetal structure, NEC) is the closest available code as the nuchal region is a fetal structure imaged during first-trimester screening. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any non-specified fetal ultrasound rather than the specific nuchal site.
69371006 (Nurse and patient conference)maps to wider conceptPZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person)PZB.AN.ZZ describes a structured interview/discussion with a patient at the whole-person level, which encompasses the communicative encounter between a nurse and patient; however, it is broader because it is not restricted to nursing professionals and covers any such interview encounter regardless of the initiating clinician.
21742008 (Nursing care management session)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI concept to a structured nursing care management session, capturing the organising and coordinating role around a patient's care, but it is broader in that it is not nurse-specific and encompasses care coordination by any professional.
410349005 (Nursing care/supplementary case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) captures the case management function described by this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is not role-specific (not limited to nursing) and does not distinguish supplementary from primary case management, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
410170008 (Nutrition care assessment)maps to wider conceptUAB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of food)UAB.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, covering assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which partially captures the evaluative intent of a nutrition care assessment. However, the ICHI code is situated in a public-health/environmental frame rather than the individual clinical nutrition assessment captured by the SNOMED concept.
51131000119102 (Nutrition therapy for hypertension)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)ICHI has no code combining nutritional therapy with hypertension; "Advising about eating behaviours" is the closest clinical match, capturing the dietetic/advisory action, but is broader because it does not specify hypertension as the indication and frames the intervention as advice rather than structured therapy.
445331000124105 (Nutrition-related laboratory result interpretation education)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)ICHI has no code for education specifically about interpreting laboratory results in a nutritional context; metabolic lab results fall under general metabolic functions, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all education about metabolic functions, not specifically lab result interpretation.
445291000124103 (Nutrition-related skill education)maps to wider conceptSMF.PM.ZZ (Education about eating)ICHI has no code explicitly for education on nutrition-related skills (meal planning, label reading, cooking); "Education about eating" is the closest match, but is broader because it does not capture the skill-acquisition framing or the full range of nutrition-related competencies.
310243009 (Nutritional assessment)maps to wider conceptVEA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eating behaviours)ICHI lacks a dedicated "nutritional assessment" code; "Assessment of eating behaviours" is the best fit, as nutritional assessment centres on dietary intake and eating patterns, but is broader — full nutritional assessment also encompasses anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical signs that go beyond eating behaviour alone.
386374005 (Nutritional monitoring)maps to wider conceptKTN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of weight maintenance functions)ICHI has no specific nutritional monitoring code; "Assessment of weight maintenance functions" is the closest equivalent because nutritional status monitoring is operationalised through weight tracking, but is broader — it focuses on weight maintenance as a digestive system function rather than the multi-parameter longitudinal surveillance implied.
450503001 (Obliteration of aneurysm of cerebral artery)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AA captures surgical (open) occlusion of an intracranial artery, aligning with cerebral artery aneurysm obliteration; however, it is broader because it covers occlusion of any intracranial artery for any reason, not specifically aneurysm obliteration, and does not distinguish the means (clipping vs. other).
450504007 (Obliteration of aneurysm of circle of Willis)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)The circle of Willis is composed of intracranial arteries, so IAA.LA.AA is the appropriate target-axis match; ICHI does not separately classify the circle of Willis and the code is broader than aneurysm-specific obliteration.
259771008 (Obliteration of cerebrospinal fistula)maps to wider conceptAAC.MK.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges)ICHI has no specific code for closure or obliteration of a cerebrospinal (CSF) fistula; repair of cerebral meninges is the broadest anatomically relevant code, as CSF fistulae typically involve a meningeal defect, but it covers all meningeal repairs and does not specify a fistula.
359981003 (Obliteration of cul-de-sac)maps to wider conceptKMA.MK.AA (Repair of peritoneum)The cul-de-sac (pouch of Douglas) is a peritoneal fold and its obliteration involves surgical closure of a peritoneal space, broadly captured under repair of peritoneum; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to this anatomical location or to the obliteration procedure itself.
32579002 (Obliteration of lacrimal canaliculi)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)ICHI has no code specific to the canaliculus, so the best match is destruction of the lacrimal apparatus, which is broader — it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus rather than just the canaliculi specifically. Obliteration implies permanent destruction rather than temporary occlusion, making GA the better action axis match.
82262008 (Obliteration of lacrimal punctum)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)Lacrimal punctum exists only as extension target codes in ICHI, not as an independently addressable target; the nearest assignable code is destruction of the lacrimal apparatus, which is wider than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the punctum.
232204005 (Obliteration of posterior semicircular canal)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)ICHI has no code specific to the posterior semicircular canal or to canal plugging/obliteration; the closest available category is CCA.GA.AC, which encompasses the inner ear as a whole rather than the individual semicircular canal, making it considerably broader.
26417002 (Obliteration of Skene's gland)maps to wider conceptNMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)Skene's glands (paraurethral glands) are not represented as a separate ICHI target; there is no dedicated block or category for paraurethral gland interventions. The closest procedural code is NMI.GA.AA, which subsumes the anatomical region but is far broader in target scope.
232203004 (Obliteration of superior semicircular canal)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)ICHI has no code specific to the semicircular canal or to obliteration as a distinct action on that structure; the closest valid code targets the entire inner ear with a destruction action, which is broader than the SNOMED concept.
710979003 (Observation of altered perception)maps to wider conceptAU2.AM.ZZ (Observation of specific mental functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's perceptual functions block (AUE) has no AM (observation) action code — only assessment, test, training, counselling, and support codes exist there; AU2.AM.ZZ is the closest available code and is broader, as it covers all specific mental functions rather than perception specifically.
225404006 (Observation of behavior)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)ICHI does not have a code specifically for observation of behaviour as a discrete category; PZB.AM.ZZ covers observation of the whole person, which is the broadest clinical observation unit and subsumes behavioural observation.
418090003 (Obstetric Doppler ultrasonography)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of fetal structures broadly and does not specify the Doppler technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically Doppler-based; it is the closest available code in ICHI's fetal imaging block.
386624002 (Obstetrical trachelotomy)maps to wider conceptNMF.FA.AC (Incision of cervix)Trachelotomy (incision of the cervix/neck of uterus) maps precisely to NMF.FA.AC in the cervix uteri block, but ICHI does not encode the obstetrical context, making the ICHI code slightly wider in scope.
108104006 (Obstetrics endoscopy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)ICHI has no single "obstetric endoscopy" category spanning all obstetric endoscopic procedures; individual endoscopic procedures are coded separately across obstetric target blocks (e.g., NME.AE.AD Hysteroscopy, NMM.AE.AE Amnioscopy). The block "Interventions on female genital system" is the broadest ICHI grouping that encompasses these.
120071009 (Obstetrics reconstruction)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)ICHI encodes obstetric reconstruction procedures individually by target structure rather than as a single class (e.g., NME.ML.AA Reconstruction of uterus, NMH.ML.AC Other vaginal reconstruction). No single ICHI code corresponds to the SNOMED grouping "Obstetrics reconstruction," making the parent block the closest representation.
76486003 (Occlusion of bilateral fallopian tubes)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes generally without specifying laterality; the SNOMED concept is explicitly bilateral, which is a narrower specification not encoded in the ICHI title. Laterality could in principle be captured via an ICHI extension code, making the base code wider than the SNOMED concept.
441676000 (Occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using embolization coil)maps to wider conceptHIJ.LA.AA (Occlusion of ductus arteriosus)HIJ.LA.AA matches the target (ductus arteriosus) and the action (occlusion) precisely, but does not specify the means (embolization coil); the SNOMED concept is more granular in encoding the specific technique. The means axis value for embolization coil exists in ICHI as an extension but is not part of the base code, making HIJ.LA.AA broader.
183343000 (Occupational need assessment)maps to wider conceptSU2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)SU2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a structured assessment of a patient's occupational or vocational functioning needs, covering assessment of participation in work and employment broadly. The SNOMED concept may encompass both occupational therapy needs and vocational needs, while the ICHI code is scoped specifically to work and employment participation, making it a wider but reasonable match.
860788002 (Ocrelizumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Ocrelizumab is a specific anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody administered by intravenous infusion for multiple sclerosis; ICHI does not classify individual pharmacological agents and the closest code (PZA.DB.AZ) covers any pharmacotherapy administration without specifying the drug, route, or indication, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
17259005 (Ocular motility study)maps to wider conceptBTF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye)Ocular motility study is a functional assessment of extraocular muscle movement (controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, VI); BTF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of all functions of structures adjoining the eye, which is broader than the specific measurement of ocular motility. No dedicated ocular motility assessment code exists in ICHI.
287251000 (Old nerve injury repair)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)"Old nerve injury repair" refers to surgical repair of a chronically injured (delayed) peripheral nerve; ACA.MK.AA covers repair of peripheral nerve in general without distinguishing acuity or chronicity, making it a broader match.
307557003 (Omental patch repair of perforated pyloric ulcer)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)The SNOMED concept describes a specific surgical repair technique (omental patching) applied to a perforated pyloric ulcer, which is in the stomach/pylorus region; ICHI's "Repair of stomach" covers the general action on the same target but does not capture the omental patch technique, the perforation context, or pyloric specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
78384007 (Omentectomy)maps to wider conceptKMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue)ICHI has no dedicated omentectomy code; the omentum is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest structural match, but it covers excision of any peritoneal tissue and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes removal of the omentum.
446490007 (One stage extracapsular extraction of lens and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens by inferior temporal route)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI does not combine lens extraction and prosthetic lens insertion into a single code, nor does it encode the extracapsular technique or the inferior temporal approach; BBF.JK.AA captures the primary operative action (lens extraction) but is broader, omitting the IOL insertion component and all procedural specificity of the SNOMED concept.
387668007 (One stage orchidopexy)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)NGL.LC.AA maps directly to orchiopexy (surgical fixation of the testis), which is the same procedure as orchidopexy; the SNOMED term specifies "one stage," a staging distinction that ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is marginally broader, but the core clinical content is an excellent match.
439322008 (Open arteriovenous anastomosis by transposition of basilic vein of upper arm)maps to wider conceptIZA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.LB.AA is the closest ICHI code for an open arteriovenous anastomosis, covering anastomosis of an unspecified artery by open approach, but it does not capture the specific technique (basilic vein transposition), the specific vessels, or the anatomical site (upper arm); the SNOMED concept is therefore considerably more specific than this residual ICHI category.
439349008 (Open arteriovenous anastomosis by transposition of cephalic vein of upper arm)maps to wider conceptIZD.LB.AA (Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for an arteriovenous anastomosis of the upper limb or cephalic vein; IZD.LB.AA covers anastomosis of vein (NEC) and is the closest vascular match, but it is broader — it does not capture the arteriovenous nature, the specific cephalic vein target, or the transposition technique.
33798009 (Open biopsy of endometrium)maps to wider conceptNME.AD.AA (Biopsy of uterus)ICHI does not have a dedicated endometrium-specific biopsy code; NME.AD.AA covers biopsy of the uterus as a whole via an open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the endometrium as the target tissue.
173012006 (Open biopsy of lesion of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.AD.AA (Biopsy of larynx)JAN.AD.AA covers biopsy of the larynx generally via open approach (means axis AA), matching the open surgical route, but the ICHI code does not restrict to a lesion target — it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a lesion as the biopsy focus.
173199003 (Open biopsy of lesion of mediastinum)maps to wider conceptJCG.AD.AA (Mediastinal biopsy)JCG.AD.AA is the unspecified-approach mediastinal biopsy code (means AA = open), contrasting with the explicitly endoscopic (AB) and percutaneous (AE) sibling codes, making it the best fit for an open biopsy; however it does not restrict to a lesion.
171735009 (Open biopsy of lesion of spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.AD.AA (Biopsy of spinal cord)ABA.AD.AA covers open biopsy of the spinal cord (means axis AA = open approach), aligning well with the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not restrict the target to a lesion, making it slightly broader in scope.
735399006 (Open biopsy of nasal sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.AD.AA (Biopsy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)JAE.AD.AA covers open biopsy of the paranasal sinus (means AA = open, contrasting sibling codes for endoscopic and percutaneous), matching the approach and anatomical site well; the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier makes it marginally broader.
56862009 (Open biopsy of sacrococcygeal region)maps to wider conceptMBR.AD.AA (Biopsy of sacral spine)ICHI has no single code for the sacrococcygeal region as a combined anatomical target; MBR.AD.AA covers the sacral spine with an open approach, but the coccygeal component is classified separately under MBU.AD.AA. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers the sacrum alone, whereas the SNOMED concept spans both the sacrum and coccyx together.
176044002 (Open biopsy of ureteric lesion)maps to wider conceptNAE.AD.AA (Biopsy of ureter)NAE.AD.AA uses the open approach (AA) matching the SNOMED "open biopsy," but ICHI targets the ureter as a whole rather than specifically a lesion within it, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies biopsy of a ureteric lesion.
176347000 (Open biopsy of urethral lesion)maps to wider conceptNAM.AD.AA (Biopsy of urethra)NAM.AD.AA uses the open approach (AA) matching the SNOMED "open biopsy," but ICHI addresses the urethra as a whole rather than a specific urethral lesion, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept which targets a lesion.
8863005 (Open biopsy of vertebral body of cervical region)maps to wider conceptMBA.AD.AA (Biopsy of cervical spine)MBA.AD.AA captures an open biopsy (AA = open approach) of the cervical spinal column, matching the region and the procedure type well, but ICHI's target is the cervical spine broadly rather than the vertebral body specifically — the ICHI code could also apply to posterior arch elements, making it marginally broader.
55361002 (Open biopsy of vertebral body of lumbar region)maps to wider conceptMBM.AD.AA (Biopsy of lumbar spine)MBM.AD.AA captures an open biopsy (AA = open approach) of the lumbar spinal column, aligning well with the procedure and region, but ICHI targets the lumbar spine as a whole rather than the vertebral body specifically, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept.
3828003 (Open biopsy of vertebral body of thoracic region)maps to wider conceptMBG.AD.AA (Biopsy of thoracic spine)MBG.AD.AA covers biopsy of the thoracic spine broadly, which encompasses a vertebral body biopsy of the thoracic region, but it does not specify the vertebral body sub-target, making the ICHI code broader.
175922001 (Open deroofing of renal cyst)maps to wider conceptNAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney)ICHI has no specific code for cyst deroofing (unroofing) of the kidney; local excision of a lesion of the kidney (open approach, AA) is the closest structural match, but it covers any focal excision of a kidney lesion, not specifically cyst deroofing.
177018009 (Open destruction of lesion of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.GA.AA (Destruction of ovary)NMA.GA.AA is titled "Destruction of ovary" rather than "destruction of a lesion of the ovary," making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets only a focal lesion; no ICHI code more precisely captures focal/lesion-level ovarian destruction via open approach.
177034007 (Open diagnostic aspiration of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JB.AA (Open drainage of ovary)ICHI does not have a dedicated "aspiration" code for the ovary — the closest open procedure on the ovary is NMA.JB.AA (open drainage), which uses the drainage action via open approach and covers fluid removal from the ovary. The SNOMED concept specifies a diagnostic aspiration (narrower intent), so the ICHI code is broader.
174565002 (Open dilation of anastomosis of common bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LH.AA (Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct)ICHI has no code specifically for dilation of an anastomosis of the common bile duct; KCM.LH.AA is the only open-approach dilatation code for the biliary duct and covers the procedural intent well, but it also implies device insertion and does not distinguish the anastomosis site or the common bile duct specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
174558005 (Open dilation of anastomosis of hepatic duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.LH.AA (Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct)The hepatic duct is part of the biliary duct system and ICHI has no separate target code distinguishing hepatic duct from the broader biliary duct in this context; KCM.LH.AA is the best available open biliary dilatation code, but it is broader as it covers all biliary ducts and also implies device insertion rather than anastomosis dilation specifically.
175098007 (Open division of accessory pathway within heart)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)ICHI has no specific code for surgical division (cutting) of an accessory conduction pathway; HFC.GA.AA covers open ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which is the functionally equivalent procedure class (targeting aberrant conduction pathways such as in WPW), but it is broader as it encompasses all modalities and targets within the conduction system.
231015006 (Open dorsal column neurostimulator electrode procedures)maps to wider conceptABG.DL.AA (Insertion of device into spinal canal)The dorsal column (posterior spinal cord) is accessed via the spinal canal, and ABG.DL.AA covers open insertion of a device into the spinal canal, which aligns with the placement of neurostimulator electrodes at this site; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device insertion into the spinal canal and does not distinguish neurostimulator electrodes specifically.
173511007 (Open extraction of calculus from parotid duct)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA specifies the parotid gland rather than the parotid duct, and uses the open approach (means AA), matching the SNOMED concept closely except that ICHI's target is the gland broadly rather than the duct specifically, making it slightly wider in scope.
173522006 (Open extraction of calculus from submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)ICHI has no submandibular-gland-specific calculus extraction code; KAM.JE.AA covers all major salivary glands or ducts with open approach (means AA), which encompasses the submandibular duct but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
426568003 (Open implantation of cardiac ventricular assist device)maps to wider conceptHBA.DN.AA (Implantation of left ventricular assist device)HBA.DN.AA specifies open implantation of a left ventricular assist device, which is the most common clinical scenario and matches the open approach (means: AA). The SNOMED concept is non-laterality-specific ("cardiac ventricular assist device"), so the ICHI code is somewhat narrower by specifying the left ventricle; however, it is the best single assignable code and can be supplemented with laterality extension codes if needed.
173581002 (Open laser destruction of lesion of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)ICHI codes the action (destruction, GA) and target (oesophagus, KBA) correctly, and the means axis AA denotes open approach, which matches. However, ICHI does not capture the laser instrument specifically within this code, so KBA.GA.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept (which specifies laser as the means of destruction).
450636005 (Open ligation of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)Ligation is a specific technique of fallopian tube occlusion, and the ICHI code covers all open occlusion methods (means axis AA = open approach), making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific ligation technique. No ICHI code distinguishes ligation from other occlusion methods such as clamping or cauterisation.
236250006 (Open operation on male urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAK (Interventions on neck of urinary bladder)The SNOMED concept is a grouping of open operations specifically on the male bladder neck; ICHI's BlockL5-NAK covers all interventions (open, endoscopic, laparoscopic) on the bladder neck without sex specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No single assignable NAK category covers the full range implied by this grouping term.
736798007 (Open operation on outlet of male bladder)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAK (Interventions on neck of urinary bladder)The bladder outlet is anatomically equivalent to the bladder neck, and BlockL5-NAK (Interventions on neck of urinary bladder) is the corresponding ICHI grouping; it is wider because it encompasses all approaches and both sexes, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to open operations on the male outlet.
175094009 (Open operations on conducting system of heart)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HFC (Interventions on conducting system of heart)The ICHI block title "Interventions on conducting system of heart" is a direct terminological match to the SNOMED display; it is wider because it encompasses all approaches (open, percutaneous transluminal, etc.) rather than only open operations, and the SNOMED concept is a grouping rather than a single procedure, so a block-level mapping is appropriate.
173520003 (Open operations on submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI has no code or block specific to the submandibular duct; BlockL5-KAM covers all interventions on salivary glands and their ducts (including codes explicitly referencing salivary duct), making it the closest available match, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (all major salivary glands) and approach (not limited to open).
179371006 (Open partial lateral meniscectomy)maps to wider conceptMMD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of meniscus of knee)MMD.JJ.AA covers partial excision of any knee meniscus (medial or lateral) via open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the lateral meniscus specifically. The open approach (AA) does match, but the absence of lateral specificity means the ICHI code is wider.
173061008 (Open placement of prosthesis in trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)JBA.DN.AC captures open device implantation into the trachea, which aligns with prosthesis placement; however, ICHI does not distinguish a prosthesis from other implantable devices, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a prosthesis via an open approach.
173062001 (Open placement of tracheal stent)maps to wider conceptJBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)JBA.DN.AC is the best available code for open surgical implantation of any device into the trachea; ICHI's only stent-specific tracheal code (JBA.KA.AD) is for endoscopic stent replacement, not open initial placement, so JBA.DN.AC is the appropriate but broader match.
238346006 (Open pleural procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JCA (Interventions on pleura)The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any open pleural procedure without specifying the particular intervention, and no single ICHI category code covers all open pleural procedures; the block BlockL5-JCA (Interventions on pleura) is the best fitting representation at the appropriate level of generality.
307285000 (Open reduction maxillary fracture)maps to wider conceptMAF.LD.AA (Open reduction of maxillary bone)MAF.LD.AA covers open reduction of the maxillary bone, which directly corresponds to the procedure. ICHI does not distinguish between fracture and dislocation subtypes, making the code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fracture.
15559008 (Open reduction of acute closed acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of the shoulder joint region, which encompasses the acromioclavicular joint; ICHI has no more specific code for the AC joint alone, and the fascial graft component and the acute/closed characterisation of the dislocation are not captured.
7876001 (Open reduction of acute closed sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)The sternoclavicular joint is part of the shoulder girdle, and MDJ.LD.AA (open reduction of shoulder joint) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no dedicated sternoclavicular joint code, and the fascial graft and acute/closed dislocation qualifiers are not represented.
13537008 (Open reduction of acute open acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA is the best available ICHI code for open reduction of the acromioclavicular joint, but it is broader as it does not distinguish the AC joint specifically, nor capture the fascial graft or the open-wound nature of the dislocation.
61759004 (Open reduction of acute open sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for a sternoclavicular open reduction, as ICHI has no sternoclavicular-specific reduction code and does not encode the fascial graft or the open-wound dislocation qualifier.
75775006 (Open reduction of chronic closed acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of any shoulder joint, which includes the acromioclavicular joint, but does not capture the specificity of the acromioclavicular location, the chronicity of the dislocation, or the use of a fascial graft. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
38819005 (Open reduction of chronic closed sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)The sternoclavicular joint is part of the shoulder girdle complex and falls within the shoulder joint block in ICHI; MDJ.LD.AA is the closest available code, but it does not distinguish the sternoclavicular joint from other shoulder joints, nor does it capture chronicity or the fascial graft technique, making the ICHI code broader.
69014004 (Open reduction of chronic open acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)As with the closed acromioclavicular variant, MDJ.LD.AA is the best available code for open reduction of the acromioclavicular joint, but it does not reflect the specific joint, the open nature of the original dislocation wound, or the fascial graft augmentation.
90233004 (Open reduction of chronic open sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)The sternoclavicular joint has no dedicated ICHI procedure block; MDJ.LD.AA (open reduction of shoulder joint) is the closest fit encompassing the shoulder girdle, but loses specificity for the sternoclavicular site, wound chronicity, and fascial graft detail.
38711002 (Open reduction of closed clavicular fracture)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of shoulder)The clavicle is a bone of the shoulder region, so MDB.LD.AA is a direct fit for the surgical approach and anatomical region; however, the ICHI code covers any bone of the shoulder (not the clavicle specifically) and does not differentiate closed from open fractures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
17556002 (Open reduction of closed depressed frontal sinus fracture)maps to wider conceptMAA.LD.AA (Open reduction of skull fracture)ICHI has no frontal-sinus-specific or frontal-bone-specific open reduction code; MAA.LD.AA covers skull fracture reduction broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies the frontal sinus as the fracture site.
43493002 (Open reduction of closed scapular fracture, juxta-articular)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of shoulder)The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region and falls within this ICHI code, but the ICHI code covers all bones of the shoulder (including clavicle and humerus) and does not capture the juxta-articular specificity of the SNOMED concept.
608781003 (Open reduction of dislocation of acromioclavicular joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)ICHI does not have a code specific to the acromioclavicular joint; MDJ covers interventions on the joint of the shoulder region as a whole, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the acromioclavicular joint. The open approach (AA) and reduction action (LD) match exactly.
440529009 (Open reduction of dislocation of distal tibiofibular joint with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMNJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of ankle joint)ICHI has no specific code for the distal tibiofibular joint, and the internal fixation component is not captured in the base code (it would require an extension in ICHI); MNJ.LD.AA covers the anatomically adjacent ankle joint region and captures the open reduction, but is broader by omitting the specific joint target and the fixation detail.
49489003 (Open reduction of dislocation of foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of joints of the foot or toe as a combined category, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the foot alone; however, this is the closest available ICHI code and captures the essential clinical content (open reduction of a foot joint).
443417003 (Open reduction of dislocation of knee with external fixation and repair of ligament)maps to wider conceptMMJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of knee joint)The SNOMED concept is a composite procedure specifying open reduction of the knee joint plus external fixation plus ligament repair, but ICHI has no single code that combines all three components; MMJ.LD.AA covers only the open reduction component, making it broader relative to the full SNOMED concept.
443660002 (Open reduction of dislocation of knee with internal fixation and repair of ligament)maps to wider conceptMMJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of knee joint)MMJ.LD.AA correctly identifies the target (knee joint) and the open reduction action, but does not capture the internal fixation component or the concurrent ligament repair; ICHI is therefore broader than this multi-component SNOMED concept.
45885009 (Open reduction of dislocation of wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of wrist joint)MFJ.LD.AA matches the target site (wrist joint) and the open reduction approach precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish a dislocation-specific open reduction from other open reductions of the wrist joint, making it slightly broader.
50099004 (Open reduction of dislocation with external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is site-unspecified, matching ICHI's unspecified-site joint code; however, ICHI does not encode the external fixation component nor restrict the context to dislocation, making it broader.
75986001 (Open reduction of dislocation with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)As with the external fixation variant, the site-unspecified open joint reduction is the best available ICHI match, but the internal fixation and dislocation context are not represented in the ICHI code, making it broader.
608825001 (Open reduction of epiphyseal fracture of phalanx with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LD.AA correctly captures the target (bone of hand or finger, encompassing phalanx) and the open reduction approach, but the epiphyseal fracture specificity and the internal fixation component are absent from the ICHI code, making it broader.
281807006 (Open reduction of fracture dislocation of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI covers open reduction of a joint at any anatomical site, which encompasses the fracture-dislocation scenario without requiring it; the SNOMED concept is more specific (fracture-dislocation, unspecified joint), making the ICHI code broader.
443063001 (Open reduction of fracture of carpal bone)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)Carpal bones are bones of the hand/wrist, so this ICHI code covers the correct anatomical region, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all bones of the hand and fingers rather than specifically the carpal bones.
36939002 (Open reduction of fracture of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers all open reductions of the femur, not just fracture reductions, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a fracture reduction. The procedure approach and anatomical target match precisely.
69257001 (Open reduction of fracture of fibula)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)MNB.LD.AA is wider in two ways: it is not restricted to fracture reductions, and it groups the tibia and fibula together as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the fibula alone.
21570007 (Open reduction of fracture of foot)maps to wider conceptMOB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of foot or toe)MOB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any bone in the foot or toe region (not restricted to fractures), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fracture of the foot. The anatomical scope also extends to toe bones beyond the foot itself.
440573008 (Open reduction of fracture of greater trochanter of femur with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA is the best available match for the open reduction component, but it is considerably broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies the sub-anatomical target (greater trochanter), the pathology (fracture), and a concurrent procedure (internal fixation with a device).
90065005 (Open reduction of fracture of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of hand or finger)MGB.LD.AA matches the open reduction of the hand region well, but is broader as it is not limited to fractures and also includes finger bones beyond the hand proper, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a fracture reduction of the hand.
608813004 (Open reduction of fracture of iliac spine of pelvis with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AA (Open reduction of pelvis)MKB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the pelvis broadly, but the SNOMED concept specifies the iliac spine sub-site and adds internal fixation, neither of which is captured in the ICHI code. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
608776007 (Open reduction of fracture of nasoethmoid complex with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMAB.LD.AA (Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)The nasoethmoid complex (nasal and ethmoid bones) has no dedicated ICHI open reduction code; MAB.LD.AA as the residual "facial bone NEC" category is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the specific nasoethmoid sub-site and the internal fixation component.
608808003 (Open reduction of fracture of pelvic bone with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AA (Open reduction of pelvis)MKB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the pelvis but does not encode the internal fixation component that is explicit in the SNOMED concept. ICHI does not have a combined open-reduction-with-internal-fixation code for the pelvis, so the ICHI code is broader.
47833006 (Open reduction of fracture of radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)The radius is one of the two forearm bones, so MFB.LD.AA (bone of forearm) is broader than the radius-specific SNOMED concept. ICHI does not have a radius-specific open reduction code, making this the best available match within the forearm bone block.
440375002 (Open reduction of fracture of rib)maps to wider conceptMCB.LD.AA (Open reduction of rib or sternum)MCB.LD.AA covers open reduction of rib or sternum, which is broader than the rib-specific SNOMED concept because it also encompasses the sternum. No separate rib-only open reduction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match.
699152002 (Open reduction of fracture of scapula without internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMDB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of shoulder)The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region, so MDB.LD.AA is the best available match; it is broader because it covers all shoulder bones (including clavicle) and does not distinguish by fixation status. The "without internal fixation" qualifier in the SNOMED concept adds specificity that ICHI does not encode at this level.
440555005 (Open reduction of fracture of sesamoid)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)Sesamoid bones are small bones embedded in tendons (most commonly at the base of the hallux or thumb) and do not map to a single anatomical region block in ICHI. Since the SNOMED concept does not specify the location of the sesamoid, MRB.LD.AA (unspecified site) is the most defensible match, though it is considerably broader than the sesamoid-specific procedure.
65061006 (Open reduction of fracture of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)The ICHI code covers both tibia and fibula together, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia alone; all other aspects (open approach, reduction) align exactly.
37142003 (Open reduction of fracture of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)ICHI groups all forearm bones (radius and ulna) under a single code; the SNOMED concept specifies the ulna only, so the ICHI code is broader in both its bone target and the implicit inclusion of the radius.
118468006 (Open reduction of fracture with fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no category that captures both open reduction and the presence of fixation as a combined concept across an unspecified bone site; this residual code matches the open reduction component but is wider because it omits the fixation qualifier and covers any bone site.
20701002 (Open reduction of fracture with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a dedicated cross-body-site code that encodes "open reduction with internal fixation" as a combined procedure; the best available match captures the open reduction action at an unspecified site but does not encode the internal fixation component.
239295000 (Open reduction of fracture without fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated category for open reduction explicitly excluding fixation at an unspecified bone site; the residual code matches the open reduction at unspecified site but is wider because it does not encode the "without fixation" qualifier.
442903009 (Open reduction of intertrochanteric fracture of femur with internal fixation using intramedullary implant, screw, and cerclage wiring)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the femur bone generically, matching the open reduction and the femur target, but it does not capture the specifics of the intertrochanteric location, the intramedullary implant, screw, or cerclage wiring — all of which are collapsed into this single broader code in ICHI.
174149007 (Open reduction of intussusception of colon)maps to wider conceptKBP.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon)KBP.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for an open abdominal maneuver to reposition the colon, which is the operative mechanism of reducing a colonic intussusception; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify intussusception reduction as the indication.
173991001 (Open reduction of intussusception of ileum)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)KBK.LD.AA is the best available ICHI code for an open intra-abdominal maneuver to reduce a small intestinal intussusception at the ileum; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify ileum specifically (only "small intestine, not elsewhere classified") nor does it name intussusception as the target condition.
38690008 (Open reduction of open coccygeal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBU.LD.AA (Open reduction of coccyx)MBU.LD.AA precisely matches the target (coccyx) and the intervention type (open reduction), but it does not capture the "open fracture" qualifier (compound/open wound) that specifies the fracture type in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically broader.
11608005 (Open reduction of open shoulder joint dislocation with fracture of greater tuberosity)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of shoulder joint)MDJ.LD.AA correctly maps the target (shoulder joint) and the approach (open reduction), but the ICHI code does not capture the concurrent fracture of the greater tuberosity or the open/compound nature of the dislocation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
78143004 (Open reduction of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation with excision)maps to wider conceptMMJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of knee joint)The proximal tibiofibular joint has no dedicated ICHI procedure target; the closest available code covers open reduction of the knee joint broadly, which encompasses this anatomical region. ICHI does not capture the additional "with excision" component, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
15762008 (Open reduction of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation with fixation)maps to wider conceptMMJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of knee joint)As with the excision variant, there is no dedicated ICHI code for the proximal tibiofibular joint; the knee joint open reduction code is the best available fit. The "with fixation" specificity and the joint-level granularity of the SNOMED concept are both lost in this mapping.
47571006 (Open reduction of separated epiphysis of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI has a direct open reduction code for the femur, which is the correct bone target and approach. The ICHI code is wider because it covers open reduction of the femur generally, without specifying that the structure being reduced is a separated epiphysis (physeal separation/Salter-Harris fracture).
79661003 (Open reduction of separated epiphysis of humerus)maps to wider conceptMEB.LD.AA (Open reduction of humerus)ICHI has a direct open reduction code for the humerus at the correct anatomical level and approach. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the target is a separated epiphysis, encompassing any open reduction procedure on the humerus.
51392005 (Open reduction of separated epiphysis of radius AND ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of forearm)Radius and ulna are both forearm bones and ICHI groups them together under "bone of forearm," making this the most specific available code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the epiphyseal nature of the lesion, the dual-bone involvement, or the specific bones (radius and ulna individually).
6967000 (Open reduction of separation of epiphysis of fibula)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)ICHI groups tibia and fibula into a single target axis code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture types requiring open reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the fibula and the epiphyseal separation subtype.
75282009 (Open reduction of separation of epiphysis of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)As with the fibula variant, ICHI combines tibia and fibula under one code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture patterns, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the tibia and the epiphyseal injury subtype.
19688005 (Open reduction of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has level-specific open reduction codes for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx spine, but no single code covering the full spinal column; the residual "not elsewhere classified" vertebra code is the closest catch-all, though it is still broader in scope than the SNOMED concept (which implies any spinal level, unspecified).
23943001 (Open reduction of sternum fracture)maps to wider conceptMCB.LD.AA (Open reduction of rib or sternum)ICHI codes the sternum together with the rib as a combined target, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the sternum; the open reduction action and approach (open) are an exact match.
44886000 (Open reduction of temporomandibular dislocation)maps to wider conceptMAJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of head or neck)ICHI has a dedicated open reduction code for the joint of head or neck with the TMJ being the most clinically prominent joint in that group, but the target covers all head and neck joints rather than the temporomandibular joint specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
174572001 (Open removal of bile duct stent)maps to wider conceptKCM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct)KCM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the bile duct via open approach (means AA), making it a good match for stent removal; however, the ICHI code is broader as it also encompasses foreign body removal and does not specify "stent" as the device type.
174582000 (Open removal of calculus from bile duct and drainage of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bile duct)KCM.JE.AA covers open extraction of calculus from the bile duct, matching the calculus-removal component, but the SNOMED concept also includes a concurrent drainage of the bile duct that the single ICHI code does not capture.
174444005 (Open removal of calculus from liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from liver)ICHI has no dedicated calculus-from-liver code; KCA.JD.AA is the closest available code covering open removal of a foreign body or internal device from the liver, broader because it does not distinguish a calculus from other foreign bodies and includes device removal.
179847009 (Open removal of loose body from joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site)ICHI classifies loose bodies under "foreign body" within the joint, and MRJ.JD.AA covers an open approach at an unspecified joint site; slightly wider as it also encompasses internal device removal in addition to foreign/loose bodies.
427198005 (Open removal of ventricular assist device)maps to wider conceptHBZ.JD.AA (Removal of biventricular assist device)The SNOMED concept specifies "ventricular assist device" without laterality, which most naturally aligns with the biventricular code; HBZ.JD.AA is the best single code absent laterality detail.
232626004 (Open repair of bronchopleural fistula)maps to wider conceptJCH.MK.AA (Closure of fistula of the thoracic cavity)ICHI has no specific code for bronchopleural fistula repair; JCH.MK.AA is the closest available code as a bronchopleural fistula is a thoracic cavity fistula, but is broader by covering any thoracic cavity fistula.
773286003 (Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with anterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)ICHI has no code for incisional hernia repair specifically; PAL.ML.AA is the best match as it captures the reconstructive nature of the procedure including mesh and component separation, though broader without distinguishing hernia type, mesh material, or technique.
773313002 (Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with posterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)ICHI has no specific code for incisional hernia repair; PAL.ML.AA best captures a complex open abdominal wall repair involving component separation and biological mesh placement, but is broader as it does not specify hernia type, mesh material, or component separation technique.
773285004 (Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with anterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)PAL.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for a complex open abdominal wall reconstruction with component separation and synthetic mesh, but is broader as it omits hernia type, mesh material, and separation direction.
773311000 (Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with posterior component separation)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)All three SNOMED concepts for incisional hernia repair with component separation and mesh map to the single available ICHI code PAL.ML.AA, which does not encode hernia subtype, mesh type, or component separation direction.
173627007 (Open revision of tubal prosthesis in esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus)KBA.SN.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management (including revision/adjustment) of an internal device in the oesophagus; broader because it does not specify revision, the device as tubal prosthesis, or that the approach is open.
426937008 (Open thrombectomy of renal vein)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for renal vein thrombectomy; IZE.JE.AA captures the core action (extraction of obstruction from a blood vessel) and is the closest available match, but broader as it does not specify renal vein or open approach.
175845008 (Open thrombectomy of vein of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)IFD.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from lower limb veins and aligns well anatomically and procedurally, but is slightly wider as "extraction of obstruction" encompasses thrombectomy, embolectomy, and other obstruction removals.
175844007 (Open thrombectomy of vein of upper limb)maps to wider conceptICD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb)ICD.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from upper limb veins with the correct anatomical target, but the ICHI title is broader than thrombectomy alone, encompassing any obstruction extraction from that vessel.
1119427000 (Open transposition of left subclavian artery to carotid artery with endovascular repair of descending thoracic aorta by neck incision)maps to wider conceptIBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of head and neck)ICHI has no dedicated code for subclavian transposition or combined procedures at this granularity; IBA.ML.AA is the closest match covering the dominant open reconstructive component, but considerably broader and omits the endovascular thoracic aortic repair.
1119428005 (Open transposition of right subclavian artery to carotid artery with endovascular repair of descending thoracic aorta by neck incision)maps to wider conceptIBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of head and neck)The right-sided variant maps to the same ICHI code which captures the open arterial reconstruction of head and neck vessels but is far broader and does not represent the full combined procedure or its laterality.
6779009 (Open treatment of slipped femoral epiphysis)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)Surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis involves open reduction of the displaced femoral epiphysis; MLB.LD.AA is broader as it covers any open reduction of femur rather than the specific epiphyseal slip condition, and does not capture internal fixation.
282142006 (Open ventrosuspension of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)NME.LC.AA covers uterine suspension in general, which aligns well semantically; however, the ICHI code does not specify the "ventro-" (anterior abdominal wall) approach or the open surgical means, making it broader.
709113006 (Opening of chest and insertion of pleural tube drain)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)JCB.JB.AA captures the functional goal of the procedure but does not encode the thoracotomy (opening of the chest) component; SNOMED explicitly describes both a chest opening and tube insertion, so the ICHI code is broader.
235498008 (Operation for pancreatic fistula)maps to wider conceptKCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas)ICHI has no dedicated pancreatic fistula closure code; KCO.MK.AA is the nearest structural match as fistula closure is a form of pancreatic repair, but covers all pancreatic repairs.
36681006 (Operation on adenoids)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)"Operation on adenoids" is a broad SNOMED grouper for any procedure on adenoid tissue; BlockL5-DAB covers the full range of such interventions in ICHI. No single assignable ICHI code matches without being more specific.
175448004 (Operation on aneurysm of axillary artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICHI has no aneurysm-specific code for the axillary artery; surgical repair maps to "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb," which covers the axillary artery as part of the upper limb artery group but encompasses any reconstructive procedure.
175449007 (Operation on aneurysm of brachial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICHI classifies the brachial and axillary arteries under the single upper limb artery group; ICA.ML.AA is the best available code for aneurysm repair without a vessel-specific or aneurysm-specific ICHI code.
24265000 (Operation on anus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBX (Interventions on anus and anal canal)"Operation on anus" is a SNOMED grouper for any anal procedure; BlockL5-KBX directly mirrors this scope as the ICHI block for all interventions on the anus and anal canal.
304810004 (Operation on articular eminence of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAJ (Interventions on joint of head or neck)ICHI contains specific TMJ procedure codes but none specifically targeting the articular eminence sub-structure. The parent block covers all interventions on joints of head/neck including the TMJ.
42560003 (Operation on biliary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KCA (Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures)ICHI does not have a single block precisely matching "biliary tract" as a whole — the closest parent that encompasses all biliary tract structures is BlockL4-KCA, which is broader as it also covers hepatic structures.
427700000 (Operation on blood vessel of liver)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-IEA (Interventions on abdominal vessels)ICHI has no dedicated block for liver-specific blood vessels; the broadest relevant vascular block encompassing hepatic vessels in the abdomen is BlockL4-IEA, which is wider than the liver-vessel-specific SNOMED concept.
57168000 (Operation on bone)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI organises bone interventions into numerous site-specific blocks with no single aggregating "bone" block. The closest superordinate block is BlockL3-MAA, which is broader still as it also includes joints, muscles, and soft tissue.
26476002 (Operation on bronchus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBB (Interventions on bronchus)ICHI's "Interventions on bronchus" block directly covers all procedures on the bronchus, matching the broad SNOMED category. The block is slightly wider as it encompasses every bronchus intervention without restriction.
265694008 (Operation on burnt skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI has no burn-specific coding; the "Interventions on skin" block encompasses all procedures applicable to burnt skin but is broader as it covers all skin conditions, not just burn injuries.
21515009 (Operation on bursa of hand)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)ICHI contains no bursa-specific codes; the closest structural match is the hand musculoskeletal block, substantially wider as it covers bone, joint, ligament, muscle, and tendon of the hand in addition to bursa.
53266006 (Operation on diaphragm)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MCX (Interventions on diaphragm)The ICHI block "Interventions on diaphragm" covers the full range of procedures on the diaphragm (biopsy, repair, device insertion, imaging, etc.), matching the broad scope of the SNOMED concept. The block is slightly wider in that it also includes diagnostic interventions.
48114000 (Operation on esophagus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBA (Interventions on oesophagus)The ICHI block encompasses the full range of oesophageal procedures including surgical, endoscopic, and diagnostic interventions, closely matching the broad SNOMED concept. The block is slightly wider because it includes imaging and diagnostic procedures beyond the purely surgical scope implied by "operation".
29971002 (Operation on external ear)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-CAA (Interventions on external ear)The ICHI block covers the full spectrum of procedures on the external ear (incision, biopsy, excision, reconstruction, drainage, dressing, etc.), corresponding well to the broad SNOMED concept. The ICHI block is slightly wider because it includes non-surgical interventions such as dressing and measurement.
17639001 (Operation on extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BDA (Interventions on ocular muscles)The ICHI block contains all specific extraocular muscle procedures (biopsy, incision, release, transposition, advancement, shortening, repair) and maps well to the broad SNOMED concept. It is slightly wider because it also includes electrophysiological measurement and potentially covers non-extraocular ocular muscles.
172191005 (Operation on eyebrow)maps to wider conceptLAA (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow intervention block or category; the closest covering structure is the skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck block, which anatomically encompasses the eyebrow region but is far broader than the eyebrow specifically. The XA1LZ5 "Eyebrow" code exists only as an extension/entity target, not as an assignable intervention category.
71882008 (Operation on facial joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAJ (Interventions on joint of head or neck)ICHI does not have a block specifically for facial joints; the closest grouping is BlockL5-MAJ, which covers the temporomandibular joint and other head/neck joints but extends beyond facial joints to include cervical spine joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
26912002 (Operation on fascia of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL (Ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL is the closest ICHI target-level category for fascia of the hand, and the block BlockL5-MGL groups all specific interventions on this structure. ICHI is wider because MGL also encompasses finger fascia and ligament structures, while the SNOMED concept is limited to fascia of the hand specifically.
12658000 (Operation on female genital organs)maps to wider conceptNMS (Female genital system, not elsewhere classified)NMS is the assignable residual category within the "Interventions on female genital system" block (BlockL4-NMA), which organises all ICHI interventions across ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. ICHI is wider because the block encompasses the entire female genital system, while NMS itself serves as the NEC catch-all.
46616009 (Operation on female perineum)maps to wider conceptPAW (Perineum)PAW is the ICHI target-level category for the perineum, grouping all interventions on this structure under BlockL5-PAW. ICHI is wider because PAW is not sex-specific and covers perineum interventions regardless of sex, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the female perineum.
1287739009 (Operation on femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA (Artery of lower limb)IFA is the ICHI target-level category representing the artery of the lower limb, under block BlockL5-IFA which groups all interventions on lower limb arteries. ICHI has no dedicated femoral artery category, making IFA the best available match; it is wider because it encompasses all lower limb arteries, not just the femoral artery.
31372007 (Operation on fingernail)maps to wider conceptLBD (Nail of finger)LBD is the ICHI target-level category for the nail of the finger, and BlockL5-LBD groups all specific interventions on fingernails (biopsy, excision, repair, onychoplasty, etc.). ICHI is wider because LBD includes all specific nail-of-finger procedures under one grouping category.
232504009 (Operation on frontoethmoidal sinuses)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAE (Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has separate dedicated blocks for frontal sinus (BlockL5-JAG) and ethmoid sinus (BlockL5-JAH) but no combined frontoethmoidal block; the paranasal sinus NEC block is the closest common parent that encompasses both structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
56959007 (Operation on globus pallidus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAA (Interventions on brain)ICHI has no dedicated block or category for the globus pallidus as a distinct target; the globus pallidus is a deep brain nucleus, so BlockL5-AAA "Interventions on brain" is the best available parent block, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept. No more granular ICHI code exists for this structure.
28181007 (Operation on hip joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MLJ (Interventions on hip joint)BlockL5-MLJ covers the full range of interventions on the hip joint and is semantically equivalent in scope to the SNOMED concept, but as an ICHI organisational block it is broader than any single assignable procedure code; no single ICHI category code represents "operation on hip joint" generically.
1287736002 (Operation on iliac artery)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IEA (Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated iliac artery block; the iliac arteries fall within BlockL5-IEA, which encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept that is specific to the iliac artery.
232994005 (Operation on inferior vena cava)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIC (Interventions on inferior vena cava)BlockL5-HIC is dedicated exclusively to interventions on the inferior vena cava, directly matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; the equivalence is "wider" rather than "equivalent" because the ICHI entry is an organisational block (not an assignable category code) spanning all types of IVC procedures.
232474008 (Operation on internal nose)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAA (Interventions on nose)ICHI does not have a separate block for the internal nose; BlockL5-JAA covers the nose as a whole, including both external and internal nasal structures (nasal passages, septum, turbinates), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is scoped specifically to the internal nasal anatomy.
34853001 (Operation on intestine)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)SNOMED "Operation on intestine" is a high-level grouping covering any surgical procedure on the intestine (small or large bowel). The closest ICHI organizational level is the block "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", which is broader still as it encompasses oesophagus, stomach, and other GI structures; no single assignable ICHI category code covers all intestinal operations without being site-specific.
112698002 (Operation on joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRJ (Interventions on joint unspecified site)SNOMED "Operation on joint" is a generic grouper for any surgical procedure on any joint. ICHI's "Interventions on joint unspecified site" block is the closest match as it groups all joint interventions at an unspecified body site, but as a block it is not assignable and encompasses many distinct procedure types, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
12044003 (Operation on lacrimal system)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BAD (Interventions on lacrimal apparatus)SNOMED "Operation on lacrimal system" is a grouping for all surgical procedures on the lacrimal system. ICHI's "Interventions on lacrimal apparatus" block maps closely in scope and anatomical target, but as a block it covers the full range of interventions (biopsy, excision, occlusion, drainage, etc.) without specifying a single procedure type, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
237483005 (Operation on lesion of pituitary gland)maps to wider conceptEAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pituitary gland)EAA.JI.AA matches the target (pituitary gland) and the lesion-directed intent precisely, but the SNOMED concept is wider than a single ICHI code because it covers any operation on a pituitary lesion (excision, drainage, destruction, etc.), whereas ICHI specifies "local excision" as the action; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.
239270001 (Operation on lesion of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)MRT.JI.AA matches the target (tendon sheath) and the lesion-directed nature exactly, but the SNOMED concept covers any operation on a lesion of the tendon sheath (not just local excision), so the SNOMED concept is wider than this single ICHI code; the ICHI code is the best available single code and correctly names the tendon sheath as the structure.
237488001 (Operation on lesion of thyroid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBA (Interventions on thyroid gland)SNOMED 237488001 is a grouper for any operation targeting a thyroid lesion (excision, destruction, drainage, etc.), with no single ICHI category covering that full breadth. The block BlockL5-EBA encompasses all thyroid interventions and is the closest assignable grouping, though it is broader than lesion-specific operations.
4974007 (Operation on liver)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCA (Interventions on liver)SNOMED is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the liver, with no single ICHI category code covering the full scope of liver procedures. The block BlockL5-KCA encompasses all liver interventions (biopsy, excision, repair, transplant, etc.) and is the best structural match, though it is broader in ICHI's hierarchy than the SNOMED concept implies.
387714009 (Operation on lung)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBF (Interventions on lung parenchyma)SNOMED is a grouper for any surgical operation on the lung; no single ICHI category captures this breadth. The block BlockL5-JBF (Interventions on lung parenchyma) is the best structural match, though it is scoped to lung parenchyma specifically and excludes airway or pleural interventions that might fall under the SNOMED concept.
11810009 (Operation on male genital system)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NGA (Interventions on male genital system)SNOMED is a system-level grouper for any operation on the male genital system, spanning prostate, testes, penis, scrotum, and spermatic cord. The ICHI block BlockL4-NGA directly mirrors this scope with the same title and coverage, making it the most semantically aligned match, though it is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code.
12518007 (Operation on male perineum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum)SNOMED specifies operations on the male perineum, while ICHI's block BlockL5-PAW covers interventions on the perineum without sex-specific distinction, making it slightly broader. No male-specific perineum block or category code exists in ICHI, so this block is the best available match.
14375003 (Operation on mandible)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAG (Interventions on mandible)The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for any operation on the mandible, which maps directly to the ICHI block "Interventions on mandible". The ICHI block is slightly wider as it encompasses the full range of specific mandibular procedures (osteotomy, biopsy, reconstruction, etc.).
386765006 (Operation on mediastinum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JCG (Interventions on mediastinal space)The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for any operation on the mediastinum, mapping directly to the ICHI block "Interventions on mediastinal space", which contains all specific mediastinal procedures (incision, drainage, excision, repair, etc.). The ICHI block is slightly wider as a structural organisational unit covering the same anatomical scope.
304811000 (Operation on meniscus of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAJ (Interventions on joint of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated block or category for the TMJ meniscus (articular disc); the meniscus block (BlockL5-MMD) covers only the knee. The best available match is the "Interventions on joint of head or neck" block, which includes TMJ procedures, but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the intra-articular disc/meniscus of the TMJ.
87382000 (Operation on mesentery)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI has no dedicated mesentery target or intervention block; the mesentery is an intraperitoneal fold and its closest classification home is the "Interventions on peritoneum" block, which includes procedures on peritoneal tissue broadly. This block is wider than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses all peritoneal interventions, not just those on the mesentery specifically.
72503009 (Operation on muscle of hand)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MGM (Interventions on muscle of hand)The ICHI block "Interventions on muscle of hand" maps precisely to the anatomical target and covers the full range of operations, matching the generic SNOMED category. Block-level assignment is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular type of operation, and the block is inherently broader than any single procedure code.
88733004 (Operation on nose)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAA (Interventions on nose)The ICHI block "Interventions on nose" directly matches the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept, which is a generic unspecified operation on the nose. Block-level assignment is appropriate since the SNOMED term names no specific procedure type, and the block is broader than any individual assignable nose intervention code.
10444003 (Operation on omentum)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI has no dedicated omentum block; omentum-specific procedures (omentopexy, omental tissue procurement, reduction of torsion of omentum) are housed within the peritoneum block KMA, making it the closest available grouping. The block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses peritoneum and peritoneal cavity interventions beyond the omentum.
384685001 (Operation on oral cavity)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ZZ.ZZ (Oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual "not elsewhere classified" catch-all code for the oral cavity with unspecified action and means, making it the best assignable category for the generic SNOMED concept. It is wider than any specific oral cavity procedure, but it appropriately represents an unspecified operation on the oral cavity as a whole.
235476004 (Operation on pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCO (Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct)The ICHI block explicitly names the pancreatic duct alongside the pancreas, making it the best available match for this SNOMED concept. The block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses operations on the pancreas itself in addition to the pancreatic duct.
1411001 (Operation on papillary muscle of heart)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for operations on the papillary muscle specifically; the papillary muscle is anatomically part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, and HDF.MK.AA is the closest structural match covering that anatomical territory. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire subvalvar apparatus and is framed around repair, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the papillary muscle regardless of valve side or procedure type.
64103003 (Operation on parotid duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.MK.AA (Repair of salivary gland or duct)ICHI has no dedicated parotid-duct-specific procedure codes; the salivary gland block (BlockL5-KAM) groups parotid duct procedures under broader "salivary gland or duct" codes. KAM.MK.AA is selected as a representative code covering operations on salivary ducts (including the parotid/Stensen duct), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept both anatomically and procedurally.
58456002 (Operation on parotid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAL (Interventions on parotid gland)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any operation on the parotid gland without specifying the procedure type, which aligns best with the ICHI block rather than any single leaf-level category code. BlockL5-KAL groups all parotid gland interventions and is broader in the same way the SNOMED concept is — it is the appropriate assignment when no specific procedure is indicated.
236249006 (Operation on pelvic lymph node draining prostate)maps to wider conceptDFF.JK.AA (Total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph node)ICHI's pelvic lymph node codes (BlockL5-DFF) do not distinguish nodes by the organ they drain; DFF.JK.AA covers total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph nodes generally, which is the most commonly performed operation in this context (pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate staging/treatment). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the prostate-draining node group, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses operations other than excision.
30150005 (Operation on perirectal tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBW (Interventions on rectum)ICHI has no dedicated block or code specifically for perirectal tissue alone; the closest structural grouping is "Interventions on rectum" (BlockL5-KBW), which contains KBW.JB.AA "Drainage of rectum and perirectal area" — the only ICHI code that explicitly names perirectal tissue. The SNOMED concept is a broad operative category on perirectal tissue, and the ICHI block covering the rectum and its surrounding tissue is wider than this specific anatomical focus.
23136006 (Operation on pharynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI does not have a single block covering the pharynx as a whole; the closest grouping is "Interventions on mouth or pharynx" (BlockL4-KAA), which is broader as it also encompasses the mouth, though it contains the pharynx-specific sub-blocks (nasopharynx JAM and oropharynx KAR). Assigning the block is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a generic operative category rather than a specific procedure.
171961002 (Operation on pituitary stalk)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EAA (Interventions on pituitary gland)ICHI has no code or block specific to the pituitary stalk (infundibulum); searches for "pituitary stalk," "hypophyseal," and "infundibulum" return no results. The closest available grouping is "Interventions on pituitary gland" (BlockL5-EAA), which is anatomically adjacent and the most clinically reasonable proxy, though it is broader and targets the gland rather than the stalk.
741007 (Operation on prostate)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGA (Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle)The SNOMED concept covers any operation on the prostate as a broad category; the ICHI block BlockL5-NGA groups all interventions on the prostate and seminal vesicle and is the best available match, though it also includes the seminal vesicle and is a non-assignable block rather than a specific procedure code.
38330000 (Operation on pterygium)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BBA (Interventions on conjunctiva)Pterygium is a conjunctival lesion and ICHI has no specific pterygium code; the best structural match is the conjunctiva interventions block BlockL5-BBA, which is broader since it covers all conjunctival interventions and is not assignable as a leaf code.
74971002 (Operation on rectum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBW (Interventions on rectum)The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any rectal operation; BlockL5-KBW is the corresponding ICHI organisational block for all rectal interventions, which is wider because it groups many distinct procedure types rather than representing a single procedure.
14750004 (Operation on seminal vesicle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGA (Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle)ICHI does not have a block or category dedicated solely to the seminal vesicle; the closest organisational node is BlockL5-NGA which groups interventions on both the prostate and seminal vesicle together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the seminal vesicle. No individual category code exists that isolates seminal vesicle interventions without also encompassing the prostate.
39316003 (Operation on sigmoid)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBU (Interventions on sigmoid colon)BlockL5-KBU groups all interventions on the sigmoid colon under one organisational block, which aligns well with the unspecified "operation on sigmoid" SNOMED concept; the ICHI block is broader because it encompasses every type of intervention while the SNOMED concept is already an unspecified parent grouper, making the block-level mapping the most appropriate choice.
30548009 (Operation on skin of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAG (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)BlockL5-LAG covers all types of interventions on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept well; the ICHI block is slightly broader in that it also includes subcutaneous cell tissue and encompasses all intervention types, while SNOMED specifies only skin and is an unspecified grouper, making the block-level assignment the best fit.
13350008 (Operation on skin of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAE (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the upper limb)BlockL5-LAE groups all interventions on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, which is the closest structural match to this unspecified SNOMED grouper concept; as with the lower extremity, the ICHI block is slightly broader by including subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, but it is the best available ICHI representation for this anatomical region.
172892001 (Operation on sphenoid sinus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAI (Interventions of sphenoid sinus)BlockL5-JAI is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the sphenoid sinus, directly matching the anatomical target and procedural scope of the SNOMED concept. A block code is used because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing multiple procedure types, none of which alone is equivalent.
16453004 (Operation on stomach)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBF (Interventions on stomach)BlockL5-KBF is the dedicated ICHI block grouping all interventions on the stomach, matching the anatomical target exactly; a block code is appropriate because the SNOMED concept is a broad procedural category rather than a specific operation.
171553000 (Operation on subarachnoid space of brain)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAC (Interventions on cerebral meninges)The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the cerebral meninges, so BlockL5-AAC is the closest anatomical match in ICHI; it is wider because the block covers all cerebral meningeal interventions and the subarachnoid space is only one sub-compartment of that anatomy.
1287904000 (Operation on subclavian artery)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IDA (Interventions on artery of thorax)ICHI has no dedicated subclavian artery block; the subclavian artery originates in the thorax before passing into the upper limb, making "Interventions on artery of thorax" (IDA) the most anatomically appropriate parent block, though it is broader than the specific subclavian artery target.
232986003 (Operation on superior vena cava)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIB (Interventions on superior vena cava)BlockL5-HIB is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the superior vena cava, matching the anatomical target precisely; a block code is used because the SNOMED concept is a broad category that spans the full range of procedures in that block.
51009002 (Operation on sympathetic ganglion)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated sympathetic ganglion target; the closest assignable code is the residual category for unspecified interventions on the sympathetic nervous system, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on ganglia specifically. The block BlockL4-ADB covers the same system but is not an assignable code.
112945003 (Operation on sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)The SNOMED concept is a generic parent covering any operation on any sympathetic nerve, which maps best to the unspecified residual category for the sympathetic nervous system; the block BlockL4-ADB is a closer organisational fit but is not assignable, and region-specific codes are narrower than this parent concept.
83398006 (Operation on tendon of extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BDA (Interventions on ocular muscles)The SNOMED concept specifically targets the tendon of the extraocular muscle, while ICHI's block BlockL4-BDA covers interventions on ocular muscles (and tendons) broadly, without a code dedicated solely to the tendon component. The block is wider as it encompasses all ocular muscle/tendon interventions without tendon specificity.
287208004 (Operation on thalamus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAA (Interventions on brain)ICHI has no dedicated thalamus block or category; the thalamus is a subcortical brain structure and all ICHI codes for brain interventions are grouped under the "Interventions on brain" block (AAA). This block is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the thalamus.
232976004 (Operation on the great veins and coronary sinus)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI groups great vessels (including superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins) under BlockL4-HIA "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels," but this block also includes coronary arteries and does not isolate the coronary sinus as a distinct target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to great veins and coronary sinus.
233207009 (Operation on the pulmonary trunk and arteries)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HID (Interventions on pulmonary artery)BlockL5-HID covers interventions on the pulmonary artery, which encompasses the pulmonary arterial tree but does not explicitly distinguish the pulmonary trunk as a separate target. The SNOMED concept specifies both trunk and arteries; ICHI collapses these under a single "pulmonary artery" block, making the ICHI entry slightly wider in scope relative to the specific trunk reference in SNOMED.
175840003 (Operation on the pulmonary venous system)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIE (Interventions on pulmonary vein)BlockL5-HIE covers the full range of interventions on the pulmonary vein and is the closest structural grouping in ICHI for the pulmonary venous system. The SNOMED concept is a broad category encompassing any operation on the pulmonary venous system, and the ICHI block is likewise a grouping rather than a single procedure, making it a wider match since no single assignable category code covers all such operations.
233222004 (Operation on the sinuses of Valsalva)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIL (Interventions on aortic root)The sinuses of Valsalva (aortic sinuses) are anatomical dilatations at the base of the aortic root between the aortic valve cusps and the aortic wall; ICHI has no dedicated code for the sinuses of Valsalva specifically, but BlockL5-HIL "Interventions on aortic root" is the most anatomically precise grouping available, covering the same structural region. The ICHI block is broader as it encompasses the entire aortic root rather than the sinuses alone.
74966009 (Operation on tracheobronchial tree)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JBA (Interventions on lower respiratory tract)ICHI has no single block or code for the tracheobronchial tree as a combined entity; it separately classifies interventions on the trachea (BlockL5-JBA) and bronchus (BlockL5-JBB) under the parent BlockL4 "Interventions on lower respiratory tract," which also includes lung parenchyma and is therefore broader than the tracheobronchial tree alone. This parent block is the best available approximation.
45251002 (Operation on umbilicus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAO (Interventions on abdominal wall, umbilical)ICHI has no single assignable category code for an unspecified "operation on umbilicus"; the block BlockL5-PAO groups all umbilical interventions (biopsy, hernia repair, local excision) and is the best structural match, but it is broader than any specific procedure and is a non-assignable block rather than a category code.
387749002 (Operation on ureter)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAE (Interventions on ureter)The SNOMED concept is an unspecified umbrella for any operation on the ureter, which maps best to the ICHI block BlockL5-NAE "Interventions on ureter" that groups all ureteral procedures; because the block is non-assignable and broader than any single procedure, the equivalence is wider.
699794005 (Operation on urethra and periurethral tissue)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAM (Interventions on urethra)The ICHI block BlockL5-NAM covers all urethral interventions but does not explicitly include periurethral tissue as a distinct target; the SNOMED concept is slightly narrower in scope than the block (it specifies both urethra and periurethral tissue), making the block code a wider but best-available match.
14861000 (Operation on urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAI (Interventions on urinary bladder)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all operations on the urinary bladder, which corresponds directly to the ICHI block "Interventions on urinary bladder." The ICHI block is broader because it is an organisational grouping covering all specific procedure codes (cystoscopy, cystectomy, repair, reconstruction, etc.) under it rather than being itself an assignable category.
79876008 (Operation on uterus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NME (Interventions on uterus)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all operations on the uterus, directly matching the ICHI organisational block "Interventions on uterus," which encompasses all specific assignable procedure codes (hysterotomy, hysterectomy, repair, reconstruction, etc.); the block is broader than any single assignable code but is the appropriate match for this superordinate SNOMED concept.
27755001 (Operation on vessels of heart)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)BlockL4-HIA is the closest ICHI structural match, covering coronary arteries and great vessels associated with the heart, but it is an organisational block (not an assignable category) and is still broader than the SNOMED term since it encompasses a full range of specific procedures; no single assignable ICHI category captures the generic concept without specifying an action.
177980007 (Operations on posterior peritoneum)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI has a block for peritoneum interventions (KMA) under the digestive system, but it covers the peritoneum broadly without distinguishing the posterior (retroperitoneal) surface. The SNOMED concept is more specific (posterior/retroperitoneal), making the ICHI block wider.
52092002 (Operative procedure on ankle)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MNB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of lower leg)ICHI groups ankle structures (ankle joint, ankle cartilage, ligaments, tendons) under the "lower leg" parent block (BlockL4-MNB), which is broader than the SNOMED concept of ankle specifically; no single ICHI block or code corresponds to "operative procedure on ankle" as an encompassing category.
90269007 (Operative procedure on artery of head and neck)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IBA (Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial)BlockL5-IBA covers operative interventions on the extracranial arteries of the head and neck, which closely matches the SNOMED concept; it is the closest available match since the SNOMED concept spans all arteries of head and neck while this ICHI block is scoped to extracranial only.
373196008 (Operative procedure on bone of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI organises lower extremity bones by specific region (thigh/MLB, lower leg/MNB, foot/MOB, knee/MMC, pelvic region/MKB) with no single block spanning all bones of the lower extremity; the nearest common ancestor is the musculoskeletal system chapter block.
371009003 (Operative procedure on bone of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI organises upper extremity bones by specific region (upper arm/MEB, forearm/MFB, hand/MGB, shoulder/MDB) with no single block spanning all bones of the upper extremity; the nearest common ancestor is the musculoskeletal system chapter block.
31413008 (Operative procedure on coronary artery)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries)BlockL5-HIA groups all ICHI interventions on coronary arteries (bypass, endarterectomy, repair, reconstruction, thrombolysis, etc.), making it a direct structural equivalent to this SNOMED parent concept; the ICHI block is wider because it encompasses every possible coronary artery procedure.
9469005 (Operative procedure on cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAN (Interventions on cranial nerve)BlockL5-AAN is the ICHI block that collects all interventions on cranial nerves (biopsy, incision, division, destruction, graft, stimulation, etc.), directly corresponding to this generic SNOMED parent; the ICHI block is wider as it subsumes every cranial nerve procedure type.
61661004 (Operative procedure on foot)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MOB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe)BlockL4-MOB is the highest-level ICHI block grouping all musculoskeletal interventions on the foot or toe (bone, joint, ligament, muscle, tendon sub-blocks), making it the best structural counterpart to this generic SNOMED parent concept; it is slightly wider because it includes the toe and all tissue types.
8363004 (Operative procedure on forearm)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PMC (Interventions on forearm)BlockL5-PMC covers all interventions on the forearm as a topographical region, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the forearm. The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses the full range of intervention types (not just surgical/operative).
112746006 (Operative procedure on hand)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PMD (Interventions on hand)BlockL5-PMD covers all interventions on the hand as a topographical region, matching the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the hand. The ICHI block is wider as it includes non-surgical interventions (e.g., rehabilitation, assistive devices).
128397006 (Operative procedure on intracranial vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IAD (Interventions on intracranial vein)BlockL5-IAD is the only ICHI grouping for intracranial vein interventions; its sole sub-block contains only imaging codes (CT and MR venography), so ICHI lacks assignable operative/surgical categories for this target, making the block the best available match.
545001 (Operative procedure on lower leg)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PNC (Interventions on lower leg)BlockL5-PNC covers all interventions on the lower leg as a topographical region, directly paralleling the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the lower leg. The ICHI block is wider because it includes non-operative interventions such as assistive product application and acupressure.
428402007 (Operative procedure on lumbosacral spinal structure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MBO (Interventions on lumbosacral vertebral column)BlockL5-MBO groups all interventions on the lumbosacral vertebral column, the closest structural match in ICHI; the SNOMED concept refers to "lumbosacral spinal structure" broadly (encompassing discs, joints, neural elements), while the ICHI block is scoped to the vertebral column only, making the ICHI block a wider grouper for this SNOMED concept.
386610001 (Operative procedure on vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZD (Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified)No single assignable ICHI category covers all operative procedures on veins regardless of anatomical location; the block "Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified" is the broadest vein-specific grouping that is not tied to a particular anatomical region.
44426009 (Ophthalmic service or procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system)"Ophthalmic service or procedure" is a high-level SNOMED grouping encompassing any intervention related to the eye, making the chapter-level block "Interventions on the visual system" the most appropriate ICHI anchor; this block is wider because it also covers non-ophthalmic visual system structures.
76115003 (Ophthalmologic education)maps to wider conceptBTB.PM.ZZ (Education about seeing functions)BTB.PM.ZZ covers education specifically about seeing functions, which is the core domain of ophthalmologic patient education, but ICHI's scope is limited to the seeing function itself rather than the full breadth of ophthalmologic conditions and eye health.
252801000 (Ophthalmological test)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)BTB.AC.ZZ represents testing of seeing functions, which aligns closely with ophthalmological testing but is scoped to the functional assessment of vision rather than the full range of structural and diagnostic tests performed in ophthalmology (e.g., fundoscopy, tonometry, slit-lamp examination).
74186009 (Opponensplasty by tendon transfer with graft)maps to wider conceptMGT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger)MGT.LJ.AA covers tendon transfer or transplantation of the hand or finger, which encompasses the opponensplasty procedure (restoring thumb opposition via tendon transfer); however, the ICHI code does not capture the specific functional goal of opposition restoration nor the use of a graft, making it broader.
117645008 (Oral hypoglycemic identification)maps to wider conceptUAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)ICHI has no code for identifying or reviewing a specific class of medication (oral hypoglycemics); the closest available code is UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications), which covers medication assessment broadly and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on identifying oral hypoglycemic agents.
311706001 (Oral motor therapy)maps to wider conceptKTC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing)Oral motor therapy targets the neuromuscular function of the oral-facial complex (lips, tongue, jaw, cheeks) to improve feeding, swallowing, and articulation — a broader scope than ICHI's closest match, which covers only swallowing-directed exercise.
448556005 (Oral nutritional support)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a specific code for orally delivered nutritional supplementation; the available nutrition administration codes distinguish intracavity and intravenous routes but lack an oral route variant, so the NEC residual code is the best available fit.
89003005 (Oral temperature taking)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ETG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of body temperature by any method and site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the oral (sublingual) route specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
312097006 (Oral vestibuloplasty using graft)maps to wider conceptKAZ.LK.AC (Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)Vestibuloplasty is the surgical deepening/extension of the oral vestibular sulcus, which matches the action described in KAZ.LK.AC precisely; however, the ICHI code does not capture the graft component that is explicitly part of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
45097009 (Orbicularis oculi reflex test)maps to wider conceptMVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes)The orbicularis oculi reflex (blink reflex) is a specific motor reflex test, while MVB.AC.ZZ encompasses testing of motor reflexes in general — making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
35710000 (Orbital fasciotomy)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AA (Decompression of orbit)Orbital fasciotomy is a specific technique of incising the orbital fascia to relieve compartment pressure; decompression of orbit is the closest functional equivalent in ICHI but is broader as it encompasses all orbital decompression approaches.
303453000 (Orbital osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMAB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the orbital bone; the orbital bone is a facial bone, making MAB.FA.AA the best structural match, but it is broader as it encompasses all unspecified facial bones.
398328001 (Orbitectomy)maps to wider conceptBAM.JK.AC (Exenteration of orbit)Orbitectomy (surgical removal of the orbit including its bony walls) is closest to exenteration of the orbit in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it does not explicitly capture the bony resection component that distinguishes orbitectomy from standard exenteration.
70656009 (Orbitotomy with bone flap)maps to wider conceptBAM.FA.AA (Orbitotomy)BAM.FA.AA directly names orbitotomy but does not specify the bone-flap approach that distinguishes this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because it captures all orbitotomies regardless of surgical technique.
46790005 (Orbitotomy with bone flap by lateral approach, Kroenlein, with drainage)maps to wider conceptBAM.FA.AA (Orbitotomy)BAM.FA.AA covers the core orbitotomy procedure but does not encode the highly specific details (lateral Kroenlein approach, bone flap, drainage), making the ICHI code substantially broader than this precisely defined surgical technique.
31754004 (Orbitotomy with insertion of implant)maps to wider conceptBAM.FA.AA (Orbitotomy)BAM.FA.AA captures the orbitotomy component but ICHI does not have a combined code for orbitotomy with implant insertion; the implant insertion aspect is uncaptured, so the single ICHI code covers only part of this compound procedure.
25041004 (Orchiopexy with hernia repair)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)NGL.LC.AA captures the orchiopexy component precisely, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies concurrent hernia repair, which is represented separately in ICHI; no single code encodes both procedures together.
117357009 (Organism count, microscopic method)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)XG69Q0 covers microscopy as a general laboratory method, which aligns with the microscopic technique aspect of this concept, but it is broader — it does not specify organism counting and applies to microscopy in general.
385986009 (Organizing medicines for self-administration)maps to wider conceptUAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications)UAC.RB.ZZ is a broader concept covering assistance with medications in general, including organising them for the patient's own use; no ICHI code specifically captures preparation or organisation of medicines for self-administration.
89291005 (Orthodontic dental consultation and report)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)KAE.AE.AC covers dental examination broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically an orthodontic consultation with a report component; ICHI has no orthodontic-specific consultation code.
423204009 (Orthopedic assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly and is the closest ICHI code; however, it is broader because orthopedic practice also encompasses bone/joint/connective tissue pathology assessment beyond generic musculoskeletal function.
252847008 (Orthoptic test)maps to wider conceptBTF.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye)Orthoptic testing assesses binocular vision, ocular alignment, and motility — all functions of structures adjoining the eye — making BTF.AC.ZZ the closest ICHI code, broader as it covers all tests of adjoining-eye structures.
243210000 (Orthoptic treatment - uniocular penalization)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)Uniocular penalization (deliberately blurring or occluding the better eye to stimulate the amblyopic eye) is a therapeutic intervention rehabilitating monocular visual function; BTB.PH.ZZ captures the rehabilitative intent most closely but is broader.
285785004 (Orthoptic treatment penalization with lenses)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)Penalization with lenses (using optical lenses to degrade vision in the dominant eye to encourage use of the amblyopic eye) maps to BTB.PH.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader, covering all training of seeing functions rather than lens-based penalization specifically.
29056004 (Osmolality measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Osmolality measurement is the primary laboratory method for assessing body fluid tonicity and water/electrolyte balance; the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering the entire domain rather than osmolality specifically.
78888000 (Osmolality measurement, urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)Urine osmolality is a chemical analysis performed on a urine specimen, making XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) the most specific available match; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all urine chemistry tests, not osmolality alone.
1494008 (Osmolarity measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Osmolarity measurement quantifies solute concentration in body fluids and is a direct indicator of water and electrolyte balance; no ICHI code exists specifically for osmolarity, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept.
113039000 (Osmotic fragility)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Osmotic fragility is a test of red blood cell resistance to lysis in hypotonic solutions, a functional assessment of the haematological system; ICHI has no specific code for osmotic fragility, so DTA.AC.ZZ is the best match and is broader.
117246001 (Osmotic fragility test, RBC dilution method)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)This is a methodologically specific variant of the osmotic fragility test (using the RBC dilution technique); ICHI does not capture the level of methodological detail (dilution method), so DTA.AC.ZZ is wider.
27107005 (Osmotic fragility, immediate)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)The "immediate" qualifier distinguishes this from the incubated variant by timing of specimen analysis, a granularity ICHI does not represent; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best available match and is broader.
47043008 (Osmotic fragility, incubated)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)The "incubated" variant involves pre-incubating red blood cells before the osmotic lysis challenge, a procedural detail not captured in ICHI; DTA.AC.ZZ subsumes this concept at a coarser level of granularity.
73934007 (Ossiculectomy with stapes mobilization)maps to wider conceptCBF.JJ.AC (Stapedectomy)The SNOMED concept describes excision of an ossicle combined with stapes mobilization; ICHI has no combined code, and CBF.JJ.AC captures the excision of the stapes ossicle but omits the mobilization/release component, making it the closest assignable match.
172684008 (Ossiculoplasty using artificial prosthesis)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Ossiculoplasty is reconstruction of the ossicular chain, directly matching CBF.ML.AC; however, ICHI does not distinguish the means of reconstruction (artificial prosthesis vs biological graft), so the ICHI code is broader.
172685009 (Ossiculoplasty using biological graft)maps to wider conceptCBF.ML.AC (Ossicular chain reconstruction)Ossiculoplasty using a biological graft is semantically equivalent to ossicular chain reconstruction, but ICHI does not capture the specific means (biological graft vs prosthesis), making the ICHI code broader.
416278003 (Osteopathic manipulation, direct method)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures joint manipulation applied externally but does not distinguish direct-force technique from other osteopathic manipulation methods; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all external joint manipulation regardless of specific osteopathic technique.
416723008 (Osteopathic manipulation, exaggeration method)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)The exaggeration method is a specific indirect osteopathic technique moving the joint toward ease/barrier; ICHI has no code for this technique variant and subsumes all external joint manipulation under one category.
65361000 (Osteopathic manipulation, indirect forces)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)Indirect-force osteopathic techniques (functional, counterstrain) move tissues away from the restrictive barrier; ICHI does not differentiate indirect from direct manipulation approaches.
19859006 (Osteopathic manipulation, low-velocity, high-amplitude forces, springing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)Low-velocity high-amplitude (springing) is a specific osteopathic technique; ICHI encodes no velocity or amplitude parameters within the manipulation action code, so this technique is subsumed under the generic external joint manipulation category.
416244009 (Osteopathic manipulation, passive method)maps to wider conceptMRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no code specific to the passive method technique of osteopathic manipulation; MRJ.PA.AH captures the manipulation action but is broader, not specifying the osteopathic technique or the passive-method approach.
4987001 (Osteoplasty of cranium with flap of bone)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)MAA.ML.AA covers cranial osteoplasty in general, encompassing the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the bone flap technique, making the ICHI code wider.
34521003 (Osteoplasty of radius, lengthening with autograft)maps to wider conceptMFB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures on bone of forearm)ICHI classifies the radius under the forearm bone block; MFB.LK.AA covers any forearm bone (radius or ulna), not the radius specifically, and the autograft technique is also not captured.
41280000 (Osteoplasty of radius, shortening)maps to wider conceptMFB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures on bone of forearm)MFB.LL.AA captures limb shortening of the forearm bone but covers both radius and ulna rather than the radius specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
243390001 (Osteoplasty of vertebrae)maps to wider conceptMBZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.ML.AA is a residual NEC code for open reconstruction of a vertebra and is the closest ICHI equivalent to vertebral osteoplasty, but "reconstruction" is broader than the precise surgical shaping implied by osteoplasty.
391024003 (Osteoporosis dietary education)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food in general, encompassing dietary education relevant to osteoporosis, but is broader because it is not specific to osteoporosis or to bone-relevant dietary components.
150062003 (Osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept "Osteotomy" is a generic procedure without a specified site; MRB.FA.AA is the unspecified-site counterpart in ICHI's residual block.
443178006 (Osteotomy for shortening of phalanx of toe)maps to wider conceptMOB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedure of bone of foot or toe)MOB.LL.AA captures the shortening intent applied to bone of foot or toe but is broader as it covers all foot and toe bones rather than being specific to the phalanx, and encompasses techniques beyond osteotomy alone.
178483004 (Osteotomy of alveolar segment of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.FA.AA (Osteotomy of mandibular bone)MAG.FA.AA is the osteotomy code for the mandible as a whole; ICHI does not have a sub-code specific to the alveolar segment, making the ICHI code broader.
178479004 (Osteotomy of alveolar segment of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.FA.AA (Osteotomy of maxillary bone)MAF.FA.AA is the osteotomy code for the maxilla as a whole; ICHI does not distinguish a sub-code for the alveolar segment of the maxilla.
65585009 (Osteotomy of femur, supracondylar with fixation)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)ICHI captures the target (femur) and action (osteotomy) correctly but does not distinguish the supracondylar location or accompanying fixation component.
55502007 (Osteotomy of iliac bone)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)ICHI does not have a code specific to the iliac bone; MKB.FA.AA covers the pelvis as a whole (ilium, ischium, pubis), so the ICHI code is broader.
85321006 (Osteotomy of innominate bone with femoral osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)ICHI has no code for the innominate bone specifically nor for the combined pelvic-plus-femoral osteotomy procedure; MKB.FA.AA covers pelvic osteotomy broadly but omits the simultaneous femoral osteotomy component.
439876002 (Osteotomy of lumbar spine by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.FA.AA (Osteotomy of lumbar spine)ICHI captures the lumbar spine target and osteotomy action precisely, but the means axis (AA = open) does not distinguish posterior from anterior or lateral approaches.
239309002 (Osteotomy of proximal femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)ICHI has a single code for osteotomy of the whole femur and does not subdivide by segment (proximal, shaft, distal), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
5184004 (Osteotomy of shaft of femur with fixation)maps to wider conceptMLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the femoral shaft with fixation; MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the shaft sub-segment or fixation component.
439901007 (Osteotomy of thoracic spine by posterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.FA.AA (Osteotomy of thoracic spine)MBG.FA.AA precisely matches the thoracic spine location and osteotomy procedure, but the means axis (AA = open) does not capture the posterior approach specifically.
410090002 (Ostomy care assessment)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma (NEC) and aligns with ostomy care assessment but is slightly broader as "stoma" encompasses all stoma types, not just ostomies.
410092005 (Ostomy care management)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)PTD.SN.AC captures management of a stoma not classified elsewhere, aligning with ostomy care management but covering any stoma type rather than being specific to bowel/urinary ostomies.
410094006 (Ostomy irrigation education)maps to wider conceptPTD.PM.ZZ (Stoma education, not elsewhere classified)PTD.PM.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for educating patients about stoma care; it covers stoma education broadly but does not capture the specific irrigation focus of the SNOMED concept.
170898009 (Ostomy monitoring)maps to wider conceptPTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "monitoring" code for stoma; PTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, NEC) is broader because assessment encompasses more than ongoing monitoring.
120059003 (Ovary closure)maps to wider conceptNMA.MK.AA (Repair of ovary)"Ovary closure" (suturing the ovary, e.g. after cystectomy) falls within the broader category of ovary repair; ICHI has no dedicated "closure of ovary" code, so NMA.MK.AA is the closest parent concept.
174347002 (Overlap repair of anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI does not have a specific code for overlap sphincteroplasty; KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus generally and is the closest available code but does not specify the overlap technique or sphincter muscle target.
1260205001 (Oversewing of exposed vaginal mesh)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AC (Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach)Oversewing exposed vaginal mesh is a specific complication-management procedure performed transvaginally; ICHI has no dedicated mesh-complication code, so NMH.MK.AC is the closest match by approach and target organ.
360374006 (Oversewing of peptic ulcer crater)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)Oversewing of a peptic ulcer crater is a surgical repair of the gastric or duodenal wall; KBF.MK.AA covers open repair of the stomach broadly without specifying ulcer type or technique, and no more specific ICHI code for ulcer oversewing exists.
1255167003 (Ovo vegetarian diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)An ovo vegetarian diet is a specific dietary prescription (plant-based plus eggs); UAB.TI.ZZ covers prescription of food in general without capturing the specific dietary pattern, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
252937006 (Ovulation assessment)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)Ovulation assessment evaluates ovulatory function (LH testing, ultrasound follicle tracking, etc.) and falls within fertility function assessment; NUD.AA.ZZ encompasses all fertility function assessments rather than ovulation specifically, making it broader.
35579006 (Oxford operation for urinary incontinence)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AC (Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck)The Oxford operation is a specific transvaginal bladder neck buttressing procedure for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC covers all transvaginal suspension procedures on the bladder neck, which is the correct structural approach but broader than this named eponymous technique.
264598005 (Oximetry)maps to wider conceptJTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of respiration function)Oximetry (measurement of blood oxygen saturation) is a functional measurement of respiratory adequacy; JTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of respiration function broadly without specifying oximetry, and no more specific ICHI code for oxygen saturation measurement exists.
410204009 (Oxygen therapy management)maps to wider conceptPZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy)The SNOMED concept denotes management/oversight of ongoing oxygen therapy, while PZA.DD.AC covers the therapy itself without distinguishing a management sub-activity, making the ICHI code broader.
174440001 (Packing of liver laceration)maps to wider conceptKCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver)ICHI has no specific code for haemostatic packing of a liver laceration; KCA.MK.AA "Repair of liver" is the closest available code as it encompasses surgical interventions that restore liver integrity after trauma, but it is broader and does not specify packing or the laceration context.
242906003 (Packing of nose for anterior epistaxis)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis in general, and nasal packing for anterior epistaxis is the primary method of achieving this; however, the ICHI code does not specify the anterior location or the packing technique.
299690000 (Packing of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.LA.ZZ (Haemostasis of prostate)Prostatic packing is a haemostatic manoeuvre on the prostate; NGA.LA.ZZ covers haemostasis of prostate generally without specifying the packing technique, making it broader.
239401003 (Packing of wound of mandible)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists for wound packing specifically of the mandible region; LZZ.DK.AH is the closest available NEC skin/soft tissue dressing code, broader as it covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue site rather than the mandibular wound.
239381001 (Packing of wound of maxilla)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)As with mandible wound packing, ICHI has no maxilla-specific wound packing code; the maxilla block contains only osseous interventions, so the NEC skin/subcutaneous dressing code is the best available broader match.
232488007 (Packing procedures to nose and nasopharynx)maps to wider conceptJAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)ICHI has no generic "nasal packing" insertion code; JAA.LA.AC (control of epistaxis) is the primary clinical indication for nasal packing, but is broader since the SNOMED concept also covers packing for non-bleeding indications and nasopharynx, which has no packing code.
410240006 (Pain control management)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain)"Pain control management" implies a broad clinical activity overseeing multiple modalities of pain treatment; BlockL4-AXA "Interventions on pain" is the best structural fit but is broader than the SNOMED concept and not itself an assignable leaf code.
278414003 (Pain management)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain)"Pain management" is a generic umbrella term for the whole domain of interventions aimed at controlling pain, which corresponds structurally to BlockL4-AXA "Interventions on pain"; no single assignable ICHI category captures this holistic concept.
236871008 (Painting of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)"Painting of vagina" refers to topical application of a caustic or chemical agent (e.g., silver nitrate, iodine) to the vaginal mucosa, which falls under destruction of a lesion in ICHI; NMH.GA.AC is the closest available code but encompasses all destruction modalities.
173415001 (Palatal osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMAF.FA.AA (Osteotomy of maxillary bone)The hard palate is the palatine process of the maxilla, so palatal osteotomy is anatomically an osteotomy of the maxillary bone; MAF.FA.AA is the closest specific match, though it covers the full maxillary bone rather than the palatal portion.
252612003 (Palatopharyngoplasty)maps to wider conceptKAS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft palate)Palatopharyngoplasty (UPPP-type procedure) involves reconstruction of both the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall; KAS.ML.AA covers only the soft palate target, missing the pharyngeal component, making it broader than the full procedure.
87060004 (Pallidotomy)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)Pallidotomy is targeted stereotactic lesioning of the globus pallidus; AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of any brain lesion or tissue without specifying the globus pallidus target or stereotactic technique, making it broader.
265540006 (Palma operation)maps to wider conceptIFD.LI.AA (Bypass of vein of lower limb)The Palma operation is a cross-femoral saphenous vein bypass for unilateral iliac vein occlusion; IFD.LI.AA covers venous bypass in the lower limb but does not capture the cross-pubic routing or iliac vein occlusion, making it broader.
113011001 (Palpation)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)Palpation is a specific manual physical examination technique; ICHI has no code dedicated to palpation, so PZX.AE.AH is the most appropriate residual code for physical examination of an unspecified body site, encompassing all physical examination modalities.
64908006 (Palpation of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no palpation-specific code; PZX.AE.AH covers physical examination of any body site NEC, broader than the specific technique applied to the specific site.
172488004 (Palpation of liver)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no liver-specific physical examination code and no palpation concept; PZX.AE.AH is the best available fit covering physical examination of any body site NEC.
47241002 (Palpation of spleen)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no spleen-specific physical examination or palpation code; PZX.AE.AH is the least-broad available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept, covering physical examination of any unspecified body site.
119936000 (Pancreas closure)maps to wider conceptKCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas)ICHI has no dedicated "closure of pancreas" code; KCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas) is the closest match as surgical repair encompasses closure procedures, but also covers other forms of repair.
33149006 (Pancreatectomy)maps to wider conceptKCO.JK.AA (Total pancreatectomy)"Pancreatectomy" is a SNOMED grouper covering all pancreatic resection types; KCO.JK.AA is one specific subtype (total). ICHI also has KCO.JJ.AA (partial) and KCO.JL.AA (radical), so the SNOMED concept is wider than any single ICHI leaf code.
252258005 (Pancreolauryl test)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)The pancreolauryl (fluorescein dilaurate) test is a specific exocrine pancreatic function test; ICHI has no code for this test or exocrine pancreatic assessment specifically. KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable code but covers all digestive function assessment.
49181006 (Paracentesis of anterior chamber of eye with removal of blood by irrigation)maps to wider conceptBBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye)The SNOMED concept specifies drainage via irrigation to remove blood (hyphema washout); BBE.JB.AA covers drainage of the anterior chamber generally without specifying the method or material removed.
36783002 (Paracentesis of anterior chamber of eye with therapeutic release of aqueous)maps to wider conceptBBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye)This SNOMED concept describes deliberate release of aqueous humor (e.g., for acute angle-closure glaucoma); BBE.JB.AA matches the site and drainage action but does not capture the specific therapeutic purpose.
363255004 (Paracentesis of eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of eye, not elsewhere classified)"Paracentesis of eye" is a broad SNOMED grouper for drainage/aspiration of any ocular structure; BZZ.JB.AA covers drainage of the eye NEC, a reasonable match for the unspecified-site concept though ICHI also has site-specific drainage codes.
363256003 (Paracentesis of female genital tract structure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)The SNOMED concept covers paracentesis of any female genital tract structure (ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, etc.), but ICHI has no single drainage/aspiration code at the female genital tract level — only structure-specific codes (e.g., NMA.JB.AE for ovary, NMH.JB.AE culdocentesis). The encompassing block "Interventions on female genital system" is the broadest available grouper and is wider than the SNOMED concept's procedural intent.
363257007 (Paracentesis of respiratory tract structure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JBA (Interventions on lower respiratory tract)The SNOMED concept spans any respiratory tract structure (trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleural cavity), but ICHI encodes drainage and aspiration only at the level of specific organs (e.g., JCB.JB.AE for pleural cavity, JBB.JB.AD for bronchus, JBF.JB.AE for lung). No single respiratory tract paracentesis code exists, so the closest overarching ICHI grouper is assigned; it is wider because it covers all respiratory interventions, not only drainage.
363258002 (Paracentesis of skin)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin)ICHI provides drainage codes for skin and subcutaneous tissue only by anatomical region (e.g., LAA.JB.AE head/neck, LAB.JB.AA trunk, LAE.JB.AA upper limb) with no single unifying "drainage of skin" code; the block "Interventions on skin" is the nearest available ICHI grouper and is wider than the specific SNOMED procedure.
429703007 (Paracervical uterine neurectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AC (Paracervical uterine denervation)"Paracervical uterine denervation" covers the same anatomical target and clinical intent (interruption of uterine pain nerve supply via the paracervical route) but "denervation" is semantically broader than "neurectomy," which specifically implies surgical excision or transection of a nerve. ICHI does not offer a more specific neurectomy code for this site.
287258006 (Parathyroid adenoma excision)maps to wider conceptEBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of parathyroid gland)Parathyroid adenomectomy involves removal of one or more adenomatous glands while typically sparing normal tissue, which best aligns with "partial excision"; however, the ICHI code does not specify adenoma as the indication and is slightly broader in scope than the SNOMED concept.
53304009 (Parathyroidectomy)maps to wider conceptEBB.JK.AA (Complete parathyroidectomy)"Parathyroidectomy" as a general SNOMED concept encompasses both partial and complete removal, while EBB.JK.AA specifically denotes complete (total) parathyroidectomy; the partial excision code EBB.JJ.AA also exists, so neither single ICHI code fully covers the unqualified SNOMED term, but EBB.JK.AA is the closest and most clinically representative default.
408914003 (Parenteral feeding management)maps to wider conceptPZA.DA.AF (Intravenous administration of nutritional substance)Parenteral feeding "management" in SNOMED encompasses the broader clinical oversight, monitoring, and adjustment of a parenteral nutrition regimen, which is more than the act of administration alone; PZA.DA.AF captures only the administration act, but no ICHI management-of-nutrition code exists, making it the best available approximation.
307174008 (Parotid duct papillotomy)maps to wider conceptKAM.FA.AA (Incision of salivary gland or duct)ICHI has no parotid-duct-specific papillotomy code; KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct (the parotid duct is one salivary duct), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the parotid (Stensen's) duct and the papillotomy technique.
277451006 (Part organ pancreatic transplant)maps to wider conceptKCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)KCO.KD.AA is the only open (non-percutaneous) pancreatic transplant code in ICHI and does not distinguish between whole-organ and partial/segmental pancreas transplantation; the SNOMED concept is specifically a part-organ (segmental) transplant, so the ICHI code is broader, encompassing both whole and partial transplants.
236213005 (Partial cystectomy with excision of urachal remnant)maps to wider conceptNAI.JJ.AA (Partial excision of bladder)NAI.JJ.AA captures the partial cystectomy component of this procedure but does not represent the concomitant excision of the urachal remnant, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept. No separate ICHI code exists for urachus excision, and the bladder is the primary target.
44478007 (Partial excision of bone of distal phalanx of finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JJ.AA covers partial bone excision within the hand and finger broadly; the SNOMED concept specifies the distal phalanx specifically, a level of anatomical precision not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
387659005 (Partial excision of lacrimal gland)maps to wider conceptBAD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.JJ.AA targets the lacrimal apparatus (the full system including gland, ducts, canaliculi, and sac), while the SNOMED concept is specific to the lacrimal gland alone; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
446309002 (Partial excision of meningioma)maps to wider conceptAAC.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cerebral meninges)A meningioma is a tumor arising from the meninges, so partial excision of a meningioma is clinically equivalent to partial excision of meningeal tissue; however, ICHI does not specify tumor type and applies to any partial meningeal resection, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
47726001 (Partial ischiectomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.JJ.AA (Other partial ostectomy of pelvis)The ischium is a specific bone of the pelvic ring, but ICHI has no ischium-specific code — the closest assignable category covers partial bone removal from the entire pelvic region. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses partial excision of any pelvic bone, not just the ischium.
438571006 (Partial lower thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using thoracolumbar approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.JJ.AA (Partial thoracic vertebrectomy)The SNOMED concept specifies a lower thoracic level corpectomy via a thoracolumbar approach with explicit neural decompression, but ICHI's partial thoracic vertebrectomy code covers the procedure without encoding surgical approach or the decompression component, making it broader.
440203008 (Partial lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using thoracolumbar approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)ICHI captures the partial lumbar vertebrectomy (corpectomy) at the correct anatomical level, but does not encode the thoracolumbar surgical approach or the explicit decompression of neural structures, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
440201005 (Partial lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using transperitoneal approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)The SNOMED concept specifies a transperitoneal (anterior) approach with neural decompression, distinctions not representable in the ICHI code; however, the target (lumbar vertebral body partial excision) is correctly captured by MBM.JJ.AA.
171997006 (Partial parathyroidectomy and parathyroid tissue transposition)maps to wider conceptEBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of parathyroid gland)The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining partial excision with autotransposition of parathyroid tissue (i.e., reimplantation into muscle), but ICHI only encodes the partial excision component; the transplant element is absent from the single code, so EBB.JJ.AA is broader and captures only part of the clinical procedure.
89758002 (Partial phalangectomy)maps to wider conceptMGB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger)ICHI MGB.JJ.AA covers partial bone excision of the hand or finger broadly (including phalanges), while the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to hand vs. foot and is specific to phalanx bones. The ICHI code is wider in that it encompasses all hand/finger bones, not exclusively phalanges.
428443007 (Partial removal of tension free vaginal tape)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra)ICHI lacks a specific code for partial removal of a suburethral sling or TVT; NAM.JD.AA (removal of an internal device from the urethra) is the closest anatomical match since the TVT tape is placed beneath the urethra, but it does not capture the partial nature of the removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
771565005 (Partial removal of transobturator tape)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra)Like the TVT, the transobturator tape (TOT) is a midurethral sling device; ICHI has no distinct code for TOT or for partial sling removal, so NAM.JD.AA is the best available match, though it is broader in that it does not distinguish partial removal or the transobturator route.
75743008 (Partial resection of vertebral component, spinous process of lumbar region)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)MBM.JJ.AA captures partial resection of the lumbar vertebra which aligns well with the procedure, but ICHI does not differentiate which vertebral component is resected; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the spinous process as the target, making the ICHI code broader.
439528008 (Partial thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord and nerve roots using transthoracic approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.JJ.AA (Partial thoracic vertebrectomy)MBG.JJ.AA correctly identifies a partial resection of the thoracic vertebra (corpectomy), but it does not encode the transthoracic surgical approach or the concurrent spinal cord and nerve root decompression; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this detailed SNOMED concept.
439770000 (Partial thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using extracavitary approach)maps to wider conceptMBG.JJ.AA (Partial thoracic vertebrectomy)MBG.JJ.AA covers partial removal of a thoracic vertebra (open approach), which captures the corpectomy component, but the ICHI code does not encode the concurrent spinal cord/nerve root decompression or the specific extracavitary (posterolateral/costotransversectomy) approach that are clinically defining features of the SNOMED concept.
229223006 (Participation in Tai Chi)maps to wider conceptSXC (Engaging in recreation and leisure)ICHI has no code specific to Tai Chi or mind-body exercise; SXC (engaging in recreation and leisure) is the closest match as the broadest parent target covering recreational physical activities, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically names Tai Chi as a distinct practice.
229224000 (Participation in yoga)maps to wider conceptSXC (Engaging in recreation and leisure)As with Tai Chi, ICHI has no code specific to yoga; SXC (engaging in recreation and leisure) is the best available match as the overarching target for recreational/mind-body activities, and is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically identifies yoga as the intervention.
439472009 (Passive cooling of patient)maps to wider conceptPZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)PZA.SE.ZZ covers cooling of central (core) body temperature regardless of method, which includes but is not limited to passive/external techniques; it does not distinguish passive (surface/non-invasive) from active invasive cooling, making it broader than the SNOMED concept specifying passive cooling specifically.
439719009 (Pasteurization)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no specific code for pasteurization as a heat-treatment process; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification, under the Interventions on food block) is the nearest available code and captures the concept of altering food to improve safety, but it is substantially broader, encompassing any form of food modification and not pasteurization specifically.
310625000 (Patch repair of adrenal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries are abdominal vessels, so IEA.ML.AA is the most anatomically specific available code; it is broader because it covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery by any method and does not capture the specific patch repair technique or the precise adrenal artery target, which has no dedicated ICHI category.
233390003 (Patch repair of arterial graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)Patch repair of an existing arterial graft (a synthetic or biological conduit) is a revision/maintenance procedure; IZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it does not distinguish repair of a native artery from repair of a prosthetic arterial graft, nor does it specify the patch technique.
310414003 (Patching of aortopulmonary window)maps to wider conceptHIN.MK.AA (Closure of aortopulmonary window)ICHI "Closure of aortopulmonary window" covers the same procedure but is broader — it encompasses all closure techniques (suture, device, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies patching as the particular technique used. The SNOMED concept is a subtype of the ICHI code.
243074007 (Patient associations education)maps to wider conceptUEK.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of associations and organisational services, systems and policies)UEK.PM.ZZ covers education about associations and organisational services broadly, which subsumes education about patient associations specifically; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of associations and organisational structures, not just patient-oriented ones.
698602003 (Patient controlled analgesia education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)Patient controlled analgesia is a specific medication delivery technique, and UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, which is broader; no ICHI code exists for education about a specific analgesic modality or device, making this the closest available code within the medications domain.
79779006 (Patient discharge, deceased, no autopsy)maps to wider conceptPZA.TH.ZZ (Post mortem care)ICHI's "Post mortem care" covers care of the deceased body but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates a discharge disposition of death without autopsy. No ICHI code exists for the administrative act of documenting or executing a discharge of a deceased patient, nor for the absence of autopsy; "Post mortem care" is the closest clinical intervention applicable to a deceased whole body.
89334003 (Patient discharge, deceased, to anatomic board)maps to wider conceptPZA.TH.ZZ (Post mortem care)As with the previous concept, ICHI contains no code for the administrative discharge disposition of transferring a deceased patient's body to an anatomical board or donor programme; "Post mortem care" under the whole-body interventions block is the nearest available clinical anchor, but it does not capture the organ/tissue donation or administrative transfer aspect.
385817007 (Patient feeding technique education)maps to wider conceptSMF.PM.ZZ (Education about eating)"Education about eating" in ICHI covers education about the eating activity broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies education about feeding technique — a more focused instructional act on the method or approach to feeding. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
238692003 (Patient observation over time)maps to wider conceptPZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering observation of the whole person without reference to a specific body system or function, which broadly encompasses longitudinal patient observation. However, the ICHI code does not specifically encode the temporal dimension ("over time") that is central to the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically wider.
12386002 (Patient status determination)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Patient status determination" refers to evaluating a patient's overall clinical condition to inform care decisions, which maps best to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — assessment of the whole person). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any general health assessment, while the SNOMED concept implies a more specific administrative or clinical determination of patient status (e.g., for admission, triage, or level-of-care purposes).
25675004 (Patient transfer to skilled nursing facility (SNF))maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)Transfer to a skilled nursing facility is operationally a referral/transition to another level of care provider, making UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any referral to any health provider, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the SNF setting and the physical act of transferring the patient there.
37729005 (Patient transfer, in-hospital)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the physical act of transporting a person, which encompasses in-hospital patient transfer, but it is broader — it applies to any transport of a person in any setting, not specifically within a hospital. No ICHI code captures the in-hospital specificity of this SNOMED concept.
19712007 (Patient transfer, to another health care facility)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the closest ICHI concept covering the organizational act of directing a patient to another health care provider or facility, but it is broader than the specific act of physical transfer — a referral may or may not involve an actual transfer, and the ICHI code does not distinguish between intra- and inter-facility transfers.
397160002 (Paul-Mikulicz operation)maps to wider conceptKBP.JJ.AA (Partial excision of colon)The Paul-Mikulicz operation is a staged partial colectomy with exteriorization of both bowel ends as a double-barrel colostomy, which is a form of partial colon excision; ICHI has no code specific to this eponymous staged technique, so KBP.JJ.AA (open partial excision of colon) is the closest match but is broader, not capturing the double-barrel stoma or staged nature of the procedure.
399193003 (PCR test for Chlamydia trachomatis)maps to wider conceptXG7T46 (Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections)XG7T46 explicitly covers Chlamydia trachomatis detection, making it the best available match; however it bundles Chlamydia with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and does not specify PCR/nucleic acid methodology, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
399191001 (PCR test for Herpes simplex)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)ICHI has no code specific to Herpes simplex virus; XG4U02 covers any viral NAAT/PCR procedure and is the most accurate available code, but it is considerably broader, encompassing all viral nucleic acid amplification tests rather than HSV-specific PCR.
399150003 (PCR test for SARS)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)XG4U02 is the closest ICHI code covering nucleic acid amplification (which includes PCR) for viral detection. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all viruses rather than being specific to SARS coronavirus, and does not encode the PCR technique explicitly.
1255003003 (Peanut free diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.WF.ZZ (Restrictions concerning the consumption of certain foods or beverages, not elsewhere classified)A peanut-free diet is a restriction on the consumption of a specific food item, which fits structurally within VEA.WF.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the allergen or substance restricted; no more specific ICHI code for allergen-exclusion diets exists.
91161007 (Pedal pulse taking)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)Palpation of the pedal pulse (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial) is a clinical assessment of peripheral arterial blood vessel function, which falls under ITB.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all blood vessel function assessments without specifying the lower-limb location, the pedal arteries, or the palpation technique.
423479002 (Pediatric admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)A pediatric admission assessment is a comprehensive initial health evaluation of a child on hospital admission, which maps best to the whole-person general health assessment in ICHI. The code is broader because ICHI does not encode the pediatric age group, the admission context, or the clinical setting.
700420000 (Pediatric inpatient care management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)ICHI has no concept for inpatient or pediatric-specific care management; "Case coordination" (PZB.TD.ZZ) is the closest structural match covering the coordination and management of a patient's care episode, but it is broader in that it applies to any setting and any age group, not specifically inpatient pediatric contexts.
424322004 (Pediatric rehabilitation admission assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specific to rehabilitation admission assessment or to pediatric patients; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the best available match as it represents a whole-person assessment, but it is broader — it does not capture the rehabilitation context, the admission-specific timing, or the pediatric population.
422847008 (Pediatric rehabilitation continuous assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)As with the admission assessment above, ICHI lacks any code for ongoing/continuous rehabilitation assessment or for pediatric-specific encounters; "General health assessment" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, capturing neither the longitudinal/continuous nature of the assessment nor the rehabilitation or pediatric specificity.
736771008 (Pediatric surgery care)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a code representing the overall care surrounding a surgical procedure (pre-, intra-, and post-operative care as a bundle) nor one scoped to pediatric patients; "Health management encounter, unspecified" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ) is the closest residual whole-person encounter code, but it is substantially broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept.
700415000 (Pediatric surgery care management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)The management/coordination dimension of this concept aligns most closely with "Case coordination" (PZB.TD.ZZ), which covers the planning and coordination of an individual's care, but ICHI does not distinguish surgical specialty care management or the pediatric population, making this a broader match.
176341004 (Pedicle flap urethroplasty)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Pedicle flap urethroplasty is a specific reconstructive technique using a pedicled tissue flap; NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction but does not specify the pedicle flap technique.
1186994002 (Pedicle myocutaneous flap to eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the eyelid but does not specify the myocutaneous pedicle flap technique.
822997001 (Pedicle vascularized bone graft to iliac crest)maps to wider conceptMKB.ML.AA (Bone graft to pelvis)MKB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the pelvic region (which includes the iliac crest) but does not distinguish the iliac crest specifically nor the vascularized/pedicle graft technique.
119608007 (Pelvis incision)maps to wider conceptMKB.FB.AA (Division of bone of pelvis)"Pelvis incision" is a broad, unqualified concept; "Division of bone of pelvis" is the closest available ICHI code but implies a bony target whereas the SNOMED term does not specify tissue type.
119622007 (Pelvis manipulation)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of pelvic region)ICHI's code covers manipulation of the joint of the pelvic region, the most clinically plausible interpretation of "pelvis manipulation"; the SNOMED concept is unqualified and could encompass other tissue manipulation.
29437002 (Pemberton osteotomy operation of ilium)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)ICHI codes osteotomy at the level of "pelvis" without distinguishing the ilium or the eponymous Pemberton technique.
1156667005 (Penicillamine therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no drug-specific pharmacotherapy codes; PZA.DB.AZ covers any pharmacotherapy administration regardless of route, broader than the SNOMED concept.
704136000 (Penile care management)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)Penile care falls under the ICHI self-care domain's "caring for body parts" activity; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any body part.
236359005 (Penile revascularization for impotence)maps to wider conceptNGM.LI.AA (Revascularisation of penis)NGM.LI.AA captures penile revascularization precisely but the SNOMED concept also specifies the clinical indication (impotence), making the ICHI code slightly broader.
108047008 (Penis destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNGM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of penis)The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any destructive procedure on the penis; NGM.GA.AA specifies destruction of a lesion but is the closest available ICHI code.
252210001 (Pentagastrin stimulation test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The pentagastrin stimulation test is a pharmacological provocation test for gastric acid secretion; KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest digestive function test code but encompasses all unspecified digestive function tests.
252211002 (Pentolinium suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The pentolinium suppression test is used to diagnose pheochromocytoma; ICHI has no code for this specific drug-based test, so the broad endocrine assessment category is the nearest match.
75180006 (Percussion)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)Percussion is a specific physical examination technique; ICHI has no dedicated percussion code, so the broadest applicable match is "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified."
443084006 (Percutaneous ablation of trigeminal nerve using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)AAN.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any cranial nerve by any means; ICHI does not specify the trigeminal nerve or fluoroscopic guidance.
236175002 (Percutaneous adjustment of ureteric stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.SN.AC (Management of internal device of ureter)NAE.SN.AC covers management (including adjustment) of any internal ureteric device; it does not encode the percutaneous approach and encompasses other management actions.
276192004 (Percutaneous aspiration of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)ICHI uses the broader action "drainage" (JB) rather than specifically "aspiration"; the target (kidney) and approach (percutaneous) match exactly.
431544002 (Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of dialysis fistula using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)ICHI has no specific code for thrombectomy of a dialysis fistula; "Management of arteriovenous shunt" is the closest match but covers any management action.
443080002 (Percutaneous balloon compression of trigeminal nerve using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptAAN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve)ICHI has no dedicated code for percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal nerve; AAN.GA.AE is the best available match but covers all cranial nerves and all percutaneous destructive modalities.
177106002 (Percutaneous biopsy of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.AD.AD (Biopsy of fetal structures)NMR.AD.AD covers biopsy of fetal structures broadly without specifying the percutaneous approach.
609236006 (Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support)maps to wider conceptPSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)PSA.DD.AF encodes cardiopulmonary bypass in general without specifying the percutaneous route of cannulation.
426713000 (Percutaneous chemical ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a liver lesion but encompasses all destruction modalities rather than chemical ablation specifically.
426143006 (Percutaneous chemical ablation of lesion of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)No ICHI code for percutaneous destruction of pancreatic lesion exists; KCO.GA.AA omits the percutaneous approach and encompasses all destruction modalities.
390935004 (Percutaneous coil embolization of cerebral artery aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)ICHI captures the endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery but does not distinguish the coil technique or the aneurysm as the specific target.
868245005 (Percutaneous coronary intervention of left coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent)ICHI does not distinguish left from right coronary artery; HIA.LH.AF best represents the predominant clinical content of PCI.
868248007 (Percutaneous coronary intervention of right coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent)ICHI does not differentiate coronary artery laterality; HIA.LH.AF covers PCI of both left and right coronary artery.
609168009 (Percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of kidney using computed tomography guidance)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE precisely encodes percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion; ICHI does not capture the cryoablation technique or CT guidance.
765474002 (Percutaneous cryotherapy of neoplasm of left kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE matches target, action, and percutaneous approach but does not encode cryotherapy modality or laterality (left).
765475001 (Percutaneous cryotherapy of neoplasm of right kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE matches target, action, and percutaneous approach but does not encode cryotherapy modality or laterality (right).
1268345006 (Percutaneous drainage of lymphatic system using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptDFO.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of lymphatic vessel)DFO.JB.AE matches percutaneous drainage of the lymphatic vessel; broader because the SNOMED concept covers the full lymphatic system (including nodes), and imaging guidance is not encoded.
240926008 (Percutaneous embolectomy)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JE.AF covers endovascular extraction of any arterial obstruction; broader because it covers all obstructions (not just emboli) and is site-agnostic.
431559008 (Percutaneous embolization of artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept adds fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, which is not captured in the ICHI means axis.
432432001 (Percutaneous embolization of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches)The mesenteric vein is anatomically a branch of the portal venous system; the ICHI code covers all portal vein branches and does not capture fluoroscopic guidance.
609149006 (Percutaneous embolization of splenic vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIEF.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches)The splenic vein is a direct tributary of the portal vein; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all portal vein branches and omits fluoroscopic guidance detail.
276929004 (Percutaneous endarterectomy of superior mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery; ICHI has no SMA-specific code, and the means axis is open rather than percutaneous.
700212000 (Percutaneous endoscopic excision of lumbar intervertebral disc using laser)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AB (Endoscopic lumbar discectomy)The ICHI code captures endoscopic lumbar discectomy but not the laser instrument or the percutaneous endoscopic combined approach.
241023006 (Percutaneous evacuation of wound seroma)maps to wider conceptLAB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no seroma-specific code; the chosen code covers all subcutaneous fluid drainage from the trunk regardless of fluid type or wound origin.
1269438004 (Percutaneous examination of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure)The only generic fetal assessment code in ICHI; the means axis is unspecified and does not capture the percutaneous approach.
360345002 (Percutaneous excisional biopsy of nerve ganglion)maps to wider conceptACA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of peripheral nerve)ICHI captures percutaneous peripheral nerve biopsy but does not specify excisional technique or restrict to ganglion.
42041003 (Percutaneous extraction of kidney stone with fragmentation procedure)maps to wider conceptNAA.JE.AE (Percutaneous extraction of calculus of kidney)Captures percutaneous extraction of renal calculus but does not encode the fragmentation/lithotripsy component.
711508007 (Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)ICHI does not distinguish FNA from core/other percutaneous biopsy techniques nor capture imaging guidance.
442914007 (Percutaneous fixation of fracture of neck of femur)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur)ICHI does not subdivide the femur into anatomical regions; the code captures site, approach, and hardware-insertion nature but is broader than the neck-of-femur fracture context.
609152003 (Percutaneous insertion of stent into aneurysm of coronary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHIA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent)Standard ICHI code for percutaneous coronary stent insertion but does not capture the aneurysm indication or fluoroscopic guidance.
443229009 (Percutaneous insertion of stent into major aortopulmonary collateral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIDM.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation and stent placement in systemic to pulmonary collateral artery)Precise target and stent placement match; slightly broader as it includes balloon dilatation and omits fluoroscopic-with-contrast guidance.
431596004 (Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of pulmonary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHID.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from pulmonary artery)Matches target and action precisely; slightly wider as it does not specify percutaneous mechanical technique or fluoroscopic guidance.
431742000 (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptNAA.JE.AB (Percutaneous endoscopic extraction of calculus from kidney)Captures the percutaneous endoscopic approach for renal calculus removal but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component.
429223009 (Percutaneous photodynamic therapy of lesion of bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCM.GA.AF (Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts)ICHI does not distinguish photodynamic therapy as a specific destruction modality; the code includes any percutaneous destructive technique.
236156007 (Percutaneous puncture of renal collecting system)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)The closest ICHI code captures percutaneous renal access but implies an ongoing drainage intent rather than the puncture act alone.
432396001 (Percutaneous pyeloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptNAB.MK.AA (Pyeloplasty)Dedicated pyeloplasty code matches the core procedure but does not specify percutaneous approach or fluoroscopic guidance.
426697007 (Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)Captures percutaneous destruction of renal lesion precisely but does not specify radiofrequency energy modality.
426987001 (Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung)Matches target, action, and approach but does not specify radiofrequency as the energy modality.
1144494006 (Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)Correctly encodes percutaneous thyroid destruction but means axis does not specify radiofrequency; covers other modalities like ethanol injection or microwave.
174678009 (Percutaneous removal of calculus from bile duct along T tube track)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AF (Percutaneous extraction of calculus from bile duct)Matches percutaneous approach and bile duct calculus extraction but does not capture the specific anatomical T-tube track route.
432945008 (Percutaneous removal of calculus from biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AF (Percutaneous extraction of calculus from bile duct)Bile duct is the principal biliary tract component but the ICHI code does not capture fluoroscopic guidance; "biliary tract" could also encompass gallbladder.
708966001 (Percutaneous removal of cardiac pacemaker electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Captures percutaneous transluminal removal but the ICHI code refers to the full pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than specifically an electrode/lead.
277992006 (Percutaneous removal of foreign body from intracranial artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)The IAA block lacks a JD action code; NEC artery residual is broader in target specificity (any artery vs intracranial) and does not encode the percutaneous approach.
277997000 (Percutaneous removal of foreign body from pulmonary artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)The pulmonary artery block (HID) lacks a JD code; NEC artery code covers any artery rather than specifically the pulmonary artery.
277989007 (Percutaneous removal of foreign body from vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)Matches target and action; SNOMED concept also uses broad "vein" term aligning with NEC vein code, but ICHI does not encode percutaneous approach.
236153004 (Percutaneous removal of renal lesion)maps to wider conceptNAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney)Captures excision of a renal lesion; no NAA.JI.AE percutaneous variant exists in ICHI. Approach is unspecified rather than percutaneous.
236174003 (Percutaneous removal of ureteric stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter)Stent is an internal device; ICHI has only transurethral and unspecified-approach variants and no percutaneous-specific code.
441873006 (Percutaneous replacement of aortic valve using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHDE.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter aortic valve replacement)HDE.DN.AF specifies the percutaneous transluminal transcatheter approach used in TAVI/TAVR, which inherently relies on fluoroscopic guidance; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance as a modality, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept that calls out fluoroscopy.
442525005 (Percutaneous replacement of pulmonary valve using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHDG.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement)HDG.DN.AF is a direct match for the PPVI procedure (percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement), differing only in that the ICHI code does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept.
443381006 (Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformation using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptDFO.LA.AF (Percutaneous occlusion of lymphatic vessel)Sclerotherapy achieves occlusion of the lymphatic malformation by chemical destruction, so DFO.LA.AF captures the percutaneous approach and the occlusion outcome; however, the ICHI code does not specify the sclerosant technique, the malformation pathology, or fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the precise SNOMED concept.
438895001 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of carpometacarpal joint with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)The SNOMED concept specifies both closed reduction (manipulation) and percutaneous skeletal fixation (e.g., K-wire), while ICHI MGJ.LD.AH captures only the closed reduction of a hand/finger joint without encoding the concurrent percutaneous internal fixation. The carpometacarpal joint is a hand joint within the MGJ block, so the target axis is correct but the action/means combination is broader than the SNOMED procedure.
438561009 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of interphalangeal joint of foot with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe)The SNOMED concept combines manipulation (closed reduction) with percutaneous skeletal fixation of the interphalangeal joint of the foot; ICHI MOJ.LD.AH covers only closed reduction of any joint of the foot or toe without specifying the percutaneous internal fixation component, making it broader than the SNOMED procedure.
439834005 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of finger or hand joint)The metacarpophalangeal joint is a finger/hand joint correctly captured by the MGJ target axis, but ICHI MGJ.LD.AH encodes only the closed reduction (manipulation) element and does not represent the additional percutaneous skeletal fixation step that distinguishes this SNOMED concept.
439869007 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of metatarsophalangeal joint with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe)The metatarsophalangeal joint is a foot/toe joint within the MOJ block, and MOJ.LD.AH correctly reflects the closed reduction (manipulation) component, but ICHI does not encode the concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation, so the ICHI code is broader than the full SNOMED procedure.
439870008 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of talocalcaneonavicular joint with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe)The talocalcaneonavicular joint is an intertarsal joint of the foot, falling within the MOJ block; MOJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction/manipulation but not the percutaneous skeletal fixation element, so the ICHI code represents a broader procedure than the SNOMED concept.
438560005 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of distal dislocation of radius and ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of forearm)MFB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device implantation (fixation hardware) into the forearm bones (radius and ulna), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not encode the concurrent dislocation reduction component, nor does it specify the distal location or dislocation context.
439266007 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of fracture of phalangeal shaft with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMGB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of hand or finger)MGB.DN.AE correctly targets phalangeal (hand/finger) bone and encodes the percutaneous device implantation (skeletal fixation), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the fracture context, the shaft specificity, or the manipulation (closed reduction) that precedes fixation.
239569001 (Percutaneous spinal facet joint denervation)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)Facet joint denervation is performed by percutaneously destroying the medial branch of the spinal nerve root supplying the facet joint, which aligns well with ABN.GA.AE; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any spinal nerve root destruction and does not specify the facet joint target or the radiofrequency/thermal technique typically used.
439541007 (Percutaneous thrombectomy of cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIAA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from intracranial artery)IAA.JE.AF maps well to this concept — endovascular (percutaneous) extraction of obstruction (thrombectomy) from the intracranial artery (cerebral artery) — but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any obstruction type and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium that the SNOMED concept specifies.
276982006 (Percutaneous thrombectomy of iliofemoral vein zone)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The iliofemoral vein spans both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb (femoral) segments; ICHI has no dedicated iliofemoral code, and no thrombectomy code exists under the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED), so IFD.JE.AF is the best anatomical fit covering the femoral component via an endovascular/percutaneous approach. ICHI is broader because it covers all lower limb veins and does not distinguish the iliofemoral zone.
233338007 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of common femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb)The common femoral artery is a lower limb artery, the action is thrombolysis, and the means AF encodes the endovascular/percutaneous approach — all three ICHI axes align well. ICHI is broader because it covers all arteries of the lower limb, not specifically the common femoral artery.
240935001 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of hepatic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated hepatic artery thrombolysis code; IEA.DB.AF covers thrombolysis of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which includes the hepatic artery, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The percutaneous approach (means AF) is correctly captured.
233431002 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of iliofemoral vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific iliofemoral or lower-limb vein thrombolysis code — the lower limb vein block (IFD) lacks a thrombolysis entry entirely — so the residual IZD.DB.AF (thrombolysis of vein, NEC) is the best available match, capturing the action and percutaneous means but broader in anatomical scope.
431435001 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of portal vein using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIEF.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches)IEF.DB.AF matches well on target (portal vein) and action (thrombolysis/DB via percutaneous means AF), but extends to "and branches" beyond the single vessel specified in SNOMED, and the fluoroscopic guidance detail is not encoded separately in ICHI's means axis.
433240003 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of pulmonary artery using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHID.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of pulmonary artery)HID.DB.AF matches precisely on target (pulmonary artery) and action (thrombolysis) with the percutaneous means axis (AF), but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance detail that SNOMED specifies, making ICHI slightly broader in that one respect.
431302007 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of renal artery using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIEA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery)The renal artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.DB.AF captures the thrombolysis action and correct anatomical region. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated renal artery thrombolysis code, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept; additionally, ICHI's means axis (.AF = percutaneous transluminal) does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance.
609301009 (Percutaneous thrombolysis of vein of transplanted pancreas using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZD.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for thrombolysis of pancreatic veins, so the residual code IZD.DB.AF (vein, NEC) is the closest match; it is broader as it does not capture the transplanted-organ context or fluoroscopic guidance, and the transplant aspect (vein of a transplanted organ) has no ICHI representation.
429092001 (Percutaneous transhepatic sampling of portal venous blood)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI has no code specific to portal venous blood sampling or any sampling code within the portal vein block (IEF); the closest available code DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection generically, losing both the anatomical target (portal vein) and the percutaneous transhepatic route.
441754003 (Percutaneous transhepatic transplantation of pancreatic islet cells using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptEBD.KD.AF (Transplantation of cells of Islets of Langerhans)EBD.KD.AF matches the procedure type (islet cell transplantation, percutaneous route — means AF) but does not encode the transhepatic delivery route or the fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
428581004 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of accessory pathway)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)HFC.GA.AF covers percutaneous transluminal ablation of the cardiac conduction system as a whole; the SNOMED concept targets only the accessory pathway (e.g., a WPW bypass tract), which is a specific sub-structure, so ICHI is broader.
431759005 (Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)Atherectomy is mechanically captured by "endovascular extraction of obstruction" (action JE, means AF), but the ICHI code is body-site unspecified (NEC) and does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a specific guidance modality.
68457009 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty using imaging guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code correctly encodes percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an artery (action LG = dilatation, means AF = percutaneous transluminal), but it is body-site unspecified and does not capture the imaging guidance with contrast detail specified in the SNOMED concept.
175872000 (Percutaneous transluminal cannulation of vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI action DL (insertion of device) encompasses cannula/catheter insertion into a vein via a percutaneous transluminal approach (AF), matching the procedure intent; however, the code is vein-site unspecified (NEC) and "insertion of device" is slightly broader than the specific act of cannulation.
609235005 (Percutaneous transluminal closure of systemic to pulmonary collateral artery)maps to wider conceptIDM.LA.AA (Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion)IDM.LA.AA precisely targets systemic-to-pulmonary collateral artery occlusion (MAPCA closure), matching the anatomical target and the occlusion/closure intent exactly; however, the ICHI code does not specify the percutaneous transluminal approach (means axis is AA = open/unspecified), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names the percutaneous transluminal route.
609162005 (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of branched stent graft into aorta)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)HIH.DL.AF captures percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which aligns with the approach and general action of BEVAR/branched endovascular aortic repair; however, it does not specify a stent graft (vs. other devices), does not encode the branched configuration, and is limited to the abdominal aorta while the SNOMED concept refers to the aorta generally.
609161003 (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of fenestrated stent graft into aorta)maps to wider conceptHIH.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta)As with BEVAR, HIH.DL.AF is the closest ICHI match for FEVAR (fenestrated endovascular aortic repair) — it captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and device insertion into the abdominal aorta, but does not encode the fenestrated stent graft specificity or account for cases where the target is the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta.
609163000 (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into hepatic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)IEA.LH.AF is the best available match — it covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into abdominal/pelvic arteries including the hepatic artery, and the action axis LH encodes dilatation with device insertion consistent with stenting; however, it applies to the broader abdominal/pelvic artery category rather than the hepatic artery specifically, and bundles dilatation with the insertion rather than treating stent placement alone.
427704009 (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of subcutaneous port)maps to wider conceptIZD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code captures the same approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (insertion of device into vein) but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific device type (subcutaneous/implantable port) or specify the target vessel. No more specific ICHI code for subcutaneous port insertion exists.
429256005 (Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of long saphenous vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the great/long saphenous vein; the closest match captures the same approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (destruction/ablation of vein) but is broader because it does not specify the saphenous vein target or the laser means.
609166008 (Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of varicose vein of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIZD.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for varicose veins of the lower limb, so the NEC percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein is the best available match, losing specificity on both the target (varicose vein, lower limb) and the means (laser).
175130004 (Percutaneous transluminal mapping of conducting system of heart)maps to wider conceptHFC.AF.AF (Electrophysiological study of heart)Intracardiac electrophysiological mapping of the conducting system is the core clinical purpose of an electrophysiological study, but HFC.AF.AF is broader — it encompasses the full EP study (including pacing manoeuvres and arrhythmia induction), not solely the mapping component, and does not encode the percutaneous transluminal approach in its means axis.
1370891009 (Percutaneous transluminal mechanical closure of left auricular appendage using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptHAA.LA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of left atrial appendage)HAA.LA.AF matches well on target (left atrial appendage), action (occlusion/closure), and approach (percutaneous transluminal), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the means (mechanical device) or the imaging guidance modality (fluoroscopy with contrast); these details would need ICHI extension codes to fully represent.
1230010003 (Percutaneous transluminal procedure on blood vessel)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZE (Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering any percutaneous transluminal procedure on any blood vessel. No single ICHI assignable category code covers this breadth, so the organisational block BlockL5-IZE is the best structural anchor; it is broader than any individual procedure and appropriately captures the residual/unclassified nature of the concept.
287811008 (Perforated peptic ulcer closure)maps to wider conceptKBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)A perforated peptic ulcer closure is a specific repair targeting a perforation caused by a peptic ulcer in the stomach (or duodenum), while KBF.MK.AA covers any repair of the stomach without specifying the nature or cause of the defect. No more specific ICHI code exists for peptic ulcer perforation closure.
1230126004 (Performing dressing activity for full body of subject)maps to wider conceptSME.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of dressing the person)SME.RA.ZZ captures the act of performing dressing for a person, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not specify "full body" as opposed to partial body, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which distinguishes full-body dressing.
1230129006 (Performing dressing activity for partial body of subject)maps to wider conceptSME.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of dressing the person)SME.RA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for performing the dressing task on a person, but it does not distinguish between full-body and partial-body dressing, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically refers to partial body dressing.
6872008 (Perfusion chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no dedicated code for perfusion chemotherapy (intra-arterial or isolated-limb circuit delivery of cytotoxic agents). PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route across the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the perfusion technique and the oncological indication.
287673002 (Perianal cauterization)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)Cauterization is one specific means of tissue destruction, but KBX.GA.AC encodes destruction of anal/perianal tissue without specifying the technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names cauterization explicitly; this is still the closest available ICHI match.
235359002 (Perianal region operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBX (Interventions on anus and anal canal)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the perianal region, which maps best to the ICHI organisational block for all interventions on the anus and anal canal; no single assignable category code covers the full scope of the concept, so the block-level code is appropriate.
45918000 (Pericardioplasty)maps to wider conceptHFF.MK.AA (Repair of pericardium)"Pericardioplasty" connotes a reconstructive or plastic repair of the pericardium, which falls within the scope of "Repair of pericardium," but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any form of pericardial repair and is not limited to reconstructive plasty procedures.
120207001 (Perineum destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum)ICHI has no dedicated destruction code for the perineum (unlike the vulva, which has NMI.GA.AA), and the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category-level procedure grouping; the block BlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum) is the best available match, though it is wider as it encompasses all perineal interventions, not only destructive ones.
120210008 (Perineum manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum)There is no specific "manipulation of perineum" category code in ICHI — the PAW block contains only excision, drainage, repair, biopsy, and pelvic floor stimulation codes. The block code "Interventions on perineum" is the best available fit, covering the target body part but not specifying the manipulation action.
234677007 (Periodontal operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum)ICHI has no "periodontal" terminology; the periodontium (gingiva and supporting structures) is represented under the gum block KAG. "Periodontal operation" is an unspecified category of procedures, and BlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum) is the closest structural match, though it covers only gingival targets and not the full periodontium.
1285534001 (Periodontal procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum)ICHI has no specific "periodontal procedure" category; BlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum) is the best available grouping, encompassing excision, repair, gingivoplasty, and other gum-targeted interventions that overlap with periodontal procedures, but the block is broader and does not precisely represent the full scope of periodontal care.
1354650003 (Perioperative evaluation of cardiac status)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly and is a reasonable match for evaluating cardiac status, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to the perioperative context and encompasses all cardiovascular function assessment.
1360007002 (Perioperative evaluation of endocrine system)maps to wider conceptEZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified)EZZ.AA.ZZ captures assessment of the endocrine system as a whole, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's target organ system; it is wider because it is not scoped to the perioperative setting and the NEC qualifier means it also serves as a catch-all for endocrine assessments not classified elsewhere.
446480004 (Perioperative evaluation of gastrointestinal tract)maps to wider conceptKTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)KTE.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for evaluating the gastrointestinal system, covering assessment of digestive functions; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it addresses functional assessment of the entire digestive system rather than being restricted to perioperative evaluation.
447486003 (Perioperative evaluation of musculoskeletal system)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly, which subsumes the perioperative evaluation context; however, ICHI has no perioperative-specific qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any clinical setting, not exclusively the perioperative period.
1360006006 (Perioperative evaluation of nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI equivalent — a neurological assessment of the nervous system NEC — but it is not constrained to the perioperative period, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the SNOMED concept.
54334009 (Periosteal suture)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI code exists specifically for suturing the periosteum. The periosteum is a fibrous connective tissue membrane, so repair of unspecified soft tissue is the closest available code, but it covers any soft tissue site rather than the periosteum specifically.
181021005 (Periosteotomy)maps to wider conceptMRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI code for incision of the periosteum exists; the periosteum is a connective tissue/soft tissue structure, so incision of unspecified soft tissue is the best structural equivalent, though it is anatomically nonspecific and broader in scope.
231120008 (Peripheral nerve neurostimulator electrode procedures)maps to wider conceptACA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into peripheral nerve)The SNOMED concept covers a group of procedures involving neurostimulator electrodes (insertion, revision, removal), while ACA.DL.AA captures only the insertion action; no single ICHI code represents the full procedural group.
46779000 (Peripheral neuroplasty)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Neuroplasty refers to surgical reshaping or reconstruction of a nerve (which can include decompression, grafting, or repair), while ACA.MK.AA covers repair broadly but does not fully capture all neuroplasty variants such as grafting (ACA.ML.AA) or release (ACA.FC.AA).
424411004 (Peripheral pulse taking)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for peripheral pulse palpation; HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest match as peripheral pulse taking is a clinical assessment of cardiovascular function, but the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all forms of cardiovascular function assessment rather than this specific bedside measurement.
134379001 (Peripheral vascular disease monitoring)maps to wider conceptITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions)ICHI has no specific code for monitoring peripheral vascular disease; ITB.AA.ZZ covers the functional domain of peripheral vessel evaluation but is broader, encompassing all blood vessel function assessments rather than targeting peripheral vascular disease specifically.
5091004 (Peripheral vascular disease study)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)A "peripheral vascular disease study" is a diagnostic evaluation of peripheral vessel function (e.g., ABI, plethysmography); ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI match but is broader in scope as it covers any vascular function measurement, not specifically a peripheral vascular disease-focused diagnostic study.
103771005 (Peripheral vein renin stimulation panel)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)A peripheral vein renin stimulation panel involves collecting venous blood samples to measure renin levels under stimulation conditions; ICHI has no code for renin sampling or hormonal panels, so DIA.AH.XA captures the core procedural action but loses the specific anatomical site, the stimulation component, and the analyte.
73257006 (Peritoneal dialysis catheter maintenance)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)ICHI has no specific code for peritoneal dialysis catheter maintenance as a distinct activity; KMA.JC.AE is the closest match covering the broader procedure, but the SNOMED concept specifically denotes maintenance of the catheter used for peritoneal dialysis — a narrower, device-care activity that ICHI does not separately classify.
14684005 (Peritoneal dialysis excluding cannulation)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE directly represents peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly excludes the cannulation component, while the ICHI code covers peritoneal dialysis without that distinction, making the ICHI code slightly broader in scope.
21619009 (Permanent tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)ICHI codes tracheostomy as a single procedure (JBA.LI.AA) without distinguishing permanent from temporary; the permanence intent encoded in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code broader.
445428001 (Person centered counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for counselling delivered at the whole-person level, but it does not encode the person-centered (Rogerian/client-centered) therapeutic modality that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
105389006 (Personal care assistance at home)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)UCH.RG.ZZ captures the provision of personal care support services, which aligns with the core meaning of this concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the home setting and operates at the level of the support-provider relationship rather than the recipient's home-based care.
704443002 (Personal grooming procedure)maps to wider conceptSMC.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of caring for body parts)ICHI's "Caring for body parts" (SMC.RA.ZZ) encompasses grooming activities such as hair care, nail care, skin care, and dental hygiene, which aligns well with personal grooming, but it is broader as it also covers wound care and other body-part maintenance beyond grooming alone.
16545811000119100 (PET myocardial metabolism study)maps to wider conceptHFD.BA.BG (Positron emission computerised tomography of myocardium)HFD.BA.BG covers PET of the myocardium in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a metabolic PET study (e.g., FDG-PET for viability assessment), which is a more granular functional variant; thus the ICHI code is wider than this specific metabolic imaging procedure.
241443006 (PET study for localization of tumor)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BG (Positron emission tomography of whole body)ICHI codes PET only by anatomical target (brain, lymphatic vessel, pituitary, whole body) with no oncology-specific or localisation-purpose variant; whole-body PET is the characteristic scan used for tumour localisation but the ICHI code is broader.
415089008 (Phacoemulsification of cataract with intraocular lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AE (Phacoemulsification of lens)The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (phacoemulsification plus IOL insertion), while ICHI encodes only the phacoemulsification step here; the IOL insertion is a separate code (BBF.ML.AA), so this single ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the additional IOL implantation component.
439246003 (Phalangectomy of toe)maps to wider conceptMOB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of bone of foot or toe)ICHI has no dedicated phalanx-of-toe code; the closest code covers total excision of any bone of the foot or toe, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies removal of a toe phalanx specifically.
405784000 (Pharmacological assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI does not have a dedicated pharmacological assessment code in the clinical interventions sense; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest generic clinical assessment code, but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns evaluating pharmacological agents in relation to a patient.
287416006 (Pharyngeal atresia correction)maps to wider conceptKAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)ICHI has no code specific to correction of pharyngeal atresia (a congenital anomaly); KAR.MK.AA is the closest structural match in the oropharynx block and would encompass this corrective repair, but it is broader as it covers any repair of the oral pharynx regardless of aetiology or anatomical subtype.
172946000 (Pharyngoplasty using posterior pharyngeal flap)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)KAR.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral pharynx in general, which encompasses pharyngoplasty using a posterior pharyngeal flap as one technique; however, ICHI does not distinguish flap-based reconstruction from other reconstructive approaches, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
59196003 (Pharyngoplasty with silastic implant)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)KAR.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for silastic (silicone) implant-based pharyngoplasty, but ICHI provides no separate code for implant-augmented reconstruction versus flap-based or other reconstructive techniques, making the match broader and inexact.
119876009 (Pharynx closure)maps to wider conceptKAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)KAR.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for pharyngeal closure/suture, as the MK action axis represents repair; however, it is broader because ICHI does not have a specific "closure" code, and the oropharynx target may not capture all pharyngeal sub-sites.
107923001 (Pharynx destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptKAR.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx)KAR.GA.AA matches the destructive intent of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED term is a high-level grouper concept covering all pharyngeal destructive procedures (including nasopharynx and hypopharynx) while the ICHI code is scoped to the oropharynx only.
50157002 (Phlebectomy with anastomosis of upper limb vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ICD (Interventions on vein of upper limb)ICHI has no category code for phlebectomy or vein excision with anastomosis of the upper limb; the closest is the organisational block covering all interventions on the upper limb vein. The block is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
73369001 (Phlebectomy with graft replacement of head and neck)maps to wider conceptIBD.ML.AA (Reconstruction of vein of head and neck)Phlebectomy with graft replacement involves resection of a vein segment and its replacement, which constitutes a vascular reconstruction; IBD.ML.AA is the closest assignable category code, though it is broader as it does not specify the graft/replacement technique or the excision component.
60993004 (Phlebectomy with graft replacement of upper limb vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ICD (Interventions on vein of upper limb)Unlike the head-and-neck block, the upper limb vein block (ICD) contains no reconstruction or graft category code, so no assignable category fits; the block is the best available mapping and is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
313075001 (Phobia counseling)maps to wider conceptAUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions)Phobia is a pathological fear response classified under emotional functions; AUD.PP.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for counselling targeting emotional functions, though it is broader as it does not specify phobia or fear specifically.
704032000 (Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not have a code specific to PDE5 inhibitor therapy or any drug class at that level of granularity; the closest assignable code is "Pharmacotherapy prescription," which covers prescribing of any drug and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept specifying a particular pharmacological class.
437201000124101 (Phosphorus modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no code for a phosphorus-restricted or phosphorus-modified diet specifically; "Prescription of food" (UAB.TI.ZZ), situated under Interventions on food, is the closest match but covers any therapeutic dietary prescription, making it broader than this mineral-specific dietary intervention.
29722002 (Photochemotherapy with petrolatum and ultraviolet B)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish photochemotherapy from phototherapy, nor does it differentiate UVB from other phototherapy modalities or specify the use of petrolatum; LZZ.SC.AH is the best fit as a residual skin phototherapy code, but it is broader than this specific technique.
22638002 (Photochemotherapy with tar and petrolatum)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not capture the specific agents (coal tar and petrolatum) used in this photochemotherapy regimen; LZZ.SC.AH is the best available code for skin phototherapy interventions not classified elsewhere, but remains broader than this named technique.
35137007 (Photocoagulation of ciliary body)maps to wider conceptBBD.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of ciliary body)BBD.GA.AH covers destruction of a lesion of the ciliary body by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation (laser) as the technique. ICHI has no means code that narrows the destruction to photocoagulation specifically, so the ICHI code is broader.
76458006 (Photocoagulation of iris)maps to wider conceptBBC.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion of iris)BBC.GA.AH captures destruction of a lesion of the iris regardless of technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation as the modality. No means code in ICHI narrows this to laser/photocoagulation, making the ICHI code broader.
231762005 (Photocoagulation to retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)BCC.GA.AA represents destruction of the retina by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation as the technique. ICHI does not have a dedicated photocoagulation means code for this target, so the ICHI code is broader in both technique and scope.
473279002 (Photodynamic therapy of chorioretinal lesion)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)BCA.GA.AH matches the target (chorioretinal lesion) and the destructive intent of photodynamic therapy exactly, but the ICHI code encompasses any destruction technique rather than specifying photodynamic therapy (light-activated drug), making it broader in means.
1367896002 (Photodynamic therapy of lesion of cornea)maps to wider conceptBBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)BBB.GA.AH correctly targets the corneal lesion and captures the destructive nature of photodynamic therapy, but covers all destruction modalities rather than the photodynamic technique specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
444247007 (Photodynamic therapy of neovascular membrane of choroid)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment, which encompasses PDT of choroidal neovascular membranes, but the ICHI code does not specify the photodynamic modality or the neovascular membrane target type. The SNOMED concept is more specific in both means (PDT) and exact anatomical target.
428604001 (Photodynamic therapy of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.SC.AH captures phototherapy to skin (NEC), which includes PDT as a subtype of phototherapeutic intervention; however, the ICHI code does not distinguish PDT (which requires a photosensitising agent activated by light) from other phototherapy modalities such as narrowband UVB. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
428822001 (Photodynamic therapy of subretinal lesion)maps to wider conceptBCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)BCA.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code, covering destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment, which anatomically encompasses subretinal lesions treated by PDT. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the subretinal location, the neovascular or other lesion nature, or the photodynamic means.
722470001 (Phototherapy of neonate using ultraviolet light)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)PZA.SC.AH "Whole body phototherapy" directly corresponds to neonatal phototherapy, which is classically administered as whole-body exposure; however, the ICHI code does not specify the neonatal population, the UV/blue-light wavelength, or the clinical indication (hyperbilirubinaemia), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
67057001 (Phrenicectomy)maps to wider conceptACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)Phrenicectomy is surgical excision specifically of the phrenic nerve, while ICHI has no phrenic-nerve-specific code and ACA.JK.AA covers excision of any peripheral nerve. The ICHI code is anatomically broader (any peripheral nerve vs. the phrenic nerve specifically).
58378005 (Phrenicotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.FA.AA (Incision of peripheral nerve)Phrenicotomy is incision (cutting) of the phrenic nerve specifically; ICHI's ACA.FA.AA covers incision of any peripheral nerve with no phrenic-specific code available, making it broader by target anatomy.
51460005 (Phrenoplasty)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)Phrenoplasty refers to a reconstructive/plastic repair of the diaphragm; MCX.MK.AA (repair of diaphragm) is the closest available ICHI code and captures the same target organ and surgical intent, though MCX.ML.AA (repair with graft/prosthesis) may be more specific in some phrenoplasty cases — the plain repair code is selected as the broader but most consistently applicable match.
18275006 (Physiatric manipulation of sacroiliac region)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of pelvic region)The ICHI code covers manipulation of any joint in the pelvic region, which includes the sacroiliac joint, but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify the sacroiliac joint specifically, and it does not capture the physiatric specialty qualifier.
243071004 (Physical abuse counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for abuse counselling or violence-related counselling; the closest available code is the residual whole-person counselling NEC category, which is semantically broader because it captures any counselling intervention not classified elsewhere, without encoding the specific context of physical abuse.
410185002 (Physical evaluation assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Physical evaluation assessment" in SNOMED denotes a general clinical evaluation of a patient's physical status; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest ICHI match but is slightly broader because it encompasses all dimensions of health (not only physical).
410187005 (Physical evaluation management)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Physical evaluation management" denotes the clinical process of evaluating a patient's overall physical status, which aligns most closely with general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ) in the whole-person intervention block. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any general health assessment, not specifically the management dimension implied by the SNOMED concept.
410184003 (Physical examination management)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)"Physical examination management" in SNOMED refers to the broader clinical activity of conducting and overseeing a physical examination, and PZA.AE.AH — physical examination of whole body — is the best ICHI approximation. The ICHI code is wider because it is restricted to whole-body scope whereas the SNOMED concept can apply to any scope.
116328000 (Physical examination maneuver related to cervical spine)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)The cervical spine block contains no assessment or examination code — only imaging, surgical, and manipulative interventions — so there is no cervical-spine-specific physical examination code in ICHI. PZX.AE.AH is the best available code, but it is broader because it covers physical examination of any body site and does not reflect the specificity of a cervical spine examination maneuver.
116319001 (Physical examination maneuver related to lower extremity)maps to wider conceptPZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated physical examination or assessment code for the lower extremity; the musculoskeletal lower-limb blocks contain only therapeutic, manipulative, and imaging interventions. PZX.AE.AH is the only applicable examination code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to lower-extremity examination maneuvers.
116332006 (Physical examination maneuver related to the spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.AA.AH (Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.AA.AH covers assessment of the vertebral column (unspecified site) using a manual/physical approach, which is the closest structural match to a physical examination maneuver on the spine. It is slightly broader because "assessment" in ICHI encompasses any evaluative method, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a physical examination maneuver (hands-on clinical test).
108305003 (Physical rehabilitation therapy procedure)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)XG4691 is an ICHI extension code used to flag an intervention as rehabilitative in nature, which covers the general concept of physical rehabilitation, but it is an extension code rather than a standalone procedure category and encompasses habilitation as well, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
252507009 (Physical urticaria test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)Physical urticaria testing involves physically provoking a urticaria response (e.g., via cold, heat, pressure, dermographism), which is a form of provocation testing; PZA.AC.ZZ is the residual provocation test code for the whole body and is broader because it covers all types of physical or other provocation tests not classified elsewhere.
410140003 (Physician contact assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Physician contact assessment" in SNOMED denotes the evaluative component of a physician encounter; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of who performs it or the encounter type.
64777005 (Physiologic measurement)maps to wider conceptPZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement)"Physiologic measurement" is a broad SNOMED concept for measuring any body function or parameter; ICHI's closest non-specific match is "Whole body measurement" (PZA.AB.ZZ), but this ICHI code is itself broad and implies a physical body-metric scope rather than purely functional/physiologic measures, making it wider than the SNOMED intent.
229400006 (Physiological mobilization of the foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe, which is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the foot (rather than toe joints); it is nonetheless the best available ICHI match for passive physiological mobilisation of foot joints.
282835008 (Physiological mobilization of the sacroiliac joint)maps to wider conceptMKJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region)The sacroiliac joint is a joint of the pelvic region, and MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific mobilisation code available — no sacroiliac-specific mobilisation code exists in ICHI. The ICHI code covers all pelvic region joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229429008 (Physiological mobilization of the temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of head or neck joint)No TMJ-specific mobilisation code exists in ICHI; MAJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the head or neck, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The temporomandibular joint sits under the head/neck joint block, so this is the best available mapping.
58452000 (Physiotherapy training)maps to wider conceptMU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single "physiotherapy training" code; MU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, NEC) captures a core physiotherapy training activity but is limited to muscle function. The NEC qualifier makes it act as a catch-all, which is the best available approximation for the broad SNOMED concept.
1332281007 (Piggy-back liver transplant)maps to wider conceptKCA.KD.AA (Liver transplant)ICHI has only one liver transplant category with no sub-codes distinguishing surgical technique variants; the piggy-back technique (caval-sparing orthotopic transplant retaining the recipient's IVC) is a specific approach not differentiated within ICHI, so the single "Liver transplant" code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
787127007 (Pinch biopsy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)A pinch biopsy is a specific small-fragment surface biopsy technique used on skin; LZZ.AD.AE is the NEC residual code for percutaneous skin biopsy when no more specific site code applies, making it wider than the SNOMED concept since it does not encode the pinch/forceps technique.
234848009 (Placement of orthodontic archwire)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth, which includes orthodontic archwires as a subset. ICHI has no more specific code for archwire placement, so this broader dental device application code is the best available match.
234849001 (Placement of orthodontic archwire auxiliary)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)An archwire auxiliary (such as a torquing auxiliary or auxiliary spring) is a supplementary orthodontic dental device, and KAE.LC.AC is the only ICHI code encompassing application of dental devices — broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
234843000 (Placement of orthodontic band)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device on teeth, which encompasses orthodontic band placement but does not distinguish band type or the orthodontic context. ICHI does not have a code specific to orthodontic bands.
234844006 (Placement of orthodontic bracket)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC captures the generic act of applying a dental device to teeth, which semantically covers orthodontic bracket placement, but the ICHI code does not distinguish bracket type or orthodontic purpose.
234850001 (Placement of orthodontic coil spring)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Placement of an orthodontic coil spring is a specific instance of applying a dental device, which KAE.LC.AC represents at a broader level. ICHI does not distinguish individual orthodontic component types such as coil springs.
234852009 (Placement of orthodontic elastic chain)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the placement of an orthodontic elastic chain. ICHI does not exist at the granularity of individual orthodontic ligature or chain types.
234851002 (Placement of orthodontic elastic thread)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)Placement of an orthodontic elastic thread is a specific sub-type of dental device application, captured generically by KAE.LC.AC. ICHI does not differentiate between the various types of orthodontic auxiliary components.
234845007 (Placement of orthodontic lip bumper)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses the placement of an orthodontic lip bumper; it does not specify appliance type. KAE.SM.AC ("Management of external appliance") describes ongoing management, making KAE.LC.AC the better fit for placement.
870532007 (Placement of speaking valve on tracheostomy tube)maps to wider conceptPTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy)ICHI has a dedicated block for interventions on an artificial tracheostomy body structure (PTC), and PTC.SN.AC is the closest available code covering management activities; however, it does not specifically capture the attachment of a one-way speaking valve, making it broader.
448785002 (Placement of stent at site of coarctation of aorta)maps to wider conceptHIK.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into aortic arch)Coarctation of the aorta is anatomically located at or near the aortic arch, and percutaneous stent placement is the standard interventional technique. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any stent insertion into the aortic arch, not specifically at a coarctation site.
225994009 (Placing patient in comfortable position)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)PZA.LD.ZZ covers positioning of the whole body without specifying the type or goal of positioning, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically describes a comfort-oriented positioning intervention. No more specific code for therapeutic comfort positioning exists in ICHI.
431182000 (Placing subject in prone position)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)PZA.LD.ZZ is the only whole-body positioning category in ICHI and does not distinguish between specific body positions (prone, supine, lateral, etc.), so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies prone positioning.
711307001 (Plain X-ray guided colonoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)ICHI's Colonoscopy code (target = colon, action = assessment, means = endoscopic) captures the procedure but does not encode the plain X-ray guidance qualifier; the ICHI code is therefore broader. The X-ray guidance could be appended as extension code XG2RR6.
736675009 (Plain X-ray guided implantation of neurostimulator into sphenopalatine ganglion)maps to wider conceptAAN.DL.AA (Insertion of cranial nerve device)The sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion is part of the cranial nerve system, and a neurostimulator is a type of cranial nerve device, so AAN.DL.AA is the closest anatomically coherent ICHI code. It is substantially broader as it covers any cranial nerve device insertion by open approach.
1111411000000107 (Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures percutaneous device insertion into the breast, which matches the procedural nature of inserting a magnetic marker; however, it does not specify the device type, the imaging guidance modality, or the laterality. Laterality could be appended via ICHI extension code XCA4 (left side).
1111421000000101 (Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE correctly identifies percutaneous device insertion into the breast but does not encode the magnetic marker device type, plain X-ray guidance, or right-side laterality that SNOMED specifies; right laterality could be noted via ICHI extension code XCA3.
711422005 (Plain X-ray guided intravenous pyelogram)maps to wider conceptNAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)NAB.BA.BB "Pyelogram" covers the renal pelvis imaging procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the intravenous contrast route and plain X-ray fluoroscopic guidance. ICHI does not distinguish IV from retrograde pyelography or encode the guidance modality at this code level.
428907005 (Plain X-ray guided wire localization of breast lesion)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)No dedicated ICHI code exists for wire/needle localisation of a breast lesion; LCA.DL.AE is the closest structural match, as wire localisation is a percutaneous device insertion. The code does not capture the lesion-targeting purpose or the plain X-ray guidance.
811661000000104 (Plain X-ray mobile image intensifier guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removal of calculus)maps to wider conceptNAA.JE.AE (Percutaneous extraction of calculus of kidney)NAA.JE.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous kidney stone removal = PCNL), but the ICHI code does not specify the X-ray fluoroscopic (image intensifier) guidance method, making it broader than the highly specified SNOMED concept.
1295278008 (Plain X-ray of adenoid)maps to wider conceptJAM.BA.BA (Noncontrast x-ray of nasopharynx)ICHI has no specific code for plain X-ray of the adenoid; the adenoid (DAB) block contains no imaging children. JAM.BA.BA is the closest anatomical match since the adenoids are located in the nasopharynx, but the target is broader.
1290935005 (Plain X-ray pelvimetry)maps to wider conceptMKB.BA.BA (X-ray of pelvis)MKB.BA.BA covers X-ray of the pelvis as a whole, which is the correct modality and target, but it does not capture the specific purpose of pelvimetry (measuring pelvic dimensions for obstetric planning). The ICHI code is therefore broader.
391041001 (Planned mental health assessment - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ is the broadest available ICHI code for assessing mental functions and captures the core clinical act, but the SNOMED concept adds administrative/intensity dimensions (24-hour, non-intensive, planned) that ICHI does not encode at the code level.
391042008 (Planned mental health assessment - Full day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AA.ZZ covers the core clinical act of assessing mental functions, but the service-delivery context (full-day day care setting, planned) is an administrative qualifier that lies outside ICHI's coding scope.
391043003 (Planned mental health assessment - Part day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)The clinical act maps to AS1.AA.ZZ, while the part-day day care service intensity distinction is an administrative attribute that ICHI does not differentiate at the code level.
225289001 (Planning structured activities)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)ICHI does not have a code specifically for planning structured activities; PZB.TB.ZZ "Individualised planning" (whole-person level) is the closest match, but it is broader, encompassing any individualised care planning rather than being restricted to structuring activities for a person.
178051003 (Plantar fasciectomy)maps to wider conceptMOL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe)MOL.JJ.AA covers excision of ligament or fascia anywhere in the foot or toe and is not restricted to the plantar fascia, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies plantar fasciectomy (excision of the plantar fascia specifically).
408593002 (Plasma plasminogen antigen level)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)Plasminogen is a fibrinolytic protein in the haematological system, and measuring its antigen level is a specific haematological laboratory test. No ICHI code exists for plasminogen-specific assays, so this broad haematological system test code is the closest available category; the ICHI code is considerably wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
271033005 (Plasma volume measurement)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)Plasma volume is a haematological parameter, and measuring it falls within the functional scope of the haematological system. No ICHI code specific to plasma or blood volume measurement exists; this block-level measurement code is the best available fit but is considerably broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
20720000 (Plasmapheresis)maps to wider conceptDIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)Plasmapheresis is a specific type of therapeutic apheresis in which plasma is selectively removed from blood; the ICHI code covers all apheresis modalities (plasma, platelet, leukocyte, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to plasma removal.
127794004 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor, chromogenic assay)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)A chromogenic assay for plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1/PAI-2) is a specific functional test of the fibrinolytic component of the haematological system. ICHI has no codes for chromogenic or specific coagulation/fibrinolysis assays, so this generic haematological system test is the broadest plausible fit.
176552009 (Plastibell circumcision)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)ICHI has no dedicated circumcision or foreskin excision code — the closest assignable code is "Partial excision of penis" (NGM.JJ.AA), which captures the tissue removal but is broader, covering any partial penile excision rather than specifically the prepuce.
186687008 (Plastic operation on fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a generic "plastic operation on fascia" or unspecified-site fascia reconstruction code; fascia codes exist only for specific body regions. MRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site) is the closest applicable code but is broader, encompassing all soft tissue rather than fascia specifically.
33580007 (Plastic operation on muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/plastic intent on muscle at an unspecified site, which closely aligns with the SNOMED concept; however, "plastic operation on muscle" could encompass repair, reconstruction, or grafting, making the ICHI code slightly wider in framing.
772772006 (Plastic operation on palatopharyngeal sphincter with reconstruction using pharyngeal flap)maps to wider conceptKAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)KAR.ML.AA captures the pharyngeal reconstruction component but does not encode the specificity of a palatopharyngeal sphincter target, the pharyngeal flap technique, or the velopharyngeal functional intent.
698856008 (Plastic operation on salivary duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.MK.AA (Repair of salivary gland or duct)KAM.MK.AA covers repair of both salivary gland and salivary duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted specifically to the duct. No duct-only repair code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available match.
698857004 (Plastic operation on salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.MK.AA (Repair of salivary gland or duct)KAM.MK.AA covers repair of salivary gland or duct as a combined target, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to the gland alone. No gland-only repair code exists.
386668000 (Plastic repair of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.MK.AC captures repair of the oral cavity as a general residual code, which aligns well with "plastic repair of mouth." It is slightly broader as an NEC category that also captures other unspecified oral cavity repairs.
174588001 (Plastic repair of sphincter of Oddi using duodenal approach)maps to wider conceptKCM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bile ducts)ICHI has no dedicated code for sphincteroplasty of the sphincter of Oddi; the closest category is reconstruction of bile ducts (KCM.ML.AA), which covers plastic/reconstructive work on the biliary tract but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.
840595002 (Platelet aggregation inhibitor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have a code specific to antiplatelet (platelet aggregation inhibitor) therapy; the best available code captures drug administration to the whole body but is substantially broader — it applies to any pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class or indication.
76075007 (Play therapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)Play therapy is a structured psychotherapeutic approach used primarily with children; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy modality but is broader, as it does not specify the play-based technique or the paediatric population context.
79107000 (Pleating of sclera for buckling)maps to wider conceptBCB.ML.AA (Reinforcement of sclera)Scleral buckling by pleating is a technique that mechanically reinforces and indents the sclera to support retinal reattachment; ICHI's "Reinforcement of sclera" captures the structural intent but is broader, encompassing all reinforcement methods.
7732003 (Pleoptic training with continuing medical direction and evaluation)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)Pleoptics is a specialised form of visual function training (typically for amblyopia) and maps well to "Training of seeing functions"; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the continuing medical direction and evaluation qualifier.
359969002 (Pleural abrasion)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AA (Pleurodesis)Pleural abrasion is a specific mechanical technique for achieving pleurodesis — it is one defined method among several (chemical, surgical, mechanical abrasion) — so "Pleurodesis" is the correct ICHI category but is wider than the specific abrasion technique.
287317001 (Pleural cavity obliteration)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AA (Pleurodesis)Pleurodesis is the standard procedure used to achieve pleural cavity obliteration; "Pleural cavity obliteration" is a broader outcome/concept that can encompass any technique causing adhesion of pleural surfaces, while ICHI's pleurodesis is a specific intervention type.
359972009 (Pleural poudrage)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AB (Thoracoscopic pleurodesis)Pleural poudrage is a specific technique of pleurodesis in which powdered talc or other sclerosant is insufflated into the pleural cavity, almost always via thoracoscopy. JCA.GA.AB is the closest ICHI code but encompasses all thoracoscopic pleurodesis methods.
37364004 (Plication of annulus of heart valve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI has no specific plication-of-annulus (annuloplasty) code for heart valves; valve-specific repair codes would be narrower than the SNOMED concept which does not specify a valve. The block "Interventions on heart valves" is the broadest reasonable fit.
1217362001 (Plication of anterior rectus sheath)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no specific code for plication of the rectus sheath; PAL.MK.AA "Repair of abdominal wall" is the closest structural match, as plication of the anterior rectus sheath is a technique used to repair/tighten the anterior abdominal wall.
232823005 (Plication of aortic valve cusp)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)ICHI has no dedicated plication code for aortic valve cusps; HDE.MK.AA "Repair of aortic valve" is the best available match since cusp plication is a cusp-preserving repair technique of the aortic valve.
81913003 (Plication of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)ICHI has no dedicated diaphragm plication code; MCX.MK.AA "Repair of diaphragm" is the best available match since diaphragmatic plication (folding and suturing a paralysed or eventrated diaphragm) is a form of diaphragm repair.
450873006 (Plication of emphysematous bleb of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.LL.AA (Lung volume reduction surgery)Plication of an emphysematous bleb is a specific lung volume reduction technique targeting bullae/blebs, whereas JBF.LL.AA covers all forms of lung volume reduction surgery. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses multiple techniques beyond bleb plication.
1237276005 (Plication of external oblique aponeurosis)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)The external oblique aponeurosis is a component of the anterior abdominal wall, and plication of it is a structural repair technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. PAL.MK.AA is broader as it covers any repair of the abdominal wall regardless of specific layer or technique.
14923004 (Plication of fascia of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)Plication of the fascia of the hand is a form of fascial repair; MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger by any technique, so the ICHI code is broader as it includes all repair methods and ligaments, not just fascia.
41436002 (Plication of intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)Plication of the intestine (Noble plication) is most commonly performed on the small intestine and constitutes a form of intestinal repair; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any repair technique of the small intestine and does not distinguish large from small intestine plication.
175931001 (Plication of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.MK.AA (Repair of kidney)ICHI has no specific "plication of kidney" code; plication is a folding/suturing technique used to reduce kidney size or correct ptosis, which falls within the broader concept of kidney repair (NAA.MK.AA). The ICHI code is wider as it covers any repair technique on the kidney, not just plication.
1844002 (Plication of ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no generic "plication of ligament" code and no ligament repair code at an unspecified body site; plication is a tightening/shortening technique that constitutes a form of repair, and MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code given that ligament region-specific repair codes are too anatomically specific for this non-site-specified SNOMED concept.
1217364000 (Plication of linea alba)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)The linea alba is the fibrous structure of the anterior abdominal wall, and plication of it (commonly performed for diastasis recti) is a repair technique on the abdominal wall; PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall broadly and is wider than the specific plication of a named abdominal fascial structure.
448246005 (Plication of medial patellar retinaculum)maps to wider conceptMMP.LC.AA (Patellar stabilisation)ICHI has no code specific to the medial patellar retinaculum; "Patellar stabilisation" (MMP.LC.AA) is the closest code, covering the functional goal of retinacula plication — but it is broader as it encompasses all patellar stabilisation techniques and does not specify the medial retinaculum as the target structure.
1217365004 (Plication of rectus abdominis muscle)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no muscle-specific plication code for the rectus abdominis; "Repair of abdominal wall" (PAL.MK.AA) is the best fitting code since rectus plication is performed as part of abdominal wall repair (e.g. diastasis recti correction), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers the full abdominal wall rather than the specific muscle.
57632009 (Plication of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LL.AA (Gastroplasty)Gastroplasty is the broader ICHI concept encompassing surgical reshaping of the stomach, which includes gastric plication as one technique; ICHI contains no more specific code dedicated to stomach plication, so KBF.LL.AA is the best available match even though it covers a wider set of stomach-reshaping procedures.
231766008 (Pneumatic retinopexy)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Pneumatic retinopexy (intravitreal gas injection to tamponade a detached retina) is a specific technique for retinal repair; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the best matching ICHI code but is broader, encompassing all retinal repair methods without specifying the pneumatic approach.
75786008 (Politzerization)maps to wider conceptCBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)Politzerization is a specific technique for inflating the eustachian tube using a Politzer bag and the Valsalva/swallowing manoeuvre; ICHI's closest code covers dilatation of the eustachian tube generally without specifying the Politzer technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
89606003 (Politzerization of eustachian tube)maps to wider conceptCBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)This concept is the anatomically explicit form of politzerization, naming the eustachian tube directly; the same ICHI code applies for the same reason — dilatation of the eustachian tube is the correct functional category but does not encode the Politzer-specific technique, so the ICHI code remains broader.
169344005 (Polycythemia irradiation)maps to wider conceptPZA.GA.BA (Total body irradiation)Polycythemia irradiation is a targeted therapeutic radiation treatment used to suppress the overactive bone marrow in polycythemia vera, historically delivered as total or splenic irradiation; PZA.GA.BA (Total body irradiation) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the haematological indication or a targeted splenic field.
404186002 (Polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)PCR for Epstein-Barr virus is a specific viral NAAT, which falls squarely within the scope of XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all viral targets rather than EBV specifically.
439412001 (Polymerase chain reaction test for adenovirus)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)PCR for adenovirus is a specific viral NAAT, semantically contained within XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test), which is the closest available ICHI code; the mapping is wider because ICHI does not distinguish adenovirus-specific assays from other viral amplification tests.
440202003 (Polymerase chain reaction test for human Bocavirus)maps to wider conceptXG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)Human Bocavirus is a parvovirus detected by PCR, a viral nucleic acid amplification test that maps to XG4U02; the ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish Bocavirus from other viral targets, and no more specific code exists in the classification.
399143002 (Polymerase chain reaction test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae)maps to wider conceptXG7T46 (Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections)XG7T46 covers qualitative testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (matching the target organism and qualitative/detection nature of a PCR test), but the ICHI code is broader in two dimensions: it bundles Chlamydia trachomatis together with gonorrhoeae, and it does not specify PCR as the method, encompassing any qualitative detection technique.
436881000124109 (Polyunsaturated fat modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI code representing an intervention that alters the content or composition of food, which aligns conceptually with prescribing a fat-modified diet; however, it is substantially broader, covering any food modification at a population or environmental level and not specifying a clinical dietary prescription targeting polyunsaturated fat content for an individual patient.
1230043004 (Positioning of head)maps to wider conceptPZX.LD.ZZ (Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is specifically about positioning the head (a specific body part), while PZX.LD.ZZ covers positioning of any body part not classified elsewhere. It is the closest available ICHI category but is broader, as it is not head-specific.
1230216003 (Positioning of subject in nest position)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)The nest position is a whole-body positioning technique (commonly used for neonates), and PZA.LD.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering whole-body positioning; however, it does not specify the nest position technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1230107007 (Positioning subject for food and drink intake)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)Positioning a subject for eating and drinking is a whole-body positional intervention (e.g., sitting upright); PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers whole-body positioning, but it does not capture the purpose-specific context of facilitating food and drink intake.
1230179009 (Positioning subject in lateral position)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)Lateral positioning is a specific whole-body position (used in clinical care and surgery); PZA.LD.ZZ covers whole-body positioning but does not distinguish the lateral technique, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
444679006 (Positioning subject in recovery position)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)The recovery position is a specific lateral whole-body positioning manoeuvre used in first aid and post-procedural care; PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for whole-body positioning, but it is broader as ICHI has no code specific to the recovery position technique.
1230204009 (Positioning subject in sitting position)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)SHA.RA.ZZ covers the act of physically moving/changing a person's body position, which encompasses placing a subject into a sitting position. ICHI does not distinguish specific target positions (sitting, supine, upright), so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies sitting as the target position.
1230176002 (Positioning subject in supine position)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)SHA.RA.ZZ captures the action of physically performing a body position change, which includes placing a subject supine, but ICHI does not encode the specific target posture (supine vs. any other), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
1230111001 (Positioning subject seated upright with spine straight)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)This SNOMED concept is the most specific of the three positioning manoeuvres (seated, upright, with spinal alignment), yet ICHI's SHA.RA.ZZ only encodes the act of changing body position without any specificity for the resulting posture or spinal alignment, making it considerably broader.
764709003 (Positron emission tomography using methionine C-11)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BG (Positron emission tomography of whole body)ICHI has no code encoding the specific radiopharmaceutical tracer (methionine C-11); the closest available code is whole-body PET (PZA.BA.BG), which is broader because it does not specify the tracer or anatomical focus implied by methionine C-11 use (typically brain/oncology).
699586000 (Positron emission tomography with computed tomography of liver using yttrium 90 microspheres)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code for nuclear medicine imaging of the liver using a radioisotope, but it does not capture the combined PET/CT modality, the specific yttrium-90 microsphere agent, or the therapeutic/dosimetric intent that distinguishes SIRT from a diagnostic scan. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any liver radioisotope scan rather than this specific PET-CT procedure.
427206005 (Post fall assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code for a fall-specific assessment or post-injury assessment; the closest available code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which is considerably wider, as it does not convey the fall context or the specific clinical focus on fall-related injury, cognition, and recurrence risk.
395184006 (Post miscarriage counseling)maps to wider conceptNUE.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for pregnancy functions)NUE.RC.ZZ is the best available match within the pregnancy functions block, covering emotional support in the context of pregnancy-related conditions, which aligns with the supportive/counseling nature of post-miscarriage care. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any emotional support for pregnancy functions rather than counseling specifically following pregnancy loss.
128971008 (Post volume challenge)maps to wider conceptHT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)A "post volume challenge" is a hemodynamic assessment performed after administering a fluid bolus to evaluate fluid responsiveness — a test of cardiovascular function. HT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code as a catch-all test of cardiovascular system functions, but it is substantially wider, not capturing the specific fluid challenge methodology or the critical care context.
228121008 (Post-adoption support)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)Post-adoption support is a specific form of social support service provided to families after child adoption, which falls within the broader ICHI category of providing general social support services. No adoption-specific code exists in ICHI, so this broader social support services code is the best available match.
77000007 (Post-amputation rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)Post-amputation rehabilitation is a clinically specific rehabilitation program following limb loss, while XG4691 is a high-level ICHI extension code covering rehabilitation and habilitation in general with no body-part or procedure-phase specificity. No amputation-specific or limb-loss rehabilitation code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available — but considerably broader — match.
700504007 (Post-chemotherapy monitoring)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Post-chemotherapy monitoring involves systematic clinical and laboratory surveillance of a patient's health status after cytotoxic treatment, which is best represented in ICHI as a general health assessment; no chemotherapy-specific or oncology follow-up monitoring code exists. PZB.AA.ZZ is substantially broader, covering any whole-person health assessment rather than the disease-specific context of post-chemotherapy surveillance.
409516001 (Post-exposure prophylaxis)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consists of administering a course of medications (antiretrovirals, antivirals, or immunoglobulins) to prevent infection after a known or suspected exposure, which at its core is the act of providing medications; ICHI has no prophylaxis-specific or exposure-response code. UAC.RD.ZZ is broader, as it covers any provision of medications and does not capture the preventive, post-exposure-specific clinical intent of PEP.
711126000 (Post-surgical assessment for risk of infection)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for surgical site infection risk assessment; the nearest general assessment code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under "Interventions on whole person"), which is broader than the specifically post-surgical, infection-focused assessment described by the SNOMED concept.
1370896004 (Posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord and fusion)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — posterior spinal cord decompression plus cervical fusion — for which no single ICHI code exists; MBA.LE.AA captures the fusion component (typically the definitive part of the procedure) but omits the decompression of the spinal cord, making it broader in scope than the full SNOMED concept.
1366071006 (Posterior decompression of lumbar spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)"Release of spinal cord" is the ICHI equivalent of spinal cord decompression, covering the same procedural action, but the code does not encode the lumbar level or posterior approach that are integral to the SNOMED concept.
178780000 (Posterior exploration lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)Posterior exploration of the lumbar spine accesses the spinal canal, and ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal) is the closest ICHI code; however, it does not specify the lumbar level or the posterior approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
178779003 (Posterior exploration thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)ICHI's "Exploration of spinal canal" covers the entire spinal canal rather than specifically the thoracic region, and does not capture the posterior surgical approach; no dedicated thoracic spine exploration code exists in the MBG block. ABG.AE.AA is the closest functional match, but it is semantically broader.
231578005 (Posterior fixation of medial canthal tendon)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI has no code specific to canthal tendon fixation; the medial canthal tendon is an eyelid-anchoring structure, and "Repair of eyelid" (BAA.MK.AA) is the broadest applicable eyelid category that encompasses tendon reattachment/fixation procedures. The code does not capture the medial canthal tendon target, posterior approach, or fixation-specific action, making it significantly wider.
235190009 (Posterior gastropexy)maps to wider conceptKBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy)ICHI's "Gastropexy" directly describes fixation of the stomach, matching the core procedure, but the code does not distinguish posterior gastropexy from other variants (e.g., anterior), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
231600006 (Posterior lamellar graft to lower eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)ICHI's "Reconstruction of eyelid" covers eyelid rebuilding procedures including lamellar grafts, but does not specify the posterior lamella, the lower eyelid, or the graft technique, making it substantially broader than the precise SNOMED concept.
1340189006 (Posterior lamellar reconstruction of eyelid using graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)"Reconstruction of eyelid" is the appropriate ICHI category encompassing graft-based eyelid reconstruction, but the code is agnostic to the lamella targeted (posterior vs anterior) and the use of a graft specifically, making it wider than this SNOMED concept.
311482001 (Posterior spinal instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's MBZ.DN.AA (implantation of device into spine, NEC) is the closest available code — it captures the concept of placing internal hardware into the spine, which is the essence of spinal instrumentation (e.g., rods, screws, plates). However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any spinal device implantation regardless of approach, and does not specify the posterior approach.
236990004 (Postmortem cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)ICHI NME.JF.AA covers caesarean section delivery generally, but does not encode the postmortem qualifier that is the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept (i.e., the procedure is performed on a deceased patient). No ICHI code specifically represents a perimortem or postmortem caesarean, so the standard caesarean section code is the best available match but is broader.
1331915002 (Postmortem plain X-ray of entire body of stillborn infant)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body)PZA.BA.BA covers X-ray of the whole body, which matches the imaging modality and anatomical scope of this concept, but does not encode the postmortem context, the stillborn patient, or the "plain" (non-contrast) qualifier that distinguishes it from contrast X-ray. The SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code in all three of those dimensions.
384634009 (Postnatal maternal examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)ICHI has no concept for a specifically postpartum or maternal examination; the closest is PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body), which captures the physical examination action on the whole person but is broader in that it applies to any patient at any time point rather than a postpartum mother specifically.
169762003 (Postnatal visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated postnatal or postpartum encounter code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest available code as it represents a general health care contact without specifying the clinical content, but it loses the postpartum timing and maternal context entirely.
722502005 (Postoperative blood pressure measurement)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ITA.AB.AH precisely represents the action of measuring blood pressure (target ITA = blood pressure functions, action AB = measurement, means AH = sphygmomanometer/standard measurement), but does not encode the postoperative context that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a routine blood pressure check.
1351718001 (Postoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography with contrast)maps to wider conceptKCM.BA.BB (Cholangiography with contrast medium)KCM.BA.BB captures the core procedure (bile duct imaging with contrast) but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the fluoroscopic means from other contrast cholangiography techniques, nor does it encode the postoperative timing qualifier.
860602007 (Postpartum hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)NME.JK.AA is the broadest non-approach-specific total hysterectomy code under the uterus block, and postpartum hysterectomy is typically a total hysterectomy; however, ICHI does not encode the postpartum clinical context or obstetric indication, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
169127002 (Potassium 40 whole body count)maps to wider conceptPZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement)Potassium-40 whole body counting is a specialised nuclear medicine technique used to estimate lean body mass by detecting naturally-occurring gamma radiation, which falls under whole-body measurement; PZA.AB.ZZ is the only applicable code but is substantially broader, covering any whole-body measurement without specifying the isotope counting technique.
252506000 (Potassium hydroxide skin test)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)A potassium hydroxide (KOH) skin test is a specific intradermal diagnostic test, and LZZ.AC.AE covers any intradermal skin test without specifying the substance used. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to KOH as the testing agent.
437211000124103 (Potassium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)A potassium-modified diet is a clinician-directed dietary prescription adjusting a specific nutrient, which maps most closely to UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food); no ICHI code exists for dietary prescriptions specifying a particular mineral or electrolyte, making this a broader match.
702582004 (Pre-admission assessment for ambulatory surgery)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)Pre-admission assessment for ambulatory surgery is a structured pre-operative health evaluation for a specific surgical context; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI has no code specific to pre-operative or pre-admission assessment settings.
703120008 (Pre-admission assessment for major surgery)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no code specific to pre-surgical or pre-admission assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest match but is broader, covering any general health assessment regardless of timing, context, or surgical intent.
257882000 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using double dye method)maps to wider conceptLCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast)ICHI has no code for pre-biopsy dye localization specifically; LCA.DB.AE (Percutaneous injection into breast) captures the essential procedural action — a percutaneous injection of a substance (dye) into the breast — but is considerably broader, lacking the lesion-localization purpose and the double-dye technique detail.
257881007 (Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using spot method)maps to wider conceptLCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast)LCA.DB.AE (Percutaneous injection into breast) covers the physical act of injecting a substance into the breast, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the lesion-localization purpose, the pre-biopsy setting, and the spot (single-dye) technique — all of which are absent in ICHI.
225386006 (Pre-discharge assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best assignable category, but is broader — it does not carry the pre-discharge timing or the readiness-for-discharge purpose implied by the SNOMED concept.
275674000 (Pre-employment examin./reports)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)ICHI has no dedicated pre-employment medical examination code; PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body) captures the physical examination component but is broader, lacking the occupational/employment fitness-for-work context and the reporting element.
397901004 (Pre-existing line accessed)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)"Maintaining intravenous access" captures the act of using/sustaining an established venous line, which encompasses accessing a pre-existing line. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all maintenance activities on intravenous access, not solely the discrete act of accessing an already-placed line.
225327004 (Pre-termination counseling)maps to wider conceptPZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for counselling in the context of a planned termination of pregnancy; "Counselling, not elsewhere classified" is the only available counselling code that spans any clinical topic not otherwise specified, making it a broad but related match.
23381000175103 (Pre-visit planning)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)"Individualised planning" is a whole-person intervention covering person-centred care planning broadly, which subsumes pre-visit preparation, but the ICHI code is wider as it is not restricted to planning that occurs before a clinical encounter.
250191001 (Precipitating antibody measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses antibody measurement techniques including precipitin/immunodiffusion assays; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular type of antibody test (precipitation-based) rather than all immunological measurements.
737360004 (Preconception counseling)maps to wider conceptNUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling)Preconception counseling is a form of counseling focused on optimising health before conception, which is closely aligned with fertility counselling (NUD.PP.ZZ); ICHI is wider because fertility counselling encompasses a broader range of fertility-related issues beyond the preconception preparation focus of the SNOMED concept.
225708008 (Precordial thump)maps to wider conceptHFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)A precordial thump is a specific manual technique (a sharp blow to the chest) used to terminate ventricular arrhythmias; HFC.SC.AH is wider because it encompasses all methods of arrhythmia conversion (electrical cardioversion, pharmacological, etc.) rather than the specific mechanical precordial thump technique.
15109006 (Prefabricated resin crown)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A prefabricated resin crown is a specific type of tooth restoration using a factory-made resin crown, which falls under tooth restoration (KAE.MK.AC); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of tooth restoration, while the SNOMED concept specifies the material (resin) and fabrication method (prefabricated).
81217006 (Prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window is a specific type of tooth restoration; KAE.MK.AC is the best assignable ICHI code, and it is wider because it covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, fabrication method, or the combination of metallic and nonmetallic components.
171055003 (Pregnancy smoking education)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)VAB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting tobacco use behaviours broadly, which encompasses the smoking education component of this concept, but it does not capture the pregnancy-specific context. No ICHI code combines tobacco education with a pregnancy-specific target.
312891008 (Pregnancy-related examination)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of functions related to pregnancy, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a pregnancy-related examination; however, ICHI frames this as assessment of physiological functions rather than a clinical examination, making the ICHI code somewhat wider in functional scope.
48674006 (Premedication for anesthetic procedure)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no specific code for premedication in the context of anaesthesia preparation; PZA.DB.AZ (administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest match as it covers the act of administering a drug, but it is broader — it does not encode the pre-anaesthetic purpose or the preparatory clinical context of premedication.
18114009 (Prenatal examination and care of mother)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)NUE.AA.ZZ represents assessment of pregnancy-related functions and is the best available ICHI code for the examination component, but it does not capture the full breadth of "care of mother" (which includes monitoring, education, emotional support, and other ongoing antenatal care activities).
424619006 (Prenatal visit)maps to wider conceptNUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)A prenatal visit is primarily an assessment encounter during pregnancy, and NUE.AA.ZZ captures assessment of pregnancy-related functions within the correct genitourinary/reproductive block. However, the ICHI code is broader because a prenatal visit encompasses multiple activities (monitoring, education, examination) beyond assessment alone.
38883000 (Preoperative disinfection of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Preoperative skin disinfection involves external application of an antiseptic substance to the skin, which LZZ.DB.AH captures structurally; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external application of any substance to skin anywhere on the body and does not specify the antiseptic or preoperative context.
787375008 (Preparation of large size formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimen)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI's "Histopathology" (XG30Q5) is an extension code covering the broad discipline of histopathological examination, while the SNOMED concept refers to a very specific laboratory specimen-preparation technique (FFPE large block); no more granular ICHI code for specimen processing or paraffin embedding exists.
787372006 (Preparation of large slide from specimen)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Preparing a large (macro) histology slide from a specimen is a sub-step within histopathological laboratory workflow; ICHI offers no code for this specific slide-cutting or mounting technique, so the parent "Histopathology" extension code is the best available approximation, though it is substantially broader.
53377003 (Preparation of skin window)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SI.ZZ (Preparation of skin)LZZ.SI.ZZ is the only ICHI code that captures skin preparation and is the closest structural match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to creating a skin window (a small area of epidermis removed or abraded to allow transcutaneous fluid or lymphatic sampling).
265152006 (Prepared graft of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to preparing/processing a bone graft, while ICHI's closest match — procurement of bone for graft — encompasses the harvesting and preparation of bone graft material from an unspecified site, making it broader but the best available fit.
309875000 (Prepucial skin flap reconstruction of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)ICHI's "Reconstruction of urethra" captures the target (urethra) and the action (reconstruction) but does not encode the specific technique of using a prepucial (foreskin) skin flap as the means; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tissue source and method.
44850001 (Presacral sympathectomy)maps to wider conceptADE.JK.AA (Total excision of sacral sympathetic nerve)The presacral nerve (superior hypogastric plexus) is anatomically a sacral sympathetic structure, and total excision via an open approach best represents sympathectomy; however, ICHI's sacral sympathetic nerve target does not distinguish the presacral plexus specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
415170005 (Presbyopic refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI covers lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and separately intraocular lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA), but no single ICHI code encodes both steps together as a combined procedure; the extraction code is the dominant surgical act but the IOL implantation component and the presbyopic/refractive indication are not captured.
870360005 (Prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)PZX.TI.ZZ covers pharmacotherapy prescription generically across any site and any drug class; it captures the act of prescribing but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to antibiotic agents given for prophylactic purposes.
703142009 (Prescription of contraception)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI has no dedicated code for prescribing contraception specifically; PZX.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing any drug or pharmacological agent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to contraceptive agents.
178089008 (Pressure study fascial compartment)maps to wider conceptMRM.AI.AE (Compartment pressure monitoring)MRM.AI.AE is the single ICHI code covering intracompartmental pressure measurement; it is categorised under muscle of unspecified site rather than being specific to a named fascial compartment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fascial compartment study.
428629007 (Pretransplant evaluation of live kidney donor)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for pre-transplant donor evaluation; the closest concept is a general health assessment of the whole person, which is the core activity performed, but it is broader and does not capture the kidney-donor or pre-transplant context.
871483001 (Pretransplant evaluation of lung recipient)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI lacks a specific code for pre-transplant recipient evaluation; the activity fundamentally involves a comprehensive health assessment of the prospective recipient, making PZB.AA.ZZ the best available match, though it omits the lung-transplant recipient context entirely.
86039003 (Preventive dental procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAE (Interventions on teeth)ICHI has no dedicated "preventive dental procedure" category code. The block "Interventions on teeth" is the closest organisational grouping covering the full range of dental interventions including preventive ones (scaling/polishing, application of substances to teeth, examination).
3432000 (Preventive dental service)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAE (Interventions on teeth)ICHI has no category code for "preventive dental service" as a concept; the "Interventions on teeth" block is the broadest appropriate anchor, and the SNOMED concepts 86039003 and 3432000 are semantically near-equivalent at this level of ICHI granularity.
238345005 (Previous chest wall incision - repair with flap)maps to wider conceptPAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)PAF.MK.AA captures the chest wall target and repair action; the SNOMED concept is more specific (repair using a flap technique following a previous incision), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
265714002 (Primary anterior excision of lumbar disc and fusion)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)ICHI's lumbar discectomy covers only the disc excision component; the fusion component would need a separate code (MBM.LE.AA). No ICHI code captures this combined procedure in a single code, and the disc excision is the primary operative target.
178623008 (Primary anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior fusion)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)This SNOMED concept describes a combined anterior discectomy with a specifically posterior fusion, a procedural detail not expressible in any single ICHI code. MBN.JJ.AA maps to the disc excision component only and is broader than the full SNOMED concept.
178551007 (Primary anterior excision thoracic disc and fusion)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic disc excision but not the fusion component of this combined procedure (which would be MBG.LE.AA separately). As with the lumbar equivalents, no single ICHI code covers both the discectomy and spinal fusion.
179872009 (Primary arthroscopic prosthetic ligament replacement)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)ICHI's arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee encompasses ligament replacement procedures including prosthetic/synthetic graft reconstruction, but does not specify the prosthetic nature of the graft or restrict to a primary procedure.
179871002 (Primary arthroscopic reattachment of ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee)ICHI has no dedicated arthroscopic reattachment code for knee ligaments; "repair" (MK action axis) is the closest available match covering ligament reattachment procedures arthroscopically, but it is broader as it encompasses all repair types, not just reattachment.
178691001 (Primary cast stabilization of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)A spinal cast is a form of external immobilisation device applied to the spine; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external immobilisation device (not specifically a cast) applied to any spinal level, and does not restrict to fracture management.
179138003 (Primary closed reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur but does not encode the external fixation component or the proximal (neck/trochanteric) specificity; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which requires both closed reduction and external fixator application together.
179104006 (Primary closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI encodes the closed reduction of femur but does not capture the intramedullary internal fixation (screw/nail) component or the proximal femur specificity; the SNOMED concept is considerably more granular than the available ICHI code.
179105007 (Primary closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)ICHI covers only the closed reduction of the femur and does not encode the plate-and-screw internal fixation component or the proximal site specificity; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
179639007 (Primary closed reduction of dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip joint (the most likely joint implied) but does not encode the functional bracing component; the ICHI code is broader and captures only one part of this combined procedure.
179641008 (Primary closed reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the hip joint but does not encode the skeletal traction component; no ICHI code for skeletal traction to a lower-limb joint was found, making this a partial match for the combined SNOMED procedure.
179146002 (Primary closed reduction of fracture and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures the primary clinical act (closed reduction of bone) but does not specify a body site, and does not include the functional bracing component, which would require a second code (MRB.LC.AH). The ICHI code is therefore broader and incomplete.
179647007 (Primary closed reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies a fracture-dislocation (combining bone and joint injury) plus functional bracing, while ICHI covers only the closed reduction of bone at an unspecified site; both the joint dislocation and bracing components are not captured.
178704007 (Primary closed reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the closed reduction of an unspecified vertebral segment, but the cast stabilization component is a separate ICHI intervention (MBZ.LC.AH) and the spinal level is not specified; the SNOMED concept is therefore more complete than this single ICHI code.
179136004 (Primary external fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture)maps to wider conceptMLB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to femur)ICHI code MLB.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the femur without specifying the proximal segment, matching the "without reduction" fixation aspect; however, ICHI does not distinguish proximal from distal femur, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
408422004 (Primary health care team falls assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated falls risk assessment code; "General health assessment" covers whole-person assessment activity, which is broader than a targeted falls assessment conducted by a primary health care team.
179097007 (Primary internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)ICHI does not have a dedicated proximal femur fracture fixation code; "Implantation of device into femur" is the closest match covering internal device placement in the femur, but it does not distinguish intramedullary nail/screw technique, the proximal location, or the absence of reduction.
179098002 (Primary internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)ICHI lacks a code distinguishing plate-and-screw fixation of the proximal femur without reduction; "Implantation of device into femur" is the best available code but is substantially broader, not specifying device type, fracture location, or the no-reduction approach.
307721006 (Primary laser excision of cervical intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBB.JJ.AA (Cervical discectomy)"Cervical discectomy" correctly identifies excision of the cervical intervertebral disc, but it is an open surgical approach code; ICHI has no code specifying laser as the means for cervical disc excision, making the ICHI code broader with respect to technique.
307720007 (Primary laser excision of lumbar intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AA covers lumbar discectomy in general (open approach). The SNOMED concept specifies laser as the technique, which is a more specific means not captured in this ICHI code; the percutaneous variant is also not an exact fit since laser excision is a distinct technique.
308025006 (Primary laser excision of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)MBH.JJ.AA represents thoracic discectomy without specifying the technique or approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser excision as the means. No ICHI code for laser discectomy of the thoracic disc exists.
179018001 (Primary open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation component (screw/nail with intramedullary device). ICHI does not appear to have a combined open-reduction-plus-internal-fixation code for the femur.
265132005 (Primary open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation with a screw/nail and plate device. No combined ORIF-with-plate code exists for the femur in ICHI.
179606009 (Primary open reduction of dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the joint (dislocation implies a joint), which is the defining surgical act, but the code is broader because it does not encode the additional functional bracing component nor the "primary" qualifier specified in the SNOMED concept.
179604007 (Primary open reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA matches the open reduction of the joint that is central to this procedure, but ICHI does not encode the secondary skeletal traction component or the "primary" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
179054002 (Primary open reduction of fracture and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of a fractured bone, which is the primary surgical act, but ICHI has no code for functional bracing as a secondary stabilization method, so the full compound procedure is not represented.
179049006 (Primary open reduction of fracture and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the fracture, but the skeletal traction component has no matching unspecified-site ICHI code (only MBZ.LC.AE exists for the spine), so the compound procedure is only partially represented.
179614003 (Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)A fracture-dislocation involves both bone and joint disruption; MRB.LD.AA covers the bone reduction aspect of the primary surgical act, but ICHI does not encode the joint dislocation component, the functional bracing, or the "primary" qualifier, making it a wider but best-available match.
179598009 (Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation of joint and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the open reduction of a joint but does not encode the skeletal traction component, nor does it specify that the indication is a fracture-dislocation; the ICHI code is broader because it omits the traction element and carries no site specificity where SNOMED also leaves the joint unspecified.
239284006 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Charnley compression screw)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI covers the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the concurrent internal fixation with a Charnley compression screw, nor does it distinguish the sub-site (femoral neck) within the femur; the fixation component (MLB.DN.AA) would need to be coded separately, making MLB.LD.AA a wider but best available single-code match.
239281003 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Deyerle multiple hip pinning)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)As with other femoral neck ORIF concepts, ICHI's open reduction of femur captures the dominant surgical act but omits the Deyerle multiple-pin internal fixation component and the femoral neck sub-site specificity, making it a broader but best available single-code mapping.
239285007 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using dynamic hip screw)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI's open reduction of femur covers the open reduction of the femoral fracture but does not capture the dynamic hip screw fixation or the specific femoral neck location; the DHS device detail and the combined ORIF concept are beyond ICHI's coding granularity at the single-code level.
239291009 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Holt nail)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI's open reduction of femur is the best single-code fit for this ORIF procedure, but it does not encode the Holt nail fixation element or the femoral neck sub-site; the specific implant device and the combined nature of the procedure exceed what ICHI can represent in a single assignable code.
239286008 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Richards screw)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the femur broadly and does not distinguish the neck-of-femur sub-site, nor does it capture the concurrent internal fixation with a specific implant (Richards screw). ICHI lacks a dedicated neck-of-femur open reduction + fixation category, so this is the closest anatomically specific code but is wider than the SNOMED concept.
239292002 (Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Ross Brown nail)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)Identical reasoning to 239286008 — ICHI has no neck-of-femur-specific open reduction + named-implant fixation code; MLB.LD.AA is the best anatomical match but is broader, omitting both the sub-site specificity and the fixation device detail.
179039008 (Primary open reduction of intra-articular fracture of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies an intra-articular fracture but does not name a particular bone, making MRB.LD.AA (open reduction of bone, unspecified site) the appropriate match; ICHI does not differentiate intra-articular fractures from other fracture types, so the code is wider in that dimension.
179597004 (Primary open reduction of traumatic dislocation of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction at an unspecified joint, which aligns with the site-nonspecific SNOMED concept; ICHI does not distinguish traumatic dislocation from other indications for open joint reduction, so the code is slightly wider in clinical specificity.
178718000 (Primary open reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept involves two components — open spinal fracture reduction and cast stabilisation — but ICHI has no compound code for this combination; MBZ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the spine (unspecified level) but omits the cast stabilisation component, making it wider relative to the full procedure intent.
178550008 (Primary operation on thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MBG (Interventions on thoracic vertebral column)The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified "primary operation on thoracic spine" with no narrower category code available; the ICHI block "Interventions on thoracic vertebral column" covers the same anatomical scope but encompasses all types of interventions, making it broader than any single procedure.
429558007 (Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of cervical intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)maps to wider conceptMBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no cervical-specific percutaneous destruction code, so the closest match is the unspecified-site residual "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, NEC," which captures the percutaneous approach and the destructive action (thermocoagulation is a form of destruction) but is broader in site and does not specify the radiofrequency means.
404673005 (Primary piggyback lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens into the eye, which is the core procedure performed in piggyback lens implantation (placing a second intraocular lens over an existing one); however, ICHI does not capture the specific "piggyback" technique (secondary supplementary IOL in the presence of an existing lens), making the ICHI code broader than this particular SNOMED concept.
442139002 (Primary posterior lumbar medial facetectomy)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)A facetectomy is a partial removal of the posterior articular process (facet) of a lumbar vertebra, which falls within the scope of partial lumbar vertebrectomy in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any partial lumbar vertebral bone removal, not specifically the medial facet via a posterior approach.
179040005 (Primary reduction of intra-articular fracture of bone using arthrotomy as approach)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept specifies an intra-articular fracture reduced via open arthrotomy — ICHI's MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint (arthrotomy is an open approach, AA means), which is the correct target axis (joint) and action (LD = open reduction). ICHI is wider because it does not specify the fracture is intra-articular nor restrict to a bone fracture context, and the joint site is unspecified.
179817007 (Primary repair extra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has site-specific ligament repair codes (e.g., knee, hand/finger, foot) but no body-site-agnostic ligament repair code; ligament falls within soft tissue, so MRS.MK.AA is the broadest unspecified-site repair code available. ICHI is wider because it covers all soft tissue types and does not distinguish extra-articular versus intra-articular ligaments.
178170005 (Primary repair of tendon using graft)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)The use of a graft for tendon repair corresponds to the ICHI action ML (reconstruction/graft), making MRT.ML.AA the best semantic fit over a simple repair code. ICHI is wider because it does not specify the body site of the tendon nor that the procedure is primary (first-time) rather than revision.
53356001 (Primary rhinoplasty of alar cartilages)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)Rhinoplasty of the alar cartilages is a reconstructive nasal procedure; ICHI captures this under reconstruction of the nose (JAA.ML.AA), the only nose-level reconstructive code available. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish rhinoplasty from other nasal reconstruction types and does not specify the alar cartilage as the sub-target.
82862002 (Primary rhinoplasty with elevation of nasal tip)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)Nasal tip elevation rhinoplasty is a reconstructive nose procedure, falling under ICHI's reconstruction of nose (JAA.ML.AA), which is the only available code for nasal reconstruction. ICHI is wider because it does not differentiate the specific technique (tip elevation) or sub-structure involved, nor does it indicate this is a primary versus revision procedure.
178690000 (Primary skull traction stabilization of spinal fracture)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)This ICHI code captures skeletal traction applied to the spine, which matches the core mechanism of skull (halo/Gardner-Wells) traction used to stabilise cervical spinal fractures; however, the ICHI code does not specify the skull attachment point, the fracture context, or the "primary" (acute) nature of the intervention, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
241371001 (Probe renogram)maps to wider conceptNAA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the kidney)A probe renogram is a nuclear medicine technique that uses a radiation detector probe over the renal fossae to measure radionuclide transit through the kidneys, making it a nuclear imaging study of the kidney; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all nuclear kidney imaging modalities (including gamma camera renography and SPECT) rather than being specific to the probe-based renogram technique.
401162000 (Problem solving therapy)maps to wider conceptSCJ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about problem solving)SCJ.PP.ZZ is categorised under "Interventions on applying knowledge" and specifically targets the problem solving function (SCJ), with the counselling action (PP), making it a strong conceptual match. However, "problem solving therapy" as a structured psychotherapeutic intervention is more specific than the broader ICHI counselling concept, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
118698009 (Procedure on abdomen)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAK (Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified)The SNOMED concept is a broad administrative grouping for any procedure on the abdomen; the closest ICHI structural equivalent is the block BlockL5-PAK ("Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified"), which is similarly broad but encompasses all abdomen-specific intervention categories beneath it, making it wider in scope than any single assignable code.
418641004 (Procedure on abducens nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAN (Interventions on cranial nerve)ICHI has no dedicated target code or assignable category for the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) specifically; XA4GX3 exists as an extension/qualifier entity but no procedure category is built around it. The best structural match is the block BlockL5-AAN ("Interventions on cranial nerve"), which is broader, encompassing all cranial nerves rather than CN VI alone.
118920005 (Procedure on adenoids)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)ICHI has a well-developed adenoid-specific block (BlockL5-DAB) containing multiple assignable codes (biopsy, adenoidectomy, haemorrhage control, etc.); because the SNOMED concept is an unspecified grouping of any procedure on the adenoids, the block is the most faithful match, but it is wider than any single procedure and the SNOMED concept does not specify which intervention is performed.
118908002 (Procedure on anterior segment of eye)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BBA (Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures)ICHI block BlockL4-BBA groups all interventions on the anterior segment of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, anterior chamber, lens) and is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED grouping concept; it is classified as wider because the block subsumes multiple specific sub-blocks and assignable codes.
118809006 (Procedure on aorta)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI has no single unspecified-aorta block; the aorta is split across segments (ascending, arch, thoracic descending, abdominal, root) all grouped under BlockL4-HIA alongside coronary arteries and other great vessels. This block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the aorta.
440088008 (Procedure on aorta using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HIA (Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels)ICHI encodes imaging guidance as a Means-axis qualifier on individual procedure codes rather than as a standalone grouping; there is no "imaging-guided aorta intervention" block or category. The closest structural anchor remains the same broad block as for unqualified aorta procedures, which does not capture the imaging guidance specificity.
118805000 (Procedure on artery)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZA (Interventions on artery, not elsewhere classified)BlockL5-IZA is the residual catch-all for artery interventions not assigned to a specific named artery block; the SNOMED concept covers all arteries broadly, and this block is the best structural match while remaining wider than any single assignable code.
385422002 (Procedure on artery of head)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-IBA (Interventions on vessels of head and neck)BlockL4-IBA is the best available grouping covering arteries of the head in ICHI, but it also encompasses neck vessels (both extracranial arteries and veins), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to arteries of the head alone. No single ICHI block isolates "artery of head" without also including neck or without splitting intracranial (BlockL5-IAA) from extracranial (BlockL5-IBA).
118824002 (Procedure on biliary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KCA (Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures)BlockL4-KCA is the most appropriate ICHI grouping for biliary tract procedures, but it additionally encompasses the liver and pancreas, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; the next level down (BlockL5-KCM, bile duct only) is narrower as it excludes the gallbladder which is part of the biliary tract.
129192002 (Procedure on bone of pelvis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MKB (Interventions on bone of pelvic region)BlockL5-MKB is an ICHI organizational block grouping all interventions on the bone of the pelvic region (biopsy, osteotomy, excision, reduction, grafting, etc.), which directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept's scope. The ICHI block is slightly broader in that it covers the full pelvic region rather than just the pelvis bone, but it is the closest available grouping — no single assignable category code captures the concept of an unspecified "procedure on bone of pelvis."
118729003 (Procedure on bone of skull)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAA (Interventions on skull)BlockL5-MAA groups all interventions on the skull (craniotomy, craniectomy, biopsy, fracture reduction, device implantation, etc.) and directly matches the scope of the SNOMED concept. No single assignable ICHI category represents an unspecified "procedure on skull," so the block is the most precise available match, though it is slightly broader as it includes soft tissue/surface skull procedures as well as bone procedures.
118793007 (Procedure on bronchus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBB (Interventions on bronchus)BlockL5-JBB is a well-defined ICHI block explicitly titled "Interventions on bronchus," containing 27 child category codes spanning the full range of bronchial procedures (endoscopy, biopsy, excision, repair, dilatation, etc.). It is a wider match because it groups all possible bronchial interventions, while the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping of unspecified procedures on the bronchus.
438615003 (Procedure on carotid artery using imaging guidance)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IBB (Interventions on carotid artery, extracranial)ICHI has no single code that captures "any procedure on the carotid artery performed under imaging guidance" as a concept; the block BlockL5-IBB groups all extracranial carotid artery interventions regardless of approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically constrains by imaging guidance. Individual imaging-guided codes such as IBB.LH.AF or IBB.JE.AF exist but each represents one specific procedure type, not the class.
359677000 (Procedure on celiac ganglia)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated code or block for the celiac ganglia (solar plexus); the celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic nervous system and XA89R1 identifies it only as a target axis value. The best assignable residual category is ADA.ZZ.ZZ, which covers all sympathetic nervous system interventions not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the celiac ganglia.
118679007 (Procedure on central nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified)ICHI has no single assignable code scoped precisely to "central nervous system" procedures as a class; AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the catch-all residual for the entire nervous system chapter and is therefore broader, as it also encompasses peripheral and autonomic nervous system interventions beyond the CNS.
118806004 (Procedure on coronary arteries)maps to wider conceptHIA (Coronary artery)HIA is the ICHI category-level code for the coronary artery target and serves as the parent grouping for all specific coronary artery intervention codes (e.g., HIA.LI.AA bypass, HIA.JE.AA endarterectomy), making it the closest match for the generic SNOMED concept "procedure on coronary arteries"; it is broader because it encompasses every specific coronary intervention without specifying which one.
118740006 (Procedure on diaphragm)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MCX (Interventions on diaphragm)BlockL5-MCX is the ICHI organisational block covering all interventions on the diaphragm, which is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED grouper concept. A block code is used because the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category rather than a specific procedure, and BlockL5-MCX is the closest structural match — though it is slightly wider as it encompasses all diaphragm intervention types.
118826000 (Procedure on digestive tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system)ICHI's BlockL3-KAA is the top-level block covering all interventions on the digestive system, which encompasses mouth/pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary structures, peritoneum, and functional interventions — slightly broader than the SNOMED concept "digestive tract" (which typically excludes accessory organs). No category-level ICHI code exists for procedures on the digestive tract as a whole; the residual KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is an unspecified catch-all that would be less informative.
118915005 (Procedure on extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BDA (Interventions on ocular muscles)The ICHI block "Interventions on ocular muscles" groups all procedures on extraocular muscles and tendons, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. The block is broader because it also includes intraocular muscle interventions and electrophysiological measurements, while the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping that warrants a block-level assignment.
371548008 (Procedure on eye region)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system)"Eye region" in SNOMED encompasses all periocular and ocular structures (eyelid, orbit, globe, muscles, lacrimal system, and visual functions), and the closest ICHI organisational node is the L3 block covering the entire visual system. No narrower single ICHI code or block captures "eye region" as a whole without being too specific to one sub-structure.
118731007 (Procedure on facial bone)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MAB (Interventions on facial bone, unspecified)The ICHI block "Interventions on facial bone, unspecified" is a direct terminological match and contains child codes covering biopsy, imaging, osteotomy, excision, reduction, reconstruction, and device implantation into facial bone. The block is assigned rather than a single category because the SNOMED concept is itself a procedure grouping rather than a specific intervention.
118869008 (Procedure on fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NMC (Interventions on fallopian tube)The ICHI block "Interventions on fallopian tube" (NMC) is an exact terminological match and contains all specific procedure codes for the fallopian tube (biopsy, excision, occlusion, repair, drainage, etc.). A block-level code is appropriate because the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping covering any type of procedure on the fallopian tube.
118831003 (Procedure on intestine)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KBA (Interventions on gastrointestinal tract)ICHI has no single block covering "intestine" as a whole; separate blocks exist for small intestine (BlockL5-KBK) and large intestine (BlockL5-KBZ) within the gastrointestinal tract block. BlockL4-KBA is the narrowest available ancestor that encompasses all intestinal procedures, but it also includes oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and other GI structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
118890000 (Procedure on lymph node)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DFA (Interventions on lymphatic system)BlockL4-DFA groups all lymph node and lymphatic vessel interventions under "Interventions on lymphatic system," which is broader than the SNOMED concept (lymph nodes only, excluding lymphatic vessels and the thoracic duct); the immediate child block BlockL5-DFA ("Interventions on lymph node other and unspecified") is closer but still covers only the residual/unspecified node category, so the L4 block is the best encompassing match while remaining wider than the SNOMED scope.
118687008 (Procedure on lymphoid system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-DAA (Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system)ICHI's nearest grouper that captures the full lymphoid system (tonsils, adenoids, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, bone marrow) is BlockL3-DAA, which also includes haematopoietic components not implied by the SNOMED term "lymphoid system," making it wider; no narrower ICHI block maps precisely to the lymphoid system alone.
118814005 (Procedure on mouth)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)The closest ICHI organisational block groups mouth and pharynx together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to the mouth. No ICHI block exists for mouth alone, so the block-level code is the best available assignment.
118775006 (Procedure on nipple)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LCA (Interventions on breast)ICHI has no nipple-specific block or category; the breast block (LCA) is the closest structural grouping available, but it covers the entire breast rather than the nipple specifically, making the ICHI block broader than the SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code exists for nipple procedures.
418095008 (Procedure on oculomotor nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAN (Interventions on cranial nerve)The oculomotor nerve is cranial nerve III, and ICHI's cranial nerve block (AAN) covers all cranial nerves without distinguishing individual nerves by number or name. The AAN block is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept, which is specific to the oculomotor nerve.
118684001 (Procedure on olfactory system)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AVB (Interventions on smell function)ICHI does not have a dedicated block for structural/surgical interventions on the olfactory system (nerve, epithelium, bulb); the closest grouping is "Interventions on smell function" (BlockL5-AVB), which covers only functional assessment and training of smell rather than all procedure types on the olfactory anatomy. This block is assigned at block level because no single category code spans the full breadth of the SNOMED concept, and the ICHI scope is broader in that it addresses the functional dimension rather than the anatomical target precisely.
118788009 (Procedure on palate)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI splits palate interventions into two separate Level-5 blocks — BlockL5-KAS (soft palate) and BlockL5-KAT (hard palate) — with no single intermediate block that unifies both under "palate" alone; their shared parent (BlockL4-KAA) also encompasses lips, tongue, teeth, gums, salivary glands, and pharynx, making it too broad. Neither individual palate block alone is equivalent because the SNOMED concept covers both soft and hard palate together.
118825001 (Procedure on pancreas)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KCO (Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct)ICHI's BlockL5-KCO covers all interventions on both the pancreas and pancreatic duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the pancreas. No single assignable ICHI category represents the full scope of "any procedure on pancreas" — the block is the best match for this high-level SNOMED grouper concept.
118769002 (Procedure on parotid gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAL (Interventions on parotid gland)BlockL5-KAL is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the parotid gland, directly matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; it is broader because it encompasses every type of parotid gland intervention (imaging, excision, drainage, repair, etc.) rather than one specific procedure.
118878002 (Procedure on penis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGM (Interventions on penis)The ICHI block "Interventions on penis" covers the full range of procedures on the penis, matching the broad, non-specific nature of the SNOMED category concept. A block code is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a grouping category rather than a specific procedure, and BlockL5-NGM is the direct ICHI equivalent of that grouping.
118802002 (Procedure on pericardium)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HFF (Interventions on pericardium)The ICHI block "Interventions on pericardium" directly corresponds to the SNOMED grouping concept for all procedures on the pericardium, sitting within the circulatory system chapter. The block is broader than any individual procedure code, which is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a non-specific grouping.
118680005 (Procedure on peripheral nervous system)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ACA (Interventions on peripheral nervous system)The ICHI block "Interventions on peripheral nervous system" is the direct structural equivalent of this SNOMED grouping concept, covering all 27 assignable category codes for peripheral nerve procedures. A block code is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping with no specific procedure implied.
127583001 (Procedure on peritoneal sac)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KMA (Interventions on peritoneum)ICHI does not use the anatomical term "peritoneal sac" but "Interventions on peritoneum" (BlockL4-KMA) covers the same anatomical territory, encompassing all procedures on the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity including the peritoneal sac. The mapping is wider because the ICHI block spans both peritoneum and peritoneal cavity broadly, while the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on the peritoneal sac.
118784006 (Procedure on pharynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI splits the pharynx across two separate L5 blocks (nasopharynx under JAM, oral pharynx under KAR), with no single block covering "pharynx" as a unified target; the nearest encompassing block is BlockL4-KAA ("Interventions on mouth or pharynx"), which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it also includes all oral cavity sub-regions. No narrower single code captures the full pharynx.
118877007 (Procedure on prostate)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGA (Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle)BlockL5-NGA is the most precise ICHI grouping for prostate procedures, but its scope includes the seminal vesicle alongside the prostate, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the prostate alone.
129235006 (Procedure on renal pelvis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NAB (Interventions on renal pelvis and pyeloureteral junction)BlockL5-NAB is the most precise ICHI grouping for renal pelvis procedures, but it also encompasses the pyeloureteral junction, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the renal pelvis alone.
129199006 (Procedure on rib)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MCB (Interventions on bone of thoracic cage)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure on the rib, and BlockL5-MCB is the closest ICHI structural grouping covering all interventions on the bone of the thoracic cage (including rib and sternum). No single assignable ICHI category covers the full scope of "procedure on rib" as a category concept, so the block is the appropriate match, and it is broader because it also includes the sternum.
448787005 (Procedure on right ventricular outflow tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HBB (Interventions on right cardiac ventricle)ICHI does have specific right ventricular outflow tract codes (e.g., HBB.JI.AA, HBB.LG.AF) but no single assignable category covers the full scope of "any procedure on the RVOT"; the parent block BlockL5-HBB (Interventions on right cardiac ventricle) is the best structural match for this SNOMED grouper concept, though it is broader as it encompasses the whole right ventricle beyond just the outflow tract.
1264279003 (Procedure on root canal of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)KAE.ML.AC is the sole ICHI code specifically representing root canal intervention, and it aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, it is slightly broader in that "root canal therapy" describes a specific procedure while the SNOMED concept is a grouper for any procedure performed on the root canal (which could include assessment, drainage, or other interventions beyond therapy/reconstruction).
118667007 (Procedure on skeletal muscular system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI does not separate the skeletal muscular system from the broader musculoskeletal system — the closest structural match is the top-level block "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system" (BlockL3-MAA), which also encompasses bones, joints, and connective tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that is scoped to skeletal muscle only.
122945004 (Procedure on skeletal system)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-MAA (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system)ICHI's "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system" (BlockL3-MAA) is the closest match but is broader than "Procedure on skeletal system" as it additionally encompasses muscle and soft tissue interventions beyond the purely skeletal scope of the SNOMED concept.
118719005 (Procedure on skin of head)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAA (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI's closest block "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck" (BlockL5-LAA) is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it includes the neck in addition to the head, and also explicitly covers subcutaneous tissue beyond skin alone.
118723002 (Procedure on skin of lower extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAG (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb)The ICHI block covers the full lower limb and also includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets skin of the lower extremity specifically. As a block (not a leaf category), it encompasses all intervention types on that site, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED parent concept.
118720004 (Procedure on skin of neck)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAA (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI groups the neck together with the head into a single block with no neck-only subdivision, so the closest match is broader than the SNOMED concept; it also includes subcutaneous cell tissue and the head region that SNOMED does not reference.
118721000 (Procedure on skin of trunk)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAB (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)The ICHI block matches the trunk site precisely but is broader because it also encompasses subcutaneous cell tissue in addition to skin, and as a block it spans all intervention action types rather than a single procedure.
118722007 (Procedure on skin of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAE (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the upper limb)The ICHI block matches the upper limb site directly but is broader because it includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin and spans all intervention types, whereas SNOMED identifies skin of the upper extremity as the target anatomical site.
118874000 (Procedure on spermatic cord)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGD (Interventions on spermatic cord)BlockL5-NGD is the ICHI block grouping all interventions on the spermatic cord, which is the closest structural match to the unspecified SNOMED category concept. The ICHI block is broader in that it encompasses every specific procedure type (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) under one grouping, while the SNOMED concept similarly represents an unspecified procedure on that structure, making it the best available fit.
118886002 (Procedure on spinal meninges)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABC (Interventions on spinal meninges)BlockL5-ABC directly names "Interventions on spinal meninges" and sits within the spinal cord structures branch of the nervous system chapter, matching the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope. As a block rather than a leaf category it is broader in specificity, which is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself an unspecified procedure-type grouping.
238181003 (Procedure on spine)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)ICHI uses "vertebral column" as the anatomical term for what SNOMED calls "spine," and BlockL4-MBA is the parent block that encompasses all sub-regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, unspecified), matching the unspecified, region-agnostic nature of the SNOMED concept. No single category code exists for the spine as a whole, so the block is the correct level.
118921009 (Procedure on spleen)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-DJA (Interventions on spleen)BlockL4-DJA directly corresponds to interventions on the spleen within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept exactly. The block is used rather than any individual category because the SNOMED concept is an unspecified procedure grouping covering all procedure types on this organ.
129198003 (Procedure on sternum)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MCB (Interventions on bone of thoracic cage)ICHI groups the sternum with ribs under "bone of thoracic cage" (BlockL5-MCB) rather than providing a sternum-only block or category; all individual codes (e.g., MCB.AD.AA biopsy, MCB.ML.AA reconstruction) explicitly reference "rib or sternum," so this block is the closest available grouping. The ICHI scope is wider because it includes ribs alongside the sternum, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the sternum alone.
118830002 (Procedure on stomach)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KBF (Interventions on stomach)The SNOMED concept is a high-level category grouping all procedures on the stomach, which maps best to the ICHI block "Interventions on stomach" (BlockL5-KBF) rather than any single assignable category code. The ICHI block is broader than any individual procedure but faithfully represents the full scope of the SNOMED grouper concept.
118779000 (Procedure on sublingual duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI has no code specific to the sublingual duct; the closest structural home is the "Interventions on salivary gland" block (BlockL5-KAM), which covers all salivary gland and duct interventions including those on the sublingual duct. The ICHI level is broader, encompassing all salivary glands and ducts rather than the sublingual duct specifically.
118770001 (Procedure on sublingual gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI has no code dedicated to the sublingual gland specifically; the extension code XA51Q9 ("Sublingual gland") exists as an anatomical qualifier but there are no assignable intervention codes at that level of specificity. The block BlockL5-KAM ("Interventions on salivary gland") is the best available match, covering all salivary gland procedures including sublingual, and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
118780002 (Procedure on submaxillary duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)"Submaxillary duct" is the older synonym for the submandibular (Wharton's) duct; ICHI has no dedicated code for this structure, but the block BlockL5-KAM ("Interventions on salivary gland") is the best assignable structural equivalent, being broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to that single duct.
118771002 (Procedure on submaxillary gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)"Submaxillary gland" is the older term for the submandibular gland; ICHI recognises this anatomy via extension code XA9Q61 ("Submandibular gland") but provides no specific intervention codes at that level of granularity. BlockL5-KAM ("Interventions on salivary gland") is the best available mapping and is wider, encompassing all major salivary glands rather than the submaxillary gland alone.
118871008 (Procedure on testis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGL (Interventions on testis)BlockL5-NGL is the ICHI organizational block that groups all testis procedures and is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept, but as a block it is broader in ICHI structural terms (it subsumes all child categories such as biopsy, incision, excision, repair of testis). No single assignable category code covers the full scope of "procedure on testis."
118917002 (Procedure on thoracic duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFP (Interventions on thoracic duct)BlockL5-DFP directly maps to all interventions on the thoracic duct within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, matching the SNOMED concept precisely in scope; it is classified wider because it is an ICHI block subsuming multiple child categories (fistulisation, occlusion, cannulation, closure) rather than a single assignable code.
118695007 (Procedure on thorax)maps to wider conceptPAE (Thorax)PAE is an assignable ICHI category code whose parent block (BlockL5-PAE "Interventions on thorax") covers topographical thorax-region procedures, aligning with the SNOMED concept; it is wider because the SNOMED concept "Procedure on thorax" is itself a high-level grouper, and ICHI's coverage of thorax-specific procedures is spread across multiple system-based blocks (respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal).
385449002 (Procedure on tonsils)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAA (Interventions on tonsil)BlockL5-DAA is the ICHI block specifically for tonsil interventions (distinct from the parent BlockL4-DAA which also includes adenoid), providing the closest scope match to the SNOMED concept; it is wider because it is an organisational block subsuming all tonsil procedure categories (biopsy, excision, tonsillectomy, drainage, etc.) rather than a single procedure.
118818008 (Procedure on tooth)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAE (Interventions on teeth)ICHI has a dedicated block "Interventions on teeth" (BlockL5-KAE) with 17 specific child codes covering the full range of dental procedures. The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on a tooth, which aligns with this block; a block code is appropriate since no single category code captures all tooth procedures.
118803007 (Procedure on trabeculae carneae cordis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-HFD (Interventions on myocardium)Trabeculae carneae cordis are muscular ridges that are part of the myocardium (inner ventricular wall); ICHI does not have a code specific to this structure, so the closest parent is the myocardium block (BlockL5-HFD). This is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to the trabecular structures of the heart wall.
118792002 (Procedure on trachea)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JBA (Interventions on trachea)ICHI has a dedicated block "Interventions on trachea" (BlockL5-JBA) with over 20 specific child procedure codes covering the full scope of tracheal interventions. As the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category for any tracheal procedure, assigning the matching ICHI block is appropriate and semantically aligned.
418964004 (Procedure on trochlear nerve)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-AAN (Interventions on cranial nerve)The trochlear nerve is cranial nerve IV; ICHI does not have a code specific to the trochlear nerve, but it has a dedicated block for all cranial nerve interventions (BlockL5-AAN) with 21 child codes. This block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped specifically to the trochlear nerve.
129170001 (Procedure on tunica vaginalis testis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGL (Interventions on testis)ICHI does not have a dedicated block or code for the tunica vaginalis alone; the only ICHI code mentioning it is NGL.FA.AA "Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis." The broader block "Interventions on testis" (BlockL5-NGL) is the best structural match, as this structure is anatomically grouped with the testis in ICHI.
118875004 (Procedure on vas deferens)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGD (Interventions on spermatic cord)ICHI has no dedicated "Interventions on vas deferens" block; all vas deferens procedures (vasotomy, vasovasostomy, vasostomy, valve insertion) are classified under BlockL5-NGD "Interventions on spermatic cord," which is broader as it also includes interventions on the epididymis and other spermatic cord structures beyond the vas deferens alone.
386609006 (Procedure on vein)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-IZD (Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single assignable category covering all vein procedures; the best fit is the NEC block "Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified," which is an organisational grouping broader than any individual procedure. The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category covering any procedure on any vein, but the ICHI block is still broader because it also encompasses vein-specific anatomical sub-blocks scattered across other blocks.
118736002 (Procedure on vertebra)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)ICHI organises vertebral interventions under the block "Interventions on vertebral column" (BlockL4-MBA), which encompasses all vertebral regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx) and intervertebral discs. This block is broader than "Procedure on vertebra" because it also includes intervertebral disc procedures, but it is the closest structural match available at this level of generality.
118790005 (Procedure on vocal cord)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAN (Interventions on larynx and epiglottis)ICHI does not have a dedicated block or category for "procedures on the vocal cord" as a target; vocal cord procedures (including JAN.JK.AD Vocal cordectomy) are subsumed under the larynx-and-epiglottis block. That block covers the full larynx and epiglottis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which scopes specifically to the vocal cord.
42238002 (Proctoscopy)maps to wider conceptKBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum)Proctoscopy is a rigid-instrument visual examination of the rectum and anal canal specifically; KBW.AE.AC covers examination of the rectum broadly without specifying the rigid proctoscope instrument, making the ICHI code somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept which implies the specific technique.
410149002 (Professional / ancillary services assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI's "General health assessment" on the whole person (PZB target) is the closest available concept, but it is broader than an assessment specifically limited to professional/ancillary services; no ICHI code captures the specific disciplinary-service framing of this SNOMED concept.
409023009 (Professional / ancillary services care)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)"Professional / ancillary services care" is a high-level administrative grouper for care delivered by any professional or ancillary service; the closest ICHI concept is the unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which is similarly broad but not disciplinary-service-specific.
410151003 (Professional / ancillary services management)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZY.ZY (Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified)"Professional / ancillary services management" is a generic administrative grouper; ICHI's residual "Other health management encounter, NEC" on the whole person is the closest available catch-all, though it is broader and not specifically tied to professional/ancillary service disciplines.
895382009 (Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis) is the best available ICHI code for any form of extracorporeal or peritoneal renal replacement therapy performed on the kidney; however, it does not distinguish the prolonged intermittent modality (PIRRT/SLED) from standard intermittent haemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
710120003 (Promotion of walking using mobility aid)maps to wider conceptSJA.PH.ZZ (Training in walking)SJA.PH.ZZ covers training in walking as a rehabilitation intervention, which is the closest ICHI match to promoting walking, but it does not capture the specific element of using a mobility aid as the means; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
726636007 (Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)LCA.JK.AA represents total mastectomy without specifying prophylactic intent or bilateral performance; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both its indication (risk-reduction) and laterality (bilateral), so the ICHI code is broader. Bilateral laterality can be expressed via ICHI extension codes, but the prophylactic intent has no ICHI representation.
170507002 (Prophylactic dental extraction)maps to wider conceptKAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)KAE.JE.AC is the standard ICHI code for non-surgical tooth extraction and covers the procedure itself, but does not encode the prophylactic indication; ICHI has no mechanism for expressing preventive intent, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept.
226049009 (Proprioception awareness work)maps to wider conceptAVC.PH.ZZ (Training of proprioceptive functions)"Proprioception awareness work" is a rehabilitation exercise aimed at improving proprioceptive sense, which maps well to "Training of proprioceptive functions" (AVC.PH.ZZ); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any training modality for proprioception, while the SNOMED concept specifically implies awareness/sensory re-education exercises.
108053008 (Prostate destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA is the unspecified/residual destruction code for the prostate and seminal vesicle, which is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it also includes the seminal vesicle, and the SNOMED concept is itself a category-level grouper (not approach-specific). More specific approach-coded children exist but the parent is the best fit for a non-approach-specified grouper.
19864005 (Prostatomembranous urethrorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)NAM.MK.AA covers repair of the urethra in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes suture repair at the prostatomembranous urethral junction (typically after traumatic disruption). ICHI has no code specific to the prostatomembranous segment, so the generic urethral repair code is the best available match, making it broader.
178495004 (Prosthesis to mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.DN.AA (Implantation of device into mandible)MAG.DN.AA captures the core act of implanting a device (prosthesis) into the mandible, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI's "device" is broader than a prosthesis specifically, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
239495002 (Prosthetic arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into finger or hand joint)MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into any finger or hand joint via open approach, which encompasses prosthetic arthroplasty of the IP joint of a finger. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all finger/hand joints (not just IP) and all implanted devices (not just prostheses).
239524007 (Prosthetic arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of lesser toe)maps to wider conceptMOJ.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code, covering device implantation into any foot or toe joint, which encompasses a prosthetic arthroplasty of the IP joint of a lesser toe. The ICHI code is wider because it spans all foot/toe joints and all internal devices rather than prostheses at the IP joint specifically.
1288025000 (Prosthetic arthroplasty of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site)MRJ.DN.AA matches the generic, site-unspecified nature of this SNOMED concept well, covering implantation of a device into a joint at any location. The ICHI code is wider because "device" encompasses more than prostheses and "implantation" does not exclusively denote arthroplasty.
239514004 (Prosthetic arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of hallux)maps to wider conceptMOJ.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.DN.AA is the best available match, as ICHI does not have a code specific to the hallux interphalangeal joint; the code covers all foot and toe joints. The ICHI code is wider on both the anatomical target and the intervention type.
239488006 (Prosthetic arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb)maps to wider conceptMGJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into finger or hand joint)MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a prosthetic device into any finger or hand joint, which subsumes the thumb interphalangeal joint but is anatomically broader (encompasses all fingers and the hand). ICHI lacks a code specific to the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, so the best available code is this broader hand/finger joint category.
427560001 (Prosthetic hybrid replacement of shoulder joint using cemented humeral component)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into shoulder joint)MDJ.DN.AA captures prosthetic device implantation into the shoulder joint but does not encode the hybrid fixation method, the cemented humeral component, or the distinction from a total shoulder replacement. The ICHI code is the most precise available match for a shoulder arthroplasty procedure in the classification.
425989007 (Prosthetic hybrid total arthroplasty of shoulder joint using cemented glenoid component)maps to wider conceptMDJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into shoulder joint)MDJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code for shoulder joint prosthetic implantation but does not encode total arthroplasty nature, hybrid fixation, or the cemented glenoid component; both SNOMED shoulder hybrid arthroplasty concepts map to the same broader ICHI code.
426904006 (Prosthetic hybrid total replacement of hip joint using cemented acetabular component)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)MLJ.DN.AA represents device implantation into the hip joint but does not capture the total replacement nature, hybrid fixation strategy, or the cemented acetabular component; it is the closest available ICHI code for a hip arthroplasty procedure.
426618001 (Prosthetic hybrid total replacement of hip joint using cemented femoral component)maps to wider conceptMLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)MLJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI match for hip joint prosthetic implantation but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a hybrid total replacement with a cemented femoral stem component.
265196006 (Prosthetic interposition reconstruction of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site)ICHI's closest code covers implantation of a device into a joint at an unspecified anatomical site, which captures the prosthetic device placement aspect of the SNOMED concept. It does not encode the interposition/reconstruction technique, the prosthetic nature of the material, or any specific joint site, making it broader.
307279007 (Prosthetic replacement of heart valve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI encodes heart valve replacement at the level of each individual valve rather than providing a single generic "heart valve replacement" code; the parent block BlockL4-HDE covers all heart valve interventions and is thus broader than the SNOMED concept, which is itself unspecified as to which valve.
232753006 (Prosthetic replacement of mitral chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI has no dedicated code for prosthetic chordal replacement specifically; HDF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which encompasses the chordae tendineae), making it the closest match but broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
239509003 (Prosthetic total arthroplasty of the metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux)maps to wider conceptMOJ.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe)ICHI groups all foot and toe joints together in MOJ without distinguishing the first metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and the code covers implantation of any internal device into any foot/toe joint rather than total prosthetic arthroplasty of the hallux MTP joint.
44340006 (Prosthodontic dental consultation and report)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no specific code for a prosthodontic subspecialty consultation; KAE.AE.AC is the closest available code within the teeth interventions block, but does not capture the specialty context (prosthodontics) or the report/consultation dimension.
370841000 (Protecting from cross-contamination)maps to wider conceptUEP.VE.ZZ (Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies)"Protecting from cross-contamination" is a specific clinical infection prevention action, while UEP.VE.ZZ covers the broader category of health care infection control measures at the services/systems/policies level. No ICHI code captures the bedside or procedural act of preventing cross-contamination between individuals specifically.
252682007 (Protein-losing enteropathy study using radiolabeled chromium chloride)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to protein-losing enteropathy assessment or radiolabeled chromium chloride studies; KZZ.BA.BE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all nuclear GI tract imaging and does not specify the protein-loss indication or chromium technique.
870251000 (Proton pump inhibitor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI does not have a code specific to proton pump inhibitor therapy or acid suppression; PZX.TI.ZZ is the closest applicable code as PPI therapy is a pharmacological prescription-based intervention. The ICHI code is significantly broader, covering any pharmacotherapy prescription.
183124005 (Provide body worn hearing aid)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)ICHI's most granular code for fitting/installing a hearing aid is PAB.DP.AH, which covers the head or neck site — hearing aids are functionally worn at the ear/head regardless of body placement. There is no ICHI code distinguishing body-worn versus head-worn hearing aid subtypes.
183123004 (Provide head worn hearing aid)maps to wider conceptPAB.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to head or neck)A head-worn hearing aid is an assistive product installed at the head/neck region. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assistive product at the head or neck and does not distinguish hearing aids from other assistive devices, nor body-worn from head-worn subtypes.
423047003 (Provider instructions to the pharmacy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)Issuing provider instructions to the pharmacy corresponds most directly to the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy. The ICHI code is slightly broader because a formal prescription encompasses more than informal instructions, but it is the closest available ICHI category.
225947001 (Providing sputum carton)maps to wider conceptJBB.AH.XC (Specimen collection of sputum)JBB.AH.XC covers the act of collecting sputum as a specimen, which is the clinical purpose behind providing a sputum carton (the container used to enable self-collection). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full specimen collection act, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about supplying the physical container.
737842006 (Provision of advice about taking acetaminophen)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ captures advising about medications in general, which is the correct semantic domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all medications, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about acetaminophen (paracetamol).
1338046009 (Provision of air conditioner)maps to wider conceptUBL.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to improve indoor air quality)An air conditioner is one specific type of good provided to improve indoor air quality, so the ICHI code covers this and many other goods beyond it. No more specific ICHI code for air conditioning exists in the classification.
1338045008 (Provision of air filtration device)maps to wider conceptUBL.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to improve indoor air quality)An air filtration device is a specific good provided to improve indoor air quality; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any goods for that purpose rather than filtration devices specifically.
1354850001 (Provision of allergen-impermeable bed mattress cover)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)An allergen-impermeable mattress cover is a personal-use good, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers all personal daily-living goods rather than allergen-barrier bedding specifically; no allergen or bedding-specific ICHI category exists.
1354849001 (Provision of allergen-impermeable pillowcase)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)An allergen-impermeable pillowcase is a personal-use good with the same mapping rationale as the mattress cover; UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is considerably broader than this specific item.
1354848009 (Provision of allergy safe cleaning supplies)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Allergy-safe cleaning supplies are personal-use goods provided for daily living, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best available ICHI match, though it is broader and does not capture the allergy-safety or cleaning-specific nature of the SNOMED concept.
243737002 (Provision of ancillary low vision aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Low vision aids (magnifiers, spectacles, electronic devices) are assistive products used in daily living, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a specific code for low vision aids; the ICHI category encompasses all personal daily living assistive goods.
228605002 (Provision of arm sling)maps to wider conceptPMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)An arm sling is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any external immobilisation device to the entire upper limb NEC, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a sling.
445509006 (Provision of bed cradle)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A bed cradle is an assistive device (a frame placed over a bed to keep bedding off injured or sensitive areas); UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is much broader, encompassing all assistive products for personal daily living use.
312651008 (Provision of childminding)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)Childminding is the arrangement and delivery of supervised personal care for a child by a caregiver, which falls under ICHI's concept of providing services in relation to personal care providers. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all age groups and types of personal care arrangements, not specifically child supervision.
716737009 (Provision of commercial flight with stretcher facility)maps to wider conceptPZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person)The SNOMED concept describes a specific mode of patient transport (commercial airline with stretcher accommodation), while ICHI's "Transporting person" code covers any act of moving a patient regardless of modality; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
228620008 (Provision of communication aid)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)UAF.RD.ZZ covers providing any goods within the communication products and technology domain, which encompasses communication aids broadly. The SNOMED concept is more specific in referring to an assistive "communication aid" (typically augmentative and alternative communication devices), while the ICHI code does not distinguish device type.
243750001 (Provision of communicator for visual and hearing impairment)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to provision of a deafblind communicator (a specialised device for dual sensory impairment), while ICHI's closest assignable category UAF.RD.ZZ covers all provision of communication goods without distinguishing device type or target population.
304903009 (Provision of day care)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)Day care (supervised daytime attendance at a centre for individuals who need support) is a form of general social support service. UEO.RG.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is substantially broader, covering all types of general social support service provision rather than the specific structured day-care model.
1351731006 (Provision of dehumidifier)maps to wider conceptUBL.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to improve indoor air quality)A dehumidifier is a specific type of goods provided to improve indoor air quality (by reducing moisture), so the SNOMED concept is more specific than this ICHI code which covers all goods provided to improve indoor air quality. No more specific ICHI code for humidity control or dehumidifier exists in the classification.
444895009 (Provision of drinking aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A drinking aid is an assistive product provided for personal use in daily living, which fits within UAD.RD.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all goods for daily living rather than specifically drinking aids.
243734009 (Provision of electronic low vision aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)An electronic low vision aid is an assistive product supplied for personal daily living use, fitting within UAD.RD.ZZ; no more specific ICHI code for electronic visual aids or low vision devices was found, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best available but considerably broader match.
228621007 (Provision of environmental control system)maps to wider conceptUAD.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products for personal use in daily living)An environmental control system (ECS) is an assistive technology device that enables people with physical disabilities to control home appliances and their environment; its provision involves installation/fitting, which aligns with UAD.DP.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assistive product for personal daily living, not specifically ECS/home automation systems.
312631009 (Provision of feeding aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A feeding aid (adapted cutlery, plate guards, etc.) is an assistive product for daily living that is handed/provided to the patient; UAD.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing such goods. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all goods for personal daily living, not specifically feeding aids.
312346007 (Provision of foot orthosis)maps to wider conceptPND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)A foot orthosis (insole, ankle-foot orthosis, etc.) is an assistive product applied to the foot, and PND.DP.AH directly captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product at the foot site. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product at the foot, not exclusively orthoses.
302807005 (Provision of footwear)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Footwear is a product for personal daily use; in the absence of a specific ICHI code for footwear provision, UAD.RD.ZZ is the most appropriate available code. The ICHI code is broader as it spans all goods for daily living rather than footwear specifically.
715936003 (Provision of formal caregiver patient escort)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)The SNOMED concept describes the specific act of a formal caregiver escorting a patient (accompanying them to appointments or locations), which falls under the broader ICHI category covering the provision of services by personal care providers and personal assistants. UCH.RG.ZZ is broader because it encompasses the full range of personal care and assistant services, not just escort/accompaniment.
228618005 (Provision of hand rail)maps to wider conceptUAL.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to aspects of buildings for private use)A hand rail is typically installed as a home modification to support mobility and safety in private dwellings; the closest ICHI concept is environment modification to buildings for private use, which covers such structural adaptations. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any building modification, while the SNOMED concept is specific to providing a hand rail.
243729005 (Provision of headband distance telescope)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A headband distance telescope is a low-vision optical aid (an assistive product worn on the head to enhance distance vision), which falls within the scope of providing assistive goods for personal use in daily living. No more specific ICHI code exists for optical/telescopic low-vision aids as prescription items.
715932001 (Provision of healthcare assistant patient escort)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)Healthcare assistants providing patient escort services are personal care providers/assistants in the ICHI framework; UCH.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing such personal care support services. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of personal care and assistant services rather than being limited to healthcare assistant escort specifically.
228614007 (Provision of hoist)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)A hoist (patient/person lift) is an assistive product used for moving or repositioning persons with limited mobility, fitting within the ICHI category for providing goods related to personal indoor and outdoor mobility. UAE.RD.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all mobility-related goods, not just hoisting equipment specifically.
1351733009 (Provision of humidifier)maps to wider conceptUBL.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to improve indoor air quality)A humidifier is a device provided to improve indoor air quality (specifically humidity), so this code captures the correct environmental target and "providing goods" action. However, UBL.RD.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any goods for indoor air quality, not specifically humidification devices.
1351557007 (Provision of hygrometer)maps to wider conceptUBL.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to improve indoor air quality)A hygrometer is a measurement instrument for indoor humidity/air quality; providing it falls under supplying goods related to indoor air quality. UBL.RD.ZZ is broader as it covers all goods for indoor air quality improvement, not specifically humidity-monitoring instruments.
715939005 (Provision of informal caregiver patient escort)maps to wider conceptUCH.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants)An informal caregiver providing patient escort is a form of personal care support service; UCH.RG.ZZ is the closest match in the support-and-relationships domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the full range of personal care provider services.
423785008 (Provision of interpreter/translator services)maps to wider conceptUCL.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from other professionals)Interpreter/translator services are a form of professional support service; UCL.RG.ZZ is the best available ICHI code under the support-and-relationships environment domain. The match is wider because UCL covers any non-specified professional support, while the SNOMED concept is specific to language interpretation/translation.
1344653007 (Provision of kitchenware)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Kitchenware is a subset of products and technology for personal use in daily living, so UAD.RD.ZZ is broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No narrower ICHI code exists specifically for kitchenware or kitchen equipment.
226051008 (Provision of lift)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)A lift (stairlift or patient hoist) is a mobility and transportation assistive product, falling under UAE.RD.ZZ, but that code covers all mobility/transportation goods broadly, not just lifts specifically.
243752009 (Provision of long cane)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)A long cane (white cane) is an assistive product for personal mobility used by visually impaired persons; ICHI lists "White canes" and "Canes/sticks" as extension terms without standalone assignable codes, making UAE.RD.ZZ the closest assignable category covering provision of such mobility goods.
312614002 (Provision of mainstream school, modified)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support to enable participation in school education, which encompasses the act of providing a mainstream school placement, but the ICHI code does not capture the "modified" (i.e., adapted curriculum or environment) distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
312615001 (Provision of mainstream school, unmodified)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)As with the modified variant, STE.RB.ZZ is the best ICHI match for arranging school education participation, but the code covers all practical support for school engagement without specifying whether the curriculum is standard or adapted, making it broader.
713114000 (Provision of medication list)maps to wider conceptUAC.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to medications)UAC.TB.ZZ, under the interventions on medicaments block, is the closest ICHI code for producing a structured medication-related document; however, it encompasses the broader activity of medication planning rather than specifically the act of compiling and providing a medication list.
713113006 (Provision of medication schedule)maps to wider conceptUAC.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to medications)A medication schedule (a timed dosing plan) is a specific output of medication planning, so UAC.TB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, but it is broader, covering all forms of planning in relation to medications rather than the specific act of creating and providing a dosing schedule.
713112001 (Provision of memory device)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A memory device (e.g. an electronic reminder aid used for cognitive compensation) is a specific type of assistive product for daily living; ICHI has no dedicated code for memory/reminder device provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest assignable code but covers all daily-living goods broadly.
1338051003 (Provision of microwave oven)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A microwave oven provided as a health intervention (e.g. for a patient unable to use conventional cooking) is a product for personal use in daily living; ICHI contains no code specific to kitchen appliance provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available match, though it is substantially broader.
713111008 (Provision of monitored dosage system)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A monitored dosage system (pill organiser/compliance aid) is an assistive product for administering medicines; ICHI contains an "Assistive products for administrating medicines" entry but it carries no assignable code, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest codeable option, albeit broader than the SNOMED concept.
313125000 (Provision of nocturnal bladder warning system)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A nocturnal bladder (enuresis) alarm is an assistive signalling product for managing incontinence; ICHI lists "Personal emergency alarm systems" but it has no assignable code, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best codeable match and is wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
243733003 (Provision of non-optical low vision aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Non-optical low vision aids (e.g. large-print materials, talking clocks, lighting aids) are assistive products for daily living; no assignable ICHI code exists for non-optical low vision aids specifically, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best codeable choice despite being broader.
312617009 (Provision of nursery school, modified)maps to wider conceptSTD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in preschool education)STD.RB.ZZ covers practical support for preschool/nursery-school participation, which broadly matches the concept of arranging or facilitating modified nursery school attendance. However, it does not capture the "modified" (adapted/special-needs) dimension of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
312618004 (Provision of nursery school, unmodified)maps to wider conceptSTD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in preschool education)STD.RB.ZZ represents practical support to enable engagement in preschool education, which aligns with facilitating standard nursery school attendance. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of practical support for preschool participation, not only the act of arranging or providing a nursery school placement.
243706002 (Provision of ocular cosmetic shell)maps to wider conceptBZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)A cosmetic ocular shell is a type of ocular prosthetic, and BZZ.SM.AH covers management (which includes fitting and provision) of ocular prosthetics. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all ocular prosthetic management activities and does not distinguish a cosmetic shell specifically from other ocular prostheses.
448389006 (Provision of pedometer)maps to wider conceptVEB.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to support improved physical activity behaviours)A pedometer is a physical activity monitoring device provided specifically to support improved physical activity behaviours, which maps well to VEB.RD.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any goods supporting physical activity behaviour improvement, not only pedometers specifically.
183232006 (Provision of penile sheath)maps to wider conceptNGM.DP.AH (Fitting of external penile prosthesis)A penile sheath (condom catheter used for urinary management) is an external device fitted to the penis, which corresponds most closely to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) in the penis interventions block. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any external penile device fitting rather than being specific to urinary sheaths.
243756007 (Provision of penile tension band device)maps to wider conceptNGM.DP.AH (Fitting of external penile prosthesis)A penile tension band (used for erectile dysfunction management) is an external device applied to the penis, mapping to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) as the closest available code for externally fitted penile devices. The ICHI code is broader since it does not distinguish between device types or clinical purposes.
243755006 (Provision of penile vacuum constriction device)maps to wider conceptNGM.DP.AH (Fitting of external penile prosthesis)A penile vacuum constriction device is an external device used to induce erection and maps to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) as the best available ICHI code for externally fitted penile devices. The ICHI code is broader as it does not differentiate between external device types (prosthesis, vacuum device, tension band).
443131005 (Provision of personal alarm device with link to provider service)maps to wider conceptUAF.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products for communication)A personal alarm device with a provider link is a communication-oriented assistive product, and UAF.DP.ZZ covers installation of assistive products for communication broadly; it is wider because it encompasses all communication assistive products, not specifically alarm devices linked to a monitoring service.
736762004 (Provision of personal protective equipment)maps to wider conceptVC1.RD.ZZ (Providing goods to support improved safety-related behaviours, unspecified)Providing PPE is supplying goods for safety purposes, which aligns with VC1.RD.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is framed around behaviour support rather than the direct act of equipment provision, making it broader.
312620001 (Provision of pre-school age home teacher)maps to wider conceptSTD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in preschool education)Arranging a home teacher for a pre-school child is a form of practical support facilitating engagement in preschool education; ICHI is wider because it covers any such practical support and does not specify home-based delivery.
312619007 (Provision of pre-school play group)maps to wider conceptSXD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in playing)A pre-school play group is a structured social-play environment; SXD.RB.ZZ is the closest match as it targets facilitation of play participation, but is wider because it covers any practical support for playing.
763308002 (Provision of prefabricated pneumatic walking brace)maps to wider conceptPNC.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to lower leg)A pneumatic walking brace (e.g., aircast) is an assistive product applied to the lower leg, and PNC.DP.AH is the anatomically specific ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any lower-leg assistive product.
228606001 (Provision of pressure garment)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no specific code for pressure (compression) garments; UAD.RD.ZZ is the nearest applicable concept but is much broader than pressure garments alone.
228617000 (Provision of pressure relief equipment)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)ICHI has no standalone assignable category for provision of pressure relief equipment as a clinical intervention; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest parent-level code but substantially broader.
312634001 (Provision of prosthesis)maps to wider conceptUA1.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products, unspecified)ICHI prosthesis codes are body-part-specific with no general "provision of prosthesis" category; UA1.DP.ZZ is the closest generic match for installation of assistive products at the unspecified level.
715946001 (Provision of registered nurse patient escort)maps to wider conceptUCK.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to support from health professionals)A registered nurse escorting a patient is a specific instance of a health professional providing a support service, fitting UCK.RG.ZZ; however, ICHI does not distinguish escort/accompaniment as a discrete action, making the code broader.
446499008 (Provision of replacement hearing aid)maps to wider conceptUAF.KB.ZZ (Change of products and technology for communication)UAF targets products and technology for communication (where hearing aids fall) and the action KB ("change") captures replacing an existing device; the code is broader because it covers any communication technology change.
228611004 (Provision of seating)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Seating (including specialised/adaptive seating) falls under products and technology for personal daily living; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all personal daily-living goods.
312622009 (Provision of special class unit - mainstream school)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)Establishing a special class unit within a mainstream school is a form of practical, structural support enabling engagement in school education (STE/RB); the code is broader because it covers any practical support for school participation.
312623004 (Provision of special day school)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)A special day school is a specialist non-residential placement for children with SEN; ICHI's STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support for school education without distinction for special needs or day/residential delivery.
312621002 (Provision of special educational needs nursery)maps to wider conceptSTD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in preschool education)A SEN nursery is a pre-school setting for children with disabilities or developmental needs, mapping to ICHI's preschool education target (STD); ICHI does not capture the special-needs specificity.
312624005 (Provision of special residential school)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)A special residential school is a boarding school for children with SEN; STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support for school education generally with no distinction for residential placement.
312627003 (Provision of specialist further education)maps to wider conceptSTG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in higher education)UK "further education" refers to post-school education for individuals who may have disabilities, aligning with ICHI's higher-education target (STG); ICHI does not capture the specialist/disability-adapted nature.
445062008 (Provision of specialized eating utensils)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)Specialized eating utensils are assistive products for personal daily living; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest match but is broader, covering any daily living product rather than adapted eating utensils specifically.
243725004 (Provision of telescopic spectacles)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)No assignable ICHI code exists for provision of spectacles or optical aids specifically; UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available code covering provision of assistive products for personal daily use, but is substantially broader.
1234811005 (Provision of therapeutic bed)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A therapeutic bed is an assistive product for personal daily living; the ICHI code covers all goods for personal daily use and is broader than the specific provision of a therapeutic bed.
736858000 (Provision of toileting aid)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A toileting aid is an assistive product for daily self-care; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest assignable code covering provision of assistive goods for personal daily living, though much broader.
1230037001 (Provision of urine bottle)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A urine bottle (urinal) is a personal daily living product; ICHI has no specific code for urine bottle provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available match though broader.
734487007 (Provision of voice production device)maps to wider conceptUAF.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for communication)A voice production device (e.g., electrolarynx or speech-generating device) is a communication technology product; UAF.RD.ZZ captures the act of providing communication goods at a broader level of granularity.
866180008 (Provision of wearable defibrillation system)maps to wider conceptUAD.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal use in daily living)A wearable defibrillation vest is an external, non-implanted personal health device; ICHI implantable defibrillator codes do not apply, making UAD.RD.ZZ the broadest reasonable fit for providing this personal-use medical device.
228613001 (Provision of wheelchair)maps to wider conceptUAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)A wheelchair is a product for personal mobility, and UAE.RD.ZZ specifically covers providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation; the code is wider because it encompasses all mobility/transportation goods.
243741003 (Provision of work clamp)maps to wider conceptUAH.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for employment)A work clamp is an assistive device used in vocational/employment contexts; UAH.RD.ZZ covers provision of any products and technology for employment purposes, broader than this specific adaptive tool.
699840007 (Provision of written information about antibiotic therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, encompassing antibiotics as a subcategory but not restricting to antibiotic therapy or specifying the written modality.
699833006 (Provision of written information about atrial fibrillation)maps to wider conceptHT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac rhythm disorder, so cardiovascular system education is the most relevant ICHI category; the code covers all cardiovascular functions broadly rather than AF specifically.
715879000 (Provision of written information about diabetes and high cholesterol)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)ETB.PM.ZZ covers education about general metabolic functions, encompassing diabetes, but does not capture the lipid/cholesterol component; a single ICHI code cannot represent both conditions.
719943000 (Provision of written information about diabetes and high hemoglobin A1c level)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)ETB.PM.ZZ is the best fit for diabetes-related metabolic education, but HbA1c is a haematological laboratory marker not separately captured in ICHI; the code is broader and does not reflect the glycaemic monitoring focus.
715759002 (Provision of written information about diabetes and hypertension)maps to wider conceptETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)ETB.PM.ZZ addresses the diabetes/metabolic component but does not cover hypertension, which falls under vascular/blood pressure functions in ICHI; no single ICHI category captures both conditions.
21611000175104 (Provision of written information about exercise)maps to wider conceptVEB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence physical activity behaviours)ICHI does not distinguish written from verbal education; VEB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting physical activity behaviours broadly, which subsumes the SNOMED concept of providing written information about exercise.
771553006 (Provision of written information about female genital mutilation)maps to wider conceptVBB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours)ICHI has no FGM-specific education code; VBB.PM.ZZ is the closest as FGM is classified internationally as a form of gender-based/family violence, but the code is broader and does not capture the written information modality.
734805007 (Provision of written information about financial support)maps to wider conceptUEN.PM.ZZ (Education about social security services, systems and policies)Financial support entitlements fall within the social security domain in ICHI; UEN.PM.ZZ covers education about social security services broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept.
718287008 (Provision of written information about heart failure)maps to wider conceptHT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no heart failure-specific education code; HT2.PM.ZZ is the best available match as heart failure represents impaired cardiovascular function, though it encompasses all cardiovascular function education.
734280006 (Provision of written information about hospice service)maps to wider conceptUEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)Hospice is a specific type of health service; UEP.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering education about health services broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept restricted to hospice services.
699841006 (Provision of written information about parenting)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PM.ZZ (Education to influence parenting behaviours)VEJ.PM.ZZ directly covers education targeting parenting behaviours; however, it is broader (any parenting education modality) and does not specify the written modality of the SNOMED concept.
734277005 (Provision of written information about social support)maps to wider conceptUEO.PM.ZZ (Education about general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader: not restricted to written information and encompasses services/systems/policies rather than social support alone.
734330002 (Provision of written information about writing Last Will and Testament)maps to wider conceptUEJ.PM.ZZ (Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies)UEJ.PM.ZZ covers education about legal services broadly, subsuming Last Will and Testament information; however, it is wider and does not distinguish written information or the specific topic.
1620551000168100 (PSMA-PET - prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BG (Positron emission tomography of whole body)No ICHI code exists for prostate-targeted PET or PSMA radioligand specificity; PZA.BA.BG covers whole-body PET and is broader in target and tracer-agnostic.
90820002 (Psychiatric drug therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI's pharmacotherapy administration code is not restricted to psychiatric medications, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a psychiatric context.
302440009 (Psychiatric pharmacologic management)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)"Pharmacotherapy prescription" captures the prescribing/management activity most closely, but is not restricted to psychiatric pharmacology, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
61436009 (Psychoanalysis)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish psychoanalytic orientation from other psychotherapy modalities; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the best fit but is broader since it encompasses all whole-person psychotherapy modalities, not psychoanalysis specifically.
302235004 (Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not differentiate psychoanalytic or psychodynamic orientations; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the whole-person scope but is broader as it covers all whole-person psychotherapy modalities.
53508008 (Psychodrama)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)Psychodrama is a group-based expressive psychotherapy with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the role-play/enactment methodology specific to psychodrama.
225217007 (Psychodynamic and/or supportive psychotherapeutic intervention)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish psychodynamic or supportive psychotherapy orientations; PZB.PQ.ZZ serves as the best whole-person psychotherapy residual but lacks specificity to either named modality.
314034001 (Psychodynamic psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI classifies psychotherapy by target domain rather than theoretical orientation; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the most appropriate residual for whole-person psychotherapy but is wider than psychodynamic-specific therapy.
702545008 (Psychoeducation)maps to wider conceptAS1.PM.ZZ (Education about mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PM.ZZ covers education about mental functions broadly; it is broader than psychoeducation, which is specifically structured education about psychiatric illness/mental health for patients/families.
391237005 (Psychological therapies - 1-2 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no axis to capture treatment frequency; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy component but omits the 1-2 contacts/week frequency qualifier central to the SNOMED concept.
391239008 (Psychological therapies - 1-3 contacts/month)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI cannot represent contact frequency; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code but is wider as the 1-3 contacts/month frequency dimension is absent.
391227000 (Psychological therapies - 24 hour not intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy intervention but does not encode the 24-hour, non-intensive service delivery pattern; ICHI has no mechanism for contact frequency or treatment intensity.
391233009 (Psychological therapies - 3-5 contacts/week)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions generally; the 3-5 contacts/week frequency is not representable in ICHI's classification structure.
391242002 (Psychological therapies - <1 contact/month)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ is the appropriate psychotherapy code; the defining feature (<1 contact/month) is an administrative attribute ICHI does not encode.
391232004 (Psychological therapies - Daily intensive)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ maps to the psychotherapy intervention but does not distinguish daily intensive delivery; ICHI encodes what is done and by what means, not intensity or scheduling.
391228005 (Psychological therapies - Full day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy for mental functions but does not capture the full-day day-care service model; ICHI has no place for care setting or session length.
391229002 (Psychological therapies - Part day : day care)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI has no concept for partial-day or day-care programme delivery; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the modality but is broader, omitting the part-day/day-care service format.
444778007 (Psychosexual assessment)maps to wider conceptNUA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sexual functions)NUA.AA.ZZ captures assessment of sexual functions, which is the procedural core; it is slightly broader as it covers all forms of sexual function assessment and does not distinguish the psychosexual dimension specifically.
171023003 (Psychosexual counseling)maps to wider conceptNUA.PP.ZZ (Counselling for sexual functions)NUA.PP.ZZ is counselling targeted at sexual functions; it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it encompasses all counselling for sexual functions rather than the psychosexual (psychological-relational) dimension specifically.
408920002 (Psychosocial analysis assessment)maps to wider conceptATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions)ATF.AA.ZZ maps directly to assessment of global psychosocial functions; it is slightly broader as ICHI does not distinguish a structured analytical methodology from any other psychosocial assessment.
385859008 (Psychosocial analysis education)maps to wider conceptATF.PM.ZZ (Education about global psychosocial functions)ATF.PM.ZZ covers education about global psychosocial functions broadly, which encompasses the educational component but does not capture the analytical/assessment dimension implicit in "psychosocial analysis."
428997004 (Psychosocial counseling about cancer)maps to wider conceptATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)ATF.PP.ZZ matches counselling action directed at global psychosocial functions; however, it is broader as it does not capture the cancer-specific context, and ICHI has no oncology-specific counselling codes.
266744007 (Psychotherapy/sociotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)AS1.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy for mental functions broadly; sociotherapy has no dedicated ICHI code, so the psychotherapy axis is matched and the sociotherapy dimension is unrepresented.
32189006 (Pubiotomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)Pubiotomy is incision of the pubic bone specifically; ICHI's closest non-delivery-specific code is osteotomy of pelvis, which is wider as it covers all pelvic bone incision rather than the pubic bone alone.
231208005 (Pudendal nerve block - transvaginal)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve; ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve but does not specify the pudendal nerve or capture the transvaginal approach.
231209002 (Pudendal nerve block: transperineal)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)ACA.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into a peripheral nerve but does not distinguish the transperineal approach or specify the pudendal nerve as the target.
64682006 (Pulmonary perfusion imaging, gaseous)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)"Pulmonary scan" covers radionuclide imaging of the lung, encompassing perfusion scanning, but does not distinguish gaseous (inhaled radioactive gas) versus particulate-based perfusion modalities.
31962004 (Pulmonary perfusion imaging, particulate)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)This SNOMED concept specifies particulate-based perfusion imaging (e.g., Tc-99m MAA), but JBF.BA.BE encompasses all lung radionuclide scans without distinguishing by agent type.
66088009 (Pulmonary perfusion study)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)"Pulmonary perfusion study" is general radionuclide perfusion imaging of the lung; JBF.BA.BE is the best available match but is slightly broader as it is not restricted to perfusion.
15081005 (Pulmonary rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptJT2.PH.ZZ (Training of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary programme (exercise, education, self-management); JT2.PH.ZZ captures the dominant therapeutic action but is broader and omits the structured multi-component nature.
57113004 (Pulmonary ventilation study)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)A pulmonary ventilation study uses inhaled radionuclides to assess regional lung ventilation, falling within "Pulmonary scan"; JBF.BA.BE is broader as it covers all lung radionuclide scanning without ventilation-specific differentiation.
2535006 (Pulpectomy)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)Pulpectomy (complete removal of dental pulp) is a core component of root canal therapy, but KAE.ML.AC covers the full root canal therapy procedure including canal shaping, cleaning, and obturation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
68660007 (Punch biopsy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Punch biopsy is a specific percutaneous skin-sampling technique; ICHI has no generic "punch biopsy" code, so the residual NEC skin biopsy code (unspecified body region) is the closest fit and is broader.
443964009 (Puncture and aspiration of seroma)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)A seroma is a subcutaneous fluid collection drained by needle puncture; the ICHI code covers any fluid collection in that compartment, making it broader than the seroma-specific SNOMED concept.
75908002 (Puncture and drainage of pituitary gland)maps to wider conceptEAA.JB.AA (Drainage of pituitary gland)ICHI's "Drainage of pituitary gland" covers the same procedure semantically, but the means axis (AA = open) does not specify the percutaneous/needle puncture approach implied by the SNOMED concept.
711352003 (Puncture of cyst of kidney using computed tomography guidance)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)NAA.JB.AE encompasses aspiration of a renal cyst by percutaneous approach but is broader: it does not specify a cyst lesion and does not encode CT guidance (normally captured via an extension code).
443272003 (Puncture of peripheral vein using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)DIA.AH.XA is the closest ICHI category for venipuncture, but it does not specify venous access per se, does not encode ultrasound guidance, and does not exclude non-venous blood collection routes.
392218004 (Puncture of sphenoid sinus)maps to wider conceptJAE.JB.AE (Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified)JAE.JB.AE is the only ICHI category that explicitly encodes puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage; the sphenoid sinus block has no dedicated puncture category, so the NEC paranasal sinus code is broader than the sphenoid-specific SNOMED concept.
127592003 (Putti-Platt operation)maps to wider conceptMDL.LC.AA (Stabilisation of shoulder)The Putti-Platt procedure is a specific shoulder stabilisation technique (subscapularis shortening with anterior capsulorrhaphy); MDL.LC.AA captures the functional goal and shoulder ligament target but does not encode the specific subscapularis plication component.
315636009 (Putting patient to bed at night)maps to wider conceptATK.RB.ZZ (Practical support with sleep functions)ICHI has no code for the specific nursing/carer task of settling a patient into bed at night; ATK.RB.ZZ is the closest functional fit covering practical supportive assistance for sleep, but it encompasses any sleep-related support rather than the specific bedtime act.
38841005 (Pyloric antrotomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)ICHI has no specific code for pyloric antrotomy (incision of the pyloric antrum); KBF.FA.AA (open incision of the stomach) is the closest available code but covers any open gastric incision rather than the specific antral incision.
252235007 (Pyruvate tolerance test)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)ICHI has no specific code for pyruvate tolerance or other carbohydrate/organic acid loading tests; ETB.AA.ZZ is the closest fit but covers all general metabolic assessments rather than this one specific provocation test.
183307006 (Quadriceps exercises)maps to wider conceptMUB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle power functions)ICHI has no code specific to quadriceps exercises; MUB.PG.ZZ covers therapist-assisted exercise targeting muscle power functions broadly, encompassing any muscle group rather than just the quadriceps.
266876006 (Quadricepsplasty)maps to wider conceptMLM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of thigh)ICHI has no dedicated code for quadricepsplasty (surgical lengthening/release of the quadriceps); MLM.ML.AA is the closest match but covers any reconstructive procedure on any thigh muscle.
714696009 (Quantitative measurement of hemoglobin F in maternal blood specimen using flow cytometry technique)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest assignable code but is far broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies fetal haemoglobin (HbF) as the analyte, flow cytometry as the technique, and maternal blood as the specimen type.
34490006 (Quantitative photoplethysmography, arterial)maps to wider conceptITB.AB.AH (Measurement of blood vessel functions)ITB.AB.AH covers non-invasive measurement of blood vessel functions (encompassing arterial photoplethysmography), but does not specify photoplethysmography as the means or restrict the target to the arterial side.
252775003 (Quantitative sensory test)maps to wider conceptAV2.AC.ZZ (Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)Quantitative sensory testing (QST) systematically measures thresholds across modalities (thermal, vibration, pain/pressure); AV2.AC.ZZ is the best available residual category for a multi-modality sensory assessment but is broader.
391077008 (Quantitative ultrasound scan of heel)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)Quantitative ultrasound of the heel (calcaneus) is a specific bone densitometry technique for osteoporosis screening; ICHI has no dedicated bone densitometry code, so MZZ.BA.BJ is the closest match but does not specify the calcaneus target or quantitative/densitometric nature.
406600006 (Rabies prophylaxis)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)Rabies prophylaxis typically involves percutaneous (intramuscular) injection of rabies vaccine and/or human rabies immunoglobulin; DTB.VD.AE is the best available match but is broader as it does not specify the rabies antigen or distinguish pre/post-exposure prophylaxis.
20191000 (Radial immunodiffusion measurement)maps to wider conceptDTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of immunological system functions)DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions in general, which subsumes radial immunodiffusion (a gel-diffusion technique for quantifying immunoglobulins/serum proteins), but does not encode the specific assay technique.
225336000 (Radiation risk assessment)maps to wider conceptUBR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of the impact of radiation)"Assessment of the impact of radiation" encompasses radiation risk assessment but is broader as it applies across all environmental radiation contexts (public health, occupational) and is not specific to clinical patient-level risk assessment.
88088007 (Radical excision with lymph node dissection)maps to wider conceptDFA.JL.AA (Radical excision of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure encompassing radical excision plus lymph node dissection; DFA.JL.AA covers only radical excision of lymph nodes themselves with no specified primary site, making the ICHI code broader.
359728003 (Radical mastectomy including pectoral muscles and axillary lymph nodes)maps to wider conceptLCA.JL.AA (Radical mastectomy)LCA.JL.AA semantically aligns with the Halsted-type radical mastectomy described in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI title does not explicitly encode the inclusion of pectoral muscles and axillary lymph nodes.
14027001 (Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of flank)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no radical excision (JL action) code for soft tissue and no site-specific code for flank; MRS.JJ.AA is broader in both action (partial rather than radical) and site (unspecified rather than flank).
74721009 (Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of forearm area)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has a forearm musculoskeletal block but it covers only bone; soft tissue excision codes exist only under MRS (unspecified site), making MRS.JJ.AA broader in both action and site.
78342004 (Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of shoulder area)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has a shoulder musculoskeletal block covering bone, joint, ligament, and tendon but no shoulder-specific soft tissue surgical excision code; MRS.JJ.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept in both action and site specificity.
62931007 (Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of upper arm)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)The upper arm musculoskeletal block covers bone, elbow joint, and fascia but has no soft tissue excision codes; MRS.JJ.AA is broader due to unspecified site and partial rather than radical action coding.
709092004 (Radiofrequency ablation of base of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of tongue)ICHI captures the correct target (tongue) and action (destruction of lesion or tissue) but does not distinguish the radiofrequency means or the specific sub-site (base of tongue).
709084008 (Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)This is the only ICHI destruction code for bone; it is wider as it describes destruction of bone generally rather than specifically a lesion, and does not specify radiofrequency as the means.
49951000087104 (Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of large intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)ICHI captures destruction of a lesion in the colon but is wider — covers all destruction modalities without specifying radiofrequency, and "colon" does not encompass the entire large intestine.
448781006 (Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)The ICHI code covers percutaneous destruction of any lesion or tissue of the liver, matching the anatomical target and percutaneous approach, but does not specify the radiofrequency modality.
709091006 (Radiofrequency ablation of nasal turbinate)maps to wider conceptJAC.GA.AC (Destruction of nasal turbinate)This is the only destruction code for the nasal turbinate in ICHI; the code does not specify the radiofrequency means and encompasses all destructive modalities (RFA, cryotherapy, laser, cautery).
1287995009 (Radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of pancreatic duct)maps to wider conceptKCO.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct)The ICHI code covers destruction of lesions in either the pancreas or pancreatic duct across all approaches and modalities, broader in both anatomical scope and technique.
448640008 (Radiofrequency ablation of peripheral nerve using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve)The ICHI code captures the percutaneous approach and peripheral nerve destruction action, but does not specify radiofrequency as the modality or fluoroscopy as the imaging guidance technique.
772017001 (Radiofrequency ablation of rectal hemorrhoid)maps to wider conceptKBX.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus)Hemorrhoids at the anorectal junction are classified under the anus and anal canal block; KBX.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction but is broader because it does not specify radiofrequency or hemorrhoid as the specific lesion type.
233163003 (Radiofrequency ablation operation for arrhythmia)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)RFA for arrhythmia targets the cardiac conduction system via catheter; HFC.GA.AF is broader because it covers any ablation energy modality (not only radiofrequency) and does not name the arrhythmia indication.
171784001 (Radiofrequency controlled thermal destruction of spinothalamic tract)maps to wider conceptABA.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal cord)The spinothalamic tract runs through the spinal cord and its thermal destruction (a cordotomy variant) best fits ABA.GA.AA; the ICHI code covers any destruction of spinal cord tissue and does not distinguish the spinothalamic tract specifically.
231409004 (Radiofrequency denervation of spinal facet joint of vertebra)maps to wider conceptABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)ICHI has no dedicated facet joint denervation/medial branch neurotomy code; ABN.GA.AE captures the target, action, and route, but "spinal nerve root" is broader than the medial branch nerve that innervates the facet joint.
236900009 (Radiofrequency endometrial ablation)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AD (Endometrial ablation)NME.GA.AD covers all methods of endometrial ablation regardless of energy source, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies radiofrequency; no RF-specific means code exists in ICHI for this target.
713669003 (Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc)The target, action (GA), and approach (percutaneous, AE) align well — RF thermocoagulation is a form of percutaneous destruction — but the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous destruction methods.
41747008 (Radioisotope scan of bone)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no bone-specific radioisotope scan code — the musculoskeletal imaging NEC block only offers X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound modalities. The closest available radioisotope code is PZA.BA.BE (whole body), which is broader in target but matches the modality exactly.
173771003 (Radioisotope scan of intestine)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)No intestine-specific radioisotope imaging code exists in ICHI; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the entire gastrointestinal tract (which includes the intestine), making it broader in target scope, though the modality (nuclear/radioisotope imaging) is a match.
12124007 (Radioisotope scan of pancreas)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The pancreas imaging block (KCO) in ICHI contains only endoscopic ultrasound, plain X-ray, and ultrasound — no radioisotope or nuclear imaging code; the GI tract nuclear code KZZ.BA.BE is also broader and does not specifically address the pancreas, so the only radioisotope imaging code available is the whole body scan PZA.BA.BE.
20384009 (Radioisotope scan of pituitary)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The pituitary gland imaging block (EAA.BA.*) offers CT, CT with contrast, PET, MRI, and MRI with contrast but has no radioisotope scan code; the only available radioisotope imaging code in ICHI is PZA.BA.BE (whole body), which is considerably broader in target than the pituitary gland.
372082006 (Radioisotope scan of spleen)maps to wider conceptDJA.BA.BE (Spleen scan or function study)The ICHI code is specific to the spleen and uses radioisotope (BE means) as the imaging approach, closely matching the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI title is broader because it encompasses both scan and function study, not exclusively radioisotope scanning.
58719005 (Radioisotope scan of uterus)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no uterus-specific radioisotope scan code — the uterus imaging block (NME) contains only X-ray and no nuclear medicine options. The whole-body radioisotope scan is the closest available code, but it covers the entire body rather than the uterus specifically, making it substantially broader.
431342002 (Radiolabeled technetium 99m depreotide scan of thorax)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)Tc-99m depreotide is a radiolabeled somatostatin analogue used for scintigraphic imaging of pulmonary nodules, and JBF.BA.BE (lung parenchyma + imaging + radioisotope means BE) captures the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide agent or the somatostatin receptor targeting, and "thorax" slightly exceeds "lung parenchyma" in anatomical scope.
241312000 (Radionuclide angiography of artery using radioactive isotope)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BA (Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a dedicated radionuclide/radioisotope angiography code for arteries; IZE.BA.BA is the most appropriate residual category covering non-specific imaging of blood vessels, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept — it does not restrict to arteries, to the radionuclide modality, or to the use of radioactive isotopes as the imaging means.
432399008 (Radionuclide bone imaging of thorax)maps to wider conceptMRB.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no nuclear imaging code specific to thoracic bones (ribs, sternum, clavicle); MRB.BA.BE covers nuclear bone imaging at an unspecified skeletal site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's thorax-restricted scope.
241331006 (Radionuclide duodenogastric reflux study)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for duodenogastric reflux scintigraphy; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract broadly as a NEC category, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets only the duodenum-to-stomach direction with a radionuclide tracer.
241321004 (Radionuclide esophageal study)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no oesophagus-specific nuclear imaging code — the oesophagus block (KBA) contains only X-ray, contrast X-ray, and endoscopic ultrasound imaging codes with no radionuclide/nuclear means. The GI tract NEC nuclear imaging code KZZ.BA.BE is the closest available match, covering a broader anatomical scope than the oesophagus-specific SNOMED concept.
241347008 (Radionuclide first pass liver study)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE explicitly encompasses liver radioisotope studies, making it a strong match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a "first pass" technique (a dynamic bolus-tracking method), while the ICHI code covers all liver scan and radioisotope function study types without specifying the first-pass methodology.
241316002 (Radionuclide gastric emptying study)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no stomach-specific nuclear imaging code — the stomach block (KBF) contains only endoscopic ultrasound and CT gastrography imaging codes with no radionuclide means. The GI tract NEC nuclear imaging code KZZ.BA.BE is the closest available match, covering a broader anatomical and functional scope than the gastric-emptying-specific SNOMED concept.
241328005 (Radionuclide gastro-esophageal reflux study)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide/scintigraphic study of the oesophagus or gastroesophageal reflux; the NEC nuclear imaging code for the gastrointestinal tract is the most specific available match and captures the correct modality and body system, but is anatomically much broader than the SNOMED concept.
763847005 (Radionuclide imaging of adrenal gland using iobenguane (123-I))maps to wider conceptEBC.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland)The ICHI code matches precisely on both target (adrenal gland) and modality (nuclear/radionuclide imaging), but does not distinguish the specific radiopharmaceutical iobenguane (MIBG 123-I) from other adrenal nuclear studies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
432548002 (Radionuclide imaging of bile acid absorption)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)Bile acid absorption imaging (e.g. SeHCAT-type studies) targets intestinal absorption function with no dedicated ICHI code; the GI tract NEC nuclear imaging category captures the modality and general body system but is anatomically and functionally much broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287930001 (Radionuclide imaging of biliary tract using tauroselcholic acid (75-Se))maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)The SeHCAT (tauroselcholic acid 75-Se) scan measures bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum and is a functional GI study; ICHI has no code for biliary tract nuclear imaging using a specific radiopharmaceutical, and the GI tract NEC nuclear study is the least-poor residual match, though it is substantially broader in both anatomical scope and functional specificity.
430282003 (Radionuclide imaging of brain using ioflupane (123-I))maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain)Ioflupane (123-I) DaTscan is performed using SPECT technology to image dopamine transporters in the brain, making AAA.BA.BF (SPECT of brain) the correct imaging modality and anatomical target. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the specific radiopharmaceutical or the dopamine transporter indication.
431803009 (Radionuclide imaging of gastrointestinal tract using oral chromium 51 ethylenediamine tetra-acetate)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE directly represents nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, which matches the anatomical target and imaging modality. ICHI is wider because it does not specify the chromium-51 EDTA tracer or the oral administration route.
765316008 (Radionuclide imaging of gastrointestinal tract using tauroselcholic acid (75-Se))maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, matching the anatomical target and imaging type of this selenium-75 SeHCAT bile acid retention scan. ICHI is wider because it does not encode the specific radiolabelled bile acid tracer or its use for bile acid malabsorption assessment.
765314006 (Radionuclide imaging of hematopoietic system using iron radioisotope)maps to wider conceptDGA.BA.BE (Bone marrow radionucleide scan)DGA.BA.BE sits within the "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system" chapter and represents radionuclide scanning of bone marrow, the primary organ of hematopoiesis. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the specific iron radioisotope tracer used or distinguish ferrokinetic studies from other bone marrow scans.
766223002 (Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using technetium (99m-Tc) and thallium-201)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan) matches the target organ and the nuclear imaging modality precisely, sitting under "Interventions on parathyroid gland" in the endocrine chapter. ICHI is wider because it does not differentiate the dual-isotope Tc-99m/thallium-201 subtraction technique from other parathyroid scintigraphy methods.
710312009 (Radionuclide imaging of perfusion of liver using technetium (99m-Tc) aggregated albumin)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE covers liver radioisotope scans generally, which encompasses this specific perfusion scintigraphy using 99m-Tc aggregated albumin. The ICHI code does not specify the radiopharmaceutical agent (technetium MAA) or the perfusion-specific focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
763940008 (Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using iodine radioisotope)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning broadly without specifying the radiopharmaceutical agent, so it is wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies iodine as the radioisotope. This is the only assignable ICHI code for thyroid imaging with radionuclides.
764077007 (Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using technetium radioisotope)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning without differentiating between tracer agents; this SNOMED concept specifies technetium (99m-Tc pertechnetate) as the radioisotope, a distinction ICHI does not capture, making the ICHI code broader.
764080008 (Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using thallium-201)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE is the single ICHI code for thyroid radionuclide imaging and applies regardless of the specific radioisotope used; this SNOMED concept specifies thallium-201, a level of pharmaceutical specificity not represented in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader.
764082000 (Radionuclide imaging of thyroid with administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning generally, whereas this SNOMED concept adds the procedural detail of TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) administration as a stimulation agent — a pharmacological nuance not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
772019003 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body for detection of extra-articular leakage of rhenium-186)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE correctly captures whole-body radioisotope imaging but does not encode the specific tracer (rhenium-186) or the clinical purpose (detection of extra-articular leakage), making the ICHI code broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
702618002 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body for detection of liver to lung shunt using technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but omits both the specific radiopharmaceutical (Tc-99m MAA) and the diagnostic intent (liver-to-lung shunt quantification), so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
433213003 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body using gallium)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE correctly represents a radioisotope scan of the whole body but does not distinguish gallium as the specific tracer, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
763843009 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body using Iobenguane (123-I))maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane labelled with iodine-123), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
763841006 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body using iobenguane (131-I))maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane labelled with iodine-131), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
763840007 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body using iodine (131-I))maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scanning of the whole body, which matches the anatomical scope and imaging modality precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide agent (iodine-131), so it encompasses all radioisotope whole-body scans regardless of tracer.
432041001 (Radionuclide imaging of whole body using technetium (99m-Tc) exametazine labeled leukocytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE is the closest match as it captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging modality. The ICHI code is broader because it does not differentiate the specific agent (99mTc-exametazine-labelled leukocytes), nor does it reflect the specialised infection/inflammation imaging indication of this technique.
764093003 (Radionuclide imaging using chromium-51 labeled erythrocytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)No ICHI code specifically represents imaging with chromium-51-labelled erythrocytes (typically used for red cell mass or gastrointestinal blood loss studies). PZA.BA.BE is the best available match covering radioisotope scanning, but it is substantially broader, not specifying the tracer, the labelled cell type, or the body region of interest.
766841001 (Radionuclide imaging using gallium-67)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Gallium-67 scanning is primarily used as a whole-body radioisotope survey for infection, inflammation, or malignancy, making PZA.BA.BE the most appropriate available code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the gallium-67 tracer or the oncological/infectious indication.
766843003 (Radionuclide imaging using high dose gallium-67)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)As with standard gallium-67 imaging, PZA.BA.BE is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no concept of dosage variation within a tracer type, so the high-dose distinction present in the SNOMED concept is entirely lost, making the ICHI code broader than both gallium-67 SNOMED concepts equally.
763859009 (Radionuclide imaging using Indium (111-In) labeled mixed leukocyte)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no code encoding the specific tracer (111-In labeled leukocytes) or the clinical indication (infection/inflammation detection). PZA.BA.BE captures the modality (radioisotope/nuclear scintigraphy) and the whole-body scope of leukocyte scanning, but is broader as it does not specify the labeled leukocyte agent.
765013008 (Radionuclide imaging using indium (111-In) labeled monoclonal antibody)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI encodes neither the specific radiopharmaceutical (111-In monoclonal antibody) nor the immunoscintigraphy technique; PZA.BA.BE matches the modality and whole-body scope of this immunoscintigraphy procedure but is broader by omitting the antibody tracer specificity.
763844003 (Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane)maps to wider conceptEBC.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland)Iobenguane (MIBG) scintigraphy primarily targets the adrenal medulla and sympathoadrenal system, making EBC.BA.BE (adrenal gland nuclear imaging) the most clinically specific available ICHI code; however it is broader because ICHI does not encode the MIBG tracer and MIBG scans also cover extra-adrenal sympathetic tissue beyond the adrenal gland alone.
765012003 (Radionuclide imaging using iodine (131-I) labeled monoclonal antibody)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)131-I labeled monoclonal antibody (immunoscintigraphy) is a whole-body nuclear imaging procedure; ICHI has no code for the specific antibody tracer or immunoscintigraphy technique, so PZA.BA.BE captures the modality and scope but is broader by not encoding the labeled antibody agent.
699094001 (Radionuclide imaging using lutetium (177-Lu) labeled somatostatin analog)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)177-Lu DOTATATE/DOTATOC imaging (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy) is performed as a whole-body nuclear scan to detect neuroendocrine tumors; ICHI has no code for somatostatin receptor imaging or the lutetium tracer, so PZA.BA.BE matches the modality and whole-body scope but is broader by omitting the radiopharmaceutical and receptor-targeting specificity.
764137001 (Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled erythrocytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI has no code specific to Tc-99m-labeled erythrocyte (red blood cell) scintigraphy; the closest is the whole-body radioisotope scan category, which uses means axis BE (ionising agents, open) covering radioisotope tracers including Tc-99m agents but is broader in that it does not specify the tracer type, labeled erythrocytes, or the clinical indication (e.g., GI bleeding, MUGA).
765008009 (Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) sulesomab)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Sulesomab is a Tc-99m-labeled anti-granulocyte antibody fragment used for whole-body infection/inflammation scintigraphy; ICHI contains no code specific to antibody-labeled or infection-detection radionuclide imaging, so the generic whole-body radioisotope scan (PZA.BA.BE) is the best available code but is broader, capturing neither the specific tracer nor the clinical purpose.
704496006 (Radionuclide imaging using yttrium (90-Y) labeled somatostatin analog)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Y-90-labeled somatostatin analog imaging (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using an yttrium-labeled peptide) has no dedicated ICHI code; PZA.BA.BE is the closest available code but does not encode the specific radionuclide (Y-90), the tracer class (radiolabeled peptide), or the receptor-targeting mechanism, making it substantially broader.
444441005 (Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction and diagnostic study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)This SNOMED concept describes SPECT-CT hybrid imaging where CT is used for attenuation correction alongside a diagnostic radionuclide study; ICHI's PZA.BA.BF captures the SPECT component on a whole-body target but does not encode the CT fusion, attenuation correction, or the specification that this is a diagnostic (rather than localization) study.
444399007 (Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction and localization)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)This concept is the localization-purpose variant of SPECT-CT; like 444441005, it maps to PZA.BA.BF as ICHI does not distinguish SPECT-CT hybrid modalities from SPECT alone, nor does it differentiate the "localization" purpose from "diagnostic study," making the ICHI code broader than both SNOMED concepts (which are themselves distinct from each other in clinical purpose).
418234000 (Radionuclide liver and spleen study)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)The SNOMED concept covers a combined liver-and-spleen radionuclide study, whereas the best available ICHI code is specific to the liver only (with a separate code, DJA.BA.BE, for the spleen); no single ICHI code covers the combined liver-and-spleen scan, so the liver code is the closest match but is narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept, making it a wider equivalence from the SNOMED perspective.
46854007 (Radionuclide localization of abscess of whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The ICHI code captures the radioisotope/nuclear medicine modality applied to the whole body, matching the topography and imaging method; however, it is broader because it does not specify the clinical purpose of abscess localization — ICHI codes are organised by target and action rather than clinical indication.
66377006 (Radionuclide localization of tumor, limited area)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)No ICHI code exists for a limited-area radionuclide tumor localization scan without knowing the specific body region targeted; the whole-body radioisotope scan code is the closest structural match, but it is broader in anatomical scope and does not encode the tumor-localization indication, making it an imprecise fit.
56216006 (Radionuclide localization of tumor, whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE covers any whole-body radioisotope scan, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets tumor localization (e.g., oncology scintigraphy); the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict the clinical indication to tumor detection.
241304008 (Radionuclide lung permeability study)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)JBF.BA.BE is the only radioisotope/nuclear imaging code in the lung parenchyma block and encompasses all nuclear lung scans; the SNOMED concept is narrower, specifically designating an aerosol/DTPA inhalation permeability study to assess alveolar-capillary integrity, which is a subspecialty of pulmonary scintigraphy not distinguished in ICHI.
241303002 (Radionuclide mucociliary clearance study)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)No ICHI code exists for mucociliary clearance specifically — this inhaled-tracer technique to measure bronchial mucus transport has no dedicated entry; JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) is the closest category as a nuclear imaging study on lung parenchyma, but it is substantially broader and does not capture the functional/clearance nature of the study.
241389000 (Radionuclide parathyroid subtraction study)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE covers radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid gland, which is the correct target and modality. The SNOMED concept specifies a dual-isotope subtraction technique (typically sestamibi minus iodine), a methodological detail that ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
16534461000119100 (Radionuclide scan of lymphatics and lymph nodes of breast)maps to wider conceptDFO.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel)DFO.BA.BE is the only ICHI code for nuclear/radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system (lymphoscintigraphy); no code exists specifically for lymphatics and nodes draining the breast (sentinel node mapping). The ICHI code covers all lymphatic vessels without restriction to the breast drainage territory, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
16553741000119105 (Radionuclide scan of whole body for localization of inflammation)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)PZA.BA.BE correctly encodes a whole-body radioisotope scan, matching the modality and anatomical scope of this procedure (e.g., radiolabelled white cell or gallium scan). However, ICHI does not encode the clinical indication (inflammation localization), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
16548241000119107 (Radionuclide scan of whole body using octreotide for localization of neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)ICHI captures the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but does not encode the specific tracer (octreotide/somatostatin analogue) or the clinical purpose (neoplasm localization), making the ICHI code broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
433028008 (Radionuclide sentinel lymph node study)maps to wider conceptDFO.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel)ICHI has no sentinel-node-specific code; DFO.BA.BE targets the lymphatic vessel broadly via nuclear imaging, which encompasses lymphoscintigraphy used for sentinel node identification, but omits the sentinel-node selection purpose entirely.
431204005 (Radionuclide single phase bone study of whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The SNOMED concept is a whole-body planar bone scintigraphy; PZA.BA.BE matches the whole-body radioisotope scan scope but does not restrict the target to bone, making it broader — MRB.BA.BE targets bone but is not explicitly whole-body, so the whole-body code is the better semantic anchor.
241336001 (Radionuclide study for colonic transit)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists specifically for colonic transit scintigraphy; KZZ.BA.BE is the residual GI nuclear imaging category and encompasses this study, but is broader as it applies to any GI nuclear study not elsewhere classified.
241322006 (Radionuclide study for esophageal transit time)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to oesophageal nuclear imaging or transit studies; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the entire GI tract, making it broader than this esophagus-specific radionuclide transit procedure. No oesophageal-level nuclear imaging code (KBA.BA.BE) exists in ICHI.
241337005 (Radionuclide study for rectal transit)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no rectal-specific nuclear imaging code (KBW.BA.BE does not exist); KZZ.BA.BE is the best available match, covering nuclear imaging of the GI tract as a whole, which is broader than this rectum-specific radionuclide transit study.
433246009 (Radionuclide study for small bowel transit time)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no small bowel-specific nuclear imaging code (KBK.BA.BE does not exist); KZZ.BA.BE is the best available match as a GI tract nuclear imaging study that encompasses but is not restricted to the small bowel.
303883000 (Radionuclide study of bone of head)maps to wider conceptMRB.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site)The skull imaging block (MAA) in ICHI contains only X-ray, CT, and MRI codes — no nuclear imaging code for skull or cranial bone exists; MRB.BA.BE (bone of unspecified site) is the closest nuclear imaging code but is anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies bone of the head.
431652005 (Radionuclide study of gastrointestinal absorption using radioactive isotope)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the GI tract broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a radionuclide absorption study (e.g., Schilling test for B12 absorption), which measures absorptive function rather than structural imaging; the ICHI code is broader and sits under the GI "not elsewhere classified" residual block with no dedicated absorption-function code available.
442204006 (Radionuclide study of nasal mucociliary clearance)maps to wider conceptJAA.AB.AC (Nasal function study)ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide mucociliary clearance testing; JAA.AB.AC "Nasal function study" is the closest available code under "Interventions on nose," but it is broader and non-specific as to technique, covering any assessment of nasal function rather than the radionuclide-specific clearance measurement.
303897008 (Radionuclide study of stomach)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated nuclear imaging code at the stomach (KBF) level — the KBF imaging codes cover only endoscopic ultrasound and CT gastrography — so the best available match is KZZ.BA.BE, the GI tract-level nuclear imaging residual code, which is broader than the stomach-specific SNOMED concept.
442178003 (Radionuclide study of whole body for detection of right to left shunt using macroaggregated albumin)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The SNOMED concept describes a specific whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure using MAA to quantify right-to-left shunting, while PZA.BA.BE covers any radioisotope scan of the whole body without specifying the tracer, clinical indication, or shunt-detection purpose; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
11486001 (Radionuclide study, circulation time)maps to wider conceptHTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)Radionuclide circulation time studies (first-pass radionuclide angiography measuring cardiovascular transit times) overlap substantially with cardiac output radionuclide scanning, but HTB.BA.BE encompasses all cardiac output scan modalities and is not limited to circulation time measurement; no more specific ICHI code for circulation time studies exists.
431556001 (Radionuclide two-phase bone study of whole body)maps to wider conceptMRB.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site)MRB.BA.BE correctly captures nuclear (radioisotope) imaging of bone but does not specify whole-body coverage or the two-phase (blood-pool plus delayed) acquisition technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is a specific whole-body two-phase protocol.
228713006 (Radiotherapy planning using mold room preparation)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)ICHI does not have a specific code for radiotherapy planning or mold room preparation; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) is the closest match as a general treatment planning intervention, but it is significantly broader, covering any form of individualised planning for a person rather than the specific radiotherapy mold-room workflow.
703990003 (Raloxifene therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)Raloxifene is an oral SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) and PZA.DB.AC covers oral pharmacotherapy administration, which is the correct route; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any drug given per orifice, with no specificity to the drug class, indication, or target receptor.
410085000 (Range of motion education)maps to wider conceptMTB.PM.ZZ (Education about joint mobility)MTB.PM.ZZ directly captures patient education focused on joint mobility (the functional equivalent of range-of-motion education), but it is not restricted to any specific joint or body region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which may be applied to a particular anatomical area.
15057003 (Range of motion measurements and report for hand)maps to wider conceptMTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of joint mobility)MTB.AB.ZZ directly encodes measurement of joint mobility, matching the measurement and reporting intent of the SNOMED concept, but it applies to joints generically rather than being specific to the hand, making it broader than this anatomically specific SNOMED code.
397161003 (Rankin operation, exteriorization of intestine)maps to wider conceptKBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)The Rankin operation is a historical eponym for exteriorization of the intestine resulting in a colostomy; ICHI encodes the outcome procedure (colostomy) without capturing the specific two-stage Rankin technique, making the ICHI code broader than the named SNOMED concept.
234834009 (Re-cement dental restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Re-cementing a dental restoration (re-fixing a displaced crown, inlay, or bridge with cement) is a specific subset of tooth restoration procedures; ICHI's "Restoration of tooth" is broader, encompassing all restorative dental work and not specifically denoting re-cementation of a previously placed restoration.
395165008 (Re-excision of breast for clearance of tumor margins)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)ICHI captures the target (breast) and action (local excision of lesion) but does not encode the re-operative nature or the specific clinical intent of margin clearance. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any local breast lesion excision.
396401003 (Re-excision of lesion of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the action (local excision) on the integumentary system but does not encode the re-operative nature nor is it restricted to a lesion; the NEC residual code is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify body region of skin.
118474006 (Realignment of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)"Realignment of bone" maps well to orthopedic "reduction," and the unspecified-site residual code covers the general, body-region-agnostic SNOMED concept; ICHI is slightly wider as it implies open approach and "reduction" has a broader connotation than pure realignment.
257900009 (Realignment of posterior urethra with fixation of prostate or bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)ICHI's "Repair of urethra" (NAM.MK.AA) is the closest available code, but it does not capture the compound nature of this procedure — specifically the concurrent fixation of the prostate or bladder neck as part of the realignment. ICHI is broader in that it addresses only the urethral repair component without the associated fixation of adjacent structures.
257898007 (Realignment posterior urethra over catheter)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)This is a specific technique of urethral realignment using a catheter as a guide (typically for pelvic fracture urethral injuries), which ICHI does not represent at this level of specificity; "Repair of urethra" is the nearest available code but does not encode the catheter-guided technique or the over-catheter approach.
410099001 (Reality orientation assessment)maps to wider conceptATD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of orientation functions)ATD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of orientation functions broadly, which encompasses reality orientation assessment as a specific method, but the ICHI code is not restricted to the reality orientation technique specifically and applies to any assessment of orientation.
410101008 (Reality orientation management)maps to wider conceptATD.PH.ZZ (Training of orientation functions)ATD.PH.ZZ represents therapeutic training of orientation functions, which best captures the active rehabilitation component of reality orientation management, but is not limited to the specific reality orientation technique and thus is broader than the SNOMED concept.
174349004 (Reanastomosis of rectum to anal canal for correction of congenital atresia of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.LB.AA (Anastomosis of rectum)KBW.LB.AA covers anastomosis of the rectum in general, which semantically encompasses the SNOMED procedure, but the ICHI code does not specify the distal target (anal canal), the surgical intent (correction of congenital atresia), or the "re-" prefix implying prior failed anastomosis.
20452001 (Reattachment of choroid and retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the closest ICHI code, covering retinal repair procedures including reattachment; ICHI has no separate code for choroidal involvement or combined choroid-retina reattachment, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
72176009 (Reattachment of choroid and retina by xenon arc photocoagulation)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)BCC.MK.AA captures the therapeutic goal (retinal repair/reattachment) but ICHI does not encode the specific modality of xenon arc photocoagulation nor the combined choroid-retina target, making the ICHI code broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
29153005 (Reattachment of joint capsule)maps to wider conceptMRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for joint capsule reattachment; MRJ.MK.AA is the closest match, as capsular reattachment is a form of joint repair, but it covers all joint repair types and all sites while the SNOMED concept specifies only the capsule.
7486007 (Reattachment of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has no site-unspecified "reattachment of muscle" code — the only LB (reattachment) muscle code is the thigh-specific MLM.LB.AA. MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at any site, which is the functional operative equivalent but uses the broader "repair" action.
43911009 (Reattachment of peripheral vessels)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "reattachment of peripheral vessel" code; IZE.MK.AA covers repair of blood vessels (both artery and vein, unspecified) NEC, which is the closest functional match. It is broader because "repair" encompasses interventions beyond reattachment.
33107001 (Reattachment of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no explicit "reattachment of tendon" code at an unspecified site — tendon reattachment (reinsertion/tenodesis) is classified under repair in ICHI. MRT.MK.AA matches the target but the action MK (repair) is broader than the specific reattachment concept.
4319004 (Rebase of complete lower denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI lacks any code specifically for denture rebasing (resurfacing the tissue-fitting surface of a denture); "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the broadest applicable category covering dental prosthetic maintenance procedures.
86806000 (Rebase of complete upper denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no code specific to denture rebasing; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest applicable category but is substantially broader and does not capture arch location or denture type.
34843002 (Rebase of lower partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no code for denture rebasing and does not distinguish partial from complete dentures; "Management of external appliance of tooth" remains the best available category.
2498008 (Rebase of upper partial denture)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)No ICHI code exists for rebasing a partial denture; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest available code but covers the full range of dental appliance management without specificity for rebasing, partial denture type, or arch.
171072005 (Recommend travel vaccinations)maps to wider conceptDTB.PN.ZZ (Advising about functions of the immunological system)ICHI does not have a travel-specific vaccination advising code; DTB.PN.ZZ covers advising about immunological system functions, which is the relevant clinical domain for vaccination recommendations.
183052003 (Recommendation not to eat)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)ICHI's individual-level codes do not have a specific code for an NPO or fasting instruction; VEA.PN.ZZ is the closest semantic fit as it represents the clinical advisory act concerning eating. It is broader because it covers all eating behaviour advice.
223434003 (Recommendation to avoid activity)maps to wider conceptVEB.PN.ZZ (Advising about physical activity behaviours)ICHI lacks a dedicated code for advising activity avoidance or restriction; VEB.PN.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers clinical advice in the physical activity domain including rest or avoidance recommendations.
223435002 (Recommendation to avoid behavior)maps to wider conceptVE1.PN.ZZ (Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)The SNOMED concept is a generic recommendation to avoid an unspecified behaviour, which maps best to ICHI's "Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified". The ICHI code is wider because it covers all advising about lifestyle behaviours.
408428000 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's behavior)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PN.ZZ (Advising about parenting behaviours)This SNOMED concept denotes advising a caregiver about a child's behaviour, which sits squarely within ICHI's parenting behaviour interventions block (VEJ); the ICHI code is wider because it targets parenting behaviours broadly.
408431004 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's dental health)maps to wider conceptVEE.PN.ZZ (Advising about oral hygiene behaviours)Dental health recommendations for a child directed at a caregiver map most closely to ICHI's "Advising about oral hygiene behaviours". The ICHI code is wider because it covers oral hygiene advising generally, without distinguishing between patient and caregiver recipient.
408430003 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's diet)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)Dietary recommendations to a caregiver about a child's diet map best to ICHI's "Advising about eating behaviours". The ICHI code is wider because it covers eating behaviour advising in general.
408436009 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's immunizations)maps to wider conceptVDA.PN.ZZ (Advising about immunisation behaviours)VDA.PN.ZZ covers advising targeted at immunisation behaviours, which aligns well with a caregiver recommendation about the child's immunisations. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify caregiver recipient.
408432006 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's minor illnesses)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PN.ZZ (Advising about parenting behaviours)There is no ICHI code specific to advising about recognition or management of minor childhood illnesses; VEJ.PN.ZZ captures the act of advising a caregiver in the context of their parenting role.
408438005 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's safety)maps to wider conceptVC1.PN.ZZ (Advising about safety-related behaviours, unspecified)VC1.PN.ZZ represents advising on safety-related behaviours in general, which matches the intent of the SNOMED concept. It does not specify that the context is child safety or which safety domain applies.
408434007 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's sleep)maps to wider conceptVEC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours)VEC.PP.ZZ is the closest available code in the sleep and rest behaviours block; no "advising" (PN) action exists for VEC, so "counselling" (PP) is the best available action. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify caregiver recipient.
408437000 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's toilet training)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PN.ZZ (Advising about parenting behaviours)ICHI has no specific code for toilet training advice; VEJ.PN.ZZ captures advising directed at a caregiver in their parenting role. The code is wider because parenting behaviours broadly encompasses far more than toilet training.
408435008 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's travel needs)maps to wider conceptSKA.PN.ZZ (Advising about using transportation)SKA.PN.ZZ covers advising about the use of transportation generally, which encompasses travel needs but is not restricted to advice given to a caregiver about a child. No more specific ICHI code exists for child travel advice.
408433001 (Recommendation to caregiver regarding prevention of sudden infant death syndrome)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PN.ZZ (Advising about parenting behaviours)SIDS prevention counselling is clinically directed at a caregiver's parenting behaviours (infant sleep position, sleep environment), making VEJ.PN.ZZ the best available fit; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any parenting behaviour advice.
361232005 (Recommendation to change dietary intake)maps to wider conceptVEA.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating behaviours)VEA.PN.ZZ represents advising about eating behaviours, which aligns closely with recommending a change in dietary intake; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all eating behaviour advice, not just advice to change.
46871000087109 (Recommendation to continue PPI (proton pump inhibitor) therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ (advising about medications) is the closest ICHI category; the ICHI code is considerably broader — it does not capture the specific drug class (PPI), the direction of advice (continuation), or the clinical indication.
243077000 (Recommendation to limit sexual activity)maps to wider conceptVEF.PN.ZZ (Advising about sexual behaviours)VEF.PN.ZZ covers advising about sexual behaviours in general, which is broader than specifically limiting or restricting sexual activity; the SNOMED concept denotes a directive to reduce/constrain activity whereas the ICHI code encompasses any advisory interaction regarding sexual behaviours.
183051005 (Recommendation to rest)maps to wider conceptVEC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours)VEC.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code that addresses rest as a health behaviour target; however it is broader (covering education to influence sleep and rest behaviours generally) and uses an "education" action rather than a specific directive or prescription to rest. No narrower ICHI code for prescribing or advising rest exists in the VEC block.
50641000087104 (Recommendation to restart anticoagulant therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications)UAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications) is the best available ICHI match — it covers advising a patient on any medication, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies restarting a particular drug class (anticoagulants).
46891000087108 (Recommendation to start PPI (proton pump inhibitor) therapy)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)ICHI has no PPI-specific code; PZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription) captures the clinical act of recommending/prescribing a drug treatment, which is the closest structural match. It is broader because it covers all pharmacotherapy prescriptions, not specifically PPI initiation.
176337003 (Reconstruction by urethra-meatal advancement)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Urethra-meatal advancement (a specific open urethroplasty technique used in hypospadias repair) is a form of urethral reconstruction, making NAM.ML.AA the best available ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all urethral reconstruction techniques, not just the meatal advancement approach.
238213003 (Reconstruction of abdominal wall using flap)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)PAL.ML.AA is a direct match for abdominal wall reconstruction; the SNOMED concept specifies the technique (flap-based), making the ICHI code broader since it encompasses all methods of abdominal wall reconstruction, not only flap techniques.
391101007 (Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendon graft)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments in general and is the best ICHI match; the SNOMED concept is more specific, designating the ACL as the target ligament and hamstring tendon as the graft source, detail that ICHI does not capture at the category level.
1259135005 (Reconstruction of anterior skull base using pedicle inferior turbinate flap)maps to wider conceptMAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)MAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty) is the closest ICHI code covering reconstructive surgery of the skull, which encompasses anterior skull base reconstruction. However, ICHI does not encode the specific technique (pedicle inferior turbinate flap) or the precise anterior skull base location.
425633001 (Reconstruction of breast using flap of skin of buttock)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA directly matches the target organ and procedure type (breast reconstruction), but ICHI does not encode the specific technique — use of a skin flap from the buttock. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all breast reconstructions regardless of method.
425538003 (Reconstruction of breast using free inferior gluteal artery perforator flap)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA correctly identifies the procedure as breast reconstruction, but ICHI lacks granularity to capture the specific microsurgical free-flap technique (free IGAP flap with perforator vessel dissection).
427381000 (Reconstruction of breast using free superior gluteal artery perforator flap)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA covers breast reconstruction broadly but does not specify the technique (free SGAP flap). ICHI has no code distinguishing free perforator flap variants.
426677002 (Reconstruction of breast using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA is the only assignable breast reconstruction code in ICHI and does not capture the TRAM flap technique or the use of a myocutaneous flap from the abdomen.
175396000 (Reconstruction of circle of Willis)maps to wider conceptIAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of intracranial artery)The circle of Willis is the arterial polygon formed by intracranial arteries, so IAA.ML.AA (reconstruction of intracranial artery) is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code applies to a single intracranial artery rather than the composite vascular ring.
1287330005 (Reconstruction of collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint of hand using graft)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)ICHI has no code specific to ligament reconstruction or graft at the interphalangeal joint level; MGJ.MK.AA (repair of finger or hand joint) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any joint repair without specifying ligament reconstruction with graft.
112960000 (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac with graft)maps to wider conceptBBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac)BBA.ML.AA is a direct title match for the procedure on the conjunctival cul-de-sac, but it does not specify the use of a graft, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly requires graft tissue.
736514007 (Reconstruction of ear)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers ear reconstruction generically (including potentially middle or inner ear), while ICHI's reconstruction codes are confined to the external ear or auricle; clinically ear reconstruction most often refers to the external ear, making CAA.ML.AA the best fit.
307548009 (Reconstruction of external ear with flap)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)CAA.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the external ear but does not encode the specific technique of using a flap; ICHI has no means-axis modifier for flap in this context.
172610006 (Reconstruction of external ear with postauricular skin flap)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)CAA.ML.AA matches the target (external ear) and action (reconstruction), but ICHI does not distinguish the specific flap technique (postauricular skin flap).
172609001 (Reconstruction of external ear with rim advancement flap)maps to wider conceptCAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified)CAA.ML.AA matches the target and action but does not capture the specific rim advancement flap technique; as with the other flap variants, ICHI provides no means-axis code for this approach.
172611005 (Reconstruction of external ear with temporalis fascia flap and skin graft)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the auricle (the external ear structure), which is the correct anatomical target, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (temporalis fascia flap combined with skin graft).
441603009 (Reconstruction of extra-articular ligament for stabilization of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no generic "reconstruction of ligament for joint stabilization" code; MRJ.LC.AA captures the intended functional goal (joint stabilization, unspecified site) but is broader as it does not specify the ligament-based surgical approach or the extra-articular nature of the procedure.
51058003 (Reconstruction of extremity using muscle flap)maps to wider conceptMRM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept describes using a muscle flap to reconstruct an extremity without specifying which limb, so MRM.ML.AA (unspecified site) is the closest available match; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the flap technique or that the reconstruction target is the extremity as a whole.
172228004 (Reconstruction of eyelid with chondromucosal graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA correctly identifies the target (eyelid) and the action (reconstruction), but the ICHI code does not encode the specific graft technique (chondromucosal graft) that characterises this SNOMED concept.
78397009 (Reconstruction of eyelid with hair follicle graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstructions regardless of technique; ICHI does not have a code that specifies a hair follicle graft as the reconstruction means.
172227009 (Reconstruction of eyelid with skin graft)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstructions without differentiating the graft material; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify use of a skin graft as the reconstructive technique.
47920001 (Reconstruction of eyelid with tarsoconjunctival flap)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA encompasses any eyelid reconstruction; ICHI provides no code distinguishing a tarsoconjunctival flap technique.
112959005 (Reconstruction of eyelid with tarsoconjunctival flap from opposing lid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)BAA.ML.AA is the only assignable ICHI code for eyelid reconstruction and does not capture the specific detail of a tarsoconjunctival flap sourced from the opposing lid.
1208624000 (Reconstruction of hand using distant groin flap)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI does not have a code specific to hand reconstruction or to the groin flap technique; LAE.ML.AA covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue graft or flap to the entire upper limb, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the hand target and the distant groin flap donor site.
1201944003 (Reconstruction of hand using flap)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI has no dedicated hand reconstruction or hand flap code; LAE.ML.AA is the best available match as it covers all forms of skin grafting/flap to the upper limb, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which is limited to the hand using a flap technique.
178854005 (Reconstruction of hand with local skin flap)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI does not distinguish local versus distant flap approaches, nor does it have a hand-specific reconstruction code; LAE.ML.AA captures the skin/subcutaneous reconstruction of the upper limb broadly, making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies the hand target and a local skin flap means.
45827003 (Reconstruction of head and neck using fasciocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA covers all skin grafts and flaps to the head or neck without distinguishing the fasciocutaneous flap type; the SNOMED concept specifies the more complex fasciocutaneous flap technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
19479007 (Reconstruction of head and neck using muscle flap)maps to wider conceptMAM.ML.AA (Myoplasty head or neck)MAM.ML.AA (myoplasty of head or neck) covers reconstruction of head/neck muscle tissue and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the "muscle flap" technique — ICHI encodes flap type as an extension rather than in the base code. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies muscle-flap-based reconstruction.
65635008 (Reconstruction of head and neck using myocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptMAM.ML.AA (Myoplasty head or neck)A myocutaneous flap is a composite muscle-plus-skin flap used for head/neck reconstruction; MAM.ML.AA (myoplasty head or neck) is the best available base code, but the skin component and flap technique would need to be captured via ICHI extension codes rather than the base code, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
239543007 (Reconstruction of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.MK.AA (Repair of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.MK.AA is the only ICHI code covering repair/reconstruction of an intervertebral disc without specifying a spinal level, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's non-level-specific scope. The ICHI code uses the action "repair" (MK) rather than "reconstruction" (ML), and the "not elsewhere classified" residual qualifier makes it slightly broader, but it is the best available match for a generic intervertebral disc reconstruction procedure.
70805003 (Reconstruction of joint)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MRJ (Interventions on joint unspecified site)ICHI has no single "reconstruction of joint" category code applicable to any joint; the closest structural match is the block "Interventions on joint unspecified site" (BlockL5-MRJ), which is broader as it covers all intervention types on any unspecified joint, not reconstruction specifically. No assignable reconstruction code exists for joints in general.
173250007 (Reconstruction of lip with tongue flap)maps to wider conceptKAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)KAA.ML.AA precisely matches the target organ and action (reconstruction of lip), but does not specify the technique — the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying a tongue flap as the means; ICHI's means axis does not have a specific code for tongue flap, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
449660006 (Reconstruction of lower limb)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-PNA (Interventions on topographical regions: lower limb)ICHI has no assignable code for "reconstruction of lower limb" as a whole; reconstruction codes in the lower limb section are restricted to specific structures (artery, vein, muscle, tendon, ligament, foot). The topographical block BlockL4-PNA covers the lower limb as a region, making it the broadest available grouping, but it encompasses all intervention types and is not reconstruction-specific.
236251005 (Reconstruction of male urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bladder neck)NAK.ML.AA precisely captures reconstruction of the bladder neck (target and action), but does not specify sex — it applies to any patient anatomy, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to males; the ICHI code is therefore slightly broader in scope.
1209171002 (Reconstruction of mandible using bone flap)maps to wider conceptMAG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mandible)MAG.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mandible exactly in terms of target and action, but ICHI does not distinguish the technique (bone flap) — the code is broader as it encompasses all reconstruction approaches for the mandible.
772769004 (Reconstruction of mandible using osteocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptMAG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mandible)MAG.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for mandible reconstruction and covers the procedure at the level of target and action, but it does not differentiate osteocutaneous (composite bone-and-skin) flap technique from other reconstruction methods, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
315302009 (Reconstruction of maxilla with flap)maps to wider conceptMAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla)MAF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the maxilla but does not specify flap-based technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly constrained to flap reconstruction; ICHI does not offer a more specific code for this approach within the maxilla block.
736100002 (Reconstruction of microtia with flap)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA covers all reconstruction of the auricle (the external ear structure absent in microtia) but does not specify the technique as flap-based; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a flap reconstruction.
736846000 (Reconstruction of microtia with graft)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA captures auricle reconstruction in general; it does not distinguish graft technique from flap or other means, so the ICHI code is broader than this graft-specific SNOMED concept.
736430001 (Reconstruction of microtia with microvascular anastomosis)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for auricle reconstruction and does not encode microvascular technique; "microvascular anastomosis" refers to the means axis detail (free-flap with vascular pedicle) which has no separate ICHI representation, making the mapping broader.
234906001 (Reconstruction of mouth using flap)maps to wider conceptKAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for reconstruction of the mouth/oral cavity as a whole; it does not specify the flap technique, and the NEC qualifier indicates it captures mouth reconstructions not assigned to a more specific sub-site (lip, tongue, palate), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
241017001 (Reconstruction of nail bed with free flap)maps to wider conceptPME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)ICHI has no specific code for nail bed reconstruction; the nail bed repair codes cover repair rather than reconstruction, and the closest reconstruction concept is PME.ML.AA (reconstruction of finger), which is anatomically broader and does not capture the free-flap technique or the nail bed specificity.
1231420006 (Reconstruction of nasopharynx using pedicle nasoseptal flap)maps to wider conceptJAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx)JAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nasopharynx but does not specify the technique (pedicle nasoseptal flap); the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding both the flap type and the donor tissue used.
271995002 (Reconstruction of nose with bone graft and microvascular transferred flap)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for nose reconstruction and does not capture the specific techniques of bone grafting combined with a microvascular free flap; the SNOMED concept is substantially more granular in its method specification.
307554005 (Reconstruction of nose with flap)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA covers nose reconstruction broadly but does not distinguish flap-based approaches from other reconstruction techniques, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
172771007 (Reconstruction of nose with skin graft)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA is the single ICHI category for nose reconstruction and does not encode the specific means of skin grafting; no separate skin-graft-specific nose reconstruction code exists in ICHI, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
23976002 (Reconstruction of nose, total with arm flap)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)JAA.ML.AA covers nose reconstruction without distinguishing total reconstruction or the use of an arm (tubed pedicle) flap as the donor tissue; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both the extent and the technique.
172161000 (Reconstruction of orbital cavity with bone graft)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the orbit (equivalent anatomical target to "orbital cavity") but does not capture the specific means of a bone graft; no bone-graft-specific orbital reconstruction sub-code exists in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
231545003 (Reconstruction of orbital cavity with conjunctival flap)maps to wider conceptBAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)BAM.ML.AA maps to reconstruction of the orbital cavity but does not specify the conjunctival flap technique; ICHI has no orbit reconstruction sub-code that encodes a conjunctival flap as the means, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
38882005 (Reconstruction of penis with graft)maps to wider conceptNGM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of penis)NGM.ML.AA matches the target (penis) and action (reconstruction/ML axis), but does not encode the specific means of a graft; ICHI lacks a penis-reconstruction-with-graft sub-code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
736773006 (Reconstruction of scalp using rotational flap)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated scalp reconstruction or rotational-flap code; LAA.MK.AA is the best available match as it covers skin repair of the head/neck region, which encompasses the scalp. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any head/neck skin repair regardless of anatomical sub-site or technique.
233346008 (Reconstruction of suprarenal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The suprarenal (adrenal) artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta or renal artery and is anatomically an abdominal artery, so IEA.ML.AA is the correct hierarchy. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries, not the suprarenal artery specifically.
77707003 (Reconstruction of thumb with bone graft and skin graft)maps to wider conceptPME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)ICHI classifies the thumb under "finger" in the topographical block and has a single "Reconstruction of finger" code (PME.ML.AA) which does not distinguish between thumb and other fingers, nor does it encode the specific means (bone graft + skin graft). The ICHI code is therefore broader.
712802002 (Reconstruction of thumb with skin flap)maps to wider conceptPME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)ICHI's finest granularity for thumb reconstruction is PME.ML.AA "Reconstruction of finger," which does not differentiate thumb from other digits or specify the skin flap technique. The code covers the core procedure but is broader in both the target and the means.
23262005 (Reconstruction of trunk using fasciocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptLAB.ML.AA (Skin graft to trunk)ICHI has no dedicated code for trunk reconstruction using a fasciocutaneous flap; LAB.ML.AA "Skin graft to trunk" captures the tissue transfer to trunk skin but does not encode the specific fasciocutaneous flap technique or the reconstructive intent explicitly, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
736511004 (Reconstruction of urethra with buccal mucosa graft)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying buccal mucosa as the graft material — a detail captured by ICHI extension codes rather than a dedicated category code, so the base ICHI code is broader.
427085004 (Reconstruction of vagina with bowel interposition)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)ICHI has no dedicated code for vaginal reconstruction using bowel interposition (intestinal segment interposition/sigmoid vaginoplasty); NMH.ML.AC "Other vaginal reconstruction" is the residual/catch-all category for vaginal reconstruction techniques not classified elsewhere, making it the best available match, though it is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
315301002 (Reconstruction of vagina with flap)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for flap-based vaginal reconstruction; NMH.ML.AC "Other vaginal reconstruction" is the appropriate residual category that would accommodate this technique, though the ICHI code is considerably broader than the flap-specific SNOMED procedure.
176691008 (Reconstruction of vagina with graft of skin)maps to wider conceptNMH.ML.AC (Other vaginal reconstruction)No ICHI code specifies vaginal reconstruction with skin graft as the technique; NMH.ML.AC "Other vaginal reconstruction" is the best available match as the residual vaginal reconstruction category, though it does not capture the skin graft specificity of the SNOMED concept.
438781008 (Reconstruction of vena cava)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI separates vena cava reconstruction into superior (HIB.ML.AA) and inferior (HIC.ML.AA) but has no unspecified vena cava code; IZE.ML.AA covers any blood vessel reconstruction and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
439438001 (Reconstruction of volar plate of interphalangeal joint of finger)maps to wider conceptMGL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)The volar plate is a fibrocartilaginous ligamentous structure; MGL.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, broader than the SNOMED specifying the volar plate of the IPJ.
1201949008 (Reconstruction using flap from forehead)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for forehead flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is the closest assignable integumentary NEC code, broader as it does not encode the donor-site origin.
1162652005 (Reconstruction using latissimus dorsi flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no assignable code for latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction; the NEC skin reconstruction code is the closest match, broader because it loses the muscle-flap donor-site detail.
177443009 (Reconstruction using local osteofasciocutaneous transposition flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no concept for osteofasciocutaneous composite flaps; the NEC integumentary code captures the procedural intent but does not encode tissue composition or local transposition.
177428007 (Reconstruction using local osteomyocutaneous transposition flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)Osteomyocutaneous (bone-muscle-skin) flap is not represented in ICHI; the NEC code captures the procedural intent but not the composite tissue or local transposition.
1204035003 (Reconstruction using mucosal flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for mucosal flap reconstruction; the NEC integumentary reconstruction code is the closest available, broader and lacking tissue-type specificity.
1217425004 (Reconstruction using nasolabial skin flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to nasolabial skin flaps; LZZ.ML.AA covers skin reconstruction NEC and is broader, capturing skin reconstruction in general rather than the nasolabial local flap technique.
1197772005 (Reconstruction using pedicle fascial flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has a pedicle flap extension code (XG9JE8) but no assignable base for pedicle fascial flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is the closest assignable code, substantially broader.
1208668003 (Reconstruction using posterior tibial artery fasciocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptLAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)ICHI has no code for posterior tibial artery fasciocutaneous flap; LAG.ML.AA is the most specific code covering lower limb skin reconstruction, but does not capture the fasciocutaneous flap technique.
736763009 (Reconstruction using skin flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes skin flap variants (XG1UU3 local, XG9JE8 pedicle, XG1AH4 free) only as extension qualifiers; LZZ.ML.AA is the best assignable code for unspecified skin reconstruction, broader than the flap-based SNOMED concept.
240984009 (Reconstruction with distant flap)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for distant flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is broader and does not capture the "distant" origin of the flap as encoded in the SNOMED concept.
240981001 (Reconstruction with fascial graft)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no code for reconstruction using a fascial graft; MRS.ML.AA is the closest available, covering soft tissue reconstruction at an unspecified site, broader because it does not specify the graft material or anatomical target.
252498005 (Record occlusal registration)maps to wider conceptKAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)ICHI has no dedicated code for occlusal registration; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest category, broader as it covers the full examination rather than just the occlusal registration step.
423688004 (Recreational therapy surveillance)maps to wider conceptSXC.AM.ZZ (Observation of engaging in recreation and leisure)"Recreational therapy surveillance" maps to ICHI's observation of recreation/leisure engagement; the ICHI code is broader, covering general observation rather than the clinically-directed surveillance framing.
18649001 (Rectal temperature taking)maps to wider conceptETG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of body temperature)ICHI's measurement of body temperature does not distinguish the rectal route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the rectal approach.
413019001 (Red cell genotype determination)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)ICHI has no dedicated code for molecular red cell antigen genotyping; DTA.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses any functional haematological test.
2051007 (Red cell iron utilization study)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)A red cell iron utilization study assesses erythropoietic function via radioactive iron tracing; ICHI has no specific code and DTA.AC.ZZ is considerably broader.
81937003 (Red cell survival study)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)A red cell survival study (typically Cr-51 labelled) measures RBC lifespan; DTA.AB.ZZ covers all haematological measurements and is broader.
165696006 (Red cell volume measurement)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)Red cell volume measurement aligns with DTA.AB.ZZ's measurement axis but the ICHI code applies to all haematological measurements rather than specifically red cell volume.
313450009 (Reducing substance measurement, stool)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)Stool reducing substances test for carbohydrate malabsorption (digestive function); ICHI has no code for stool biochemical analysis and KT2.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any digestive function test.
66075006 (Reduction of closed acromioclavicular dislocation with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMDJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of shoulder joint)The acromioclavicular joint sits within the shoulder region; ICHI does not distinguish AC joint specifically nor capture the "with manipulation" detail, making the code broader.
74126006 (Reduction of closed elbow dislocation requiring anesthesia)maps to wider conceptMEJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of elbow joint)MEJ.LD.AH directly matches target (elbow) and procedure type but does not capture the qualifier "requiring anesthesia," making it broader.
52919007 (Reduction of closed tarsal bone dislocation)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe)Tarsal dislocations involve intertarsal/tarsometatarsal joints within the foot; ICHI does not distinguish tarsal joints specifically, making MOJ.LD.AH broader.
303863001 (Reduction of dislocated joint (not prosthetic))maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has no aggregate "reduction of joint" category spanning all sites; MRJ.LD.AH defaults to closed approach and the "not prosthetic" qualifier has no ICHI counterpart, making it broader.
274449004 (Reduction of dislocation of joint of upper limb)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI provides site-specific upper limb codes but no aggregate "upper limb joint" code; MRJ.LD.AH is broader as it does not constrain to the upper limb.
274453002 (Reduction of dislocation of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has site-specific lower limb codes but no aggregate "lower limb joint" code; MRJ.LD.AH is the best non-site-specific option but broader.
430874007 (Reduction of dislocation of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of head or neck)MAJ.LD.AH covers all head/neck joints including the TMJ but does not specify the TMJ; no TMJ-specific reduction code exists in ICHI.
118461000 (Reduction of fracture with uncomplicated soft tissue closure)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The ICHI code captures the core fracture reduction but does not encode the concomitant soft tissue closure component, making it broader than the compound SNOMED procedure.
118460004 (Reduction of fracture-dislocation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for fracture-dislocation as a combined injury; MRB.LD.AA is the closest available code but does not capture the dislocation component.
433158000 (Reduction of intestinal intussusception using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AC (Reduction of small intestine by enema)ICHI's enema-based reduction of small intestine corresponds to fluoroscopic-guided hydrostatic/pneumatic reduction but does not encode the imaging modality, making it broader.
432547007 (Reduction of intestinal intussusception using ultrasound guidance)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AC (Reduction of small intestine by enema)ICHI has no separate code for ultrasound-guided reduction; the enema reduction code is the closest match but encompasses any imaging modality.
4293000 (Reduction of intussusception by laparotomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers open surgical manipulation of the small intestine including manual reduction at laparotomy, but is a residual NEC category broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
1258886005 (Reduction of intussusception of intestine using enema)maps to wider conceptKBZ.LD.AC (Reduction of large intestine not elsewhere classified, by enema)ICHI separates small from large intestine enema reduction; KBZ.LD.AC is the closest NEC large intestine code but does not specify intussusception or span both small and large intestine.
11032004 (Reduction of lunate dislocation with manipulation)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of wrist joint)Lunate dislocation is reduced at the wrist; ICHI lacks a code specific to the lunate carpal bone, so the wrist joint code is broader.
180160004 (Reduction of macrodactyly of toe)maps to wider conceptMOB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe)Macrodactyly toe reduction involves partial bone removal in the foot/toe, but the ICHI code is broader and doesn't capture soft tissue debulking or the macrodactyly indication.
440690008 (Reduction of masseter muscle by extraoral approach)maps to wider conceptMAM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of muscles of head or neck)Masseter reduction is a partial myectomy; ICHI lacks codes specific to the masseter or to the extraoral approach.
440603001 (Reduction of masseter muscle by intraoral approach)maps to wider conceptMAM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of muscles of head or neck)Same partial head/neck muscle excision code; ICHI does not encode the masseter or the intraoral approach.
234656009 (Reduction of maxillary tuberosity)maps to wider conceptMAF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of maxilla)Maxillary tuberosity reduction is a limited alveoloplasty; ICHI's partial maxillary excision code is broader and does not specify the tuberosity.
449647000 (Reduction of open fracture of lower leg with internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)Targets tibia/fibula via open reduction, but does not capture the internal fixation device implantation or the open-fracture nature of the injury.
55416000 (Reduction of palatal fractures, open treatment, Lefort I type)maps to wider conceptMAF.LD.AA (Open reduction of maxillary bone)LeFort I is a horizontal maxillary fracture; ICHI captures the maxilla and open approach but does not encode the LeFort I subtype.
18339007 (Reduction of prolapsed rectum under anesthesia)maps to wider conceptKBW.LC.AH (Manual reduction of rectal prolapse)Matches site and action but does not encode the "under anesthesia" qualifier.
36767002 (Reduction of volvulus of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of stomach)Best ICHI match; broader because it covers other reasons for gastric repositioning beyond volvulus.
178111003 (Reexcision of ganglion cyst)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no ganglion-specific or reexcision-specific code; the unspecified-site soft tissue lesion excision is the closest available match.
1287791009 (Reexcision of skin margins of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI groups head and neck skin under one code and does not distinguish reexcision from primary excision or capture margin clearance.
1287792002 (Reexcision of skin margins of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Same combined head/neck code; ICHI has no neck-only code and no reexcision-specific code.
173908003 (Refashioning of jejunostomy)maps to wider conceptPTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy)ICHI lacks a specific jejunostomy revision code; "Management of enterostomy" is broader and includes non-surgical management.
183606009 (Referral for counseling for termination of pregnancy)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)UEP.TI.ZZ covers any referral regardless of clinical reason; ICHI has no termination-counselling specific referral code.
416414009 (Referral for home intravenous medication administration)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)The only referral code in ICHI; broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies home IV medication context.
252886007 (Refraction assessment)maps to wider conceptBTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of seeing functions)ICHI lacks a refraction-specific code; "Assessment of seeing functions" is the closest but covers all visual function assessment.
314125009 (Refraction under general anesthetic)maps to wider conceptBTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of seeing functions)Same broad visual assessment code; ICHI does not capture refraction or the general anaesthetic context.
58076004 (Refractive keratoplasty by laser surgery)maps to wider conceptBBB.ML.AA (Keratoplasty)ICHI has only one undifferentiated keratoplasty code without sub-types for refractive intent or laser means.
1344765002 (Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation into left eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)Captures IOL implantation but not the lensectomy, refractive intent, or laterality (left eye requires extension).
1344766001 (Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation into right eye)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)Same IOL insertion code; lens extraction, refractive intent, and right-eye laterality are not captured.
1253002 (Refusion of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-fusion code; this code does not encode the revision nature or spinal level.
735394001 (Rehabilitation following spinal surgery)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)Only generic rehabilitation extension code in ICHI; broader than the SNOMED post-spinal-surgery context.
762049002 (Reimplantation of suprarenal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LB.AA (Reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel)Suprarenal artery is in the same abdominal/pelvic arterial block; the only reimplantation code in this vascular territory and broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
439447009 (Reimplantation of visceral artery into infrarenal aortic prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated code for visceral artery reimplantation into a prosthesis; IEA.ML.AA is the best structural fit but broader and does not capture the prosthesis or specific target vessel.
230901001 (Reinforcing of wall of intracranial aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of intracranial artery)ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm reinforcement/wrapping; IAA.ML.AA covers open surgical reconstruction of intracranial arterial walls including aneurysm repair but is broader, encompassing all intracranial arterial reconstruction.
112936004 (Reinsertion of holter valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)A Holter valve is a ventricular shunt valve; reinsertion is semantically equivalent to replacement of a ventricular device. AAE.KA.AA is broader as it covers any ventricular device replacement.
30541003 (Reinsertion of ruptured distal biceps tendon with tendon graft)maps to wider conceptMET.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of elbow joint)The distal biceps tendon inserts at the radial tuberosity (elbow region); reattachment with tendon graft aligns with MET.ML.AA, which is wider as it covers any tendon reconstruction at the elbow.
178334004 (Reinsertion of ureterostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ureteric device)A ureterostomy tube is a ureteric drainage device; reinserting it corresponds to replacing a ureteric device. NAE.KA.AA is wider as it covers any ureteric device replacement.
313085000 (Relationship counseling)maps to wider conceptSR1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.PP.ZZ is the closest counselling code targeting interpersonal relationships but is broader than dyadic relationship counselling, covering all interpersonal interactions unspecified.
6227009 (Relationship psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptSR1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)SR1.PQ.ZZ uses psychotherapy action on interpersonal relationships target, the best structural match for "relationship psychotherapy," but covers all interpersonal interactions rather than focused dyadic/couples psychotherapy.
57307001 (Release for tenosynovitis of abductor pollicis longus)maps to wider conceptMFT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of forearm or wrist joint)The abductor pollicis longus is a forearm muscle whose tendon runs through the first dorsal compartment at the wrist; ICHI does not encode tenosynovitis as a specific indication, making the code broader.
15630001 (Release for tenosynovitis of external pollicis brevis)maps to wider conceptMFT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of forearm or wrist joint)The extensor pollicis brevis shares the first dorsal compartment with abductor pollicis longus (target of de Quervain's release); ICHI does not capture the specific tendon or tenosynovitis indication, so the code is broader.
239274005 (Release of contracture of sternomastoid muscle)maps to wider conceptMAM.FC.AA (Release of muscles of neck)MAM.FC.AA covers release of neck muscles, encompassing the sternocleidomastoid, with FC explicitly encoding "release"; broader as it covers any neck muscle and does not encode the contracture indication.
274961002 (Release of fascia of abdomen)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated code for release of abdominal fascia; MRS.FC.AA captures the release action but is broader in both site (unspecified vs abdomen) and tissue type (soft tissue vs fascia).
178276009 (Release of muscle origin)maps to wider conceptMRS.FC.AA (Release of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for release of a muscle at its origin; the unspecified-site soft tissue release code is the broadest fallback as no site-specific muscle release exists beyond neck and hand.
122485004 (Release of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated "release of tendon sheath" code at unspecified site; MRT.FC.AA is the nearest functional equivalent but broader as it covers the whole tendon structure rather than the sheath.
13381004 (Release of tendon sheath of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of hand or finger)ICHI has no dedicated code for release of tendon sheath of hand; MGT.FC.AA is the most specific available code but broader as it encompasses the entire tendon rather than the sheath.
173372007 (Release of transfixion of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.FC.AC (Release of tongue)KAB.FC.AC covers any release of the tongue, broader than the specific release of a tongue transfixion (suture or pin passing through the tongue).
42576007 (Release of trigeminal nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve)The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.FC.AA is anatomically appropriate but broader, covering any cranial nerve release without specifying the trigeminal.
239268005 (Release of trigger thumb)maps to wider conceptMGT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of hand or finger)Trigger thumb is treated by releasing the constricting first annular pulley of the flexor tendon sheath; MGT.FC.AA captures this as a tendon release at hand/finger but is broader, applying to any tendon release of the hand or finger.
285105008 (Reline of denture at chairside)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for denture relining; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available code covering chairside maintenance and adjustment of dental prosthetic appliances.
285104007 (Reline of denture at laboratory)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI lacks a code distinguishing laboratory-based denture relining; KAE.SM.AC is the best available category covering prosthetic dental appliance management.
83393002 (Relocation of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for generator pocket relocation; HFC.KA.AA covers surgical revision of a pacemaker/defibrillator system but implies device replacement rather than relocation.
20453006 (Relocation of cardiac pacemaker pocket to new site in subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no specific code for pacemaker pocket relocation; HFC.KA.AA is the closest surgical intervention but broader as it covers full system replacement rather than moving the generator to a new pocket site.
312714009 (Relocation of intraocular lens from vitreous cavity)maps to wider conceptBBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of lens)BBF.LD.AA covers repositioning of the lens generally, semantically matching relocation of a dislocated IOL, but does not specify the source location (vitreous cavity) or that it is a prosthetic intraocular lens.
26097007 (Remobilization of stapes)maps to wider conceptCBF.FC.AC (Release of stapes)"Remobilization of stapes" restores stapes mobility (typically after otosclerosis ankylosis); CBF.FC.AC is the closest ICHI code for liberating the stapes, broader as it covers any stapes release.
262304001 (Remounting of denture on articulator)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Remounting a denture on an articulator is a specific prosthodontic step to check and adjust occlusion; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available code but broader, encompassing any management of an external dental appliance.
439348000 (Removal and replacement of subcutaneous port component after open gastric restrictive procedure)maps to wider conceptLAB.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk)LAB.KA.AA captures the trunk subcutaneous site and the replacement action but is broader as it does not encode the post-bariatric surgical context or the port-specific component detail.
225151003 (Removal of adhesive skin closures)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)Adhesive skin closures (e.g. Steri-Strips) are external wound-closure devices removed without incision; LZZ.JD.AH covers non-incisional removal of a device from skin NEC but its framing of "internal device" does not precisely reflect the external nature of adhesive closures.
173707003 (Removal of Angelchik prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision)The Angelchik prosthesis is a silicone ring placed around the gastroesophageal junction; the gastroesophageal junction block has no device-removal code, making KBA.JD.AA the closest match, broader as it covers any oesophageal device.
32833004 (Removal of anterior instrumentation of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has level-specific spine device removal codes but no single code for multi-level or approach-specific (anterior) spinal instrumentation removal; MBZ.JD.AA covers the unspecified/NEC spine level.
13084004 (Removal of arterial graft or prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JD.AF is the closest ICHI code for removing a device from an artery at unspecified location; broader as it covers any intravascular device removal from arteries NEC, while ICHI has no dedicated code for open removal of an extravascular arterial graft/prosthesis.
233413003 (Removal of arterial stent)maps to wider conceptIZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular internal device from an unspecified artery, encompassing an arterial stent but broader: it does not specify the device is a stent and applies to any artery NEC.
176242009 (Removal of artificial urinary bladder neck sphincter in female)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)The ICHI code targets the bladder neck and covers removal of an internal device, matching artificial sphincter removal; broader because it does not specify the device type, sex, or surgical approach.
176282002 (Removal of artificial urinary sphincter from around male bladder neck or urethra)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)The bladder neck is the primary anatomical target for periurethral/perivesical artificial sphincter in males and NAK.JD.AA covers device removal there; broader as it does not restrict to males, name the device type, or capture the urethral alternative location.
1338048005 (Removal of bilateral hip joint prostheses for periprosthetic joint infection)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint)Targets the hip joint and describes removal of an internal device (prosthesis) but broader: does not capture bilaterality, the prosthesis device type, or the periprosthetic-joint-infection indication.
43748006 (Removal of bladder catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.JD.AC (Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder)NAI.JD.AC covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the bladder, subsuming catheter removal but broader (any device, not specifically a catheter). No ICHI code is specific to bladder catheter removal.
236270000 (Removal of bulbar urethral prosthesis for incontinence)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra)NAM.JD.AA captures the urethral site and removal action but broader: does not specify the bulbar segment or that the device is a continence prosthesis.
66750004 (Removal of calcareous deposit from bursa)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI lacks specific codes for bursa or calcareous/calcific deposits; bursae are peri-articular soft tissue, so MRS.JI.AA is the closest available category — broader as it covers any soft tissue lesion at any site.
432817003 (Removal of calculus from bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKCM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from bile duct)KCM.JE.AA precisely matches extraction of calculus from the bile duct but does not encode the fluoroscopic-guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept.
431915007 (Removal of calculus from salivary gland using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AA captures calculus extraction from the salivary gland/duct but is broader: does not specify fluoroscopic guidance and also encompasses the duct.
30355007 (Removal of calculus of lacrimal gland by incision)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)Captures the operative approach (incision) used to remove the calculus from the lacrimal gland but ICHI encodes the apparatus as a whole and does not distinguish calculus removal from other incision purposes.
62082008 (Removal of calculus of lacrimal passage by incision)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)The lacrimal passage is part of the lacrimal apparatus and incision is the stated means; BAD.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code, broader by covering any incision of the apparatus.
57700002 (Removal of calculus of lacrimal punctum)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)No ICHI code specifies the lacrimal punctum as a sub-target for calculus removal; BAD.FA.AA covers the broader apparatus and the operative approach implied by punctum stone removal.
69881003 (Removal of calculus of lacrimal sac)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)The lacrimal sac is a component of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is the best available match because sac calculus removal requires incision, but the code is wider in anatomical scope and does not encode calculus as the indication.
37152004 (Removal of calculus of nasolacrimal duct)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)The nasolacrimal duct is part of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is the best available match as duct calculus removal involves incision, but it is broader without specificity to the duct or to calculus as indication.
53380002 (Removal of calculus of perirenal tissue)maps to wider conceptNAA.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from kidney)ICHI has no specific code for perirenal-tissue calculus extraction; closest available code targets the kidney itself. Perirenal tissue is anatomically distinct from kidney parenchyma so this match is wider.
21272003 (Removal of calculus of urethra with incision)maps to wider conceptNAM.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from urethra)NAM.JE.AA captures calculus extraction from the urethra but does not specify the incisional approach (urethrotomy); broader since it encompasses non-incisional approaches as well.
45921003 (Removal of cardiac pacemaker electrodes with replacement)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept refers to electrode/lead replacement only; HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish electrode-only replacement.
384684002 (Removal of cardiac pacemaker with replacement by single-chamber device, rate-responsive)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Aligns with replacement of a pacemaker system but ICHI does not encode the granular detail of chamber count (single-chamber) or rate-responsive functionality.
88553002 (Removal of cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator without replacement)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, matching removal intent, but does not distinguish pulse-generator-only removal nor encode the "without replacement" qualifier.
80925005 (Removal of cerebral ventricular reservoir, Ommaya or Rickham)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from brain ventricles, semantically encompassing the Ommaya/Rickham reservoir but not specifying the device type or its subcutaneous reservoir component.
287852004 (Removal of cerebral ventricular valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain)A ventricular valve (e.g. CSF shunt valve) is a specific implanted device; AAE.JD.AA captures the action at the correct site but does not specify the device as a valve.
438363008 (Removal of cervical total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervical intervertebral disc)MBB.JD.AA precisely matches the target and removal action but does not capture the qualifier "total" disc prosthesis or the anterior surgical approach.
180273006 (Removal of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)Matches the anatomical target (peritoneal cavity) and the removal action; broader because it does not specify that the device is a dialysis catheter or the chronic ambulatory dialysis context.
235405001 (Removal of colostomy bridge)maps to wider conceptKBP.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon)A colostomy bridge is a temporary support device at colostomy creation; KBP.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the colon, broader than the colostomy-bridge-specific concept.
23322009 (Removal of coronary artery obstruction, percutaneous transluminal, multiple vessels)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)HIA.JE.AF captures the endovascular (percutaneous transluminal) removal of obstruction from the coronary artery but does not distinguish single-vessel from multi-vessel intervention.
287609002 (Removal of dermal appendage)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-LAG (Interventions on skin appendages)ICHI has no single code for generic "removal of dermal appendage"; the classification organises skin-appendage procedures by region and action. The block BlockL4-LAG is the best organisational match but encompasses multiple actions and sites.
6384001 (Removal of device from digestive system)maps to wider conceptKZZ.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from digestive system, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the digestive system at the system-wide NEC level; marginally wider as it also encompasses foreign bodies, not just devices.
236892008 (Removal of displaced intrauterine device from peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)Precisely captures the anatomical site (peritoneal cavity) and removal action for a migrated IUD; marginally wider as it does not specify the device as an IUD or the displaced/migrated nature.
225671006 (Removal of ear plug)maps to wider conceptCAE.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from external auditory canal)An ear plug lodged in the external auditory canal is functionally a foreign body in that location; CAE.JD.AC is slightly wider as it encompasses any foreign body or device at that site.
387709005 (Removal of ectopic fetus from abdominal cavity)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy in general without specifying the abdominal cavity site; the procedure intent and action match well but the site qualifier is lost.
73341009 (Removal of ectopic fetus from ovary without oophorectomy)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)Best available ICHI code for ectopic pregnancy removal but does not distinguish ovarian site or the organ-sparing qualifier (no oophorectomy).
88144003 (Removal of ectopic interstitial uterine pregnancy requiring total hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code that captures the ectopic pregnancy indication together with the hysterectomy; NME.JK.AA covers the total abdominal hysterectomy (the definitive surgical act performed), making it wider as it does not encode the ectopic pregnancy context or the indication.
387615001 (Removal of ectopic pregnancy from fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA captures removal of an ectopic pregnancy but does not specify the fallopian tube as the site, so the ICHI code is wider — it applies to ectopic pregnancy removal from any site.
6979000 (Removal of elastic bandage)maps to wider conceptUA1.SO.ZZ (Removal of assistive product, unspecified)ICHI has no dedicated code for removing an elastic bandage specifically; the best available match is UA1.SO.ZZ, which covers removal of any assistive product without specifying body site or product type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
27449007 (Removal of embolus from intracranial artery)maps to wider conceptIAA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from intracranial artery)IAA.JE.AF targets the intracranial artery and describes extraction of an obstruction (encompassing embolus), but specifies endovascular means whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify approach and could include open surgery.
41616008 (Removal of embolus from thoracic artery)maps to wider conceptIDA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of thorax)ICHI lacks a dedicated thromboembolectomy code for the thoracic artery; endarterectomy is the closest available code covering surgical removal of intraluminal material from the artery of the thorax, but it includes removal of intima/plaque and is broader than embolus removal.
1255572004 (Removal of fixed functional orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers "management" of an external dental appliance, which is broader than the specific act of removal and encompasses adjustment, repair, and other management activities.
234884002 (Removal of fixed orthodontic appliance component)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code for interventions on dental external appliances, but is broader because it covers all management activities rather than specifically the removal of a single component.
60836005 (Removal of foreign body from antecubital fossa)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no code specific to the antecubital fossa; LAE.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire upper limb, which is broader.
82043001 (Removal of foreign body from axilla)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has no code specific to the axilla; LAE.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb broadly, which encompasses the axillary region.
1868005 (Removal of foreign body from brain)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)The ICHI code covers the target anatomy (brain) and action (removal of foreign body), but bundles "internal device or foreign body" together, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies foreign body only.
66101004 (Removal of foreign body from breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from breast)The ICHI code covers the correct target (breast) and action (removal of foreign body), but groups "internal device or foreign body" under a single code, making it broader than SNOMED.
287305003 (Removal of foreign body from bronchus by incision)maps to wider conceptJBB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bronchus)JBB.JD.AA uses the open approach (means axis AA) which aligns with "by incision," but the ICHI code groups "internal device or foreign body" together and does not explicitly name incision in its title.
33651006 (Removal of foreign body from cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve)AAN.JD.AA covers both internal device removal and foreign body removal from the cranial nerve via open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only foreign body removal.
128394004 (Removal of foreign body from digestive system)maps to wider conceptKZZ.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from digestive system, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.JD.AC is the closest ICHI match at the digestive system level, but is a residual NEC code that also encompasses internal device removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
67997001 (Removal of foreign body from esophagus by incision)maps to wider conceptKBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision)KBA.JD.AA is a near-exact match — both specify the oesophagus as the target and incision (open approach) as the means — but the ICHI code also encompasses internal device removal, making it slightly broader.
405709007 (Removal of foreign body from foot)maps to wider conceptLAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI has no single "foot" foreign body removal code covering all tissue types; LAG.JD.AA covers the lower limb (broader than foot), making it wider in anatomical scope while being restricted to skin/subcutaneous tissue.
405706000 (Removal of foreign body from hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI has tissue-specific hand codes (bone, joint, tendon, nail) but no single unspecified-tissue "hand" foreign body code; LAE.JD.AA is the closest match covering foreign body removal from the upper limb (which includes the hand).
37470006 (Removal of foreign body from head)maps to wider conceptLAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JD.AA names the head as the target and removal as the action, but is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses the neck and implies a skin/subcutaneous tissue depth.
172498005 (Removal of foreign body from iris)maps to wider conceptBBE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has no dedicated foreign body removal code for the iris specifically; BBE.JD.AA targets the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the anatomical compartment immediately adjacent to (and bounded by) the iris.
17756004 (Removal of foreign body from joint structure)maps to wider conceptMRJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site)ICHI's code covers removal from a joint of unspecified site and includes both internal devices and foreign bodies, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies only foreign body removal.
86439006 (Removal of foreign body from neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI covers skin and subcutaneous tissue of both head and neck together, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the neck only and may include deeper neck structures (muscle, fascia) beyond skin/subcutaneous tissue.
55041002 (Removal of foreign body from nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve)ICHI has separate codes for cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves while the SNOMED concept refers to "nerve" generically; ACA.JD.AE is the best general-purpose match but fixes the approach as percutaneous and scope as peripheral nerve only.
11328002 (Removal of foreign body from nose by incision)maps to wider conceptJAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from nose)JAA.JD.AA uses the open (AA) means axis consistent with "by incision," and targets the nose exactly, but the ICHI code subsumes both incision and unspecified approaches under the same category.
5687005 (Removal of foreign body from ovary)maps to wider conceptNMS.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from female genital tract, not elsewhere classified)No ovary-specific foreign body removal code exists in the ICHI ovary block; the closest available code covers the entire female genital tract as a residual NEC category, making it substantially broader.
20153000 (Removal of foreign body from pharynx by pharyngotomy)maps to wider conceptKAR.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oropharynx with incision)KAR.JD.AA matches the procedure (foreign body removal via pharyngotomy) but is specific to the oropharynx, while the SNOMED "pharynx" also encompasses nasopharynx and hypopharynx.
450578006 (Removal of foreign body from rectouterine pouch)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)The rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) is a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no specific code for this sub-site, so the broader peritoneal cavity code is the best match.
23331009 (Removal of foreign body from skin with incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.JD.AA is the residual NEC code for skin/subcutaneous foreign body removal with open incision (AA); broader than SNOMED because it adds subcutaneous tissue and is site-unspecified.
18994009 (Removal of foreign body from soft tissue)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AH (Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.JD.AH targets soft tissue and foreign body removal exactly with unspecified site; broader because the means axis AH ("without incision/not specified") covers any approach.
64550003 (Removal of foreign body from stomach by incision)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)KBF.JD.AA covers open (AA) removal from stomach matching "by incision," but is broader as it also encompasses internal device removal beyond foreign body alone.
444291007 (Removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue by incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Best available unspecified-site code for open removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue; broader as it also encompasses internal device removal and skin in addition to subcutaneous tissue.
14983002 (Removal of foreign body from supraclavicular fossa by incision)maps to wider conceptLAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)The supraclavicular fossa is in the neck region; LAA.JD.AA (head or neck, open approach AA) is the closest fit but covers the whole head and neck region and also encompasses internal device removal.
450577001 (Removal of foreign body from urinary tract)maps to wider conceptNAI.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder)ICHI encodes foreign body removal only at individual urinary structures (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra); NAI.JD.AA is selected as a representative match but the SNOMED is broader covering any part of urinary tract.
112914002 (Removal of foreign body from vagina by incision)maps to wider conceptNMH.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina)Matches target (vagina) and action (foreign body removal); .AC = transvaginal route, broader than the specific incision approach in SNOMED.
72199008 (Removal of foreign body from vitreous by incision)maps to wider conceptBCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye)ICHI has no dedicated foreign body removal code for the vitreous body; BCA.JD.AA covers the entire posterior segment of the eye which includes the vitreous.
16577008 (Removal of foreign body of adenoid by incision)maps to wider conceptDAB.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from adenoid)Matches target (adenoid) and action precisely; means axis .AC (endoscopic/transnasal) does not specify incision, making the ICHI code slightly broader with respect to approach.
84542000 (Removal of foreign body of anterior chamber of eye by incision with use of magnet)maps to wider conceptBBE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye)ICHI precisely targets the anterior chamber and removal action but does not capture the magnet instrument detail; broader because it omits the magnet specification.
1351527003 (Removal of foreign body of eye by incision)maps to wider conceptBZZ.JD.AA (Removal of superficial foreign body from eye with incision)Matches on target (eye, unspecified structure), action, and means (with incision); ICHI restricts to "superficial" while SNOMED is non-specific about depth.
52650006 (Removal of foreign body of eyelid by incision)maps to wider conceptBAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from eyelid)Targets the eyelid and removal action exactly; means AA (open) implies incision, but is broader as it also covers internal device removal.
35139005 (Removal of foreign body of kidney by incision)maps to wider conceptNAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from kidney)Targets kidney with means AA (open) consistent with incision; broader because it also covers internal device removal.
8082002 (Removal of foreign body of lacrimal gland by incision)maps to wider conceptBAD.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus)BAD.JD.AA covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct), broader than the lacrimal gland alone.
81221004 (Removal of foreign body of lacrimal passage by incision)maps to wider conceptBAD.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus)Covers the entire lacrimal apparatus, whereas the SNOMED concept targets specifically the lacrimal passages (canaliculi, sac, nasolacrimal duct).
45824005 (Removal of foreign body of popliteal space)maps to wider conceptLAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated popliteal fossa code; LAG.JD.AA covers all lower limb skin/subcutaneous tissue, broader than the specific deep posterior-knee compartment.
66079000 (Removal of foreign body of shoulder, deep)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)ICHI lacks a dedicated deep-tissue or shoulder-muscle foreign body code; LAE.JD.AA covers upper limb broadly at skin/subcutaneous level, losing the "deep" qualifier.
12726002 (Removal of foreign body of tonsil by incision)maps to wider conceptDAA.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from tonsil)Targets tonsil and action correctly but means AC (indirect/endoscopic) rather than open incision; no tonsil-specific code captures the "by incision" qualifier.
68386008 (Removal of foreign body of trunk)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.JD.AA is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk; SNOMED is broader and includes deeper trunk structures (muscle, fascia, etc.).
67396001 (Removal of foreign body of ureter by incision)maps to wider conceptNAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter)NAE.JD.AA covers open removal from ureter (AA = open approach); broader because ICHI does not distinguish foreign body from calculus at this level.
405710002 (Removal of foreign body without incision from upper limb, except hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb without incision)Captures the without-incision approach and upper limb target; broader as it covers the full upper limb including hand and is restricted to skin/subcutaneous tissue.
8444004 (Removal of gallstones from liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from liver)No dedicated gallstone removal from liver code; closest is removal of any internal device or foreign body from liver, broader than the specific gallstone concept.
80480007 (Removal of gallstones from small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI lacks a specific gallstone removal code for small intestine; best available code covers any internal device or foreign body, broader than gallstone removal.
14490001000004108 (Removal of gastric pacemaker)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)No dedicated gastric pacemaker code; the gastric pacemaker is an implanted electrical stimulator in the stomach wall, mapping to the general stomach device removal code.
433032002 (Removal of gastrostomy tube using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach)Gastrostomy tube passes through the stomach wall, mapping to the stomach device removal code; SNOMED's fluoroscopic guidance is not distinguished in ICHI.
239406008 (Removal of graft from mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible)No dedicated graft removal code for mandible; bone graft is classified as internal device in ICHI, so this is the closest match, broader than graft-specific.
239393005 (Removal of graft from maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone)Covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone, broader than specifically removing a bone graft; no dedicated "graft removal" code for maxilla.
448423006 (Removal of hemodialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)Hemodialysis catheter is a central venous catheter; IZD.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular device from a vein, broader than the dialysis-specific catheter type.
235406000 (Removal of ileostomy bridge)maps to wider conceptKBK.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine without incision)Ileostomy bridge (support rod) is a temporary device removed at bedside without incision; KBK.JD.AC captures this, though broader than the specific bridge device type.
65942005 (Removal of impacted tooth from maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)Removal of an ectopic/impacted tooth from the maxillary sinus matches KAE.JK.AC's action (excision via incision); broader as it doesn't specify displacement into the maxillary sinus.
66648003 (Removal of impacted tooth, partially bony)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)Partially bony impacted tooth requires surgical incision and bone removal to access and extract the tooth. ICHI does not distinguish soft tissue and bony impaction subtypes, so the code is broader.
27918006 (Removal of impacted tooth, soft tissue)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)Soft tissue impaction also requires incision through gingiva to access the tooth, aligning with "excision via incision." ICHI does not differentiate soft tissue from bony impaction subtypes.
10777003 (Removal of implant from hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of hand or finger)ICHI code captures bone-based implant removal in the hand/finger; SNOMED is slightly different in scope (could include soft tissue) and ICHI extends beyond hand to fingers.
609276001 (Removal of implant from radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm)ICHI covers the entire forearm bone group (radius and ulna), broader than the SNOMED concept specific to the radius.
708885004 (Removal of implant from scapula)maps to wider conceptMDB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of shoulder region)ICHI groups all shoulder-region bones (scapula, clavicle, proximal humerus); no scapula-specific code exists.
608877007 (Removal of implant from ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm)ICHI does not distinguish radius from ulna and codes both under "bone of forearm."
608884004 (Removal of implant from vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has level-specific codes (cervical/thoracic/lumbar); since SNOMED does not specify the level, the unspecified-spine code is the best match.
711166001 (Removal of implantable cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of both pacemakers and defibrillator systems; SNOMED is limited to the pacemaker.
90337000 (Removal of implantable intravenous infusion pump)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code specific to IV infusion pump; IZD.JD.AF is the closest fit but broader and assumes percutaneous transluminal approach.
18305008 (Removal of implantable venous access port)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)No port-specific ICHI code; IZD.JD.AF is the closest available match but broader and approach-mismatched.
4642002 (Removal of inflatable penile prosthesis, with pump, reservoir and cylinders)maps to wider conceptNGM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis)NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the penis; ICHI does not distinguish prosthesis type or specify pump/reservoir/cylinder components.
177712001 (Removal of inserted substance from subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Site-unspecified subcutaneous device removal aligns; ICHI's JD action covers both inserted substances and foreign bodies, slightly broader.
1331993005 (Removal of internal fixation device from bone of thorax)maps to wider conceptMCB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from rib or sternum)MCB.JD.AA covers the main bony components of the thoracic cage; thoracic vertebrae are coded separately, so the ICHI scope differs slightly.
81130000 (Removal of intraligamentous ectopic pregnancy)maps to wider conceptNMR.JF.AA (Removal of ectopic pregnancy)NMR.JF.AA describes removal of any ectopic pregnancy without specifying the implantation site; SNOMED specifies the broad-ligament location.
449401004 (Removal of intrathecal catheter using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)Intrathecal space sits within the spinal canal; ICHI does not distinguish catheter type or encode fluoroscopic guidance.
426400005 (Removal of intrathecal drug delivery device adjacent to spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)Covers removal of any internal device from the spinal canal; ICHI does not specify the device subtype or "adjacent to spinal cord" qualifier.
288184005 (Removal of IV endocardial electrode)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI codes removal of the complete pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than an individual lead; no lead-only extraction code exists.
764386009 (Removal of joint prosthesis for periprosthetic joint infection)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint)ICHI provides site-specific device removal codes per joint but does not encode the infection indication or distinguish prosthesis types; assumes hip site.
708997002 (Removal of Kirschner wire internal bone fixator from hip)maps to wider conceptMLB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur)A K-wire at the hip is typically placed in the proximal femur; ICHI does not specify K-wire vs other devices.
233028005 (Removal of left atrial thrombus)maps to wider conceptHAZ.JE.AA (Thrombectomy from atrium)No left-atrium-specific thrombectomy code in ICHI; the unspecified-atrium code encompasses either atrium.
233081002 (Removal of left ventricular thrombus)maps to wider conceptHBA.JJ.AA (Excision of left ventricular tissue)ICHI has no dedicated thrombectomy of left ventricle code; HBA.JJ.AA is the closest anatomically specific code but encompasses any excised ventricular tissue.
307299001 (Removal of lesion from intracranial subdural space)maps to wider conceptAAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of intracranial space)AAG.JI.AA targets the intracranial space as a whole, subsuming the subdural compartment; no subdural-specific code exists.
176383009 (Removal of lesion of urethral meatus)maps to wider conceptNAM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of urethra)NAM.JI.AA covers local excision anywhere along the urethra; no meatus-specific code exists.
448209006 (Removal of loose body from ankle joint)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint)A loose body is classified surgically as a foreign body, but ICHI's code also encompasses internal devices, making it broader.
448662008 (Removal of loose body from hand joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from finger or hand joint)ICHI groups finger and hand joints together; loose body classifies as a foreign body.
708995005 (Removal of loose body from joint of foot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe)ICHI groups foot and toe joints together, broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to a joint of the foot.
439898006 (Removal of lumbar total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBN.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of lumbar intervertebral disc)ICHI identifies the lumbar disc target and removal action but does not encode the anterior approach or distinguish total from partial prosthesis.
67354000 (Removal of lumbosubarachnoid shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)The lumbosubarachnoid shunt is an internal device in the spinal canal; ICHI does not specify the lumbosubarachnoid configuration.
303652002 (Removal of mole of skin operations)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Mole removal is local excision of skin tissue; LZZ used because SNOMED does not specify body region. ICHI does not distinguish lesion type.
33533004 (Removal of nephrostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from kidney)A nephrostomy tube is an internal device in the kidney; ICHI does not specify the device type or percutaneous approach.
171668005 (Removal of neurostimulator from cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve)Target (cranial nerve) and action (removal of internal device) align precisely; ICHI does not specify the device as a neurostimulator.
287621003 (Removal of object from tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from trachea)ICHI targets the trachea as a whole; SNOMED specifies removal via the tracheostomy stoma. No tracheostomy-specific removal code exists.
445846003 (Removal of obstruction of ureter by transurethral approach)maps to wider conceptNAE.JD.AD (Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter)The ICHI code covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ureter, which encompasses obstruction removal via this approach, but is broader as it is not limited to obstructions. The transurethral approach and ureteral target match precisely.
302420002 (Removal of organic material from skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)Removal of organic material from skin corresponds clinically to debridement, and the NEC/unspecified-site code is appropriate as no body region is specified. The ICHI code is wider as debridement encompasses removal of non-organic material as well.
303856001 (Removal of orthopedic wires)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)Orthopedic wires are internal fixation devices implanted in musculoskeletal structures; the NEC code applies because no anatomical site is specified. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body from any musculoskeletal structure.
3969006 (Removal of osteocartilagenous loose body from joint structures)maps to wider conceptMZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)An osteocartilaginous loose body in a joint maps to a musculoskeletal foreign body in ICHI; the NEC code is used because no specific joint is named. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal site and any device or foreign body.
77326008 (Removal of pacemaker electrode leads without replacement)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)The SNOMED concept refers to removing only the electrode leads (not the generator and not for replacement), whereas HFC.JD.AA encompasses removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system. No lead-specific removal code exists in ICHI.
26867000 (Removal of pantopaque dye from spinal canal)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AH (Removal of external device or foreign body from spinal canal)Pantopaque is an oil-based contrast historically removed from the spinal canal via lumbar puncture (without incision), aligning with the AH means axis. ABG.JD.AH is the best available match but is broader as it covers any external foreign body or device.
31434001 (Removal of penetrating foreign body from cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervix)NMF.JD.AC covers removal of a foreign body from the cervix via transvaginal approach, matching the anatomical site and procedure type. It is slightly wider as it also covers internal device removal and does not distinguish penetrating from non-penetrating foreign bodies.
112951008 (Removal of peripheral neurostimulator receiver)maps to wider conceptACA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve)ACA.JD.AE is the closest ICHI code for removing a neurostimulator component associated with a peripheral nerve. It is wider because ICHI specifies a percutaneous approach and lacks a receiver-specific device distinction.
440459001 (Removal of peripherally inserted central catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF covers removal of an intravascular device from a vein, which aligns with PICC line removal. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the specific catheter type (PICC), the central venous target, or fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.
1279988001 (Removal of piercing from left external ear)maps to wider conceptCAA.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified)A retained piercing in the external ear is clinically a foreign body, making CAA.JD.AA the appropriate ICHI code. Laterality (left side) is not encoded in the base code but can be appended via an extension.
1279987006 (Removal of piercing from right external ear)maps to wider conceptCAA.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified)A piercing is a foreign body in the external ear, and CAA.JD.AA is the appropriate ICHI code. Laterality (right side) is not encoded in the base code but can be captured via an extension.
56134004 (Removal of posterior nonsegmental instrumentation of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish posterior vs anterior approach or segmental vs nonsegmental spinal instrumentation. MBZ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the spine and is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.
86398001 (Removal of posterior segmental instrumentation of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode the segmental vs nonsegmental posterior instrumentation distinction. MBZ.JD.AA is the best available code covering removal of spinal internal devices without specifying approach or instrumentation type.
235208001 (Removal of prosthesis from esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision)KBA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the oesophagus via open incision, which encompasses prosthesis removal but is broader. The approach is unspecified in the SNOMED concept.
5460001 (Removal of prosthesis from fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube)NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses prosthesis removal; it is wider because it also includes foreign bodies.
232573004 (Removal of prosthesis from larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from larynx)JAN.JD.AD is the closest available ICHI code for laryngeal device removal — laryngeal prostheses (e.g., voice prostheses) are typically removed endoscopically. It is wider as it covers non-prosthesis devices and foreign bodies.
708989009 (Removal of prosthesis of acromioclavicular joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint)ICHI does not have a dedicated acromioclavicular joint section; MDJ covers the entire shoulder joint region, making it wider both because it encompasses all shoulder joint structures and because it covers all internal devices and foreign bodies.
7989006 (Removal of prosthesis of joint of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint)MLJ.JD.AA directly corresponds to removal of an internal device from the hip joint, semantically equivalent to prosthesis removal; coded as wider because the ICHI code also covers foreign bodies and any internal device.
32026000 (Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of ankle)maps to wider conceptMNJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint)MNJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ankle joint, which encompasses prosthesis removal but is broader in scope.
47818003 (Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of elbow)maps to wider conceptMEJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint)MEJ.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the elbow joint, which includes prosthesis removal but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to prosthetic joint structures.
13211006 (Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from finger or hand joint)MGJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the finger or hand joint, which encompasses prosthesis removal; broader because the ICHI target also spans finger joints.
176237001 (Removal of prosthetic collar from female urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)NAK.JD.AA is the best available match for removal of a prosthetic collar from the bladder neck, but ICHI does not encode sex-specific anatomy and also covers other device types beyond a prosthetic collar.
176278004 (Removal of prosthetic collar from male urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck)NAK.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the bladder neck, but does not differentiate male from female anatomy and is broader in the device category it includes.
177885003 (Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of femoral hernia)maps to wider conceptPAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen)PAK.JD.AA covers removal of a device from the abdomen generally and does not encode the specific hernia site or the prior-repair context; no ICHI code exists for hernia mesh explant from the femoral site specifically.
177903006 (Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of incisional hernia)maps to wider conceptPAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen)No ICHI code exists for incisional hernia prosthetic material removal specifically; PAK.JD.AA is the best available match capturing abdominal device removal in general.
177872001 (Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of inguinal hernia)maps to wider conceptPAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen)The inguinal hernia ICHI block contains only repair codes and no device-removal codes; PAK.JD.AA is the best available match but lacks the inguinal site specificity.
177890000 (Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of umbilical hernia)maps to wider conceptPAK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen)The umbilical hernia ICHI block contains only repair codes and no device-removal codes; PAK.JD.AA covers abdominal device removal generally but is broader than this SNOMED concept.
309851000 (Removal of prosthetic shoulder joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint)MDJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the shoulder joint, encompassing removal of a prosthetic shoulder joint; the ICHI code is broader as it also covers non-prosthetic devices.
312705004 (Removal of retained lens matter)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)ICHI has no code specific to removal of retained lens material (a secondary procedure typically following cataract surgery); BBF.JK.AA is the closest match, broader as it normally refers to primary lens extraction.
33112000 (Removal of rice bodies from tendon sheaths of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger)Rice bodies are fibrinous loose bodies in tendon sheaths; their removal constitutes a local excision of lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any lesion excision at that site.
233015003 (Removal of right atrial thrombus)maps to wider conceptHAZ.JE.AA (Thrombectomy from atrium)ICHI captures the procedure precisely but the code sits under "atrium, unspecified" rather than specifying right atrium, making it broader. Laterality could be indicated via an ICHI extension code.
236928003 (Removal of ring from fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube)NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, encompassing a contraceptive ring, but is broader because it does not specify device type.
416450002 (Removal of sacral nerve stimulator)maps to wider conceptACA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve)Sacral nerve roots are part of the peripheral nervous system; ACA.JD.AE covers percutaneous device removal from peripheral nerve broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the sacral nerve and stimulator device type.
371394007 (Removal of scleral buckle)maps to wider conceptBCB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from sclera)A scleral buckle is precisely an internal device placed on the sclera. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the sclera.
303237000 (Removal of sebaceous cyst)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no code specific to sebaceous cyst excision; LAB.JI.AA represents local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue but is broader in both anatomical site (trunk assumed) and tissue type.
699123000 (Removal of single-chamber cardiac pacemaker with replacement by dual-chamber cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA captures the replacement action on the cardiac pacing system but does not differentiate between single-chamber and dual-chamber device types.
265687005 (Removal of skin closure material from skin)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision)Skin closure materials (sutures, staples, clips) are foreign bodies removed without incision, matching the action and means of this code, but ICHI is anchored to trunk and covers any device or foreign body rather than closure material specifically.
302423000 (Removal of skin expander from subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)A skin expander is an implanted device in subcutaneous tissue; LAB.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk via open approach, broader because it does not specify the expander device type.
184043001 (Removal of skin sutures/clips)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk, without incision)Sutures and clips are wound closure devices removed without incision, fitting the JD.AH action+means pattern; ICHI is wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body and is site-specific (trunk) while SNOMED is site-unspecified.
302432003 (Removal of slough from skin)maps to wider conceptLAB.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk, without incision)Slough (necrotic tissue) removal is debridement (JG action) with the without-incision means (AH); ICHI is wider as debridement covers any devitalised tissue and the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified.
312707007 (Removal of soft lens matter)maps to wider conceptBBF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens)Residual soft lens matter (cortical lens fragments) is treated as an intraocular foreign body within the lens; ICHI is wider as it covers any device/foreign body rather than retained soft lens material specifically.
70752002 (Removal of spinal electronic stimulator with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)The KA action axis encodes combined removal-and-replacement; ICHI is wider because it covers any spinal canal device rather than an electronic stimulator specifically.
230990005 (Removal of spinal extradural tumor)maps to wider conceptABG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal canal)The spinal extradural space is within the spinal canal; ABG.JI.AA covers local excision of any spinal canal lesion, broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to extradural tumors.
179229008 (Removal of spinal fixation system)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified)A spinal fixation system (rods, screws, plates) is an internal device in the vertebral column; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the fixation device type.
230995000 (Removal of spinal intradural extramedullary tumor)maps to wider conceptABC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal meninges)Intradural extramedullary tumors arise within the spinal meninges compartment; ABC.JI.AA is wider as it covers any meningeal lesion and does not restrict to intradural extramedullary tumors specifically.
10506009 (Removal of spinal neurostimulator receiver)maps to wider conceptABG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal)A spinal neurostimulator receiver is an internal device in/associated with the spinal canal; ICHI is wider as it covers any spinal canal device and does not distinguish neurostimulator components.
35963001 (Removal of staples)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated staple-removal code; LZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any device/foreign body from skin without incision, broader because it encompasses all such removals beyond surgical staples.
103718005 (Removal of stent)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no generic "removal of stent" code; IZE.JD.AF is the closest residual category covering percutaneous removal of an intravascular device from an unspecified vessel, broader as it covers any intravascular device.
233486001 (Removal of stent from arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no AV fistula device removal code; IZE.JD.AF is the best available match, wider as it does not specify the AV fistula target or stent device type.
233438008 (Removal of stent from vein)maps to wider conceptIZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)IZD.JD.AF precisely matches the venous target and percutaneous removal action; wider only in covering any intravascular device rather than stents specifically.
432631000 (Removal of stent using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZE.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a means modifier; IZE.JD.AF captures percutaneous removal of an intravascular device from an unspecified vessel but does not specify fluoroscopy or stent device type.
301807007 (Removal of subcutaneous contraceptive)maps to wider conceptLAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)Subcutaneous contraceptive implants (e.g., Nexplanon) are placed in the upper arm; LAE.JD.AA covers open removal of an internal device from upper-limb subcutaneous tissue, broader as it does not specify the device as contraceptive.
446233005 (Removal of subcutaneous reservoir using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the trunk)Subcutaneous reservoirs are commonly placed on the trunk; LAB.JD.AE captures percutaneous removal but does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader.
52763005 (Removal of subdeltoid calcareous deposits, open method)maps to wider conceptMDJ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of shoulder joint)The subdeltoid bursa is in the periarticular shoulder region and calcareous deposits constitute a lesion; ICHI has no bursa-specific or calcification-specific code, so the shoulder-joint lesion excision code is broader.
230830007 (Removal of subdural-pleural shunt)maps to wider conceptAAA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain)The shunt's proximal end is in the intracranial subdural space; ICHI has no dedicated subdural code, so the nearest brain-level device removal code is wider — it does not capture the subdural origin or pleural destination.
90722001 (Removal of supernumerary finger)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)Removal of a supernumerary finger is polydactyly correction; ICHI codes this under amputation of bone of hand or finger, broader as it does not convey the accessory/supernumerary nature and frames the target as bone rather than the complete digit.
51335009 (Removal of supernumerary toe)maps to wider conceptMOB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of foot or toe)Foot/toe equivalent of polydactyly correction; ICHI does not convey the accessory/supernumerary character and targets the bony component rather than the complete toe.
232763003 (Removal of thrombus from mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for mitral valve thrombectomy; HZZ.JE.AA captures removal of adherent intracardiac material but is broader, not specific to thrombus, the mitral valve, or a particular approach.
232803009 (Removal of thrombus from tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHZZ.JE.AA (Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no tricuspid-specific thrombectomy code; HZZ.JE.AA is the best available match for removal of adherent intracardiac material but is broader and not specific to thrombus or the tricuspid valve.
27443008 (Removal of transvenous electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI does not have a standalone code for removal of transvenous leads alone; the HFC block only offers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, broader than the SNOMED concept.
1236821000 (Removal of tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma from inferior vena cava by open approach)maps to wider conceptHIC.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava)HIC.JE.AA matches the IVC target, the action (extraction of obstruction encompasses tumor thrombus), and open approach; wider because it does not encode the RCC etiology or histological specificity.
65848005 (Removal of ureteral catheter)maps to wider conceptNAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter)ICHI covers removal of any internal device from the ureter via open approach; SNOMED specifies a catheter as the device type, while ICHI does not distinguish device subtypes.
55449009 (Removal of urethral catheter)maps to wider conceptNAM.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra without incision)NAM.JD.AC captures the standard non-incisional removal of an indwelling urethral catheter (e.g., Foley); ICHI does not name the catheter type specifically.
446256001 (Removal of vagal nerve stimulator)maps to wider conceptAAN.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve)The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.JD.AA is the anatomically correct ICHI category; ICHI does not distinguish between specific cranial nerves or device types.
59230000 (Removal of valve of vas deferens)maps to wider conceptNGD.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from spermatic cord)The vas deferens valve (e.g., contraceptive valve device) is an internal device in the spermatic cord region; NGD.JD.AA is the closest available match and is broader.
47568003 (Removal of ventricular catheter with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)AAE.KA.AA captures the combined removal-and-replacement at the brain ventricular system; wider because it applies to any ventricular device, not specifically a catheter.
4068005 (Removal of ventricular reservoir with synchronous replacement)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)A ventricular reservoir (such as Ommaya) is an internal device in the ventricular system; AAE.KA.AA covers all ventricular device replacements and is broader than the reservoir-specific SNOMED concept.
770916003 (Removal of verruca plantaris by occlusion using adhesive tape)maps to wider conceptLAG.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)Duct tape occlusion therapy for plantar warts is non-incisional destruction of a skin lesion of the lower limb; ICHI is substantially broader as it does not specify the wart target or adhesive tape occlusion as the means.
445155002 (Removal of wax from external auditory canal using microsuction)maps to wider conceptCAE.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from external auditory canal)ICHI classifies cerumen removal under foreign body removal for the external auditory canal; the code does not distinguish cerumen from other foreign bodies and does not specify the microsuction technique.
408981001 (Renal care assessment)maps to wider conceptNT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary system functions broadly, encompassing renal care assessment but broader in scope and using a functional rather than organ-based framing.
241251007 (Renal transplant venous sampling)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)"Renal transplant venous sampling" is a specific procedure involving selective catheterisation of the renal vein of a transplanted kidney to collect blood; DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general and is therefore substantially broader, with no ICHI code capturing the renal-vein selectivity or transplant context.
238287005 (Renewal of peritoneal drain)maps to wider conceptKMA.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.KA.AA captures replacement of an internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which is the closest structural equivalent to renewing a peritoneal drain; it is broader because it covers any internal device in the cavity and does not specify a drainage tube in particular.
103742009 (Renewal of prescription)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy, the closest ICHI approximation to renewing a prescription; it is broader because it encompasses any new pharmacotherapy prescription and does not distinguish renewal/repeat prescribing from an initial prescription.
303603001 (Renewal of urethral prosthesis for incontinence)maps to wider conceptNAM.KA.AD (Transurethral endoscopic replacement of internal device of urethra)NAM.KA.AD captures replacement of an internal device at the urethra via transurethral endoscopic approach, closely matching the structural meaning; it is wider because it covers any urethral device replacement and does not specify the prosthesis is for incontinence management.
715761006 (Reopening of chest and re-exploration of intrathoracic operation site)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AA (Exploratory thoracotomy)Exploratory thoracotomy covers opening the thoracic cavity for exploration, aligning with the core intent of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the "re-" (reopening of a prior surgical site) dimension, making the ICHI code broader.
448940006 (Reopening of cranium and reexploration of intracranial operation site)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)Craniotomy is the procedure of opening the skull; ICHI has no dedicated code for reopening a prior craniotomy site or re-exploring an intracranial operation site, so the ICHI code is broader and does not encode the reoperation context.
386697002 (Repair AND revision of stoma of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)Repair of oesophagus is the closest available ICHI code; it does not specifically encode stoma repair or revision, so it is broader as it covers any oesophageal repair rather than the specific stoma-directed procedure.
387707007 (Repair AND revision of stoma of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)ICHI has no dedicated code for stoma-specific repair or revision of the urinary bladder; NAI.MK.AA covers open surgical repair of the bladder as a whole, broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the bladder stoma.
39512002 (Repair for facial weakness)maps to wider conceptAAN.MK.AA (Repair of cranial nerve)Facial weakness repair typically involves surgical repair of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), within AAN.MK.AA; this code covers repair of any cranial nerve and does not restrict to the facial nerve or to facial weakness as the indication, making it broader.
120223001 (Repair in forearm)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MFB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of forearm)"Repair in forearm" is a non-specific SNOMED grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category code; the block BlockL4-MFB encompasses all musculoskeletal forearm interventions and is the most appropriate level of abstraction, though broader than a repair-specific code.
73283001 (Repair of anal sphincter aneurysm)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm of the anal sphincter; the closest code covers repair of the anus and anal canal generally, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies repair of an aneurysm of the sphincter specifically.
360390006 (Repair of aneurysm by wiring)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code encoding the wiring technique specifically and no generic vascular aneurysm repair code outside ventricular-specific codes; IZA.MK.AA captures the repair action on an unspecified artery but is broader, omitting the aneurysm pathology and wiring means.
439094009 (Repair of aneurysm by wiring using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for the wiring technique or fluoroscopic guidance as a means for arterial aneurysm repair; the same fallback as the parent concept applies, additionally losing the imaging guidance dimension.
233370007 (Repair of aneurysm of aorta)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes aortic interventions only at discrete segment level (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, aortic arch, aortic root) with reconstruction codes; no single ICHI category spans the entire aorta, so the artery-NEC repair code is the only non-site-specific option.
1871002 (Repair of aneurysm of coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.MK.AA (Repair of coronary artery)HIA.MK.AA precisely targets the coronary artery with the repair action via open approach, matching the anatomical site and operative intent; it is slightly wider because it covers all forms of coronary artery repair, not exclusively aneurysm repair.
405516005 (Repair of aneurysm of lower limb artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair code; reconstruction of the lower limb artery is the closest available category as aneurysm repair with graft is a form of arterial reconstruction. The ICHI code covers all reconstructive procedures on lower limb arteries.
74415009 (Repair of aneurysm with graft of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies an unspecified artery site; IZA.ML.AA is the best fit as a site-non-specific arterial reconstruction code covering graft-based repair, broader because it encompasses all reconstructions of arteries NEC, not only those for aneurysm.
67815006 (Repair of aneurysm with graft of radial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)The radial artery is an upper limb artery, and ICA.ML.AA is the most specific available ICHI code for reconstructive procedures in that vascular territory; wider because it covers all upper limb arteries and all reconstructive indications beyond aneurysm graft repair.
65838008 (Repair of aneurysm with graft of ulnar artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)The ulnar artery, like the radial artery, is an upper limb artery, making ICA.ML.AA the most specific applicable ICHI code; the code spans all upper limb arteries and all reconstructive indications, not just ulnar aneurysm repair with graft.
387647006 (Repair of ankle)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-MNJ (Interventions on ankle joint)"Repair of ankle" in SNOMED is non-specific and no assignable ICHI category code for generic ankle repair exists; the closest is the block BlockL5-MNJ, which contains a range of procedures including reduction, arthrodesis, and reconstruction.
426791002 (Repair of anomalous caval vein connection)maps to wider conceptIDB.LI.AA (Thoracic anomalous systemic venous connection repair)The caval veins (superior and inferior vena cava) are the principal thoracic systemic veins, so IDB.LI.AA captures anomalous systemic venous connection repair in the thorax; slightly broader as it covers any thoracic systemic venous anomaly, not exclusively caval vein anomalies.
75015007 (Repair of anorectal fistula)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI has no dedicated anorectal or anal fistula closure code; KBX.MK.AA is the closest available code in the anus and anal canal block, wider because it covers all types of anus repair, not specifically fistula repair.
173393005 (Repair of anterior cleft palate with vomerine flap)maps to wider conceptKAT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of hard palate)A vomerine flap repair of an anterior cleft palate is a reconstructive technique targeting the hard palate, which aligns with KAT.ML.AA; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all hard palate reconstructions regardless of technique or specific cleft anatomy.
173407004 (Repair of anterior palatal fistula with gingival flap)maps to wider conceptKAT.MK.AA (Repair of hard palate)Palatal fistula closure with a gingival flap is a repair of the hard palate; KAT.MK.AA is the best available match, wider because it encompasses all forms of hard palate repair, not specifically fistula closure or flap-based techniques.
175339005 (Repair of aorta with subclavian flap)maps to wider conceptHIK.JJ.AA (Repair of coarctation of aortic arch)The subclavian flap technique is the classic surgical approach for repairing aortic coarctation, so HIK.JJ.AA captures the correct clinical target and intent; ICHI does not encode the subclavian flap technique within the means axis, making the code broader.
119794006 (Repair of artery of neck)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no category code for "repair of artery of neck" — the IBA block contains reconstruction and other codes but no MK.AA repair entry; IZA.MK.AA is the closest available code covering artery repair without anatomical specificity.
37884009 (Repair of artery of thorax and abdomen)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)IDA.MK.AA covers repair of artery of thorax only, missing the abdominal component; IEA has no MK.AA repair code. IZA.MK.AA, the NEC artery repair code, best accommodates the dual-territory scope of this SNOMED concept, though anatomically unspecified.
67727001 (Repair of artery with suture)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode suture as a specific means for arterial repair; no code captures "repair of artery" with suture (angiorrhaphy) as a distinct technique. IZA.MK.AA is the best available code for artery repair NEC, but wider because it does not specify suture or body site.
85286001 (Repair of artery with vein graft of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)ICA.ML.AA correctly specifies the upper limb artery target and a reconstructive action (ML = reconstruction/graft), which aligns with vein graft repair; however, ICHI does not distinguish a vein-graft technique from other reconstructive means, and "reconstruction" is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's specific vein-graft repair.
22647005 (Repair of blepharoptosis by orbicularis oculi muscle sling)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)BAA.MK.AA is the most specific assignable ICHI code for an eyelid repair procedure; it correctly targets the eyelid (BAA) with a repair action (MK), but ICHI has no code distinguishing ptosis correction or the orbicularis oculi muscle sling technique, making it substantially broader.
1345073008 (Repair of blood vessel with synthetic patch graft)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.MK.AA captures repair of an unspecified blood vessel but carries no information about the synthetic patch graft material or technique; the SNOMED concept is more specific in its means, so the ICHI code is broader.
1345074002 (Repair of blood vessel with tissue patch graft)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.MK.AA maps to blood vessel repair in general; ICHI provides no means axis value to distinguish a tissue patch graft from other repair techniques, making the ICHI code broader.
1144788004 (Repair of bone of face)maps to wider conceptMAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)MAB.ML.AA covers reconstruction (ML) of facial bone broadly; "reconstruction" carries a broader connotation than simple repair (no MK is available for this target), and the NEC qualifier indicates a residual code covering unspecified facial bone.
450702008 (Repair of brachial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)No specific brachial artery repair code in ICHI; ICA.ML.AA covers the brachial artery's anatomical region but is broader — uses "reconstruction" rather than "repair" and encompasses all upper limb arteries rather than the brachial artery specifically.
19106006 (Repair of bronchocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptJBB.MK.AA (Repair of bronchus)ICHI has no specific code for bronchocutaneous fistula repair; JBB.MK.AA covers the bronchial component of the fistula but does not encode the cutaneous closure or fistula-specific nature, making it broader and less specific.
178124003 (Repair of bursa)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI contains no specific bursa repair code — bursa is only represented as an extension/anatomy qualifier, not as a distinct intervention target with a repair action; MRS.MK.AA is considerably broader, encompassing any soft tissue at any site.
783791005 (Repair of canthus with full thickness graft of skin)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)The canthus is an anatomical structure of the eyelid region; ICHI codes interventions on this area under the eyelid target (BAA), and BAA.MK.AA is the closest available repair code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specificity of the canthus location or the full-thickness skin graft technique.
441497009 (Repair of capsule and anterior and posterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)MDJ.MK.AA covers repair of the shoulder joint broadly, which encompasses glenohumeral capsule and labrum stabilization; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the capsule-and-labrum target, the anterior/posterior extent, or the stabilization intent.
830081000168105 (Repair of cartilage of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.MK.AA (Repair of larynx)JAN.MK.AA covers repair of the larynx as a whole, which is the best available ICHI match for repair of laryngeal cartilage specifically; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the cartilaginous substructure (e.g., thyroid, cricoid, or arytenoid cartilage) as the target.
234647001 (Repair of cleft lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)KAA.MK.AA is a close terminological match, but the ICHI code covers any lip repair (traumatic, neoplastic, or congenital), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the repair of a congenital cleft lip defect.
173394004 (Repair of cleft soft palate with intra-velar veloplasty)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA matches the anatomical target precisely, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the specific intra-velar veloplasty technique (intravelar muscle repositioning), which is the defining feature.
265334003 (Repair of cleft soft palate with Z-plasty)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA covers repair of the soft palate in general, which includes the SNOMED concept, but does not capture the specific Z-plasty technique used. ICHI has no means code for Z-plasty.
1287440007 (Repair of collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, which encompasses the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint, but is broader as it does not specify the collateral ligament or the MCP joint level.
47634003 (Repair of congenital arteriovenous fistula of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)No specific ICHI code exists for AV fistula of the extremity; IZE.MK.AA is the best available match covering repair of a blood vessel NEC, but it loses specificity for both the AV fistula nature and the extremity location.
1292979002 (Repair of congenital hernia of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)MCX.MK.AA covers repair of the diaphragm generally and subsumes the SNOMED concept, but does not specify that the defect is a congenital hernia.
230833009 (Repair of cranial cerebrospinal fluid fistula)maps to wider conceptAAC.MK.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges)No ICHI code specifically represents closure or repair of a cranial CSF fistula; AAC.MK.AA is the closest code as the meninges are the anatomical structure involved in a dural/meningeal CSF fistula. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any meningeal repair.
68973008 (Repair of cranial meningocele)maps to wider conceptAAC.MK.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges)ICHI has no dedicated code for cranial meningocele repair, but AAC.MK.AA targets the same anatomical structure and surgical intent — the meninges are the tissue repaired/closed in meningocele surgery.
1287439005 (Repair of cruciate ligament and capsule of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)MML.MK.AA covers repair of knee ligaments broadly, which encompasses the cruciate ligament component, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies repair of the joint capsule (a distinct structure not explicitly included), making it an imprecise wider match.
359946000 (Repair of current obstetric laceration of rectum and sphincter ani)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus and anal sphincter, which captures the primary target (sphincter ani), but ICHI does not encode the obstetric context, the rectal component, or the specific laceration aetiology.
173399009 (Repair of defect of palate with flap of palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for palate repair using a local palatal flap, but it does not capture the specific technique (local flap) nor distinguish between soft and hard palate.
173404006 (Repair of defect of palate with mucosal graft)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code for palate repair, but ICHI does not encode the specific means of repair (mucosal graft) nor the hard versus soft palate distinction.
173402005 (Repair of defect of palate with skin graft)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)KAS.MK.AA represents the closest ICHI match for palate repair, but the specific technique (skin graft) and palate sub-type are not encoded in ICHI.
173401003 (Repair of defect of palate with tongue flap)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)The SNOMED concept specifies a palate repair performed using a tongue flap, while KAS.MK.AA captures repair of soft palate without specifying the means/technique used.
112977000 (Repair of diaphragmatic hernia)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)ICHI has no dedicated code for diaphragmatic hernia repair; MCX.MK.AA is the closest available code and encompasses this procedure, but it is broader because it covers all causes of diaphragm repair, not only hernia.
34891001 (Repair of diastematomyelia)maps to wider conceptABA.MK.AA (Repair of spinal cord)Diastematomyelia is a congenital longitudinal splitting of the spinal cord, and its surgical repair targets the spinal cord; ABA.MK.AA is the best available ICHI match but is broader as it covers any spinal cord repair rather than the specific procedure of excising the bony/fibrous septum.
255256004 (Repair of elbow)maps to wider conceptMEJ.MK.AA (Repair of elbow joint)The SNOMED concept "Repair of elbow" is anatomically general and could include soft-tissue structures beyond the joint, whereas ICHI MEJ.MK.AA is scoped specifically to the elbow joint; on balance, the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the specific structure being repaired within the elbow region.
763093007 (Repair of epispadias urethroplasty using glanular flap)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)ICHI has no code for epispadias or for the glanular flap technique specifically; NAM.ML.AA is the closest match because urethroplasty for epispadias is a urethral reconstruction procedure, but the ICHI code is broader.
31078004 (Repair of esophagocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptKBA.MK.AA (Repair of oesophagus)ICHI has no specific code for an oesophagocutaneous fistula repair; KBA.MK.AA covers repair of the oesophagus broadly, which subsumes fistula closure but does not encode the fistula type or its cutaneous component.
234833003 (Repair of existing restoration of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI's KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration generally and does not distinguish between an initial restoration and repair/amendment of an existing one; the SNOMED concept is more specific.
59959006 (Repair of eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.MK.AA (Repair of eye, not elsewhere classified)BZZ.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for a generic "repair of eye" concept, but the NEC qualifier means it is a residual/catch-all category within the visual system rather than an exact named procedure. The SNOMED concept is itself a broad, unspecified category, so the NEC framing makes this code wider in practical application.
5721002 (Repair of eyebrow)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow repair code — the eyebrow is covered under the integumentary system as skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, making LAA.MK.AA the best available match. The ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing the entire head and neck skin region rather than the eyebrow specifically.
34303000 (Repair of fascia of hand by graft of tendon)maps to wider conceptMGL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)ICHI targets ligament or fascia of hand or finger (correct body site), and reconstruction (ML action) best captures a graft-based repair. The code is wider because it does not distinguish fascia from ligament, does not specify the graft material (tendon), and covers fingers as well as hand.
3575008 (Repair of fascia with graft of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI code exists for unspecified-site fascia repair/reconstruction; fascia falls within soft tissue and the graft-based nature of the procedure aligns with reconstruction (ML action). The code is wider because it does not specify the target tissue as fascia, the graft material as fascia, or any body site.
87863003 (Repair of fascia with graft of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI code distinguishes fascia repair by muscle graft at an unspecified site; reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site is the closest available code, but it does not capture the fascia target or muscle graft material.
175710008 (Repair of femoral artery with temporary silastic shunt)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The femoral artery is a lower limb artery, so the target axis aligns; reconstruction (ML) covers graft/repair procedures on the vessel. The code is wider because it covers all lower limb arteries (not femoral-specific) and does not capture the distinctive feature of the procedure — temporary silastic shunting used to maintain perfusion during repair.
1290555004 (Repair of filtering bleb by collagen cross linking)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)A filtering bleb is a conjunctival structure created by trabeculectomy, and collagen cross linking is the specific means used to repair it; ICHI captures the target (conjunctiva) and action (repair) but does not encode the bleb as a distinct entity nor the collagen cross linking technique, making the ICHI code broader.
10529001 (Repair of filtering bleb by suture with conjunctival flap)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)The filtering bleb is a conjunctival structure and repair is the action, but ICHI does not distinguish bleb repair from other conjunctival repairs, nor does it encode the suture-with-flap technique specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
10272008 (Repair of fistula of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)ICHI captures the correct target (diaphragm) and action (repair/MK) but does not specify the fistula as the pathological indication, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which is restricted to fistula repair.
432768005 (Repair of fracture of hip by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)Hip fracture nailing is fundamentally a device implantation into the femur (intramedullary nail), which ICHI encodes at MLB.DN.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify the fracture indication, the nailing technique, or the fluoroscopic guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
432076004 (Repair of fracture of lower limb bone by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)ICHI "implantation of device into bone" captures the core act of nailing (inserting an intramedullary nail), but the code is for an unspecified site rather than specifically the lower limb, and it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component or the fracture-reduction context.
432077008 (Repair of fracture of upper limb bone by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptMRB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site)"Implantation of device into bone" represents the nailing act, but the ICHI code is site-unspecified, does not distinguish upper from lower limb, and omits the fluoroscopic guidance and fracture indication, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
44270003 (Repair of fracture with osteotomy and correction of alignment)maps to wider conceptMRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)ICHI's osteotomy of bone of unspecified site captures the defining surgical act (osteotomy for alignment correction in fracture repair), but the code is site-unspecified and does not explicitly encode the fracture context or the combined nature of the procedure (reduction plus corrective osteotomy).
29477005 (Repair of fracture with sequestrectomy)maps to wider conceptMRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)Sequestrectomy (removal of dead/necrotic bone fragments) maps most closely to bone debridement in ICHI, as debridement of bone encompasses removal of devitalized sequestra; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all debridement types at an unspecified site and omits the fracture repair context.
50093003 (Repair of ganglion)maps to wider conceptMRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)Surgical repair of a ganglion typically involves local excision of the cystic lesion from soft tissue, which aligns well with ICHI's "local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site"; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any soft tissue lesion at any site and does not capture the ganglion-specific nature.
239236002 (Repair of gastrocnemius muscle)maps to wider conceptMNM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of lower leg)The gastrocnemius is a muscle of the lower leg, so MNM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code; however it covers reconstruction of any lower leg muscle rather than the gastrocnemius specifically, and "reconstruction" is broader than "repair."
73713008 (Repair of gastroschisis)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)Gastroschisis is a congenital full-thickness abdominal wall defect requiring surgical closure, which falls under repair of the abdominal wall; ICHI has no dedicated gastroschisis code, so PAL.MK.AA is wider as it encompasses all abdominal wall repairs regardless of aetiology.
238192002 (Repair of hernia of anterior abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall generally, which includes the anterior abdominal wall, but does not specify that the procedure is for a hernia (as opposed to other abdominal wall defects).
763094001 (Repair of hypospadias urethroplasty using glanular flap)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra (ML = reconstruction/graft), which captures the urethroplasty component of hypospadias repair, but ICHI has no code specific to hypospadias or to the glanular flap technique.
276185009 (Repair of ileostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "repair of ileostomy" code; repair of ileostomy is a specific procedure on the ileostomy stoma, whereas KBK.MK.AA covers repair of the small intestine broadly, making the ICHI code wider than the targeted SNOMED concept.
238187004 (Repair of incisional hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has hernia repair codes only for inguinal (PAM), femoral (PAN), and umbilical (PAO) sites; incisional hernias occur in the abdominal wall at a prior surgical incision, so PAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall) is the best available fit but is broader than the incisional-hernia-specific SNOMED concept.
1156322007 (Repair of inguinal hernia using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptPAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)PAM.MK.AA covers inguinal hernia repair without specifying approach; the robotic assistance means can be captured by appending the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), making the base code alone wider than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies the robotic technique.
76934002 (Repair of knee collateral ligaments)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)ICHI does not distinguish collateral from cruciate ligaments at the procedure-code level; MML.MK.AA covers repair of any/all knee ligaments, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited specifically to collateral ligaments.
35926005 (Repair of knee cruciate ligaments)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)ICHI does not have a specific code for cruciate ligament repair; MML.MK.AA encompasses repair of all knee ligaments and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to cruciate ligaments.
301858009 (Repair of labial tear)maps to wider conceptNMI.MK.AA (Repair of vulva)"Labial tear" in the obstetric/gynaecological context refers to a laceration of the labia (part of the vulva); NMI.MK.AA covers repair of the vulva broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the sub-site (labia) and the type of injury (tear/laceration).
36061000087105 (Repair of left middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBA.MK.AC (Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)CBA.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI repair code for the middle ear and matches the procedure type well, but it does not encode laterality (left side). Laterality would need to be expressed via an ICHI extension code (&XK9K for left), making the base code broader than the lateralised SNOMED concept.
735017002 (Repair of left ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)NAE.MK.AA directly represents repair of the ureter with an exact action match, but it does not encode laterality (left side). As with middle ear, ICHI laterality would require an extension code, so the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the left ureter.
1303603009 (Repair of ligament of thumb)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)ICHI groups the thumb under "hand or finger" and combines ligament with fascia, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically identifies the thumb ligament. No more specific thumb-ligament-only code exists in ICHI.
431451000124107 (Repair of lipomeningocele)maps to wider conceptABC.MK.AA (Repair of spinal meninges)A lipomeningocele is a complex spinal dysraphism involving meninges and a lipoma; ICHI has no dedicated lipomeningocele code, so repair of spinal meninges is the closest structural match, though it is broader as it does not capture the lipomatous component or tethered cord involvement.
68984001 (Repair of lumbar hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has specific codes for inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernia repair but no dedicated lumbar hernia code; PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, not otherwise specified) is the most appropriate broader category available.
302364006 (Repair of male urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)NAM.MK.AA covers repair of the urethra in general without specifying sex, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the male urethra. ICHI does not carry a sex-specific qualifier for this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
62360009 (Repair of male urethrocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)ICHI has no dedicated code for closure of a urethrocutaneous fistula; the closest available code is NAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra), which covers urethral repair broadly but does not specify fistula type, fistula closure as the mechanism, or male sex — making it considerably broader than this SNOMED concept.
37653005 (Repair of mediastinocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptJCG.MK.AA (Repair of mediastinum)ICHI has no dedicated fistula-closure code for the mediastinum; JCG.MK.AA (Repair of mediastinum) is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any mediastinal repair without specifying fistula type or the cutaneous communication characteristic of the SNOMED concept.
41866000 (Repair of muscle by direct suture)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI covers repair of muscle at an unspecified body site, which aligns with the absence of a site in the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode "direct suture" as the means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suture method.
57872003 (Repair of muscle with graft of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at an unspecified site, which aligns with the repair action and muscle target, but does not capture the specific technique of using a fascia graft. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for muscle repair with fascial graft, making this the closest available match at an unspecified body site level.
38083004 (Repair of nasopharyngeal atresia)maps to wider conceptJAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx)Repair of nasopharyngeal atresia is a specific procedure to correct a congenital or acquired obstruction of the nasopharynx, which inherently involves reconstruction; JAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the atresia indication or the corrective nature of the intervention. No ICHI code captures atresia repair as a distinct entity.
359937006 (Repair of obstetric laceration of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric context and laceration aetiology.
36248000 (Repair of obstetric laceration of urethra)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)NAM.MK.AA covers urethral repair in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the underlying cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric and traumatic context.
61353001 (Repair of obstetric laceration of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)NAI.MK.AA covers bladder repair in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric and traumatic context.
112925006 (Repair of obstetric laceration of vulva)maps to wider conceptNMI.MK.AA (Repair of vulva)NMI.MK.AA covers repair of the vulva generally, without specifying the obstetric/laceration aetiology that is intrinsic to the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all causes of vulval repair, not only obstetric lacerations.
112986005 (Repair of obturator hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no dedicated obturator hernia repair code; the obturator hernia is a rare pelvic/abdominal wall hernia type not individually enumerated alongside inguinal, femoral, and umbilical entries. PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, NOS) is the broadest appropriate residual code and is wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
87968008 (Repair of old obstetrical laceration of cervix)maps to wider conceptNMF.MK.AC (Other repair of cervix)NMF.MK.AC is the most appropriate cervical repair code in ICHI, but it does not capture the specificity of the obstetric aetiology or the chronicity ("old" laceration) encoded in the SNOMED concept, making it broader than the source term.
112980004 (Repair of omental hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no dedicated omental hernia repair code; the omentum search only returned torsion-reduction procedures. PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, NOS) is the closest residual code available, capturing the general anatomical region while being broader than the omentum-specific SNOMED concept.
30502000 (Repair of omphalocele)maps to wider conceptPAO.MK.AA (Repair of umbilical hernia)An omphalocele is a congenital midline defect at the umbilicus, anatomically and surgically related to the umbilical region, and PAO.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering repair at that site. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish congenital omphalocele from acquired umbilical hernia.
25392002 (Repair of omphalocele with staged closure of prosthesis)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)An omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect, and its repair with a prosthesis involves staged reconstruction of the abdominal wall — best captured by PAL.ML.AA. ICHI has no specific code for omphalocele repair or prosthetic staged closure, so this broader abdominal wall reconstruction code is the closest available match.
699325000 (Repair of oval window)maps to wider conceptCBA.MK.AC (Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)The oval window is the membrane-covered aperture between the middle and inner ear; ICHI has no specific oval window repair code, and no inner ear repair code fits as the oval window is anatomically on the middle ear boundary. CBA.MK.AC "Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified" is the closest structural match, though it is broader than the specific oval window target.
178158006 (Repair of patellar tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has a dedicated knee tendon block (BlockL5-MMT) but it contains no repair code — only tendon transfer/transplantation. The closest available code is the residual "repair of tendon of unspecified site," which is anatomically broader than the specific patellar tendon.
86770002 (Repair of pectus excavatum deformity with implant)maps to wider conceptPAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)ICHI lacks a specific code for pectus excavatum correction and has no chest-wall implantation code distinct from repair; PAF.MK.AA captures the anatomical site and overall procedural intent (chest wall repair) but is broader because it does not encode the deformity type or the use of an implant.
261556006 (Repair of perforated urinary reservoir)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)A urinary reservoir (neobladder/continent pouch) is a surgically constructed structure analogous to the bladder, but ICHI has no dedicated code for reservoir repair. NAI.MK.AA "Repair of bladder" is the closest structural equivalent and covers the same surgical action on the urinary storage organ, making it broader since it does not specify a constructed reservoir or the perforated state.
238199006 (Repair of perineal hernia)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)ICHI has no dedicated code for perineal hernia repair — the hernia type blocks cover only inguinal (PAM), femoral (PAN), and umbilical (PAO) hernias. PAW.MK.AA "Repair of perineum" is the best available match as it covers surgical repair work on the perineal region, but it is broader as it does not specify a hernia defect.
56606007 (Repair of pleurocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptJCA.MK.AA (Repair of pleura)JCA.MK.AA (Repair of pleura) is the closest available ICHI code, but it addresses pleural repair generically without specifying the fistulous tract to the skin (pleurocutaneous) that defines the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated pleurocutaneous fistula closure code, making the available code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405375003 (Repair of popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction (repair) of any artery of the lower limb, which includes the popliteal artery, but is broader because it does not specify the popliteal artery — no popliteal-specific repair code exists as an ICHI category.
83211004 (Repair of postcataract wound dehiscence with conjunctival flap)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)The SNOMED concept describes a specific technique (conjunctival flap) applied to a specific clinical context (postcataract wound dehiscence); BBA.MK.AA captures the conjunctival repair component but is broader, omitting the wound dehiscence indication and the flap technique detail.
405376002 (Repair of profunda femoris artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any artery of the lower limb, which encompasses the profunda femoris (deep femoral artery), but no profunda-femoris-specific repair code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match.
429325004 (Repair of pseudoaneurysm by injection of thrombin)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for pseudoaneurysm repair by thrombin injection specifically; IZE.MK.AA (repair of blood vessel NEC) captures the repair intent on a blood vessel but is broader, lacking both the pseudoaneurysm specificity and the thrombin-injection technique. It is the closest structural match available.
439277001 (Repair of pseudoaneurysm of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pseudoaneurysm or for arteriovenous fistula repair; IZE.MK.AA is the broadest "repair of blood vessel NEC" catch-all and captures the repair intent, but loses both the pseudoaneurysm pathology and the AV-fistula target specificity.
698852005 (Repair of pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)The femoral artery is an artery of the lower limb, and pseudoaneurysm repair typically involves reconstruction of the arterial wall; IFA.ML.AA is the best anatomically specific match available, although it is broader in that it covers any reconstruction of any lower-limb artery without specifying pseudoaneurysm pathology.
234879008 (Repair of removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A removable orthodontic appliance (e.g. retainer, plate) is an external appliance related to the teeth, and KAE.SM.AC "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest ICHI concept, covering management/maintenance of such devices; however it is broader, encompassing any management activity (not just repair) of any external tooth appliance.
27099004 (Repair of retroperitoneal hernia)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI codes hernia repair by anatomical wall location (inguinal PAM, femoral PAN, umbilical PAO), but retroperitoneal hernia has no dedicated code; PAL.MK.AA "Repair of abdominal wall" is the most reasonable NEC catch-all for an abdominal/retroperitoneal wall defect, though it is broader and does not specify the retroperitoneal location or the hernia pathology.
36091000087102 (Repair of right middle ear)maps to wider conceptCBA.MK.AC (Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)ICHI codes the procedure correctly as repair of middle ear, but the base code does not encode the right-sided laterality that the SNOMED concept specifies (laterality would require an ICHI extension code). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
735018007 (Repair of right ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)ICHI captures the repair of ureter procedure accurately, but the base code does not encode the right-sided laterality specified by the SNOMED concept; laterality in ICHI is represented through extension codes, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept.
699324001 (Repair of round window)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)The round window (fenestra cochleae) is a sub-structure of the inner ear; ICHI does not have a dedicated code at the round window level and its most specific applicable code covers repair of the inner ear broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
177835007 (Repair of rupture of the diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)ICHI codes the intervention as repair of the diaphragm, which correctly captures the procedure performed, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the aetiology (rupture) which ICHI does not encode in the intervention code, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
45533004 (Repair of ruptured aneurysm with graft of mesenteric artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no specific code for mesenteric artery aneurysm repair; the closest match is reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery (IEA.ML.AA), which covers the correct anatomical territory and surgical intent (restoring vascular continuity with a graft) but is broader, encompassing any abdominal/pelvic artery rather than the mesenteric artery specifically.
37963000 (Repair of serratus anterior muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a specific code for the serratus anterior muscle; the NEC category MRM.MK.AA (repair of muscle, unspecified site) captures the correct procedure type — surgical repair of a muscle — but is anatomically non-specific, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287697004 (Repair of skin of head)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck together as a single combined anatomical target, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287698009 (Repair of skin of neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA groups head and neck into a single undifferentiated target, while the SNOMED concept is limited to the neck only; the ICHI code is thus broader in anatomical scope.
392169009 (Repair of stoma of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea)ICHI has no stoma-specific repair code for the trachea — the closest is the general "Repair of trachea" which covers any tracheal repair regardless of site, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to repair of the tracheostomy stoma (artificial opening) specifically.
9938000 (Repair of stoma of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)ICHI has no ureterostomy-stoma-specific repair code; the general "Repair of ureter" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any ureteral repair rather than being restricted to the stomal opening as in the SNOMED concept.
65935005 (Repair of stress incontinence by suprapubic sling)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)The suprapubic sling procedure achieves continence by suspending and supporting the bladder neck, which is semantically captured by NAK.LC.AA. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers all suspension approaches (open, laparoscopic, transvaginal), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the suprapubic sling technique specifically.
736525003 (Repair of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue collectively without a specified anatomical site, which is the best available match; however, the ICHI code bundles skin together with subcutaneous tissue and is a residual NEC category, making it broader and less precise than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue alone.
237030008 (Repair of superficial vulval tear)maps to wider conceptNMI.MK.AA (Repair of vulva)NMI.MK.AA is the only ICHI code for repair within the vulva block and matches the anatomical target precisely, but it does not specify that the repair is for a superficial tear (as opposed to other types of vulval repair), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
18776008 (Repair of sympathetic nerve)maps to wider conceptAZZ.MK.AA (Repair of nerve, not elsewhere classified)The sympathetic nervous system block in ICHI (ADB–ADE) contains only excision and injection codes — there is no repair code specific to sympathetic nerves. AZZ.MK.AA is the only nerve repair code available and covers repair of any nerve not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the sympathetic nerve specifically.
895110001 (Repair of tendon of gluteus medius)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no repair code for the hip/gluteus tendon region — the pelvic tendon block (BlockL5-MKJ/MKT) contains only tenotomy and division codes. MRT.MK.AA captures the correct action (repair of tendon) but loses the anatomical specificity of the gluteus medius, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
281766007 (Repair of tendon of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has repair-of-tendon codes only at specific sub-sites within the lower limb (lower leg MNT.MK.AA, foot/toe MOT.MK.AA) but no umbrella category covering the entire lower limb; MRT.MK.AA correctly encodes the repair action but is anatomically broader, as it covers any/unspecified site rather than being constrained to the lower limb.
301435003 (Repair of tendon of trunk)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)The ICHI trunk tendon block (BlockL5-MCT) contains only one assignable code — MCT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of trunk) — and no repair code; MRT.MK.AA is the best available category encoding the repair action, though it is anatomically broader, having lost the trunk-site constraint of the SNOMED concept.
281760001 (Repair of tendon of upper limb)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI encodes tendon repair only at specific upper limb sub-sites (elbow MET.MK.AA, hand/finger MGT.MK.AA) with no single umbrella category for the entire upper limb; MRT.MK.AA correctly encodes the repair-of-tendon action but is anatomically broader, covering unspecified rather than upper-limb-restricted sites.
699112004 (Repair of tendon of wrist with graft)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated wrist tendon repair code — the MFT block (forearm/wrist tendon) contains no MK (repair) action code, and the nearest anatomically covering code is MRT.MK.AA at unspecified site, which is broader than both the wrist-specificity and the graft qualifier of the SNOMED concept.
28646009 (Repair of tendon sheath of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger)ICHI has no code specific to the tendon sheath as a distinct target within the hand — MGT.MK.AA covers repair of the tendon of hand or finger broadly, which encompasses the sheath but is not limited to it, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
1263703008 (Repair of tendon to bone using fixation)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI does not encode tendon-to-bone fixation as a distinct procedure — there is no tenodesis or bone attachment code in the tendon hierarchy, so MRT.MK.AA is the closest match but is considerably broader, capturing no site specificity and no fixation technique detail from the SNOMED concept.
26541002 (Repair of tendon with graft of fascia)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI does not distinguish the graft material (fascia vs. tendon vs. synthetic) within tendon repair codes; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction) best captures the graft-augmented nature of the procedure, but it is broader as it covers any graft type at any site.
73726007 (Repair of tendon with graft of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)As with fascia grafts, ICHI does not differentiate muscle graft material in tendon repair; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction of tendon, unspecified site) is the closest match, being broader because it does not specify the muscle graft source or anatomical site.
26920000 (Repair of tendon with graft of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI's ML action ("reconstruction/graft") aligns well with the graft-based nature of this procedure; however, the ICHI code does not specify a body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implicitly involves a specific tendon. MRT.MK.AA (plain repair) was not chosen because the SNOMED concept specifically involves tendon grafting, which is better captured by the reconstruction action axis.
57025004 (Repair of thoracic duct)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFP (Interventions on thoracic duct)No specific "repair of thoracic duct" category code exists in ICHI; the closest specific codes are fistula closure (DFP.MK.AA) and occlusion, neither of which matches generic repair. The parent block covering all interventions on the thoracic duct is the best available representation, though it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287437007 (Repair of torn collateral ligament and capsule of knee joint)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)The ICHI code covers repair of ligaments of the knee generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the collateral ligament and the joint capsule as co-repaired structures. ICHI does not have a code that captures the capsule component, and the ligament code does not distinguish collateral from cruciate ligaments, making the ICHI code broader.
232611001 (Repair of traumatic rupture of the trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea)ICHI's trachea repair code covers repair of the trachea by any cause and approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies the traumatic aetiology (rupture). ICHI has no mechanism to encode the traumatic cause within this code, so the ICHI code is broader.
49566008 (Repair of ureterocele)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)No dedicated ureterocele repair code exists in ICHI; the closest is repair of ureter generally. A ureterocele is a cystic dilation of the distal ureter, so ureterocele repair is a specific subset of ureter repair — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
83733001 (Repair of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)ICHI has no dedicated uvula repair code; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate and falls within BlockL5-KAS (Interventions on soft palate), so KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate) is the best available code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the uvula specifically.
237032000 (Repair of vaginal vault tear)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AA (Repair of vagina)NMH.MK.AA (Repair of vagina) is the best match as the vaginal vault is the apical portion of the vagina, and this code covers vaginal repair broadly; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses repair of any part of the vagina rather than specifically the vault (apex), and does not specify the mechanism of injury (tear/laceration).
52969004 (Repair of vesicocutaneous fistula)maps to wider conceptNAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder)ICHI has no specific code for vesicocutaneous fistula repair; the fistula codes found in ICHI cover other anatomical sites (duodenum, cervix, thoracic duct, etc.) but not bladder-to-skin fistulae. NAI.MK.AA "Repair of bladder" is broader — it encompasses any bladder repair — while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to closure of a fistulous tract between the bladder and the skin.
239385005 (Repair orbital floor)maps to wider conceptBAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)ICHI has no specific code for orbital floor repair (a procedure typically performed for blowout fractures); BAM.MK.AA "Repair of orbit" is the best available match, but it covers repair of the orbit in general rather than being specific to the orbital floor, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1440003 (Repair with resection-recession)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)"Repair with resection-recession" is a strabismus correction procedure combining shortening (resection) of one extraocular muscle with lengthening (recession) of another. ICHI has separate codes for shortening and advancement of extraocular muscle, but no single code capturing the combined resection-recession technique; BDA.MK.AA is the nearest parent concept and is broader than the specific combined procedure.
252213004 (Repeated sampling for hormone pulsatility)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI has no concept for serial/repeated blood sampling specifically to assess hormone pulsatility (an endocrine diagnostic protocol involving timed serial venepunctures). DIA.AH.XA is the closest structural match as the physical procedure involved, but it is considerably broader — it does not capture the repeated nature, the hormone assay context, or the pulsatility assessment purpose.
175284009 (Replacement of aneurysmal bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to femoral artery)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)The SNOMED concept describes a specific aortofemoral bypass graft replacing an aneurysmal aortic bifurcation, which falls within ICHI's "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", but ICHI does not distinguish the distal anastomotic target (femoral vs iliac) or the aneurysmal aetiology, making the ICHI code broader.
265493005 (Replacement of aneurysmal bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to iliac artery)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)This describes an aortoiliac graft reconstruction of an aneurysmal aortic bifurcation; ICHI captures the target (abdominal aorta) and action (reconstruction/graft) but is coarser — it does not encode the iliac anastomotic target or the aneurysmal indication.
265512001 (Replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)The SNOMED concept targets the iliac artery specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated iliac artery intervention code; the closest is reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader because it encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries.
233388004 (Replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)This concept adds the detail of anastomotic technique to iliac artery replacement, but ICHI does not encode the aneurysmal aetiology or the anastomosis method; the reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery code is the best available match and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
359625006 (Replacement of Barton tongs of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull)Barton tongs are a specific type of external skull immobilisation/traction device. MAA.KB.AH covers replacement of any external immobilisation device applied to the skull, which is broader than the SNOMED concept (which specifies Barton tongs in particular), making the ICHI code wider.
359635000 (Replacement of caliper tongs of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull)Caliper tongs (e.g., Crutchfield or Gardner-Wells calipers) are another specific type of external skull traction/immobilisation device. MAA.KB.AH captures replacement of any external immobilisation device to the skull, making it wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
449041003 (Replacement of cardiac conduit)maps to wider conceptHBB.KA.AA (Replacement of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary artery)HBB.KA.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly describing replacement of a cardiac conduit, and it is an excellent match in procedure type, but it is scoped specifically to the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit while the SNOMED concept is non-specific about which cardiac conduit is involved.
384683008 (Replacement of cardiac pacemaker device with dual-chamber device)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers open replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system and is the best available ICHI match, but ICHI does not distinguish between single- and dual-chamber devices, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies dual-chamber replacement.
8072003 (Replacement of cardiac pacemaker with single chamber pacemaker not specified as rate responsive)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA is the best available ICHI match for pacemaker replacement, but ICHI does not capture the single-chamber or rate-responsiveness distinction present in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
449340005 (Replacement of cast of lower limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)PZX.KB.AH directly captures replacement of an external immobilisation device (which includes casts) but is not specific to the lower limb; ICHI has site-specific application codes for lower limb immobilisation but no site-specific replacement codes, making PZX.KB.AH the best available match despite its broader anatomical scope.
449341009 (Replacement of cast of upper limb)maps to wider conceptPZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated upper-limb cast replacement code; PZX.KB.AH captures the action (replacement of external immobilisation device) but is a non-site-specific NEC residual, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the upper limb.
8236002 (Replacement of Crutchfield tongs of skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull)ICHI codes skull tongs only as insertion (MAA.DL.AA); the closest replacement code is MAA.KB.AH which covers replacement of any external immobilisation device on the skull, not specifically Crutchfield tongs, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
47956003 (Replacement of drain of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.KA.AC (Replacement and refitting of vaginal device)NMH.KA.AC covers replacement of any vaginal device (including pessaries and other internal devices), which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying replacement of a drain specifically; no ICHI code is limited to vaginal drains alone.
3515001 (Replacement of electronic heart device, pulse generator)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the pulse generator component; ICHI does not have a code restricted to generator-only replacement, making it broader.
1366156009 (Replacement of external drain in intracranial subdural space)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)AAA.KA.AA is the only ICHI code for replacement of an intracranial device and captures the action (replacement) and intracranial location, but it is broader — it does not specify that the device is an external drain, nor that the target is specifically the subdural space.
1366179005 (Replacement of external drain in subdural space)maps to wider conceptAAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)This maps to the best available ICHI code for intracranial device replacement, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the subdural space specifically nor the external drain device type.
105271000220107 (Replacement of fixed orthodontic retainer)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for replacement of a fixed orthodontic retainer; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available concept, encompassing adjustments and changes to external tooth appliances, but it is broader than the specific act of replacing a fixed retainer.
232955009 (Replacement of implanted truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.DN.AA (Replacement of truncal valve)ICHI has no KA-axis (replacement of internal device) code for the truncal valve, so HDI.DN.AA "Replacement of truncal valve" is the closest available code, but it does not distinguish between a first replacement and a redo replacement of a previously implanted prosthesis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
74467008 (Replacement of inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.KA.AA (Replacement of internal penile prosthesis)NGM.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal penile prosthesis, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the inflatable (hydraulic) subtype; ICHI does not have a code that further specifies the prosthesis type, making it broader.
1252724009 (Replacement of intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)The intrathecal space lies within the spinal canal, and a catheter is a device, so ABG.KA.AE covers this procedure's core meaning. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any spinal canal device (not only intrathecal catheters).
1222635008 (Replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump and pump segment of intrathecal catheter)maps to wider conceptABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)ABG.KA.AE is the best available code for replacement of hardware placed within the spinal canal, capturing the catheter segment of the procedure; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish the infusion pump (which sits subcutaneously, not in the spinal canal itself) nor does ICHI have a composite code for simultaneous pump-and-catheter replacement.
1234788003 (Replacement of leadless cardiac pacemaker)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system without specifying the leadless variety, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a leadless pacemaker replacement. A more specific implantation code for leadless pacemakers exists (HFC.DN.AE) but it describes implantation, not replacement; HFC.KA.AA is the closest replacement code.
112896000 (Replacement of mechanical kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.KA.AA (Replacement of device in kidney)"Mechanical kidney" is an older term for an implantable renal assist or dialysis device; no ICHI code explicitly names this device, but NAA.KA.AA is the structurally closest match at the correct anatomical target with the correct action (replacement/KA) in the kidney. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal kidney device.
1303932009 (Replacement of metal ureteric stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ureteric device)NAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ureteric device, which includes stents, but does not specify stent material (metal). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to metal ureteric stents specifically.
23491005 (Replacement of nephrostomy tube)maps to wider conceptNAA.KA.AA (Replacement of device in kidney)ICHI has no code that specifically names nephrostomy tube replacement; NAA.KA.AA is the best structural match using the correct target (kidney/NAA) and action (replacement/KA), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the nephrostomy tube specifically.
81253008 (Replacement of neural pacemaker from peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device)ACA.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of any peripheral nerve device, which encompasses a neural pacemaker (neurostimulator), but is broader because it includes any device type and does not specify a pacemaker/stimulator specifically.
86486005 (Replacement of non-inflatable penile prosthesis)maps to wider conceptNGM.KA.AA (Replacement of internal penile prosthesis)NGM.KA.AA directly covers replacement of an internal penile prosthesis, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between inflatable and non-inflatable (semi-rigid/malleable) prosthesis types.
438342006 (Replacement of peritoneal dialysis catheter)maps to wider conceptKMA.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity)KMA.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal device in the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses a peritoneal dialysis catheter but is not specific to dialysis catheters. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both device type and functional purpose.
88684008 (Replacement of prosthesis of acetabulum)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA captures replacement of any hip joint device and is the closest available ICHI code, but it does not distinguish the acetabular component specifically from other hip joint prosthetic components (e.g. the femoral stem).
86957000 (Replacement of prosthesis of femur)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)There is no dedicated ICHI code for replacing a femoral prosthesis at the bone level; MLJ.KA.AA (replacement of hip joint device) is the best available match because a femoral prosthesis in this context invariably functions as the femoral component of a hip arthroplasty, but the ICHI code is broader.
275074004 (Replacement of prosthetic collar around female urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAI.KA.AA (Replacement of bladder device)No ICHI code exists specifically for a prosthetic collar at the bladder neck; NAI.KA.AA (replacement of bladder device) is the closest match, but it is broader — it covers any bladder device and does not specify the neck location, the collar device type, or female sex.
303601004 (Replacement of prosthetic collar around male urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAI.KA.AA (Replacement of bladder device)No dedicated ICHI code exists for a bladder neck prosthetic collar replacement. NAI.KA.AA is the best available approximation, but it is broader, covering any bladder device replacement without specifying the neck location, collar type, or male sex.
450821005 (Replacement of pulse generator of implantable cardioverter defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptHFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (not just the pulse generator component) and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI thus encompasses a broader set of procedures than the SNOMED concept.
12784001 (Replacement of stent of fallopian tube)maps to wider conceptNMC.DN.AD (Implantation of device into fallopian tube)ICHI has no dedicated stent replacement code for the fallopian tube; the closest code is implantation of a device (which would cover inserting the replacement stent) but it does not capture the removal of the old stent or specify a stent as the device type.
36250008 (Replacement of tissue expander of skin with permanent prosthesis)maps to wider conceptLAB.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk)LAB.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal device of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically involves exchanging a tissue expander for a permanent prosthesis; ICHI does not distinguish between device types nor specify the body region beyond trunk.
439355003 (Replacement of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter)maps to wider conceptIZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access)ICHI has no dedicated code for replacement of a tunneled/centrally inserted CVC; IZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access) is the closest assignable code under interventions on vein NEC, but it is broader — covering all means of preserving IV access, not specifically tunneled CVC replacement.
1348207001 (Replacement of urinary temporary extra-anatomic stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ureteric device)NAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ureteric device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a temporary extra-anatomic (bypassing the normal urinary tract) stent; the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the extra-anatomic or temporary nature of the device.
24204004 (Replacement of vaginal packing)maps to wider conceptNMH.KA.AC (Replacement and refitting of vaginal device)NMH.KA.AC covers replacement/refitting of any vaginal device (e.g., pessaries, prostheses), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about packing (a tamponade/haemostatic material); NMH.DK.AC describes insertion of packing but not its replacement, making NMH.KA.AC the better fit despite being broader.
177022004 (Replantation of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.KD.AA (Transplantation of ovary)ICHI has no specific "replantation" (autotransplantation) code for the ovary; NMA.KD.AA (Transplantation of ovary) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it encompasses both autologous and heterologous transplantation rather than specifically replantation of the patient's own organ.
173280002 (Replantation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.KD.AC (Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud)ICHI uses "transplantation" to cover reimplantation/replantation of a tooth into its socket, making this the closest available code; however, the title also encompasses tooth bud transplantation and autotransplantation to a different socket, making it broader.
234863007 (Reposition orthodontic bracket)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)An orthodontic bracket is an external dental appliance, and repositioning it falls within appliance management; however, KAE.SM.AC is broader, covering all forms of external dental appliance management beyond bracket repositioning specifically.
447361006 (Repositioning of corneal flap)maps to wider conceptBBB.MK.AA (Repair of cornea)Repositioning a displaced LASIK corneal flap is a form of corneal repair, making BBB.MK.AA the best available fit; however, "Repair of cornea" is broader and does not specifically distinguish flap repositioning from other corneal repair procedures.
444665003 (Resection and anastomosis of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)JBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea) is the best available match, as tracheal resection with anastomosis is the primary technique for tracheal reconstruction; however, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing other reconstructive approaches.
79553004 (Resection of abdominal aorta with replacement)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA captures the reconstructive intent of aortic resection with replacement (graft interposition), but "reconstruction" is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of resection with replacement, and ICHI provides no more granular code.
715765002 (Resection of ascending thoracic aorta using prosthetic graft with cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptHIF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ascending aorta)HIF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for ascending aortic resection with prosthetic graft replacement, but it is broader — ICHI does not distinguish the means (prosthetic graft technique) or the use of cardiopulmonary bypass at this level of coding granularity.
38512006 (Resection of cerebral meninges)maps to wider conceptAAC.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cerebral meninges)AAC.JJ.AA covers partial excision of cerebral meninges, which is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI has no "total excision" code for cerebral meninges, and the SNOMED term "resection" can imply either partial or total removal.
422246005 (Resection of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of conjunctiva)BBA.JJ.AA (partial excision of conjunctiva) is the best ICHI match for conjunctival resection; ICHI offers no total excision code for conjunctiva, so the ICHI code is wider in that it does not specify whether the resection is partial or complete.
772045007 (Resection of innominate bone)maps to wider conceptMKB.JJ.AA (Other partial ostectomy of pelvis)The innominate bone (os coxae) is part of the pelvic girdle, and MKB.JJ.AA covers partial ostectomy of the pelvis, which is the closest ICHI code available; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all pelvic bones rather than specifically the innominate bone.
12617007 (Resection of lower limb artery with replacement by graft)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA captures reconstruction (which includes graft replacement) of a lower limb artery, matching the body site and the resection-plus-replacement nature of the procedure, but it does not specify that the reconstruction is achieved by graft replacement specifically.
6801000 (Resection of mesentery)maps to wider conceptKMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue)The mesentery is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code; ICHI does not have a dedicated mesentery excision code, making this a broader match that encompasses more than just the mesentery.
53707000 (Resection of orbicularis oculi muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons)BDA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of ocular muscles generally and is the best available code; the orbicularis oculi is not an extraocular muscle in the strict sense but falls under periocular/eyelid musculature — the code is broader as it does not specify the orbicularis oculi specifically.
440522000 (Resection of pharyngeal wall with closure using myocutaneous flap)maps to wider conceptKAR.JJ.AA (Partial oropharyngectomy)KAR.JJ.AA represents partial excision of the oropharynx (pharyngeal wall resection), which matches the resection component; however, ICHI does not encode the specific reconstructive closure using a myocutaneous flap, making the code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
43668008 (Resection of soft palate)maps to wider conceptKAS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft palate)KAS.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the soft palate, which aligns well with "resection"; no total excision code exists for the full soft palate in ICHI. KAS.JJ.AA is the closest available code but may be broader if the SNOMED concept implies total palatectomy.
54154000 (Resection of sphincter of Oddi)maps to wider conceptKCM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)No dedicated sphincter-of-Oddi resection code exists in ICHI; KCM.JI.AA is the only excision-type code targeting this structure, making it the closest match, though it is broader (includes biliary duct) and implies a lesion rather than sphincter resection per se.
1753001 (Resection of uveal tissue)maps to wider conceptBZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of eye, unspecified structure)The uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) has no single dedicated ICHI resection code covering the full uveal tract. BZZ.JI.AA is the nearest code covering excision within the eye at an unspecified structure, but it is broader in target and implies a lesion-focused local excision rather than a general uveal tissue resection.
225104000 (Residual catheterization)maps to wider conceptNAI.JB.AC (Drainage of bladder without incision)Residual catheterization is the non-incisional transurethral insertion of a catheter to drain the urinary bladder (typically for post-void residual urine), which aligns well with NAI.JB.AC. ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify the residual/post-void context or the catheterization instrument specifically.
410205005 (Respiratory care assessment)maps to wider conceptJTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)JTB.AA.ZZ captures the assessment of respiration function, which aligns well with a respiratory care assessment. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any assessment of respiration function generally, while the SNOMED concept specifically frames this as "care assessment" implying a clinical care context.
268511007 (Respiratory disease monitoring)maps to wider conceptJTB.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of respiration function)JTB.AI.ZZ is the only ICHI monitoring code in the respiratory function hierarchy and is a good structural match for ongoing respiratory disease monitoring. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it refers to monitoring of respiration function without restricting to a disease state.
410198006 (Respiratory function management)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JTB (Interventions on respiratory function)No single ICHI category code covers "respiratory function management" as a broad clinical concept; the block BlockL5-JTB is the best structural match, encompassing all assessment, monitoring, training, and therapeutic interventions on respiration function. A block-level mapping is appropriate as the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category.
21784000 (Respiratory technique education)maps to wider conceptJTB.PM.ZZ (Education about respiration function)JTB.PM.ZZ covers education about respiration function, which aligns closely with teaching respiratory techniques; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all education about respiration function rather than being restricted to technique-specific instruction.
53950000 (Respiratory therapy)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JT2 (Interventions on functions of respiratory system)ICHI does not have a single code for "respiratory therapy" as a composite concept; the JT2 block groups all functional respiratory interventions and is the closest structural equivalent, though it is broader than any single code.
387662008 (Respiratory tract procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-JAA (Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech)"Respiratory tract procedure" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent; BlockL3-JAA is the most appropriate ICHI structural node, though it also includes voice and speech which extends beyond the respiratory tract alone.
410409001 (Rest/sleep surveillance)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions, which is the closest ICHI concept to clinical monitoring or surveillance of rest/sleep; however it is broader, encompassing general assessment rather than the ongoing surveillance/monitoring activity implied by the SNOMED concept.
58496000 (Restoration of eyebrow with graft)maps to wider conceptLAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)LAA.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match as it covers skin grafting to the head and neck region, which encompasses eyebrow reconstruction with a graft; it is broader because it does not specify the eyebrow as the target site.
72238005 (Restoration, crown, 3/4 cast, metallic)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC covers dental restoration generally and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular subtype of crown restoration (3/4 cast metallic); ICHI does not differentiate crown type, material, or extent of coverage at this level.
19662007 (Restoration, crown, full cast, predominantly base metal)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for tooth restorations; within the ICHI extension value set, "Metallic crown" exists as a postcoordination detail but carries no structured alphanumeric code. The ICHI category subsumes full-cast base-metal crowns alongside all other tooth restoration types, making it broader.
74992002 (Restoration, crown, resin, laboratory)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI contains "Nonmetallic crown" as an extension value under "Dental crown" (itself under KAE.MK.AC), but neither has a structured alphanumeric code, so the best assignable code is KAE.MK.AC. This broader category covers all crown restorations regardless of material or fabrication method.
16420009 (Restoration, gold foil, one surface)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no concept for gold foil restoration (a direct gold condensation technique); KAE.MK.AC is the sole assignable code and is substantially broader, capturing neither the gold material nor the one-surface specificity of this SNOMED concept.
66547004 (Restoration, gold foil, three surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI lacks any gold foil restoration concept; the three-surface specification and gold material cannot be represented in ICHI's structured coding. KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable tooth restoration code and is substantially broader than this three-surface gold foil procedure.
39285009 (Restoration, gold foil, two surfaces)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no gold foil restoration concept and no surface-count granularity in its dental restoration coding. KAE.MK.AC is the sole assignable tooth restoration code and covers this two-surface gold foil procedure only at a much higher level of abstraction.
47320005 (Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, per tooth, in addition to inlay, laboratory processed)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has a single "Restoration of tooth" category that covers all restorative materials and techniques without distinguishing composite/resin from other materials. The SNOMED concept also specifies a billing context that has no ICHI equivalent.
74236008 (Restoration, inlay, metallic, per tooth, in addition to inlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI does not differentiate restorations by material type (metallic vs. other), so the single "Restoration of tooth" code subsumes this more specific metallic inlay concept. The additive billing context ("in addition to inlay") present in SNOMED has no ICHI counterpart.
5517007 (Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, per tooth, in addition to inlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI encodes all tooth restorations under a single "Restoration of tooth" code regardless of whether the material is porcelain or ceramic, and does not capture the additive billing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.
285417003 (Resuture of episiotomy dehiscence)maps to wider conceptPAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)ICHI has no dedicated code for resuture of a broken-down episiotomy wound; the closest available code is "Repair of perineum," which covers perineal repair generally. The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming both the episiotomy origin and the dehiscence indication.
83550001 (Resuture of wound of skin)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI has no dedicated "resuture" or secondary closure code; MK (repair) on the skin target is the closest action-axis match, but ICHI codes are all site-specific whereas the SNOMED concept is site-agnostic. LAB.MK.AA is used here as a representative site-specific instance.
1344761006 (Resuturing of trabeculectomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)Resuturing a trabeculectomy involves suturing the scleral flap that was raised during the original trabeculectomy, making BCB.MK.AA the anatomically and procedurally closest ICHI code; however it is broader because it does not specify the trabeculectomy context or left-eye laterality.
1344762004 (Resuturing of trabeculectomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)BCB.MK.AA covers repair of the scleral flap site but is broader as it encompasses all scleral repairs and does not capture the specific trabeculectomy revision context or right-eye laterality without an extension code.
40345006 (Retinaculotomy)maps to wider conceptMFL.FB.AA (Division of ligament of wrist)Retinaculotomy is the incision/division of a retinaculum (most commonly the flexor retinaculum at the wrist in carpal tunnel release), and MFL.FB.AA is the best structural match in ICHI; however it is wider because it covers any wrist ligament division and does not exclude non-wrist retinaculotomy sites.
428560004 (Retinopexy using tissue adhesive)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Retinopexy using tissue adhesive is a retinal fixation/repair procedure and BCC.MK.AA captures the therapeutic intent of restoring retinal attachment; ICHI does not specify the adhesive means axis, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
397524001 (Retinoscopy)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Retinoscopy is a specific objective refraction test used to assess refractive error by observing the pupillary reflex; BTB.AC.ZZ is the best available match within the eye functions block, but it is broader, encompassing any test of seeing rather than specifically this technique.
231610002 (Retractor plication of lower eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)Retractor plication of the lower eyelid is a surgical repair technique tightening the lower eyelid retractors (typically for ectropion correction), which falls under repair of eyelid; BAA.MK.AA is broader as it covers any eyelid repair without specifying the plication technique or the lower eyelid target.
397892004 (Retrograde intubation)maps to wider conceptJZZ.DL.AC (Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for retrograde intubation (a technique where a wire is passed through the cricothyroid membrane and used to guide the endotracheal tube from below). The closest available code is the residual "other intubation of respiratory tract, NEC" category.
432397005 (Retrograde percutaneous pyeloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptNAB.MK.AA (Pyeloplasty)ICHI has a plain pyeloplasty code (NAB.MK.AA) and a laparoscopic pyeloplasty (NAB.MK.AB), but no code specific to the retrograde percutaneous approach under fluoroscopic guidance. The open pyeloplasty code is the best available match and is broader.
288020000 (Retroperitoneal adhesions freeing)maps to wider conceptPAK.FC.AA (Release of abdominal adhesions)ICHI has no specific code for retroperitoneal adhesiolysis; the closest topographic match is "Release of abdominal adhesions" (PAK.FC.AA), which covers the abdomen broadly including the retroperitoneal compartment.
288019006 (Retroperitoneal exploration operation)maps to wider conceptPAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)ICHI lacks a dedicated code for retroperitoneal exploration; the nearest available code is "Exploratory laparotomy" (PAK.AE.AA), which covers abdominal exploration broadly but does not distinguish the retroperitoneal space and implies an open laparotomy.
231602003 (Retropunctal cautery)maps to wider conceptBAD.GA.AH (Destruction of lacrimal apparatus)Retropunctal cautery is a specific technique to cauterise tissue just posterior to the lacrimal punctum, used to occlude tear drainage. ICHI has no punctum-specific cautery code; "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus" is the closest match but is broader.
230921000 (Revascularization of brain tissue)maps to wider conceptIAA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intracranial artery)ICHI has no single code for "revascularization of brain tissue" as a category; the closest assignable code is anastomosis of intracranial artery (the open surgical EC-IC bypass technique most associated with cerebral revascularization), but the SNOMED concept is broader, covering all techniques including percutaneous and transmyocardial approaches.
233501006 (Revascularization of hand)maps to wider conceptICA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of upper limb)ICHI does not have a hand-specific vascular revascularization code; hand vasculature falls under the upper limb artery block and the nearest assignable code covers the entire upper limb artery, making it broader than the hand-specific SNOMED concept.
312455006 (Reversibility trial by steroids)maps to wider conceptJT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)A steroid reversibility trial is a specific pharmacological challenge test assessing airway obstruction reversibility; ICHI has no dedicated code for this and the residual respiratory function test category is substantially broader and does not encode the steroid-challenge specificity.
763287008 (Review at hospital)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)ICHI does not have a code for a hospital-based review visit specifically; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents an unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which is broader than a defined review consultation at a hospital setting.
415300000 (Review of systems)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Review of systems" is a structured clinical inquiry covering multiple body systems as part of history-taking, which is a component of — but narrower than — a general health assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but encompasses a broader activity.
179594006 (Revision arthrodesis of toe joint)maps to wider conceptMOJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of foot or toe)MOJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any joint of the foot or toe without distinguishing revision from primary procedures, and also encompasses foot joints beyond the toe joint specifically; the ICHI code is broader on both dimensions.
179321008 (Revision cemented hemiarthroplasty of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA captures the revision (replacement of a previously implanted device) at the hip joint, aligning with redo arthroplasty, but does not differentiate hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty nor cemented from uncemented fixation.
179423007 (Revision cemented hemiarthroplasty of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDJ.KA.AA (Replacement of shoulder joint device)MDJ.KA.AA captures the revision/replacement of a shoulder joint device but does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty or cemented from cementless fixation, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept.
178575007 (Revision decompression and fusion thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptMBG.LE.AA (Fusion of thoracic spine)MBG.LE.AA covers the fusion component at the thoracic spine level, but ICHI has no dedicated thoracic decompression code, and the revision nature is not captured; the ICHI code is broader, covering only part of the combined procedure.
178576008 (Revision decompression of thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)"Release of spinal canal" is the closest ICHI concept to spinal decompression, capturing the decompressive release of the neural canal, but it is not specific to the thoracic level and does not encode the revision (re-operation) nature of the procedure.
178530009 (Revision excision of cervical intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBB.JJ.AA (Cervical discectomy)MBB.JJ.AA is a precise anatomical match for open cervical disc excision (discectomy), but ICHI provides no mechanism to encode the revision (re-operation) context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
179565004 (Revision intra-articular arthrodesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LE.AA captures the arthrodesis procedure at an unspecified joint, the closest available ICHI category, but neither the intra-articular specificity nor the revision character of the procedure is represented.
405369007 (Revision of abdominal vascular prosthesis)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)Revision of an abdominal vascular prosthesis (e.g. an aortic or pelvic bypass graft) maps best to reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery, encompassing surgical reworking of the vessel or conduit; ICHI does not distinguish primary from revision procedures, and the prosthesis-specific nature is not encoded.
405439001 (Revision of amputation of hallux)maps to wider conceptMOB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of foot or toe)MOB.JN.AA covers amputation of any bone of the foot or toe and does not distinguish the hallux (great toe) from other toes, so the ICHI code is broader in target specificity; revision intent would require the XG3J07 extension code.
609213002 (Revision of amputation stump of forearm)maps to wider conceptMFB.JN.AA (Amputation through forearm)MFB.JN.AA matches the anatomical site well; the code is broader because it does not distinguish stump revision from primary amputation, and proximal vs distal forearm levels are not differentiated.
609214008 (Revision of amputation stump of hand)maps to wider conceptMGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)MGB.JN.AA covers amputation at the hand or finger level and is broader than a stump revision specific to the hand (wrist disarticulation level); revision intent would require the XG3J07 extension code.
609215009 (Revision of amputation stump of humerus)maps to wider conceptMEB.JN.AA (Amputation through humerus)MEB.JN.AA aligns well with the anatomical site; it is broader as it does not specify the level within the humerus and does not differentiate stump revision from primary amputation.
448818001 (Revision of anterolateral excision of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic discectomy as an open procedure, capturing the core operative target and action, but does not encode the revision nature or the specific anterolateral approach, making the ICHI code broader.
1345030004 (Revision of aqueous shunt to extraocular reservoir of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.SN.AA covers management (including revision) of an internal device in the anterior chamber, aligning with the aqueous shunt implant concept, but does not capture the specific destination (extraocular reservoir), the revision nature, or laterality without an extension code.
1345029009 (Revision of aqueous shunt to extraocular reservoir of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)Identical procedural logic to the left-eye concept differing only in laterality; BBE.SN.AA is the best available ICHI code for managing an implanted aqueous drainage device, with right-eye laterality expressible only via extension.
7459007 (Revision of arteriovenous fistula with thrombectomy with autogenous graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous shunt/fistula management, but it does not encode the thrombectomy component, the use of an autogenous graft, or the revision nature; ICHI has no dedicated code combining these three elements.
34163007 (Revision of arteriovenous fistula with thrombectomy with nonautogenous graft)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code for arteriovenous fistula/shunt management, but it does not distinguish the thrombectomy component, the nonautogenous (synthetic or allograft) graft material, or the revision context.
225892009 (Revision of arteriovenous shunt for renal dialysis)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF covers management of arteriovenous shunts broadly, encompassing revision, but is not specific to revision nor to the renal dialysis context; no more specific ICHI code exists.
1285697003 (Revision of arthroplasty of head of radius)maps to wider conceptMEJ.KA.AA (Replacement of elbow joint device)The head of radius forms the radio-humeral articulation within the elbow joint, so MEJ (elbow joint) is the correct target; KA (replacement of device) is the closest action to revision of an arthroplasty implant. ICHI does not distinguish radial head from the broader elbow joint.
438859009 (Revision of arthroplasty of wrist joint with removal of implant)maps to wider conceptMFJ.KA.AA (Replacement of wrist joint device)MFJ.KA.AA is the closest match for revision arthroplasty at the wrist; however, the SNOMED concept specifies removal of the implant as part of the revision, which is not captured in this single code, and "replacement" implies re-implantation rather than pure removal.
45125008 (Revision of breast implant)maps to wider conceptLCA.KA.AA (Replacement of breast prosthesis with removal of previous breast implant)LCA.KA.AA captures the concept of re-intervening on a previously placed breast implant (removing and replacing it), overlapping substantially with revision of breast implant; however, the ICHI code specifically encodes replacement, while revision may include adjustments that do not involve full replacement.
175040004 (Revision of bypass for four or more coronary arteries)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI codes coronary artery bypass as a single undifferentiated category with no concept of revision or vessel count; HIA.LI.AA is the best match but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both revision and four or more arteries.
175037004 (Revision of bypass for one coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI has no distinct codes for revision coronary bypass procedures or for single-vessel versus multi-vessel distinction; HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass operations and is therefore broader.
175039001 (Revision of bypass for three coronary arteries)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)ICHI does not distinguish revision procedures from primary bypass procedures, nor stratify by vessel count; HIA.LI.AA is the single available ICHI category for all coronary artery bypass and is broader.
175038009 (Revision of bypass for two coronary arteries)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generically without distinguishing revision/redo procedures or the number of vessels grafted; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a revision of a bypass involving two coronary arteries.
438598005 (Revision of cervical total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBB.KA.AA (Replacement of artificial cervical spinal disc prosthesis)MBB.KA.AA captures replacement (revision) of an artificial cervical spinal disc prosthesis, but ICHI does not encode the anterior surgical approach or the qualifier "total" disc prosthesis, making the ICHI code broader.
442573000 (Revision of decompression of median nerve at wrist)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ACA.FC.AA covers release (decompression) of any peripheral nerve, which encompasses revision of median nerve release at the wrist (carpal tunnel); the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the nerve, the site, or that this is a re-do procedure.
442574006 (Revision of decompression of posterior tibial nerve at ankle)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve, which encompasses revision of posterior tibial nerve decompression at the ankle (tarsal tunnel release); broader as it does not distinguish the specific nerve, ankle location, or revision context.
782391003 (Revision of decompressive excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBM.JJ.AA (Partial lumbar vertebrectomy)Excision of the lumbar vertebral lamina (laminectomy) equates to a partial lumbar vertebrectomy in ICHI terms; the ICHI code does not capture the decompressive intent or the revision context, making it broader.
405421005 (Revision of disarticulation of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.JN.AA (Disarticulation of hip joint)MLJ.JN.AA directly encodes disarticulation at the hip joint; the ICHI code does not encode the revision context (re-operation on a prior disarticulation), so it is broader.
25140000 (Revision of fenestration of inner ear)maps to wider conceptCCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of fenestration" code; CCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear) covers corrective work on the inner ear but is broader, as it does not specify fenestration or revision.
428409003 (Revision of fixtures for attachment of nasal prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAA.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of skull)ICHI contains no dedicated code for osseointegrated fixtures for nasal prosthesis attachment; MAA.KA.AA is the closest because the bone-anchored fixtures sit in skull bone, but the code is broader (any skull internal device).
177483001 (Revision of flap of skin to head or neck)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)ICHI does not have a specific code for revision of a skin flap; LAA.MK.AA captures the anatomical site and corrective nature but is broader, as it does not specify that the work revises a previously created flap.
178546001 (Revision of fusion of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)ICHI provides only a single code for cervical spinal fusion with no separate revision variant; this code is the closest match but does not distinguish a primary fusion from a revision procedure.
450797008 (Revision of fusion of joint and internal fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a dedicated "revision of fusion" or "revision of internal fixation" code for a non-specific joint site; MRJ.LE.AA is the best available match for the fusion component but does not capture the internal fixation aspect or revision nature.
1186603001 (Revision of fusion of joint of spine with internal fixation of bone of spine)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "revision" action for spinal fusion; MBZ.LE.AA is the broadest spinal fusion code covering unspecified spinal levels, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
450792002 (Revision of fusion of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)ICHI does not distinguish primary fusion from revision fusion at the lumbar level; MBM.LE.AA is the closest anatomically specific code but does not encode the revision/redo nature.
442192009 (Revision of fusion of occipitocervical junction)maps to wider conceptMBA.LE.AA (Fusion of cervical spine)ICHI has no occipitocervical-specific code, and no revision-of-fusion action; MBA.LE.AA is the best available anatomical approximation but covers the entire cervical spine.
71102008 (Revision of gastric anastomosis with jejunal interposition)maps to wider conceptKBF.LB.AA (Gastric anastomosis)ICHI has no revision-specific gastric anastomosis code and no code capturing jejunal interposition; KBF.LB.AA covers the primary procedure on the stomach but is broader.
10289000 (Revision of gastroduodenal anastomosis with reconstruction)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)ICHI has no specific code for revision of a gastroduodenal anastomosis; KBF.ML.AA is the closest match capturing the reconstructive component, but it is broader as it does not specify the duodenal anastomotic site or revision context.
21269005 (Revision of gastroduodenostomy with jejunal interposition)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)This procedure involves revising a gastroduodenostomy with jejunal interposition; KBF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI approximation but does not capture the jejunal interposition or revision context.
12291004 (Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with bowel resection)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)ICHI has no code specific to revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis combined with bowel resection; KBF.ML.AA best represents the dominant reconstructive component but omits the bowel resection and revision context.
55718003 (Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with partial gastrectomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.JJ.AA (Partial gastrectomy)The SNOMED concept specifically names partial gastrectomy as the defining component alongside the anastomotic revision, making KBF.JJ.AA the most clinically specific match; broader because it does not capture the anastomotic revision or jejunal connection.
443024008 (Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with vagotomy)maps to wider conceptKBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)ICHI has no code for revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis with vagotomy; KBF.ML.AA captures the principal reconstructive procedure but omits the vagotomy component and revision context.
59184005 (Revision of Holter valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)A Holter valve is a specific type of ventricular shunt valve, so revision of it is a form of ventricular device replacement; the ICHI code does not specify the Holter valve type or distinguish revision from full replacement.
428622003 (Revision of hybrid total prosthetic replacement of hip joint using cemented femoral component)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement/revision of hip joint implants and is the best available ICHI code, but it does not capture the specificity of a hybrid prosthesis with a cemented femoral component.
30444008 (Revision of implantable venous access port)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)IZE.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code covering management of implanted vascular devices such as a venous access port, but it is broader, encompassing all vascular device management.
609144001 (Revision of internal fixation of bone of posterior ring of pelvis)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AA (Open reduction of pelvis)ICHI does not have a dedicated "revision of internal fixation" code nor distinguish the posterior pelvic ring; MKB.LD.AA is the closest procedural category but covers the whole pelvis and does not encode revision.
609145000 (Revision of internal fixation of iliac spine of pelvis)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AA (Open reduction of pelvis)The iliac spine is a specific anatomical landmark of the pelvic bone; ICHI collapses all pelvic bone fixation interventions under MKB.LD.AA without distinguishing individual sub-structures or encoding revision.
709189001 (Revision of internal fixation of talus bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of foot or toe)The talus is a tarsal bone of the foot; ICHI groups all foot and toe bone reductions under MOB.LD.AA, which does not specify the talus individually nor capture the revision aspect.
609141009 (Revision of internal fixation of wall of acetabulum)maps to wider conceptMKB.LD.AA (Open reduction of pelvis)The acetabular wall is a bony structure of the pelvic region; ICHI maps pelvic bone interventions to MKB.LD.AA regardless of pelvic sub-structure, and does not encode the revision character.
735262008 (Revision of left total prosthetic knee arthroplasty)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA covers the concept of replacing/revising an existing knee implant and is the best available ICHI code; broader because it does not specify total prosthesis or laterality (left).
2455009 (Revision of lumbosubarachnoid shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for revision of a lumbosubarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE is the best available code as it covers interventions managing an existing internal device within the spinal canal.
24429008 (Revision of nephrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AA (Nephrostomy)ICHI's Nephrostomy code encompasses creation of a nephrostomy but does not differentiate revision from initial creation; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
609203005 (Revision of neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Repair of peripheral nerve best captures the surgical correction that neuroplasty revision entails, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers all peripheral nerve repair without distinguishing revision procedures or restricting to major nerves.
705042005 (Revision of percutaneous endoscopic excision of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AB (Endoscopic thoracic discectomy)ICHI does not have a specific "revision" variant for endoscopic thoracic discectomy; MBH.JJ.AB encodes the base procedure (endoscopic thoracic discectomy) without capturing the re-operative/revision context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429183002 (Revision of percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)maps to wider conceptMBN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc)MBN.GA.AE correctly captures the lumbar site and the percutaneous destruction approach, which encompasses thermocoagulation via radiofrequency probe. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific thermocoagulation/radiofrequency technique, nor does it encode the "revision" (redo) nature of the procedure.
174961003 (Revision of plastic repair of aortic valve)maps to wider conceptHDE.MK.AA (Repair of aortic valve)HDE.MK.AA covers surgical repair of the aortic valve, which is the correct target and action for a valvuloplasty. ICHI does not distinguish a revision (redo) of a prior repair from a primary repair, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
174960002 (Revision of plastic repair of mitral valve)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDF.MK.AA covers surgical repair of the mitral valve and subvalvar apparatus, matching the target and action of the SNOMED concept. As with the aortic valve, ICHI does not encode the revision/redo distinction, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
174963000 (Revision of plastic repair of pulmonary valve)maps to wider conceptHDG.MK.AA (Repair of pulmonary valve)HDG.MK.AA correctly identifies the pulmonary valve target and repair action, aligning with the valvuloplasty described. ICHI does not differentiate a revision of a prior repair from a primary repair, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
174962005 (Revision of plastic repair of tricuspid valve)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)ICHI has no distinct "revision" action code; HDH.MK.AA covers repair (including plastic/reconstructive repair) of the tricuspid valve, making it the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses both initial repairs and revisions without distinguishing between them.
429359000 (Revision of plastic repair of truncal valve)maps to wider conceptHDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve)ICHI does not distinguish revision procedures from primary repairs; HDI.MK.AA is the only repair-level code for the truncal valve and subsumes revision of a prior plastic repair. The ICHI code is wider as it applies to any repair, not specifically a re-do procedure.
178593008 (Revision of posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)ICHI does not have a cervical-specific spinal canal decompression code nor a revision subtype; ABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal) is the best functional match for posterior decompression of the cervical cord, but it covers all spinal levels and does not encode the revision context or the posterior approach.
265713008 (Revision of posterior decompression of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)The same rationale applies as for the cervical concept — ICHI encodes spinal canal release generically without level-specific or revision distinctions. ABG.FC.AA captures the decompression/release intent but is broader in scope than the lumbar-specific, posterior, revision procedure described.
60749009 (Revision of previous repair of cranial nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.MK.AA (Repair of cranial nerve)ICHI has no revision-of-repair action code for cranial nerves; AAN.MK.AA is the closest match covering cranial nerve repair broadly. It is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve repair, not specifically a revision of a previously performed repair.
66021000 (Revision of previous repair of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ICHI has "Repair of peripheral nerve" but does not distinguish a re-do/revision repair from a primary repair, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a revision of a prior repair. This is the closest available match within the peripheral nervous system interventions block; no ICHI code encodes the re-do character of the procedure.
609174009 (Revision of prosthetic replacement of head of radius)maps to wider conceptMEJ.KA.AA (Replacement of elbow joint device)ICHI has no specific code for the radial head; the head of radius is anatomically part of the elbow joint complex, so the elbow joint device replacement code is the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the entire elbow joint rather than being specific to the radial head component.
734003004 (Revision of prosthetic total arthroplasty of right glenohumeral joint)maps to wider conceptMDJ.KA.AA (Replacement of shoulder joint device)The ICHI code covers replacement of any shoulder joint device but does not encode laterality (right side) or the fact that this is a total rather than partial arthroplasty revision; these distinctions would require ICHI extension codes (laterality extension) not reflected in the base code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
47490000 (Revision of pyelostomy)maps to wider conceptNAB.SN.AD (Management of internal device of renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of pyelostomy" code; NAB.SN.AD covers management (including revision) of devices at the renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction, which subsumes pyelostomy revision but is broader, encompassing all internal device management at that site.
175732004 (Revision of reconstruction involving femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of reconstruction" action; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any lower limb artery (including the femoral artery) without distinguishing primary from redo surgery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both the "revision" dimension and the anatomical specificity.
175731006 (Revision of reconstruction involving iliac artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of reconstruction" action; IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery (which includes the iliac arteries) without distinguishing primary from redo procedures, making it wider than the SNOMED concept on both the "revision" and anatomical specificity dimensions.
452761000124107 (Revision of reconstruction of head of left radius)maps to wider conceptMFB.ML.AA (Bone graft to forearm)ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of reconstruction at the radial head specifically; MFB.ML.AA is the only reconstruction-type code under bone of forearm and covers the site, but it is broader — encompassing all forearm bone reconstruction (not just radial head), any approach, and not limited to revision procedures.
175733009 (Revision of reconstruction of popliteal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any artery of the lower limb, which encompasses the popliteal artery, but the ICHI code does not distinguish revision of a prior reconstruction from a primary reconstruction, and the popliteal artery is not individually specified (it is subsumed under "artery of lower limb").
609183004 (Revision of replacement of joint of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)In ICHI, KA (Replacement of internal device) is the standard action axis code encoding prosthesis revision; however, "joint of lower limb" spans hip, knee, and ankle, so no single ICHI code covers all lower limb joints — MLJ.KA.AA (hip) is selected as representative but the concept is broader than any one joint-specific ICHI revision code.
609184005 (Revision of replacement of joint of upper limb)maps to wider conceptMDJ.KA.AA (Replacement of shoulder joint device)As with the lower limb concept, ICHI encodes prosthesis revision via the KA action but only at the level of individual joints (shoulder MDJ.KA.AA, elbow MEJ.KA.AA, wrist MFJ.KA.AA); the SNOMED concept covers all upper limb joints, so the ICHI code is necessarily narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept, making any single joint code a wider-scope mismatch — MDJ.KA.AA is chosen as the most commonly revised upper limb joint arthroplasty.
8136007 (Revision of scar of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Scar revision is a specific repair operation targeting existing scar tissue on the skin, while LZZ.MK.AA covers all repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC without specifying scar as the target structure. No scar-revision-specific code exists in ICHI, and this is the closest action (repair/MK) on the correct target (skin, unspecified body region).
77055005 (Revision of scars of face)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA captures repair of skin in the head/neck region, which includes the face, matching the anatomical specificity of this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any repair of that skin region rather than specifically to scar revision.
442972003 (Revision of skin pocket for dual chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of the subcutaneous generator pocket; HFC.SN.AA "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" is the broadest available container for post-implant management interventions on the device system, but it does not specify pocket revision, the dual-chamber configuration, or the cardioverter-defibrillator subtype.
443012001 (Revision of skin pocket for single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator)maps to wider conceptHFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)Identical reasoning to 442972003 — ICHI lacks a skin-pocket-revision code and does not distinguish single from dual chamber devices; HFC.SN.AA is the best available match for any post-implant management of a pacemaker or defibrillator system.
42621009 (Revision of spinal subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal)ABG.SN.AE covers management (including revision) of an internal device within the spinal canal, which encompasses the spinal end of a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the peritoneal destination of the shunt, the subarachnoid origin, or that the intervention is a revision specifically.
58490006 (Revision of spinal subarachnoid-ureteral shunt)maps to wider conceptABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt)ABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt) is the closest ICHI match, covering shunt procedures on the spinal canal. It is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a subarachnoid-to-ureteral route and a revision (rather than creation) procedure; ICHI has no code specifically for revision of a spinal shunt or for this specific shunt type.
9225000 (Revision of stapedectomy)maps to wider conceptCBF.JJ.AC (Stapedectomy)CBF.JJ.AC is the only stapedectomy code in ICHI and does not distinguish between primary and revision procedures; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a revision operation, making the ICHI code broader in scope.
438217000 (Revision of subcutaneous port component after open gastric restrictive procedure)maps to wider conceptKBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device)KBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device) is the best available ICHI code for revision/replacement of a gastric access port component, but it is broader — it does not specify the subcutaneous port component, the prior open approach, or the context of a gastric restrictive (bariatric) procedure.
16117008 (Revision of total knee arthroplasty, all components)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA captures revision/replacement of a knee joint device (i.e., the prosthesis), which aligns with a revision knee arthroplasty. However, it does not specify "total" replacement or the "all components" detail, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
438790001 (Revision of total lumbar disc arthroplasty using anterior approach)maps to wider conceptMBN.KA.AA (Replacement of lumbar artificial spinal disc prosthesis)MBN.KA.AA directly represents revision/replacement of a lumbar artificial spinal disc prosthesis, matching the core procedure. However, the ICHI code does not capture the anterior approach specificity nor the "total" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1230060009 (Revision of total replacement of hip joint using liner exchange)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA represents replacement of a hip joint device, which covers revision hip arthroplasty in general. The SNOMED concept specifies the technique of liner exchange, a level of detail not captured in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader.
1230047003 (Revision of total replacement of hip joint using metal augmentation)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA covers revision/replacement of a hip joint device but does not distinguish the specific technique of metal augmentation used in this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI mapping broader.
1230209004 (Revision of total replacement of hip joint with allograft of bone)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)MLJ.KA.AA represents replacement of a hip joint device and covers the revision procedure, but lacks the specificity of bone allograft use that characterises this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
1217703006 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint using cone)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)ICHI's "Replacement of knee joint device" covers revision knee arthroplasty generically but does not distinguish the cone augment used to manage bone defects; the SNOMED concept is a more specific procedure variant that ICHI subsumes under a single code.
1201752006 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint using modular metal augmentation)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)ICHI captures the revision/replacement of the knee joint device but has no axis value or extension that distinguishes the use of modular metal augmentation; all implant-type variants in revision total knee arthroplasty collapse to this single code.
1201749003 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint using rotating hinge prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)The rotating hinge prosthesis is a highly constrained implant design used in complex revision cases, but ICHI encodes no distinction between prosthesis constraint levels or design types; the generic knee joint device replacement code is the best available match.
1220621004 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint using stem)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)Stem extensions are a component-level detail of revision knee arthroplasty not representable in ICHI's three-axis structure; the broader "Replacement of knee joint device" is the most precise available code.
1201751004 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint using valgus-varus constrained prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)The valgus-varus constrained prosthesis design indicates a specific level of implant constraint for ligamentous instability, a detail that lies outside ICHI's coding granularity; ICHI subsumes all such revision variants under the single replacement-of-device code for the knee joint.
1197485009 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone allograft)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device) captures the revision/replacement aspect of the procedure but does not encode the specific bone grafting technique (allograft) used alongside the revision. The ICHI code is broader, collapsing all knee joint device replacements regardless of graft type or source.
1197492004 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone autograft)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)Same reasoning as the allograft concept — MMJ.KA.AA covers knee joint device replacement/revision but makes no distinction between autograft, allograft, or impaction grafting technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1197495002 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint with impaction bone grafting)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA encompasses all revisions of a knee joint prosthesis device regardless of whether impaction bone grafting is used, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a particular grafting technique.
1201748006 (Revision of total replacement of knee joint with isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange)maps to wider conceptMMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device)MMJ.KA.AA covers replacement of any knee joint device component, but does not capture the specific clinical detail of an isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange (a partial component exchange rather than a full revision), making the ICHI code broader.
1344699009 (Revision of trabeculectomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculectomy is a filtration surgery that creates a drainage pathway from the anterior chamber; BBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye) is the closest ICHI match covering this functional category, but it does not encode either the specific surgical technique (trabeculectomy with scleral flap), the revision nature of the procedure, or the laterality (left eye).
705043000 (Revision of transforaminal interbody fusion of joint of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)ICHI provides a general "Fusion of lumbar spine" code without distinguishing transforaminal interbody approach or the revision (redo) context; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both surgical approach (transforaminal interbody) and in being a revision of a prior fusion, making the ICHI code broader.
174803001 (Revision of transplantation of heart and lung)maps to wider conceptPSA.KD.AA (Heart-lung transplantation)ICHI has a dedicated "Heart-lung transplantation" code that matches the organ combination exactly, but it does not distinguish a revision/redo transplantation from a primary transplantation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
228806004 (Revision of urethrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)ICHI has no dedicated "revision of urethrostomy" code; reconstruction of the urethra (NAM.ML.AA) is the closest functional equivalent, but it is broader — it covers urethral reconstruction in general, not specifically the revision of an existing urethrostomy stoma.
2843005 (Revision of urinary conduit)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)ICHI does not have a dedicated revision-of-conduit code; NAE.LI.AA "Urinary diversion" is the most relevant code in the ureter block and covers the creation/management of urinary conduits, but it is broader and does not specifically represent revision of an existing conduit.
80634002 (Revision of vessel-to-vessel arteriovenous cannula)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous interventions (in the context of vascular access shunts), but it is broader — "management of arteriovenous shunt" does not specifically denote revision of a vessel-to-vessel AV cannula, and no more precise ICHI code for this procedure exists.
179749003 (Revision open allograft replacement intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)ICHI's reconstruction of knee ligaments covers the same anatomical site and operative intent (ligament replacement/reconstruction via graft), but does not distinguish allograft from autograft or xenograft, does not specify "intra-articular" (vs extra-articular), and does not encode the "revision" character of the procedure; thus the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
179773006 (Revision open autograft replacement intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Same reasoning as 179749003 — ICHI captures open knee ligament reconstruction but does not distinguish graft source (autograft), laterality of ligament (intra-articular), or the fact that this is a revision of a prior procedure; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
179751004 (Revision open xenograft replacement intra-articular ligament)maps to wider conceptMML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)Same reasoning as 179749003 and 179773006 — ICHI's knee ligament reconstruction code covers the operative procedure but does not differentiate xenograft source, intra-articular specificity, or revision status; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
265718004 (Revision posterior fusion of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptMBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine without specifying the posterior approach or the revision (redo) context. ICHI encodes "Revision" only as an extension code (XG3J07), and no posterior-approach-specific lumbar fusion code exists, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
172796005 (Revision septoplasty)maps to wider conceptJAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty)JAB.ML.AC maps directly to the septoplasty procedure on the nasal septum, but does not encode the revision (redo) context; in ICHI, revision is only expressible as the extension code XG3J07, which is not part of the base assignable code.
179139006 (Revision to closed reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of femur (proximal femur is a sub-site of femur) but does not encode the external fixation component, the "proximal" anatomical specificity, or the "revision" nature of the procedure; ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
179107004 (Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH encodes the closed reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation device details (screw/nail with intramedullary implant), the proximal sub-site specificity, and the revision context; ICHI is broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept.
179108009 (Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH encodes the closed reduction of the femur but does not capture the internal fixation with a plate device, the proximal sub-site, or the revision character of the procedure; ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept.
179106008 (Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail device alone)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of femur)MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of femur but lacks encoding of the internal screw/nail fixation device, the proximal anatomical sub-site, and the revision qualifier; ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept.
179665006 (Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI covers only the closed reduction of a joint (without specifying that it is a revision/re-do) and does not encode the functional bracing component applied post-reduction; the code is therefore broader in some respects and incomplete relative to the full SNOMED concept.
179667003 (Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI encodes the closed joint reduction at an unspecified site but does not capture the skeletal traction component (the only ICHI traction code, MBZ.LC.AE, is specific to the spine) nor the revision/re-do nature of the procedure.
179125006 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture and internal fixation with screw(s))maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site but does not represent the internal fixation with screws (a separate ICHI concept, MRB.DN.AA) nor the revision context, so the single best code covers only part of the procedure.
179128008 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture and intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI encodes only the closed bone reduction component; intramedullary nail fixation is represented in ICHI as a device-type extension concept without a standalone combination code, and the revision aspect is also not captured.
179112003 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture and wire fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI covers the closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site but omits the wire fixation component and the revision character of the procedure, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the full SNOMED concept.
179681001 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI captures the closed reduction of an (unspecified) joint but omits the "revision to" qualifier, the fracture component of a fracture-dislocation, and the concurrent functional bracing stabilisation; the ICHI code is thus broader in that it covers any closed joint reduction regardless of context or associated stabilisation.
179682008 (Revision to closed reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)As with 179681001, the closest ICHI code represents the generic closed joint reduction without encoding the revision intent, the fracture element of the fracture-dislocation, or the skin traction as the associated stabilisation method.
178709002 (Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and bedrest stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)This code correctly targets the vertebral column and encodes closed reduction, matching the core procedural action, but it does not capture the "revision to" (corrective redo) qualifier or the bedrest as the stabilisation modality paired with the reduction.
178711006 (Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The code encodes closed spinal reduction at the correct anatomical target but is broader than the SNOMED concept, omitting both the revision qualifier and the cast as the specific stabilisation technique applied after reduction.
178712004 (Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)Same reasoning as 178711006 — the spinal closed reduction is captured, but the revision nature of the procedure and the external fixation as stabilisation method have no representation in this ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
179064006 (Revision to open reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI's "Open reduction of femur" (MLB.LD.AA) covers the open reduction component but does not capture the external fixation, the proximal (femoral neck/intertrochanteric) specificity, or the revision nature of the procedure. ICHI has no revision modifier and no combined open-reduction-plus-external-fixation code for the femur.
179677001 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)The SNOMED concept describes a revision open reduction of a joint dislocation combined with external fixation; given the pairing with proximal femoral/hip concepts in this concept group, MLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint) is the closest available ICHI code but omits the external fixation component, the dislocation specificity, and the revision nature entirely.
179675009 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)MLJ.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of the hip joint and does not encode the skeletal traction adjunct, the dislocation specificity, or the revision context; ICHI has no lower-limb skeletal traction category (only MBZ.LC.AE exists for the spine).
179674008 (Revision to open reduction of dislocation and skin traction)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint)As with the skeletal traction variant, ICHI provides no skin traction code for the lower limb and no combined open-reduction-plus-traction category; MLJ.LD.AA represents only the open reduction component of a broader combined procedure.
179070000 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMLB.LD.AA (Open reduction of femur)ICHI has no concept for functional bracing or cast-bracing as a post-reduction adjunct, and no revision modifier exists; MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femoral fracture component only, making the mapping substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
179076006 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and locked reamed intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures the open reduction of a bone without specifying site, and does not distinguish revision from primary procedure, nor does it encode the fixation device type (locked, reamed, intramedullary nail) at the category level — the "Intramedullary nail" means qualifier exists only as an extension code and would need appending. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
179077002 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and locked unreamed intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)As with 179076006, ICHI's open reduction code for unspecified bone site does not capture the revision context, nor the specific intramedullary nail type (locked unreamed); the nail detail can only be expressed as an extension code, making the ICHI category code broader than the SNOMED concept.
179078007 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and unlocked reamed intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)Identical reasoning as the preceding two concepts — ICHI has no category-level distinction for unlocked versus locked nailing or reamed versus unreamed, and does not encode the revision character of the procedure; the open reduction of unspecified bone is the closest available ICHI category but remains broader.
179079004 (Revision to open reduction of fracture and unlocked unreamed intramedullary nail fixation)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)Same reasoning as the preceding intramedullary nail concepts — ICHI does not encode nail type (unlocked unreamed) or the revision context at the category level, and the unspecified-site open reduction code is the best available match but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
179688007 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and cast immobilization)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI's open reduction of unspecified bone is the best single-code match for the primary surgical act (open reduction of fracture dislocation), but it does not encode the revision context, the dislocation component, or the adjunct cast immobilization (which would require a separate code PZX.LC.AH); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the composite SNOMED concept.
179692000 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and external fixation)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint but does not encode the revision nature of the procedure, the fracture-dislocation pathology, the external fixation device, or a specific body site. ICHI has no dedicated revision-of-open-reduction code with fixation method detail, making the match wider (the ICHI code subsumes but is broader than this SNOMED concept).
179695003 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with plate(s))maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint but omits the revision qualifier, the fracture-dislocation context, and the plate fixation detail; ICHI does have a "Plate and/or screw" extension code but no standalone category for open reduction with plate fixation as a revision, so the core code remains wider than this SNOMED concept.
179694004 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with screw(s))maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)Same reasoning as plate fixation above — MRJ.LD.AA represents open reduction of a joint at unspecified site and does not distinguish revision procedures, fracture-dislocation pathology, or the screw fixation technique, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
179691007 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with wire(s))maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)MRJ.LD.AA represents the open reduction component but is broader than this concept as it does not capture the revision nature, the fracture-dislocation indication, or the wire fixation method; no more specific ICHI category for wire fixation in a joint reduction revision context exists.
179689004 (Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of joint of unspecified site)Functional bracing is a form of external immobilisation applied to a joint, making MRJ.LC.AH the closest ICHI code; however, it does not capture the preceding open reduction, the revision nature, or the fracture-dislocation context, so the match is wider than this SNOMED concept.
179328002 (Revision uncemented hemiarthroplasty of hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)ICHI's "Replacement of hip joint device" covers revision procedures (device replacement) at the hip joint but does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty (partial, femoral head only) from total joint replacement, nor does it capture the uncemented fixation technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
179430001 (Revision uncemented hemiarthroplasty of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDJ.KA.AA (Replacement of shoulder joint device)ICHI's "Replacement of shoulder joint device" captures device replacement (revision) at the shoulder joint but does not differentiate hemiarthroplasty from total shoulder replacement, nor the uncemented fixation method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
178637004 (Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior instrumentation)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AA captures the lumbar disc excision component but does not distinguish the anterior approach, the concurrent posterior instrumentation, or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this compound, approach-specific SNOMED concept.
707839004 (Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AA (Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)MBV.JJ.AA matches the unspecified-site disc excision, but the ICHI code implies open approach and does not capture the automated percutaneous mechanical technique (e.g. APLD/Nucleotome) or the revisional context; no ICHI code for percutaneous excision at an unspecified disc site exists.
707841003 (Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of lumbar intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AE (Percutaneous lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AE correctly identifies lumbar site and percutaneous approach, giving the closest available match; however, it does not distinguish the automated mechanical technique (as opposed to manual percutaneous) or the revisional (redo) character of the procedure.
707840002 (Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)MBH.JJ.AA correctly identifies the thoracic intervertebral disc as the target and discectomy as the action, but assumes an open approach; ICHI has no percutaneous thoracic discectomy code, and neither the automated mechanical technique nor the revisional nature is represented.
178570002 (Revisional costotransversectomy of thoracic intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)Costotransversectomy is a specific posterolateral open approach to excise a thoracic disc by removing part of the rib head and transverse process; MBH.JJ.AA captures the thoracic disc excision target and action but does not encode the costotransversectomy approach or the revisional nature of the surgery.
178633000 (Revisional fenestration excision of lumbar intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)Lumbar discectomy covers the disc removal that is the goal of this procedure, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the fenestration approach (creating a small laminar window for access) or the revisional (re-operative) nature of the intervention, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
428924004 (Revisional foraminoplasty of spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)Foraminoplasty (enlargement of the intervertebral foramen) is performed specifically to decompress the spinal nerve root, making ABN.FC.AA the closest functional equivalent; however, the ICHI code does not capture the bony/foramen-widening nature of the procedure, the unspecified spinal level, or the revisional context.
178536003 (Revisional foraminotomy of cervical spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)Cervical foraminotomy decompresses the nerve root at the cervical intervertebral foramen; ABN.FC.AA captures the decompressive intent but is not specific to the cervical level, the bony foramen-widening technique, or the revisional (re-operative) status.
178615006 (Revisional foraminotomy of lumbar spine)maps to wider conceptABN.FC.AA (Release of spinal nerve root)Lumbar foraminotomy enlarges the lumbar intervertebral foramen to relieve nerve root compression; ABN.FC.AA represents the release/decompression of the spinal nerve root but lacks specificity for the lumbar level, the osseous foramen technique, and the revisional nature.
178632005 (Revisional laminectomy excision of lumbar intervertebral disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)The primary objective of this procedure is lumbar disc excision, which MBN.JJ.AA directly represents; the laminectomy approach component and the revisional (re-operative) qualifier are not encoded in ICHI, making the code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
178638009 (Revisional lumbar microdiscectomy)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AA covers lumbar discectomy in general; the SNOMED concept is a specific microsurgical technique performed as a revision procedure, making the ICHI code broader (it does not encode the microscopic approach nor the revisional nature).
178571003 (Revisional posterior decompression of thoracic disc)maps to wider conceptMBH.JJ.AA (Thoracic discectomy)Posterior decompression of a thoracic disc is essentially a thoracic discectomy or partial disc excision to relieve neural compression; MBH.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the revisional context or distinguish decompression as the operative intent rather than full disc removal.
178639001 (Revisional posterior excision of lumbar disc)maps to wider conceptMBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)MBN.JJ.AA directly represents lumbar disc excision (discectomy) and is the best semantic fit; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the posterior approach or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure.
178573000 (Revisional posterior fusion of joint of thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptMBG.LE.AA (Fusion of thoracic spine)MBG.LE.AA captures thoracic spinal fusion, which is the core procedure, but is broader because it does not specify the posterior approach, the fact that the target is specifically the intervertebral/facet joint, or the revisional (redo) nature of the surgery.
440069001 (Rhinophototherapy using ultraviolet and visible light)maps to wider conceptLAA.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Rhinophototherapy is intranasal phototherapy applied to nasal mucosa for rhinitis, but ICHI has no specific nasal phototherapy code; LAA.SC.AH is the anatomically closest code in the phototherapy family, though it is broader — covering any head/neck skin phototherapy rather than specifically intranasal mucosal application with UV and visible light.
11759002 (Rhinoplasty augmentation with synthetic implant)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI has no specific code for nasal augmentation rhinoplasty with synthetic implant; JAA.ML.AA (reconstruction of nose, open approach) is the closest available code under "Interventions on nose," but it encompasses all forms of nasal reconstruction rather than specifically implant-based augmentation rhinoplasty.
49319008 (Rhytidectomy of neck with platysmal tightening)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)Rhytidectomy of the neck with platysmal tightening involves excision of redundant skin and tightening of the platysma muscle; LAA.LL.AA covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck but does not encode the specific platysmal muscle component, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
14731004 (Rhytidectomy of subcutaneous and musculoaponeurotic system)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)SMAS rhytidectomy specifically addresses the deeper musculoaponeurotic layer of the face/neck, a distinction not encoded in ICHI; LAA.LL.AA is the best available code for reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck but misses the SMAS-specific anatomy, making it broader.
122080003 (Rickettsia species detection)maps to wider conceptXG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)ICHI contains no Rickettsia-specific laboratory test; XG6201 (genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi) covers the general class of procedure — microbial identification — that encompasses Rickettsia species detection, but is considerably broader in scope.
401223004 (Right dorsalis pedis ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index))maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ABPI is a specific haemodynamic ratio comparing ankle to brachial systolic pressure, lateralised here to the right dorsalis pedis artery; ICHI has no dedicated ABPI code, and ITA.AB.AH (measurement of blood pressure) captures the core action but is far broader, encompassing any blood pressure measurement without site or laterality specificity.
1303664000 (Right hip joint denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Hip joint denervation involves destroying the articular nerve branches supplying the hip joint; ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the procedurally closest match as it encodes the same action-means axis (nerve destruction), but it does not specify the hip joint target or right-sided laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1052228009 (Right inguinal herniotomy)maps to wider conceptPAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)ICHI's "Repair of inguinal hernia" covers the procedure generically without specifying laterality (right side) or technique (herniotomy specifically implies simple division and closure of the hernial sac without mesh), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept on both dimensions.
401225006 (Right posterior tibial ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index))maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)ICHI's "Measurement of blood pressure" is the closest available code, but it is much broader — the SNOMED concept specifies a ratio measurement (ankle vs. brachial pressure) at a specific anatomical location (right posterior tibial artery) used to assess peripheral arterial disease, none of which is captured in the ICHI code.
1303666003 (Right wrist joint region denervation)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)Wrist denervation involves surgical destruction of the peripheral nerves supplying the wrist joint, which maps best to "Destruction of peripheral nerve"; however, the ICHI code does not capture the anatomical specificity (wrist region) or the laterality (right), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
173111001 (Rigid bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion below trachea)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)The bronchus is the primary structure immediately below the trachea and is the best anatomical fit; however, the ICHI code does not capture the rigid bronchoscope approach or the laser means, and "endoscopic" is broader than "rigid bronchoscopic," making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
173084001 (Rigid bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion of trachea)maps to wider conceptJBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea)The target (trachea) and action (destruction of lesion) are correctly captured, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the rigid bronchoscope instrument or the laser means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the approach and the energy modality used.
236230007 (Rigid cystoscopy and cystodiathermy of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral (endoscopic) destruction of a bladder lesion by any means, which encompasses cystodiathermy (electrosurgical destruction); the ICHI code does not specify the instrument (diathermy/electrocautery) or the rigid scope modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
300962006 (Rigid cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)NAI.GA.AD captures transurethral endoscopic destruction of a bladder lesion regardless of the energy source; the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means and rigid cystoscopy as the approach, detail that the ICHI code does not encode at the base code level, so the ICHI code is broader.
173659000 (Rigid esophagoscopy and cauterization)maps to wider conceptKBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)KBA.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of oesophageal lesions or tissue by any method, which subsumes cauterization performed via rigid esophagoscopy; the ICHI code does not distinguish rigid from flexible scopes nor specify cauterization as the destruction means, so it is broader.
698745000 (Risk assessment for patient transport)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific code for pre-transport risk assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the broadest applicable code, but it covers all-purpose health appraisal rather than the specific clinical risk evaluation conducted before patient transport.
406549009 (Risk behavior assessment)maps to wider conceptVFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours)ICHI codes behaviour assessments only within named domains (alcohol, tobacco, self-harm, road safety, etc.); VFZ.AA.ZZ is the residual category for assessment of other/unspecified health-related behaviours, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the nearest available aggregate code.
176561009 (Ritual circumcision)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)ICHI has no dedicated circumcision or prepuce excision code; the closest anatomical match is partial excision of the penis (NGM.JJ.AA), which is broader in scope as it covers any partial penile excision and does not capture the ritual/cultural context or the specificity of prepuce removal.
83706000 (Robert Jones bandaging)maps to wider conceptMMJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to the knee)The Robert Jones bandage is a specific heavily-padded compressive immobilisation technique applied to the knee, but ICHI codes this generically as application of any external immobilisation device to the knee; the ICHI code is wider because it does not differentiate the specific bandaging technique.
1137362006 (Robot assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of common bile duct)maps to wider conceptKCF.JK.AB (Laparoscopic cholecystectomy)The SNOMED concept encompasses two combined procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus exploration of the common bile duct) performed with robotic assistance, whereas the best single ICHI code covers only the laparoscopic cholecystectomy component; a more complete representation would require combining KCF.JK.AB with KCM.AE.AB and the extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), but no single ICHI code captures the full SNOMED concept, making KCF.JK.AB the primary — and wider — match.
1137372009 (Robot assisted laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy)maps to wider conceptKCF.JJ.AB (Laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy)KCF.JJ.AB covers laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy but does not encode the robotic assistance modality; robotic assistance can be appended as the extension code XG5Z48, but the base code alone is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically robot-assisted.
708878003 (Robot assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JL.AB (Laparoscopic radical abdominal hysterectomy)NME.JL.AB matches on laparoscopic radical hysterectomy but does not encode the robotic assistance; the ICHI extension XG5Z48 ("With robotic assistance") can be appended, but the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted technique.
836436008 (Robotic assisted bilateral simple mastectomy)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)LCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy) is the closest available code but is broader in two ways — it does not specify bilateral extent (which would require a laterality extension) nor robotic assistance (XG5Z48 extension); ICHI has no dedicated bilateral simple mastectomy code.
406919003 (Romanowsky stain method)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)ICHI does not classify individual staining techniques (Romanowsky, Giemsa, Wright, etc.) as distinct codes; XG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination) is the closest assignable code since Romanowsky staining is the standard method used for peripheral blood film examination, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses the whole examination rather than the staining technique alone.
373620007 (Romberg test)maps to wider conceptAVC.AC.ZZ (Test of proprioception)The Romberg test is a standardised clinical test of proprioceptive function (assessing whether the patient can maintain balance with eyes closed and feet together), which maps well to AVC.AC.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any test of proprioception rather than the specific Romberg manoeuvre.
263860006 (Roof top incision)maps to wider conceptPAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy)A roof top (bilateral subcostal / chevron) incision is a specific surgical approach to open the abdomen, making PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy — open incision of the abdomen) the best available match; ICHI does not distinguish individual laparotomy incision types (midline, subcostal, chevron), so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
178932007 (Rotational osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)No site-specific rotational osteotomy code exists in ICHI, and ICHI does not distinguish rotational from other osteotomy subtypes. MRB.FA.AA captures the procedure type (osteotomy) at an unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a specific rotational technique at a particular bone.
178151000 (Sacrifice of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.JJ.AA (Tenonectomy of unspecified site)Tenonectomy (excision of a tendon) corresponds directly to the concept of sacrificing a tendon surgically, and the unspecified-site code matches since the SNOMED concept is not anatomically specific. The ICHI code is slightly wider in that "tenonectomy" can include partial excision, whereas "sacrifice" implies the full tendon is removed as non-repairable.
67721000 (Sacroiliac arthrodesis)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LE.AA (Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has specific arthrodesis codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and foot, but no code specifically for the sacroiliac joint; the pelvic joint block (MKJ) also lacks an arthrodesis code. MRJ.LE.AA correctly encodes the action (arthrodesis) but loses the sacroiliac specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
425599008 (Safe disposal of sharp device education)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)The SNOMED concept is a specific educational intervention about safe disposal of sharp devices (a patient/carer safety behaviour), which fits squarely within ICHI's safety-related behaviours education axis. No ICHI code exists for sharps disposal specifically, so the unspecified safety-behaviours education code (VC1.PM.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is broader — covering all unspecified safety-related behaviours rather than sharps disposal alone.
710977001 (Safe storage and management of medication)maps to wider conceptUAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications)The SNOMED concept describes a practical intervention focused on the safe storage and handling of medications — most closely aligned with ICHI's "Practical support with medications" (UAC.RB.ZZ) under the medicaments block. UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is also present but the SNOMED concept is operational/management-oriented rather than purely educational; UAC.RB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses all practical medication support, not just safe storage and management.
311678008 (Safe swallow technique)maps to wider conceptKTC.PH.ZZ (Training about swallowing)Teaching a patient a specific safe swallow technique is best captured by ICHI's "Training about swallowing" (KTC.PH.ZZ), which sits within the dedicated "Interventions on swallowing" block (BlockL5-KTC). This is wider because KTC.PH.ZZ covers swallowing training generally, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to instruction in a compensatory/safe swallowing technique (a dysphagia rehabilitation method).
385870001 (Safety precautions education)maps to wider conceptVC1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)"Safety precautions education" is a generic patient education intervention targeting safety behaviours, which maps directly to ICHI's education axis within the safety-related behaviours block (VC1.PM.ZZ). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all unspecified safety-related behaviours rather than the specific safety precautions context implied by the SNOMED concept.
385871002 (Safety precautions management)maps to wider conceptVC1.PH.ZZ (Training to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified)"Safety precautions management" implies active instruction and skill-building in safety practices (beyond mere information-giving), which aligns better with the training/skill-building action axis (PH) than education (PM) within the safety-related behaviours block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers unspecified safety-related training broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept implies a coordinated management plan around safety precautions.
391110004 (Salbutamol reversibility)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)Salbutamol reversibility testing is a specific bronchodilator challenge within pulmonary function testing (spirometry before and after salbutamol), which falls squarely within "Test of respiration function" (JTB.AC.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any respiratory function test, not specifically post-bronchodilator reversibility measurement.
252214005 (Saline suppression test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The saline suppression test is a dynamic endocrine function assessment performed to confirm primary aldosteronism (excess aldosterone from adrenal glands), making "Assessment of endocrine gland functions" the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all endocrine gland function assessments rather than this specific mineralocorticoid suppression protocol.
265338000 (Salivary apparatus operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)"Salivary apparatus operation" is a generic/unspecified surgical concept covering any operation on the salivary glands or ducts, which aligns best with the ICHI block "Interventions on salivary gland" (BlockL5-KAM). A block code is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a category-level grouper with no single specific procedure implied, and no single assignable ICHI category covers all salivary apparatus operations collectively.
107962005 (Salivary gland manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-KAM (Interventions on salivary gland)ICHI has no specific code for manual manipulation (massage/expression) of the salivary gland; the block "Interventions on salivary gland" (BlockL5-KAM) is the closest grouping, covering all interventions on this structure, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. A block code is used as no assignable category matches the meaning of gland manipulation.
171127000 (Salter operation)maps to wider conceptMKB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of pelvis)The Salter operation is a specific innominate (pelvic) osteotomy for correcting hip dysplasia; ICHI has "Osteotomy of pelvis" (MKB.FA.AA) which covers this procedure but is broader, encompassing all types of pelvic osteotomy without specifying the Salter technique or hip dysplasia indication.
168186002 (Sample - microbiological exam)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)This SNOMED concept refers to collecting a sample for microbiological examination from an unspecified site; ICHI's "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the best fit but is broader, covering specimen collection of any type and purpose rather than specifically microbiological samples.
269936001 (Sample bacteriology general)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specific to bacteriology specimen collection; "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the closest match but is wider in scope, as it covers all unspecified specimen collection regardless of the microbiological purpose (bacterial culture specifically).
168214001 (Sample mycology general)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to mycology (fungal) specimen collection; "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is broader, encompassing all unspecified specimen collection without any specificity to fungal/mycological purpose.
446341008 (Sampling of fetal blood and biopsy of fetus)maps to wider conceptNMR.AD.AD (Biopsy of fetal structures)The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining fetal blood sampling and fetal tissue biopsy; NMR.AD.AD covers biopsy of fetal structures but does not explicitly capture the blood sampling component, making the ICHI code broader than either individual element and unable to represent the combined procedure fully. No dedicated fetal blood sampling code (cordocentesis/PUBS) exists in ICHI, and NMR.AD.AD is the closest single code to the biopsy portion.
178298000 (Sampling of para-aortic lymph nodes)maps to wider conceptDFF.AD.AA (Biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node)Para-aortic (retroperitoneal) lymph nodes are located in the abdominal region, and DFF.AD.AA covers biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph nodes as a group; ICHI has no code specific to para-aortic nodes, so this code is wider in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept.
235292006 (Santulli enterostomy)maps to wider conceptKBK.LB.AA (Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The Santulli enterostomy is a specific side-to-end small bowel anastomosis with a proximal stoma, a technique not individually represented in ICHI. KBK.LB.AA (anastomosis of small intestine, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it covers all small intestinal anastomoses regardless of technique.
68413005 (Saphenopopliteal vein anastomosis)maps to wider conceptIFD.LI.AA (Bypass of vein of lower limb)ICHI has no dedicated saphenopopliteal anastomosis code; the saphenous and popliteal veins are both veins of the lower limb, so IFD.LI.AA is the most specific available match. It is wider because it covers any lower-limb venous bypass, not specifically a saphenopopliteal anastomosis.
1287737006 (Sarilumab therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Sarilumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist (monoclonal antibody) administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection; ICHI has no drug-specific code for sarilumab or IL-6 inhibitors. DTB.DB.AE captures the route and agent class (immunological agent, percutaneous) and is the best available fit, though it is broader than the specific biologic therapy.
436891000124107 (Saturated fat modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ captures the act of modifying food/diet as an intervention on food (UAB target), which aligns with the concept of a therapeutically prescribed modified diet; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the specific macronutrient component (saturated fat) being restricted, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.
315188003 (Saturation of iron binding capacity)maps to wider conceptXG5R95 (Iron studies)XG5R95 "Iron studies" is the closest ICHI match — it is an essential laboratory test extension code covering the panel of iron-related measurements, of which transferrin saturation/TIBC is one component; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses the full panel rather than this specific calculated parameter.
10281002 (Scalenectomy)maps to wider conceptMAM.JK.AA (Excision of muscle of head or neck)Scalenectomy is the specific excision of a scalene muscle (a neck muscle), which falls squarely within the ICHI category for excision of muscle of head or neck. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any muscle of the head or neck, not only the scalene.
27695006 (Scarification of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva)Scarification of the conjunctiva involves intentional superficial abrasion or scoring of conjunctival tissue, which most closely aligns with destruction of conjunctival tissue in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all modalities of conjunctival tissue destruction, not just mechanical scarification.
84146007 (Schilling test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The Schilling test measures vitamin B12 absorption via the gastrointestinal tract (specifically ileal absorption mediated by intrinsic factor), making it functionally a test of digestive system function; the ICHI code is considerably broader, covering all unspecified digestive function tests, and no dedicated code for vitamin B12 absorption testing or radiolabelled tracer gastrointestinal tests exists in ICHI.
716035006 (Scintimammography for malignant neoplasm screening)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging of breast)LCA.BA.BE captures the nuclear/radionuclide imaging modality applied to the breast, which is exactly what scintimammography (sestamibi/MIBI breast scan) is. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the screening indication (malignant neoplasm) that is intrinsic to the SNOMED concept.
1746005 (Scleral buckling with implant)maps to wider conceptBCB.ML.AA (Reinforcement of sclera)Scleral buckling with implant is a retinal detachment repair technique in which a silicone band or explant is sutured around the sclera to indent and reinforce it; BCB.ML.AA "Reinforcement of sclera" captures this scleral-reinforcement action. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the retinal detachment indication, the implant device detail, or the buckling-specific technique.
788730006 (Scraping of granulation tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated "granulation tissue scraping" code; debridement (action JG) is the closest functional equivalent to scraping/curetting granulation tissue, and the without-incision means (AH) fits the surface scraping nature of the procedure. The NEC/residual LZZ target is used because granulation tissue is not site-specific in this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any skin/subcutaneous debridement without incision.
237398006 (Scraping of nipple)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AA (Biopsy of breast)ICHI has no specific code for nipple scraping or nipple cytology specimen collection; scraping of the nipple is a surface cytology technique (analogous to a smear) to investigate nipple discharge or lesions, and the closest available code is biopsy of breast (LCA.AD.AA), which is broader in target (breast vs. nipple specifically) and implies a more invasive tissue collection technique than surface scraping.
300007000 (Screening for cardiovascular system disease)maps to wider conceptHT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the cardiovascular system broadly, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a cardiovascular disease screening programme; however, the ICHI code is framed around functional testing rather than disease-oriented population screening, making it broader in scope than the specific SNOMED concept of screening for cardiovascular disease.
700230007 (Screening for child sexual abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)ICHI groups child sexual abuse under family and partner violence behaviours (VBB), and VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment) is the closest available code; however, "family and partner violence" is broader than child sexual abuse specifically, and there is no dedicated child sexual abuse or child abuse block in ICHI.
866150003 (Screening for developmental disorder)maps to wider conceptETM.AA.ZZ (Assessment of growth and development)ETM.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of growth and development under the endocrine/metabolic functions block; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all growth and development assessment rather than screening specifically for developmental disorders, and ICHI has no dedicated developmental disorder screening code.
439320000 (Screening for drug of abuse in meconium)maps to wider conceptVAC.AC.ZZ (Test of illicit drug use behaviours)VAC.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for testing related to illicit drug use; it does not capture the specific specimen type (meconium) or the neonatal/in-utero exposure context of the SNOMED concept, making it broader, and ICHI has no dedicated code for meconium drug testing or neonatal toxicology screening.
710076008 (Screening for hearing loss)maps to wider conceptCTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions)CTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of hearing functions broadly, which aligns well with a hearing loss screen, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "screening" concept — the action "AC" (Test) is the closest functional equivalent, and the code covers all hearing function testing rather than screening specifically for loss.
762445000 (Screening for hematological disorder)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)DTA.AC.ZZ targets the haematological system function and uses the "AC" (Test) action axis, making it the closest available ICHI concept for haematological disorder screening; however, ICHI frames it as functional testing rather than disorder-oriented screening, making it broader in scope.
762446004 (Screening for immune disorder)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)DTB.AC.ZZ maps to testing of immunological system functions, which is the best available ICHI equivalent for immunological disorder screening; the ICHI code is broader as it addresses functional testing in general rather than disorder-specific screening.
1285610002 (Screening for intimate partner abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)VBB.AA.ZZ sits within the "Interventions on family and partner violence behaviours" block and uses the "AA" (Assessment) action axis, making it semantically close to screening for intimate partner abuse; it is wider because it covers the full family and partner violence domain, not solely intimate partner abuse specifically.
300005008 (Screening for mental disorders)maps to wider conceptAS1.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions, unspecified)AS1.AC.ZZ is the broadest mental functions testing code in ICHI, spanning unspecified mental functions, which approximates a general mental disorder screen; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish disorder-oriented screening from other forms of mental function testing, and "unspecified" encompasses the full mental functions domain.
1148754001 (Screening for neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no dedicated neoplasm or cancer screening code — the concept maps most plausibly to the general health assessment category under the "whole person" block, which is considerably broader than screening specifically for neoplasms. A narrower or equivalent ICHI code does not exist in the classification.
700227000 (Screening for non-accidental injury to child)maps to wider conceptVBB.AC.ZZ (Test of family and partner violence behaviours)Non-accidental injury to a child is a form of family violence/maltreatment, and the ICHI VBB block (family and partner violence behaviours) is the most specific available match; however, VBB.AC.ZZ covers all family and partner violence including adult domestic violence, making it broader than the child-specific SNOMED concept.
370853001 (Screening for physical abuse)maps to wider conceptVBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)"Physical abuse" encompasses partner, family, and other perpetrators, while VBB.AA.ZZ is scoped specifically to family and partner violence; the closest available ICHI code addresses the overlapping domain of assessing family/partner violence, but no code exists for physical abuse screening as a standalone clinical act, so wider is assigned because the ICHI code also covers non-screening assessments.
300008005 (Screening for rheumatoid conditions)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for screening of rheumatoid or inflammatory joint conditions; the closest available code covers assessment of the entire musculoskeletal system as a residual category, which is substantially broader than screening for rheumatoid conditions specifically.
392531000119105 (Screening mammography of left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BA (Mammography)LCA.BA.BA covers mammography of the breast without specifying laterality or screening intent; the SNOMED concept adds both left-side specificity (which could be captured by a laterality extension code) and the explicit screening context, making the base ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
392521000119107 (Screening mammography of right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BA (Mammography)As with the left-breast concept, LCA.BA.BA represents mammography without specifying laterality or screening purpose; the ICHI code is broader, and right-side laterality would require an extension code not captured in the base code.
120027005 (Scrotum destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNGG.GA.AH (Destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum)The ICHI code captures destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not specify the means (AH = "without incision / not elsewhere classified"), so it is somewhat broader than a specific destructive technique. The SNOMED concept is also a category-level grouper rather than a single precise procedure, making this the best available match.
711445004 (Second stage attachment of fixture for nasal prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)A nasal prosthesis fixture is a craniofacial osseointegrated implant anchored into skull bone; MAA.DN.AA is the closest structural match in ICHI. It is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the nasal prosthesis indication, the staged nature of the procedure, or the specific craniofacial site.
306913003 (Second stage bone anchored hearing aid procedure)maps to wider conceptMAA.DN.AA (Implantation of device into skull)A bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) fixture is osseointegrated into the temporal/skull bone; MAA.DN.AA is the closest structural match, capturing the implantation of a device into skull. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for BAHA implantation, the staged procedure, or the auditory function purpose, making this mapping broader than the SNOMED concept.
171856003 (Secondary neurolysis and transposition of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.LJ.AA (Transposition of peripheral nerve)The SNOMED concept describes a combined secondary (revision) neurolysis and transposition of a peripheral nerve; ACA.LJ.AA covers transposition of peripheral nerve and is the dominant surgical component. ICHI is broader because it does not capture the neurolysis element or the secondary/revision nature of the procedure, and no single ICHI code encodes all three aspects together.
179058004 (Secondary open reduction of fracture of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)ICHI captures open reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, matching the procedure type and approach but not encoding the "secondary" (revision/repeat) timing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the body site is also unspecified in ICHI rather than fractured bone specifically.
404674004 (Secondary piggyback lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)ICHI's lens insertion code covers IOL implantation but does not distinguish a "piggyback" technique (supplemental IOL implanted over an existing IOL) nor the "secondary" (staged/revision) nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
179654001 (Secondary reduction of traumatic dislocation of joint)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)ICHI provides open reduction of an unspecified joint, which matches the target (joint, unspecified site) and reduction action, but does not capture the "traumatic dislocation" indication, the "secondary" timing, or whether the approach is open versus closed.
179760007 (Secondary repair of ligament)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no ligament-at-unspecified-site repair code (the ligament-specific repair codes are all site-specific); the best available is repair of soft tissue at unspecified site, which is broader than ligament and also does not capture the "secondary" qualifier.
178179006 (Secondary repair of tendon using graft)maps to wider conceptMRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)The ML action axis (reconstruction) covers graft-based tendon repair better than the direct repair code (MK), and the unspecified-site target matches the SNOMED concept's lack of body-site specificity; however, the "secondary" timing qualifier and explicit "using graft" means are not encoded separately in ICHI.
45474001 (Secondary rhinoplasty, major revision)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)ICHI JAA.ML.AA covers any reconstruction of the nose without distinguishing primary from secondary surgery or the degree of revision; the SNOMED concept is more specific in denoting a secondary (revision) rhinoplasty with major scope, so the ICHI code is broader.
72009003 (Secondary rhinoplasty, minor revision)maps to wider conceptJAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)As with the major-revision counterpart, ICHI JAA.ML.AA is the only nose reconstruction code available and does not capture the secondary/revision nature or the minor extent of the procedure, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
252261006 (Secretin cerulin test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The secretin-cerulin test is a specific pancreatic exocrine stimulation test; ICHI has no dedicated code for secretin-based provocation tests and KT2.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable catch-all test code for digestive system functions, making it considerably broader than this specific diagnostic procedure.
252259002 (Secretin cholecystokinin test)maps to wider conceptKT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)The secretin-cholecystokinin test is a specific pancreatic exocrine and biliary stimulation test; like its cerulin counterpart it has no dedicated ICHI code, and KT2.AC.ZZ is the best available catch-all code for testing digestive system functions, covering a much broader category than this specific procedure.
429376001 (Selective denervation of peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI captures destruction (ablation) of the peripheral nerve, which covers the procedural intent of denervation, but does not encode the "selective" qualifier (targeting specific branches while sparing others), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1351658006 (Selective laser trabeculoplasty of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)The trabecular meshwork is located in the drainage angle of the anterior chamber, so ICHI's destruction of anterior chamber of eye is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any destruction modality and the entire anterior chamber — and does not capture the laser technique, the trabecular meshwork specificity, or the left-eye laterality.
1351659003 (Selective laser trabeculoplasty of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)Identical reasoning to the left-eye concept — the trabecular meshwork sits within the anterior chamber angle, making BBE.GA.AH the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader in target (full anterior chamber), modality (any destruction, not specifically laser), and does not encode laterality.
437221000124106 (Selenium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food generally (as an environmental/product intervention), which encompasses a selenium-restricted or selenium-enriched diet, but is considerably broader — it applies to any food modification regardless of nutrient or purpose. No ICHI code exists for specific micronutrient-targeted dietary modification.
225425006 (Self-administration of medication)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)PZA.DB.AZ captures the act of administering pharmacotherapy without specifying route, which aligns with medication administration, but ICHI does not differentiate self-administration by the patient from clinician-administered treatment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
290043008 (Self-care practice)maps to wider conceptSM1.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of self care, unspecified)SM1.RA.ZZ represents the action of performing self-care tasks, which is the closest match to the SNOMED concept of "self-care practice" as an activity carried out by or with a person. ICHI's code is slightly broader because it covers any self-care task performance without the specific "practice" (habitual/repeated) nuance of the SNOMED term.
439903005 (Self-monitoring of alcohol intake)maps to wider conceptVAA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of alcohol use behaviours)VAA.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any systematic appraisal of alcohol consumption, which encompasses self-monitoring. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers clinician-led or third-party assessment of alcohol use behaviours as well, whereas the SNOMED term specifically denotes patient-initiated self-monitoring of their own intake.
311615004 (Semantic enhancement strategies)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Semantic enhancement strategies are a specific aphasia-rehabilitation technique targeting meaning-based language processing; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of language mental functions broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to this technique. No more specific ICHI code exists for this intervention.
104141003 (Semi-quantitative measurement of total hemoglobin in blood specimen)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)ICHI lacks analyte-specific laboratory measurement codes; DTA.AB.ZZ is the broadest applicable code, covering measurement of haematological system functions, which subsumes hemoglobin measurement but also applies to any other haematological parameter.
30393002 (Semicircular-subarachnoid shunt)maps to wider conceptCCA.LI.AA (Endolymphatic shunt)A semicircular-subarachnoid shunt connects the inner ear (semicircular canal) to the subarachnoid space and is a specific type of inner ear shunting procedure; CCA.LI.AA covers endolymphatic shunting in the inner ear more broadly and is the closest available ICHI code.
120028000 (Seminal vesicle destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of both the prostate and seminal vesicle jointly, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a destructive procedure on the seminal vesicle alone; no seminal-vesicle-only destruction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match at a broader scope.
229512008 (Sensory stimulation using brushing)maps to wider conceptAUE.SC.ZZ (Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions)AUE.SC.ZZ captures sensory stimulation directed at perceptual functions as a rehabilitation intervention, which aligns with the clinical intent of brushing as a sensory stimulation technique; however, it is broader as it does not specify the means (brushing) used to deliver the stimulus.
229514009 (Sensory stimulation using ice stroking)maps to wider conceptAUE.SC.ZZ (Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions)AUE.SC.ZZ is the same best-fit code as for brushing — ICHI captures sensory stimulation for perceptual functions generically without distinguishing the specific modality (thermal/ice stroking vs. tactile brushing), making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
229513003 (Sensory stimulation using tapping)maps to wider conceptAVD.SC.ZZ (Stimulation of touch functions)Tapping is a tactile/cutaneous sensory stimulation technique targeting the touch (mechanoreceptor) system. AVD.SC.ZZ — "Stimulation of touch functions" — captures the core action and target axis well, but is broader as it does not specify tapping as the means (means axis is ZZ = unspecified).
229517002 (Sensory stimulation using vibration)maps to wider conceptAVD.SC.ZZ (Stimulation of touch functions)Vibration applied to the skin and underlying tissues is a tactile/somatosensory stimulation modality; AVD.SC.ZZ covers stimulation of touch functions but does not specify vibration as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229516006 (Sensory stimulation using visual awareness)maps to wider conceptAUE.SC.ZZ (Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions)Visual awareness techniques are a form of sensory stimulation aimed at perceptual and cognitive rehabilitation; AUE.SC.ZZ explicitly names "sensory stimulation for perceptual functions" and sits under the perceptual functions block, making it a close but broader match since it encompasses all sensory modalities used for perceptual stimulation, not only visual.
80314008 (Sensory testing)maps to wider conceptAV2.AC.ZZ (Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)"Sensory testing" is a general clinical procedure assessing the integrity of sensory pathways (touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, vibration). AV2.AC.ZZ — "Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified" — is the broadest residual test code under the sensory functions block, covering multi-modal or unspecified sensory testing and thus being wider than the SNOMED concept which, while also general, maps to an NEC/residual ICHI category that does not enumerate the full scope.
176625008 (Separation of labial adhesions)maps to wider conceptNMI.FC.AA (Release of vulva)NMI.FC.AA uses the "release" (FC) action on the vulva target, which in ICHI corresponds to lysis or separation of adhesions and aligns well with the procedure intent. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers any release procedure on the vulva, not exclusively adhesiolysis of the labia.
871498004 (Sequential anastomosis of free right internal thoracic artery to coronary artery)maps to wider conceptHIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass)HIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass) is the correct procedural family but is considerably broader — it does not capture the specific conduit (right internal thoracic artery), the free (non-pedicled) harvesting technique, or the sequential (multi-vessel side-to-side) anastomosis configuration described in the SNOMED concept.
9693008 (Sequestrectomy of vertebra)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JG.AA (Debridement of spine, not elsewhere classified)Sequestrectomy is the surgical removal of a sequestrum (fragment of necrotic bone), which is a specific form of debridement. MBZ.JG.AA covers debridement of the spine NEC broadly — it encompasses but is not limited to the specific act of sequestrum removal, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
425707001 (Serial drainage of amniotic fluid)maps to wider conceptNMM.JB.ZZ (Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume, not elsewhere classified)NMM.JB.ZZ covers drainage of the amniotic sac to reduce fluid volume, which is the correct clinical target and action; however it does not capture the "serial" (repeated) nature of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader in that the SNOMED concept is a more specific form of this intervention.
390755008 (Serologic test for Varicella-zoster virus)maps to wider conceptDTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)ICHI has no specific code for a serologic test targeting varicella-zoster virus; the closest match is "Test of functions of the immunological system" (DTB.AC.ZZ), which covers immunological testing including serology but is far broader, encompassing all immunological function tests regardless of pathogen or method.
275707000 (Serum blood tests)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)"Serum blood tests" is a broad grouping concept for tests performed on serum; the best available ICHI code is "Test of functions of the haematological system" (DTA.AC.ZZ), which covers haematological testing but is still broader than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses all haematological function tests and is not limited to serum-based assays.
866146005 (Serum metabolic panel)maps to wider conceptXG9LX4 (Comprehensive metabolic panel)ICHI has both "Basic metabolic panel" (XG2VK6) and "Comprehensive metabolic panel" (XG9LX4); the SNOMED term "Serum metabolic panel" does not specify basic vs. comprehensive, but the comprehensive panel is the broader of the two and better represents an unspecified metabolic panel. XG9LX4 is still somewhat broader than the specific SNOMED concept since the exact scope of "serum metabolic panel" is ambiguous.
1254998008 (Sesame free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)ICHI has no code for a sesame-specific elimination diet; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification, under the "Interventions on food" block) is the broadest applicable code that encompasses dietary exclusion interventions, but it covers all types of food modification and is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept of a sesame-free diet.
408925007 (Sexual behavior analysis)maps to wider conceptVEF.AC.ZZ (Test of sexual behaviours)"Sexual behavior analysis" maps well to VEF.AC.ZZ (Test of sexual behaviours), which covers formal assessment/testing of sexual behaviour patterns. ICHI's code is slightly broader as "test" encompasses various forms of behavioural assessment and analysis under the sexual behaviours domain, making it a wider match relative to the more specific analytical framing of the SNOMED concept.
63386006 (Sexual psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptNUA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for sexual functions)"Sexual psychotherapy" is a specific modality addressing sexual dysfunction and is best represented by NUA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for sexual functions), which targets the body function domain of sexual functions. A secondary candidate is VEF.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for sexual behaviours), but sexual psychotherapy in clinical use primarily addresses functional disorders rather than behavioural change, making NUA.PQ.ZZ the better fit; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it does not restrict to any particular psychotherapeutic technique.
386468009 (Sexuality education)maps to wider conceptVEF.PM.ZZ (Education to influence sexual behaviours)VEF.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at influencing sexual behaviours broadly, which encompasses sexuality education. However, ICHI's framing is behaviour-change oriented and potentially broader than the informational/educational scope of "sexuality education" as a standalone instructional intervention.
416898003 (Shaken babies syndrome education)maps to wider conceptVBB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours)Shaken baby syndrome education is a specific educational intervention aimed at preventing a form of inflicted infant injury, which falls within the family and partner violence behaviour domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all family/partner violence education, not just shaken baby prevention specifically.
252236008 (Sham feeding test)maps to wider conceptKTB.AC.ZZ (Test of ingestion functions)A sham feeding test assesses the cephalic-phase response and gut secretory activity by having a patient chew and spit food without swallowing, making it a functional test of ingestion. KTB.AC.ZZ (Test of ingestion functions) is the closest available code, though it is broader as it does not specify the sham/esophagostomy variant of the procedure.
1290175001 (Shared antenatal care)maps to wider conceptNUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)Shared antenatal care involves the monitoring and management of pregnancy by a combination of providers (e.g., GP and obstetrician), which aligns most closely with pregnancy monitoring in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the "shared/collaborative" care delivery model that is the defining feature of this SNOMED concept.
720026005 (Shared care prescribing of drugs)maps to wider conceptPZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)PZX.TI.ZZ covers pharmacotherapy prescription generally, which encompasses the prescribing act in shared care. However, ICHI does not distinguish the "shared care" (multi-provider collaborative) aspect, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
72342005 (Shave biopsy)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)A shave biopsy is a superficial tangential excision of skin tissue, most closely matching percutaneous biopsy of skin (action AD = sample/biopsy, means AE = percutaneous). ICHI does not encode the specific shave technique, and the NEC code is the best available fit, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
439534001 (Shaving of peritoneal dialysis catheter cuff)maps to wider conceptKMA.SN.AH (Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity)Shaving the cuff of a peritoneal dialysis catheter is a specific maintenance procedure on an implanted device in the peritoneal cavity; the closest ICHI code is management of internal device of peritoneal cavity, which captures the device maintenance concept but is broader as it encompasses any management activity, not specifically cuff shaving.
1255225003 (Sheep milk free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A sheep milk free diet is a specific dietary elimination intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI concept covering intentional changes to food intake, but it is considerably broader and does not specify the exclusion of sheep milk or any allergen avoidance diet.
1255002008 (Shellfish free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no specific code for shellfish-free or allergen-exclusion diets; "Prescription of food" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the closest category under "Interventions on food," as it captures the clinical act of prescribing a specific dietary regimen, but it is broader than the specific shellfish-free restriction encoded in the SNOMED concept.
35581008 (Sheltered employment)maps to wider conceptSU2.RF.ZZ (Providing opportunities for engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sheltered employment as a protected/supported work arrangement for people with disabilities; "Providing opportunities for engaging in work and employment, NEC" (SU2.RF.ZZ) is the closest match, capturing the facilitation of work participation, but it is broader and not specific to the sheltered/protected employment model.
439822002 (Shiatsu)maps to wider conceptPZX.SB.AH (Acupressure, not elsewhere classified)Shiatsu is a Japanese manual therapy technique rooted in the same tradition as acupressure — applying finger pressure to specific body points — and ICHI's "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified" (PZX.SB.AH) is the closest available code; it is slightly wider because acupressure is a broader category that encompasses shiatsu but also other acupressure modalities.
169629000 (Short stay delivery booking)maps to wider conceptNUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning)"Short stay delivery booking" is a specific administrative/clinical act of arranging a brief inpatient delivery stay, which most closely maps to ICHI's "Birth planning" (NUG.TB.ZZ) under interventions on functions related to childbirth; however, birth planning is a broader concept that encompasses all aspects of planning for delivery, not specifically the short-stay booking arrangement.
304393007 (Short wave diathermy to face)maps to wider conceptMRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)Short wave diathermy is a deep-heating (hyperthermy) modality using high-frequency electromagnetic waves; MRM.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy of muscle by heat) is the closest ICHI match but covers muscle at unspecified site, so it does not capture the face specificity.
304396004 (Short wave diathermy to lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the lower limb specificity.
304394001 (Short wave diathermy to neck)maps to wider conceptMRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the neck specificity.
304395000 (Short wave diathermy to trunk)maps to wider conceptMRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the trunk specificity.
304392002 (Short wave diathermy to upper limb)maps to wider conceptMRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the upper limb specificity.
20597007 (Shortening of bone of tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures of tibia or fibula)MNB.LL.AA covers tibia and fibula together, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia only; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
62084009 (Shortening of bone of ulna)maps to wider conceptMFB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures on bone of forearm)MFB.LL.AA covers all bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the ulna; no ulna-specific shortening code exists in ICHI.
18242003 (Shortening of eyelid margin)maps to wider conceptBAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid)ICHI has no dedicated code for eyelid margin shortening (e.g., pentagonal wedge resection); BAA.MK.AA is the closest available code but encompasses all eyelid repair procedures.
448856000 (Shortening of metatarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMOB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedure of bone of foot or toe)ICHI has no dedicated code for metatarsal-specific shortening; MOB.LL.AA covers limb shortening for any bone of the foot or toe, broader than the SNOMED concept.
47470009 (Shortening of sclera for repair of retinal detachment)maps to wider conceptBCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)BCB.MK.AA covers any repair of the sclera, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes scleral shortening (a buckling-type procedure) for retinal detachment; the ICHI code is broader, not capturing the technique or indication.
232748001 (Shortening operation on mitral papillary muscle)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDF.MK.AA explicitly covers the mitral valve and subvalvar apparatus (which includes papillary muscles) but does not specify the shortening technique or restrict to the papillary muscle alone.
232786005 (Shortening operation on tricuspid papillary muscle)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)The SNOMED concept specifies a shortening procedure on the tricuspid papillary muscle (a subvalvar structure), while ICHI's code covers repair of the entire tricuspid valve/subvalvar apparatus without specifying the technique or exact subvalvar component.
232896008 (Shortening plasty to atrioventricular valve chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)The SNOMED concept covers shortening plasty to chordae tendineae of any AV valve (mitral and tricuspid); HDH.MK.AA is selected as the best single code but is a wider partial match since neither HDH nor HDF alone captures the full breadth.
232755004 (Shortening plasty to mitral chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)The SNOMED concept specifies shortening plasty directed at mitral chordae tendineae; HDF.MK.AA covers mitral valve/subvalvar repair broadly without distinguishing technique or limiting to chordae.
232794003 (Shortening plasty to tricuspid chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDH.MK.AA (Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus)The SNOMED concept identifies shortening plasty targeting the tricuspid chordae tendineae; the ICHI code encompasses repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus broadly, without specifying the technique or chordal subcomponent.
119623002 (Shoulder incision)maps to wider conceptMDJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of shoulder joint)"Shoulder incision" is a broad grouper encompassing any surgical incision into shoulder structures; MDJ.FA.AA specifically denotes arthrotomy, the most clinically representative match, but covers only the joint compartment.
119633005 (Shoulder reconstruction)maps to wider conceptMDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)"Shoulder reconstruction" implies restoring/rebuilding shoulder structures (potentially bones, tendons, joint), while MDJ.MK.AA covers repair of the shoulder joint specifically; ICHI lacks a dedicated reconstruction code.
232609005 (Shunt of cerebral ventricle to lumbar site)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunting in general without specifying the destination site; the SNOMED concept specifies a ventriculo-lumbar destination, making the ICHI code broader.
1231312008 (Sialendoscopic dilation of stenosis of salivary duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of salivary duct)KAM.LG.AA covers dilation of any salivary duct by any approach without specifying the endoscopic technique or the indication of stenosis.
450494002 (Sialendoscopic dilation of stenosis of submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of salivary duct)KAM.LG.AA covers salivary duct dilation generically and does not distinguish the submandibular gland or the endoscopic approach.
450497009 (Sialendoscopic laser lithotripsy of calculus of parotid gland)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA correctly targets the parotid gland and calculus removal but does not capture the specific technique (endoscopic laser lithotripsy via sialendoscope).
450498004 (Sialendoscopic laser lithotripsy of calculus of submandibular gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AD (Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AD captures the endoscopic approach and salivary calculus extraction (the closest fit for submandibular which lacks its own dedicated code) but does not specify laser lithotripsy.
450493008 (Sialendoscopic removal of calculus from submandibular gland using grasping forceps)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AD (Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AD covers the correct procedure type (endoscopic salivary calculus extraction) but does not specify the submandibular gland or the grasping forceps instrument.
450492003 (Sialendoscopic removal of calculus from submandibular gland using wire basket)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AD (Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AD matches the endoscopic salivary calculus extraction but does not distinguish the submandibular gland or wire basket instrument technique.
450495001 (Sialendoscopically assisted removal of calculus from parotid duct by extraoral approach)maps to wider conceptKAL.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus from parotid gland)KAL.JE.AA is the most specific ICHI code for parotid calculus extraction but does not capture the sialendoscopic assistance or the extraoral surgical approach.
450496000 (Sialendoscopically assisted removal of calculus from submandibular duct by intraoral approach)maps to wider conceptKAM.JE.AD (Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)KAM.JE.AD captures the endoscopic modality and salivary gland/duct target but does not distinguish the submandibular duct or intraoral approach detail.
431705007 (Sialodochoplasty using fluoroscopic guidance)maps to wider conceptKAM.MK.AA (Repair of salivary gland or duct)KAM.MK.AA captures the surgical repair of a salivary duct (sialodochoplasty) but does not encode fluoroscopic guidance; ICHI lacks a more specific salivary duct plasty code.
243117007 (Sibling support)maps to wider conceptSSJ.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for engaging in family relationships)ICHI has no specific code for sibling support; SSJ.RC.ZZ covers emotional support for family relationships broadly, the closest available match.
78795004 (Sign language training)maps to wider conceptSFJ.PH.ZZ (Training in producing messages in sign languages)"Sign language training" encompasses both producing and receiving sign language; SFJ.PH.ZZ covers only the expressive side, but is the most clinically representative single code for sign language training as a skill.
410357008 (Signs/symptoms-physical case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ represents case coordination for the whole person without specifying physical signs and symptoms as the focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
117041003 (Silver stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Silver staining is one specific histochemical technique within histopathology; XG30Q5 is the only ICHI extension code covering tissue-based microscopic examination but covers all histopathological methods, not silver staining specifically.
26792008 (Simple chemical destruction of lesion of penis)maps to wider conceptNGM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of penis)NGM.GA.AA covers destruction of a lesion of the penis but does not specify the chemical (caustic/topical agent) modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names the chemical means.
307105008 (Simple extraction of supernumerary tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)KAE.JE.AC captures the simple/closed (without incision) extraction approach, but ICHI does not distinguish supernumerary (extra) teeth from regular teeth, so the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding tooth type.
1269061009 (Simple mastectomy of left breast and prophylactic mastectomy of right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)LCA.JK.AA represents a total/simple mastectomy of one breast and does not encode the bilateral nature, laterality, or distinction between therapeutic and prophylactic intent expressed in the SNOMED concept.
1268980002 (Simple mastectomy of right breast and prophylactic mastectomy of left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy)LCA.JK.AA covers single-breast total mastectomy and cannot capture the combined bilateral therapeutic + prophylactic procedure described by the SNOMED concept.
77556000 (Simple one stage distal hypospadias repair with meatal advancement)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction (the broader procedure class) but does not encode the hypospadias indication, distal/meatal location, or single-stage operative detail.
243765000 (Simultaneous sampling of bilateral inferior petrosal sinuses)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)ICHI lacks a dedicated code for selective inferior petrosal sinus sampling; DIA.AH.XA is the nearest available match but loses all specificity regarding the catheter-based bilateral petrosal sinus approach.
232657004 (Single lung transplant)maps to wider conceptJBF.KD.AA (Lung transplantation)JBF.KD.AA encodes lung transplantation at the category level without distinguishing single from bilateral, while the SNOMED concept specifies a unilateral procedure.
233569005 (Single period of cardiopulmonary bypass)maps to wider conceptPSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)PSA.DD.AF directly represents cardiopulmonary bypass but does not encode the qualifier "single period," making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
429781007 (Single photon emission computed tomography for dopamine transport)maps to wider conceptAAA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain)Dopamine transporter SPECT (e.g., DaTscan) is performed as brain SPECT, and AAA.BA.BF correctly identifies the modality and target organ but does not encode the specific tracer or dopaminergic functional purpose.
16554721000119102 (Single photon emission computed tomography for localization of inflammation)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no code specifically for SPECT used to localize inflammation; whole-body SPECT is the closest assignable code but does not capture the inflammation-localizing clinical purpose.
431191001 (Single photon emission computed tomography indium 111 leukocyte study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI does not encode radiolabelled leukocyte (In-111) specificity or the infective/inflammatory indication; whole-body SPECT is the best approximation but omits tracer identity and white-cell labelling methodology.
432630004 (Single photon emission computed tomography of bone)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI lacks a dedicated bone SPECT code — the musculoskeletal imaging block only includes X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound modalities; whole-body SPECT is the closest available fit.
431837001 (Single photon emission computed tomography of bone of head and neck)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)No ICHI code exists for SPECT restricted to the bones of the head and neck; the skull imaging block only includes X-ray, CT, and MRI, so the whole-body SPECT code is the closest available, though considerably broader in anatomical scope.
16548901000119104 (Single photon emission computed tomography of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the kidney)No dedicated SPECT-of-kidney code exists in ICHI; "Nuclear imaging study of the kidney" covers all radioisotope kidney imaging modalities, making it broader than the SPECT-specific SNOMED concept.
571921000119104 (Single photon emission computed tomography of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)No dedicated SPECT-of-liver code exists in ICHI; KCA.BA.BE encompasses all radioisotope liver imaging, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies SPECT in particular.
440466000 (Single photon emission computed tomography of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)No dedicated SPECT-of-lung code exists in ICHI; JBF.BA.BE is the only nuclear medicine imaging code for the lung and covers all radionuclide lung scans (including V/Q and SPECT), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429792008 (Single photon emission computed tomography of parathyroid)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE covers radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid (where SPECT is the standard technique used), but the BE means axis denotes radioisotope/radionuclide scan broadly, making it slightly broader than the modality-specific SNOMED concept.
442203000 (Single photon emission computed tomography of perfusion of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan)JBF.BA.BE is the standard ICHI code for radionuclide imaging of the lung but does not differentiate SPECT modality from planar scintigraphy nor specify perfusion as distinct from ventilation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both counts.
448046003 (Single photon emission computed tomography of sentinel lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFO.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of lymphatic vessel)DFO.BA.BF is the only ICHI code for SPECT of the lymphatic system, but its target is the lymphatic vessel rather than the sentinel lymph node specifically, making it broader in anatomical scope.
432116005 (Single photon emission computed tomography of tumor)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI lacks a tumor-targeted SPECT code; tumor SPECT is performed as a whole-body or region-based survey, and PZA.BA.BF is the closest available match but does not encode the pathological target (tumor).
16553961000119107 (Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body for localization of abscess)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)PZA.BA.BF matches the modality and whole-body target exactly, but does not encode the clinical purpose of abscess localization specified in the SNOMED concept.
432881007 (Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body using iodine 123)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI matches the modality (SPECT) and anatomical scope (whole body) exactly, but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iodine-123).
431890002 (Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body using iodine 131)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI captures the SPECT modality and whole-body scope precisely but subsumes multiple radiopharmaceuticals including iodine-131 without distinguishing them.
431350006 (Single photon emission computed tomography scintimammography)maps to wider conceptLCA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging of breast)LCA.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the breast (which encompasses scintimammography) but includes all nuclear breast imaging modalities, not only SPECT, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
429818002 (Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)Gallium SPECT scans are characteristically whole-body procedures and PZA.BA.BF is the best available match, but the ICHI code does not specify the gallium tracer.
429796006 (Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)I-123 MIBG SPECT is characteristically a whole-body survey procedure and PZA.BA.BF is the closest ICHI match; ICHI does not encode the specific MIBG radiopharmaceutical.
429797002 (Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI captures the SPECT modality precisely but has no code for MIBG-specific or neuroendocrine/adrenal-targeted SPECT; the whole-body code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies I-131 MIBG.
429800000 (Single photon emission computed tomography using radiolabeled octreotide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no code for octreotide (somatostatin receptor) scintigraphy or any neuroendocrine-targeted SPECT; the whole-body SPECT code matches the modality and survey nature but lacks any tracer or indication specificity.
431745003 (Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium (99m-Tc) exametazine labeled leucocytes)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)Tc-99m HMPAO-labelled leucocyte SPECT is a whole-body infection/inflammation survey; ICHI has no code for labelled white blood cell scanning, and the whole-body SPECT code is the closest match.
765353002 (Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium (99m-Tc) sulesomab)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)Tc-99m sulesomab (anti-granulocyte antibody fragment) SPECT is a whole-body infection scan; ICHI has no code for the specific antibody-based radiopharmaceutical, and the whole-body SPECT code is the best available match.
713562004 (Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium 99m with computed tomography of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers all radioisotope imaging of the thyroid regardless of modality (planar, SPECT, or SPECT/CT), making it broader in modality scope but the best available match for the thyroid target.
450438002 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no dedicated SPECT/CT hybrid code; PZA.BA.BF is the closest available match but is broader because the SNOMED concept is a generic modality (not body-site-specific) and the CT component of the hybrid acquisition is not captured.
713557000 (Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of neck using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)ICHI has no neck-specific SPECT code and no code encoding the radiopharmaceutical (octreotide/In-111); the whole-body SPECT code omits the anatomical focus and tracer detail, and the CT hybrid component is also not captured.
443561009 (Single photon emission using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine computed tomography with computed tomography of heart)maps to wider conceptHFD.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of myocardium)HFD.BA.BF is the only cardiac SPECT code in ICHI and correctly targets the myocardium, but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (I-123 MIBG) or the hybrid CT component.
79746006 (Single valve replacement with commissurotomy of another valve)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI codes valve procedures individually per valve and has no combination code encoding replacement of one valve simultaneously with commissurotomy of a second valve; the block BlockL4-HDE is the most appropriate anchor.
71743000 (Single valve replacement with commissurotomy of two valves)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HDE (Interventions on heart valves)ICHI has no combinatorial code for simultaneous replacement of one valve and commissurotomy of two others; BlockL4-HDE is the best available representation, broader because it encompasses all heart valve interventions without specifying the compound procedure.
410752000 (Sinusotomy by intranasal approach)maps to wider conceptJAE.FA.AA (Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified)JAE.FA.AA covers sinusotomy of a paranasal sinus NEC but does not specify the intranasal approach; no general intranasal-approach sinusotomy code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match.
38375002 (Sinusotomy, multiple)maps to wider conceptJAE.FA.AA (Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code for sinusotomy performed on multiple sinuses simultaneously; JAE.FA.AA is the closest single-sinus residual code and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies multiple-sinus involvement.
165099003 (Skeletomuscular dynometry)maps to wider conceptMUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of muscle power functions)Dynamometry maps closely to assessment of muscle power; MUB.AA.ZZ is slightly wider because it encompasses all assessment methods of muscle power, not only dynamometric measurement specifically.
225397006 (Skin assessment)maps to wider conceptLT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)LT2.AA.ZZ is framed around skin functions (protective, repair, sensory) rather than the structural/visual assessment of skin condition (integrity, colour, lesions) typically denoted by "skin assessment," but is the best available ICHI category.
274442008 (Skin blemish removal)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Skin blemish removal" refers to removal/destruction of superficial skin lesions (warts, moles, cosmetic blemishes); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify body site and encompasses non-cosmetic destruction. No site-unspecified surgical excision NEC code exists, so destruction NEC is the closest functional match.
410244002 (Skin care assessment)maps to wider conceptLT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)LT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI assessment code for skin and is broader because ICHI frames it as assessment of skin functions generally rather than care-focused assessment, with the NEC qualifier indicating no more specific match.
410245001 (Skin care education)maps to wider conceptLT2.PM.ZZ (Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's "Education about skin functions, NEC" represents patient/carer education targeting skin; coded wider because ICHI frames it as education about skin functions broadly rather than the practical care actions (hygiene, moisturising, protection) that "skin care education" typically covers.
228535001 (Skin care management)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-LAA (Interventions on the integumentary system)"Skin care management" is a broad nursing concept covering any care activity directed at skin; no single ICHI category captures this generality, so the highest applicable block is the best available match, though it encompasses all procedural sub-types (excision, grafting, destruction).
386439008 (Skin care: topical treatments)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.DB.AH captures externally applying a substance to skin, aligning with "topical treatments"; broader because it includes living organisms and does not restrict to therapeutic substances, while SNOMED also encompasses topical treatments not involving an externally applied substance (e.g., phototherapy).
288098004 (Skin chemosurgery)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Chemosurgery (Mohs/chemical destruction of skin lesions) achieves tissue destruction, matching the destruction action axis; LZZ.GA.AH is broader as it encompasses all destruction modalities (cryotherapy, laser, electrosurgery), and ICHI has no means code specific to chemical destruction.
711282006 (Skin condition care)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-LAA (Interventions on the integumentary system)No single ICHI assignable category captures the broad nursing-oriented concept of "skin condition care"; BlockL3-LAA is the most appropriate umbrella, though considerably broader, encompassing all integumentary interventions rather than care of skin conditions specifically.
108233001 (Skin examination procedure AND/OR treatment)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a disjunctive grouper covering either examination or treatment of skin, making it inherently broader than any single ICHI code; LZZ.AA.ZZ captures the examination pole, while the treatment dimension and AND/OR nature mean no single ICHI category is a precise fit.
50387000 (Skin fluorescence test by Wood's light)maps to wider conceptLT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for Wood's lamp / UV fluorescence examination; LT2.AC.ZZ covers tests of skin functions NEC and is the closest available match, but it is broader than the specific UV-A illumination diagnostic technique.
107901000 (Skin of extremity destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has destruction-of-skin codes for upper limb (LAE.GA.AH) and lower limb (LAG.GA.AH) separately, but SNOMED is generic for "extremity"; LZZ.GA.AH covers any unspecified skin site, broader but the best available match.
107897006 (Skin of extremity incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated incision code for extremity skin (LAE/LAG lack FA codes; only trunk has LAB.FA.AA), so LZZ.FA.AA is the best available code; wider because not constrained to the extremity.
119850009 (Skin of extremity repair)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has repair codes for upper limb (LAE.MK.AA) and lower limb (LAG.MK.AA) separately, but SNOMED is generic for "extremity"; LZZ.MK.AA best represents the unspecified-limb scope without falsely narrowing to one limb.
119852001 (Skin of extremity transposition)maps to wider conceptLZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)"Transposition" of skin (pedicled or free flap) aligns with the skin graft/reconstruction action; LZZ.ML.AA is used because "extremity" spans both upper and lower limbs which ICHI separates into distinct site blocks (LAE/LAG), making the NEC code the best single match.
119838003 (Skin of head destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.GA.AH directly matches destruction of skin of the head, but the ICHI target includes neck in addition to head, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to head only.
119830005 (Skin of head incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)No site-specific incision code for skin of head/neck exists in the LAA block (only trunk has LAB.FA.AA), so the NEC incision code LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match; broader as it does not specify the head as the target site.
119837008 (Skin of neck destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptLAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.GA.AH covers destruction of skin of head or neck (combined region), whereas SNOMED is restricted to neck only; the action (destruction) aligns precisely but the site is broader.
119833007 (Skin of neck excision)maps to wider conceptLAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.JI.AA is the closest excision match in the head-or-neck skin block, but the ICHI target covers both head and neck while SNOMED is neck-specific; "local excision" is the better default match for an unqualified excision concept.
119831009 (Skin of neck incision)maps to wider conceptLZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has an incision code for trunk skin (LAB.FA.AA) but no dedicated incision category for head or neck; the residual LZZ.FA.AA covers any skin/subcutaneous incision NEC and is broader than the neck-specific SNOMED concept.
119843005 (Skin of trunk closure)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)"Repair" (MK action) in ICHI encompasses wound closure as its primary meaning, making LAB.MK.AA the best available match for closure of trunk skin; broader because "repair" includes other reconstructive acts beyond simple closure.
107892000 (Skin of trunk excision)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)SNOMED covers excision of skin of trunk generically without specifying extent; LAB.JI.AA is specific to local excision of trunk skin (LAB.JJ.AA partial excision is also present). The SNOMED parent concept is broader than any single ICHI excision code.
24619005 (Skin scraping for examination)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)Skin scraping for examination is a specimen collection procedure (e.g., for fungal culture or scabies microscopy) that yields tissue/cellular material; PZX.AH.XH captures the specimen collection of tissue action but lacks skin site specificity, broader than the SNOMED concept.
409980007 (Skin self-examination)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Skin self-examination" is a patient-performed visual inspection (e.g., for moles/lesions); LZZ.AE.AH covers inspection of skin by any performer without specifying the self-performed nature, broader as it does not restrict to patient self-performance.
386440005 (Skin surveillance)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Skin surveillance" implies a structured, repeated monitoring programme to detect skin changes over time; LZZ.AA.ZZ covers a single assessment without the longitudinal surveillance intent, and no ICHI code specifically represents ongoing dermatological surveillance.
16771007 (Skin test, anergy testing)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)Anergy testing is a specific type of intradermal skin test (e.g., multiple antigen recall test for delayed-type hypersensitivity); LZZ.AC.AE is the correct intradermal skin test code but covers all intradermal skin tests rather than anergy testing specifically.
164974008 (Skin test: lymphogran.venereum)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)The Frei test (lymphogranuloma venereum skin test) is a specific intradermal antigen challenge; ICHI has no code for this antigen-specific test, so LZZ.AC.AE is the best available code but is broader, covering all intradermal skin tests regardless of antigen.
713205004 (Skin wash using sodium hypochlorite)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Sodium hypochlorite skin wash is external application of an antiseptic, captured by the DB action on the integumentary target; LZZ is used because the procedure typically applies to whole-body or unspecified site rather than a single anatomical region.
410078004 (Sleep pattern control assessment)maps to wider conceptATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions)ATK.AA.ZZ captures assessment directed at sleep functions, encompassing sleep pattern control assessment; broader because it covers any form of sleep function assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets the patient's capacity to control their sleep pattern.
410079007 (Sleep pattern control education)maps to wider conceptATK.PM.ZZ (Education about sleep functions)ATK.PM.ZZ covers patient education directed at sleep functions, the closest ICHI match for educating a patient about controlling their sleep pattern; broader as it encompasses education about sleep functions generally.
410080005 (Sleep pattern control management)maps to wider conceptATK.PN.ZZ (Advising about sleep functions)ICHI contains no specific "sleep pattern management" code; ATK.PN.ZZ is the closest single intervention within the sleep functions block, though SNOMED encompasses broader control and management activities (potentially including training, counselling, and environmental modification).
252566002 (Sleep-related breathing test)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)ATK.AC.ZZ covers testing of sleep functions and best represents a diagnostic test in the sleep domain; wider because the SNOMED term specifically targets the respiratory component during sleep (polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy), whereas this code encompasses all sleep function tests.
172391003 (Sliding graft to conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)BBA.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for a conjunctival grafting procedure, as ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of a sliding (advancement) graft from other conjunctival repair methods; broader because it encompasses all forms of conjunctival repair.
30486002 (Sling operation on tarsus muscle of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid)A tarsal sling (frontalis sling or tarsofrontalis suspension for ptosis correction) is a form of eyelid reconstruction; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sling/suspension procedures on the eyelid, so BAA.ML.AA is the best approximation, broader as it covers all eyelid reconstruction.
4407008 (Slitting of lacrimal canaliculus for passage of tube)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)Slitting (incising) the lacrimal canaliculus to allow tube intubation is best captured by incision of the lacrimal apparatus, reflecting the primary surgical action; broader as it covers incision of any part of the lacrimal apparatus rather than specifically canaliculotomy with tube placement.
19999005 (Slitting of lacrimal canaliculus for removal of streptothrix)maps to wider conceptBAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)BAD.FA.AA covers incision of the lacrimal apparatus broadly; the SNOMED concept is more specific — it targets the canaliculus and is performed for removal of a streptothrix infection, detail which ICHI does not capture.
74766000 (Slitting of prepuce)maps to wider conceptNGM.FA.AA (Incision of penis)"Slitting of prepuce" (dorsal slit) is a longitudinal incision of the foreskin; ICHI's closest match is the broader "Incision of penis" since no specific code for preputial slitting exists.
264244005 (Sluder operation of tonsillectomy)maps to wider conceptDAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy)DAA.JK.AC represents tonsillectomy generically; the SNOMED concept is specifically the Sluder guillotine technique, a procedural variant that ICHI's means axis does not distinguish.
76814002 (Smear for fat)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)ICHI has no code for faecal smear microscopy for fat specifically; XG69Q0 (Microscopy) is a generic essential-lab technique code covering all forms of microscopy, far broader than this targeted stool-fat-droplet smear test.
51564004 (Smear for meat fibers)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)This is a specific faecal smear examined microscopically for undigested muscle fibers indicating maldigestion; ICHI has no dedicated code, so XG69Q0 captures only the technique axis and is substantially broader.
15856006 (Smear for neutrophils)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)This SNOMED concept denotes microscopic examination of a faecal smear to detect neutrophils (intestinal inflammation); XG69Q0 is the only procedural microscopy code available, making it the best but far broader match.
82089008 (Smear for starch granules)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)Microscopic examination of stool for starch granules indicating carbohydrate malabsorption has no dedicated ICHI code; XG69Q0 (Microscopy) captures only the generic microscopic technique.
225324006 (Smoking effects education)maps to wider conceptVAB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence tobacco use behaviours)VAB.PM.ZZ covers education broadly aimed at influencing tobacco use behaviours, encompassing the narrower SNOMED concept of educating about harmful effects of smoking.
275014009 (Soave endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease)maps to wider conceptKBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum)The Soave procedure is a specific endorectal pull-through technique with colon-to-anus anastomosis; ICHI has no code for pull-through operations or Hirschsprung's disease, so KBW.ML.AA is the closest structural match but considerably broader.
90102008 (Social psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptSR1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)Social psychotherapy is psychotherapy focused on social/interpersonal functioning, mapping to ICHI's psychotherapy targeting interpersonal interactions; ICHI is wider as it covers all interpersonal psychotherapy modalities.
410414002 (Social work/counseling surveillance)maps to wider conceptUEO.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning general social support services, systems and policies)"Social work/counseling surveillance" is a clinical-level monitoring activity for an individual's social work engagement, while UEO.VC.ZZ represents population-level public health surveillance — broader and operating at a more macro level.
437231000124109 (Sodium modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food as an environmental/product intervention, capturing the act of prescribing a sodium-modified diet; ICHI provides no sodium-specific or salt-restriction code, making the match broader.
252215006 (Sodium restriction test)maps to wider conceptPZA.AC.AC (Food provocation test)A sodium restriction test is a diagnostic challenge restricting sodium intake to assess physiological response; PZA.AC.AC encompasses all food-based provocation/challenge tests without specificity to sodium or restriction protocols.
87152003 (Soft tissue release with peroneus brevis tendon transfer)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure combining soft tissue release with peroneus brevis tendon transfer at the foot/ankle; MRT.LJ.AA's "unspecified site" target is broader and less precise.
281234001 (Soldering of orthodontic metal work)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for soldering or repair of orthodontic metalwork; KAE.SM.AC covers management of external tooth appliances and is the nearest clinical category, substantially broader.
437011000124105 (Soluble fiber modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)UAB.DA.ZZ represents modification of food but covers any food modification, not specifically a soluble-fibre dietary prescription; substantially broader than this specific therapeutic diet.
252216007 (Somatostatin infusion test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)A somatostatin infusion test is a dynamic endocrine function test assessing suppression of growth hormone or other hormones; ETK.AA.ZZ is far broader, covering all endocrine assessment without specifying the somatostatin pharmacological challenge.
113025000 (Somnocinematography)maps to wider conceptATK.AC.ZZ (Test of sleep functions)Somnocinematography is a specific sleep-recording technique using cinematic/video recording during sleep; ATK.AC.ZZ captures the functional testing intent but is broader, covering any sleep test method.
1255001001 (Soy free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A soy free diet is a specific dietary exclusion intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is broader, encompassing any change to food rather than this specific allergen-elimination diet.
113151000 (Special care of eye)maps to wider conceptBZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the visual system, unspecified)"Special care of eye" is a non-specific concept denoting heightened attention to the eye without specifying a procedure; BZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified catch-all for the visual system.
271304000 (Special CVS procedures)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HT2 (Interventions on functions of heart or cardiovascular system)"Special CVS procedures" is a broad SNOMED grouping for cardiovascular system procedures; the organisational block BlockL4-HT2 is the best fit, broader than any specific cardiovascular procedure.
164838003 (Special dermatological testing)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Special dermatological testing" is a broad category covering various skin diagnostic tests; LZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for general skin assessment, broader than specific tests like patch or intradermal testing.
164807004 (Special female genital test)maps to wider conceptNMS.AA.ZZ (Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified)NMS.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for the female genital system, capturing the general notion of a female genital investigation; broader as it encompasses any assessment rather than only "special tests."
252544009 (Special investigations on ear)maps to wider conceptCZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified)CZZ.AA.ZZ is the NEC assessment code for the ear and best represents a general special investigation; wider as it covers any ear assessment rather than a specifically designated "special investigation."
252550004 (Special investigations on nose and sinuses)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JAA (Interventions on upper respiratory tract)ICHI has separate investigation codes per sub-site (e.g., JAA.AB.AC Nasal function study, JAE.AE.AD Endoscopy of paranasal sinus) but no single combined "investigations on nose and sinuses" category; the best encompassing ICHI grouping is BlockL4-JAA covering both nose (BlockL5-JAA) and all paranasal sinuses, assigned as a block code since no single assignable category captures the full breadth.
252570005 (Special investigations on pharynx and larynx)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-JAA (Interventions on upper respiratory tract)ICHI has specific investigation codes for pharynx and larynx individually, but no combined category; the closest encompassing grouping that includes both nasopharynx (BlockL5-JAM) and larynx (BlockL5-JAN) is the upper respiratory tract block BlockL4-JAA, assigned as a block code since the SNOMED concept spans multiple ICHI sub-sites.
164822009 (Special male genital test)maps to wider conceptNGN.AE.AH (Examination of male genital system, not elsewhere classified)NGN.AE.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering examination/investigation of the male genital system as a whole; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is labelled NEC and encompasses any type of examination, whereas the SNOMED term implies a special/diagnostic test.
31605003 (Special schooling for handicapped person)maps to wider conceptSTE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support to enable participation in school education, which aligns with special schooling for a person with a handicap; however, it does not specify the disability/handicap context or the "special" adapted nature of the schooling, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
69915000 (Special stain for microorganism)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI has no dedicated code for organism-specific special staining (e.g. Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen); the closest available code is the XG30Q5 extension code for the general discipline of tissue/cell examination, which is considerably broader than the specific procedure of applying a special stain targeted at microorganism identification.
49052008 (Special surgical pathology procedure, explain by report)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI has no code for surgical pathology at any level of specificity; XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the nearest available extension code covering macroscopic and microscopic tissue examination, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a complex/special-technique procedure requiring a detailed report.
395669003 (Specialist palliative care treatment)maps to wider conceptXG3E38 (Palliation)XG3E38 is an ICHI extension code that qualifies any intervention as palliative in intent rather than curative, and does not represent a standalone intervention or the specialist, multidisciplinary nature of palliative care treatment; it is therefore broader and only partially captures the SNOMED concept.
79206001 (Specialized medical examination)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code for a clinician-conducted general health evaluation of a whole person, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a specialized (focused, expert-level) medical examination rather than a general health assessment.
266742006 (Specific disability rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)XG4691 is an ICHI extension code covering rehabilitation and habilitation broadly, without specificity to a particular disability type or body domain; it is the closest match available but is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which implies rehabilitation targeted at a specific disability.
50576009 (Specimen collection by drainage)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has many site-specific drainage codes and site-specific specimen collection codes, but no single code that combines specimen collection with drainage as the method across any site. PZX.AH.ZZ is the broadest residual specimen collection category but does not specify drainage as the technique.
840566006 (Specimen collection for biobank)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no code that captures the purpose of collecting a specimen for biobanking or research storage; the best available fit is the residual category, which is broader because it does not encode the research/biobank intent.
31507001 (Specimen collection for microbiology)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifying specimen collection for microbiological purposes; the residual PZX.AH.ZZ is the closest available match but is broader as it covers all unspecified specimen collection regardless of diagnostic intent.
424514005 (Speech and language therapy case management)maps to wider conceptPZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)PZB.TD.ZZ captures the care management/coordination aspect, the defining feature of "case management" in this context; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any discipline and does not specify the speech and language therapy domain.
311555007 (Speech and language therapy regime)maps to wider conceptJU1.PH.ZZ (Training of voice and speech functions, unspecified)"Regime" denotes a full structured programme spanning both speech (JUC) and language (AUI) domains, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ covers only the training action on voice and speech functions and does not encompass the language axis nor the programme-management concept implied by "regime."
767576002 (Speech therapy for compensatory articulation)maps to wider conceptJUD.PH.ZZ (Training of articulation functions)ICHI's "Training of articulation functions" covers the rehabilitative intent of speech therapy targeting articulation, but does not capture the specific compensatory strategy (alternate articulatory placement) that defines this SNOMED concept.
287747001 (Spermatic cord hydrocele repair)maps to wider conceptNGD.MK.AA (Repair of spermatic cord)ICHI does not have a specific hydrocele-of-spermatic-cord repair code; "Repair of spermatic cord" is the most specific available code but encompasses any structural repair, making it broader than this specific hydrocele procedure.
252945001 (Spermatozoa cervical mucus capillary tube test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)ICHI has no code for sperm-cervical mucus interaction testing; "Assessment of functions related to fertility" is the closest available category but is far broader, covering all fertility function assessments rather than this specific in-vitro sperm penetration test.
252943008 (Spermatozoa cervical mucus contact test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)As with the capillary tube test, ICHI lacks a specific code for sperm-cervical mucus contact testing; the best mapping is the generic fertility function assessment code, which is considerably broader in scope.
252942003 (Spermatozoa cervical mucus slide test)maps to wider conceptNUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility)The cervical mucus slide test (postcoital test) is a specific diagnostic assessment of sperm-mucus interaction; ICHI has no dedicated code, so NUD.AA.ZZ covers it only broadly as a general fertility function assessment.
120078003 (Spinal cord closure)maps to wider conceptABA.MK.AA (Repair of spinal cord)"Spinal cord closure" is a specific surgical act (suturing/closing the spinal cord or coverings, e.g. after myelomeningocele repair), a subset of "Repair" in ICHI; no dedicated closure code exists in the spinal cord block, so ABA.MK.AA is the closest available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept.
108116000 (Spinal cord excision)maps to wider conceptABA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of spinal cord)The ICHI spinal cord block contains only "local excision of lesion" — no general total or partial excision of spinal cord code; ABA.JI.AA is the closest match available, though "local excision of lesion" is the only excision-type code in the spinal cord block.
281788007 (Spinal decompression with discectomy)maps to wider conceptMBV.JJ.AA (Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single combined code for decompression with discectomy; MBV.JJ.AA captures the discectomy component but does not encode the concomitant decompression and is site-unspecified, so ICHI is wider than the SNOMED concept which implies both actions together.
76970004 (Spinal dural graft)maps to wider conceptABC.MK.AA (Repair of spinal meninges)ICHI has no dedicated dural grafting code; ABC.MK.AA covers repair of all spinal meninges by any technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a graft to the dura mater only, so the ICHI code is wider.
429769008 (Spinal fusion for kyphosis)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the fusion procedure but does not encode the indication (kyphosis); the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any spinal fusion regardless of deformity being corrected.
428547005 (Spinal fusion for scoliosis)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes the procedural action (fusion) but carries no indication for the underlying deformity (scoliosis); the ICHI code is broader because it covers all spinal fusions irrespective of curve type.
239547008 (Spinal fusion for spondylolysis)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode the indication (spondylolysis — a pars interarticularis defect); MBZ.LE.AA captures the intervention itself but is broader because it does not reflect the specific structural pathology driving the procedure.
59323008 (Spinal fusion with graft)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's MBZ.LE.AA represents the overall fusion procedure but does not encode the bone-graft component used to achieve arthrodesis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies use of a graft.
387823001 (Spinal fusion with reduction of spinal deformity)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept combines deformity reduction and fusion, but ICHI only has a code for the fusion itself; MBZ.LE.AA is the closest match and is broader because it omits the reduction element.
239546004 (Spinal fusion without reduction of spinal deformity)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)MBZ.LE.AA captures spinal fusion generically but does not encode the qualifier "without reduction of spinal deformity" that distinguishes this concept from corrective fusion procedures; no level- or qualifier-specific fusion code exists in ICHI.
287215007 (Spinal granulation tissue removal)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JG.AA (Debridement of spine, not elsewhere classified)Removal of spinal granulation tissue is a form of debridement; MBZ.JG.AA is the closest ICHI code but covers debridement of the spine broadly without distinguishing granulation tissue specifically or anatomical region within the spine.
230984006 (Spinal meninges operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABC (Interventions on spinal meninges)The SNOMED concept is a non-specific grouper for any operation on the spinal meninges, corresponding best to the ICHI block rather than a single assignable category; the block is wider but is the most appropriate level given no single ICHI category covers all such operations.
304556002 (Spinal nerve ganglion operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABN (Interventions on spinal nerve)ICHI has no dedicated assignable category for spinal nerve ganglion operations as a group; BlockL5-ABN is the closest organisational unit but encompasses all spinal nerve interventions, making it wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept.
231030002 (Spinal nerve root and ganglion operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ABN (Interventions on spinal nerve)The SNOMED grouper covers any operation on spinal nerve roots or ganglia; BlockL5-ABN is the best umbrella and is wider since it also covers interventions on spinal nerves beyond roots and ganglia.
231255000 (Spinal subdural local anesthetic block)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ICHI does not distinguish subdural, epidural, or subarachnoid compartments at the category level; ABG.DC.AE is the closest assignable code but is wider because it covers all anaesthetic injections into the spinal canal regardless of subdural placement.
1279655006 (Spinelli operation)maps to wider conceptNGM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of penis)The Spinelli operation is a surgical procedure correcting hypospadias/penile chordee through penile shaft and urethral reconstruction; NGM.ML.AA is the closest category, wider because it encompasses all penile reconstruction techniques rather than the specific Spinelli approach.
257769002 (Spiral binding)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Spiral binding is a specific bandaging technique winding material in overlapping spirals around a limb; LZZ.DK.AH is the most appropriate ICHI code but covers all dressing application to skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than the spiral wrapping technique.
406930000 (Spirit soluble aniline blue stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI contains no codes for specific histochemical staining methods; XG30Q5 (Histopathology), an extension code under essential laboratory tests, is the broadest applicable category covering tissue examination including staining and is considerably broader than this specific stain technique.
406931001 (Spirit soluble eosin stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI has no code for eosin-specific staining; XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available category covering tissue staining and microscopic examination methods, considerably broader than this one stain type.
410104000 (Spiritual comfort assessment)maps to wider conceptSXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)SXH.AA.ZZ is the only ICHI assessment code in the religion/spirituality domain and covers engagement assessment broadly; the SNOMED concept is narrower, specifically targeting assessment of spiritual comfort rather than the full scope of religious/spiritual engagement.
314979004 (Spirometry reversibility)maps to wider conceptJTB.AC.ZZ (Test of respiration function)ICHI has no specific code for spirometry or bronchodilator reversibility testing; JTB.AC.ZZ is the closest functional category, broader because it covers any test of respiration function rather than the specific reversibility protocol.
180315008 (Splinting of dislocated hip)maps to wider conceptMLJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint)MLJ.LC.AH captures application of an external immobilisation device (splint) to the hip joint — the procedural action; the SNOMED concept also specifies the clinical context of dislocation, which ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is wider.
180313001 (Splinting of hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to finger or hand joint)MGJ.LC.AH covers application of an immobilisation device to finger or hand joint — the closest match to splinting of the hand; ICHI bundles finger and hand joints together, while the SNOMED concept refers to the hand as a whole.
699265004 (Split thickness graft of skin to skin of hand)maps to wider conceptLAE.ML.AA (Skin graft to upper limb)ICHI has no hand-specific skin graft code; LAE.ML.AA covers the entire upper limb including the hand. The SNOMED concept is more specific in two respects (hand only and split-thickness technique), so ICHI is broader.
1197780003 (Spontaneous and/or timed ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code for mechanical/assisted ventilation and does not distinguish ventilator modes (SIMV, spontaneous, pressure-support, timed, BiPAP), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the spontaneous/timed mode.
229164006 (Sport specific rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptXG4691 (Rehabilitation and Habilitation)XG4691 is the only ICHI code explicitly covering rehabilitation but is a broad extension-code-level concept with no sport-specific qualifier; the SNOMED concept is a specialised rehabilitation programme restricted to sport contexts, making the ICHI code wider.
117612008 (Sputum smear examination)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)ICHI has codes for sputum specimen collection and microscopy as an extension code, but no code combining sputum substrate with microscopic smear examination; XG69Q0 is the closest technique-level match but is broader, covering all microscopy.
225231007 (Stab peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis in general without distinguishing technique; the SNOMED concept specifies a stab (rigid, acute) catheter approach, which makes the SNOMED term narrower and the ICHI code broader.
239441007 (Stabilization of joint of hand)maps to wider conceptMRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)ICHI provides stabilisation codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, foot/toe, and unspecified site, but has no dedicated hand/finger joint stabilisation code; MRJ.LC.AA is the appropriate residual fallback, broader than the site-specific SNOMED concept.
239446002 (Stabilization of patellofemoral joint)maps to wider conceptMMP.LC.AA (Patellar stabilisation)ICHI codes patellar stabilisation under the patella target (MMP block) rather than the patellofemoral joint as a distinct entity; the ICHI code covers stabilisation of the patella broadly, which includes but is not explicitly limited to the patellofemoral articulation.
239439006 (Stabilization of radiocarpal joint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of wrist joint)The radiocarpal joint is the primary articulation of the wrist (radius with proximal carpal row) and ICHI represents it under the wrist joint block (MFJ); however, the ICHI code is broader as the wrist joint block encompasses the midcarpal and other wrist articulations beyond the radiocarpal joint.
239440008 (Stabilization of scapholunate joint)maps to wider conceptMFJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of wrist joint)ICHI has no specific code for the scapholunate intercarpal joint; stabilisation of this joint falls under the wrist joint block (MFJ), making MFJ.LC.AA the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than the specific intercarpal articulation intended by the SNOMED concept.
1290442003 (Stabilization of spine using Graf technique)maps to wider conceptMBZ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified)The Graf technique is a soft dynamic posterior spinal stabilization achieved by implanting flexible ligament bands around pedicle screws; MBZ.DN.AA captures the intervention type and target but does not encode the dynamic/flexible nature of the technique, making it broader.
11932001 (Stabilizing hemodialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generally, which encompasses haemodialysis, but does not distinguish the specific intent of "stabilizing" (i.e., acute or emergency haemodialysis to achieve haemodynamic stability) from maintenance haemodialysis; the ICHI code is therefore broader.
236971007 (Stabilizing induction)maps to wider conceptPZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)Stabilizing induction is a specific anaesthetic induction technique (typically intravenous) used in patients at risk of cardiovascular instability; PZA.DC.AF is the closest ICHI match but covers all IV anaesthesia rather than specifically the induction phase or the haemodynamically cautious approach.
179826005 (Stabilizing transposition of muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)Stabilizing transposition of muscle is a muscle-tendon transfer performed to restore stability to a joint; MRM.LJ.AA covers muscle transfer/transplantation at an unspecified site but does not encode the stabilizing purpose or the specific anatomical site, making it broader.
176548009 (Standard circumcision)maps to wider conceptNGM.JJ.AA (Partial excision of penis)ICHI has no dedicated circumcision code; circumcision is a partial excision of the penis (specifically the prepuce/foreskin), and NGM.JJ.AA is the closest applicable code but is broader as it encompasses any partial penile excision rather than being restricted to prepuce removal.
57456004 (Standing transfer training)maps to wider conceptSHG.PH.ZZ (Training in transferring oneself)SHG.PH.ZZ covers rehabilitation training focused on the activity of transferring oneself, which is the core of standing transfer training; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses all transfer training without specifying the standing modality.
224568002 (Staple capsulorrhaphy of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDL.LC.AA (Stabilisation of shoulder)Capsulorrhaphy is a specific repair/plication of the shoulder joint capsule performed to restore stability, mapping functionally to stabilisation of shoulder; MDL.LC.AA is broader as it encompasses any stabilisation technique of the shoulder ligament/fascia complex and does not specify the capsular repair or staple means.
765254006 (Static radionuclide imaging of liver using radioisotope)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE covers both liver scanning and radioisotope function studies as a combined category, while the SNOMED concept specifies only the static imaging (scan) component without the functional study aspect.
763938003 (Static radionuclide imaging of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers both thyroid scanning and radioisotope function studies under a single code, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to static radionuclide imaging (the scan component only).
428563002 (Stent assisted embolization of aneurysm using transluminal coil)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF captures the endovascular embolisation/occlusion of an intracranial artery via a transluminal approach, aligning with coil embolisation of an intracranial aneurysm; however, the ICHI code does not specify the stent-assisted technique or the coil as the means.
428983007 (Stent assisted percutaneous transluminal embolization of aneurysm using liquid polymer)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)IAA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of intracranial artery and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not capture the specificity of stent assistance, liquid polymer as the embolic agent, or the aneurysm (rather than artery) as the target.
77337009 (Stereotactic biopsy by aspiration of intracranial lesion)maps to wider conceptAAA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of brain)AAA.AD.AE covers the percutaneous/stereotactic route but does not encode the aspiration technique specifically nor the intracranial lesion target as distinct from brain parenchyma, making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept.
54899006 (Stereotactic excisional biopsy of intracranial lesion)maps to wider conceptAAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)AAA.JI.AA captures local excision of a brain lesion, which aligns with the excisional biopsy intent, but does not encode the stereotactic guidance technique or the percutaneous/minimally invasive approach.
31632008 (Stereotactic focused proton beam on cerebrum)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain by radiotherapy)AAA.GA.BA covers destruction of brain lesion/tissue by radiotherapy, the correct category for stereotactic radiosurgery, but ICHI does not distinguish proton beam from other radiotherapy modalities nor encode the stereotactic technique.
1106641000000102 (Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The magnetic marker is a device inserted percutaneously into the breast, making LCA.DL.AE the best structural match; ICHI does not encode the stereotactic mammography guidance modality, the magnetic nature of the marker, or laterality (left) within the core code.
1106651000000104 (Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)The magnetic marker insertion into breast maps to LCA.DL.AE, with laterality (right), imaging guidance modality, and marker type all absent from the ICHI core code and expressible only via extensions.
719573001 (Stereotactic plain X-ray guided vacuum assisted excision of lesion of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of breast)LCA.JI.AA captures the core clinical action (local excision of a breast lesion), but ICHI has no codes specifying vacuum-assisted technique or stereotactic X-ray guidance, making the ICHI code broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
399710006 (Stereotactically guided core needle biopsy)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)ICHI does not have a dedicated stereotactically guided or image-guided core needle biopsy code; LCA.AD.AE is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not specify stereotactic guidance or the core needle technique, and it presupposes breast as the target.
1268323005 (Stereotactically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)ICHI has no code for fine needle aspiration specifically, nor for stereotactic guidance as a means; LCA.AD.AE captures the target (breast) and the general approach (percutaneous) but is broader, omitting both the stereotactic navigation and FNA technique.
183391004 (Stimulative psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not distinguish subtypes of psychotherapy by theoretical orientation; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the most general residual psychotherapy category targeting the whole person, broader than the specific SNOMED concept of stimulative (activating) psychotherapy.
225192007 (Stoma assessment)maps to wider conceptPZX.AA.AH (Assessment of body part, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no specific code for stoma assessment; PZX.AA.AH is the best available residual code, capturing the assessment action on an unspecified body part, but is considerably broader than the targeted stoma-specific nursing assessment.
225193002 (Stoma irrigation)maps to wider conceptKBP.JA.AC (Local irrigation of colon)Stoma irrigation is the instillation of fluid through a colostomy/enterostomy to evacuate bowel contents, mapping most closely to local irrigation of the colon; the ICHI code does not specify the stoma route and could also include non-stoma colonic irrigation, making it broader.
385838001 (Stool specimen care)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XG (Specimen collection of faeces)PZX.AH.XG covers the collection of a faecal specimen, the core component of stool specimen care; the SNOMED concept may also encompass handling, labelling, and transport steps, and the ICHI code is broader in covering any specimen collection context.
233375002 (Straight graft of the abdominal aorta)maps to wider conceptHIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)HIH.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the abdominal aorta broadly, which encompasses a straight tube graft as one specific technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish between straight (tube) and bifurcated graft configurations, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
229158004 (Straight leg raising exercise)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to straight leg raising; MU2.PG.ZZ is the closest match as a guided therapeutic muscle exercise, but it covers all muscle function exercises rather than this specific movement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
173100009 (Strayer procedure)maps to wider conceptMNT.LK.AA (Lengthening of tendon of lower leg)The Strayer procedure is a gastrocnemius recession (selective release/lengthening of the gastrocnemius musculotendinous unit in the lower leg), which maps well to MNT.LK.AA; the ICHI code covers lengthening of any lower leg tendon, making it slightly broader, but this is the most precise available match.
396222007 (Strip craniectomy with opening of cranial suture)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)ICHI's "Craniectomy" is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not capture the specific strip technique, the suturectomy component, or the craniosynostosis indication that define this SNOMED concept.
396220004 (Stripping of cranial suture)maps to wider conceptMAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy)Stripping of a cranial suture (suturectomy/synostectomy for craniosynostosis) is a form of craniectomy. ICHI's craniectomy code is broader, encompassing any surgical removal of skull bone rather than being specific to suture stripping.
708737007 (Stripping of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx)Laryngeal stripping (mucosal decortication of the larynx) involves removal of laryngeal mucosa/tissue, which falls within local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any local excision of laryngeal tissue.
80168007 (Stripping of thoracic varicose veins)maps to wider conceptIDB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of vein of thorax)ICHI does not have a specific "stripping" procedure for thoracic veins, but IDB.JJ.AA is the closest structural match — venous stripping is a form of partial vein excision. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial excision of thoracic vein.
233456008 (Stripping of vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lower limb vein)"Stripping of vein" without anatomical specification most commonly refers to lower-limb saphenous vein stripping for varicose veins; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial excision of a lower limb vein.
416133007 (Subconjunctival autologous blood injection)maps to wider conceptBBA.DB.AE (Injection into subconjunctiva)BBA.DB.AE correctly captures the anatomical site (subconjunctival space) and the action (injection), but ICHI does not specify the injectate substance; the SNOMED concept is more specific (autologous blood).
231333006 (Subconjunctival infiltration)maps to wider conceptBBA.DB.AE (Injection into subconjunctiva)Subconjunctival infiltration (injection of a medicament into the subconjunctival space) maps directly to BBA.DB.AE in terms of both anatomical site and procedural action; ICHI is wider because it does not specify the substance.
287653007 (Subcutaneous mastectomy and prosthetic implant)maps to wider conceptLCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)LCA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/prosthetic implant component of this combined procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the concurrent subcutaneous mastectomy; the mastectomy component would need to be coded separately.
230847008 (Subcutaneous reservoir procedures for brain lesions)maps to wider conceptAAE.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain)AAE.DN.AA accurately describes implanting a device (reservoir/catheter assembly) into the brain ventricles, which is the core procedural component of Ommaya/Rickham reservoir placement; it is slightly broader as it does not distinguish the subcutaneous reservoir dome from other ventricular devices.
231385008 (Subdural neurolysis)maps to wider conceptAAA.FC.AA (Intracranial release)Subdural neurolysis is lysis of subdural adhesions specifically affecting nerves in the intracranial subdural space; ICHI's "Intracranial release" is the closest available code but is broader — it covers intracranial adhesiolysis/decompression generically rather than targeting the subdural nerve-adhesion-specific procedure.
252503008 (Submandibular duct probing)maps to wider conceptKAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of salivary duct)Submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) probing is performed to explore, dilate, or clear obstruction from the duct — KAM.LG.AA is the best match as it covers the same duct and a closely overlapping clinical intent, though "dilatation" is slightly broader than "probing" which may be purely diagnostic.
177245000 (Submental lipectomy)maps to wider conceptLAA.LL.AE (Liposuction of face and neck)Submental lipectomy is surgical excision of submental (under-chin) fat, which anatomically falls within the face and neck region covered by LAA.LL.AE; however, "liposuction" implies suction-assisted removal whereas lipectomy is direct excision, and the ICHI code does not distinguish the submental subsite.
236244001 (Submucosal injection of polytetrafluoroethylene to female urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection into bladder neck)NAK.DB.AD captures the correct target (bladder neck) and action (injection via endoscopic approach), which matches the procedure well. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the injectate (PTFE/Teflon), the submucosal plane, or the female sex.
236257009 (Submucosal injection of polytetrafluoroethylene to male urinary bladder neck)maps to wider conceptNAK.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection into bladder neck)Same reasoning as concept 236244001 — NAK.DB.AD is the only ICHI code for injection into the bladder neck, and it is wider because sex, injectate type, and submucosal plane are unspecified.
47782001 (Submucous resection of nasal septum with replacement with graft)maps to wider conceptJAB.JJ.AC (Submucous resection of nasal septum)JAB.JJ.AC directly names submucous resection of the nasal septum, matching the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the additional step of graft replacement that is specified in the SNOMED concept.
241479003 (Subphrenic US scan)maps to wider conceptKMA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity)The subphrenic space lies within the peritoneal cavity, and KMA.BA.BJ is the most anatomically precise available ICHI ultrasound code covering this region. It is wider because it encompasses the entire peritoneal cavity rather than specifically the subphrenic compartment.
18170008 (Subsequent nursing facility visit)maps to wider conceptPZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)A nursing facility visit is a follow-up clinical encounter in a long-term care setting, which ICHI has no specific code for. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest whole-person, administrative-encounter concept in ICHI, but it is broader as it does not capture the subsequent/follow-up nature or the nursing facility setting.
408935001 (Substance abuse prevention education)maps to wider conceptVA1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)VA1.PM.ZZ captures education targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours, which aligns well with substance abuse prevention education; it is wider because it covers all substance-related behaviours rather than being restricted to abuse prevention.
386450006 (Substance use treatment: drug withdrawal)maps to wider conceptPZA.TE.ZZ (Detoxification)Detoxification covers the broad clinical process of clearing substances from the body and managing withdrawal, which aligns well with drug withdrawal treatment, but ICHI does not distinguish drug-specific withdrawal from general detoxification.
444162001 (Suction assisted lipectomy of abdomen)maps to wider conceptLAB.LL.AE (Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks)LAB.LL.AE directly describes liposuction of the abdominal region, which covers the SNOMED concept precisely, though the ICHI code also includes the buttocks in its scope while the SNOMED concept specifies only the abdomen.
1345166000 (Suction assisted lipectomy of buttock)maps to wider conceptLAB.LL.AE (Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks)The ICHI code covers both abdominal region and buttocks together as a single combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the buttock only. The procedure type is an exact match, but the broader anatomical scope of the ICHI code makes it wider.
310583000 (Suction clearance of tracheostomy tube)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has a specific code for suctioning of endotracheal tube but none specifically for a tracheostomy tube; the NEC airways suctioning code is the best available fit and captures the suction action on the airway, though it is broader than the tracheostomy-specific SNOMED concept.
448191005 (Suction excision of adenoid by diathermy)maps to wider conceptDAB.JK.AC (Adenoidectomy)ICHI codes adenoidectomy as a single concept regardless of technique; there is no separate code for the suction-diathermy variant, so Adenoidectomy is the best match, but it is wider because it does not capture the specific technique encoded in the SNOMED concept.
406935005 (Sudan black B stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Sudan black B is a specific lipid staining technique applied to tissue sections; ICHI has no code for individual staining methods, so XG30Q5 is the broadest applicable code. The ICHI code is considerably broader, covering all histopathological examination without specificity for the Sudan black B dye.
406934009 (Sudan black stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Sudan black staining is a histochemical method for demonstrating lipids in tissue; no ICHI code exists for this specific staining technique, making XG30Q5 the only applicable code, which is far broader and does not capture the staining specificity.
406936006 (Sudan blue stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Sudan blue staining (used to demonstrate phospholipids and neutral fats in tissue) has no corresponding ICHI code; XG30Q5 is the closest available code but encompasses all histopathological methods, not lipid staining specifically.
406933003 (Sudan II stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Sudan II is a lipid-soluble dye used in histochemical staining of fat; ICHI contains no code for Sudan stains or lipid staining methods, so XG30Q5 is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific technique.
117029005 (Sudan III stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Sudan III is a classic fat-soluble dye used for histological demonstration of neutral triglycerides and lipids; as with the other Sudan stain variants, no specific ICHI code exists, and XG30Q5 is the only reasonable match, being far broader in scope.
415665002 (Suicide prevention)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-VBA (Interventions on self-harm behaviours)ICHI does not have a discrete code specifically for suicide prevention as a programme or intervention type; BlockL4-VBA covers all interventions on self-harm behaviours (which encompasses suicidal self-harm), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
225337009 (Suicide risk assessment)maps to wider conceptVBA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self-harm behaviours)VBA.AA.ZZ represents assessment of self-harm behaviours, which is the closest available ICHI code; it is broader because it covers all self-harm behaviour assessment and ICHI does not distinguish suicide from other self-harm at the assessment level.
1155729007 (Sulfate salt modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A sulfate salt modified diet is a specific dietary intervention that falls within the scope of food modification; UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is substantially broader, covering any alteration to food without specifying the nutrient or compound targeted.
231126002 (Superficial cervical plexus block)maps to wider conceptACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)The cervical plexus is a somatic peripheral nerve plexus, so injection of anaesthetic into it falls under the peripheral nervous system block in ICHI. ACA.DC.AE does not specify the cervical plexus or the superficial branch, making the ICHI code broader.
260651001 (Superior cordotomy)maps to wider conceptABA.FA.AA (Cordotomy)ICHI codes cordotomy at the generic level under spinal cord interventions, without distinguishing the spinal level (cervical/superior versus thoracic). The SNOMED concept specifies a superior cordotomy, so the ICHI code is broader.
710871004 (Support for caregiver during toilet training)maps to wider conceptSMD.RB.ZZ (Practical support with toileting)SMD.RB.ZZ captures practical support with toileting, which is the closest representation of assisting with toilet training, but it does not distinguish that the recipient of the intervention is a caregiver rather than the individual being trained.
710869004 (Support for family coping process)maps to wider conceptSDJ.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for handling stress and other psychological demands)Coping with adversity is functionally equivalent to handling psychological demands and stress; SDJ.RC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though ICHI does not specify the family unit as the target and the code is broader than the specific family coping context.
710867002 (Support for family decision making process)maps to wider conceptSCL.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for decision making)SCL.RC.ZZ captures emotional support specifically directed at decision making, which closely matches the SNOMED concept's intent. The match is wider because ICHI does not scope the intervention to the family unit.
710865005 (Support for family mourning process)maps to wider conceptAUD.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for emotional functions)ICHI has no code for bereavement, mourning, or grief support; mourning is an emotional function, and AUD.RC.ZZ is the closest available category. The match is wider because the ICHI code covers all emotional functions, not specifically grief.
243116003 (Support for parent)maps to wider conceptVEJ.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for parenting behaviours)The SNOMED concept describes generic support provided to a parent, while ICHI specifies the support type as emotional within the parenting behaviours block. The ICHI code is the closest available match with no unqualified support for parent code existing.
1172621008 (Support of victim of incest)maps to wider conceptVBB.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for family and partner violence behaviours)Incest is a specific form of intra-familial sexual violence, which falls within the "family and partner violence" target domain; VBB.RC.ZZ covers emotional support across this broader category, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept's specificity to incest victims.
385990006 (Support system interventions)maps to wider conceptUEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)"Support system interventions" in SNOMED refers broadly to activating or strengthening a patient's social support network, while UEO.RG.ZZ is oriented toward provision of formal general social support services at a systems level, making it broader and less clinically specific than the SNOMED concept.
410422009 (Support system surveillance)maps to wider conceptUEO.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning general social support services, systems and policies)UEO.VC.ZZ is a public health surveillance code aimed at monitoring social support services at a population or policy level, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes clinician-level surveillance of an individual patient's support system; the ICHI code is broader in scope.
85925008 (Supportive verbal psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code that captures the specific modality of supportive verbal psychotherapy; PZB.PQ.ZZ represents general psychotherapy applied to the whole person and is the closest non-organ-targeted psychotherapy code, but it does not encode the verbal or supportive modality, making it broader.
84892007 (Suppressive psychotherapy)maps to wider conceptAS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)ICHI does not distinguish psychotherapy modalities by theoretical orientation (suppressive, supportive, exploratory, etc.); AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions broadly, making it wider than the specifically named "suppressive" modality in SNOMED.
232549007 (Suprahyoid laryngeal release procedure)maps to wider conceptMAM.FC.AA (Release of muscles of neck)The suprahyoid laryngeal release is a specific surgical procedure that releases the suprahyoid musculature to allow the larynx to descend; MAM.FC.AA "Release of muscles of neck" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all neck muscle release procedures without specificity to the suprahyoid group or its laryngeal-lowering purpose.
231076003 (Surgical ablation of celiac plexus)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no dedicated code for the celiac (coeliac) plexus; the celiac plexus is an autonomic/splanchnic ganglion complex, and the best available ICHI code captures the action (surgical destruction/ablation) on a peripheral nerve structure, but is broader as it does not specify the celiac plexus target or the sympathetic/autonomic nature of the intervention.
234085002 (Surgical avulsion of vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lower limb vein)Surgical avulsion (forcible stripping) of a vein is clinically captured under partial excision of lower limb vein in ICHI, as vein avulsion/stripping is a form of partial removal; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all partial excision techniques and is anatomically restricted to lower limb veins, whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified for location and technique-specific for avulsion.
307987001 (Surgical biopsy of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptEBC.AD.AA (Biopsy of adrenal gland)EBC.AD.AA covers biopsy of the adrenal gland without specifying approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a surgical (open) approach; the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses other approaches such as percutaneous (which has its own sibling code EBC.AD.AE), making it a slightly wider match for the surgical-specific SNOMED concept.
287517000 (Surgical biopsy of artery)maps to wider conceptIZE.AD.AA (Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)IZE.AD.AA is the most general arterial/vascular biopsy code in ICHI (covering blood vessels not classified elsewhere); it is wider than the SNOMED concept in two ways — it covers veins and other blood vessels in addition to arteries, and it does not restrict the approach to open/surgical.
274333000 (Surgical biopsy of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.AD.AA (Biopsy of bone of unspecified site)MRB.AD.AA is the residual/unspecified-site bone biopsy code in ICHI and captures the generic "bone biopsy" concept without site specificity, matching the SNOMED concept well; it is classified as wider because it does not restrict the approach to surgical/open (percutaneous has a sibling code MRB.AD.AE), and the unspecified-site scope is inherently broader.
274331003 (Surgical biopsy of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AA (Biopsy of breast)LCA.AD.AA "Biopsy of breast" is a direct title match for this concept, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the surgical (open) approach — it encompasses any approach including percutaneous (which has its own code LCA.AD.AE). The SNOMED concept specifically denotes a surgical biopsy, making the ICHI code slightly wider.
287558007 (Surgical biopsy of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.AD.AA (Biopsy of diaphragm)MCX.AD.AA "Biopsy of diaphragm" matches the anatomical target and action precisely; however, the ICHI code does not specify a surgical/open approach (means axis AA = open, which here represents the default unspecified approach rather than explicitly surgical), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's surgical specificity.
268413008 (Surgical biopsy of eyelid)maps to wider conceptBAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of eyelid)BAA.AD.AA is an exact anatomical and procedural match for "biopsy of eyelid"; the ICHI code is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict to the surgical/open approach, encompassing all biopsy approaches of the eyelid (the percutaneous variant is separately coded as BAA.AD.AE).
287523005 (Surgical biopsy of female genitalia)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NMA (Interventions on female genital system)No single assignable ICHI category covers biopsy of female genitalia as a whole; the block "Interventions on female genital system" is the nearest grouping that encompasses all constituent anatomical sites (vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, etc.). The block is broader because it includes all intervention types, not just biopsy.
274355008 (Surgical biopsy of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.AD.AA (Biopsy of liver)KCA.AD.AA covers biopsy of liver without specifying a surgical (open) approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly denotes a surgical/open technique. The more specific open-approach code does not exist in ICHI; KCA.AD.AA is the closest unqualified match.
274339001 (Surgical biopsy of nose)maps to wider conceptJAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of nose)JAA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the nose without specifying approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly denotes a surgical (open) technique; ICHI has no dedicated open-approach nasal biopsy code, so this unqualified code is the best available match.
274340004 (Surgical biopsy of oral structure)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AD.AC (Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)KAZ.AD.AC is the residual biopsy code for the oral cavity as a whole, covering structures not coded elsewhere, and does not specify a surgical approach — making it broader than the SNOMED concept in both anatomical scope and technique. More specific ICHI oral biopsies exist for tongue, lip, gingiva, and salivary gland individually, but none collectively covers "oral structure" as an undifferentiated entity better than this NEC code.
274365002 (Surgical biopsy of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.AD.AA (Biopsy of ovary)The ICHI code exactly names "Biopsy of ovary" and matches the procedure well, but it does not specify "surgical" (open) approach — the open-approach child NMA.AD.AA uses means "AA" (open), making this an equivalent match for a surgical biopsy; however, the SNOMED term "surgical biopsy" could encompass any surgical approach while ICHI's AA means implies open specifically, making it a wider match for the unqualified surgical concept.
274344008 (Surgical biopsy of palate)maps to wider conceptKAZ.AD.AC (Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no unqualified "biopsy of palate" code — it distinguishes only soft palate (KAS.AD.AC) and hard palate (KAT.AD.AA); since the SNOMED concept does not specify which part of the palate, the nearest broader code covering the oral cavity NEC is used.
274354007 (Surgical biopsy of pancreas)maps to wider conceptKCO.AD.AA (Biopsy of pancreas or pancreatic duct)This is the best-matching ICHI code for a surgical (open) pancreatic biopsy, but the title includes "or pancreatic duct" making the ICHI code slightly broader in target scope than the SNOMED concept which refers solely to the pancreas parenchyma.
287518005 (Surgical biopsy of peripheral vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.AD.AA (Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)No specific ICHI code exists for biopsy of a peripheral vessel; IZE.AD.AA covers biopsy of blood vessel NEC with open approach, which is broader in target scope (any blood vessel, not restricted to peripheral) than the SNOMED concept specifying "peripheral vessel."
274347001 (Surgical biopsy of pharynx)maps to wider conceptKAR.AD.AA (Biopsy of oral pharynx)SNOMED's "pharynx" is anatomically unqualified and could include nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx, whereas ICHI's code is restricted to the oral (oro)pharynx specifically; the approach (open/AA) aligns with "surgical biopsy," but the target is narrower in ICHI, making the ICHI code wider relative to the full SNOMED intent.
274357000 (Surgical biopsy of urinary tract)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)ICHI has individual biopsy codes for each urinary tract organ (kidney NAA.AD.AA, ureter NAE.AD.AA, bladder NAI.AD.AA, urethra NAM.AD.AA) but no single code covering the entire urinary tract. The urinary system block (BlockL4-NAA) is the narrowest available container that spans all those structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which already implies a specific but unspecified-site biopsy within the tract.
274345009 (Surgical biopsy of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.AD.AC (Biopsy of soft palate)ICHI has no dedicated uvula biopsy code; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate and its closest parent is KAS.AD.AC (Biopsy of soft palate), which is broader since it covers the entire soft palate rather than just the uvula.
373359009 (Surgical closure of eye structure)maps to wider conceptBZZ.MK.AA (Repair of eye, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes surgical closure of individual eye structures (cornea BBB.MK.AA, sclera BCB.MK.AA, conjunctiva BBA.MK.AA, eyelid BAA.MK.AA, etc.) but has no single code covering a generic closure of an unspecified eye structure; BZZ.MK.AA (Repair of eye, NEC) is the closest available umbrella, though it is broader and includes repairs beyond closure.
49404006 (Surgical collapse of lung by destruction of phrenic nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ACA.GA.AA captures the operative action performed (destruction of a peripheral nerve, which the phrenic nerve is), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it does not specify the phrenic nerve as the target nor encode the therapeutic goal of lung collapse; JBF.LL.AE (Artificial pneumothorax for collapse of lung) was also considered but captures only the outcome by a different mechanism.
301298001 (Surgical dilation of small intestine)maps to wider conceptKBK.LG.AC (Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI code covers dilatation of the small intestine without specifying the approach, matching the anatomical target and action; however, the SNOMED concept specifies "surgical" (implying open or invasive approach), while ICHI's "not elsewhere classified" residual code is approach-agnostic and also has a separate endoscopic variant (KBK.LG.AD), making the ICHI code slightly broader.
66764004 (Surgical electrolysis of skin)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific electrolysis code; electrolysis of skin achieves destruction of tissue (typically hair follicles), which maps to the GA (destruction) action on the skin/subcutaneous target, but LZZ.GA.AH is a broad residual code covering all non-specified destruction methods of skin and subcutaneous tissue regardless of technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
77587003 (Surgical electrolysis of subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)As with electrolysis of skin, ICHI captures no electrolysis-specific code; the subcutaneous target is covered within the same residual destruction code LZZ.GA.AH, which spans both skin and subcutaneous tissue by all unspecified destruction methods, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept.
307107000 (Surgical extraction of non-impacted supernumerary tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.JK.AC (Excision of tooth via incision)KAE.JK.AC covers any surgical excision of a tooth via incision, which encompasses the procedure, but does not capture the "non-impacted" or "supernumerary" specificity. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
239449009 (Surgical manipulation of temporomandibular joint)maps to wider conceptMAJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of head or neck joint)ICHI has no code specifically for manipulation of the temporomandibular joint; MAJ.PA.AH covers all head and neck joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the TMJ.
59000001 (Surgical pathology consultation and report on referred slides prepared elsewhere)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI's Histopathology extension code is the only pathology-examination code available and covers histological examination in general, but it does not capture the consultation nature of reviewing externally prepared slides or the reporting activity specified in the SNOMED term.
385488000 (Surgical procedure on chest wall)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAF (Interventions on chest wall, not otherwise specified)The ICHI block "Interventions on chest wall, not otherwise specified" covers the same anatomical target and is the closest available grouping, but it is a block (organisational grouping) rather than a specific assignable category code, and spans any type of intervention rather than surgical procedures specifically. A block-level assignment is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category with no more specific unambiguous ICHI category code.
373353005 (Surgical procedure on eye proper)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BZA (Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single assignable category code representing "surgical procedure on eye proper" as a whole; the closest structural match is the block "Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified," which covers surgical procedures on the eye when a more specific structure cannot be identified. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept because it also includes non-surgical and functional interventions.
1230415001 (Surgical procedure on left eye region)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-BZA (Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not encode laterality within the main classification code itself (laterality is expressed via extension codes, e.g. appending the "left side" extension); the block "Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified" is the broadest appropriate grouping for an unspecified surgical procedure on the eye region. The ICHI block is wider because it covers all intervention types and both eyes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies left laterality and a surgical approach.
232496002 (Surgical procedure on maxillary sinus)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-JAF (Interventions on maxillary sinus)The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for all surgical procedures on the maxillary sinus. ICHI's BlockL5-JAF is the corresponding organisational block that covers the full range of maxillary sinus interventions; no single category code captures the breadth of the SNOMED grouper, so the block is the best fit and is broader (includes non-surgical interventions such as specimen collection and imaging) than the strictly surgical SNOMED term.
231686003 (Surgical procedure on orbit)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-BAM (Interventions on orbit)The SNOMED concept groups all surgical procedures on the orbit without specifying a particular action or technique. ICHI's BlockL5-BAM covers all interventions on the orbit (surgical and non-surgical), making it wider than the SNOMED concept; no single category code exists for an unspecified orbital surgical procedure, so the block is the most precise available match.
1230416000 (Surgical procedure on right eye region)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system)ICHI has no single code or block for the "eye region" as a combined anatomical target; the closest encompassing block is BlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system), which covers eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, orbit, and the eyeball itself — all structures composing the eye region. Laterality (right) can be expressed via an ICHI extension code, but no category or narrower block matches the full unspecified "eye region" concept.
443641009 (Surgical procedure on skin of chest)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-LAB (Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)ICHI does not subdivide trunk skin by chest vs. abdomen vs. back — the finest available target for skin of chest is BlockL5-LAB, which covers all skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. This block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it includes skin across the entire trunk, not just the chest, and also encompasses non-surgical interventions.
446576006 (Surgical procedure on vascular structure of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-EBC (Interventions on adrenal gland)ICHI has no dedicated code for surgical procedures specifically on the vascular structures (adrenal artery/vein) of the adrenal gland — the adrenal vascular codes (e.g. XA9QC3 Inferior adrenal artery) are extension/entity codes, not assignable intervention categories. The closest assignable scope is the block "Interventions on adrenal gland" (BlockL5-EBC), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on the vascular structures specifically.
274051007 (Surgical reduction of fracture)maps to wider conceptMRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering surgical (i.e. open) reduction of fracture at any bone site, which aligns best with MRB.LD.AA "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site"; however, ICHI is slightly wider in that "unspecified site" is a residual category, whereas ICHI also contains many site-specific open reduction codes that would be narrower — the unspecified-site code is the appropriate placeholder for the undifferentiated SNOMED parent concept.
443398006 (Surgical removal of prosthetic implant from abdominal wall)maps to wider conceptLAB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)LAB.JD.AA is the closest available code — it covers removal of an internal device from the trunk's skin and subcutaneous tissue, which encompasses the abdominal wall layer where a prosthetic implant (e.g., hernia mesh) would reside. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any internal device or foreign body from the entire trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the abdominal wall and specifically a prosthetic implant.
6441000179108 (Surgical removal of sinus of natal cleft)maps to wider conceptLAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)A pilonidal/natal cleft sinus is a sinus tract within the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the sacrococcygeal/trunk region, and its surgical excision is a local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. No more specific ICHI code exists for pilonidal sinus excision; the code is broader in that it covers any local excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than being specific to the natal cleft sinus.
17100006 (Surgical repair of artery of extremity)maps to wider conceptIZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated "repair of artery of extremity" code spanning both upper and lower limb arteries; IZA.MK.AA is the residual "repair of artery, not elsewhere classified" code, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it covers all arteries not classified elsewhere rather than being specific to extremity arteries.
234676003 (Surgical repair of perforation of tooth root)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no code specific to tooth root perforation repair; "Restoration of tooth" (KAE.MK.AC) is the broader category covering repair/sealing of tooth defects including perforations, but encompasses many other restorative procedures not limited to perforation repair.
278500000 (Surgical transposition of stomach)maps to wider conceptKBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of stomach)"Repositioning of stomach" (KBF.LD.AA) covers the same anatomical target and the act of surgically moving the stomach to a new position, which is the core of transposition; however, it is broader because it encompasses any gastric repositioning (e.g., gastropexy) and does not specifically denote transposition into a different body cavity such as the chest.
59446006 (Suture of anal sphincter)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI does not have a code specific to the anal sphincter muscle; "Repair of anus" (KBX.MK.AA) is the closest available code, covering repair procedures in the anus and anal canal region. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all anus repair types, not specifically sphincter suture/sphincterorrhaphy.
88626007 (Suture of bursa)maps to wider conceptMRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI contains no dedicated bursa code in its procedure hierarchy (bursa appears only as an extension/anatomical entity code XA16K5); the closest procedural match is repair of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than the specific concept of bursa suture.
75793007 (Suture of capsule of upper extremity)maps to wider conceptMRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)ICHI has site-specific joint repair codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, and hand, but no single code covering "capsule of upper extremity" as a collective target. MRJ.MK.AA is selected as the best available match; it is broader because it does not specify the upper extremity and "repair of joint" encompasses more than suturing the capsule alone.
473236004 (Suture of cesarean wound for dehiscence)maps to wider conceptNME.MK.AA (Repair of uterus)NME.MK.AA covers repair of the uterus broadly, which encompasses suture of a dehisced cesarean wound, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific indication (dehiscence) or technique (suture), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
82643002 (Suture of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)BBA.MK.AA represents repair of the conjunctiva, which semantically covers suturing as the primary repair method, but the ICHI code is wider in that it does not specify suture as the technique and could encompass other repair modalities.
287315009 (Suture of diaphragm)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)MCX.MK.AA captures repair of the diaphragm and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not constrain the repair to suture as the means and could include other repair techniques.
439494001 (Suture of digital nerve of foot)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)ACA.MK.AA is the closest ICHI match — digital nerves of the foot are peripheral nerves and repair/suture is captured by the MK action — but the code is broader because it covers all peripheral nerves without distinguishing the specific digital nerves of the foot or the suture technique.
439705009 (Suture of digital nerve of hand)maps to wider conceptACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)Digital nerves of the hand are peripheral nerves and ACA.MK.AA is the best available code, but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the anatomical sub-location (hand digits) or the suture technique from other peripheral nerve repair methods.
36811004 (Suture of extraocular muscle)maps to wider conceptBDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)ICHI's "Repair of extraocular muscle" covers the correct target and operative intent, but "repair" is broader than suture specifically — it could also encompass other repair techniques. This is the most precise ICHI code available for this procedure.
7418001 (Suture of fascia to skeletal attachment of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)This is the best-matching ICHI code: it covers the hand/finger region and includes fascia repair. However, "repair of ligament or fascia" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suturing fascia to a skeletal (bony) attachment point.
234919002 (Suture of floor of mouth)maps to wider conceptKAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth repair code; the nearest fit is the residual "Repair of oral cavity, NEC" category, which encompasses the floor of mouth but applies to any oral cavity site not classified elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
173347007 (Suture of gingiva)maps to wider conceptKAG.MK.AC (Repair of gum)"Repair of gum" maps well to the correct anatomical site (gingiva/gum) and operative intent, but the ICHI action MK (repair) is broader than suture specifically, as repair could include other closure or reconstruction techniques.
40836001 (Suture of great vessel)maps to wider conceptIZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes "suture" (primary closure) as a form of repair under action MK; named great-vessel repair codes exist (aortic root, pulmonary vein), but none covers "great vessel" generically, so IZE.MK.AA is the best available code. It is broader because it is not restricted to great vessels and does not distinguish suture from other repair techniques.
74051009 (Suture of hamstring muscle rupture, primary)maps to wider conceptMLM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of thigh)ICHI has no code specific to hamstring suture or rupture repair; MLM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of muscle of the thigh (the anatomical region of the hamstring), which is the closest available code. It is broader because it encompasses any reconstructive procedure on thigh muscle rather than specifically primary suture repair of a hamstring rupture.
359591002 (Suture of laceration of duodenum)maps to wider conceptKBI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of duodenum)ICHI has no dedicated code for suture/closure of a duodenal laceration; KBI.ML.AA (reconstruction of duodenum, open) is the closest available code encompassing surgical repair of duodenal wall defects. It is broader because "reconstruction" covers a range of procedures beyond primary laceration suture.
708790006 (Suture of laceration of lip)maps to wider conceptKAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)KAA.MK.AA represents open repair of the lip, which directly corresponds to the clinical act of suturing a lip laceration. It is coded as wider because "repair of lip" encompasses any repair technique and is not restricted to suture of a laceration specifically.
82104002 (Suture of laceration of salivary gland)maps to wider conceptKAM.MK.AA (Repair of salivary gland or duct)KAM.MK.AA captures open surgical repair of the salivary gland or duct, which aligns with the intent of suturing a salivary gland laceration. It is wider because it covers both gland and duct repairs using any repair technique, not exclusively suture of a laceration.
708626003 (Suture of laceration of scrotum and tunica vaginalis)maps to wider conceptNGG.MK.AA (Repair of scrotum)NGG.MK.AA covers repair of scrotum generally, which aligns with scrotal laceration suture, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies involvement of the tunica vaginalis — a distinct structure for which ICHI has no combined repair code — making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
1137341005 (Suture of laceration of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue)KAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue) captures the same anatomical target and restorative intent as suturing a tongue laceration, but it is broader because it encompasses any repair method and indication, not just suture of a laceration specifically.
708635005 (Suture of laceration of vas deferens and epididymis)maps to wider conceptNGD.MK.AA (Repair of spermatic cord)NGD.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code — it covers repair within the spermatic cord block, which includes the vas deferens — but the SNOMED concept also specifies the epididymis (a separate structure) and restricts the method to suture of a laceration, making the ICHI code broader and anatomically less precise.
46485008 (Suture of ligament of knee)maps to wider conceptMML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)MML.MK.AA matches the anatomical target and restorative purpose precisely, but "repair" in ICHI is broader than "suture" alone (it could include other repair techniques), and ICHI does not distinguish between specific knee ligaments, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
26050006 (Suture of old obstetrical laceration of vagina)maps to wider conceptNMH.MK.AC (Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach)NMH.MK.AC covers repair of the vagina via transvaginal approach, which aligns with the surgical action and site; however, ICHI does not distinguish between obstetrical versus non-obstetrical aetiology or acute versus delayed ("old") repair, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
67542001 (Suture of periosteum of phalanges of hand)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MGB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand)ICHI has no dedicated repair/suture code for periosteum of the hand — the bone of hand/finger block contains no MK (repair) action category. The parent block covering all musculoskeletal structures of the hand is the closest assignable grouping, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
47329006 (Suture of periosteum of vertebra)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)No MK (repair) action code exists for vertebral periosteum anywhere in the vertebral column section of ICHI; the specific vertebral column block is the most appropriate grouping available, but it is far broader than suturing the periosteum of a vertebra.
28961007 (Suture of skin wound of limb)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies suture (a specific repair technique) of skin of a limb, while ICHI captures "repair" of skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site — limb-specific codes exist (LAE/LAG) but cannot resolve the ambiguity of upper vs. lower limb, so the NEC code is used and is broader in both technique and location.
50594003 (Suture of subcutaneous tissue without skin graft)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI groups skin and subcutaneous tissue repair together under MK (repair) with no separate subcutaneous-only category, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets subcutaneous tissue alone without a skin graft; no site is specified in the SNOMED term, so the NEC code is appropriate.
68833003 (Suture of sympathetic ganglion)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)The sympathetic nervous system block in ICHI only contains excision and anaesthetic injection categories — no repair or suture action code exists for sympathetic ganglia. The residual unspecified category for the sympathetic nervous system is the only available code and is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.
37848002 (Suture of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)ICHI does not have a code specifically for suture/repair of the tendon sheath (the synovial sleeve around the tendon); MRT.MK.AA covers repair of the tendon itself at an unspecified site, which is the closest structural match but broader because it targets the tendon rather than its sheath and encompasses any repair technique beyond suturing alone.
63690003 (Suture of thoracic duct by cervical approach)maps to wider conceptDFO.MK.AA (Repair of lymphatic vessels)ICHI has no dedicated thoracic duct suture code; the thoracic duct block (DFP) contains only fistula closure and occlusion codes. DFO.MK.AA (repair of lymphatic vessels, unspecified) is the nearest match, but it is broader — it does not specify the thoracic duct as target or the cervical surgical approach.
40672006 (Suture of thoracic duct by thoracic approach)maps to wider conceptDFO.MK.AA (Repair of lymphatic vessels)No ICHI code captures direct suture of the thoracic duct; DFO.MK.AA is the closest available code, but it is anatomically non-specific and does not encode the thoracic (thoracoscopic or open thoracic) approach.
440303005 (Suture of tongue to lip for micrognathia)maps to wider conceptKAB.LC.AC (Fixation of tongue)Suturing the tongue to the lip to relieve airway obstruction in micrognathia (glossopexy) is a tongue fixation procedure, and KAB.LC.AC is the only ICHI code that captures this functional intent; it is broader because it does not specify the lip as the fixation point, the suture technique, or the indication of micrognathia.
9191009 (Suture of tonsillar fossa)maps to wider conceptKAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)ICHI has no code for suture of the tonsillar fossa specifically, and the tonsil block (DAA) contains no repair or closure code. The tonsillar fossa is anatomically part of the lateral wall of the oropharynx, so KAR.MK.AA (repair of oral pharynx) is the closest available match, though it is broader in both site and technique.
40011006 (Suture of uvula)maps to wider conceptKAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)ICHI does not have a specific code for suture of the uvula; KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate) sits in the "Interventions on soft palate" block that covers the uvula (the uvula is an appendage of the soft palate), but the code covers the entire soft palate rather than the uvula specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
473378008 (Suture plication of artery by transanal approach for control of anorectal hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptKBW.LA.AA (Control of bleeding of rectum)ICHI has no code capturing suture plication of an artery via transanal approach for anorectal hemorrhage; KBW.LA.AA is the closest available code, covering the same clinical goal but without specifying the surgical technique, the vessel targeted, or the transanal approach.
473276009 (Suture plication of artery for control of rectal hemorrhage)maps to wider conceptKBW.LA.AA (Control of bleeding of rectum)ICHI has no code for open surgical suture plication of an artery for rectal hemorrhage; KBW.LA.AA (Control of bleeding of rectum) covers the same clinical objective but without capturing the specific surgical technique (suture plication of artery), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
417709003 (Sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation)maps to wider conceptBBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens in general (within the "Interventions on lens" block under the visual system), but does not specify the posterior chamber location or the suture-fixation technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
449179005 (Suturing of capsule of interphalangeal joint of hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)MGJ.MK.AA represents repair of any finger or hand joint structure, which encompasses capsule suturing of an interphalangeal joint but is broader — it does not specify the capsule, the suture method, or the interphalangeal joint subtype (proximal vs. distal).
447735009 (Suturing of capsule of metacarpophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)MGJ.MK.AA covers repair of any finger or hand joint and is the best available match; ICHI does not distinguish metacarpophalangeal joint capsule repair from other repair procedures within this joint group, making the code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
448806005 (Suturing of laceration of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus broadly and is the closest available ICHI code; it does not specify suturing, the laceration aetiology, or distinguish from other repair types, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
446288009 (Suturing of laceration of gingiva)maps to wider conceptKAG.MK.AC (Repair of gum)KAG.MK.AC represents repair of the gum (gingiva) as a whole without specifying suturing of a laceration, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI code within the "Interventions on gingiva" block.
448112002 (Suturing of ligament of interphalangeal joint of hand)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, which encompasses suturing of a ligament at the interphalangeal joint. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the interphalangeal joint or the suturing technique specifically.
448111009 (Suturing of ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint)maps to wider conceptMGL.MK.AA (Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)MGL.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for repair of ligaments in the hand/finger region, which encompasses the metacarpophalangeal joint. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all ligament/fascia repair of the hand or finger without distinguishing the specific joint.
446937004 (Suturing of scalp)maps to wider conceptLAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, which encompasses suturing of the scalp as the most common form of scalp repair. The ICHI code is broader as it includes the entire head/neck region and all repair modalities, not just suturing of the scalp specifically.
313513005 (Sweat weight measurement)maps to wider conceptLT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for sweat weight measurement (a gravimetric test of sudomotor/eccrine gland output); LT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of skin in general, making it broader than this specific sweat-quantification test. No sweat-specific measurement code exists in ICHI.
439523004 (Sympathectomy of digital artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of artery of upper limb)ICHI has no code specific to periarterial sympathectomy (stripping sympathetic nerve fibres from an arterial wall) of the digital artery; the closest available code covers partial excision of the upper limb artery broadly, which is wider than this specific digital artery periarterial nerve-stripping procedure.
439998005 (Sympathectomy of radial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of artery of upper limb)ICHI lacks a dedicated code for periarterial sympathectomy of the radial artery specifically; ICA.JJ.AA (partial excision of artery of upper limb) is the best available anatomically-targeted code but is considerably broader, covering the entire upper limb artery category rather than the radial artery alone.
287246006 (Sympathetic nerve divided)maps to wider conceptADA.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified)Nerve division (transection) is functionally equivalent to partial excision in ICHI terms, but no specific site is stated, so region-specific codes cannot be assigned. ADA.ZZ.ZZ covers all unspecified sympathetic nervous system interventions and is broader than this specific operative act.
1186622005 (Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - pressure-control pressure-support inflation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)ICHI's only ventilation intervention code is JTB.DE.AC "Artificial ventilation," which encompasses all modes of mechanical ventilation including SIMV with pressure-control pressure-support; the ICHI code is considerably broader, making no distinction between ventilation modes.
1186621003 (Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - volume control pressure-support inflation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)JTB.DE.AC "Artificial ventilation" is the single ICHI code for all mechanical ventilatory support and subsumes this specific SIMV volume-control pressure-support mode without differentiating it from other ventilation strategies.
229227007 (Tactile awareness work)maps to wider conceptAVD.PH.ZZ (Training of touch functions)"Tactile awareness work" is a specific occupational therapy/rehabilitation technique focused on developing tactile perception, which falls within the ICHI concept of training touch functions. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any training of touch functions, not specifically "awareness" approaches.
234751009 (Take impression for inlay)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)"Restoration of tooth" is the best available ICHI code because an inlay is a form of dental restoration; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the impression-taking preparatory step rather than the full restoration procedure.
234773002 (Take impression for labial gingival veneer)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)A labial gingival veneer is a restorative dental procedure, and "Restoration of tooth" is the closest available ICHI code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the impression-taking step for this particular veneer type rather than the full restoration workflow.
234753007 (Take impression for post core)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)Taking a dental impression for a post-and-core build-up is a preparatory step within tooth restoration; ICHI has no specific "dental impression" code, and the closest contextually appropriate code is restoration of tooth, which encompasses the broader restorative procedure that the impression serves.
234755000 (Take impression for removable orthodontic appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)Taking a dental impression for a removable orthodontic appliance is a diagnostic/preparatory step in the workflow of fitting and managing external tooth appliances; ICHI has no impression-specific code, and "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest encompassing code covering removable orthodontic device care.
234769000 (Take impression for sleep apnea appliance)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)A mandibular advancement device for sleep apnea is a removable dental appliance, and taking the impression is a preparatory step in its fitting; ICHI offers no sleep-apnea-specific or impression-specific dental code, making "Management of external appliance of tooth" the broadest reasonable fit.
234768008 (Take impression for speech aid)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A speech aid (palatal lift or similar intraoral device) is a dental appliance, and taking the impression is the initial step before its application; ICHI does not have a dedicated impression or speech-aid code, and "Application of dental device" is the most relevant broader category available.
234767003 (Take impression for speech bulb)maps to wider conceptKAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)A speech bulb (palatal obturator prosthesis for velopharyngeal insufficiency) is a dental/oral device, and impression-taking is its fabrication prerequisite; as with other speech prosthetic impressions, ICHI subsumes this under the broader "Application of dental device" code as no more specific match exists.
315045009 (Taking aspirin education)maps to wider conceptUAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying education specifically about aspirin (a single drug). ICHI has no narrower code for education about a specific medication.
82856007 (Taking neurologic vital signs)maps to wider conceptAZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified)Taking neurologic vital signs (GCS, pupil response, motor strength, etc.) is a specific subset of neurological assessment; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but covers all neurological assessments, making it broader than the focused vital-sign-taking activity described in the SNOMED concept.
425058005 (Taking orthostatic vital signs)maps to wider conceptITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure)Orthostatic vital signs involve serial blood pressure (and pulse) measurements in lying, sitting, and standing positions; ITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure) is the best available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not encode the positional/orthostatic protocol, and pulse measurement is not captured.
410188000 (Taking patient vital signs assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Taking patient vital signs assessment" is a specific structured clinical act covering a defined set of physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respirations, SpO2), whereas PZB.AA.ZZ "General health assessment" is broader, covering any whole-person assessment. No ICHI code specifically represents a multi-parameter vital signs assessment bundle.
410190004 (Taking patient vital signs management)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)"Vital signs management" implies ongoing monitoring and clinical decision-making around vital parameters, which maps most closely to PZB.AA.ZZ as a general whole-person assessment action; no ICHI code captures the management/monitoring dimension of a vital signs encounter specifically, making this a wider and approximate fit.
312881002 (Taking skin swab)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated code for skin swab or surface/dermal specimen collection; the closest available category is PZX.AH.ZZ "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified," which covers specimen collection from any site not specifically enumerated, making it broader than the specific SNOMED skin swab concept.
312876006 (Taking urethral swab)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)The ICHI urethra block (NAM) contains no specimen collection code, and no urethral swab-specific code exists elsewhere in ICHI; PZX.AH.ZZ "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified" is the only applicable category, capturing the specimen collection action but without the urethral site specificity of the SNOMED concept.
90273005 (Talectomy for foot stabilization)maps to wider conceptMOB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of bone of foot or toe)Talectomy is the total excision (ostectomy) of the talus, a specific bone of the foot. MOB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of any bone of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the talus specifically and the indication (foot stabilization).
274960001 (Talma omentopexy)maps to wider conceptKMA.LC.AA (Omentopexy)Talma omentopexy is a specific historical technique of omentopexy (suturing the omentum to the abdominal wall to promote collateral circulation), which maps well to KMA.LC.AA. The ICHI code covers omentopexy generally without specifying the Talma technique, making it slightly broader.
64861002 (Talma-Morison operation, omentopexy)maps to wider conceptKMA.LC.AA (Omentopexy)The Talma-Morison operation is an eponymous name for omentopexy, the same procedure as concept 274960001. KMA.LC.AA (Omentopexy) is the correct mapping but is broader as it does not capture the specific eponymous surgical technique described in SNOMED.
724161009 (Tamoxifen therapy)maps to wider conceptUAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications)Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used as pharmacological therapy; ICHI has no specific code for tamoxifen or endocrine/hormonal cancer therapy. UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest available code, but is far broader than the specific tamoxifen regimen described by the SNOMED concept.
401209001 (Tandem gait test)maps to wider conceptMVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)The tandem gait test is a specific neurological/balance assessment where the patient walks heel-to-toe in a straight line. MVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern) is the most precise available ICHI code and covers this well, but is broader as it encompasses any gait pattern test rather than the specific tandem walk method.
252955002 (Tanner bone age assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BA (X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)Tanner bone age assessment is a specific radiographic method using hand/wrist X-rays interpreted against Tanner standards to determine skeletal maturity; ICHI has no dedicated bone age assessment code, and MZZ.BA.BA captures the radiographic modality on the musculoskeletal system but is broader, lacking the assessment/interpretation and specific anatomical site dimensions.
70711000052105 (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 bone age assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BA (X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)TW2 is a specific validated scoring method applied to hand/wrist radiographs; like the parent Tanner concept, no ICHI code exists for bone age assessment specifically, and MZZ.BA.BA is the best available approximation covering the radiographic component but is substantially broader and omits the structured scoring methodology.
70721000052102 (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 RUS (radius-ulna-short bones) bone age assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BA (X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)The TW2 RUS variant specifically scores the radius, ulna and short bones of the hand, making it even more granular than the general TW2 method; ICHI has separate codes for forearm bone X-ray (MFB.BA.BA) and hand bone X-ray (MGB.BA.BA) but neither captures the combined multi-site radiographic scoring, so MZZ.BA.BA NEC remains the best available fit.
70731000052100 (Tanner-Whitehouse 3 bone age assessment)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BA (X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)TW3 is the updated revision of the Tanner-Whitehouse bone age scoring method applied to hand/wrist radiographs; as with TW2, no ICHI code exists for this specific assessment methodology, and MZZ.BA.BA is the closest available code covering radiographic imaging of the musculoskeletal system without the assessment/interpretation or method-specific granularity.
73924003 (Tarsal tunnel release)maps to wider conceptACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)Tarsal tunnel release specifically decompresses the tibial nerve by dividing the flexor retinaculum at the medial ankle, while ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve at any site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the tibial nerve or the ankle/tarsal location.
14792009 (Tattooing)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Tattooing (medical or cosmetic) involves injecting pigment into the dermal layer, which is captured mechanistically by LZZ.DB.AE, but this code is broader as it applies to any injected substance into any skin site without specifying pigment/tattooing intent or body region.
417679006 (Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte bowel scan)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)KZZ.BA.BE captures nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, which matches the bowel target and nuclear medicine modality of this scan, but it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO radiolabelled leukocyte tracer, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
416112003 (Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte hip scan)maps to wider conceptMLJ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of hip joint)MLJ.BA.BE accurately identifies nuclear imaging of the hip joint, matching both the anatomical target and imaging modality, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO radiolabelled leukocyte tracer used.
416197005 (Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte knee scan)maps to wider conceptMMJ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of knee joint)The ICHI code covers any nuclear imaging study of the knee joint and is the most specific available code for this procedure's anatomical target (knee). It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO-labelled leukocyte tracer or the infection-detection purpose.
417464007 (Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte scan)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)This whole-body labelled leukocyte scan has no anatomically specific target, so the closest ICHI code is the whole-body radioisotope scan. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for labelled leukocyte scintigraphy, making this a broader match that omits the specific tracer and clinical indication.
241412004 (Tc99m granulocyte (phagocytosis) study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Tc-99m granulocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body radioisotope scan using radiolabelled granulocytes; ICHI has no specific code for this tracer or phagocytosis-based technique, so the whole-body radioisotope scan code is the best available match, though broader.
241411006 (Tc99m mixed leukocyte study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Tc-99m mixed leukocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body nuclear medicine study for which ICHI has no dedicated code; the whole-body radioisotope scan captures the imaging modality and anatomical scope but is broader, omitting the specific cell-labelling technique.
303867000 (Tc99m-labeled colloid liver study - static)maps to wider conceptKCA.BA.BE (Liver scan and radioisotope function study)KCA.BA.BE explicitly covers liver scan and radioisotope function studies, directly corresponding to a Tc-99m colloid liver scan. It is slightly broader because it does not specify the static acquisition technique or the colloid tracer specifically.
241391008 (Tc99m-MIBI parathyroid study)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE covers parathyroid radionuclide scanning broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies the Tc99m-MIBI (sestamibi) radiopharmaceutical agent — a particular technique within parathyroid scanning. The ICHI code does not distinguish between different radiotracer agents, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
445641000124105 (Technical nutrition education)maps to wider conceptUAB.PM.ZZ (Education about food)UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food as an environmental/health intervention target, which aligns with structured nutritional education delivered to patients. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the "technical" (clinician-delivered, formal dietary instruction) specificity implied by the SNOMED concept.
314849005 (Telephone contact by consultant)maps to wider conceptXG6UP2 (Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location)XG6UP2 is an ICHI Telehealth extension code covering any intervention delivered with advice or assistance from a distant location, which encompasses telephone contact by a consultant but is broader as it covers all remote modalities and provider types, not just telephone-based specialist contact.
43988005 (Temporary tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJBA.LI.AA (Tracheostomy)ICHI has a single code for tracheostomy without distinguishing temporary vs. permanent intent; JBA.LI.AA is the closest assignable code and covers the procedure itself, but is broader because it does not capture the temporary nature specified in the SNOMED concept.
57944009 (Tendon pulley reconstruction)maps to wider conceptMGT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger)ICHI does not have a code specific to pulley reconstruction, but tendon pulley reconstruction is almost exclusively a hand/finger procedure (annular pulleys of the flexor tendon sheath), and MGT.ML.AA covers reconstruction of tendon structures of the hand or finger. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all types of tendon reconstruction at that site rather than specifically pulley reconstruction.
178146006 (Tendon transfer to extensor tendon of hand)maps to wider conceptMGT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger)MGT.LJ.AA directly covers tendon transfer procedures of the hand or finger, which matches the procedure type and anatomical site well. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the specific recipient tendon (extensor vs. flexor) targeted in the SNOMED concept.
222544006 (Tenectomy of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRT.JJ.AA (Tenonectomy of unspecified site)Tenonectomy (partial or complete excision of a tendon) is the closest ICHI concept to tenectomy of tendon sheath; however, ICHI's MRT.JJ.AA does not distinguish the sheath from the tendon body itself, and the unspecified site means anatomic specificity is lost, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
66583008 (Tenorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptMRT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of unspecified site)Tenorrhaphy (suture repair of a tendon) maps well to "Repair of tendon" in ICHI, as MK (repair/suture) is the standard action for this procedure; the code is wider because it does not specify a body site and "repair" in ICHI can encompass methods beyond simple suture.
14194004 (Tenotomy of adductor of hip, subcutaneous, open, with obturator neurectomy)maps to wider conceptMKT.FA.AA (Tenotomy of pelvic region)MKT.FA.AA is the only ICHI code for tenotomy in the hip/pelvic region and matches the primary procedure well, but it is broader because it omits the concurrent obturator neurectomy component and does not capture the subcutaneous open approach as a distinct feature.
182705007 (Tension pneumothorax relief)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)Tension pneumothorax relief is typically performed by needle decompression — a percutaneous procedure on the pleural cavity to evacuate trapped air — which maps to percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses drainage of any pleural cavity content (fluid or air) and any clinical indication, not specifically tension pneumothorax.
385729007 (Terminal care assessment)maps to wider conceptPZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)ICHI has no specific terminal care or end-of-life assessment code; the broadest relevant match is general health assessment of the whole person (PZB.AA.ZZ), which is the assessment action applied to a patient holistically. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any general health assessment irrespective of terminal/palliative context.
71773009 (Test for Nikolsky's sign)maps to wider conceptLT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)Nikolsky's sign is a specific bedside clinical test of skin fragility/cohesion (a skin function), but ICHI has no dedicated code for this eponymous test. LT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, NEC) is the closest match — it covers testing of skin functions under the integumentary system block, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
252696001 (Test of the limb)maps to wider conceptMZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no code specific to examination or testing of a limb as a whole; MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system NEC, which is the closest structural match, but is broader in scope (entire musculoskeletal system, not limb-specific) and uses "assessment" rather than "test."
163382007 (Testicular self-examination)maps to wider conceptVDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours)Testicular self-examination is a cancer screening self-check behaviour; ICHI does not model patient self-examination as a clinical act, but VDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours) captures the clinical context most precisely — instructing/educating a patient to perform testicular self-examination is the interventional act a clinician performs. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all screening behaviour education, not testicle-specific self-exam.
167212004 (Tetracosactrin test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no code for an ACTH stimulation/cosyntropin (tetracosactrin) test specifically; the closest concept is ETK.AA.ZZ, which covers assessment of endocrine gland functions in general. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any endocrine function assessment, not specifically the adrenal cortex response to synthetic ACTH.
90287005 (Thalamectomy)maps to wider conceptAAA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain)ICHI does not have a thalamus-specific surgical code; the brain intervention block (BlockL5-AAA) only codes at the level of the whole brain. AAA.GA.AA (destruction of lesion or tissue of brain) is the closest functional equivalent to thalamectomy, but it is broader because it applies to any brain target rather than specifically the thalamus.
241390009 (Thallium 201 parathyroid study)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE covers any parathyroid nuclear imaging scan and is a close match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide (thallium-201 vs. Tc-99m sestamibi, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept names the specific isotope and therefore carries more granular detail.
288127000 (Therapeutic aspiration - nervous system)maps to wider conceptAZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for therapeutic aspiration anywhere in the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, meninges); ICHI has no single "aspiration of nervous system" category, so the NEC residual for the entire nervous system chapter is used. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all nervous system interventions, not just aspiration.
265606003 (Therapeutic aspiration of hydrocele)maps to wider conceptNGL.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of testes)A hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis of the testis, and therapeutic aspiration of it is captured under the testis interventions block; ICHI's own terminology uses "aspiration" for this code, making it the closest match. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any percutaneous aspiration of the testis, not exclusively hydrocele aspiration.
182528006 (Therapeutic aspiration of hygroma)maps to wider conceptDFZ.JB.AA (Drainage of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)A hygroma (cystic hygroma / lymphatic hygroma) is a cystic lymphatic malformation, making the lymphatic structure NEC drainage code the best anatomical match in ICHI; the ICHI code is wider as it covers drainage of any unspecified lymphatic structure by any approach, not exclusively needle aspiration of hygroma.
174474002 (Therapeutic aspiration of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of liver)Therapeutic aspiration of the liver is performed percutaneously and is semantically equivalent to percutaneous drainage; ICHI uses the broader term "drainage" which encompasses needle aspiration and does not restrict the indication to therapeutic use.
274434007 (Therapeutic aspiration of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung)ICHI has no dedicated "aspiration of lung" or "percutaneous drainage of lung parenchyma" code; "Puncture of lung" (percutaneous approach, lung parenchyma target) is the closest structural match, but it covers both diagnostic and therapeutic puncture and does not distinguish aspiration from simple puncture.
274432006 (Therapeutic aspiration of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of ovary)ICHI "Percutaneous drainage of ovary" is the direct structural equivalent for therapeutic aspiration of the ovary; the ICHI term "drainage" is slightly broader than "aspiration" and does not restrict to therapeutic intent, making the ICHI code marginally wider.
288130007 (Therapeutic aspiration prostatic abscess)maps to wider conceptNGA.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of prostate)ICHI explicitly uses "aspiration" of the prostate via a percutaneous approach, which matches the procedure well; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any percutaneous prostatic aspiration (not just abscess drainage), while the SNOMED concept is limited to the specific indication of a prostatic abscess.
398765001 (Therapeutic barium enema for reduction of intussusception)maps to wider conceptKBP.LD.AC (Reduction of colon by enema)ICHI captures the reduction-by-enema mechanism applied to the colon, which aligns with the ileocolic intussusception scenario, but does not specify barium as the medium nor the underlying condition (intussusception), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
171791003 (Therapeutic cervical epidural injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ICHI targets the spinal canal (which contains the epidural space) with anaesthetic injection, but does not distinguish the cervical level or confirm epidural vs. intrathecal placement, making it broader than the level-specific SNOMED concept.
171788003 (Therapeutic lumbar epidural injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)ICHI's spinal canal injection code is the closest available match, but it does not distinguish the lumbar level or confirm epidural (vs. intrathecal) placement, making it broader than the level-specific SNOMED concept.
179275000 (Therapeutic percutaneous puncture of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)The ICHI code matches on target (bone, unspecified site) and means (percutaneous, AE), but action AD denotes biopsy — a diagnostic tissue-sampling puncture — whereas the SNOMED concept is explicitly therapeutic (e.g. intraosseous access or aspiration for treatment). No dedicated therapeutic percutaneous bone puncture code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available code and is broader than the SNOMED intent.
74768004 (Therapeutic phlebotomy at bedside)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)ICHI has no venesection or therapeutic phlebotomy code; DIA.JH.AF covers deliberate removal of blood from a patient, which is the operative mechanism of therapeutic phlebotomy, but is broader because it also encompasses non-therapeutic blood collection and does not encode the bedside setting or therapeutic intent.
27932008 (Therapeutic phlebotomy in laboratory)maps to wider conceptDIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)ICHI does not distinguish setting (laboratory vs bedside) nor therapeutic vs non-therapeutic blood removal, so DIA.JH.AF is the best available code but is broader than the SNOMED phlebotomy concept.
225067007 (Therapeutic plasma exchange)maps to wider conceptDIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)Therapeutic plasma exchange is the predominant and prototypical form of apheresis, and the ICHI code is explicitly therapeutic, making this a close match; however, therapeutic apheresis also encompasses leukapheresis, plateletpheresis, and other component-removal procedures, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
171789006 (Therapeutic sacral epidural injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)The sacral epidural space is the caudal portion of the spinal canal, and the percutaneous approach (AE) fits. ICHI is broader because the code covers injection into any level of the spinal canal, not specifically the sacral/caudal epidural space, and does not distinguish therapeutic from anaesthetic injections.
449229004 (Therapeutic suctioning of trachea via tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to suctioning performed via a tracheostomy stoma; JZZ.JB.AC is the NEC airway-suctioning residual category that covers this route, but it is broader because it encompasses any unclassified airway suctioning method.
10763001 (Therapeutic termination of pregnancy by insertion of laminaria)maps to wider conceptNMF.LH.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device)Insertion of laminaria (a hygroscopic cervical dilator) achieves slow mechanical dilation of the cervical canal with the laminaria itself serving as the inserted device, making this code a close structural match. ICHI is broader because the code is not restricted to the context of termination of pregnancy and covers any cervical dilation with device insertion regardless of indication.
171790002 (Therapeutic thoracic epidural injection)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ABG.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal canal by percutaneous approach, which encompasses the epidural space, but the ICHI code does not specify the thoracic level or the therapeutic (vs anaesthetic/destructive) agent class, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
1366527001 (Therapeutic transforaminal epidural injection of spine)maps to wider conceptABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)ICHI has no dedicated transforaminal epidural code; ABG.DB.AE (percutaneous injection into spinal canal) is the closest available code but does not capture the transforaminal route or the selective nerve root targeting, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
305096000 (Therapeutic upper limb stretching)maps to wider conceptMTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility)Upper limb stretching is a ROM/flexibility technique that operates primarily through joint mobility, and MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility) is the closest functional rehabilitation code available; however, it covers all joints/body regions and does not encode the upper limb specificity or the stretching technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
311649007 (Therapy to promote consonant-vowel combinations)maps to wider conceptJUD.PH.ZZ (Training of articulation functions)Consonant-vowel combination therapy is a specific early-speech articulation intervention that falls squarely within the ICHI domain of articulation function training (JUD.PH.ZZ); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the phonological target (CV combinations) or the developmental/therapeutic framing of the SNOMED concept.
311629003 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of complex phrases)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving spoken messages broadly, which encompasses recognising complex phrases, but ICHI does not distinguish the linguistic complexity level (complex vs. simple phrases). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
311631007 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of complex sentences)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)As with complex phrases, SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving any spoken messages and does not capture the specific focus on complex sentence structures, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept.
311627001 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of concrete words)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)SEA.PH.ZZ addresses training in receiving spoken messages without differentiating word-level targets or the concrete/abstract dimension, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which targets single concrete vocabulary items.
311633005 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of conversation)maps to wider conceptSGA.PH.ZZ (Training in having a conversation)SGA.PH.ZZ is the closest match because the SNOMED concept explicitly targets comprehension of conversational discourse, and ICHI's training in having a conversation covers the conversational modality; however, ICHI includes both receptive and expressive dimensions of conversation, making it broader than the purely receptive focus of this SNOMED concept.
311635003 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of humor)maps to wider conceptAUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)Humor comprehension is a higher-order pragmatic and cognitive skill (theory of mind, inferencing, non-literal language), making AUH.PH.ZZ (training of higher-level cognitive functions) the best available ICHI code; it is broader because it encompasses many cognitive domains beyond humor recognition specifically.
311632000 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of long paragraphs)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)The SNOMED concept targets a specific sub-task of auditory/receptive language therapy (comprehending long paragraphs) whereas ICHI's SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving spoken messages broadly, without any distinction by linguistic unit length.
311637006 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of paralinguistic aspects of speech)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)Paralinguistic aspects (tone, prosody, stress, intonation) are conveyed through the spoken channel, so SEA.PH.ZZ (training in receiving spoken messages) is the closest available code; however it does not distinguish paralinguistic content from literal verbal content, making it broader.
311636002 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of sarcasm)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)Sarcasm comprehension is a pragmatic/social-cognitive skill embedded in processing spoken language; ICHI has no code for pragmatic inference or non-literal language, so SEA.PH.ZZ (training in receiving spoken messages) is the best fit, albeit much broader than this specific pragmatic sub-skill.
311628006 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of simple phrases)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)Training comprehension of simple phrases is a foundational level of receptive spoken-language therapy, which maps directly to the activity domain of receiving spoken messages (SEA.PH.ZZ); ICHI does not encode linguistic complexity or structural unit, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept.
311630008 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of simple sentences)maps to wider conceptSEA.PH.ZZ (Training in receiving spoken messages)Like the phrase-level concept above, this targets a specific linguistic unit (simple sentences) within receptive language therapy; SEA.PH.ZZ captures the same activity-level domain of training in spoken message reception but at a coarser granularity.
311634004 (Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)This SNOMED concept targets a highly specific sub-goal of language therapy (recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech). ICHI's AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of all mental functions of language without distinguishing comprehension vs. expression, receptive vs. spontaneous, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
311626005 (Therapy to promote sentence use)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Sentence-level expressive language therapy is a specific linguistic goal within aphasia/language rehabilitation; ICHI AUI.PH.ZZ is the best available code but covers training of all mental functions of language (comprehension, expression, syntax, semantics) without this level of granularity.
311625009 (Therapy to promote use of phrases)maps to wider conceptAUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)Phrase-level expressive language therapy is a specific sub-goal targeting a linguistic unit below the sentence; ICHI AUI.PH.ZZ is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering training of mental functions of language in general without phrase-level specificity.
24698003 (Thermocauterization of lesion of uvula palatina)maps to wider conceptKAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)The ICHI code captures destruction of the soft palate as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically thermocauterization of a lesion on the uvula (a sub-part of the soft palate). ICHI does not have a code specific to uvula lesion destruction, so the soft palate destruction code is the closest match but is broader.
713348007 (Thermoplasty of bronchus)maps to wider conceptJBB.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus)Bronchial thermoplasty (bronchoscopic delivery of controlled radiofrequency thermal energy to airway smooth muscle) is an endoscopic, destructive intervention on the bronchus, aligning best with JBB.GA.AD; however, the ICHI code covers any endoscopic destruction of bronchial tissue and does not specify the thermoplasty technique.
117023006 (Thick film peripheral blood smear)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination generically without distinguishing between thick and thin film preparation techniques, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the thick-film method used for parasite detection.
119671002 (Thigh closure)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.MK.AA is the closest available code, covering repair (including wound closure) of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb; it is broader because it encompasses the entire lower limb rather than just the thigh, and repair covers more than simple wound closure.
119676007 (Thigh destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptLAG.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)LAG.GA.AH is the best available match for a destructive procedure at the thigh, but it is broader as it covers the entire lower limb rather than the thigh specifically, and it is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue whereas the SNOMED concept is not restricted to a particular tissue layer.
119683000 (Thigh manipulation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MLB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh)ICHI has no dedicated manipulation of thigh code as a non-joint soft-tissue intervention; the closest specific joint codes (hip, knee) are anatomically adjacent but not the thigh itself. The block is the broadest valid anchor for this general SNOMED category concept.
119674005 (Thigh repair)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MLB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh)ICHI lacks a generic repair of thigh category code; specific repair codes exist only for adjacent structures (hip cartilage, knee ligaments) but none cover the thigh as a whole target, so the thigh musculoskeletal block is the best available wider anchor.
117024000 (Thin film peripheral blood smear method)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination generally and does not distinguish the thin-film (vs. thick-film) preparation technique specified in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific method described.
439823007 (Thoracentesis with insertion of pleural tube)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)ICHI does not have a dedicated tube thoracostomy or chest drain insertion code; JCB.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity) covers the drainage outcome but is broader in that it does not specify the mechanism of tube placement that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a simple thoracentesis.
287322001 (Thoracic duct operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DFP (Interventions on thoracic duct)This SNOMED concept is a grouping term covering all procedures on the thoracic duct; the ICHI block similarly groups all interventions on the thoracic duct and is broader than any single assignable category code, making it the appropriate match for this non-specific parent concept.
39083009 (Thoracic esophagostomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.LI.AA (Oesophagostomy)KBA.LI.AA represents the creation of an oesophagostomy without specifying the thoracic segment, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly locates the stoma in the thoracic oesophagus.
229317003 (Thoracic traction)maps to wider conceptMBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)MBZ.LC.AE covers traction applied to the spine in general (not elsewhere classified), while the SNOMED concept is specifically thoracic-level spinal traction; no thoracic-specific traction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest match but broader in anatomical scope.
1366217008 (Thoracoscopic excision of chest wall using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptPAF.JI.AB (Thoracoscopic local excision of lesion of chest wall)PAF.JI.AB is the only thoracoscopic chest wall excision code in ICHI and aligns well on approach and target, but it specifies local excision of a lesion rather than excision of the chest wall itself, and robotic assistance is not encoded in the base code.
444080008 (Thoracoscopic excision of cyst of pericardium)maps to wider conceptHFF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pericardium)HFF.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion (including a cyst) of the pericardium, which matches the anatomical target and action, but it does not specify the thoracoscopic approach (means axis is AA = open) and no thoracoscopic variant of this code exists in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader in approach and less specific in pathology type.
1366228007 (Thoracoscopic excision of lung using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptJBF.JK.AB (Thoracoscopic pneumonectomy)JBF.JK.AB is the thoracoscopic total excision of lung (pneumonectomy) with thoracoscopic means (AB), matching the approach and total excision action, but ICHI does not capture the robotic assistance qualifier, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies robotic technique.
1366304008 (Thoracoscopic excision of mediastinal lymph node using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptDFE.JK.AB (Thoracoscopic total excision of mediastinal lymph node)DFE.JK.AB matches on target (mediastinal lymph node), action (total excision), and approach (thoracoscopic/AB means), but ICHI has no mechanism to express the robotic assistance qualifier that the SNOMED concept specifies, so the ICHI code is broader in that dimension.
444068000 (Thoracoscopic excision of neoplasm of pericardium)maps to wider conceptHFF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pericardium)HFF.JI.AA captures local excision of a lesion (which encompasses a neoplasm) of the pericardium, but no thoracoscopic variant of this code exists in ICHI (the means axis is AA = open), and the code does not distinguish neoplasm from other lesion types, making it broader in both approach and pathology specificity.
1254744004 (Thoracoscopic excision of thymus using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptDBA.JK.AB (Thoracoscopic total excision of thymus)DBA.JK.AB precisely matches the target (thymus), action (total excision/thymectomy), and approach (thoracoscopic/AB means), but ICHI does not encode the robotic assistance qualifier that the SNOMED concept explicitly specifies, making the ICHI code broader in technique detail.
75935006 (Thoracoscopic lobectomy of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.JJ.AB (Thoracoscopic partial excision of lung)ICHI does not have a dedicated lobectomy code; JBF.JJ.AB (thoracoscopic partial excision of lung) is the correct approach and target but the action axis "partial excision" is broader than lobectomy, as it also encompasses wedge resection and segmentectomy.
1366234000 (Thoracoscopic pleurodesis using robotic assistance)maps to wider conceptJCA.GA.AB (Thoracoscopic pleurodesis)JCA.GA.AB captures the base procedure (thoracoscopic pleurodesis) but does not encode the robotic assistance component; the robotic modifier would require appending the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), so the base code alone is broader than the full SNOMED concept.
708641003 (Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia)maps to wider conceptMCX.MK.AB (Laparoscopic repair of diaphragm)MCX.MK.AB is the closest ICHI code for a minimally invasive repair of the diaphragm, but ICHI names it "laparoscopic" while the SNOMED concept specifies thoracoscopic approach, and ICHI does not capture the congenital/hernia specificity. The ICHI code is broader on both the approach and the clinical indication.
444188003 (Thoracoscopic wedge resection of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.JJ.AB (Thoracoscopic partial excision of lung)JBF.JJ.AB (thoracoscopic partial excision of lung) captures both the thoracoscopic approach and the partial lung removal, but is broader than wedge resection because it covers any type of partial excision (segmentectomy, lobectomy, wedge); wedge resection in surgical practice is a partial excision of parenchyma rather than just a lesion excision.
1217359004 (Thoracoscopy of mediastinal space)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)Thoracoscopy of the mediastinal space is an endoscopic inspection of the mediastinum performed via the pleural cavity; JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy) is the best available ICHI match as it represents thoracoscopic inspection of the thoracic cavity, but it is broader because it does not specifically denote the mediastinum as the target.
1217360009 (Thoracoscopy of pericardial sac)maps to wider conceptJCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)There is no ICHI code for thoracoscopic inspection of the pericardium specifically; the pericardium block only includes biopsy, pericardiectomy, pericardiotomy, and repair — none is an inspection/thoracoscopy. JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy) is the best available match as the procedure involves using thoracoscopy to visualise the pericardial sac, but it is broader as it does not target the pericardium.
440042002 (Thoracoscopy with esophagomyotomy)maps to wider conceptKBA.FA.AA (Incision of oesophagus)Esophagomyotomy (Heller myotomy) is a specific incision of the oesophageal muscle layer performed via thoracoscopy, but ICHI only offers a general "Incision of oesophagus" without a dedicated myotomy or thoracoscopic variant, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept in both specificity and approach.
439435003 (Thoracoscopy with excision of pericardial lesion)maps to wider conceptHFF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pericardium)HFF.JI.AA captures the correct target (pericardium) and action (local excision of lesion), but it encodes an open approach (means AA) rather than the thoracoscopic approach specified in the SNOMED concept; no thoracoscopic variant of local excision of pericardial lesion exists in ICHI.
439906002 (Thoracoscopy with removal of intrapleural foreign body)maps to wider conceptJCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura)JCA.JD.AA correctly encodes foreign body removal from the pleura, but carries an open/unspecified means (AA) rather than thoracoscopic; ICHI does not have a dedicated thoracoscopic variant, so the ICHI code is broader with respect to approach.
439817002 (Thoracoscopy with total pulmonary decortication and intrapleural pneumonolysis)maps to wider conceptJBF.FC.AB (Thoracoscopic pneumonolysis)JBF.FC.AB captures the thoracoscopic pneumonolysis component precisely, but the SNOMED concept also specifies total pulmonary decortication (removal of the fibrous pleural peel) which is a distinct accompanying step not encoded in this ICHI code. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering only the pneumonolysis part of the combined procedure.
448699008 (Thoracotomy and removal of cardiac pacemaker electrodes)maps to wider conceptHFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)HFC.JD.AA covers removal of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system via open approach (AA), which aligns with the thoracotomy access and electrode removal described in the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI encodes removal of the entire system rather than specifically the electrodes/leads, and the thoracotomy approach is implied rather than explicitly specified as a separate procedure component.
120155006 (Thorax repair)maps to wider conceptPAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)"Thorax repair" in SNOMED is a broad concept covering repair of the thoracic region, while ICHI's closest match, PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall), is scoped specifically to the chest wall rather than the thorax as a whole (which also includes the thoracic cavity, thoracic spine, diaphragm, etc.). The SNOMED concept is wider relative to ICHI.
5231000179108 (Three dimensional obstetric ultrasonography)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ is the closest ICHI code for obstetric ultrasound directed at fetal structures, but it does not specify the 3D modality — ICHI has no dedicated extension or category for three-dimensional ultrasound. The SNOMED concept is narrower (specific to 3D technique), so the ICHI code is wider.
5241000179100 (Three dimensional obstetric ultrasonography in third trimester)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound of fetal structures but does not encode either the 3D modality or the gestational timing (third trimester). The ICHI code is therefore significantly wider than this more specific SNOMED concept.
412721008 (Three wall orbital decompression)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AA (Decompression of orbit)BAM.FC.AA directly represents orbital decompression and is the correct procedural match, but it does not specify the number of orbital walls involved. "Three wall" is a surgical detail (the extent of bone removal) that ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept.
427992007 (Thrombectomy of arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for arteriovenous fistula thrombectomy; IZE.JE.AA is the most appropriate residual code covering extraction of obstruction from an unspecified blood vessel, which semantically encompasses clot removal from an AV fistula. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the vessel type or the nature of the obstruction.
397046001 (Thrombectomy of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)IZA.JE.AF is the closest artery-specific thrombectomy-equivalent code in ICHI, but it is scoped to the endovascular approach (.AF) while the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral; ICHI does not have a corresponding open-approach code for artery NEC. The ICHI code is wider in that it would also subsume non-thrombotic arterial obstructions.
233423007 (Thrombectomy of iliofemoral vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)IFD.JE.AA covers thrombectomy (extraction of obstruction) of any lower limb vein, which includes the iliofemoral vein, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific vein at this level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
405318007 (Thrombectomy of profunda femoris vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The profunda femoris (deep femoral) vein is a lower limb vein, so IFD.JE.AA is the correct anatomical block, but ICHI does not specify down to this individual vein, making the mapping wider than the SNOMED concept.
405317002 (Thrombectomy of superficial femoral vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb)The superficial femoral vein is a lower limb vein and maps to IFD.JE.AA, but ICHI does not differentiate superficial from deep femoral or other individual lower limb veins, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
24355008 (Thromboendarterectomy of coronary artery by open chest approach)maps to wider conceptHIA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of coronary artery)HIA.JE.AA captures endarterectomy (which subsumes thromboendarterectomy as a technique) of the coronary artery, and the means axis AA explicitly denotes an open approach — matching the open chest specification. ICHI is broader because it encompasses all endarterectomy types of the coronary artery without distinguishing whether the plaque removal also involves thrombus.
77445003 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of common femoral artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)IFA.JE.AA is the closest ICHI match for endarterectomy of a lower limb artery (which encompasses the common femoral artery); it does not distinguish thromboendarterectomy from other endarterectomy types, and ICHI has no code that adds a graft component to femoral endarterectomy as a single combined code.
405347000 (Thrombolysis of aorta)maps to wider conceptIZA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has thrombolysis codes for specific aortic segments (descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta), but no single code covering the aorta as a whole. The residual IZA.DB.AF is the broadest available match when the aortic segment is unspecified or straddles segments; it is semantically wider because it covers all arteries not classified elsewhere, not just the aorta.
233335005 (Thrombolysis of artery)maps to wider conceptIZA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a generic, unspecified "thrombolysis of artery" with no anatomical qualifier. IZA.DB.AF is the residual/NEC category for arterial thrombolysis that does not fall under any of the site-specific codes, making it the most appropriate home for this unspecified concept; however the ICHI code is still technically broader as it explicitly serves as a catch-all.
472191000119101 (Thrombolysis of cerebral artery by intravenous infusion)maps to wider conceptIAA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of intracranial artery)IAA.DB.AF covers thrombolysis of intracranial/cerebral arteries and is the correct anatomical match, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the intravenous infusion route from intra-arterial delivery — the means axis "AF" covers the broader endovascular/pharmacological administration approach, making ICHI wider than the more specific SNOMED concept.
230934004 (Thrombolysis of intracranial vessel)maps to wider conceptIAA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of intracranial artery)IAA.DB.AF is scoped to intracranial artery specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept uses the broader term "intracranial vessel" (which could include veins); ICHI is therefore narrower in vessel type, but it is the closest available code, with no dedicated intracranial vein thrombolysis code at this level.
119976005 (Thymus reconstruction)maps to wider conceptDBA.MK.AA (Repair of thymus)ICHI has no specific "reconstruction" code for thymus; the closest available code is "Repair of thymus" (DBA.MK.AA), which uses the MK action (repair/suture) rather than ML (reconstruction). "Repair" is broader than reconstruction, making this a wider match.
9093009 (Thyrochondrotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Thyrochondrotomy is incision of the thyroid cartilage (laryngofissure), a specific surgical approach to open the larynx. ICHI has no cartilage-level specificity here; "Incision of larynx" is the best available match but is broader.
232548004 (Thyrohyoid laryngeal release procedure)maps to wider conceptJAN.FC.AA (Release of adhesions of larynx)Thyrohyoid laryngeal release is a specific mobilisation procedure cutting the thyrohyoid membrane/muscles to lower laryngeal tension, distinct from simply releasing adhesions. The ICHI code captures the release action on the larynx but does not reflect the thyrohyoid anatomy or tension-reduction purpose.
170780004 (Thyroid disease monitoring)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)ICHI has no specific thyroid disease monitoring code; the closest is functional assessment across all endocrine glands rather than thyroid-specific disease follow-up.
39500001 (Thyroid imaging)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)"Thyroid imaging" in SNOMED covers all modalities, whereas EBA.BA.BE is specific to nuclear medicine/radioisotope scanning; ICHI provides separate codes for ultrasound and x-ray, so no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the SNOMED concept.
117704006 (Thyroid radioactive iodine measurement)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)EBA.BA.BE covers the full range of thyroid radioisotope function studies including radioactive iodine uptake measurement, but it also encompasses thyroid scanning, making it broader than the purely measurement-focused SNOMED concept.
13378009 (Thyroid uptake with discharge)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake with a discharge phase is a specific nuclear medicine functional measurement that falls within the broader ICHI category; ICHI does not distinguish the discharge/washout variant separately.
47324001 (Thyroid uptake with thyroid stimulation)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)Thyroid uptake with stimulation (e.g., TSH-stimulated radioiodine uptake) is a specific protocol variant of thyroid radioisotope function studies; ICHI does not encode the stimulation variant separately.
13619001 (Thyroidectomy)maps to wider conceptEBA.JK.AA (Complete thyroidectomy)The SNOMED concept is a general grouper covering both partial and complete thyroidectomy; ICHI separates these into EBA.JJ.AA (partial) and EBA.JK.AA (complete). Complete thyroidectomy is the more common clinical default for the unqualified term, but the equivalence remains wider.
820511000168109 (Thyroplasty)maps to wider conceptJAN.DN.AA (Implantation of device into larynx)Thyroplasty involves implanting material into the larynx to medialise a vocal fold; JAN.DN.AA is the closest structural match but is broader as it covers any device implantation into the larynx, not specifically the cartilage-window/implant technique of thyroplasty.
252219000 (Thyrotrophin releasing hormone test)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)The TRH stimulation test is a dynamic endocrine provocation test of the thyroid-pituitary axis; the ICHI code is broader, covering any endocrine gland function assessment rather than the specific TRH-stimulated TSH response test.
238322004 (Tidal peritoneal dialysis)maps to wider conceptKMA.JC.AE (Peritoneal dialysis)ICHI has only a single peritoneal dialysis code with no distinction between tidal, continuous ambulatory (CAPD), or automated variants, making it broader than the specific tidal modality.
229282003 (Timing for emphasis technique)maps to wider conceptJUF.PH.ZZ (Training of fluency and rhythm of speech functions)"Timing for emphasis" is a fluency-shaping speech therapy technique used in stuttering rehabilitation targeting speech rhythm and timing; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all fluency and rhythm training.
104202007 (Tissue examination for fungus)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)ICHI's histopathology extension code covers microscopic tissue examination but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of examining tissue for fungal organisms; no dedicated mycological tissue examination code exists in ICHI.
817011007 (Tissue frozen section technique)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Frozen section is an intraoperative histopathological technique; ICHI has no code specifically for frozen section methodology, and "Histopathology" is the broadest available match covering tissue microscopy.
3697003 (Tissue processing technique, routine, embed, cut and stain, per autopsy)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)This SNOMED concept describes histological tissue processing steps performed in the context of an autopsy; the ICHI autopsy code captures the overall procedure but does not represent the downstream laboratory tissue processing technique itself.
40923002 (Tissue processing technique, routine, embed, cut and stain, per surgical specimen)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Histopathology covers the general discipline of tissue examination, whereas the SNOMED concept is the specific routine laboratory workflow of embedding, sectioning, and staining a surgical specimen — a defined sub-process within histopathology.
724164001 (Tocilizumab therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have drug-specific codes; PZA.DB.AZ is the broadest pharmacotherapy administration code applicable to any systemic drug, encompassing tocilizumab but far broader than this specific IL-6 receptor antagonist therapy.
386469001 (Toddler nutrition education)maps to wider conceptVEA.PM.ZZ (Education to influence eating behaviours)"Toddler nutrition education" is a targeted educational intervention about food/nutrition for a specific age group; the ICHI code is broader, covering all ages and all eating behaviour education without the nutrition-specific focus.
53303003 (Toilet)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified)Surgical "toilet" means cleansing and debridement of a wound; LZZ.JG.AA is the NEC debridement code for skin/subcutaneous tissue and is the best available match when no body-site-specific code applies.
450229981000132104 (Toilet and suture of wound)maps to wider conceptLZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)"Toilet and suture of wound" is a combined procedure of debridement followed by primary closure; LZZ.MK.AA captures the repair/closure component but is broader as it does not explicitly include the toilet/debridement component, and no combined debridement-plus-repair code exists.
169033008 (Tomography - larynx/trachea)maps to wider conceptJAN.BA.BC (Computerised tomography, larynx, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept covers tomography of both larynx and trachea; ICHI has CT codes only under the larynx block, with no corresponding CT code for trachea (the trachea imaging block has only plain X-ray).
119873001 (Tongue closure)maps to wider conceptKAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue)"Tongue closure" refers to closing a wound or defect of the tongue, aligning closely with repair of tongue; the ICHI code is slightly broader as "repair" can encompass restorative procedures beyond wound closure.
9811006 (Tongue destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptKAB.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion or tissue of tongue)KAB.GA.AC directly represents destruction of tissue of the tongue, matching the SNOMED concept well; "destructive procedure" in SNOMED is an unspecified grouping concept making the ICHI code slightly broader.
309890001 (Tongue smear procedure)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no specific code for a tongue smear; the nearest specimen collection codes are site-specific (oropharynx, saliva) but none target the tongue mucosa. The NEC code is broader as it does not specify tongue or smear methodology.
14881004 (Tonography with provocative tests)maps to wider conceptBBE.AA.AH (Assessment of anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has no dedicated code for tonography or provocative tonometry; tonography measures aqueous humour outflow and intraocular pressure — functions of the anterior chamber. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any assessment of the anterior chamber.
265327000 (Tooth and gingiva operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx)ICHI has separate sub-blocks for teeth (BlockL5-KAE) and gum (BlockL5-KAG) but no single block spanning exactly both. The nearest common ancestor BlockL4-KAA is broader since it also includes lips, tongue, palate, and pharynx.
234655008 (Topical application of oral medication)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)PZA.DB.AH captures topical delivery of a pharmacological agent but is classified under "interventions on whole body" and is not restricted to the oral cavity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the mouth.
24977001 (Topical chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)PZA.DB.AH is the only ICHI code capturing topical pharmacological administration, but it is broader in two dimensions: it does not restrict to chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents, and it applies to the whole body rather than a specific site. No more specific ICHI code for topical antineoplastic treatment exists.
236837004 (Topical vulval chemotherapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)No ICHI code combines topical drug application with a vulval target; PZA.DB.AH is the closest available code for topical pharmacotherapy, but it loses both the vulva-specific site and the chemotherapy-agent specificity. NMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva) was considered but rejected because it implies physical destruction rather than pharmacological application.
183668008 (Total avulsion of nail plate)maps to wider conceptLBF.JK.AA (Total excision of nail of toe)Total avulsion of the nail plate is functionally equivalent to total excision of a nail, and toenail avulsion is the overwhelmingly common clinical context. ICHI splits nail interventions by finger (LBD) and toe (LBF), whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified, making either ICHI code broader than the stated concept; LBF.JK.AA is selected as the most representative.
446307000 (Total excision of meningioma)maps to wider conceptAAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges)A meningioma is a tumour (lesion) of the meninges, and AAC.JI.AA captures open excision of a lesion of the cerebral meninges, which is the primary site. The code is wider because ICHI does not specify the histological type (meningioma) or the extent of resection (total vs. subtotal), and does not cover spinal meningiomas (which would map to ABC.JI.AA instead).
91621005 (Total gastrectomy with intestinal interposition)maps to wider conceptKBF.JK.AA (Total gastrectomy)KBF.JK.AA covers total removal of the stomach but does not capture the intestinal interposition (reconstruction using a bowel segment) that is an integral part of this specific SNOMED procedure. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the specific reconstructive technique.
54301007 (Total ischiectomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of pelvis)No ICHI code specifically for ischiectomy (excision of the ischium) exists; MKB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of the entire pelvis, which is a broader concept encompassing the ischium as one of the three pelvic bones. The ICHI target is the whole pelvis rather than the ischium specifically.
7240008 (Total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and synchronous tracheostomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.JK.AA (Complete laryngectomy)JAN.JK.AA captures the total laryngectomy component but does not encode the concurrent partial pharyngectomy or the synchronous tracheostomy; ICHI has no single combined code for this multi-structure procedure, making the best single code broader than the full SNOMED concept.
439874004 (Total lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina by transperitoneal approach)maps to wider conceptMBM.JK.AA (Total lumbar vertebrectomy)MBM.JK.AA captures the total removal of the lumbar vertebral body (corpectomy) but does not reflect the spinal cord/nerve root/cauda equina decompression intent or the transperitoneal surgical approach; ICHI lacks a dedicated means code for the transperitoneal route and a combined decompression qualifier, making this a broader match.
61520005 (Total osteoplasty of maxilla)maps to wider conceptMAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla)ICHI's "Reconstruction of maxilla" is the closest match to osteoplasty (bone reshaping/reconstruction) of the maxilla, but the ICHI code covers any reconstructive intervention on the maxilla without specifying that it is total or exclusively osteoplastic in nature, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
76077004 (Total pancreatectomy with transplantation)maps to wider conceptKCO.JK.AA (Total pancreatectomy)ICHI has a code for total pancreatectomy (KCO.JK.AA) and a separate code for pancreatic transplant (KCO.KD.AA), but no single code combining both procedures; KCO.JK.AA captures the defining excision component but omits the transplantation, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept.
1354749005 (Total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid tissue transposition)maps to wider conceptEBB.JK.AA (Complete parathyroidectomy)ICHI has EBB.JK.AA for complete parathyroidectomy and EBB.KD.AA for transplant of parathyroid gland as separate codes, but no combined code for the simultaneous total excision and autotransposition; EBB.JK.AA captures the parathyroidectomy component but omits the tissue transposition, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
371407007 (Total phalangectomy)maps to wider conceptMGB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger)ICHI encodes total removal of phalangeal bone under "Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger" (MGB.JK.AA), which aligns with phalangectomy semantics, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to hand versus foot (a foot equivalent MOB.JK.AA also exists), and the ICHI code groups all hand/finger bones rather than isolating the phalanges specifically.
172612003 (Total reconstruction of external ear using cartilage graft, fascia flap and skin graft)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA correctly targets the auricle (external ear) with a reconstruction action, matching the core procedure, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific technique detail (cartilage graft, fascia flap, and skin graft) that defines the SNOMED concept, making it broader.
172613008 (Total reconstruction of external ear with cartilage graft and skin flap)maps to wider conceptCAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)CAC.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the auricle (external ear) but does not specify the technique (cartilage graft and skin flap), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for this procedure with graft/flap detail.
1201734006 (Total replacement of knee with impaction bone graft)maps to wider conceptMMJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into knee joint)MMJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device (prosthesis) into the knee joint, which broadly corresponds to total knee replacement, but does not capture the use of an impaction bone graft or distinguish primary from revision arthroplasty; MMJ.KA.AA (replacement of knee joint device) was considered but implies revision rather than primary implantation with grafting, so MMJ.DN.AA is the better fit — albeit wider than the SNOMED concept.
174778000 (Total splenectomy and reimplantation of fragments)maps to wider conceptDJA.JK.AA (Total splenectomy)DJA.JK.AA precisely matches the total splenectomy component of the procedure, but ICHI has no code for the subsequent autotransplantation/reimplantation of splenic fragments (splenopexy of fragments is a distinct step not represented in ICHI); the code is therefore wider than the full SNOMED concept, which is a combined procedure.
237486002 (Total thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node dissection)maps to wider conceptEBA.JK.AA (Complete thyroidectomy)EBA.JK.AA covers the thyroidectomy component but omits the concurrent cervical lymph node dissection (DFB.JL.AA), making ICHI broader relative to the combined SNOMED procedure. A precise match would require two codes, but no single ICHI code captures the full compound intervention.
30880003 (Trabeculectomy ab externo)maps to wider conceptBBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculectomy ab externo is a specific external (scleral flap) approach to creating aqueous outflow, which functionally achieves drainage of the anterior chamber; BBE.JB.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, encompassing any drainage of the anterior chamber regardless of technique or approach.
1179030003 (Trabeculectomy ab interno)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculectomy ab interno involves internal excision or ablation of trabecular meshwork tissue via a goniotomy-style approach, which aligns more closely with partial excision of anterior chamber structures than with drainage or goniopuncture; however, BBE.JJ.AA remains broader as it covers any partial excision of anterior chamber tissue without specifying the trabecular meshwork or the internal approach.
1287865002 (Trabeculectomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculectomy involves partial excision of the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber angle, making BBE.JJ.AA the closest structural match; however, ICHI does not capture the laterality (left eye), which is specified in the SNOMED concept via extension code, so the ICHI base code is broader.
1287866001 (Trabeculectomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)Same reasoning as the left eye variant — BBE.JJ.AA covers the trabecular meshwork excision aspect of trabeculectomy but does not encode the laterality (right eye) that the SNOMED concept specifies.
445749001 (Trabeculectomy using releasable sutures)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.JJ.AA represents the core partial excision of the anterior chamber (trabecular meshwork), but ICHI provides no means axis value to capture the releasable suture technique that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader.
446215004 (Trabeculectomy with intraoperative administration of antimetabolite)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.JJ.AA maps to the trabeculectomy excision component, but ICHI does not encode the adjunct intraoperative antimetabolite administration (e.g., 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C) that defines this SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader.
416968006 (Trabeculectomy with intraoperative administration of mitomycin)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.JJ.AA captures the trabeculectomy procedure itself but not the specific adjunct of intraoperative mitomycin C administration, which is the distinguishing feature of this SNOMED concept; ICHI has no code or extension for this pharmacological detail.
416831007 (Trabeculectomy with intraoperative beta radiation)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)Trabeculectomy involves partial excision of the trabecular meshwork and a scleral flap within the anterior chamber to create an aqueous drainage fistula; BBE.JJ.AA captures the partial excision of anterior chamber anatomy but is broader because ICHI has no specific trabeculectomy code and does not encode the intraoperative beta radiation adjunct.
1269465006 (Trabeculectomy with intraoperative implantation of biodegradable collagen matrix)maps to wider conceptBBE.JJ.AA (Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye)As with standard trabeculectomy, BBE.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code for the core procedure (partial excision of anterior chamber structures), but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish trabeculectomy specifically nor encode the additional intraoperative implantation of a biodegradable collagen matrix adjunct.
119737001 (Trachea closure)maps to wider conceptJBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea)Tracheal closure (surgical closure of the tracheal lumen or a defect) is best represented by JBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea), which is broader as it encompasses all tracheal repair procedures without specifying closure as the operative technique; no more specific tracheal closure code exists in ICHI.
119740001 (Trachea destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptJBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea)JBA.GA.AA is the only ICHI code for destruction within the trachea and aligns well with the concept of a tracheal destructive procedure; it is slightly broader because the SNOMED concept encompasses any destructive intervention on the trachea while the ICHI code specifically frames destruction as acting on a lesion or tissue.
232608002 (Tracheal end-to-end anastomosis)maps to wider conceptJBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)No tracheal anastomosis code exists in ICHI; end-to-end anastomosis (resection and rejoining of tracheal ends) is a specific reconstructive technique, so JBA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive intent but is broader because it covers any tracheal reconstruction method, not just anastomosis.
232677006 (Tracheal intubation using rigid bronchoscope)maps to wider conceptJBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)JBA.DL.AC correctly targets the primary clinical act of placing an endotracheal tube into the trachea, but the ICHI means axis (AC = tube/catheter) does not capture the rigid bronchoscope as the guiding instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies that specific technique.
232607007 (Tracheal reconstruction with flap)maps to wider conceptJBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)JBA.ML.AA is the only reconstruction-of-trachea code available and covers the correct target and action, but ICHI has no means value that specifies flap-based reconstruction, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which mandates a flap technique.
28725006 (Trachelopexy)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)Trachelopexy is fixation of the cervix uteri, and ICHI has no cervix-specific fixation or suspension code; NME.LC.AA covers suspension of the uterus as a whole, which is broader in anatomical target (uterus rather than cervix specifically) but represents the closest available structural match.
239403000 (Traction for fracture of mandible)maps to wider conceptMAG.LD.AH (Closed reduction of mandibular bone)Traction for a mandible fracture is a non-surgical (closed) means of reducing and aligning the fractured mandible, which is captured by MAG.LD.AH; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of closed reduction of the mandible and does not specify that traction is the technique used.
265131003 (Traction lengthening of diaphysis of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)MRB.LK.AA covers limb lengthening at an unspecified bone site, which aligns with the site-non-specific SNOMED concept, but it encompasses all limb-lengthening techniques rather than specifically the traction-based (distraction) method applied to the diaphysis; the LK action (lengthening/distraction) is correctly represented.
306961005 (Training for blind or partially sighted person)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)BTB.PH.ZZ covers training targeted at the seeing function (the body function impaired in blind or partially sighted persons), which is the functional target of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any training of seeing functions regardless of the patient population, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to blind or partially sighted individuals and implies orientation/mobility and adaptive skills training.
436901000124106 (Trans fat modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)The ICHI code covers any modification to food composition, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies restriction of trans fats specifically. The approach axis (.ZZ) reflects that no specific technique is encoded, consistent with a population/environmental-level food intervention.
275223004 (Transabdominal chorionic villus biopsy)maps to wider conceptNMM.AD.AD (Biopsy of placenta)Chorionic villi are placental tissue, so the biopsy target is semantically equivalent, but ICHI does not distinguish the transabdominal route from other approaches (e.g. transcervical), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
172858004 (Transantral neurectomy of vidian nerve using sublabial approach)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)The vidian nerve (nerve of the pterygoid canal) is a cranial nerve branch, and neurectomy corresponds to surgical division; however, ICHI does not encode the specific nerve identity (vidian), the transantral route, or the sublabial approach, making the ICHI code substantially broader.
442132006 (Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatic artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery and the transarterial endovascular approach matches the .AF means axis, but ICHI does not distinguish the hepatic artery specifically nor capture the chemotherapy (drug-eluting) component of chemoembolization.
447877000 (Transarterial oily chemoembolization)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)This is a more specific variant of TACE using lipiodol (oily contrast medium) as the embolic carrier; ICHI captures the endovascular embolisation of an abdominal artery but encodes neither the oily agent nor the chemotherapy component, making it even broader relative to this highly specific SNOMED concept.
448188005 (Transcatheter embolization of carotid cavernous fistula)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)The carotid cavernous fistula is an intracranial arterio-venous connection, and its transcatheter embolization is captured within this ICHI endovascular embolisation code; however, ICHI does not distinguish fistula from arterial occlusion, nor does it specifically name the cavernous sinus target, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
700042008 (Transcatheter embolization of gastric artery for control of gastric bleeding)maps to wider conceptKBF.LA.AF (Transcatheter embolisation for gastric bleeding)This is a near-equivalent match — ICHI captures the same clinical scenario (transcatheter embolisation to control gastric bleeding), but the ICHI code does not specify the gastric artery as the embolized vessel, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept.
448189002 (Transcatheter embolization of intracranial arteriovenous fistula)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)ICHI has no code specific to intracranial AV fistula embolization; the best fit is endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery, which encompasses this procedure but also covers other occlusive interventions on intracranial arteries not involving a fistula.
1103000 (Transcrural mobilization of stapes)maps to wider conceptCBF.FC.AC (Release of stapes)ICHI "Release of stapes" covers freeing or mobilizing the stapes without specifying the transcrural approach (through the crural arch), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which denotes a distinct surgical technique targeting the stapes via its crura.
229559001 (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)maps to wider conceptAXA.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation for pain)TENS is a specific modality (transcutaneous, targeting peripheral nerves) used for pain relief, while the ICHI code encompasses all forms of electrical stimulation for pain including implanted and non-transcutaneous methods, making the ICHI code broader.
1335763000 (Transdermal administration of carbon dioxide)maps to wider conceptLZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)Transdermal CO2 administration is a specific procedure applying carbon dioxide gas through the skin, while the ICHI code covers any external application of any substance to skin at an unspecified site; the ICHI code is considerably broader and lacks specificity for the agent or body site involved.
55747005 (Transection of muscle of pelvis)maps to wider conceptMRM.FB.AA (Division of muscle of unspecified site)"Division of muscle" in ICHI is semantically equivalent to transection, but the code applies to an unspecified body site — ICHI has no dedicated code or block for muscle of the pelvis specifically, making this a broader match that lacks the anatomical precision of the SNOMED concept.
27161008 (Transection of muscle of trunk)maps to wider conceptMRM.FB.AA (Division of muscle of unspecified site)ICHI has "Division of muscle of hand" and "Division of muscle of unspecified site," but no dedicated code for muscle of trunk specifically. MRM.FB.AA is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified muscle site rather than the trunk in particular.
63156008 (Transection of obturator nerve, extrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)ICHI has a general "Division of peripheral nerve" code covering all peripheral nerve divisions, but no specific code for the obturator nerve; the compound nature of this SNOMED concept (nerve transection plus adductor tenotomy, with the extrapelvic approach qualifier) cannot be fully represented by a single ICHI code, making ACA.FB.AA a broader approximate match.
14967002 (Transection of obturator nerve, intrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)Identical reasoning to the extrapelvic variant — ICHI has no obturator-nerve-specific division code nor a combined nerve-plus-tenotomy code; ACA.FB.AA captures the primary surgical act (nerve division) but loses the intrapelvic approach detail and the concurrent adductor tenotomy component.
78297006 (Transection of supraorbital nerve)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)The supraorbital nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), so AAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve) is the correct anatomical category; ICHI has no code specific to the supraorbital branch, making this a broader match.
1279870005 (Transesophageal echocardiography guided repair of mitral valve using prosthetic chordae tendinae)maps to wider conceptHDF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)HDF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mitral valve or its subvalvar apparatus (which encompasses the chordae tendineae), aligning well with the use of prosthetic chordae tendineae to reconstruct the subvalvar apparatus; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify prosthetic chordae or TEE guidance, and also does not distinguish repair from reconstruction as precisely as the SNOMED concept does.
32661007 (Transfer of anterior tibial tendon into tarsal bone)maps to wider conceptMNT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle)The anterior tibial tendon is a lower leg tendon that transfers into the tarsal bones of the ankle, making MNT.LJ.AA (tendon transfer at the ankle, under the lower leg tendon block) the best available match; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all ankle tendon transfers without specifying the anterior tibial tendon or the tarsal bone target.
264989003 (Transfer of biceps brachii tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no tendon transfer code for the upper arm or shoulder region — the shoulder tendon block contains only rotator cuff repair codes — so MRT.LJ.AA (tendon transfer, unspecified site) is the only available fallback; it is wider as it specifies no anatomical site and covers any tendon transfer procedure.
21557003 (Transfer of bone shaft, fibula into tibia)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)Transferring the fibular bone shaft into the tibia is a form of bone grafting at the tibia/fibula site, making MNB.ML.AA the closest ICHI code; the code is wider because it encompasses all bone grafts to the tibia or fibula without specifying the directionality (fibula-to-tibia), the shaft segment involved, or the transfer technique.
710112000 (Transfer of care from hospital)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)ICHI's referral code captures the act of formally directing a patient to another care provider, which is the closest equivalent to a care transfer from hospital. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the direction (from hospital), the specific transition type, or discharge context.
429202003 (Transfer of care to hospital)maps to wider conceptUEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)Referring a patient to a hospital is the prototypical use of "referral to health provider," making this a reasonable but imprecise match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers referral to any provider, not specifically to an inpatient hospital setting.
80070000 (Transfer of iliopsoas muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific code for iliopsoas or hip flexor muscle transfer; MRM.LJ.AA captures the correct intervention type (muscle transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names the specific muscle and its hip-region target.
264990007 (Transfer of intrinsic muscle of foot)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)The ICHI foot/toe muscle block contains only a reconstruction code with no transfer code, and no other foot-specific muscle transfer code exists in ICHI; MRM.LJ.AA matches the intervention type but loses the foot-specific anatomical detail present in the SNOMED concept.
1339048003 (Transfer of latissimus dorsi tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)The latissimus dorsi tendon belongs to the trunk/back, but ICHI's trunk tendon block contains only a release code and no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly represents the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but without specificity to the latissimus dorsi or its anatomical region.
39447008 (Transfer of paraspinal muscle to hip)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no paraspinal muscle block or trunk-to-hip muscle transfer code; MRM.LJ.AA covers the correct intervention category (muscle transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified and does not capture either the paraspinal origin or the hip destination explicit in the SNOMED concept.
7026004 (Transfer of pectoralis major tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)The pectoralis major tendon belongs to the trunk/chest region, but ICHI's trunk tendon block has no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly identifies the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, losing the pectoralis major specificity of the SNOMED concept.
239247009 (Transfer of peroneus longus)maps to wider conceptMNT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle)The peroneus longus tendon is a specific lower-leg/ankle tendon, and the ICHI code covers any tendon transfer at the ankle level without specifying the peroneus longus. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific muscle's tendon transfer.
239248004 (Transfer of peroneus tertius)maps to wider conceptMNT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle)The peroneus tertius is another specific lower-leg muscle whose tendon inserts at the ankle, and the ICHI code covers any ankle tendon transfer without specifying which tendon is involved. The ICHI code is thus broader than this specific procedure.
239244002 (Transfer of quadriceps mechanism)maps to wider conceptMMT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee)The quadriceps mechanism (quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon) is the knee extensor apparatus, and its transfer is best represented at the knee level; however, ICHI does not distinguish the quadriceps mechanism specifically, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1287745001 (Transfer of tendon of foot)maps to wider conceptMRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no dedicated foot tendon transfer code (the foot/toe tendon block lacks an LJ transfer entry), so the unspecified-site tendon transfer code is the closest available match, which is broader than the site-specific SNOMED concept.
17115007 (Transfer of tendon pes anserinus for repair of knee)maps to wider conceptMMT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee)MMT.LJ.AA captures tendon transfer at the knee, which directly matches the anatomical site and operative action. However, ICHI does not specify that the transferred structure is specifically the pes anserinus complex (semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius tendons), making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
264993009 (Transfer of wrist muscle)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no site-specific code for wrist muscle transfer; MRM.LJ.AA is the only muscle transfer category available and applies to any unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the wrist.
425524005 (Transfusion antithrombin III factor)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI has no specific code for antithrombin III concentrate transfusion; the closest available code is DIA.DG.AF, which covers the act of transfusing blood-derived products including concentrated clotting factors such as antithrombin III, but is broader as it encompasses all blood products rather than this specific factor.
116795008 (Transfusion of cryoprecipitate)maps to wider conceptDIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products)ICHI has no dedicated code for cryoprecipitate transfusion; DIA.DG.AF is the best available match as cryoprecipitate is a blood product, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the product type.
68848009 (Transillumination of newborn skull)maps to wider conceptMAA.AE.AH (Transillumination of infant skull)ICHI's title explicitly names "transillumination" of the skull using the same technique. ICHI uses "infant skull" which is broader than the SNOMED concept's "newborn skull," so the ICHI code covers a wider age range than the SNOMED concept intends.
429166006 (Transjugular intrahepatic thrombolysis of portal vein)maps to wider conceptIEF.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches)IEF.DB.AF correctly captures thrombolysis of the portal vein with a percutaneous transluminal approach, but it is wider because it does not specify the transjugular intrahepatic route that is central to the SNOMED concept's identity (TIPS-associated thrombolysis).
428917000 (Translocation of pigment epithelium of retina)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)ICHI has no dedicated code for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) translocation. BCC.MK.AA is the closest match, capturing the retinal target and restorative intent, but it is broader, covering any form of retinal repair rather than the specific translocation technique.
439751005 (Transluminal dilation of aqueous outflow canal using stent)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)ICHI has no specific code for transluminal dilation of Schlemm's canal with stent placement. BBE.LI.AA captures the anatomical target and the functional goal of improving aqueous outflow, but is considerably broader and does not specify the stent-based transluminal technique.
233218009 (Transluminal fragmentation of pulmonary embolus)maps to wider conceptHID.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from pulmonary artery)ICHI does not have a code specifically for catheter-based mechanical fragmentation of a pulmonary embolus. HID.JE.AF shares the endovascular/transluminal approach and the target, but is broader because it encompasses extraction rather than in-situ fragmentation specifically.
428621005 (Transluminal occlusion of left internal mammary artery side branch)maps to wider conceptIDA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of thoracic artery)The internal mammary artery is anatomically the internal thoracic artery, which falls under ICHI's "thoracic artery" (IDA) target; IDA.LA.AF captures the endovascular occlusion action and approach, but it covers any thoracic artery and does not distinguish the left side or a side branch specifically.
233253002 (Transluminal operations on axillary artery)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-ICA (Interventions on artery of upper limb)The axillary artery is part of the upper limb arterial system, and ICHI has no axillary-artery-specific intervention block or code; BlockL5-ICA is the most precise available container but is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries across all approaches.
233252007 (Transluminal operations on brachial artery)maps to wider conceptICA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb)The brachial artery is the primary artery of the upper limb, so ICA correctly captures the anatomical target. The SNOMED concept is a grouping term for transluminal operations in general, while ICHI's ICA.LG.AF represents one specific type (transluminal dilatation).
233243003 (Transluminal operations on suprarenal artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery)The suprarenal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta and fall within the "abdominal or pelvic artery" target in ICHI; no more specific ICHI code exists. The ICHI code is broader both anatomically and procedurally (dilatation only vs. any transluminal operation).
448543003 (Transmyometrial transfer of embryo to uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)NME.DH.AC captures the essential procedure — transfer of an embryo into the uterus — but is slightly wider because it encompasses all uterine reproductive transfer procedures and does not specify the transmyometrial route that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from standard transcervical embryo transfer.
7937001 (Transplantation of adrenal gland)maps to wider conceptEBC.KD.AA (Transplant of adrenal tissue)EBC.KD.AA covers transplantation of adrenal tissue, which is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept of transplanting the whole adrenal gland — adrenal tissue transplant could refer to partial or cellular transfers in addition to whole-organ transplant.
426926007 (Transplantation of conjunctiva)maps to wider conceptBBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)ICHI has no dedicated conjunctival transplantation code — the conjunctiva block contains repair and reconstruction but no transplantation/grafting category. BBA.MK.AA is the closest match but is broader, encompassing repair techniques beyond transplantation.
429332008 (Transplantation of single lobe of lung)maps to wider conceptJBF.KD.AA (Lung transplantation)ICHI's lung transplantation code covers lung transplantation in general without distinguishing single-lobe, double-lobe, or whole-lung variants, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a single-lobe graft.
77465005 (Transplantation to recipient)maps to wider conceptKD (Transplantation)ICHI's action axis code KD is the closest match, representing transplantation as a generic action across all target organs. The SNOMED concept describes the act of delivering a transplant to the recipient side, which is more specific than the ICHI action code.
410423004 (Transportation surveillance)maps to wider conceptUEH.VC.ZZ (Public health surveillance concerning transportation services, systems and policies)UEH.VC.ZZ is the most precise ICHI code for surveillance activities relating to transportation, sitting within the "Interventions on the environment" chapter. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it frames transportation surveillance within a public health systems/policies context.
6563005 (Transposition of muscle of hand)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI has no transposition or transfer code specific to the hand muscle; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code captures the correct action but loses the hand-specific target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
448594005 (Transposition of muscle of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)ICHI includes a target code for muscle of shoulder region but no shoulder-specific muscle transfer or transposition procedure code exists; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code is the only available match, capturing the action but not the shoulder-specific anatomy.
61174009 (Transposition of ovary)maps to wider conceptNMA.LD.AA (Repositioning of ovary)ICHI encodes the procedure as "repositioning of ovary" using the LD (repositioning/relocation) action axis, which is the closest structural match to ovarian transposition (e.g., moving the ovary out of a radiation field). The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any ovarian repositioning, not solely the surgical transposition procedure implied by the SNOMED concept; oophoropexy (NMA.LC.AA) describes fixation rather than relocation, making NMA.LD.AA the better fit.
173521004 (Transposition of submandibular duct)maps to wider conceptKAM.LJ.AA (Transposition of duct of major salivary gland)ICHI codes this at the level of "duct of major salivary gland" (KAM = major salivary gland), which encompasses the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual ducts, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the submandibular duct specifically; the action LJ (transposition) is an exact match.
47334005 (Transposition of tissue of anus)maps to wider conceptKBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)ICHI has no specific "transposition of tissue" code for the anus; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest match covering structural rearrangement procedures at this site. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any repair of the anus, not exclusively transposition/local tissue rearrangement.
77790006 (Transposition of tissue of esophagus)maps to wider conceptKBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for the oesophagus; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the best fit as transposition of oesophageal tissue is a form of structural reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all reconstructive procedures on the oesophagus.
119729009 (Transposition of tissue of larynx)maps to wider conceptJAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)ICHI contains no larynx-specific transposition code; JAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx) is the closest category, as transposition of laryngeal tissue is a form of laryngeal reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader, covering all laryngeal reconstruction procedures.
449655007 (Transposition of tissue of lower leg)maps to wider conceptLAG.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)ICHI has no transposition code for the lower leg; LAG.MK.AA is the best available match, covering repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which subsumes local tissue transposition at this site. The ICHI code is broader in scope and less anatomically specific (lower limb rather than lower leg only).
38737004 (Transposition of tissue of rectum)maps to wider conceptKBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum)ICHI has no dedicated "transposition" code for rectal tissue; KBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum) is the closest structural match, as reconstruction covers tissue rearrangement procedures including transposition flaps, but is broader than transposition specifically.
9552006 (Transposition of tissue of tongue)maps to wider conceptKAB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tongue)ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for tongue tissue (the only tongue LJ code, KAB.LJ.AC, is specifically genioglossus advancement); KAB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tongue) captures the broader procedural intent of tissue rearrangement on the tongue but is wider than transposition specifically.
19481009 (Transposition of urethral tissue)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for urethral tissue; NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra) is the closest match as it encompasses structural rearrangement of the urethra, but is broader than the specific concept of tissue transposition.
278703000 (Transrectus incision)maps to wider conceptPAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy)A transrectus incision is a specific surgical access technique through the rectus abdominis muscle to enter the abdominal cavity, which is functionally an approach incision equivalent to a laparotomy. PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy) is broader as it covers abdominal wall opening without specifying the incision variant, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.
429267006 (Transseptal catheterization of left side of heart by atrial puncture)maps to wider conceptHZA.AB.AF (Left heart cardiac catheterisation)HZA.AB.AF captures left heart catheterization (target = left heart, action = AB cardiac catheterisation, means = AF percutaneous transluminal), which matches the destination and method of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the specific transseptal route via atrial puncture, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept. The atrial septum incision code HAD.FA.AA captures only the septal step and not the catheterization goal, so HZA.AB.AF is the better single-code match.
14515009 (Transurethral cystoscopic fulguration of urinary bladder)maps to wider conceptNAI.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)Fulguration is a specific form of electrosurgical destruction, which is fully captured by the transurethral/endoscopic approach and bladder destruction target; however, ICHI does not distinguish the fulguration technique specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept.
725959008 (Transurethral insertion of prostatic urethral lift implant)maps to wider conceptNGA.DL.AD (Transurethral insertion of device into prostate)NGA.DL.AD maps the transurethral route and device insertion into the prostate, which aligns well with the UroLift (prostatic urethral lift) procedure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device inserted into the prostate transurethrally, not specifically a urethral lift implant used to retract obstructing prostatic lobes.
427661008 (Transurethral radiofrequency needle ablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of prostate)NGA.GA.AD precisely captures the transurethral approach and the destruction (ablation) of prostatic tissue, matching the intent of TUNA (transurethral needle ablation); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radiofrequency needle modality, encompassing all transurethral destructive methods (e.g., laser, microwave, HIFU).
257794001 (Transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AD (Transurethral destruction of prostate)Transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy (TUMT) is a specific form of thermal energy-based prostate tissue destruction applied transurethrally, so NGA.GA.AD captures the target, route, and destructive action correctly but does not specify the radiofrequency/thermal means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
176305004 (Transurethral removal of prostatic calculus)maps to wider conceptNGA.JD.AC (Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from prostate)NGA.JD.AC covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the prostate, which subsumes calculus removal but is not specific to calculi; no dedicated "extraction of calculus from prostate" code exists in ICHI, making this the closest match at a broader level.
699077003 (Transurethral thulium laser enucleation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)NGA.JJ.AD covers transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy broadly, which is the correct target, approach and action. However, it does not capture the specific technique (thulium laser enucleation — ThuLEP), making the ICHI code wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept.
448570005 (Trapezoidal osteotomy)maps to wider conceptMGB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of hand or finger)The trapezoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the hand, so MGB.FA.AA (osteotomy of bone of hand or finger) is the anatomically correct ICHI category. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) osteotomy technique and the specific trapezoid carpal bone.
230900000 (Trapping of intracranial aneurysm)maps to wider conceptIAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)Trapping an intracranial aneurysm is a specific surgical technique (clip ligation of the parent artery proximal and distal to the aneurysm, resulting in occlusion) that achieves occlusion of the intracranial artery at that segment; IAA.LA.AA captures the target and action but does not specify the trapping technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. IAA.LA.AF (endovascular embolisation or occlusion) was also considered but trapping is an open surgical procedure, so the open-approach occlusion code is the better fit.
52338008 (Treatment planning for brachytherapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)Brachytherapy treatment planning is a highly specific dosimetric and clinical planning process for internal radiation therapy, but ICHI has no radiation-therapy-specific planning code — only generic environmental radiation codes (UBR.TB.ZZ) and individualised planning (PZB.TB.ZZ). PZB.TB.ZZ covers person-centred individualised care planning broadly and is the least-wrong fit, though it is far wider than the brachytherapy-specific planning concept in SNOMED.
4914002 (Treatment planning for external beam radiation therapy)maps to wider conceptPZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)ICHI has no code specific to radiation therapy treatment planning; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning, whole-person level) is the closest structural match as it captures the planning action applied to an individual patient. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify radiation therapy as the modality being planned.
1254996007 (Tree nut free diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)ICHI has no code for a specific elimination diet or allergen-avoidance regimen; UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food) is the best available match as it represents a clinician-directed directive about what food a patient should consume. It is broader because it does not capture the exclusion/restriction nature of the diet nor the specific allergen (tree nuts).
85757003 (Trephination)maps to wider conceptMAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy)ICHI contains no dedicated code for trephination/trepanation (drilling a hole through the skull); the closest applicable code is MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy), which is the standard open skull opening procedure under which trephination falls historically and clinically. The ICHI code is broader as craniotomy encompasses a wider range of skull openings and is not restricted to the circular drilling technique of trephination.
281027008 (Triennial health examination)maps to wider conceptPZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)PZA.AE.AH represents a physical examination of the whole body, which is the core clinical act within a triennial health examination; however, the ICHI code is broader in that it does not encode the scheduled/periodic nature or the three-yearly frequency that defines the SNOMED concept.
252220006 (Triiodothyronine suppression test)maps to wider conceptEBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)The T3 suppression test is a specific thyroid radioiodine uptake study performed before and after T3 administration, making it a subset of the broader ICHI category covering all thyroid radioisotope function studies. No more specific ICHI code exists for this test.
285568003 (Trimming of amputated tip of terminal phalanx)maps to wider conceptMGB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger)Trimming/contouring of the bone end at an amputated distal phalanx tip is a form of partial bone removal, which aligns with partial ostectomy; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any partial excision of hand or finger bone, not just post-amputation revision at the terminal phalanx.
709009001 (Triple P - Positive Parenting Program)maps to wider conceptVEJ.PH.ZZ (Training to influence parenting behaviours)Triple P is a specific structured multi-level parenting program that delivers skills training, so VEJ.PH.ZZ (training to influence parenting behaviours) is the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any parenting training intervention, not the Triple P protocol specifically.
241392001 (Triple radionuclide parathyroid study)maps to wider conceptEBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan)EBB.BA.BE is the ICHI code for parathyroid nuclear imaging (action BA = imaging, means BE = radioisotope/radionuclide scan), which directly corresponds to a radionuclide parathyroid study. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the specific "triple-phase" protocol of the SNOMED concept.
15213007 (Truncal vagotomy)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)Truncal vagotomy is the surgical division of the vagus nerve trunks at the level of the oesophageal hiatus; the vagus nerve is a cranial nerve (CN X) but its truncal portion is classified as a peripheral nerve structure, and ICHI has no specific code for vagotomy, making ACA.FB.AA the best available match — it is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve division rather than specifically the vagal trunks.
235229005 (Truncal vagotomy with drainage)maps to wider conceptACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)This compound procedure adds a gastric drainage component (such as pyloroplasty) to truncal vagotomy, but ICHI has no composite code covering both; ACA.FB.AA captures only the vagotomy component and is broader, missing both the trunk-specificity of the vagotomy and the accompanying drainage procedure entirely.
119589008 (Trunk closure)maps to wider conceptLAB.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)"Trunk closure" in surgical context refers to closing the surgical wound of the trunk (skin and underlying layers) at the end of a procedure; LAB.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not specify wound/incision closure or the deeper fascial layers that trunk closure typically encompasses.
229233003 (Trunk control work)maps to wider conceptSHD.PH.ZZ (Training in maintaining body position)Trunk control work is a rehabilitation activity focused on strengthening and coordinating the trunk muscles to maintain posture and stability; SHD.PH.ZZ (training in maintaining body position) is the closest ICHI match within the activities and participation chapter, though it is broader as it covers all body position maintenance training rather than trunk-specific neuromuscular control.
229142002 (Trunk exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)"Trunk exercises" is a rehabilitation intervention targeting trunk musculature, which maps best to the ICHI muscle functions exercise code; however, MU2.PG.ZZ covers all muscle functions (not specifically the trunk), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
119587005 (Trunk injection)maps to wider conceptMRS.DB.AE (Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no code specifically for injection into the trunk; MRS.DB.AE is the closest match as it covers injection into soft tissue at an unspecified site, but it is broader because it is not trunk-specific, and "trunk injection" may encompass multiple tissue types (skin, subcutaneous, muscle) beyond just soft tissue.
234775009 (Try-in of dental restoration)maps to wider conceptKAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth)ICHI has no specific code for the try-in step of a dental restoration; KAE.MK.AC covers the full tooth restoration procedure and is the closest match, but is broader because it encompasses the complete restorative procedure rather than only the trial fitting/verification step.
416861004 (Trypan blue staining of lens capsule)maps to wider conceptBBE.DB.AE (Injection into anterior chamber of eye)Trypan blue staining of the lens capsule is performed intraoperatively by injecting the dye into the anterior chamber to visualise the capsule during cataract surgery, which aligns with BBE.DB.AE (injection into anterior chamber of eye), though that code is broader and does not specify the dye or the staining purpose.
80999007 (Tube pericardiostomy)maps to wider conceptHFF.FA.AA (Pericardiotomy)Tube pericardiostomy involves incising the pericardium and inserting a drainage tube, which is best represented by HFF.FA.AA (pericardiotomy — surgical incision of the pericardium). ICHI has no specific code for pericardial tube insertion or pericardiostomy; pericardiocentesis is percutaneous and not equivalent, making pericardiotomy the closest broader surgical match.
31198006 (Tube thoracostomy with water seal)maps to wider conceptJCB.JB.AA (Drainage of pleural cavity)Tube thoracostomy with water seal is the procedure of inserting a chest tube into the pleural space connected to a water-seal drainage system; JCB.JB.AA (drainage of pleural cavity) captures this intent but is broader, as ICHI does not distinguish between chest tube insertion with water seal versus other methods of pleural cavity drainage.
1268684008 (Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)TIL therapy is a specific form of adoptive cell immunotherapy delivered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of an immunological agent) is the closest available ICHI code. ICHI does not distinguish cell-based adoptive therapies from other immunological agents, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
234737009 (Tunnel preparation of tooth)maps to wider conceptKAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)Tunnel preparation is a conservative endodontic technique (a variant of root canal preparation) performed on the tooth's root canal system; KAE.ML.AC "Root canal therapy" is the closest ICHI concept, but it encompasses the full root canal procedure rather than only the preparatory tunneling step, making it broader.
359962006 (Turning patient in bed)maps to wider conceptSHA.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of changing body position)Turning a patient in bed is a specific instance of physically performing a body position change; SHA.RA.ZZ (under "Interventions on mobility, changing and maintaining body position") is the closest ICHI code, but it covers all forms of changing body position, not exclusively in-bed turning, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
412765000 (Two and a half wall orbital decompression)maps to wider conceptBAM.FC.AA (Decompression of orbit)ICHI captures orbital decompression as a general open procedure but does not distinguish the specific wall configuration (two-and-a-half wall) that defines this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the precisely specified SNOMED variant.
236340008 (Two stage orchidopexy)maps to wider conceptNGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)ICHI provides a single orchiopexy code without any staging distinction; the two-stage approach (used for high undescended testis, e.g. Fowler-Stephens) is a specific operative strategy not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader.
291702009 (Tympanosympathectomy)maps to wider conceptAAN.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cranial nerve)Tympanosympathectomy is the sectioning of the tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve, a branch of CN IX) and ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific nerve; AAN.JJ.AA covers partial excision of any cranial nerve, making it a broader but anatomically appropriate match.
223425008 (Types of available equipment education)maps to wider conceptUAD.PM.ZZ (Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living)ICHI's closest concept covers education about products and technology for personal daily living use, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus specifically on available equipment types; however, no narrower or more specific ICHI code for "available equipment" education exists.
8073008 (Ultrasonic guidance for aspiration of ova)maps to wider conceptNMA.JH.AC (Transvaginal oocyte retrieval)Transvaginal oocyte retrieval in ICHI is the standard procedure that in clinical practice is performed under ultrasound guidance, and the SNOMED concept specifies exactly this; however, the ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance modality in its title, making it slightly broader.
736863001 (Ultrasonography Doppler pressure of left peroneal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)The peroneal (fibular) artery is an artery of the lower limb, and Doppler ultrasound for pressure assessment is a form of ultrasound imaging of that vessel. IFA.BA.BJ captures the correct target (lower limb artery) and modality (ultrasound/BJ), but is broader — it does not specify the Doppler pressure technique, the peroneal artery specifically, or the left-side laterality (which would require an extension code).
736917008 (Ultrasonography Doppler pressure of right peroneal artery)maps to wider conceptIFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)Identical reasoning to 736863001 — the right peroneal artery Doppler pressure study maps to the same ICHI code for ultrasound of lower limb artery, which is broader in that it does not distinguish the specific vessel, Doppler pressure technique, or right-side laterality.
866208008 (Ultrasonography guided aspiration of lymph node)maps to wider conceptDFA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)No ICHI code exists for ultrasound-guided aspiration of a lymph node specifically; DFA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage/aspiration, lymph node NEC) is the closest match covering the percutaneous approach to a non-specific lymph node, but it is broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance (which would typically be an extension), nor does it distinguish aspiration from drainage.
836455008 (Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of left breast using seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)Percutaneous drainage of breast captures the core action (drainage via a percutaneous approach), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the fluid type (seroma), the use of ultrasound guidance, the catheter type, or left-side laterality. An extension code for laterality (left) could be added.
836456009 (Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of right breast with seroma catheter)maps to wider conceptLCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)Identical clinical action to 836455008 differing only in laterality (right breast); the same ICHI code applies with the same broader mapping, as ICHI does not distinguish seroma, ultrasound guidance, catheter type, or side within the base code.
725937006 (Ultrasonography guided endovenous mechanochemical ablation of varicose vein of lower limb)maps to wider conceptIFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)This ICHI code directly captures endovenous destruction of the lower limb vein, matching the anatomical target and endovenous approach, but is broader as it does not specify the mechanochemical technique, ultrasound guidance, or that the vessel is varicose.
1370887004 (Ultrasonography guided ethanol ablation of cystic thyroid nodule)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)Percutaneous destruction of thyroid tissue correctly represents the target (thyroid) and approach (percutaneous/non-incisional), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the ethanol agent, or the cystic nodule subtype.
1104471000000101 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into bilateral breasts)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)A magnetic marker is a device inserted percutaneously, so this code captures the fundamental action and target, but it is broader as it omits the specific device type (magnetic marker), ultrasound guidance, and bilateral nature of the procedure.
1290538003 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into bilateral breasts)maps to wider conceptLCA.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into breast)LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the breast, which aligns with the core procedure of inserting an RF tag via ultrasound guidance. However, the ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance means, the bilateral nature, or the specific device type (RF identifier tag), making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
432587002 (Ultrasonography guided insertion of suprapubic catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.LI.AE (Percutaneous cystotomy)Suprapubic catheter insertion is a percutaneous cystotomy (percutaneous incision into the bladder to place a catheter), so NAI.LI.AE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code does not capture the suprapubic anatomical approach specifically, the catheter device detail, or the ultrasound guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
450460004 (Ultrasonography guided nephrostomy)maps to wider conceptNAA.LI.AE (Percutaneous nephrostomy)Percutaneous nephrostomy in ICHI corresponds directly to the nephrostomy procedure performed via a percutaneous approach, which is the standard route used under ultrasound guidance. The ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance means axis, making it slightly broader, but the target, action, and approach are otherwise well aligned.
1357764004 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of kidney lesion/tissue, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the cryoablation technique, the ultrasound guidance modality, or the restriction to neoplasm as the target lesion type.
1235002001 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous division of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of unspecified site)MRT.FB.AA covers division of tendon at an unspecified site (matching the SNOMED concept's lack of anatomical site specificity), but is broader because it uses an open approach (AA) rather than percutaneous, and does not reflect the ultrasound guidance; no percutaneous-approach division-of-tendon code exists at the unspecified site level in ICHI.
1296902007 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous embolization of thoracic duct)maps to wider conceptDFP.LA.AF (Percutaneous embolisation or occlusion of thoracic duct)DFP.LA.AF is an excellent structural match — it explicitly encodes percutaneous embolisation of the thoracic duct — but is slightly broader because it groups embolisation together with occlusion and does not capture the ultrasound guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept.
1357761007 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney)NAA.GA.AE correctly captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of a kidney lesion, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish the microwave ablation technique from other destruction methods, nor does it encode the ultrasound guidance.
1357760008 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of liver)maps to wider conceptKCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver)KCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous target-action pairing (percutaneous destruction of liver lesion) accurately, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the specific modality (microwave energy) or the ultrasound guidance used to direct the procedure.
1357758006 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of thyroid)maps to wider conceptEBA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid)EBA.GA.AE correctly represents percutaneous destruction of thyroid tissue, but ICHI does not encode the microwave energy modality or the ultrasonography guidance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
1357759003 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of bone)maps to wider conceptMRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)MRB.GA.AA is the only destruction-of-bone code available in ICHI and covers bone at an unspecified site with an open/unspecified approach, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies percutaneous access, ultrasound guidance, microwave energy, and a neoplastic target.
1357762000 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast)LCA.GA.AE matches on both the percutaneous approach and the breast destruction target, but does not specify the microwave ablation modality or the ultrasound guidance component that distinguish this SNOMED concept.
1336127004 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transhepatic insertion of catheter into biliary tract)maps to wider conceptKCM.DL.AA (Insertion of biliary tract device)KCM.DL.AA captures the core procedure (device insertion into the biliary tract) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the percutaneous transhepatic route, the ultrasound guidance, or the specific instrument (catheter) used.
841191000000109 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal embolization of uterine artery)maps to wider conceptIEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)The ICHI code covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries endovascularly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the uterine artery specifically and includes ultrasonography guidance as the imaging means. The uterine artery is a pelvic artery, so the target is subsumed; ultrasonography guidance and the 'transluminal' approach align with 'endovascular,' but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the uterine artery or the US-guidance modality.
1365948004 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of accessory saphenous vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of lower limb vein)The accessory saphenous vein is a lower limb vein, and laser ablation is a means of endovascular occlusion, so this ICHI code captures the essential intervention. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any lower limb vein (not just the accessory saphenous) and any endovascular occlusion method (not exclusively laser), making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept.
1365951006 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of small saphenous vein)maps to wider conceptIFD.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of lower limb vein)Same reasoning as for the accessory saphenous vein — the small saphenous vein is a lower limb vein and laser ablation is a form of endovascular occlusion, but the ICHI code is broader in both target (any lower limb vein) and means (any endovascular occlusion technique, not exclusively laser).
1344952000 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transperineal laser ablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AE (Transperineal destruction of prostate)The ICHI code precisely matches the transperineal approach and the destructive intent (laser ablation is a form of tissue destruction) on the prostate. It is wider because it encompasses any transperineal destruction method (not exclusively laser ablation) and does not specify ultrasonography guidance.
711308006 (Ultrasonography guided puncture of cyst of kidney)maps to wider conceptNAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)Percutaneous puncture of a renal cyst is the closest available ICHI category, as ICHI subsumes puncture/aspiration of fluid collections under percutaneous drainage of the kidney. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any percutaneous drainage of the kidney (not limited to cysts) and does not capture the ultrasonography guidance or the specific cyst target.
710241003 (Ultrasonography guided removal of foreign body)maps to wider conceptMRS.JD.AH (Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI codes foreign body removal by anatomical site; MRS.JD.AH is a residual/unspecified-site code that captures the core procedure (removal of a foreign body from soft tissue) but does not encode the ultrasound guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the guided approach and applies across any body region.
718144000 (Ultrasonography guided removal of tunneled drain from thorax)maps to wider conceptJCB.JD.AE (Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity)JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity, which is the most specific thoracic drainage site in ICHI, but it does not specify ultrasonography guidance or the tunneled nature of the drain, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
716554004 (Ultrasonography guided removal of tunneled peritoneal drain from peritoneal cavity)maps to wider conceptKMA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity)KMA.JD.AE best matches the procedure — percutaneous removal of an internal device from the peritoneal cavity — which aligns with the tunneled drain removal context, but the ICHI code does not encode ultrasound guidance or the tunneled drain specifically, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept.
726544002 (Ultrasonography guided transrectal cryoablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AC (Transrectal destruction of prostate)ICHI captures the transrectal route and the destructive action on the prostate, but does not distinguish cryoablation as the specific technique nor ultrasound guidance as the means — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
713699007 (Ultrasonography guided vacuum assisted excision of breast)maps to wider conceptLCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of breast)ICHI has no dedicated code for vacuum-assisted percutaneous excision of breast tissue; 'Percutaneous biopsy of breast' is the closest structural match, but it is broader — omitting both ultrasound guidance and the vacuum-assisted excision technique.
446522006 (Ultrasonography in first trimester)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures ultrasound directed at the fetal or embryonic structure, which aligns with first-trimester scanning, but the code carries no trimester specificity and also encompasses later-pregnancy fetal scans, making it broader.
710165007 (Ultrasonography of fetal head)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the fetal head, whereas the ICHI code covers any fetal or embryonic structure with no fetal-head-specific code available in the classification.
710340004 (Ultrasonography of limb)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no single 'ultrasound of limb' code encompassing all limb structures; MZZ.BA.BJ is the broadest musculoskeletal ultrasound residual code and captures the concept, but it covers the entire musculoskeletal system rather than being limb-specific, making it wider than the SNOMED concept.
771242001 (Ultrasonography of placenta)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no dedicated placenta ultrasound code; NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal or embryonic structure (a broader target that includes the placenta), making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the placenta specifically.
241514000 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue mass)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)MRS.BA.BJ matches on both modality (ultrasound) and target (soft tissue), and the 'unspecified site' qualifier appropriately covers any body region. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it is not restricted to a mass lesion, encompassing ultrasound of soft tissue generally.
58231000087109 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPAL.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of abdominal wall)PAL.BA.BJ is the closest available ICHI code and covers ultrasound of the abdominal wall, but 'soft tissue of abdomen' in the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses all abdominal soft tissue, not just the wall. The ICHI code is therefore wider in that it targets only one component of the abdominal soft tissue region.
58251000087100 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of axilla)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI category code exists for ultrasound of soft tissue specifically in the axilla; the nearest available code is MRS.BA.BJ, which covers the same procedure type (soft tissue ultrasound) but at an unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
438491001 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of craniofacial region)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)The MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) contains X-ray and CT codes but no ultrasound category; MRS.BA.BJ is therefore the best available match, covering soft tissue ultrasound at an unspecified site and thus broader than this site-specific SNOMED concept.
58271000087106 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of elbow region)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has MEJ.BA.BJ (ultrasound of elbow joint) but that targets the joint structure, not the soft tissue; MRS.BA.BJ (ultrasound of soft tissue, unspecified site) is a better semantic fit for soft tissue imaging of the elbow region, though it lacks anatomical specificity.
58091000087102 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of forearm)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)No ICHI category code exists for ultrasound of soft tissue of the forearm specifically; MRS.BA.BJ is the best match by procedure type and tissue class, but covers an unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than this forearm-specific SNOMED concept.
58101000087107 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of hand)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no specific ultrasound code for soft tissue of the hand or even soft tissue of the upper limb; the closest assignable code is the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound, which loses the anatomical site specificity of the SNOMED concept.
58111000087109 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of inguinal region)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI contains no soft tissue imaging code for the inguinal region — the inguinal blocks (DFM, PAM) cover lymph node and hernia repair respectively, so the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound is the only applicable code, losing the inguinal site precision.
1356796004 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of lower limb)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)The MQS block (soft tissue of lower limb NEC) contains no ultrasound child code in ICHI, so the best available match is the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound code, which captures the modality and tissue type but not the lower limb location.
384161000119102 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of neck)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of head or neck)The MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) has X-ray and CT children but no ultrasound code; PAB.BA.BJ is the closest site-matched ultrasound code covering the neck region, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (includes head) and tissue scope (not limited to soft tissue).
58151000087108 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of shoulder region)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)The MDB shoulder block contains codes for shoulder joint ultrasound (MDJ.BA.BJ) but not soft tissue of the shoulder; MRS.BA.BJ captures the correct modality and tissue type (soft tissue ultrasound) but forfeits the shoulder site specificity.
58171000087102 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of upper arm)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no ultrasound code specific to soft tissue of the upper arm or upper limb; the MIS block (soft tissue of upper limb) contains no imaging codes. MRS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the upper arm.
58181000087100 (Ultrasonography of soft tissue of wrist region)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has MFJ.BA.BJ for ultrasound of the wrist joint, but the SNOMED concept targets soft tissue of the wrist region — not the joint itself. MRS.BA.BJ (soft tissue unspecified site) is the closest match, capturing the modality and tissue type while being broader in anatomical specificity.
711314004 (Ultrasonography of soft tissues of back)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)The MCS block (soft tissue of trunk) in ICHI contains no imaging or ultrasound codes whatsoever. MRS.BA.BJ is the only ICHI code capturing ultrasound of soft tissue, and it applies to an unspecified site rather than the back specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
1339046004 (Ultrasonography of tendon sheath)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI contains no ultrasound or imaging code for tendon or tendon sheath specifically — the MRT block (tendon, unspecified site) only includes procedural interventions such as excision, repair, and injection, not diagnostic imaging. MRS.BA.BJ (ultrasound of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the closest available code, as tendon sheath is a soft tissue structure, though it is broader in both site and tissue specificity.
419698000 (Ultrasound angiography)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no generic 'ultrasound angiography' code spanning all vessels; IZE.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any blood vessel not classified elsewhere, which is broader than the angiographic framing but is the closest available code for an unspecified-vessel vascular ultrasound procedure.
91672001 (Ultrasound examination of joint)maps to wider conceptMZZ.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI encodes joint ultrasound only at the level of named joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle); there is no generic 'joint ultrasound' category, so MZZ.BA.BJ — the musculoskeletal system NEC ultrasound code — is the best available broader code.
702594008 (Ultrasound guided needle localization of abdomen)maps to wider conceptPAK.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of abdomen)The SNOMED concept describes ultrasound-guided needle localization (an interventional procedure using ultrasound as a guidance means), while PAK.BA.BJ covers only the ultrasound imaging of the abdomen without capturing the needle insertion or localization component. The ICHI code is broader in that it omits the needle guidance action, and no specific ICHI code for ultrasound-guided needle localization of the abdomen exists.
70435002 (Ultrasound peripheral imaging)maps to wider conceptIZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)'Ultrasound peripheral imaging' in clinical use refers to ultrasound of peripheral vessels (arteries and veins of the limbs), which corresponds most closely to IZE.BA.BJ — the residual ultrasound code for blood vessels not classified elsewhere in the vascular hierarchy. ICHI has specific codes for individual vessel territories, so IZE.BA.BJ is broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a general/unspecified peripheral study.
129119005 (Ultrasound phlebography of vena cava)maps to wider conceptIZD.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of vein, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has intravascular ultrasound codes for the superior (HIB.BA.AF) and inferior (HIC.BA.AF) vena cava separately, but these capture intravascular (catheter-based) ultrasound only; the SNOMED concept refers to external ultrasound imaging of the vena cava without specifying superior or inferior. IZD.BA.BJ (ultrasound of vein, NEC) is the best available residual code, but is broader as it covers any unspecified vein rather than specifically the vena cava.
408814002 (Ultrasound scan for fetal anomaly)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)ICHI's code covers all ultrasound of fetal structures without specifying the clinical purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically an anomaly (morphology) survey scan. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any fetal ultrasound indication.
241493005 (Ultrasound scan for fetal growth)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept denotes a biometry-focused growth assessment scan, but ICHI encodes no purpose-specific fetal ultrasound codes beyond this general residual category; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
169228004 (Ultrasound scan for fetal presentation)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)Determining fetal lie and presenting part is a specific clinical indication not captured in ICHI's classification; the only fetal ultrasound category that applies is this NEC residual code, which is broader.
169230002 (Ultrasound scan for fetal viability)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)Viability scanning (confirming cardiac activity, early pregnancy assessment) is a specific clinical purpose that ICHI does not distinguish; the general fetal ultrasound NEC code is the closest available match and is broader.
287586004 (Ultrasound urinary calculus fragmentation)maps to wider conceptNAN.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)NAN.GA.BJ captures destruction (GA) of urinary system calculi via ultrasound/shockwave energy (BJ) without specifying the site within the urinary tract, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept that also does not specify a particular urinary organ; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any ESWL modality of the urinary system NEC, while the SNOMED concept specifically names ultrasound fragmentation.
229587005 (Ultraviolet A therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)ICHI does not distinguish UVA, UVB, or UVC subtypes within its phototherapy codes — the closest full-body phototherapy code (PZA.SC.AH) covers all phototherapy modalities without specifying the UV waveband. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all phototherapy wavelengths.
229588000 (Ultraviolet B therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)As with UVA therapy, ICHI does not provide a waveband-specific code for UVB; PZA.SC.AH covers whole-body phototherapy of any type, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the UVB spectrum.
229589008 (Ultraviolet C therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)UVC therapy (germicidal UV, occasionally used for wound disinfection) is not individually coded in ICHI; PZA.SC.AH for whole-body phototherapy is the best available match but is broader since it does not capture the UVC waveband specificity or its distinct antimicrobial intent.
233519002 (Umbilical artery cannula insertion)maps to wider conceptIZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has a specific code for umbilical vein catheter insertion (IED.DL.AF) but no equivalent for the umbilical artery; IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous catheter/device insertion into any artery not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the specific umbilical artery target in the SNOMED concept.
172921000 (Uncinectomy)maps to wider conceptJAH.JJ.AA (Ethmoidectomy)The uncinate process is part of the ethmoid complex and uncinectomy is a partial excision of ethmoid-region nasal tissue; ICHI has no dedicated uncinectomy code and ethmoidectomy is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader as it encompasses removal of the entire ethmoid labyrinth rather than just the uncinate process.
397914003 (Uncomplicated intravascular line insertion)maps to wider conceptIZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept describes a generic, non-specific vascular access procedure; IZE.DL.AF covers percutaneous device insertion into any blood vessel (arterial or venous) not elsewhere classified, making it a good but broader match that does not capture the "uncomplicated" qualifier or the specific access site.
385822007 (Universal precautions)maps to wider conceptUEP.VE.ZZ (Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies)Universal precautions is a specific set of infection-control practices (gloves, PPE, safe sharps handling) applied to all patients to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission; the closest ICHI code covers health-care infection control measures broadly at the policy/systems level, which is wider than the specific clinical practice concept captured by SNOMED.
410179009 (Universal precautions assessment)maps to wider conceptUEP.AA.ZZ (Assessment of health services, systems and policies)No ICHI code exists for assessment specifically of universal precautions compliance; the best structural parallel is "Assessment of health services, systems and policies," which captures an assessment action within the health-systems environment domain but is considerably broader than assessing universal precautions adherence specifically.
410181006 (Universal precautions management)maps to wider conceptUEP.VE.ZZ (Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies)Universal precautions management refers to operationalising and overseeing universal precautions protocols; "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies" is the nearest ICHI category covering implementation of infection control at the organisational/policy level, but it is wider than the specific management of universal precautions practice.
240991007 (Unroofing of blister)maps to wider conceptLZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)Unroofing a blister is a minor skin procedure to open and drain a fluid-filled vesicle; ICHI encodes this as drainage of skin NEC since no blister-specific code exists. The ICHI code is broader, covering any drainage of skin regardless of lesion type or body region.
359718007 (Upper digestive tract operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system)This SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any surgical procedure on the upper digestive tract, not a specific intervention; no single ICHI category code captures it. The ICHI block BlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system) is the best organisational grouping, though it is broader as it includes the lower digestive tract as well.
229231001 (Upper limb control work)maps to wider conceptMVD.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for control of voluntary movement functions)"Upper limb control work" is a rehabilitation exercise targeting voluntary motor control specifically of the upper limb, while MVD.PG.ZZ covers exercise for voluntary movement control without body-part specificity. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the upper limb.
108031006 (Ureter destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNAE.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter)NAE.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the ureter, which is the best available ICHI match for a ureteral destructive procedure. The SNOMED concept is a broad category grouping any destructive procedure on the ureter.
56807000 (Ureterolithotomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.JE.AA (Extraction of calculus of ureter)Ureterolithotomy is specifically the open surgical incision of the ureter to extract a calculus, whereas NAE.JE.AA covers open calculus extraction more broadly without mandating the ureterotomy technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept.
1533002 (Ureteroplication)maps to wider conceptNAE.MK.AA (Repair of ureter)Ureteroplication is a specific technique of folding/tucking the ureter wall to reduce its calibre, which falls within the broader concept of ureteral repair; no plication-specific code exists for the ureter in ICHI. NAE.MK.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader as it encompasses any open repair technique.
236187009 (Ureteroscopic adjustment of ureteric stent)maps to wider conceptNAE.SN.AC (Management of internal device of ureter)Ureteroscopic adjustment of a ureteric stent is a specific form of managing an internal ureteral device; NAE.SN.AC captures the general concept of managing an internal ureter device but does not specify the ureteroscopic approach or that the action is specifically "adjustment".
447343002 (Ureteroscopic division of stricture of ureter)maps to wider conceptNAE.FA.AA (Ureterotomy)Ureterotomy (FA = incision/division action on the ureter) is the correct action-type match for dividing a ureteral stricture, but the ICHI code specifies an open approach (AA) rather than ureteroscopic, and does not restrict to stricture division specifically.
176058000 (Ureteroscopic laser fragmentation of ureteric calculus)maps to wider conceptNAE.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter)Endoscopic destruction (GA action, AD = endoscopic means) on the ureter covers the laser fragmentation concept, as laser lithotripsy is a form of endoscopic destruction of calculus tissue; however, the ICHI title refers to "lesion or tissue" rather than calculus specifically, and does not encode the laser instrument.
236182003 (Ureteroscopic removal of ureteric lesion)maps to wider conceptNAE.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter)This is the closest ICHI code as it explicitly targets "lesion or tissue of ureter" via an endoscopic approach, aligning well with ureteroscopic lesion removal; however, ICHI frames this as "destruction" rather than "removal/excision".
61063002 (Ureterostomy)maps to wider conceptNAE.LI.AA (Urinary diversion)ICHI has no specific ureterostomy code; urinary diversion (NAE.LI.AA) is the nearest concept as ureterostomy (creation of a cutaneous ureteral opening) is a form of urinary diversion, but the ICHI code encompasses all types of urinary diversion procedures and is therefore broader.
49372007 (Ureterotomy with drainage)maps to wider conceptNAE.FA.AA (Ureterotomy)ICHI's NAE.FA.AA encodes ureterotomy (incision of the ureter) without specifying drainage as a co-component, so the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming drainage as an explicit part of the procedure. The code is nonetheless the closest assignable ICHI category.
410021007 (Urethral catheterization)maps to wider conceptNAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)Urethral catheterization inserts a catheter through the urethra into the bladder, which aligns with NAI.DL.AD (insertion of device into urinary bladder via endoscopic/natural orifice route); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any device inserted into the bladder (not specifically a catheter via the urethra).
1255195003 (Urethral irrigation of urinary bladder via catheter)maps to wider conceptNAI.JA.AC (Irrigation of urinary bladder)NAI.JA.AC maps directly to the core clinical act — irrigating the urinary bladder — which is precisely what this SNOMED concept describes; the ICHI code does not specify the catheter/urethral route, making it marginally broader.
176372000 (Urethral pressure measurement)maps to wider conceptNAM.AB.AD (Urethral pressure profilometry)NAM.AB.AD specifically refers to urethral pressure profilometry — a technique that produces a pressure profile along the entire length of the urethra — which is broader than a single pressure measurement at a point. However, it is the closest available ICHI code in the urethra interventions block.
287743002 (Urethral removal of ureteric clot)maps to wider conceptNAE.JD.AD (Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a ureteric clot/thrombus via the urethra; NAE.JD.AD covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ureter, which is the closest procedural match (same route and target organ), but the action axis JD is broader than clot-specific removal.
52384003 (Urethromeatoplasty with mucosal advancement)maps to wider conceptNAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra)Urethromeatoplasty with mucosal advancement is a specific reconstructive procedure on the urethral meatus using advanced mucosal flap technique; NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra) is the closest ICHI category and encompasses this procedure conceptually, but is broader as it covers all forms of urethral reconstruction.
82087005 (Urethropexy)maps to wider conceptNAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)Urethropexy is a surgical fixation/suspension of the urethra (or bladder neck) to correct stress urinary incontinence, which aligns closely with bladder neck suspension procedures. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it centres on the bladder neck rather than the urethra specifically, and encompasses multiple suspension techniques.
71980001 (Urethroplasty, repair of membranous urethra, first stage)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)NAM.MK.AA covers repair of urethra broadly, which encompasses urethroplasty of the membranous urethra; however, ICHI does not distinguish the membranous segment of the urethra or the staged nature (first stage) of the repair, making the ICHI code wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
48320007 (Urethroplasty, repair of membranous urethra, second stage)maps to wider conceptNAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)Same rationale as concept 71980001 — NAM.MK.AA represents urethral repair generically without encoding the membranous segment specificity or the staged (second stage) nature of the procedure.
410369000 (Urinary bladder care surveillance)maps to wider conceptNAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)ICHI covers the broader urinary system assessment rather than bladder-specific surveillance, and NAN.AA.ZZ is a residual "not elsewhere classified" code. The SNOMED concept is specifically about ongoing surveillance/monitoring of the urinary bladder, whereas the ICHI code encompasses any urinary system assessment.
410252004 (Urinary catheter care education)maps to wider conceptNT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly, which encompasses catheter care education but is not restricted to it. No specific ICHI code exists for catheter-focused education; this is the closest functional category within the genitourinary interventions hierarchy.
410253009 (Urinary catheter care management)maps to wider conceptNAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)NAI.SN.AC captures the management of an indwelling (internal) device at the urinary bladder, which aligns closely with urinary catheter care management; however, it is broader in that it covers any internal bladder device, not exclusively a catheter.
401020005 (Urinary cortisol analysis)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI does not have a specific code for urinary cortisol measurement; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest applicable category covering chemical analyte analysis in urine, making it wider than the specific cortisol assay described in the SNOMED concept.
252301006 (Urinary hemosiderin detection)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)Hemosiderin detection in urine is a specific iron-storage protein assay with no dedicated ICHI code; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest applicable laboratory category covering qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of urine, making it wider than this specific detection test.
386488008 (Urinary incontinence care)maps to wider conceptNT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)"Urinary incontinence care" is a nursing/clinical management concept covering practical hands-on support for a patient with urinary incontinence, which aligns best with NT2.RB.ZZ (practical support with urinary functions). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all urinary functions, not specifically incontinence, and "practical support" is a reasonable but non-specific rendering of the nursing care concept.
408979003 (Urinary incontinence care management)maps to wider conceptNT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)"Urinary incontinence care management" overlaps closely with 386488008 and maps to the same best available ICHI code; no more specific ICHI code for incontinence management exists beyond the practical-support and training codes within the urinary functions block. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all urinary functions rather than incontinence specifically, and "management" implies a more coordinated, possibly multi-component intervention than ICHI captures at this granularity.
88028009 (Urinary pressure and flow study)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)A urinary pressure and flow study (urodynamics/uroflowmetry/cystometry) is a functional measurement of the lower urinary tract; NTC.AB.ZZ (measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any measurement of urinary excretory functions and does not specify the pressure-and-flow/urodynamic nature of the procedure; note also that NAM.AB.AD (urethral pressure profilometry) covers only one component of the study.
386490009 (Urinary retention care)maps to wider conceptNT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)"Urinary retention care" is a nursing-care concept for managing inability to void, which sits within the urinary functions domain; NT2.RB.ZZ (practical support with urinary functions) is the best available ICHI match when no retention-specific code exists. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all urinary functions rather than retention specifically, and may include catheterisation or other techniques that ICHI would code separately.
392064002 (Urinary tract operations)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system)This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all surgical procedures on the urinary tract, which maps best to the ICHI block "Interventions on urinary system" (BlockL4-NAA). The ICHI block is slightly wider as it encompasses the full urinary system including functional interventions, not just operative procedures; a block code is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a category rather than a specific procedure.
271075006 (Urine albumin/creatinine ratio measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI has no analyte-level code for albumin/creatinine ratio; however, "Measurement of urinary excretory functions" (NTC.AB.ZZ) is the best functional fit, as the albumin/creatinine ratio is a quantitative assessment of urinary excretory function (specifically proteinuria/albuminuria). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any measurement of urinary excretory function, not just this specific biochemical ratio.
252386004 (Urine dipstick for specific gravity)maps to wider conceptXG4F04 (Urinalysis test strips)XG4F04 covers urinalysis test strips broadly, which is the instrument used in a dipstick test. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the parameter being measured is specific gravity specifically — dipstick panels typically cover multiple analytes.
269881001 (Urine microscopy for organisms AND/OR foreign bodies)maps to wider conceptXG69Q0 (Microscopy)XG69Q0 represents microscopy as an essential laboratory test extension code but is not specific to urine or to the detection of organisms and foreign bodies; it is the closest available ICHI term and is broader than the SNOMED concept.
385842003 (Urine specimen care)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)PZX.AH.XB covers the collection of a urine specimen and is the closest ICHI code available; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because "specimen care" refers specifically to post-collection handling and preservation activities, which ICHI subsumes under the broader collection category rather than representing as a separate intervention.
385841005 (Urine specimen care assessment)maps to wider conceptPZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)The SNOMED concept is specifically about assessing the care and handling of a urine specimen, whereas PZX.AH.XB covers the act of collecting a urine specimen more broadly. No ICHI code captures the narrower "assessment of urine specimen care" aspect, making this a wider match.
302778005 (Urological investigation)maps to wider conceptNAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)NAN.AA.ZZ is the broadest urinary system assessment code in ICHI and aligns well with a general urological investigation; it is a wider match because ICHI's code covers any assessment of the anatomical urinary system while the SNOMED concept encompasses all urological investigative activities (imaging, functional tests, etc.).
241515004 (US measurement of skin thickness)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AB.ZZ (Measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)LZZ.AB.ZZ captures measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue generally but does not specify the ultrasound modality or the thickness parameter; no more specific ICHI code for ultrasound-based skin thickness measurement exists in the integumentary section, making this a wider match.
303925005 (US of tendon)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no tendon-specific ultrasound code; the closest available code covers all soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader than the tendon-specific scope of the SNOMED concept. Tendon is a subset of soft tissue, so the ICHI code encompasses more than intended.
169225001 (US scan - fetal maturity)maps to wider conceptNMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of fetal structures broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically an ultrasound to assess fetal maturity (gestational age/biophysical profile). The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the maturity-assessment purpose.
302801006 (US scan of genitourinary system)maps to wider conceptNAN.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)NAN.BA.BJ covers the urinary system only (sitting within BlockL4-NAA "Interventions on urinary system"), while the SNOMED concept encompasses the full genitourinary system including reproductive organs. The ICHI code is therefore narrower in system scope but is the best available match, making the overall equivalence wider from the ICHI perspective relative to the intended clinical breadth.
241449005 (US scan of head)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of head or neck)The SNOMED concept is scoped to the head only, whereas the ICHI code covers "head or neck" as a combined topographical region. No head-only ultrasound code exists in ICHI, making this the best available match but broader than the SNOMED concept.
241453007 (US scan of neck)maps to wider conceptPAB.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of head or neck)ICHI combines head and neck into a single topographical target with no separate neck-only ultrasound code; the SNOMED concept is limited to the neck, so the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope.
241507002 (US scan of orthopedic soft tissues)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)The SNOMED concept is restricted to orthopaedic (i.e., musculoskeletal system) soft tissues, while the ICHI code refers to soft tissue of unspecified body site and is housed in the musculoskeletal chapter; the ICHI code is the closest match but is broader in that it does not restrict to orthopaedic structures and carries no site specificity.
303923003 (US scan of soft tissues of arm)maps to wider conceptMRS.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI has no ultrasound code for soft tissue of the upper limb specifically — the MIS block (musculoskeletal structures of upper limb NEC) contains no imaging codes, and no upper-limb soft-tissue ultrasound code exists. MRS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of soft tissue at an unspecified site, making it broader than the arm-specific SNOMED concept.
710961002 (Use of supportive positioning)maps to wider conceptPZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available match, covering deliberate positioning of the whole body as a clinical intervention; however it is broader than "supportive positioning" because it encompasses any positioning purpose rather than specifically supportive or comfort-oriented positioning.
726598003 (Ustekinumab therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Ustekinumab is an anti-IL-12/23 monoclonal antibody (immunological agent) typically administered subcutaneously (percutaneous route); however this ICHI code is broader because it covers any immunological agent given percutaneously, not specifically ustekinumab.
215192006 (Uterine evacuation and curettage of hydatidiform mole)maps to wider conceptNME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus)Suction curettage of the uterus is the standard technique used for hydatidiform mole evacuation, making this the best procedural match. However, the ICHI code does not capture the specific indication (hydatidiform mole), so the mapping is wider.
91114006 (Uterine implantation of radium)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus by radiotherapy)Radium implantation into the uterus is a form of intracavitary brachytherapy whose clinical intent is tissue destruction by radiation, aligning with NME.GA.BA. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of uterine radiotherapy without specifying the radium/intracavitary approach.
120048007 (Uterus destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures)NME.GA.AA covers destruction of the uterus and supporting structures, which broadly matches the SNOMED concept of a uterine destructive procedure. The ICHI code is wider because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any destructive modality.
8335001 (Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty)maps to wider conceptKAS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft palate)Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a combined procedure involving partial excision of the soft palate, uvulectomy, and oropharyngeal reconstruction; no single ICHI code captures all three targets. KAS.JJ.AA covers the dominant surgical component but is broader as it does not encode the uvula or pharyngeal elements.
47628005 (V-excision of lip with primary direct linear closure)maps to wider conceptKAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lip)KAA.JJ.AA captures the partial (wedge/V-shaped) excision of the lip, which is the core of this procedure. However, ICHI does not encode the specific V-excision technique or the associated primary direct linear closure repair.
46079006 (Vaccination by injection gun)maps to wider conceptDTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)An injection gun (jet injector) delivers vaccine percutaneously without a needle, which aligns with the percutaneous means in DTB.VD.AE. However, ICHI does not distinguish jet-injector delivery from other percutaneous vaccination methods, making the ICHI code broader.
108083004 (Vagina destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptNMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina)The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all destructive procedures on the vagina, while NMH.GA.AC refers specifically to destruction of a lesion of the vagina (the most clinically common form). The SNOMED concept is a category/grouper and ICHI is a leaf code that represents one representative member of that group.
89053004 (Vaginal cesarean section)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AA (Delivery by caesarean section)NME.JF.AA covers all caesarean section deliveries without specifying the approach. The SNOMED concept "vaginal cesarean section" is a specific variant performed through the vagina/cervix, which is a narrower concept than the ICHI code that does not distinguish by operative approach.
22633006 (Vaginal delivery, medical personnel present)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)NME.JF.AC maps precisely to the clinical act of vaginal delivery. The SNOMED concept adds the qualifier "medical personnel present," which is a context condition not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code slightly broader.
38443001 (Vaginal implantation of radium)maps to wider conceptNMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)ICHI does not have a specific code for radium/brachytherapy implantation into the vagina; "Insertion of internal device of vagina" is the closest structural match as radium applicators are internal devices inserted into the vagina. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal vaginal device, not specifically radioactive implants.
268408009 (Vaginal smear biopsy)maps to wider conceptNMH.AH.XF (Specimen collection from vagina)A vaginal smear is a specific type of specimen collection (surface cell sampling), whereas NMH.AH.XF covers any specimen collection from the vagina; a smear is not a true tissue biopsy, making specimen collection the better fit, albeit broader in scope.
176887000 (Vaginofixation of uterus)maps to wider conceptNME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension)Vaginofixation of the uterus is a specific technique that suspends the uterus by suturing it to the vaginal wall; ICHI's "Uterine suspension" captures the operative goal but is broader as it does not specify the transvaginal suturing technique.
120013000 (Vas deferens excision)maps to wider conceptNGD.JK.AA (Total excision of spermatic cord)ICHI maps vas deferens procedures under the spermatic cord block (NGD), and NGD.JK.AA is the best-fitting excision code; however, it covers the entire spermatic cord rather than the vas deferens specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
440401008 (Vascular disease risk assessment)maps to wider conceptHT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of cardiovascular function generally; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to risk assessment specifically.
385467009 (Vascular procedure on axilla)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-ICA (Interventions on vessels of upper limb)ICHI has no axilla-specific vascular codes; axillary vessels fall under the upper limb block (ICA/ICD), making BlockL4-ICA the best available match. This block-level code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which restricts to the axilla region.
236358002 (Vascular procedure on the penis)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-NGM (Interventions on penis)ICHI's NGM block covers all interventions on the penis but is not subdivided by vascular versus non-vascular; the only explicitly vascular code is NGM.LI.AA (Revascularisation of penis), which is too narrow for this grouper concept.
287373009 (Vascular prosthesis by-pass graft)maps to wider conceptIZE.LI.AA (Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI captures the core bypass procedure on a blood vessel but does not specify the use of a prosthetic graft as the means, nor is it restricted to any anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies prosthesis bypass graft.
373392003 (Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-IEA (Interventions on abdominal vessels)The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping for any vascular surgical procedure in the abdominal region; BlockL4-IEA covers all interventions on abdominal vessels but is wider as it includes non-surgical (endovascular, imaging) interventions.
373198009 (Vascular surgical procedure on lower limb)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-IFA (Interventions on vessels of lower limb)The SNOMED concept is a broad category-level grouping for any vascular surgical procedure on the lower limb; BlockL4-IFA is the closest ICHI structural match but is wider because it encompasses both arterial and venous interventions and includes non-surgical approaches.
1204096004 (Vascularized bone graft to carpal bone with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)MGB.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for a bone graft targeting the hand skeleton (which includes carpal bones), but ICHI does not distinguish vascularized from non-vascularized grafts nor does it encode the microsurgical technique.
1204097008 (Vascularized bone graft to femur with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMLB.ML.AA (Bone graft to femur)MLB.ML.AA matches the anatomical target (femur) and the graft action, but ICHI does not encode whether the graft is vascularized or performed with microsurgical technique.
1204098003 (Vascularized bone graft to fibula with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)MNB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the tibia or fibula together as a combined target, making it broader than a fibula-specific SNOMED concept; additionally, ICHI does not distinguish vascularized/microsurgical bone grafts from conventional grafts within this code.
1204101004 (Vascularized bone graft to humerus with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMEB.ML.AA (Bone graft to humerus)MEB.ML.AA matches the target anatomy (humerus) precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish vascularized microsurgical bone grafting from non-vascularized conventional grafting.
817964008 (Vascularized bone graft to pelvis with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMKB.ML.AA (Bone graft to pelvis)MKB.ML.AA matches the pelvic target anatomy, but ICHI encodes no distinction between vascularized (microsurgical) and non-vascularized bone grafts.
1204102006 (Vascularized bone graft to radius with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMFB.ML.AA (Bone graft to forearm)MFB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the entire forearm (radius and ulna combined), making it broader than the radius-specific SNOMED concept; furthermore, ICHI does not encode the vascularized microsurgical technique.
817963002 (Vascularized bone graft to spine with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)ICHI only offers spine bone graft codes at specific vertebral levels with no single assignable code for the spine generically, so MRB.ML.AA (unspecified site) is used as the closest available generic option; the microsurgical vascularized technique is also not distinguished.
1204099006 (Vascularized bone graft to tibia with microsurgery)maps to wider conceptMNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)MNB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the tibia or fibula broadly, but does not capture two specific features of the SNOMED concept: the graft being vascularized and the use of microsurgical technique.
243065005 (Vasectomy education)maps to wider conceptNUD.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to fertility)Vasectomy education is a specific patient counselling activity about a procedure that affects male fertility; the closest ICHI category is education about functions related to fertility, which is broader as it covers all fertility-related education rather than specifically vasectomy counselling.
870386000 (Vasopressor therapy)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)Vasopressor therapy is the administration of vasoactive drugs to raise blood pressure; ICHI has no specific vasopressor or vasoactive drug code, so the best available match is the generic pharmacotherapy administration code, which is substantially broader and does not specify drug class.
360141002 (Vectis extraction)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)Vectis extraction is an obstetric technique using a single-blade lever (vectis) to assist vaginal delivery of the fetal head; ICHI has no specific code for instrumental vaginal delivery by vectis or any other instrument, so vaginal delivery is the best available but broader match.
231745000 (Vectis extraction of lens)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)BBF.JK.AA covers extraction of the lens in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies "vectis" extraction — a specific technique using a vectis instrument. ICHI does not distinguish this instrument-level variant.
119818004 (Vein closure)maps to wider conceptIZD.LA.AA (Occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified)"Vein closure" is a broad term encompassing ligation, sclerotherapy, thermal ablation, or mechanical occlusion of a vein. IZD.LA.AA captures the generic occlusion concept for unspecified veins, though the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the method.
22778000 (Venipuncture)maps to wider conceptDIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood)Venipuncture is a specific technique (needle puncture of a vein) performed primarily to collect blood, while DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood by any means. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the venous/needle route.
69380006 (Venous catheterization for renal dialysis)maps to wider conceptNAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis)ICHI NAA.JC.AF describes the renal dialysis procedure as a whole rather than the catheterization step used to establish venous access; the SNOMED concept is narrower in scope (just the venous access component).
233050006 (Ventricular operation)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-HBA (Interventions on heart, ventricle)"Ventricular operation" is a high-level grouper for any operation on a cardiac ventricle; BlockL4-HBA is the closest structural equivalent but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code.
870252007 (Ventricular tachycardia ablation)maps to wider conceptHFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)VT ablation is performed percutaneously via catheter to destroy arrhythmogenic myocardial circuits; ICHI codes ablation under "cardiac conduction system" without distinguishing VT-specific targets from other indications.
10795000 (Ventriculocaval shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)ICHI's "Ventricular shunt" covers all types of ventricular CSF diversion; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming both the vena cava destination and the presence of a valve mechanism.
359958000 (Ventriculocisternal shunt with valve)maps to wider conceptAAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)ICHI "Ventricular shunt" subsumes ventriculocisternal shunting as a variant; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the cisternal destination and the valve component.
287227005 (Ventriculopuncture of brain)maps to wider conceptAAE.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of ventricles of brain)Ventriculopuncture is a needle puncture of a brain ventricle, performed percutaneously for CSF drainage or pressure relief; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses any form of percutaneous ventricular drainage.
313069005 (Verbal abuse counseling)maps to wider conceptVB1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about violence-related behaviours, unspecified)Verbal abuse is a form of violence-related behaviour and counselling is the correct ICHI action; however, ICHI's code is broader — it covers all violence-related behaviours rather than specifically verbal/psychological abuse.
225219005 (Verbal communication interventions)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-SGA (Interventions on conversation and use of communication devices and techniques)The closest structural match is a non-assignable block that also encompasses non-verbal communication devices, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
107758008 (Vertebral column destructive procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-MBA (Interventions on vertebral column)No single ICHI category exists for a generic "vertebral column destructive procedure"; the block groups all vertebral column procedures including destructive ones, though it is still wider as it includes non-destructive interventions.
107755006 (Vertebral column excision)maps to wider conceptMBZ.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept refers broadly to excision of the vertebral column without specifying level or extent; MBZ.JK.AA covers total excision of a vertebra at an unspecified site, the best available match in the unspecified vertebral column block.
287349001 (Vessel graft by-pass)maps to wider conceptIZE.LI.AA (Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept specifies a bypass performed using a graft on an unspecified vessel; IZE.LI.AA captures the bypass but does not encode the graft means, making the ICHI code broader.
287342005 (Vessel shunt/by-pass)maps to wider conceptIZE.LI.AA (Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept is a grouper combining both shunting and bypassing of blood vessels; IZE.LI.AA covers only the bypass modality and does not encode shunting.
287348009 (Vessel synthetic by-pass)maps to wider conceptIZE.LI.AA (Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specific to synthetic-graft bypasses; IZE.LI.AA captures any bypass of an unspecified blood vessel but does not encode the synthetic conduit material.
287346008 (Vessel synthetic implant)maps to wider conceptIZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)Implanting a synthetic conduit into a vessel most closely corresponds to reconstruction of a blood vessel; ICHI does not encode the synthetic-material attribute.
438617006 (Vestibular nerve section by transcranial approach)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)AAN.FB.AA encodes open division (section) of any cranial nerve, which encompasses the vestibular branch of CN VIII via a transcranial approach; ICHI does not further specify the nerve identity or the transcranial route.
172742006 (Vestibular neurectomy)maps to wider conceptAAN.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cranial nerve)Neurectomy best maps to partial excision of a cranial nerve; ICHI does not specify the vestibular nerve identity.
33220009 (Vestibuloplasty of entire arch)maps to wider conceptKAZ.LK.AC (Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)Vestibuloplasty deepens the oral vestibule; KAZ.LK.AC captures this action but is scoped to the oral cavity generally rather than specifying the full arch.
709135003 (Video screen time education)maps to wider conceptVEL.PM.ZZ (Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)ICHI has no specific code for screen time or digital media use education; VEL.PM.ZZ is the closest thematic fit, broader as it covers all psychological health behaviours.
82463000 (Vidianectomy)maps to wider conceptAAN.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cranial nerve)Vidianectomy is the surgical resection of the vidian nerve; no ICHI code exists for this specific nerve, so the broader cranial nerve excision code is the closest structural match.
410237006 (Violence control management)maps to wider conceptBlockL3-VB1 (Interventions on violence-related behaviours)"Violence control management" is a high-level concept covering the full spectrum of interventions; the block best reflects this broad scope, though it is an organisational block rather than an assignable code.
69873004 (Viscosity measurement)maps to wider conceptDTA.AB.ZZ (Measurement of haematological system functions)Blood viscosity measurement is a specific haematological function measurement, but DTA.AB.ZZ covers all haematological system function measurements rather than viscosity alone.
408888006 (Vision care assessment)maps to wider conceptBZZ.AA.AH (Assessment of the eye and eye functions)"Vision care assessment" implies a broad clinical eye and vision evaluation; the ICHI code is broader as it does not limit itself to the "care" framing.
408760009 (Vision screening)maps to wider conceptBTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions)Vision screening aligns most closely with "Test of seeing functions"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any test of seeing functions rather than specifically population-based screening.
183270005 (Visual defect-remedial therapy)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)"Visual defect-remedial therapy" aligns most closely with training of seeing functions; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the remedial/corrective goal.
65943000 (Visual rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptBTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)Visual rehabilitation encompasses a programme of interventions to restore or compensate for lost visual function; the best available ICHI code captures the rehabilitative training dimension but is broader.
231770000 (Vitreoretinal procedures for retinal detachment)maps to wider conceptBCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina)Broad SNOMED grouper covering vitrectomy, scleral buckling, retinopexy, etc.; the closest assignable ICHI code captures retinal repair, the dominant corrective intent.
70082004 (Vocational rehabilitation)maps to wider conceptSU2.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)Vocational rehabilitation is a multi-component programme to restore work capacity; the ICHI training code captures the dominant action but is broader and does not encode the rehabilitative scope.
311683000 (Voice hygiene procedures)maps to wider conceptJUB.PM.ZZ (Education about voice functions)Voice hygiene is educational/behavioural intervention teaching vocal protection (hydration, vocal rest); ICHI code is wider as it covers any education about voice functions beyond hygiene specifically.
311689001 (Voice use awareness)maps to wider conceptJUB.PN.ZZ (Advising about voice functions)Voice use awareness aims to raise patient insight into voice use; the ICHI advising code is wider as it covers all forms of advice on voice function beyond awareness-raising.
408197007 (von Willebrand Normandy screening test)maps to wider conceptDTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)A specific haematological assay subtyping von Willebrand disease; the only comparable ICHI code covers any test of haematological function and is substantially broader than this named test.
68792000 (Wardill operation, cleft palate repair)maps to wider conceptKAT.MK.AA (Repair of hard palate)The Wardill (V-Y pushback) operation repairs cleft palate involving the hard palate; ICHI is broader as it covers any hard palate repair technique, and the operation also typically involves the soft palate.
225173005 (Washing stoma with clean lukewarm water)maps to wider conceptPTD.SN.AC (Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified)Washing a stoma with water is a specific stoma hygiene/maintenance task within stoma management; ICHI code is broader, covering all unspecified stoma management activities.
243191009 (Wasp desensitization therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)Wasp (Hymenoptera venom) desensitization is allergen immunotherapy delivered subcutaneously; ICHI code is broader, covering any percutaneous administration of any immunological agent.
59254005 (Water analysis)maps to wider conceptUBN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water quality)Closest ICHI concept to water analysis; it is slightly broader, framing the activity as a public health environmental assessment rather than a specific analytical test.
177185001 (Water birth delivery)maps to wider conceptNME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)ICHI has no specific water birth code; vaginal delivery is the closest applicable category and is broader because it does not capture aquatic immersion during birth.
870392006 (Weaning from noninvasive ventilation)maps to wider conceptJTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)Closest ICHI code covering mechanical ventilatory support, but broader: it does not distinguish noninvasive from invasive ventilation, nor cover the weaning/discontinuation process specifically.
20418004 (Wedge resection)maps to wider conceptJBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lung)Generic SNOMED concept (site unspecified) most commonly applied to lung; the ICHI code is wider as it covers any local lung lesion excision rather than specifically wedge-shaped resections.
185830005 (Well adult monitoring first letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Sending a first invitation/recall letter for well-adult monitoring; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but encodes no postal modality or sequence position. Aligned with rows 20579-20582 (3rd letter, telephone invite, verbal invite, Well man invitation) — no ICHI-relevant distinction exists between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd invitation letters.
185831009 (Well adult monitoring second letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Sending a follow-up (second) invitation/recall letter for well-adult monitoring; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but encodes no postal modality or sequence position. Aligned with rows 20579-20582 — no ICHI-relevant distinction exists between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd invitation letters.
185834001 (Well adult monitoring telephone invite)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Mode-specific outreach act targeting screening uptake; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but does not encode the telephone medium or well-adult monitoring context.
185832002 (Well adult monitoring third letter)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Sending a third (follow-up) letter to invite well-adult monitoring; nearest ICHI code covers alerting individuals about screening behaviours but encodes no postal modality or repetition sequence.
185833007 (Well adult monitoring verbal invite)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Verbal (face-to-face/opportunistic) invitation for well-adult monitoring; closest ICHI code is broader, encoding no information about the verbal modality or specific monitoring programme.
310433008 (Well man monitoring invitation)maps to wider conceptVDB.VF.ZZ (Alert concerning screening behaviours)Invitation to a well-man monitoring programme — outreach/alert engaging male patients in preventive screening; ICHI code is broader, lacking sex-specific or modality-specific detail.
410321003 (Wellness health education, guidance, and counseling)maps to wider conceptVE1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)ICHI covers counselling, education, and advising as separate action codes across many target domains, so no single code captures all three modalities (education + guidance + counselling) in one. VE1.PP.ZZ is the broadest available single code that encompasses general wellness-oriented health behaviour support, though it is strictly narrower in action than the SNOMED concept — making the ICHI code broader in scope of subject matter but narrower in action; on balance the ICHI code is wider in target coverage than this specific SNOMED wellness counselling concept.
229609004 (Wheelchair education)maps to wider conceptSJJ.PM.ZZ (Education about moving around using equipment)SJJ.PM.ZZ covers education about mobility using any equipment, of which a wheelchair is the prototypical example; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to wheelchairs and encompasses all mobility equipment. It is nonetheless the best available match, falling under the "Interventions on mobility" hierarchy within activities and participation.
229610009 (Wheelchair use training)maps to wider conceptSJJ.PH.ZZ (Training in moving around using equipment)SJJ.PH.ZZ covers training in moving around using any equipment, of which wheelchair use is the prototypical example, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all mobility equipment (crutches, walkers, scooters, etc.). No more specific wheelchair training code exists in ICHI.
252221005 (Whiskey stimulation test)maps to wider conceptAVA.AC.ZZ (Test of taste functions)The whiskey stimulation test is a provocative test that assesses gustatory (taste) and autonomic salivary gland function — most closely mapped to "Test of taste functions" in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the whiskey/alcohol stimulus modality or the autonomic (Frey's syndrome) aspect of the test.
250307001 (White blood cell cytochemical reaction determination)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)WBC cytochemical reaction determination (special staining of leukocytes for peroxidase, Sudan black, etc.) falls within the scope of peripheral blood film examination in ICHI, which is the closest available code; no dedicated cytochemistry or histochemical staining code exists in ICHI, making this mapping approximate and the ICHI code broader in scope.
252306001 (White blood cell cytochemistry)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)WBC cytochemistry as a category (the broader discipline of applying chemical reactions to characterise leukocytes morphologically) maps to the same peripheral blood film examination code in ICHI, as ICHI does not have a dedicated cytochemistry code.
250300004 (White blood cell enzyme activity measurement)maps to wider conceptXG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination)WBC enzyme activity measurement (e.g., G6PD, myeloperoxidase, or alkaline phosphatase scoring on leukocytes) is not represented by a dedicated ICHI code; peripheral blood film examination is the closest available code in the Essential laboratory tests block, though it is broader since it does not specify enzymatic assay methodology.
47616002 (White blood cell localization, whole body)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to a whole-body scan using radiolabelled white blood cells to detect sites of infection or inflammation, whereas PZA.BA.BE covers any whole-body radioisotope scan regardless of the tracer or clinical purpose. ICHI does not distinguish the WBC-labelling technique, so the ICHI code is broader.
228084000 (Whole body bone imaging)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Whole body bone imaging is a bone scintigraphy procedure using a radioisotope tracer (typically Tc-99m diphosphonate) to image the entire skeleton, and PZA.BA.BE captures both the whole-body scope and radioisotope modality. However, ICHI does not specify the skeletal target — the code covers any whole-body radioisotope scan — making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
431649002 (Whole body platelet study)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)A whole body platelet study is a nuclear medicine (radioisotope) procedure in which radiolabelled platelets are imaged over the whole body; PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging modality but does not specify the platelet tracer, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.
447864009 (Whole body scan using thallium Tl^201^)maps to wider conceptPZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)Thallium-201 is a specific radioisotope tracer used for whole-body scintigraphy; PZA.BA.BE matches the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but does not encode the specific Tl-201 agent, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
1363228002 (Whole lung lavage)maps to wider conceptJBF.JA.AD (Irrigation of lung)Whole lung lavage (therapeutic bronchoalveolar irrigation, typically for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis) corresponds most closely to JBF.JA.AD "Irrigation of lung," but ICHI does not distinguish whole-lung lavage from other forms of lung irrigation, making the ICHI code broader.
174692003 (Whole organ pancreatic transplant)maps to wider conceptKCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)KCO.KD.AA directly represents pancreatic transplant, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish whole-organ from segmental or partial pancreatic transplant, so the ICHI code is slightly broader.
178230005 (Wide excision of muscle tissue)maps to wider conceptMRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)"Wide excision" implies removal with a margin of surrounding tissue (typically for tumour clearance), which is a more specific surgical intent than ICHI's generic "excision of muscle of unspecified site"; additionally, the ICHI code does not specify the wide/radical margin, making it broader. The unspecified site aligns with the SNOMED concept which is also site-nonspecific.
1157032003 (Wide excision of soft tissue of foot)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)ICHI lacks a site-specific code for soft tissue excision of the foot — the foot soft tissue block (MOM) only contains a reconstruction code, and the soft tissue lower limb block (MQS) contains no excision codes. MRS.JJ.AA is the best available match but is broader in two respects: it does not specify the foot as the site, and it does not capture the "wide" (margin-bearing) nature of the excision.
1208534003 (Wide excision of soft tissue of shoulder)maps to wider conceptMRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)The ICHI shoulder block (MDB) has no soft tissue excision code, and the upper limb soft tissue block (MIS) contains no excision codes, leaving the unspecified-site code MRS.JJ.AA as the closest match. It is broader because it omits both the shoulder site specificity and the wide-excision margin intent.
252695002 (Wind-up test)maps to wider conceptAXA.AC.ZZ (Test of pain)The wind-up test is a standardised clinical procedure that assesses temporal summation of pain (central sensitisation) by applying repeated stimuli and observing increasing pain response; it is a specific type of pain test. AXA.AC.ZZ covers testing of pain generically and is thus broader, but it is the most specific applicable ICHI code — no code for quantitative sensory testing or temporal summation testing exists in ICHI.
785907006 (Wire guided cricothyroidotomy)maps to wider conceptJAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx)Cricothyroidotomy is an incision through the cricothyroid membrane (part of the larynx) to establish an emergency airway, so JAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx) is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the specific cricothyroid membrane site, the wire-guided (Seldinger) technique, or the airway-establishment purpose, making it a wider mapping rather than an equivalent one.
237011008 (Wood's screw maneuver)maps to wider conceptNMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)Wood's screw maneuver is a specific obstetric technique in which the posterior fetal shoulder is rotated to relieve shoulder dystocia, making it a form of internal fetal rotation. NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) captures the essential action and anatomical target but is broader, as it does not specify the rotational direction, the maneuver name, or the shoulder-dystocia indication.
385941006 (Wound care assessment)maps to wider conceptLZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no direct "wound" terminology; the closest concept is assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue (integumentary system), which is the anatomical target of wound care. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all skin assessment, not specifically wound-focused assessment.
29845000 (Xenon flow scan of cardiovascular system)maps to wider conceptHTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)Xenon flow scanning of the cardiovascular system is a radionuclide-based imaging technique for assessing cardiac blood flow and output; HTB.BA.BE covers cardiac output scans broadly but does not specify xenon as the imaging agent or restrict to flow measurement, making the ICHI code wider than this specific SNOMED concept.
174808005 (Xenotransplant of heart)maps to wider conceptHZZ.KD.AA (Heart transplantation)HZZ.KD.AA captures heart transplantation in general, but does not distinguish the graft source (xenograft from a non-human animal vs. allograft from a human donor); the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a xenograft.
418170009 (Yag laser trabeculotomy)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)YAG laser trabeculotomy creates an opening in the trabecular meshwork to lower intraocular pressure by facilitating aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA is the closest available ICHI category but is broader — it does not specify laser as the means, does not name trabeculotomy explicitly, and encompasses any technique to facilitate anterior chamber circulation.
13613000 (Zancolli operation capsuloplasty)maps to wider conceptMGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint)The Zancolli operation is a capsuloplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand, performed for claw hand deformity (typically in ulnar palsy). MGJ.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code and is broader, as ICHI does not have a specific capsuloplasty or Zancolli-named code; "repair" encompasses capsuloplasty but does not specify the capsular tightening technique.
437251000124102 (Zinc modified diet)maps to wider conceptUAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)A zinc-modified diet is a specific dietary intervention that restricts or adjusts zinc content; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the best available ICHI match under the "Interventions on food" block, but it is broader as it covers any food modification without specifying the nutrient or mineral involved.
66542005 (Zonulolysis with lens extraction)maps to wider conceptBBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)Zonulolysis (enzymatic dissolution of the zonules/suspensory ligaments) is a preparatory step performed as part of intracapsular lens extraction; BBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens) captures the primary operative procedure but is broader in that it does not specify the use of zonulolysis as the technique.
268400002 (12 lead ECG)maps to wider conceptHTB.AC.AH (Electrocardiogram, not elsewhere classified)HTB.AC.AH covers electrocardiograms in general without specifying lead configuration, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a 12-lead ECG.
121876007 (2-Hydroxy-3-methylvalerate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)There is no ICHI code for the specific measurement of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylvalerate (an organic acid assayed in urine organic acid profiling for maple syrup urine disease/MSUD-related disorders). XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry), a general urine chemical analysis category under Essential laboratory tests, is the closest available code but is substantially broader than this single-analyte quantitative measurement.
121877003 (2-Hydroxyadipate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI contains no code for measurement of 2-Hydroxyadipate, an organic acid marker measured in urine for inborn errors of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the best available approximation, but covers all urine chemical analyses rather than this specific analyte.
121878008 (2-Hydroxybutyrate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)No specific ICHI code exists for 2-Hydroxybutyrate measurement, a short-chain organic acid measured in urine or plasma in the evaluation of metabolic acidosis and inborn errors of metabolism. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest available category that could encompass this analyte measurement, but is far wider in scope.
121879000 (2-Hydroxyglutarate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI has no dedicated code for 2-Hydroxyglutarate measurement, a key diagnostic marker for D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria as well as IDH-mutant tumours. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the nearest available ICHI code but encompasses all urine chemistry analyses rather than this single specific measurement.
121880002 (2-Hydroxyisocaproate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)There is no ICHI code for 2-Hydroxyisocaproate (a leucine-derived organic acid measured in urine organic acid profiles, relevant to maple syrup urine disease). XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest available code but is a general category covering all urine chemical analyses, making it substantially wider than this single-analyte measurement.
121881003 (2-Hydroxyisovalerate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)2-Hydroxyisovalerate is an organic acid biomarker for maple syrup urine disease measured in urine; ICHI has no code for individual organic acid analytes, so "Urine chemistry" (XG0NB5) is the closest assignable laboratory code. It is wider because it encompasses all urine chemistry tests, not this specific analyte.
121882005 (2-Methyl,3-hydroxybutyrate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate is a urine organic acid marker for beta-ketothiolase deficiency (an inborn error of metabolism); ICHI has no individual organic acid assay code, making "Urine chemistry" (XG0NB5) the best available laboratory category, though it is far wider than this single analyte.
121884006 (2-methylcitrate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)2-Methylcitrate is a urine organic acid biomarker for propionic/methylmalonic acidemia and is routinely measured by urine organic acid GC-MS; ICHI's closest assignable laboratory code is "Urine chemistry" (XG0NB5), which is wider as it covers all urine chemistry rather than this specific analyte.
105045004 (2-pyridone measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)2-pyridone is a urinary metabolite of niacin measured in urine to assess vitamin B3 status; no ICHI code exists for this specific analyte. NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of urinary excretory functions broadly, which is wider than this single-analyte urine measurement.
105046003 (2-pyridone/n'-methylnicotinamide ratio measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)This is a ratio of two urinary niacin metabolites used to assess niacin nutritional status, with no specific ICHI analyte code available. NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest match as the procedure involves measuring a urinary chemical output, making it wider than this specific ratio measurement.
781637006 (2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)TTCA is a urinary biomarker of carbon disulfide occupational exposure measured in urine, with no ICHI code for this specific compound or occupational toxicology urine analytes. NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available match as a urinary function measurement code, though it is far broader than this analyte-specific test.
394951002 (24 hour urine 3-methoxytyramine output)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)3-methoxytyramine is a dopamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine collections as part of catecholamine/pheochromocytoma workup; no ICHI code exists for this specific analyte or dopamine metabolites. NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest available code as a urine output measurement, though it is considerably broader than this specific analyte test.
313824003 (24 hour urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid output measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI has no code for 5-HIAA (the serotonin metabolite) or any specific indole metabolite measurement; XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" under "Essential laboratory tests" is the closest available code, but it covers all chemical analysis of urine rather than this specific analyte, making it wider.
313502007 (24 hour urine albumin output measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)While XG8BA3 "Albumin" exists as an ICHI extension code (analyte qualifier), it is not a standalone procedure code and is not urine-specific; XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is the best assignable code covering quantitative urinary protein/albumin analysis, though wider than this specific measurement.
391540009 (24 hour urine aldosterone output)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI contains no code for aldosterone or any mineralocorticoid measurement; XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is the best available match as a urine chemical analysis code, but it is considerably wider than this specific hormonal assay.
313515003 (24 hour urine amylase output measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)XG9SZ5 "Lipase or amylase" exists as an ICHI extension code but is not urine-specific and functions as a supplementary qualifier rather than an assignable procedure code; XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is the best assignable code but covers all urine chemical analysis rather than amylase specifically.
391357007 (24 hour urine arsenic output)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI has no code for arsenic, heavy metals, or toxicological urine measurements; XG0NB5 "Urine chemistry" is the closest available code covering chemical analysis of urine, but it is considerably wider than this specific toxicology/heavy metal assay.
313929007 (24 hour urine catecholamine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI has no catecholamine-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of substances excreted via the urinary system, which is the functional category this 24-hour urine catecholamine test falls under. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all urinary excretory measurements, not specifically catecholamines.
313460000 (24 hour urine citrate output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI has no citrate-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the best available match for this 24-hour urine citrate excretion test used in kidney stone workup. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements rather than citrate specifically.
313934006 (24 hour urine copper output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI has no copper-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the best available match for this 24-hour urine copper test used in Wilson's disease workup. The ICHI code is wider as it covers urinary excretory function measurement generally, not copper specifically.
313676001 (24 hour urine dopamine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Dopamine is a catecholamine measured in 24-hour urine for pheochromocytoma/neuroendocrine tumour workup; ICHI has no dopamine-specific code, making NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) the closest procedural category. The ICHI code is wider as it is not specific to dopamine or catecholamine measurement.
401261001 (24 hour urine electrolytes measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) measured in 24-hour urine directly assess water and electrolyte balance, making ETE.AA.ZZ a better semantic fit than the generic urinary excretory measurement code. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all electrolyte balance assessment, not solely the 24-hour urine collection method.
313593006 (24 hour urine epinephrine output measurement)maps to wider conceptETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)Urinary epinephrine (adrenaline) is a catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla; its 24-hour urine measurement is a specific biochemical assessment of adrenal endocrine output. ICHI has no code specific to catecholamine or epinephrine measurement, so ETK.AA.ZZ (assessment of endocrine gland functions) is the closest match but is substantially wider, covering all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to catecholamines or urine collection.
390944003 (24 hour urine homovanillic acid output)maps to wider conceptETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions)Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a dopamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine as a marker of catecholamine metabolism, used primarily in neuroblastoma workup. ICHI contains no specific code for HVA or dopamine metabolite measurement; ETB.AA.ZZ (assessment of general metabolic functions) is the best available match, but is far wider, encompassing all metabolic function assessments rather than this specific analyte.
313532004 (24 hour urine iron output measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Urinary iron output in 24 hours reflects iron metabolism and mineral balance, placing it most appropriately within the water, mineral and electrolyte balance function block. ICHI lacks a specific code for urine iron measurement, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the best fit but is wider, covering all mineral and electrolyte balance assessments rather than iron specifically.
391482006 (24 hour urine lead output)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Urine lead output is a toxicological test performed on 24-hour urine to assess heavy metal excretion, which is a function of the renal/urinary excretory system. No ICHI code exists for heavy metal toxicology or lead specifically; NTC.AB.ZZ (measurement of urinary excretory functions) captures the measurement of what is excreted in urine but is wider, with no specificity to lead or heavy metals.
313675002 (24 hour urine magnesium output measurement)maps to wider conceptETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)Urinary magnesium in 24-hour urine is a direct assessment of magnesium (a mineral/electrolyte) balance and renal handling, fitting squarely within the water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions block. ETE.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but remains wider, as it covers all minerals and electrolytes rather than magnesium specifically.
390946001 (24 hour urine metadrenaline output)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ covers quantitative measurement of any substance excreted in urine, which encompasses 24-hour urine metanephrine (metadrenaline) output; however, ICHI does not specify the analyte (metanephrine) or the timed collection method, making the ICHI code substantially broader than the SNOMED concept.
391358002 (24 hour urine nickel output)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any quantitative urine excretion measurement, covering urinary nickel output as a urinary excretory function measurement; ICHI lacks any analyte-specific or heavy-metal-specific urine measurement code, so the mapping is many-to-one and the ICHI code is far broader.
313552003 (24 hour urine norepinephrine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Urinary norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is a catecholamine measured in timed urine collections; NTC.AB.ZZ captures the general class of urinary excretion measurement but does not encode the specific analyte or catecholamine context, making the ICHI code wider than this SNOMED concept.
390947005 (24 hour urine normetadrenaline output)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Normetanephrine (normetadrenaline) is a catecholamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine for pheochromocytoma workup; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code as a generic urinary excretory measurement, but the specific analyte and clinical context are not captured.
313945009 (24 hour urine oxalate output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Urinary oxalate measurement in a timed urine collection (used in kidney stone workup) falls under quantitative measurement of urinary excretory functions; ICHI has no oxalate-specific or kidney-stone-panel-specific code, so NTC.AB.ZZ is broader than this specific SNOMED concept.
313935007 (24 hour urine phosphate output measurement)maps to wider conceptXG2C47 (Phosphate)XG2C47 covers phosphate measurement generically without specifying specimen type (urine vs serum) or collection method (24-hour vs spot), so it is wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a timed urine phosphate excretion test.
313658008 (24 hour urine potassium output measurement)maps to wider conceptXG1Y88 (Electrolytes)XG1Y88 covers electrolyte testing broadly (sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.) without specifying potassium alone, urine as the specimen, or a 24-hour collection, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept.
271068005 (24 hour urine sample volume measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of urinary excretory functions broadly, which encompasses 24-hour urine volume measurement, but the ICHI code is not specific to volume or to the timed collection method. No more precise ICHI code exists for this specific measurement.
313663007 (24 hour urine urate output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI has no specific code for urinary urate (uric acid) output measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the closest applicable intervention category, but it is considerably broader than the analyte-specific SNOMED concept.
313591008 (24 hour urine urea output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI contains no dedicated code for urinary urea output measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the broadest applicable functional measurement category, covering urinary excretory function measurement in general rather than this specific analyte.
413005001 (24 hour urine vanillylmandelic acid output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)Vanillylmandelic acid (a catecholamine metabolite) has no dedicated ICHI code; NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available match as the general measurement-of-urinary-excretory-functions category, though it is far broader than this highly specific biochemical analyte measurement.
412931006 (24hr urine arginine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (arginine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement, making it a wider but reasonable mapping for this analyte-specific 24-hour urine measurement.
412929002 (24hr urine lysine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (lysine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement. Aligned with rows 20684-20688 (urine volume, urate, urea, VMA, arginine — all 24-hour urine analyte measurements map here).
412927000 (24hr urine ornithine output measurement)maps to wider conceptNTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (ornithine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement. Aligned with rows 20684-20688 — all 24-hour urine analyte measurements map here.
121893007 (3-Hydroxy,3-methylglutarate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxy,3-methylglutarate (HMG) is a urine organic acid measured for HMG-CoA lyase deficiency; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715 (5-HIAA urine analytes).
121287007 (3-Hydroxyadipate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxyadipate is a urine dicarboxylic acid analyte (mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121291002 (3-Hydroxyglutarate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxyglutarate is a urine organic acid measured for glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121292009 (3-Hydroxyisobutyrate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxyisobutyrate is a urine organic acid (valine catabolism defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
104452000 (3-hydroxyisovalerate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxyisovalerate is a urine organic acid (3-MCC deficiency, biotinidase deficiency); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121297003 (3-Hydroxypropionate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxypropionate is a urine organic acid (propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
117638008 (3-Hydroxysebacate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxysebacate is a urine dicarboxylic acid (fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121300008 (3-Hydroxyvalerate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Hydroxyvalerate is a urine organic acid measured as a metabolic disorder marker; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
359855001 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) is a urine catecholamine metabolite measured for pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma investigation; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121302000 (3-Methyl,4-hydroxymandelate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Methyl,4-hydroxymandelate is a urine organic acid analyte (catecholamine pathway); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121303005 (3-Methylcrotonylglycine measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Methylcrotonylglycine is a urine acylglycine marker for 3-MCC deficiency; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121304004 (3-Methylglutaconate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Methylglutaconate is a urine organic acid (3-methylglutaconic aciduria); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121305003 (3-Methylglutarate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-Methylglutarate is a urine dicarboxylic acid (specialised metabolic screen); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121306002 (3-o-Methyldopa measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)3-o-Methyldopa is a urine catecholamine pathway metabolite (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121309009 (4-Hydroxyphenylacetate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)4-Hydroxyphenylacetate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia, gut bacterial overgrowth); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121310004 (4-Hydroxyphenyllactate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)4-Hydroxyphenyllactate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia screening); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121311000 (4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia screening); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
104454004 (4-pyridoxate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)4-Pyridoxate is the major urinary vitamin B6 metabolite measured to assess B6 status; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
121313002 (5-Hydroxyhexanoate measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)5-Hydroxyhexanoate is a urine medium-chain fatty acid metabolite (mitochondrial/fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
82552000 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurement, quantitative, urine)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)ICHI's "Urine chemistry" is the closest available code, representing chemical analysis of urine specimens. It is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies quantitative measurement of a single analyte (5-HIAA, a serotonin metabolite) in urine; ICHI has no code for this specific compound.
412903002 (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid/creatinine ratio measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)This SNOMED concept specifies a calculated ratio of two analytes (5-HIAA and creatinine), used to normalize urinary 5-HIAA for urine concentration; ICHI has no code for this ratio or either specific analyte, and "Urine chemistry" is the best available broader category.
121315009 (5-Oxoproline measurement)maps to wider conceptXG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)5-Oxoproline (pyroglutamate) is most commonly measured in urine for glutathione synthetase deficiency / 5-oxoprolinuria; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715.
1345276007 (Ab externo trabeculotomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab externo trabeculotomy is a glaucoma procedure that opens the trabecular meshwork via a scleral approach to improve aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the functional intent and target region but is broader — it does not encode the external approach, the specific trabecular meshwork target, or the left-eye laterality.
1345275006 (Ab externo trabeculotomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Same reasoning as the left-eye counterpart — BBE.LI.AA captures the core intent of facilitating anterior chamber aqueous circulation but does not specify the ab externo (scleral) approach, the trabecular meshwork target, or right-eye laterality.
1351537008 (Ab interno trabeculotomy of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Ab interno trabeculotomy uses an angle/gonioscopic internal approach to incise the trabecular meshwork; BBE.LI.AA's target (anterior chamber) and action (facilitation of circulation) align most closely with the procedure's intent, but the code is broader as it omits the internal approach, the specific trabecular tissue, and the left-eye laterality.
1351536004 (Ab interno trabeculotomy of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)Same reasoning as the left-eye ab interno counterpart — BBE.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for a trabeculotomy targeting aqueous outflow via the anterior chamber, but it is broader, lacking specificity for the internal approach, trabecular meshwork tissue, and right-eye laterality.
722189006 (Abatacept therapy)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Abatacept is a biologic immunological agent typically administered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF captures the administration act correctly. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given IV, not specifically abatacept or its T-cell costimulation modulator class.
120171006 (Abdomen closure)maps to wider conceptPAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall)ICHI has no specific code for closure of a laparotomy wound; "Repair of abdominal wall" is the closest available concept, as it covers the surgical action of restoring abdominal wall integrity. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing repairs beyond simple wound closure (e.g., hernia repair).
120170007 (Abdomen injection)maps to wider conceptKMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)Injection into the abdomen most commonly targets the peritoneal cavity, and this ICHI code specifically represents that procedure. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it references the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity rather than the abdomen as a whole region (which could include the abdominal wall or retroperitoneum).
120172004 (Abdomen reconstruction)maps to wider conceptPAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)"Reconstruction of abdominal wall" is the best ICHI match for abdominal reconstruction, covering the primary structural component of the abdomen. The ICHI code is somewhat narrower in scope relative to the general SNOMED term, which could encompass reconstruction of any abdominal structure, though PAL.ML.AA is the most representative single code.
119805007 (Abdominal artery endoscopy)maps to wider conceptIEA.AE.AF (Angioscopy of abdominal or pelvic artery)Angioscopy (endoscopic visualisation of a blood vessel lumen) of abdominal or pelvic arteries directly corresponds to endoscopy of the abdominal artery. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it includes pelvic arteries in addition to abdominal arteries, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to abdominal arteries only.
119810006 (Abdominal artery repair)maps to wider conceptIEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)ICHI has no code specifically named "repair of abdominal or pelvic artery"; the closest available code is reconstruction (ML action) of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader in that it implies rebuilding/restoring rather than simple repair. The target axis (abdominal or pelvic artery) matches the SNOMED concept well.
229144001 (Abdominal exercises)maps to wider conceptMU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)ICHI does not have a code specific to abdominal exercises; MU2.PG.ZZ covers exercise led or assisted for muscle functions in general (not limited to abdominal/trunk muscles), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest match in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation section.
48094003 (Abdominal girth measurement)maps to wider conceptPZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement)ICHI contains no code for waist, abdominal, or circumference measurement specifically; PZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement) is the nearest available code under comprehensive/unspecified topography, but it is considerably broader than a targeted abdominal girth measurement.
302615005 (Abdominal sacrocolpopexy)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AA (Vaginal suspension and fixation)Sacrocolpopexy is a suspension/fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacrum; NMH.LC.AA captures the core procedure (vaginal suspension and fixation via abdominal approach, LC action on the vagina target) but does not specify the sacral attachment point or distinguish abdominal from other approaches, making it slightly broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
736694004 (Abdominal sacrocolpopexy using mesh)maps to wider conceptNMH.LC.AA (Vaginal suspension and fixation)NMH.LC.AA covers vaginal suspension and fixation broadly, which is the correct functional category for sacrocolpopexy (fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacrum). ICHI does not encode the specific abdominal approach or mesh means at the category level, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the abdominal route and mesh use.
177853001 (Abdominal wall procedure)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-PAL (Interventions on abdominal wall, not otherwise specified)The SNOMED concept is a high-level, non-specific category for any abdominal wall procedure, which maps most naturally to the ICHI block "Interventions on abdominal wall, not otherwise specified." Because the block is not an assignable category code and the SNOMED concept is itself non-specific, the block-level assignment is appropriate; no single leaf category can represent this generic concept.
265414003 (Abdominoperineal resection)maps to wider conceptKBW.JK.AA (Total excision of rectum)Abdominoperineal resection (APR) involves total excision of the rectum and anus together with permanent colostomy; ICHI codes these structures separately, and KBW.JK.AA (total excision of rectum) captures the dominant and defining surgical component. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the simultaneous perineal dissection and anal excision that characterise APR.
385341003 (Abdominoperineal resection of anus)maps to wider conceptKBW.JK.AA (Total excision of rectum)This concept emphasises the anus as the target of the abdominoperineal resection, but the procedure is inseparable from total rectal excision; KBW.JK.AA remains the best available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a combined rectum-and-anus total excision code, so the mapping is wider and loses the explicit anus component.
177252003 (Abdominoplasty and liposuction)maps to wider conceptLAB.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck with skin and soft tissue reduction) combined with liposuction is best captured by LAB.LL.AA, which covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. The ICHI code is wider because it does not separately encode the liposuction component (LAB.LL.AE) nor restrict the target to the abdominal subregion.
60768007 (Ablation of inner ear by cryosurgery)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)CCA.GA.AC covers destruction of the inner ear by any means and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies cryosurgery as the technique; ICHI does not have a dedicated means code distinguishing cryosurgical destruction of the inner ear from other destructive methods.
45560006 (Ablation of inner ear by ultrasound)maps to wider conceptCCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)CCA.GA.AC covers destruction of the inner ear by any means and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies focused ultrasound as the technique; ICHI has no means axis variant that distinguishes ultrasound-based ablation of the inner ear from other destructive modalities.
1281846002 (Ablation of prostate)maps to wider conceptNGA.GA.AA (Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle)NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of the prostate (ICHI's term for ablation) but includes the seminal vesicle as well, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the prostate alone. More approach-specific codes exist (e.g. transrectal, transurethral) but NGA.GA.AA is the best unspecified match for the generic ablation concept.
235515005 (Ablation of splanchnic nerves)maps to wider conceptACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)ICHI has no specific code for splanchnic nerve ablation; the splanchnic nerves are part of the thoracic sympathetic chain and are classified as peripheral nerves. ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the closest generic match, but is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve rather than the splanchnic nerves specifically.
185608007 (Abnormal smear - 1st recall)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)NMF.AH.XH covers the cervical Pap smear procedure itself, which is the clinical act being performed at this recall visit. However, the ICHI code does not capture the administrative context of a follow-up recall after an abnormal result, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's full meaning.
185609004 (Abnormal smear - 2nd recall)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)"Abnormal smear - 2nd recall" is a repeat cervical Pap smear performed as a follow-up after two abnormal results; NMF.AH.XH covers the procedure itself (cervical Papanicolaou smear) but is broader because it does not encode the recall sequence or the reason of abnormality. ICHI has no codes distinguishing 1st, 2nd, or 3rd recall iterations.
185610009 (Abnormal smear - 3rd recall)maps to wider conceptNMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)Identical reasoning to the 2nd recall — the underlying procedure is a cervical Pap smear, which NMF.AH.XH captures, but ICHI does not encode recall ordinal or indication of abnormality, making it broader than this SNOMED concept.
313448001 (Absolute CD8 count procedure)maps to wider conceptXG2GV7 (Lymphocyte subtype enumeration: CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD15/26 cells)The ICHI code covers a panel of lymphocyte subtype enumerations (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD15/26 together), whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to counting CD8+ T-lymphocytes alone. ICHI is therefore broader than the targeted single-marker SNOMED procedure.
229387006 (Accessory mobilization of the ankle joint)maps to wider conceptMNJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of ankle joint)The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the ankle joint generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies "accessory mobilization" — a specific physiotherapy technique applying passive accessory joint movement. ICHI does not distinguish accessory from physiological mobilisation techniques, making it broader.
229410002 (Accessory mobilization of the cervical spine)maps to wider conceptMBA.PB.AH (Mobilisation of cervical spine)The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the cervical spine generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies "accessory mobilization" — a distinct manual therapy technique. ICHI does not encode this level of technique specificity, making it broader.
229344008 (Accessory mobilization of the elbow)maps to wider conceptMEJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of elbow joint)The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the elbow joint generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies "accessory mobilization" — a passive accessory movement technique used in physiotherapy. ICHI does not differentiate technique subtypes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229393003 (Accessory mobilization of the forefoot)maps to wider conceptMOJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe)The forefoot (metatarsal and tarsometatarsal joints) is anatomically part of the foot, so ICHI's code for mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe encompasses the SNOMED concept. ICHI does not distinguish forefoot joints from other foot joints, making it broader.
229359002 (Accessory mobilization of the hand)maps to wider conceptMGJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of finger or hand joint)ICHI groups hand and finger joints together in a single code, whereas the SNOMED concept targets the hand joints specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader because it also covers finger joints.
229392008 (Accessory mobilization of the intertarsal joints)maps to wider conceptMOJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe)Intertarsal joints are a subset of foot joints, and ICHI's mobilisation code covers all joints of the foot or toe without distinguishing between tarsal, metatarsal, or toe joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
229380008 (Accessory mobilization of the patellofemoral articulation)maps to wider conceptMMJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of knee joint)ICHI has no dedicated patellofemoral joint code; the patellofemoral articulation is one compartment of the knee, so the knee joint mobilisation code is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets only that articulation.
229332005 (Accessory mobilization of the shoulder)maps to wider conceptMDJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of shoulder joint)MDJ.PB.AH captures mobilisation of the shoulder joint, which is the correct target and action axis. "Accessory mobilisation" is a specific physiotherapy technique (passive accessory intervertebral/joint movement) that is a subtype of joint mobilisation, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.
229413000 (Accessory mobilization of the thoracic spine)maps to wider conceptMBG.PB.AH (Mobilisation of thoracic spine)MBG.PB.AH correctly targets the thoracic spine with the mobilisation action axis, matching the anatomical site and procedure type. As with the shoulder, ICHI does not distinguish accessory (passive joint-play) from general mobilisation techniques, making the ICHI code broader.
229379005 (Accessory mobilization of the tibiofemoral joint)maps to wider conceptMMJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of knee joint)The tibiofemoral joint is the primary articular compartment of the knee joint, so MMJ.PB.AH is the correct anatomical equivalent. ICHI uses the clinical term "knee joint" rather than the anatomical term "tibiofemoral joint," and does not differentiate accessory from general mobilisation techniques, making it broader.
229352006 (Accessory mobilization of the wrist)maps to wider conceptMFJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of wrist joint)MFJ.PB.AH correctly identifies the wrist joint as the target and mobilisation as the action, directly corresponding to the SNOMED concept's anatomical site and procedure type. The ICHI code does not distinguish accessory mobilisation from other mobilisation subtypes, making it wider.
782740003 (Acellular processed cadaver allograft of peripheral nerve to peripheral nerve)maps to wider conceptACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft)ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a broad category, which maps to the core surgical action here (nerve graft), but does not capture the specificity of the graft material being an acellular processed cadaver allograft — ICHI is coarser and does not differentiate graft subtypes at this level.
70419009 (Acetabulectomy)maps to wider conceptMKB.JJ.AA (Other partial ostectomy of pelvis)The acetabulum is part of the pelvis (specifically the hip socket formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis), and acetabulectomy (excision of the acetabulum) maps best to partial ostectomy of the pelvis; however, ICHI does not have an acetabulum-specific code, making this a broader match. MKB.JK.AA (total ostectomy) was excluded as acetabulectomy is a partial resection.
12237002 (Achillorrhaphy)maps to wider conceptMNT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of lower leg)Achillorrhaphy is specifically repair (suture) of the Achilles tendon, which is a tendon of the lower leg; MNT.MK.AA covers repair of any tendon of the lower leg, making it broader than the Achilles-specific SNOMED concept.
367446003 (Achillotomy)maps to wider conceptMNT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of lower leg)Achillotomy is surgical division (cutting) of the Achilles tendon; MNT.FB.AA covers open division of any tendon of the lower leg. The percutaneous variant was not chosen because Achillotomy implies an open incisional approach.
440689004 (Acoustic heart sound recording and computer analysis)maps to wider conceptHZZ.AI.AH (Phonocardiogram)HZZ.AI.AH covers phonocardiography (recording of heart sounds), which is the core of the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not specify the computer analysis component, so the ICHI code is slightly broader.
67800005 (Acoustic neurotomy)maps to wider conceptAAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve)Acoustic neurotomy is surgical division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), while AAN.FB.AA covers division of any cranial nerve without specifying which one — broader since the specific target would require an extension code.
241197002 (Acromioclavicular joint arthrogram)maps to wider conceptMDJ.BA.BB (Shoulder arthrography)MDJ.BA.BB covers contrast arthrography of the shoulder joint broadly, which encompasses the AC joint but is not specific to it (also includes the glenohumeral joint). ICHI has no AC-joint-specific arthrogram code.
43102005 (Acromionectomy)maps to wider conceptMDB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of shoulder region)Acromionectomy is removal of the acromion process — a partial excision of a shoulder-region bone — matching the action and target of MDB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider as it applies to any bone of the shoulder region.
117305009 (Active brilliant orange KH stain method)maps to wider conceptXG30Q5 (Histopathology)Brilliant orange KH (a histochemical staining technique) falls within histopathology; ICHI's XG30Q5 is the only available code covering histological tissue examination methods, broader since it captures the class of procedure but not the specific staining technique.
441893003 (Active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation with use of inspiratory impedance threshold device)maps to wider conceptHT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)HT2.MC.AH is the single ICHI code for CPR; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between standard CPR and the specific ACD-CPR technique combined with an inspiratory impedance threshold device.
431917004 (Active core cooling of subject)maps to wider conceptPZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)PZA.SE.ZZ captures cooling of central (core) body temperature; ICHI does not distinguish active vs passive method or the specific intravascular technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.
431208008 (Active core warming of subject)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)PZA.SD.BQ covers warming of central body temperature, directly corresponding to "core" warming. ICHI does not encode the active/internal means (warmed IV fluids, intravascular catheter), so the code is broader.
431774007 (Active external cooling of subject)maps to wider conceptPZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)PZX.SE.ZZ represents cooling at the peripheral/surface level, corresponding to external cooling. ICHI does not distinguish active from passive external cooling (cooling blankets, ice packs), so the code is broader.
431949004 (Active external warming of subject)maps to wider conceptPZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)PZX.SD.BQ covers peripheral/surface body warming, corresponding to external warming methods (warming blankets, forced-air warming). ICHI does not encode the active approach or device type, making it broader.
229267008 (Active foot movements)maps to wider conceptMTB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions)MTB.PG.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for therapist-facilitated active joint mobility/ROM intervention. Broader because it applies to any joint without foot/ankle specificity and does not explicitly encode patient-active versus passive movement.
400930007 (Active force generation test)maps to wider conceptMUB.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle power)"Active force generation test" is a specific functional test of muscle force output (dynamometry, MMT); MUB.AC.ZZ covers any test of muscle power without specifying the method or the "active/force generation" framing — broader.
426152002 (Active radiant warming of infant)maps to wider conceptPZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)PZA.SD.BQ captures the therapeutic goal of warming body temperature; the ICHI code does not specify the radiant heat source modality, neonatal patient population, or active device-driven nature, making it broader.
45092003 (Activities of daily living training for the blind)maps to wider conceptSM1.PH.ZZ (Training in self care, unspecified)ICHI's "Training in self care, unspecified" captures the ADL training dimension but is broader: it does not restrict to visually impaired persons, and self-care is a subset of ADL. No single ICHI code combines ADL training with visual disability.
228650000 (Activity analysis)maps to wider conceptSDA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of undertaking tasks)Activity analysis is an OT assessment process examining demands and components of an activity; SDA.AA.ZZ is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the analytical/breakdown methodology.
422533001 (Activity of daily living needs assessment)maps to wider conceptSM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified)"Assessment of self care, unspecified" is the closest match to an ADL needs assessment, broader because it does not specify a "needs" framing nor the full ADL scope beyond self-care.
182615005 (Acupuncture for analgesia)maps to wider conceptPZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)PZX.SP.AE covers acupuncture via needle insertion, the correct technique for analgesic acupuncture, but is broader because it applies to acupuncture for any purpose and does not encode the pain-relief intent.
182614009 (Acupuncture for anesthesia)maps to wider conceptPZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)PZX.SP.AE is the correct technique code (percutaneous needle acupuncture) but broader because ICHI does not distinguish acupuncture performed specifically as a substitute for surgical anaesthesia.
17984001 (Acute gastrointestinal blood loss imaging)maps to wider conceptKZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)The SNOMED concept refers specifically to radionuclide/scintigraphic imaging to detect acute GI blood loss (tagged RBC scan); KZZ.BA.BE covers any nuclear imaging study of the GI tract regardless of indication, making it broader.
408951009 (Acute pain control management)maps to wider conceptBlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain)ICHI has no single code for "acute pain service" or multimodal pain management as a coordinated episode of care; the closest structural home is BlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain), broader than the specific SNOMED concept of acute pain control as a management program.
232475009 (Adams crushing of nasal septum)maps to wider conceptJAB.GA.AC (Destruction of nasal septum)The Adams procedure is forcible digital/instrumental crushing of the nasal septum cartilage to correct deviation, a form of destruction/disruption of septal tissue; JAB.GA.AC is the closest match but broader as it includes any destructive method.
444641000124106 (Adaptive eating device management)maps to wider conceptUAD.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living)Adaptive eating devices (modified utensils, plate guards) are assistive products for daily living; UAD.SM.ZZ aligns directly but is broader as it covers all personal daily-living assistive products rather than eating-specific devices.
239627007 (Adductor tenotomy for congenital dislocation of hip)maps to wider conceptMKT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of hip)Division of tendon of hip captures the operative action (tenotomy) and anatomical site precisely, but is broader because it does not specify the adductor tendon nor the indication of congenital hip dislocation (DDH).
2337004 (Adductor tenotomy of hip)maps to wider conceptMKT.FB.AA (Division of tendon of hip)Division of tendon of hip is the correct structural match for an adductor tenotomy at the hip, but ICHI does not distinguish individual tendons within the hip region, making the code broader than the specific adductor tendon targeted.
72185009 (Adductor transfer to ischium)maps to wider conceptMRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)Closest available ICHI code for a muscle transfer; ICHI has no site-specific muscle transfer code for the pelvic/thigh region, so the unspecified-site code serves as an approximate match — broader in site and not capturing the ischium destination.
119957008 (Adenoid closure)maps to wider conceptDAB.JK.AC (Adenoidectomy)"Adenoid closure" refers to surgical reduction/ablation of adenoid tissue to restore nasopharyngeal patency, which aligns with adenoidectomy; the ICHI code implies total surgical removal rather than the technique-specific closure, making it slightly broader.
119959006 (Adenoid reconstruction)maps to wider conceptBlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid)The ICHI DAB block covers all interventions on the adenoid but contains no specific reconstruction (ML-action) category code — only adenoidectomy, biopsy, local excision, and haemorrhage control are defined. Assigning the block code is the closest available representation, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.
1163432009 (Adenomyomectomy)maps to wider conceptNME.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of uterus)Adenomyomectomy is surgical removal of an adenomyoma (a localised nodule of adenomyosis) from the uterus, which maps most closely to local excision of a lesion of the uterus. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any uterine lesion excision, not specifically adenomyoma excision.
306983009 (Adjust mandibular resection prosthesis)maps to wider conceptMAG.SM.AH (Management of external appliance of mandible)MAG.SM.AH (management of external appliance of mandible) is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns adjusting a post-mandibulectomy resection prosthesis/obturator; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific prosthesis type.
234872004 (Adjust orthodontic screw)maps to wider conceptKAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)KAE.SM.AC covers management of external dental appliances, which encompasses adjustment of an orthodontic expansion screw as part of an orthodontic device, but the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any external tooth appliance rather than specifically an orthodontic screw.
233488000 (Adjustment of arteriovenous fistula stent)maps to wider conceptIZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)IZA.SN.AF covers management of arteriovenous shunts (encompassing fistulas) but is broader than the SNOMED concept: it is not restricted to a stent specifically, and "management" covers a wider range of activities than stent adjustment.
438544006 (Adjustment of cochlear implant processor)maps to wider conceptCCB.SM.AH (Management of cochlear prosthetic device)CCB.SM.AH is the only ICHI code for interventions on the cochlear prosthetic device beyond insertion/removal/replacement, and it encompasses processor adjustment; "management" is broader than the specific focus on processor adjustment/programming.
1354568006 (Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device of left eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.SN.AA covers management of an internal device in the anterior chamber (correct site for a glaucoma drainage implant), but is broader: it does not specify the suture-adjustment action or laterality (left), both of which can be appended via ICHI extension codes.
1354569003 (Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device of right eye)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)BBE.SN.AA correctly targets the anterior chamber and an implanted internal device but is broader, omitting both the specific stent-suture adjustment action and the laterality (right eye).
417223000 (Adjustment of suture within Baerveldt tube)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)The Baerveldt tube is a glaucoma drainage implant seated in the anterior chamber; BBE.SN.AA is the appropriate ICHI code for managing such an internal device, but is broader — it does not specify the Baerveldt device, the suture-adjustment technique, or laterality.
416618000 (Adjustment of suture within Molteno tube)maps to wider conceptBBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)The Molteno tube is an anterior-chamber glaucoma drainage implant; BBE.SN.AA is the best-fitting ICHI code for managing such an internal device but is broader because it does not specify the Molteno device, the suture-adjustment sub-action, or laterality.
233236009 (Adjustment of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specifically for adjusting a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt; IZE.SN.AF (management of vascular device, NEC) is the closest available category, broader than the specific shunt-adjustment SNOMED concept.
233441004 (Adjustment of venous stent)maps to wider conceptIZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified)ICHI contains no dedicated code for adjusting a venous stent; IZE.SN.AF is the closest category, covering post-placement management of vascular devices in general, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the venous stent target.
173706007 (Adjustment to Angelchik prosthesis)maps to wider conceptKBF.SN.AA (Adjustment of internal device of stomach via laparotomy)The Angelchik prosthesis is a ring-shaped anti-reflux device placed around the gastro-oesophageal junction at the stomach level; KBF.SN.AA matches the nature of the intervention well but is broader because it covers any internal stomach device rather than the Angelchik device specifically.
177604003 (Adjustment to skin expander in subcutaneous tissue)maps to wider conceptLZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)ICHI has no code specific to adjusting a tissue expander; LZZ.SN.AE is the best available match as a residual category for managing any internal device in skin and subcutaneous tissue, more broadly than the SNOMED term which names the tissue expander specifically.
866177007 (Administration of antiarrhythmic drug via oral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)PZA.DB.AC captures oral pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body, matching the route axis precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish antiarrhythmic agents as a drug class — the code covers any oral drug, making it broader.
68322007 (Administration of antibiotic)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no code for antibiotic administration as a distinct drug class; PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest structural match but is broader as it covers any pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class.
363688001 (Administration of antineoplastic agent)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no antineoplastic-specific administration code and does not classify by oncology drug class; the route-unspecified pharmacotherapy code is the best structural match but is broader as it applies to any drug administered by any route.
1290226008 (Administration of antineoplastic agent via intravenous route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)PZA.DB.AF encodes intravenous pharmacotherapy administration, matching the route axis exactly; however, ICHI does not encode the antineoplastic drug class, so the code is broader in terms of the substance administered.
1290228009 (Administration of antineoplastic agent via subcutaneous route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) is the closest route match for subcutaneous administration; the code is broader both in route granularity and because it does not restrict to antineoplastic agents.
79724003 (Administration of antivenom)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Antivenom is an antibody-based immunological agent most commonly administered intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the closest available code but is wider because it covers any immunological agent delivered IV and constrains the route while the SNOMED concept leaves it unspecified.
1208464009 (Administration of bebtelovimab)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Bebtelovimab is a monoclonal antibody administered intravenously, classified in ICHI as an immunological agent. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all intravenously administered immunological agents, not specifically this monoclonal antibody.
409561002 (Administration of botulism antitoxin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Botulism antitoxin is an equine-derived antibody preparation (immunological agent) most commonly administered intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the closest ICHI code, though wider as it encompasses any immunological agent given IV.
1162712003 (Administration of casirivimab)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Casirivimab is a monoclonal antibody (immunological agent) administered intravenously or subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AF captures the intravenous route and immunological agent class but is broader as it covers any immunological agent rather than this specific monoclonal antibody.
78858009 (Administration of cortisone)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI does not have a dedicated code for corticosteroid or cortisone administration; PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match as a general whole-body pharmacotherapy code, substantially broader than the specific drug concept.
711613003 (Administration of cytotoxic agent via oral route)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)ICHI has no specific chemotherapy or cytotoxic agent code; PZA.DB.AC is the closest match by both route (oral/per orifice) and pharmacotherapy class, though broader because it applies to any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class.
709534006 (Administration of depot contraception)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)Depot contraception is typically administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (percutaneous routes); PZA.DB.AE is the best route-matched code, though broader as it applies to any percutaneous pharmacotherapy rather than specifically to hormonal contraceptive depots.
51570005 (Administration of diphtheria antitoxin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Diphtheria antitoxin is a passive immunisation product (immunological agent) classically given intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the best ICHI match by both route and agent class but is substantially broader, covering all intravenous administration of any immunological agent.
433215005 (Administration of drug or medicament by intravenous push)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)ICHI's means code AF (percutaneous transluminal) covers intravascular delivery including IV administration. The code is broader: it does not encode the bolus/push technique nor restrict to any specific drug.
231259006 (Administration of epidural test dose)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)The epidural space is within the spinal canal, and epidural test doses are injected anaesthetic agents. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any anaesthetic injection into the spinal canal and does not capture the specific "test dose" intent.
231260001 (Administration of epidural top-up)maps to wider conceptABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)An epidural top-up is an additional injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (epidural space), mapping to the same ICHI code; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish between initial dose, test dose, or top-up administrations.
50060151000188108 (Administration of epinephrine)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI has no epinephrine- or adrenaline-specific code; the generic pharmacotherapy code is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify a route. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any drug administered by any route.
817965009 (Administration of ergometrine and oxytocin)maps to wider conceptPZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)ICHI contains no codes for specific uterotonic agents such as ergometrine, oxytocin, or their combination (Syntometrine); the generic pharmacotherapy code is the best available match, wider as it covers any pharmacotherapy by any route.
11728004 (Administration of gas gangrene antitoxin)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Gas gangrene antitoxin is a heterologous immunological agent (passive immunization product) administered parenterally; DTB.DB.AF covers all immunological agents given intravenously, broader than this specific antitoxin.
21652003 (Administration of heavy metal antagonist)maps to wider conceptPZA.TE.ZZ (Detoxification)Chelation therapy with a heavy metal antagonist is a specific modality of detoxification; PZA.TE.ZZ is the only ICHI code representing detoxification, but it covers all detoxification approaches (alcohol, drugs, metals), making it broader.
117103007 (Administration of human immune globulin product)maps to wider conceptDTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)Human immune globulin (IVIG/SCIG) is an immunological agent; DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of any immunological agent, the standard route for IVIG, but encompasses all immunological agents rather than being specific to immunoglobulin products.
" }, "url" : "https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ConceptMap/SnomedProceduresToIchiWider", "version" : "0.1.0", "name" : "SnomedProceduresToIchiWider", "title" : "SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Wider mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)", "status" : "draft", "experimental" : true, "date" : "2026-05-11T05:36:07+00:00", "publisher" : "Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)", "contact" : [{ "name" : "Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)", "telecom" : [{ "system" : "url", "value" : "https://vadimperetok.in" }] }], "description" : "**WARNING - FIRST-PASS, UNVALIDATED MAPPING.** Subset of [SnomedProceduresToIchi](ConceptMap-SnomedProceduresToIchi.html) containing only mappings with equivalence `wider`. It has **not** been clinically reviewed, terminology-reviewed, or otherwise verified for correctness. **Do not use** for patient care, billing, statistics, or any production purpose without independent expert review.", "purpose" : "Filtered view of the SNOMED CT procedure to ICHI mapping containing only mappings with equivalence `wider`.", "copyright" : "First-pass draft. Mappings are provided as-is, without warranty of any kind. Users must independently verify correctness before use. SNOMED CT is © SNOMED International. ICHI is © World Health Organization.", "sourceCanonical" : "https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ValueSet/snomed-procedure-root", "targetUri" : "http://id.who.int/ichi", "group" : [{ "source" : "http://snomed.info/sct", "target" : "http://id.who.int/ichi", "element" : [{ "code" : "282260003", "display" : "Activity of daily living procedures and interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1", "display" : "Self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's SM1 \"Self care, unspecified\" represents the general self care domain within the \"Interventions on activities and participation domains\" chapter, encompassing the classic ADLs (washing, dressing, toileting, eating, drinking, caring for body parts). The ICHI concept is slightly wider because \"self care\" in ICF/ICHI encompasses all self care activities broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets \"activity of daily living procedures and interventions\" which is a defined clinical subset." }] }, { "code" : "442006003", "display" : "Determination of information related to transfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific pretransfusion or blood compatibility testing intervention code. DTA.AC.ZZ covers all haematological function tests, which encompasses pretransfusion testing (typing, crossmatching, antibody screening) but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "225288009", "display" : "Environmental care procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "UZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for clinical/nursing environmental care of a patient's immediate surroundings. UZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified code under the \"Interventions on the environment\" chapter, which semantically encompasses environmental care procedures but is significantly wider in scope, covering all types of environmental interventions rather than specifically patient-level environmental management." }] }, { "code" : "390906007", "display" : "Follow-up encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a follow-up encounter. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match but is semantically broader, covering any type of health management encounter without specifying the follow-up context that the SNOMED concept conveys." }] }, { "code" : "185316007", "display" : "Indirect encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for indirect or non-face-to-face encounters. PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers all health management encounters (both direct and indirect) without specifying the mode of delivery, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an encounter without direct patient-provider contact." }] }, { "code" : "309517006", "display" : "Multisystem therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a specific intensive psychotherapeutic intervention targeting multiple systems (family, peers, school, community) around the individual. PZB.PQ.ZZ captures both the psychotherapeutic nature and holistic whole-person scope, but it is semantically broader because it encompasses any form of whole-person psychotherapy, not specifically the multisystemic approach." }] }, { "code" : "308335008", "display" : "Patient encounter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI code representing a generic health encounter. The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any procedure occurring during a patient encounter, while the ICHI code covers unspecified health management encounters as a whole-person intervention — making the ICHI code wider as it represents the general encounter concept without specifying a particular procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "133858001", "display" : "Preoperative procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific preoperative procedure code. PZB.AA.ZZ covers whole-person health assessments which subsume the core clinical activity of preoperative evaluation, but it is broader because it applies to any general health assessment context, not exclusively preoperative ones." }] }, { "code" : "362958002", "display" : "Procedure by site", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL2-??.", "display" : "Interventions on body systems or functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on body systems or functions\" is the top-level grouper for all interventions organized by anatomical body system, which aligns with SNOMED's \"Procedure by site\" concept. However, the ICHI block is wider because it also encompasses interventions grouped by body functions (not just anatomical site), making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "236362008", "display" : "Procedure for male sexual function disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA", "display" : "Sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUA is the ICHI grouper category for all interventions targeting sexual functions, which semantically encompasses procedures for male sexual function disorder. However, NUA is broader because it covers sexual functions for both males and females, not exclusively male sexual function disorders." }] }, { "code" : "230880001", "display" : "Procedure on a subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A subcutaneous CSF reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir) is a type of internal device in the ventricles of the brain, and \"procedure on\" maps well to \"management of.\" The ICHI code is wider because it covers management of any internal ventricular device, not specifically a subcutaneous CSF reservoir." }] }, { "code" : "773261007", "display" : "Procedure related to reproduction", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NUA", "display" : "Interventions on genital or reproductive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on genital or reproductive functions\" is the closest structural match but is broader because it also encompasses genital functions (including sexual functions) that are not strictly reproductive in nature. ICHI does not have a standalone block dedicated exclusively to reproductive procedures; reproduction-related interventions are distributed across child blocks (fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, lactation) under this parent block." }] }, { "code" : "225205005", "display" : "Procedures relating to eating and drinking", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1", "display" : "Interventions on self care", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code combining eating (SMF) and drinking (SMG) interventions. The block \"Interventions on self care\" (SM1) is the lowest-level grouping that fully encompasses both eating and drinking procedures, but it is wider because it also includes other self-care domains such as washing, toileting, dressing, and caring for body parts." }] }, { "code" : "710135002", "display" : "Promotion", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on health-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for the abstract concept of \"health promotion.\" VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified residual code within the \"Interventions on health-related behaviours\" chapter, which encompasses all health promotion activities (education, awareness raising, advocacy, lifestyle interventions). It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all unspecified health-related behaviour interventions, not just those framed as \"promotion.\"" }] }, { "code" : "710923000", "display" : "Provision of bedtime routine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Practical support with sleep functions\" encompasses the concept of providing a bedtime routine, as both involve hands-on assistance related to sleep. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of practical support for sleep functions, not only the specific structured bedtime routine described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72353004", "display" : "Psychosocial procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-ATF", "display" : "Interventions on global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block encompasses the full range of psychosocial intervention types (assessment, counselling, training, education, emotional support, peer support, etc.) targeting global psychosocial functions. It is wider because the SNOMED concept may include psychosocial procedures targeting specific conditions or domains (e.g., psychotherapy for pain, social support services) that fall outside this particular ICHI block, making the relationship broader in action types covered." }] }, { "code" : "225190004", "display" : "Stoma appliance procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers all aspects of stoma management (not elsewhere classified), which includes but is not limited to appliance-related procedures. The SNOMED concept is specifically focused on stoma appliance procedures (fitting, changing, maintaining the collecting device), making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "102986000", "display" : "Straight line walking test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The straight line walking test is a specific type of gait pattern test that evaluates balance and coordination by having the patient walk in a straight line (heel-to-toe). MVG.AC.ZZ encompasses all gait pattern tests, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176240001", "display" : "Activation of artificial bladder neck sphincter in female", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for activation of an artificial bladder neck sphincter. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as \"management of internal device\" encompasses device activation, but it is wider because it covers all types of device management (not just activation) for the entire urinary bladder (not just the bladder neck), and does not distinguish by sex." }] }, { "code" : "176280005", "display" : "Activation of artificial urinary sphincter around male bladder neck or urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for activation of an artificial urinary sphincter or for management of a device at the bladder neck or urethra. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as it covers management of an internal device in the urinary bladder region, but it is wider because it encompasses all types of device management (not just activation) and refers to the urinary bladder generally rather than specifically the bladder neck or urethra, and does not specify the device type (artificial sphincter) or patient sex (male)." }] }, { "code" : "236272008", "display" : "Activation of bulbar urethral prosthesis for incontinence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for management of an internal device of the urethra. NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which encompasses the artificial urinary sphincter used for continence. This ICHI code is broader because it covers all device management actions (not just activation) and targets the bladder generally rather than the specific bulbar urethral prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "183345007", "display" : "Daily living activity therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.PH.ZZ covers training in self care (washing, dressing, toileting, eating), which is the core meaning of ADL therapy. However, the ICHI concept of \"self care\" may be slightly narrower than SNOMED's \"daily living activity therapy,\" which could also encompass domestic life tasks (cooking, household management); in ICHI these are separated into a different block (SN1). The ICHI code \"self care, unspecified\" is a broad umbrella that covers all unspecified self care training, making the ICHI code broader in its therapeutic scope." }] }, { "code" : "1230227001", "display" : "Preparation of clothing for subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with dressing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SME.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support with dressing (a self-care activity), which encompasses preparing clothing as one component. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to the preparatory step of getting clothing ready, while the ICHI code is broader and includes any practical dressing support." }] }, { "code" : "710121004", "display" : "Promotion of ability to self transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in transferring oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training in transferring oneself\" targets the same activity (self-transfer/transferring oneself) and the training action closely aligns with \"promotion of ability.\" However, the ICHI code is slightly wider because \"training\" encompasses all training activities related to self-transfer, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting the ability/independence aspect of self-transfer." }] }, { "code" : "710122006", "display" : "Promotion of physical mobility", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training to influence physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically targets promotion of physical mobility (the ability to move), while the ICHI code VEB.PH.ZZ covers training to influence the broader category of physical activity behaviours, which subsumes physical mobility but also encompasses other physical activity domains. Both involve interventions aimed at improving movement and activity, but the ICHI code has a wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "225206006", "display" : "Sleep and rest interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC", "display" : "Interventions on sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block VEC (\"Interventions on sleep and rest behaviours\") covers both sleep and rest interventions, matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. However, VEC is situated within the broader \"health-related behaviours\" chapter and encompasses not only individual clinical interventions but also public health, policy, and advocacy interventions, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which typically refers to individual-level clinical/nursing interventions for sleep and rest." }] }, { "code" : "310411006", "display" : "Administrative checking procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for administrative checking or verification procedures. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category under health management encounters, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of an administrative checking procedure but is the most semantically appropriate placement." }] }, { "code" : "308291000", "display" : "Administrative transfer procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Referral to health provider\" encompasses directing a patient to another health provider, which is broader than the specific administrative transfer procedure in SNOMED CT. An administrative transfer is a specific type of referral/care redirection, while UEP.TI.ZZ covers referrals more generally, making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "305056002", "display" : "Admission procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no direct concept for \"admission procedure.\" PZB.ZZ.ZZ (\"Health management encounter, unspecified\") is the closest match as it represents a general health management encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider than an admission procedure because it encompasses any unspecified health management encounter, not specifically an admission to care." }] }, { "code" : "1371320001", "display" : "Assistance with application for family strengthening program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCB.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from immediate family", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCB.RG.ZZ covers the provision of any services related to immediate family support, which encompasses assistance with applying for a family strengthening program but is broader in scope. The SNOMED concept specifies a particular type of service activity (helping with a program application) within the wider domain of family support service provision captured by this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1153461008", "display" : "Collaborating about electrolyte therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific collaboration code within the electrolyte balance domain (ETE). UAC.TD.ZZ captures the correct action type (collaboration/TD) and relates to medications, which encompasses electrolyte therapy products, but it is broader because it covers all medications rather than electrolyte therapy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1153462001", "display" : "Collaborating about fluid therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ captures interprofessional collaboration (TD = Collaborating) at the individual patient level, which is the closest ICHI concept to \"collaborating about fluid therapy.\" However, it is broader because it covers general case coordination across all aspects of care, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about collaboration regarding fluid therapy; ICHI has no therapy-specific collaboration code." }] }, { "code" : "370784006", "display" : "Collaborating in fluid and electrolyte management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ETE", "display" : "Interventions on water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block covers all interventions on water, mineral, and electrolyte balance functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes a collaborative care activity in fluid and electrolyte management. ICHI lacks a specific code for collaborative management of electrolyte balance; the block is the closest domain match but encompasses assessment, education, and all other intervention types on this function." }] }, { "code" : "370785007", "display" : "Collaborating in initiating patient controlled analgesia initiation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of medication for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is most commonly delivered via intravenous infusion for pain management, making AXA.DB.AF the closest clinical match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all intravenous pain medication administration without distinguishing the patient-controlled delivery mechanism or the specific collaborative/initiation aspects described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445101000124100", "display" : "Collaborating in nutrition therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.TD.ZZ captures the collaborative action in relation to eating/nutrition, which aligns with the core meaning of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of collaboration or partnership-building related to eating behaviours (including public health and population-level partnerships), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to collaborating in nutrition therapy at the individual clinical care level." }] }, { "code" : "307928008", "display" : "Death administrative procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for death-related administrative procedures (death certification, death registration, death notification, etc.). PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other\" category under whole-person health management encounters, making it semantically wider than the specific SNOMED concept, which refers exclusively to administrative procedures surrounding a patient's death." }] }, { "code" : "310410007", "display" : "Deregistration procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for patient deregistration from a healthcare provider. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual category for health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses administrative health management activities including deregistration but is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "425705009", "display" : "Determination of acuity level", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Determination of acuity level\" (triage) is a specific type of whole-person assessment focused on assigning clinical urgency/severity, while ICHI's \"General health assessment\" encompasses any whole-person health assessment and is therefore broader. ICHI has no dedicated triage or acuity-level determination code." }] }, { "code" : "185499000", "display" : "Expedite appointment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TC.ZZ", "display" : "Navigating the service system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Navigating the service system\" encompasses all activities involved in helping a person access and move through health services, which includes expediting appointments as one specific instance. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for appointment scheduling or prioritization." }] }, { "code" : "303273007", "display" : "Foster care procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific foster care code. UEO.RG.ZZ covers providing general social support services, which encompasses foster care as one type of social support service, but is substantially broader — it includes all general social support services, systems, and policies, not just foster care specifically." }] }, { "code" : "401165003", "display" : "GP out of hours service administration", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VO.ZZ", "display" : "Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.VO.ZZ covers the organizational/administrative coordination of health services broadly, which encompasses the specific activity of administering a GP out-of-hours service. However, the ICHI code is significantly wider as it lacks any specificity to primary care/GP services and to out-of-hours provision." }] }, { "code" : "386318002", "display" : "Health policy monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance (monitoring) of health services, systems, and policies, which encompasses health policy monitoring but is broader in scope — it includes surveillance of health services and systems in addition to policies. The SNOMED concept focuses specifically on monitoring health policy." }] }, { "code" : "311791003", "display" : "Information gathering", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED's \"Information gathering\" refers specifically to the act of collecting clinical information, which is a core component of a general health assessment. The ICHI code PZB.AA.ZZ is wider because \"General health assessment\" encompasses not only information gathering but also the evaluation and judgment aspects of a clinical assessment of the whole person." }] }, { "code" : "386336002", "display" : "Insurance authorization", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEN.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about social security services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for insurance authorization. UEN.RB.ZZ covers practical support related to social security services, systems and policies, under which health insurance authorization falls, but the ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all forms of practical support across all social security domains." }] }, { "code" : "270352002", "display" : "Medical examinations/reports", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" covers general-level health assessment of the whole person, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes medical examinations together with associated reports. The ICHI code subsumes the examination component but does not distinguish the reporting aspect." }] }, { "code" : "12967003", "display" : "Nursing ward administrative procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for nursing ward administrative procedures. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category encompassing all health management encounters not classified elsewhere, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to administrative procedures performed in a nursing ward context." }] }, { "code" : "386379000", "display" : "Organ procurement facilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Organ procurement facilitation is a coordination and logistical activity supporting the organ procurement process. ICHI has no specific code for organ procurement facilitation; \"Case coordination\" captures the coordination nature of the activity but is semantically broader, covering all types of case coordination rather than being specific to organ procurement." }] }, { "code" : "58000006", "display" : "Patient discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the administrative act of discharging a patient. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter category, which is broader than the specific discharge act." }] }, { "code" : "107726003", "display" : "Patient disposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patient disposition is a high-level administrative concept encompassing discharge, transfer, and admission decisions. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified health management encounter code, reflecting the composite and ambiguous nature of the concept." }] }, { "code" : "308400007", "display" : "Patient recall procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for patient recall. \"Case coordination\" encompasses the coordination of healthcare activities for individual patients, of which recalling a patient for follow-up or screening is a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "310422005", "display" : "Prevention/screening invitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes sending an invitation or recall notice to a patient for prevention/screening attendance, while VDB.VB.ZZ encompasses all forms of awareness raising to influence screening behaviours (campaigns, media outreach, and individual invitations), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "165196007", "display" : "Procedures related to diagnosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a very broad grouper for all diagnostic procedures. PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest assessment-type intervention code at the whole-person level; it encompasses general diagnostic/assessment activities but is wider because it also covers non-diagnostic health assessments." }] }, { "code" : "243745007", "display" : "Provision of audiotaped services", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code UAF.RD.ZZ covers providing all types of communication goods and products, which encompasses audiotaped materials but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to health services delivered via audio tape/recording format." }] }, { "code" : "423899000", "display" : "Provision of community outreach care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VP.ZZ", "display" : "Improving access to health services or health-related services in relation to health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Community outreach care is a specific method of improving access to health services by proactively reaching underserved populations in the community. UEP.VP.ZZ captures this core purpose but is broader, encompassing all approaches to improving health service access (not just outreach)." }] }, { "code" : "1351730007", "display" : "Provision of payment for utility bill", "target" : [{ "code" : "SVA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in basic economic transactions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Paying a utility bill is a basic economic transaction, and providing that payment on someone's behalf constitutes practical support with engaging in such transactions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers practical support for all basic economic transactions (e.g., purchasing, bartering, saving), not just utility bill payments specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410538000", "display" : "Scheduling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for scheduling. \"Case coordination\" (PZB.TD.ZZ) encompasses the organization and coordination of health service delivery for a person, which includes scheduling as a component activity, but is semantically broader than scheduling alone." }] }, { "code" : "386452003", "display" : "Supply management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SM.ZZ covers the management of all products and technology in an unspecified context, which encompasses but is broader than the SNOMED concept of \"Supply management\" that specifically refers to the management of healthcare supplies. The ICHI code includes technology management and is not limited to the healthcare supply chain context." }] }, { "code" : "342002", "display" : "Amobarbital interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Amobarbital interview is a specific drug-facilitated psychotherapeutic technique targeting mental functions (used for conversion disorders, catatonia, dissociative states). ICHI has no code for drug-assisted psychiatric interviews specifically, so AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best fit as a broader category encompassing this type of therapeutic mental health intervention." }] }, { "code" : "241729000", "display" : "Intraoperative wake-up test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intraoperative wake-up test is a specific clinical neurological assessment of motor function performed during spinal surgery to verify spinal cord integrity. AZZ.AA.ZZ is the appropriate residual neurological assessment category but is semantically broader as it encompasses all neurological assessments not elsewhere classified." }] }, { "code" : "241725006", "display" : "Preoxygenation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preoxygenation is a specific application of oxygen therapy performed before anaesthesia induction to maximize oxygen reserves. ICHI's \"Oxygen therapy\" covers all forms of therapeutic oxygen administration on the whole body, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the pre-anaesthetic context." }] }, { "code" : "88084009", "display" : "Resuscitation, anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to resuscitation performed in the context of anesthesia. ICHI has no code that combines resuscitation with an anaesthetic setting." }] }, { "code" : "241698006", "display" : "Reversal of anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reversal of anaesthesia. PZA.DB.AF covers intravenous pharmacotherapy administration, which encompasses the typical route used for administering anaesthesia reversal agents (e.g., sugammadex, neostigmine, flumazenil), but is substantially broader as it includes all IV drug administration regardless of purpose." }] }, { "code" : "241714002", "display" : "Reversal of sedation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reversal of sedation or pharmacological antagonism. PZA.DB.AZ covers administering pharmacotherapy to the whole body without specifying the route, which encompasses the act of administering a sedation-reversing agent (e.g., flumazenil, naloxone), but is broader as it applies to any pharmacotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "424282004", "display" : "Trial for daily interruption of sedation during mechanically assisted ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A daily sedation interruption trial is fundamentally a test of awareness and alertness conducted by temporarily stopping sedation in a mechanically ventilated patient. ATC.AC.ZZ captures the core intent (testing awareness/alertness) but is broader because it does not specify the sedation interruption mechanism, the daily schedule, or the mechanical ventilation context." }] }, { "code" : "234862002", "display" : "Activate orthodontic archwire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Activate orthodontic archwire\" is a specific type of management action (activation/adjustment) on a specific external dental appliance (an orthodontic archwire). KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities on any external appliance of the tooth, making it semantically broader in both the particular appliance and the particular management action." }] }, { "code" : "234873009", "display" : "Adjust cleft lip or palate strapping", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for adjusting cleft lip/palate strapping. KAA.LC.AA (\"Fixation of lip\") is the closest match as strapping is a form of external fixation of the lip, but this ICHI code is broader — it covers all forms of lip fixation (not just strapping), does not specify the adjustment action, and does not differentiate the cleft lip/palate context." }] }, { "code" : "234866004", "display" : "Adjust lingual arch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance of the tooth, which encompasses adjustment of a lingual arch but is broader in both the type of appliance (any external tooth appliance, not specifically a lingual arch) and the action (management generally, not specifically adjustment)." }] }, { "code" : "281835005", "display" : "Adjust orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of external appliance of tooth\" encompasses all management activities for dental external appliances (including adjustment, inspection, and maintenance), while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to adjusting an orthodontic appliance. The ICHI code is broader both in the action (management vs. adjustment) and in the device scope (any external tooth appliance vs. specifically orthodontic)." }] }, { "code" : "424794007", "display" : "Application of brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A brace is a type of assistive product, so \"Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified\" semantically encompasses the application of a brace but is broader, covering all assistive products (not just braces/orthoses) at an unspecified body site." }] }, { "code" : "118480003", "display" : "Application of cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers both cast and splint application, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to cast application only. Both are non-site-specific, but the inclusion of splints in the ICHI code means it encompasses a wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "448400008", "display" : "Application of elastic hosiery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the correct action (installation/application of an assistive product) and body region (lower limb), matching the intent of applying elastic hosiery. However, it is broader because it encompasses any assistive product applied to the lower limb, not specifically elastic compression hosiery." }] }, { "code" : "440393001", "display" : "Application of halo device to femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the femur, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a halo device specifically. The body site (femur) and action (application) match exactly, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific type of external immobilisation device." }] }, { "code" : "440548008", "display" : "Application of halo device to pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the pelvis, which encompasses halo devices but also other types of external immobilisation (casts, splints, other fixators). The SNOMED concept specifically names a halo device, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1230041002", "display" : "Application of incontinence sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for application of an incontinence sheath (condom catheter/external urinary collection device). NT2.RB.ZZ is the best fit as a \"not elsewhere classified\" code for practical support with urinary functions, which encompasses the clinical purpose of applying an incontinence sheath but is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "709102008", "display" : "Application of orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes orthodontic appliances as a specific type of dental device. The SNOMED concept is more specific (orthodontic appliances only), making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "431503003", "display" : "Application of shoulder immobilizer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LC.AH covers the application of any external immobilisation device to the shoulder joint, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to a shoulder immobilizer. The target anatomy and action align well, but the ICHI code encompasses a wider range of devices (casts, splints, braces, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "52037006", "display" : "Application of sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for sling application. PZX.LC.AH is the closest site-unspecified code for applying an external immobilisation device; a sling is functionally in the same category as casts and splints (external fixation/immobilisation). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses casts, splints, and similar devices rather than slings specifically." }] }, { "code" : "79321009", "display" : "Application of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH explicitly covers splint application at an unspecified body site, matching the generality of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it also includes cast application and is designated as a \"not elsewhere classified\" residual category, making its scope broader than splint application alone." }] }, { "code" : "238208002", "display" : "Application of truss", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hernia truss is an external assistive device applied to the trunk to support or contain a hernia. PAA.DP.AH covers the installation of any assistive product to the trunk, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept. ICHI has no more specific code for hernia truss or inguinal support device application." }] }, { "code" : "11671000202108", "display" : "Assessment of visual aid use", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically addresses assessment of visual aid use, while UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal use in daily living. ICHI lacks a more specific code for visual aid assessment, making this the most appropriate match with a wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "11601000202103", "display" : "Assisting with visual aids", "target" : [{ "code" : "SAA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with watching", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SAA.RB.ZZ covers all practical, hands-on support for the activity of watching (purposeful use of sight), which encompasses but is not limited to assisting a person with visual aids such as spectacles or magnifiers. The ICHI code is broader because it includes any form of practical support with watching, not just visual aid-related assistance." }] }, { "code" : "712586006", "display" : "Care of incontinence appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for incontinence appliance management. UAD.SM.ZZ captures the correct action (management/care of an assistive product) applied to the correct domain (personal use in daily living), but is broader because it covers all daily living products rather than incontinence appliances specifically." }] }, { "code" : "274480009", "display" : "Cast removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific \"removal of cast or splint\" code. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from any body site using an external approach, which subsumes cast removal but is semantically broader since \"assistive product\" encompasses devices beyond casts." }] }, { "code" : "223491008", "display" : "Checking fit of appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Checking fit of appliance\" is specifically about assessing whether an appliance fits correctly, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of assessing products and technology in general. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of assessment of any products and technology, not just fit-checking of appliances." }] }, { "code" : "440474004", "display" : "Checking of arm sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Checking of arm sling\" is a specific management activity (inspection/verification) of a specific assistive product (arm sling), while UAD.SM.ZZ covers management of all products and technology for personal daily living. The ICHI code is semantically broader in both action scope (all management, not just checking) and target scope (all daily living products, not just arm slings)." }] }, { "code" : "386248001", "display" : "Contact lens care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for contact lens care. UAD.SM.ZZ captures the concept of managing a personal-use product/technology (which includes contact lenses as a vision aid for daily living), but it is substantially broader because it encompasses management of all products and technology for personal daily living, not just contact lenses." }] }, { "code" : "447761008", "display" : "Dome osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site\" covers all osteotomy techniques at an unspecified anatomical location, which subsumes \"Dome osteotomy\" — a technique-specific osteotomy also without a specified site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the dome cutting technique from other osteotomy methods (wedge, chevron, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "438299001", "display" : "Fitting of arm sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An arm sling is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb, and \"application\" aligns with \"fitting.\" However, PMA.LC.AH is broader because it covers all external immobilisation devices to the upper limb (casts, splints, braces, etc.), not specifically arm slings." }] }, { "code" : "1286899007", "display" : "Fitting of complete orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application/fitting of any dental device to teeth, which includes orthodontic appliances but is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a \"complete orthodontic appliance\" specifically. The ICHI code does not distinguish orthodontic devices from other dental devices, nor complete from partial appliances." }] }, { "code" : "1269384005", "display" : "Fitting of component of fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting/placement) of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses fitting a component of a fixed orthodontic appliance. However, the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to orthodontic devices or to individual components of a fixed appliance." }] }, { "code" : "1286814001", "display" : "Fitting of functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the fitting of a functional orthodontic appliance as a specific type. ICHI does not have a more specific code distinguishing orthodontic appliances from other dental devices." }] }, { "code" : "1285570003", "display" : "Fitting of neonatal orthodontic plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC is the closest match because a neonatal orthodontic plate is a dental/oral device and \"application\" aligns with \"fitting.\" However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications without specifying orthodontic plate type, neonatal population, or palatal target site." }] }, { "code" : "1285451006", "display" : "Fitting of orthodontic headgear", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to the teeth, which subsumes orthodontic headgear fitting but is broader because it includes all types of dental devices (braces, retainers, splints, etc.), not just orthodontic headgear specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1285048006", "display" : "Fitting of removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application (fitting) of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses removable orthodontic appliances. However, the ICHI code does not distinguish between removable versus fixed devices, nor does it specify orthodontic purpose specifically." }] }, { "code" : "448902008", "display" : "Fitting of spectacles", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.DP.ZZ", "display" : "Installation of assistive products for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for fitting spectacles. UAD.DP.ZZ covers installation of all assistive products for personal daily living, which encompasses spectacles fitting but is semantically broader since it is not restricted to vision correction devices." }] }, { "code" : "228602004", "display" : "Fitting of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers both casts and splints applied to any unspecified body site, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to fitting of a splint. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but also includes cast application." }] }, { "code" : "1269386007", "display" : "Fixation of orthodontic bracket to enamel of tooth using bonding agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses the bonding of an orthodontic bracket. However, it is broader because it does not specify the device type (orthodontic bracket), the target structure (enamel), or the method (bonding agent)." }] }, { "code" : "55656007", "display" : "Fixed appliance therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific orthodontic intervention code. KAE.LC.AC is the best available match as fixed appliance therapy involves applying a fixed dental device (brackets, bands, archwires) to teeth, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers the application of any dental device, not exclusively fixed orthodontic appliances." }] }, { "code" : "178686002", "display" : "Halo skull traction for fracture of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers halo traction device insertion, which is the core procedure described in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs and does not specify the clinical indication (fracture of spine)." }] }, { "code" : "239614008", "display" : "Insertion of additional external fixator pin", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LC.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous application of any external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, matching the non-site-specific and percutaneous nature of the SNOMED concept. However, it is broader because it refers to the full application of an external immobilisation device rather than specifically an additional pin into an already-placed external fixator." }] }, { "code" : "443291003", "display" : "Insertion of bone pin with skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LC.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous application of any external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, which subsumes skeletal traction pin insertion. The SNOMED concept specifically describes inserting a bone pin for skeletal traction, whereas the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous external immobilisation devices and does not distinguish the traction purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1285467000", "display" : "Insertion of dental trauma splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC encompasses the insertion of a dental trauma splint, as a trauma splint is a type of dental device. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the application of any dental device, not specifically trauma splints." }] }, { "code" : "1870001", "display" : "Insertion of halo device of skull with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DL.AA covers the insertion of a halo traction device on the skull, which directly matches the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs insertion, and does not specifically capture the \"synchronous skeletal traction\" component described in the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "234819003", "display" : "Insertion of interocclusal appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses interocclusal appliances (occlusal splints, bite plates, bite guards) but is semantically broader. ICHI does not distinguish interocclusal appliances from other dental devices." }] }, { "code" : "232491007", "display" : "Insertion of intranasal splints", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the nose, which encompasses intranasal splints but is not limited to them. The SNOMED concept specifies the particular device type (intranasal splints), making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1285571004", "display" : "Insertion of neonatal orthodontic plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAT.DN.AA covers implantation of any internal device into the hard palate, which is broader than the specific insertion of a neonatal orthodontic plate. The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device (orthodontic plate vs. other devices), the patient population (neonates), or the removable nature of the appliance." }] }, { "code" : "443198001", "display" : "Insertion of night mouth guard", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A night mouth guard (occlusal splint) is a specific type of dental device, and its insertion is a specific instance of \"application of dental device.\" The ICHI code is broader because it covers all dental devices, not just nocturnal occlusal guards for bruxism protection." }] }, { "code" : "450610003", "display" : "Insertion of orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application (insertion/placement) of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the more specific concept of inserting an orthodontic appliance. The SNOMED concept is limited to orthodontic appliances, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "815954000", "display" : "Insertion of removable orthodontic space maintainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses the insertion of a removable orthodontic space maintainer but is broader because it applies to any dental device, not specifically a removable orthodontic space maintainer." }] }, { "code" : "698974003", "display" : "Insertion of single incision mid-urethral mini-sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all transvaginal suspension procedures on the bladder neck, which is the broader category encompassing mid-urethral mini-sling insertion. The SNOMED concept is more specific, identifying a particular type (single incision mini-sling) of what ICHI classifies generally as transvaginal bladder neck suspension." }] }, { "code" : "443649006", "display" : "Insertion of sports mouth guard", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device, which encompasses a sports mouth guard as one specific type. The SNOMED concept specifies a particular kind of dental device (sports mouth guard), making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "174289008", "display" : "Insertion of supralevator sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A supralevator sling is a specific type of bladder neck suspension procedure for urinary incontinence, where the sling is placed above the levator ani muscle. ICHI code NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck, making it semantically broader than the specific supralevator sling technique." }] }, { "code" : "112934001", "display" : "Insertion of tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DL.AA covers insertion of skull tongs or halo traction devices broadly, encompassing the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it explicitly describes skull tongs (not halo) combined with synchronous skeletal traction, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "313041002", "display" : "Making of appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SJ.ZZ", "display" : "Manufacturing of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SJ.ZZ covers manufacturing of all products and technology in a health context, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to fabrication of medical/health appliances. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but also includes manufacturing of non-appliance products and technology." }] }, { "code" : "429618000", "display" : "Manual securing of endotracheal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for securing or fixating an endotracheal tube. JBA.DL.AC is the closest match because securing the tube is a component step of the insertion procedure, but the ICHI code encompasses the entire insertion intervention and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the manual securing activity." }] }, { "code" : "64111008", "display" : "Physical medicine evaluation and review for prosthetic program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mobility-related assistive technology products, which includes prostheses but also encompasses wheelchairs, walking aids, and other mobility devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating a patient for a prosthetic program, making it a narrower subset of this broader ICHI assessment category." }] }, { "code" : "25928001", "display" : "Physical medicine initial examination for prosthetic program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal mobility and transportation, which encompasses prosthetic devices but is broader. The SNOMED concept specifically describes an initial physical medicine examination for a prosthetic program, and the ICHI code does not distinguish initial versus follow-up assessments nor restrict scope to prosthetics." }] }, { "code" : "39130003", "display" : "Placement of collagen shield on cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of bandage contact lens to cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A collagen corneal shield is a biodegradable protective device placed on the corneal surface that functions analogously to a bandage contact lens. The ICHI code covers the broader category of bandage contact lens application to the cornea, which encompasses the more specific collagen shield variant." }] }, { "code" : "815955004", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic bracket using partial bonding", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which encompasses orthodontic brackets. However, it is broader because it does not specify the type of device (orthodontic bracket) or the technique (partial bonding)." }] }, { "code" : "815956003", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic traction chain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which matches the placement of an orthodontic traction chain. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all dental devices, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an orthodontic traction chain used for forced eruption of impacted or displaced teeth." }] }, { "code" : "313047003", "display" : "Prescription of appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.TI.ZZ is the general unspecified prescription code for products and technology in ICHI, which encompasses prescribing an appliance. It is wider because ICHI's \"products and technology\" scope includes non-medical items beyond what the clinical SNOMED term \"appliance\" typically covers." }] }, { "code" : "178703001", "display" : "Primary closed reduction spinal fracture and skull traction stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The use of skull traction implies a cervical spine location. MBA.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the cervical spine but is broader because it does not specify the traction method or the stabilization component, encompassing all closed reduction techniques for the cervical spine." }] }, { "code" : "971009", "display" : "Prosthetic construction and fitting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code combining both prosthetic construction and fitting. PZX.DP.AH captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to any body site, the primary clinical intent, but is wider because it covers all assistive product installations (not just prostheses) and does not include the construction/manufacturing aspect." }] }, { "code" : "31965002", "display" : "Prosthetic evaluation for artificial limb fitting", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all products and technology for personal mobility and transportation, which includes artificial limb prostheses but also encompasses wheelchairs, walking aids, and other mobility devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating a patient for artificial limb fitting, making it a narrower subset." }] }, { "code" : "243704004", "display" : "Provision of appliances", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.RD.ZZ covers providing all products and technology (unspecified), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to appliances (medical devices/assistive products). The ICHI code encompasses all types of products and technology provision without restriction to medical appliances." }] }, { "code" : "315629008", "display" : "Release of suprapubic sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.FC.AA covers the correct anatomical target and action type, as releasing a suprapubic sling is a form of urethral release that relieves compression on the urethra. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all urethral release procedures, not specifically sling release." }] }, { "code" : "714146009", "display" : "Removal of AO external fixator", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for removal of an external fixator. MRB.JD.AH covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site without incision, which encompasses fixator pin removal from bone. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all internal devices and foreign bodies in any bone, not just AO external fixators." }] }, { "code" : "67751006", "display" : "Removal of back brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAA.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAA.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from the trunk region, which includes back braces but also other trunk-applied assistive products. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to a back brace, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "302489004", "display" : "Removal of complete external fixator", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site without incision, which encompasses external fixator removal (since fixator pins are internal to bone and removal typically requires no new incision). The ICHI code is broader, not limited to external fixators specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1366361003", "display" : "Removal of external fixation ring from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JD.AA covers removal of any device or foreign body from bone at an unspecified site, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of removing an external fixation ring. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for external fixation ring removal, and the JD action type encompasses removal of both internal and external therapeutic devices." }] }, { "code" : "239622001", "display" : "Removal of external fixator pin", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JD.AH covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from bone without incision at an unspecified site, which encompasses but is broader than the specific removal of an external fixator pin. The \"without incision\" approach matches the clinical reality of pin removal (unscrewing through existing tract)." }] }, { "code" : "232492000", "display" : "Removal of intranasal splints", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of intraluminal internal device or foreign body from nose without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intranasal splints are intraluminal devices placed inside the nasal cavity, and their removal is typically performed without incision, making JAA.JD.AC the most specific applicable ICHI code. However, it is wider because it covers removal of any intraluminal internal device or foreign body from the nose, not only splints." }] }, { "code" : "173316001", "display" : "Removal of orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic appliance is an external appliance on teeth, making the anatomical target correct. However, the ICHI code uses \"Management\" which encompasses the full lifecycle of external appliance care (application, adjustment, and removal), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the removal action." }] }, { "code" : "57896008", "display" : "Removal of penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a penile prosthesis specifically. NGM.JD.AA is the closest match as a penile prosthesis is an internal device in the penis, but the ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses removal of other internal devices and foreign bodies from the penis, not only prostheses." }] }, { "code" : "32341006", "display" : "Removal of skull tongs", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for removal of skull tongs. MAA.JD.AH is the best match because skull tongs are removed without incision (pins are unscrewed from the skull), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the skull, not specifically skull tongs/halo traction devices." }] }, { "code" : "183201005", "display" : "Repair of appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for \"repair of appliance.\" UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of products and technology in general, but it is wider because \"management\" encompasses more than just repair (including adjustment, maintenance, etc.) and \"products and technology\" is broader than \"appliance.\"" }] }, { "code" : "1234815001", "display" : "Replacement of incontinence appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing an incontinence appliance. UAD.KB.ZZ captures both the action (change/replacement) and the target domain (assistive products for daily living, which includes incontinence products) but is broader than just incontinence appliances, covering all personal daily living products and technology." }] }, { "code" : "239621008", "display" : "Repositioning of external fixator pin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for repositioning an external fixator pin. PZX.KB.AH covers interventions on external immobilisation devices (which include external fixators) at any body site, but it is wider because \"replacement\" of the entire device is a broader action than \"repositioning\" of a specific pin component." }] }, { "code" : "178710007", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and skull traction stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the core procedure (closed reduction of the vertebral fracture) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the skull traction stabilization method or the revision nature of the intervention. In ICHI, the skull traction and revision qualifier would need to be coded separately." }] }, { "code" : "401304009", "display" : "Service of nebulizer", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nebulizer is a product/technology for personal use in daily living, and \"service\" (maintenance/servicing) maps to the ICHI action \"management.\" However, UAD.SM.ZZ is broader because it covers management of all products and technology for personal daily living, not specifically nebulizers." }] }, { "code" : "81533008", "display" : "Sling maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sling is an assistive product used for personal daily living support (limb immobilization/support), and \"management\" corresponds to \"maintenance.\" However, UAD.SM.ZZ is broader because it covers management of all products and technology for personal use in daily living, not specifically slings." }] }, { "code" : "52482000", "display" : "Sling removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sling is a type of assistive product typically applied to the upper limb, making this ICHI code a reasonable match. However, the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses the removal of any assistive product from the upper limb, not specifically a sling." }] }, { "code" : "84261002", "display" : "Splint removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for splint removal. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of any assistive product from an unspecified body site, which subsumes splint removal since a splint is a type of assistive product (external immobilisation device). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses removal of all assistive products." }] }, { "code" : "173328009", "display" : "Splinting of teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, which includes dental splints but also other devices such as braces, retainers, and orthodontic appliances. The SNOMED concept is specifically about splinting, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "234770004", "display" : "Take impression for dental/oral splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for taking a dental impression; KAE.LC.AC is the most relevant code since a dental/oral splint is a dental device and impression-taking is a preparatory component of device application, but the ICHI code encompasses the full application process rather than just the impression step." }] }, { "code" : "70201003", "display" : "Traction removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for traction removal. PZX.SO.AH uses the correct action type (removal of an assistive product) and is non-site-specific, matching the generic SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers removal of any assistive product from any body site, not just traction devices." }] }, { "code" : "372044003", "display" : "Verifying presence of appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers any assessment of products and technology in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to verifying the presence of an appliance — a narrower action (checking presence only) on a narrower target (appliance rather than all products and technology)." }] }, { "code" : "250404007", "display" : "Blood compatibility test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Blood compatibility testing is a specific haematological test. DTA.AC.ZZ is the narrowest assignable intervention code encompassing haematological system testing, but it is broader because it covers all haematological function tests, not just compatibility testing." }] }, { "code" : "252314007", "display" : "Blood transfusion test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Blood transfusion test encompasses all pretransfusion testing (ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, cross-matching). DTA.AC.ZZ covers all haematological function tests, which is broader in scope but the narrowest assignable code that encompasses pretransfusion testing." }] }, { "code" : "31359006", "display" : "Special blood bank procedure, explain by report", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other specified interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specialized blood bank procedure requiring narrative explanation, which is inherently a residual/catch-all concept. DZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other specified\" code for haematopoietic/lymphatic system interventions, making it broader since it covers any unclassified haematopoietic intervention, not just blood bank procedures." }] }, { "code" : "102989007", "display" : "Eyes closed straight line walking test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The eyes closed straight line walking test is a specific type of gait pattern test. MVG.AC.ZZ encompasses all gait pattern tests and is therefore semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept, which specifies the particular conditions (eyes closed, straight line) of the test." }] }, { "code" : "104080009", "display" : "Determination of blood product release time", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for blood product release time determination. DTA.AC.ZZ is the most appropriate broader category that encompasses pre-transfusion blood product testing and determination procedures, but it covers all haematological system tests, making it considerably wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "104084000", "display" : "Measurement of volume of whole blood transfused", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for measuring transfusion volume. DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest match as it covers measurement activities within the haematological system domain, but it is broader because it encompasses all haematological system function measurements rather than specifically the volume of whole blood transfused." }] }, { "code" : "104085004", "display" : "Measurement of volume of fresh frozen plasma transfused", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for measuring the volume of transfused blood products. DTA.AB.ZZ is the best match as it covers measurements within the haematological domain, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies measurement of the volume of a particular blood product (fresh frozen plasma) that was transfused." }] }, { "code" : "104086003", "display" : "Measurement of volume of platelets transfused", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ covers all measurements of haematological system functions, which subsumes the specific measurement of platelet transfusion volume. ICHI lacks a specific code for measuring the volume of transfused platelets, so this broader haematological measurement category is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "104087007", "display" : "Measurement of volume of red cells transfused", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ encompasses all measurements of haematological system functions, which includes but is not limited to measuring the volume of transfused red cells. The SNOMED concept is a specific type of haematological measurement, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "105111000220109", "display" : "Replacement of dental implant prosthetic screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DN.AC", "display" : "Prosthetic dental implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implant procedures broadly (including initial placement), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing only the prosthetic screw component of an existing dental implant. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for replacing a sub-component of a dental implant." }] }, { "code" : "105261000220101", "display" : "Repair of fixed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance on teeth, which includes but is not limited to repair of a fixed orthodontic retainer. The ICHI code is broader in both the action (management encompasses repair, adjustment, and servicing) and the target appliance type (any external appliance, not specifically an orthodontic retainer)." }] }, { "code" : "107876005", "display" : "Operative procedure on integumentary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified grouper category for all interventions on the integumentary system in ICHI, which encompasses both operative and non-operative interventions (e.g., imaging, functional assessments). The SNOMED concept is restricted to operative procedures, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "107907001", "display" : "Operative procedure on digestive system", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified/catch-all code for all interventions on the digestive system in ICHI. It is wider because ICHI's \"interventions\" encompasses all intervention types (diagnostic, therapeutic, functional, supportive) and not exclusively operative/surgical procedures as specified by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "107994000", "display" : "Operative procedure on hematopoietic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the entire haematopoietic or lymphatic system chapter in ICHI. It is wider because it encompasses both the haematopoietic and lymphatic systems (not just hematopoietic) and covers all intervention types (not only operative procedures)." }] }, { "code" : "1081101000112106", "display" : "Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AE.AD represents bronchoscopy in general, which encompasses electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy as a specific subtype. ICHI lacks a code that captures the electromagnetic navigation guidance aspect, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "10821005", "display" : "Gastric fluid analysis, food, forensic", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for forensic gastric fluid or food analysis. KT2.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable \"test\" code for the digestive system and serves as a residual category that can encompass gastric fluid analysis, but it is significantly wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies forensic context, gastric fluid as the specimen, and food content as the analyte." }] }, { "code" : "108219001", "display" : "Physician visit with evaluation AND/OR management service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers a broad assessment of the whole person, which subsumes the evaluation component of a physician visit. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of provider type or whether management services are included." }] }, { "code" : "10830002", "display" : "Health hazard appraisal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Health hazard appraisal\" is a specific type of health assessment focused on identifying and evaluating individual risk factors and health hazards, whereas ICHI's \"General health assessment\" encompasses any whole-person health evaluation including but not limited to hazard/risk appraisal." }] }, { "code" : "1103661000000108", "display" : "Radioligand therapy using lutetium (177-Lu) labeled somatostatin analog", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic targeted radionuclide therapy or radioligand therapy. PZA.DB.AF captures the intravenous administration of a pharmacological agent to the whole body, which is how Lu-177 DOTATATE is delivered, but it is wider because it covers all IV pharmacotherapy and does not convey the radioactive, receptor-targeted, or tissue-destructive aspects specific to PRRT." }] }, { "code" : "1287924001", "display" : "Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillator lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers a function check of the entire pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator system, while the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on the electrophysiologic evaluation of the defibrillator lead only. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing both device types and all components rather than just the lead." }] }, { "code" : "287699009", "display" : "Emergency cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to emergency/urgent temporary pacing, while HFC.DL.AF covers all percutaneous transluminal endocardial temporary pacemaker insertions regardless of urgency. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses both emergency and non-emergency temporary pacemaker placements." }] }, { "code" : "276308001", "display" : "General maintenance of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" semantically encompasses \"general maintenance of cardiac pacemaker,\" as management and maintenance are closely synonymous in the cardiac device context. However, the ICHI code is wider because it also covers defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to pacemakers only." }] }, { "code" : "233178005", "display" : "Insertion of endocardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers insertion of the entire temporary pacemaker system via percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes insertion of only the endocardial electrode (lead) for temporary pacing. The route and temporality match exactly but ICHI encompasses the full system rather than just the electrode component." }] }, { "code" : "25267002", "display" : "Insertion of intracardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the implantation of a permanent pacemaker system in the endocardium (intracardiac), which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but is wider because it also includes defibrillator systems and specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to pacemakers." }] }, { "code" : "70573000", "display" : "Insertion of pacemaker pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the implantation of the entire permanent pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads) via the most common clinical approach, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to insertion of only the pulse generator component. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a component of the full procedure." }] }, { "code" : "443622006", "display" : "Insertion of temporary transvenous electrode of dual chamber cardiac pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF matches the temporary transvenous endocardial pacemaker insertion but is wider because ICHI does not distinguish dual chamber from single chamber pacemaker systems, nor does it differentiate electrode/lead insertion from full pacemaker system insertion." }] }, { "code" : "443816004", "display" : "Insertion of temporary transvenous electrode of single chamber pacing pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF matches the transvenous insertion of a temporary pacemaker system but is wider because ICHI does not distinguish single chamber from dual/multi-chamber systems, nor does it specify electrode versus full system, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "444437006", "display" : "Insertion of transvenous electrode of dual chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers the full percutaneous transluminal implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes only the transvenous electrode insertion component of a dual-chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator." }] }, { "code" : "443742008", "display" : "Insertion of transvenous electrode of single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers the full percutaneous transluminal implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from multi-chamber devices, does not separate electrode/lead insertion from full system implantation, and includes pacemakers in addition to defibrillators." }] }, { "code" : "448150008", "display" : "Interrogation of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the same clinical activity (device function check/interrogation) but is wider because it applies to both pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to cardiac pacemakers only." }] }, { "code" : "763343001", "display" : "Intraoperative insertion of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically refers to pacemaker insertion during surgery, which in clinical practice is typically a temporary epicardial pacemaker. HFC.DL.AA covers all temporary epicardial pacemaker insertions regardless of surgical setting, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "175135009", "display" : "Introduction of cardiac pacemaker system via vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code accurately captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) approach to implanting an endocardial pacemaker system. However, the ICHI code is wider because it also includes defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to pacemaker systems only." }] }, { "code" : "233184008", "display" : "Maintenance procedure for cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" closely matches \"Maintenance procedure for cardiac pacemaker system\" as both describe ongoing device care. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to pacemaker systems only." }] }, { "code" : "432084000", "display" : "Management of permanent pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers management of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems without distinguishing permanent from temporary, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to permanent pacemaker management only." }] }, { "code" : "62881002", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to pacemaker removal. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset." }] }, { "code" : "23325006", "display" : "Repair of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"repair of pacemaker\" code. HFC.SN.AA is the closest match as \"management\" encompasses repair activities on pacemaker devices, but it is wider because it also covers other management activities and includes defibrillator systems in addition to pacemakers." }] }, { "code" : "46634008", "display" : "Repositioning of cardioverter/defibrillator leads", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for repositioning defibrillator leads. HFC.SN.AA is the closest match, as device management encompasses maintenance interventions such as lead repositioning, but it is broader because it covers all management activities on the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system." }] }, { "code" : "228630004", "display" : "Repositioning of permanent transvenous electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AF covers all percutaneous transluminal management activities on pacemaker or defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to repositioning of the transvenous electrodes/leads only. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible management activities." }] }, { "code" : "55455004", "display" : "Revision of pacemaker electrode leads", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for revision of pacemaker electrode leads alone. HFC.SN.AA encompasses maintenance and adjustment activities on implanted cardiac device systems including lead revision, but is wider because it covers the entire system and all management activities." }] }, { "code" : "77453006", "display" : "Revision of permanent cardiac pacemaker device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is the closest match but is wider in two ways: it covers defibrillator systems in addition to pacemakers, and \"replacement\" is only one aspect of the broader surgical concept of \"revision,\" which can also include repositioning or adjusting device components without full replacement." }] }, { "code" : "398220006", "display" : "Ventricular pacing lead positioned", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to positioning a ventricular pacing lead, which is a sub-step of full pacemaker/defibrillator system implantation. HFC.DN.AF covers the entire percutaneous transluminal endocardial system implantation including all leads and generator, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "110466009", "display" : "Pre-surgery evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific preoperative evaluation concept. PZB.AA.ZZ (\"General health assessment\") is the closest match as a pre-surgery evaluation is a type of general health assessment, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all general health assessments regardless of whether they are performed in a preoperative context." }] }, { "code" : "110467000", "display" : "Pre-surgery testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers any general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses pre-surgery testing but is not limited to it. ICHI lacks a specific preoperative context qualifier, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically testing performed in preparation for surgery." }] }, { "code" : "112697007", "display" : "Operation on musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual category for the entire musculoskeletal system chapter in ICHI. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI \"interventions\" encompasses all intervention types (including imaging, assessment, and non-surgical procedures), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to surgical operations." }] }, { "code" : "112731004", "display" : "Reduction of congenital hip dislocation by splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AH captures the core intervention (closed reduction of the hip joint) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the method of reduction (by splint) nor the congenital etiology of the dislocation." }] }, { "code" : "112802009", "display" : "Cardiovascular surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category covering all unspecified interventions on the circulatory system. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all intervention types (diagnostic, therapeutic, functional, supportive) on the circulatory system, not only surgical procedures as specified by SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "112939006", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to head or neck structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular (brain CSF) shunt procedures without specifying the distal drainage destination, while the SNOMED concept specifically restricts the shunt to head or neck structures. The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "112943005", "display" : "Epidural injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, caudal, continuous", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DC.AE covers all anaesthetic injections into the spinal canal, which includes epidural injections, but does not distinguish the caudal approach, diagnostic purpose, or continuous delivery method specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1149092001", "display" : "Positive pressure ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Artificial ventilation\" encompasses all methods of mechanically-assisted breathing, including positive pressure ventilation, negative pressure ventilation, and other techniques. The SNOMED concept specifies the positive pressure method specifically, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1156886000", "display" : "Promotion of nutrient intake consistent with requirements", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMF.PN.ZZ is an individual-level intervention about advising on eating as a self-care activity, which encompasses promoting nutrient intake. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all advising about eating generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets promoting nutrient intake consistent with nutritional requirements." }] }, { "code" : "1156958007", "display" : "Promotion of food and nutrient intake to support target weight and body mass", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions related to weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers advising about all functions related to weight management (which could include exercise, metabolism, and other factors), while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting food and nutrient intake as the means to achieve target weight and body mass." }] }, { "code" : "1156981009", "display" : "Implantation of dental endosseous implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DN.AC", "display" : "Prosthetic dental implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DN.AC directly represents the placement of a dental implant prosthesis under \"Interventions on teeth.\" However, the ICHI code does not specify the endosseous (into-bone) route, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the endosseous type." }] }, { "code" : "1162730005", "display" : "Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.SC.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code MRS.SC.BJ covers extracorporeal shockwave therapy at an unspecified body site without distinguishing intensity level, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes \"low intensity\" shockwave therapy." }] }, { "code" : "1172583004", "display" : "Promotion of sleep hygiene", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sleep hygiene promotion is a specific form of education aimed at influencing sleep behaviours. VEC.PM.ZZ covers all education to influence sleep and rest behaviours, making it semantically broader than the narrower concept of sleep hygiene promotion specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1173033008", "display" : "Endoscopy of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laparoscopy (PAK.AE.AB) is the standard endoscopic procedure for visualizing the pelvic cavity, but in ICHI it covers the entire abdominopelvic cavity, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the pelvis alone." }] }, { "code" : "1179010002", "display" : "Uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DK.AC", "display" : "Tamponade of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DK.AC covers tamponade of the uterus by any method and for any indication, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes balloon tamponade for postpartum hemorrhage. The ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "428909008", "display" : "Biphasic defibrillation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH represents external stimulation of the cardiac conducting system to convert arrhythmias, which encompasses defibrillation. However, the SNOMED concept specifically denotes biphasic waveform defibrillation, a narrower subset of cardiac arrhythmia conversion, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1287923007", "display" : "Electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers function checks of both pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to electrophysiologic evaluation of cardioverter defibrillators only. The ICHI code is broader in both scope (includes pacemakers) and method (general function check rather than specifically electrophysiologic evaluation)." }] }, { "code" : "426220008", "display" : "External ventricular defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers the conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia by any method, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to external defibrillation targeting ventricular arrhythmias. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing internal methods and non-ventricular arrhythmia conversions." }] }, { "code" : "703984002", "display" : "Monophasic cardioversion procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers all forms of cardiac arrhythmia conversion without distinguishing the waveform type, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes monophasic cardioversion. ICHI has no code that differentiates monophasic from biphasic waveforms." }] }, { "code" : "429500007", "display" : "Monophasic defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code HFC.SC.AH covers all forms of cardiac arrhythmia conversion (including defibrillation and cardioversion with any waveform type), while the SNOMED concept specifies only monophasic defibrillation — a specific waveform modality." }] }, { "code" : "428625001", "display" : "Replacement of cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to cardioverter defibrillator replacement only. No more specific ICHI code exists that isolates defibrillator replacement from pacemaker replacement." }] }, { "code" : "1371279004", "display" : "Reprogramming of cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reprogramming a cardioverter defibrillator. HFC.SN.AA is the best match as reprogramming is one specific type of device management activity, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "446362009", "display" : "Argon plasma coagulation of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon plasma coagulation is a specific endoscopic destruction modality applied to the colon, while ICHI code KBP.GA.AD covers all methods of endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of the colon without specifying the technique." }] }, { "code" : "447978006", "display" : "Argon plasma coagulation of lesion of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers any endoscopic destruction method on a biliary duct lesion (or sphincter of Oddi), while the SNOMED concept specifies argon plasma coagulation as the particular destruction technique and targets only the bile duct. The ICHI code is broader in both modality and anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "445936001", "display" : "Argon plasma coagulation of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon plasma coagulation is a specific endoscopic destruction technique. ICHI does not distinguish among destruction modalities for the oesophagus, so KBA.GA.AD encompasses all endoscopic destruction methods and is therefore semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "1287542001", "display" : "Coagulation of external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Destruction of auricle of ear\" encompasses all methods of tissue destruction (including coagulation, cauterization, cryotherapy, etc.) on the auricle, which is the principal structure of the external ear. The SNOMED concept specifies coagulation as the method, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1287544000", "display" : "Coagulation of lesion of inner ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCA.GA.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader in two ways: it covers all destruction modalities (not just coagulation) and targets the entire inner ear structure rather than specifically a lesion within it. No more specific inner ear destruction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "7012008", "display" : "Coagulation or electrocoagulation of spinal cord lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a particular destructive method (coagulation/electrocoagulation) targeting a spinal cord lesion, while the ICHI code ABA.GA.AA covers destruction of the spinal cord by any method and does not distinguish lesion-targeted destruction." }] }, { "code" : "56121000", "display" : "Repair of arteriovenous fistula by coagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for arteriovenous fistula repair or coagulation-based repair. IZE.MK.AA correctly captures the repair action on a vascular structure, but is broader because it does not specify the target condition (arteriovenous fistula) or the method (coagulation)." }] }, { "code" : "386245003", "display" : "Community health development", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VA.ZZ", "display" : "Building capacity of the population in relation to health issues", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UBC.VA.ZZ covers building health-related capacity at the population level, which encompasses community health development but is broader — it applies to the entire population rather than specifically to community-level development activities." }] }, { "code" : "385758005", "display" : "Community special services assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general social support services, systems, and policies, which encompasses the more specific concept of community special services assessment. The ICHI code is broader because it includes systems- and policy-level assessment." }] }, { "code" : "385761006", "display" : "Community special services management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" encompasses the coordination and management of services for a person, which includes community special services management as a subset. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of case coordination, not limited to community special services." }] }, { "code" : "386285009", "display" : "Environmental management: community", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically addresses environmental management at the community level. UB1.TM.ZZ covers environment modification targeting the natural and human-made environment broadly without specifying a community scope, making it semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "385759002", "display" : "Provision of community special services", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing social support services at a community/systems level, which encompasses providing community special services. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all general social support service provision including systems and policies." }] }, { "code" : "386455001", "display" : "Surveillance: community", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UBC.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance at the population level, which encompasses community-level surveillance but is broader in scope — \"population\" is not restricted to the community context implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "409070005", "display" : "Tuberculosis community education", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no disease-specific or community-targeted education codes. DTB.PM.ZZ is the best match because TB education involves educating about immunological system functions, but the ICHI code is wider as it covers all immunological system education rather than being specific to tuberculosis." }] }, { "code" : "1197612007", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between specific ventilation modes. JTB.DE.AC encompasses all forms of mechanical ventilation, including IMV, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a particular ventilation mode." }] }, { "code" : "1197766005", "display" : "Encounter by electronic text-based asynchronous communication", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL1-XG6", "display" : "Telehealth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for text-based asynchronous electronic encounters. The Telehealth block covers all forms of telehealth delivery, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the asynchronous text-based modality." }] }, { "code" : "1201991005", "display" : "Micropressure therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other interventions to functions of the skin, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for micropressure therapy. LT2.ZZ.ZZ is a residual code under \"Interventions on skin functions\" that encompasses therapeutic skin interventions not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1222563003", "display" : "Implantation of dental zygomatic implant into zygomatic bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAC.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into zygomatic bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAC.DN.AA matches the anatomical site (zygomatic bone) and action (implantation) exactly, but uses the broader term \"device\" rather than specifying a dental zygomatic implant, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "1222606000", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Artificial ventilation\" encompasses all forms of mechanical ventilation without distinguishing modes, while the SNOMED concept specifies continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV), a particular mode. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "122451000", "display" : "Adjust denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A denture is an external removable appliance for teeth. KAE.SM.AC is broader because \"management\" encompasses adjustment, fitting, checking, and replacing external dental appliances, not just adjustment alone." }] }, { "code" : "1230038006", "display" : "Provision of beverage", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with drinking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMG.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support with drinking (including providing a beverage, assisting with holding cups, positioning, etc.), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to providing a beverage." }] }, { "code" : "1230133004", "display" : "Disinfection of room", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.VL.ZZ", "display" : "Environmental remediation or decontamination to reduce threats to health, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers environmental remediation or decontamination broadly (unspecified target), while the SNOMED concept specifically targets disinfection of a room. The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1234817009", "display" : "Changing of drainage bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for changing a drainage bag. NAI.SN.AC is the closest match as the most common clinical context for drainage bag changes is urinary catheter care. However, it covers all management activities for urinary bladder devices and is body-system-specific while the SNOMED concept is not." }] }, { "code" : "1236985008", "display" : "Injection of botulinum toxin into vocalis muscle using electromyography guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DB.AD", "display" : "Injection into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DB.AD covers injection into the larynx generally, which subsumes injection into the vocalis muscle. However, it does not specify the agent (botulinum toxin), the precise anatomical target (vocalis muscle), or the guidance method (electromyography), making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1237136005", "display" : "Consultation with patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no direct \"consultation\" concept. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as a general health encounter on the whole person, but it encompasses any unspecified health management encounter, not just consultations specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1254743005", "display" : "Bronchoscopy using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AE.AD covers bronchoscopy in general without specifying robotic assistance. The robotic aspect is only captured via the extension code XG5Z48 (\"With robotic assistance\"), which could be post-coordinated but is not part of the stem code." }] }, { "code" : "1255250000", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using ceramic dental crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of method or material, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes restoration using a ceramic dental crown." }] }, { "code" : "1255263006", "display" : "Removal of root canal post from tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A root canal post is an internal dental device. KAE.JD.AC is broader because it encompasses removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, not specifically a root canal post." }] }, { "code" : "1255903000", "display" : "Diagnostic loop electrosurgical excision procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JJ.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal partial excision of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LEEP/LLETZ is a transvaginal partial excision of the cervix using a loop electrode. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all methods of transvaginal partial cervical excision and does not specify the diagnostic intent." }] }, { "code" : "1256041000", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using metal dental crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration without specifying the material or type. ICHI has extension codes for \"Metallic crown\" but the primary intervention code encompasses all restoration methods." }] }, { "code" : "1258927004", "display" : "Cleaning of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A denture is an external dental appliance, and cleaning is one component of its management. KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities for external tooth appliances (including cleaning, adjustment, and maintenance)." }] }, { "code" : "1258986006", "display" : "Face-to-face encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes an in-person (face-to-face) modality. ICHI lacks a concept distinguishing face-to-face from remote encounters." }] }, { "code" : "1259294000", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using prefabricated zirconia dental crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of material or technique. ICHI lacks codes that distinguish crown type or material at the intervention level; the material-specific detail is only representable through extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "1259975003", "display" : "Care of dental prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance of the tooth, including dental prostheses but also other external dental devices (e.g., orthodontic appliances, splints). The SNOMED concept is limited to care of a dental prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "1263416007", "display" : "Removal of intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the uterus, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to removal of an intrauterine contraceptive device." }] }, { "code" : "1263772002", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using composite resin crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration regardless of material or technique, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes restoration using a composite resin crown." }] }, { "code" : "1263784000", "display" : "Radioligand therapy using lutetium (Lu-177) vipivotide tetraxetan", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.BA captures the correct anatomical target (prostate) and therapeutic intent (destruction of tissue using radiation), but encompasses all radiotherapy modalities directed at the prostate rather than specifically radioligand therapy with Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan." }] }, { "code" : "711009009", "display" : "Waste removal service assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEV.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of waste collection and disposal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEV.AA.ZZ covers assessment of waste collection and disposal services, systems, and policies, which encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader because it additionally includes systems and policies alongside services." }] }, { "code" : "18945009", "display" : "Control of hemorrhage of abdominal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for control of hemorrhage of the abdominal cavity. PAK.MK.AA covers therapeutic surgical interventions on the abdomen not otherwise specified, encompassing hemorrhage control along with other types of abdominal repair procedures." }] }, { "code" : "473214002", "display" : "Suture plication of artery for control of gastric hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suture plication of a gastric artery is a form of open surgical occlusion of an abdominal artery. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not specify the hemorrhage indication or the suture plication technique." }] }, { "code" : "70182001", "display" : "Correction of lymphedema by transplantation of autogenous lymphatics graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplantation of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.KD.AA covers transplantation of lymphatic vessel in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an autogenous graft source and corrective purpose for lymphedema, details not distinguished in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "234306006", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue and full thickness graft of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JL.AA", "display" : "Radical excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the primary surgical action (radical excision) but does not specify the lymphedema indication or the full thickness skin graft component integral to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "51050005", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue and split thickness graft of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JJ.AA captures the primary surgical action (partial excision) but is broader because it applies to any indication and does not include the split-thickness skin graft component." }] }, { "code" : "178340006", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue of scrotum", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of scrotum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGG.JJ.AA covers partial excision of scrotum for any indication, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to excision of lymphedematous tissue. The surgical action is the same but the ICHI code does not specify lymphedema as the pathology." }] }, { "code" : "234307002", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue plus local skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the primary component (partial excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue) but does not specify the lymphedema indication and omits the local skin graft component." }] }, { "code" : "234305005", "display" : "Kondoleon correction for lymphedema", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.JJ.AA captures the principal surgical action (partial excision of subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb) but does not specify the fascia excision component, the lymphedema indication, or the Kondoleon technique." }] }, { "code" : "53232002", "display" : "Thompson operation for correction of lymphedema", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.ML.AA captures the core therapeutic intent of restoring lymphatic drainage but is broader because it encompasses all methods of lymphatic vessel reconstruction, not specifically the Thompson buried dermal flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "182803009", "display" : "Cardiac emergency monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.AI.AH", "display" : "Cardiac electrophysiological monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.AI.AH covers cardiac electrophysiological monitoring in general, which subsumes emergency cardiac monitoring. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the emergency setting." }] }, { "code" : "45236006", "display" : "Emergency administration of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ captures the core action of administering pharmacotherapy without specifying a route, but is wider because it covers all pharmacotherapy administration regardless of urgency, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to emergency contexts." }] }, { "code" : "91223004", "display" : "Emergency administration of vaccine during epidemic", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing the emergency or epidemic context of vaccination. DTB.VD.AE covers the core clinical action (vaccine administration via injection, the most common route) but is broader because it applies to all percutaneous vaccinations, not only those performed during an epidemic emergency." }] }, { "code" : "182814007", "display" : "Emergency dressing", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DK.AH covers the application of a dressing to skin in general, which subsumes emergency dressings. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the emergency/urgency context that is explicit in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "245581009", "display" : "Emergency examination for triage", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for triage or emergency prioritisation assessments. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a whole-person assessment, but is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment without the emergency context or the specific purpose of triaging patients by urgency." }] }, { "code" : "708933000", "display" : "Emergency hemodiafiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Renal dialysis\" encompasses all forms of renal dialysis without distinguishing hemodiafiltration as a specific modality, and does not encode the emergency/urgency context. The ICHI code is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the technique (hemodiafiltration) and the clinical context (emergency)." }] }, { "code" : "708932005", "display" : "Emergency hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Renal dialysis\" covers all forms of renal dialysis regardless of urgency or specific modality, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes emergency hemodialysis. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish emergency from elective, nor hemodialysis from other renal dialysis techniques." }] }, { "code" : "715743002", "display" : "Emergency hemofiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Renal dialysis\" encompasses all forms of renal replacement therapy including hemofiltration without distinguishing modality, and does not capture the emergency context. The ICHI code is wider than the specific SNOMED concept of emergency hemofiltration." }] }, { "code" : "182682004", "display" : "Emergency laryngeal intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC accurately captures the core procedure of laryngeal intubation (passing a tube through the larynx into the trachea) but ICHI has no qualifier for emergency context, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the emergency setting." }] }, { "code" : "85191009", "display" : "Emergency oral examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.AE.AC covers oral examination of the mouth broadly, matching the anatomical scope. However, ICHI has no emergency/urgency qualifier, so the ICHI code is wider — it includes all oral examinations regardless of whether they are emergency, urgent, or routine." }] }, { "code" : "1303242002", "display" : "Emergency pastoral visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.RC.ZZ covers emotional support in the context of religion and spirituality, which is the core function of a pastoral visit. However, it is broader because it does not specify the emergency context or the visit-based nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "16883004", "display" : "Endotracheal intubation, emergency procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedure of endotracheal intubation but does not qualify it as an emergency procedure. ICHI has no emergency-specific variant, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly scoped to the emergency context." }] }, { "code" : "246547005", "display" : "History and physical examination, emergency preliminary evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ encompasses both history-taking and physical examination components as a combined assessment. However, it is wider because it covers all general health assessments without the emergency/preliminary qualification specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265482008", "display" : "Implantation of emergency intravenous cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertions of temporary pacemaker systems, which is the exact procedure for an emergency intravenous cardiac pacemaker. It is slightly wider because it encompasses both emergency and non-emergency temporary pacemaker insertions." }] }, { "code" : "183867000", "display" : "Referred to acute chest pain clinic", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ is the only referral code in ICHI and covers referral to any health provider generically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies referral to an acute chest pain clinic specifically. The ICHI code is broader, fully encompassing the SNOMED concept but without the specialty or condition specificity." }] }, { "code" : "8651000202109", "display" : "Checking refrigerator for expired food", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Assessment of food\" broadly encompasses any evaluation of food, which includes checking for expired food. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all types of food assessment at any level, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about checking stored food for expiration in a domestic refrigerator setting." }] }, { "code" : "438298009", "display" : "Control of infant incubator temperature", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SD.BQ encompasses all methods of warming central body temperature (warming blankets, forced air, heated fluids, incubators, etc.), while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to controlling infant incubator temperature. The clinical goal aligns but the ICHI code is broader in both method and population." }] }, { "code" : "386283002", "display" : "Environmental management: attachment process", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEJ.TM.ZZ captures both the environmental modification action and the parenting domain. However, it is broader because it covers environment modification for all parenting behaviours, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on facilitating the parent-infant attachment/bonding process." }] }, { "code" : "386286005", "display" : "Environmental management: home preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all environment modifications aimed at influencing home safety behaviours, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically addresses clinical/nursing preparation of a patient's home environment for safety and therapeutic benefit (e.g., pre-discharge)." }] }, { "code" : "386287001", "display" : "Environmental management: violence prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers environment modification to influence violence-related behaviours in general, which subsumes the SNOMED concept's specific focus on violence prevention. The ICHI code is broader because \"influence violence-related behaviours\" encompasses prevention as well as other goals." }] }, { "code" : "24530001", "display" : "Making patient bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SOD.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of doing housework", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a specific code for making/preparing a patient bed. SOD.RA.ZZ is the most applicable code as bed-making is a type of housework activity, but the ICHI code is wider, encompassing all housework tasks such as cleaning, laundry, and tidying — not just bed-making." }] }, { "code" : "710978006", "display" : "Minimizing environmental stimuli", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification in relation to perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUE.TM.ZZ covers any modification of the environment aimed at perceptual functions, which includes but is not limited to minimizing stimuli — it could also encompass enhancing or adjusting environmental inputs. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to reducing/minimizing environmental stimuli, making it a narrower subset of the ICHI code's scope." }] }, { "code" : "1340000005", "display" : "Remediation of asthma triggers in residence", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.VL.ZZ", "display" : "Environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to asthma triggers in a residential setting. The core action (remediation of the indoor environment) aligns well, but the ICHI code is wider in both scope of contaminants and setting." }] }, { "code" : "27437006", "display" : "Assembly of pump-oxygenator for extracorporeal circulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.DD.AF", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PSA.DD.AF encompasses the entire extracorporeal circulation procedure, while the SNOMED concept refers only to the preparatory step of assembling the pump-oxygenator equipment. ICHI has no specific code for equipment assembly/preparation, making the broader bypass code the closest match with a wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "225084001", "display" : "Attaching urinary catheter to bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for attaching a urinary catheter to a drainage bag. NAI.SN.AC covers general management of internal urinary bladder devices, which encompasses this specific activity but also includes other management activities such as flushing, repositioning, or troubleshooting, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "225102001", "display" : "Checking urinary catheter tubing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Checking urinary catheter tubing is a specific inspection/verification activity that falls within the scope of catheter device management. ICHI's NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal urinary bladder devices, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the checking/inspection aspect alone." }] }, { "code" : "225275006", "display" : "Clamping urethral catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clamping a urethral catheter is a specific management activity performed on an indwelling urinary catheter. NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, making it semantically broader. ICHI has no code that specifically represents catheter clamping or occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "225272009", "display" : "Cleaning around catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cleaning around catheter refers specifically to hygiene care at the catheter insertion site, which is one component of the broader ICHI concept. The ICHI code encompasses all management activities for an indwelling urinary bladder device (site cleaning, patency checks, securing, flushing, etc.), making it semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "409687008", "display" : "Cleaning of equipment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for the physical act of cleaning medical equipment. UEP.VE.ZZ covers health care infection control measures at a services/systems/policies level, which encompasses equipment cleaning as one of many infection control activities, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "450775006", "display" : "Emptying of ureterostomy bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ureterostomy bag emptying. PTD.SN.AC covers management of stomas not elsewhere classified, which includes ureterostomy stomas; however, it is broader because stoma management encompasses all care activities (not just emptying) and applies to any stoma type not specifically listed." }] }, { "code" : "225082002", "display" : "Emptying urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Emptying a urinary catheter bag is one specific management activity for an indwelling urinary catheter device in the bladder. NAI.SN.AC encompasses all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, making it semantically broader than the specific act of emptying the catheter collection system." }] }, { "code" : "449390009", "display" : "Ensuring use of supplies and equipment within safe parameters", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SM.ZZ covers the broad management of products and technology in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on ensuring that supplies and equipment are used within safe operational parameters — a more specific activity within the broader scope of product/technology management." }] }, { "code" : "708011004", "display" : "Increase blood flow for hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for adjusting blood flow parameters during dialysis. Renal dialysis (NAA.JC.AF) is the broader procedure that encompasses all activities performed during a hemodialysis session, including increasing blood flow rate, making it the closest available match but semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "708008000", "display" : "Increase exchange volume of peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a whole intervention, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to increasing the exchange (fill) volume, a discrete parameter adjustment within peritoneal dialysis management. ICHI has no code for dialysis parameter modification." }] }, { "code" : "708009008", "display" : "Increase number of perfusion exchanges per 24 hours of peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE represents peritoneal dialysis as a general intervention, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically describes increasing the number of perfusion exchanges per 24 hours. ICHI lacks granularity for dialysis prescription modifications such as exchange frequency adjustments." }] }, { "code" : "708012006", "display" : "Increase session time for hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for adjusting dialysis session parameters or duration. NAA.JC.AF is the closest match but is substantially broader, covering the entire renal dialysis intervention rather than the specific act of increasing session time." }] }, { "code" : "225086004", "display" : "Inflating indwelling urethral catheter balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Inflating the retention balloon of an indwelling urethral catheter is a specific device management activity. ICHI's code covers all management actions on any bladder device, making it semantically broader than the specific act of balloon inflation on a urethral catheter." }] }, { "code" : "225229003", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis bag procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE represents the full peritoneal dialysis intervention, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to the bag procedure (connecting, exchanging, or managing the dialysate bag), a component step within peritoneal dialysis." }] }, { "code" : "225283000", "display" : "Priming hemodialysis lines", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Priming hemodialysis lines is a specific preparatory sub-step of the renal dialysis procedure (flushing saline through the extracorporeal circuit before patient connection). ICHI has no code for this granular activity; NAA.JC.AF encompasses the entire renal dialysis intervention, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "276846000", "display" : "Refilling of implanted drug reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SN.AH covers management of pharmacotherapy internal devices broadly (including refilling, adjusting, and other maintenance activities), while the SNOMED concept specifically describes the refilling action only, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "225274005", "display" : "Releasing urethral catheter clamp", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Releasing a urethral catheter clamp is a specific catheter management action (unclamping to restore urine drainage). NAI.SN.AC covers all management activities for internal devices of the urinary bladder, which subsumes catheter clamp release but is substantially broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "440336006", "display" : "Repair of central venous access catheter with subcutaneous port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device not elsewhere classified, which includes but is not limited to repair of a central venous access catheter with subcutaneous port. The ICHI code is wider because management encompasses repair, adjustment, flushing, and other maintenance activities, and applies to all vascular devices." }] }, { "code" : "276845001", "display" : "Reprogramming of implanted drug delivery system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SN.AH covers all management activities (including reprogramming, refilling, calibrating) on implanted pharmacotherapy devices, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to reprogramming. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset." }] }, { "code" : "225281003", "display" : "Reversing hemodialysis lines", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reversing hemodialysis lines\" is a specific technical maneuver performed during a hemodialysis session (swapping arterial and venous bloodlines to address access flow issues), and ICHI has no code at this level of granularity. NAA.JC.AF \"Renal dialysis\" is the broader procedure within which line reversal occurs, making the ICHI code semantically wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225080005", "display" : "Spigotting of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spigotting (plugging/capping) a urinary catheter is a specific type of catheter device management action, while NAI.SN.AC encompasses all forms of management of internal devices for the urinary bladder. ICHI has no code specifically for catheter spigotting or clamping, making this broader code the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "225252004", "display" : "Storage of cervical cap", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cervical cap storage or barrier contraceptive device care. UAD.SM.ZZ is the closest match as it broadly covers management of personal-use products and technology for daily living, which would encompass the storage and care of a cervical cap as a personal health product, but it is substantially wider in scope than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225282005", "display" : "Washing back through hemodialysis lines", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the washback/rinseback sub-procedure of returning blood from the dialysis circuit to the patient. \"Renal dialysis\" (NAA.JC.AF) is the closest match but is semantically broader, encompassing the entire hemodialysis procedure of which washing back through lines is one discrete component step." }] }, { "code" : "762442002", "display" : "Adjustment of artificial eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers the management of ocular prosthetics broadly, which encompasses adjustment as one of its activities, but also includes other management tasks such as inspection, cleaning, and general maintenance. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to \"adjustment\" of the artificial eye, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "225621008", "display" : "Cleaning eye prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of ocular prosthetics\" encompasses all management activities related to ocular prostheses (cleaning, inspection, adjustment, reinsertion, etc.), whereas \"Cleaning eye prosthesis\" refers specifically to the cleaning activity alone. The ICHI code is therefore broader in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225620009", "display" : "Cleaning orbital prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers the broader concept of \"management\" of ocular prosthetics, which encompasses cleaning but also other management activities such as fitting and adjustment. The SNOMED concept specifies only the cleaning aspect of an orbital prosthesis, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "440704001", "display" : "Construction of custom orbital prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers the overall management of ocular prosthetics, which encompasses construction, fitting, adjustment, and maintenance of prosthetic eyes. The SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing specifically on the fabrication/construction step of a custom orbital prosthesis, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "59590004", "display" : "Excision of eye with implant and attachment of muscles", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.JK.AA", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.JK.AA covers enucleation of the eyeball, which is the core procedure described by the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the additional components of implant placement and reattachment of extraocular muscles to the implant, which are explicitly included in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172144003", "display" : "Insertion of external orbital prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH \"Management of ocular prosthetics\" is the only ICHI code specifically addressing ocular prosthetics, but it encompasses the broader concept of management (including fitting, adjustment, and ongoing care) rather than the specific act of insertion/placement of an external orbital prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "27668001", "display" : "Insertion of keratoprosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.DL.AC covers the insertion of any corneal implant, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to a keratoprosthesis (an artificial cornea prosthesis). The action, target anatomy, and device type all align, but the ICHI code does not distinguish keratoprostheses from other types of corneal implants." }] }, { "code" : "223786006", "display" : "Insertion of orbital implant outside muscle cone", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for insertion of an orbital implant. BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) is the best match because insertion of an orbital implant (particularly extraconal) is a type of orbital reconstruction procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of orbital reconstruction, not only implant insertion in the extraconal space." }] }, { "code" : "439490005", "display" : "Insertion of subconjunctival retinal prosthesis receiver and pulse generator with vitrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DL.AC covers insertion of an ocular implant generically, which subsumes the retinal prosthesis receiver/pulse generator. However, it is broader because it does not specify the retinal prosthesis type, the subconjunctival placement site, the receiver and pulse generator components, or the concurrent vitrectomy." }] }, { "code" : "231712000", "display" : "Intracorneal insertion of lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.DL.AC covers the insertion of any corneal implant, which includes intracorneal lenses (corneal inlays) but also other types of corneal implants such as intracorneal ring segments. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to inserting a lens into the cornea, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "414539000", "display" : "Iris suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers the insertion of a prosthetic (intraocular) lens in general, without specifying the fixation technique (iris suture fixation) or the chamber placement (posterior chamber). The SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of prosthetic lens insertion, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "287413003", "display" : "Orbital implant insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DL.AC covers insertion of any ocular implant, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an orbital (eye socket) implant specifically. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for orbital implant insertion; this is the closest available code within the visual system." }] }, { "code" : "172392005", "display" : "Prosthetic replacement of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for prosthetic replacement of the conjunctiva. BBA.MK.AA covers restorative interventions on the conjunctiva broadly, encompassing all repair methods (suturing, grafting, prosthetic replacement), rather than specifically prosthetic replacement." }] }, { "code" : "243705003", "display" : "Provision of artificial eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH is the only ICHI code specifically addressing ocular prosthetics. However, \"management\" encompasses a broader scope than just provision — it includes ongoing adjustment, maintenance, and follow-up — making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "61779007", "display" : "Reinsertion of implant of eyeball with conjunctival graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AC", "display" : "Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a particular secondary procedure (reinsertion of an orbital implant with a conjunctival graft), while BAM.ML.AC encompasses all secondary interventions after removal of the eyeball, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "35829002", "display" : "Removal of external orbital implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of orbital implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.JD.AC covers removal of any orbital implant without distinguishing between external and internal implants, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to removal of an external orbital implant. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as a subset." }] }, { "code" : "62424000", "display" : "Removal of eye prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of ocular implant, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any ocular implant not elsewhere classified, which encompasses eye prostheses but is broader since it includes other types of ocular implants beyond prosthetic eyes. The SNOMED concept is specifically about removing an eye prosthesis (artificial eye), making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "1264387000", "display" : "Follow-up for radiation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for follow-up after radiation therapy. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category covering health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses follow-up visits including those for radiation therapy, but is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1264532002", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using porcelain fused to noble metal crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the most specific ICHI intervention code available but does not specify the method (crown) or material (porcelain fused to noble metal). ICHI crown-type descriptors exist only as extension/qualifier codes, not standalone interventions." }] }, { "code" : "1269321004", "display" : "Fitting of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Application of dental device\" encompasses all types of dental devices (orthodontic appliances, splints, dentures, etc.), making it semantically broader than \"Fitting of denture\" which specifically refers to dentures only." }] }, { "code" : "1269322006", "display" : "Insertion of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Application of dental device\" encompasses the placement of any dental device, including dentures, orthodontic appliances, and other devices. The SNOMED concept is specifically about inserting a denture, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1269339008", "display" : "Insertion of inlay to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" covers all forms of dental restoration (direct fillings, inlays, onlays, and other restorative procedures), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically refers to the insertion of an inlay." }] }, { "code" : "1269407000", "display" : "Insertion of veneer onto tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental veneer is a specific type of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC encompasses all restorative procedures on teeth including veneers, fillings, inlays, onlays, and crowns. ICHI lacks a specific code for veneer placement." }] }, { "code" : "1284876005", "display" : "Fitting of indirect restoration to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all forms of tooth restoration (direct and indirect), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to fitting an indirect restoration (e.g., crown, inlay, onlay). The ICHI code is therefore broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1286901003", "display" : "Insertion of removable orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses an orthodontic retainer but is not specific to orthodontic retainers or to the removable type." }] }, { "code" : "1287360000", "display" : "Injection of epidural anesthesia during maternal intrapartum period", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal, which anatomically encompasses the epidural space, but is wider because it also includes intrathecal injection and does not specify the obstetric/intrapartum context." }] }, { "code" : "1287362008", "display" : "Injection of dexamethasone during maternal pregnancy period", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration of pharmacotherapy, which includes the intramuscular injection of dexamethasone but does not specify the drug, the clinical context (pregnancy), or the therapeutic purpose (fetal lung maturation)." }] }, { "code" : "1287894009", "display" : "Repair of retinal defect by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of retina\" covers all methods of retinal repair and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies diathermy as the technique. The ICHI code does not distinguish the method of repair." }] }, { "code" : "1297244003", "display" : "Postoperative evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no postoperative-specific evaluation concept. \"General health assessment\" is the closest match as a whole-person assessment intervention, but is semantically wider as it covers any general health assessment regardless of postoperative context." }] }, { "code" : "1299110008", "display" : "Transportation in isolation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers all person transportation interventions without specifying isolation conditions. The SNOMED concept is a more specific type of person transport (performed under isolation/infection control conditions), making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1303713006", "display" : "Endoscopic drainage of subperiosteal abscess of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JB.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic aspiration of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.JB.AB matches on the target anatomy (orbit) and approach (endoscopic) but uses the broader term \"aspiration\" rather than \"drainage\" and does not specify the subperiosteal location or that the target is an abscess." }] }, { "code" : "1338058009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy of ventricular shunt with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BB", "display" : "Contrast radiogram of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.BA.BB covers contrast-based radiation imaging of the brain generally, which encompasses fluoroscopy of a ventricular shunt with contrast. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the ventricular shunt as the target or fluoroscopy as the specific modality." }] }, { "code" : "133899007", "display" : "Postoperative care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for postoperative care. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other health management encounter\" category, broader because it encompasses any non-specific health management encounter, not just those in the postoperative period." }] }, { "code" : "133916000", "display" : "Role clarification", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Role clarification is a specific counselling technique aimed at helping individuals understand their psychosocial roles. ATF.PP.ZZ encompasses all forms of counselling targeting global psychosocial functions, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "133919007", "display" : "Communication of alternative technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SGG.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in using communication devices and techniques", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SGG.PH.ZZ covers training in using all communication devices and techniques, which encompasses alternative communication techniques but is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets alternative techniques." }] }, { "code" : "133923004", "display" : "Social interaction encouragement", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in all interactions and interpersonal relationships, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets encouragement of social interaction." }] }, { "code" : "88234006", "display" : "Removal of implant of lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device (such as an IOL) from the lens, which directly encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes removal of foreign bodies from the lens, not just implanted devices." }] }, { "code" : "1366458003", "display" : "Scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers all prosthetic lens insertions regardless of fixation method or placement location, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes scleral fixation technique with posterior chamber positioning. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible approaches." }] }, { "code" : "225617001", "display" : "Soaking eye prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers all management activities related to ocular prosthetics (cleaning, soaking, adjusting, maintaining), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the soaking step only, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "415731005", "display" : "Toric photorefractive keratectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Toric PRK is a specific type of partial corneal tissue removal using an excimer laser to correct astigmatism. BBB.JJ.AA covers all forms of partial corneal excision regardless of method (laser vs. surgical), purpose (refractive vs. other), or pattern (toric vs. spherical). ICHI lacks a specific code for laser refractive procedures." }] }, { "code" : "225618006", "display" : "Washing eye prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers all management activities for ocular prosthetics (fitting, adjusting, cleaning, maintenance), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to washing the prosthesis. The ICHI code is semantically broader since washing is one specific type of prosthetic management." }] }, { "code" : "225619003", "display" : "Washing orbital prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers the broader management of all ocular prosthetics, while the SNOMED concept specifies only the washing activity for a specific type (orbital prosthesis). The ICHI code is wider in both action scope (management vs. washing) and device scope (all ocular prosthetics vs. orbital prosthesis)." }] }, { "code" : "425604002", "display" : "Case management follow up", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Case coordination\" encompasses the full scope of coordinating and managing a person's case across health services, including follow-up as well as initial coordination and other tasks. The SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the follow-up component, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "183651009", "display" : "Chemotherapy follow-up", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any medications and is the closest ICHI match to chemotherapy follow-up, which fundamentally involves assessing a patient's chemotherapy regimen. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to all medication assessments (not specifically chemotherapy) and does not capture the follow-up encounter context." }] }, { "code" : "870191006", "display" : "Follow up for depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers assessment of all emotional functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets follow-up for depression. It does not specify depression as the condition nor distinguish follow-up from an initial assessment, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "281036007", "display" : "Follow-up consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which encompasses follow-up consultations but also initial and other encounter types. ICHI lacks a specific \"follow-up\" qualifier, so this broader code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "185389009", "display" : "Follow-up visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for follow-up visits; PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers all unspecified health management encounters at the whole-person level, which subsumes follow-up visits but also includes any other type of health management encounter." }] }, { "code" : "185320006", "display" : "Encounter by computer link", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI handles telehealth through extension codes rather than assignable intervention codes. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter code, which encompasses all encounter types including remote ones but does not specify the computer/telehealth delivery mode." }] }, { "code" : "445450000", "display" : "Encounter by short message service text messaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically representing an SMS/text messaging encounter. PZB.ZY.ZY is a residual category covering health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which subsumes text-messaging encounters but is much broader, lacking any specificity about the communication modality." }] }, { "code" : "308720009", "display" : "Letter encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a letter-based or written correspondence encounter. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other\" encounter category that would encompass a letter encounter among other unclassified encounter types, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "719407002", "display" : "Remote non-verbal consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for remote or non-verbal consultations. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"not elsewhere classified\" code for health management encounters, encompassing any encounter type not otherwise classified, without specifying the remote or non-verbal modality." }] }, { "code" : "448337001", "display" : "Telemedicine consultation with patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ captures the core clinical activity of a general consultation with a patient but does not specify the telemedicine delivery mode. ICHI represents telehealth as an extension code (BlockL1-XG6) rather than a standalone intervention, so the base code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically requires telemedicine delivery." }] }, { "code" : "185317003", "display" : "Telephone encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for telephone-based encounters. PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures the general concept of a health management encounter but is broader because it does not specify the telephone modality. The telephone aspect would require the Telehealth extension code XG9S10 as a modifier." }] }, { "code" : "763184009", "display" : "Telepractice consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a standalone intervention code for telepractice consultations. \"Telehealth\" exists only as an extension code block (BlockL1-XG6) used as a modifier, not an independent category. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest standalone code but is wider as it covers any unspecified health management encounter regardless of modality." }] }, { "code" : "453131000124105", "display" : "Videotelephony encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for videotelephony encounters. The Telehealth concept (BlockL1-XG6) exists only as an extension code modifier. PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers a general health encounter but is wider because it encompasses all unspecified health management encounters regardless of delivery modality." }] }, { "code" : "65200003", "display" : "Insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DL.AC covers the insertion of any device into the uterus, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to an intrauterine contraceptive device. ICHI uses post-coordination with an extension code to achieve full specificity, but the stem code alone is wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "702633005", "display" : "Counseling for intrauterine device contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUD.PP.ZZ covers all counselling related to fertility functions, including contraception. The SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifies both the contraceptive method (IUD) and the purpose (contraception), whereas the ICHI code encompasses all fertility counselling including infertility, assisted reproduction, and all contraceptive methods." }] }, { "code" : "225261004", "display" : "Feeling stem of intrauterine device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AE.AC", "display" : "Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for checking IUD threads/strings. NMS.AE.AC covers internal gynaecological examination procedures that lack a more specific code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all unclassified internal gynaecological examinations, whereas the SNOMED concept is narrowly about feeling the IUD stem to verify positioning." }] }, { "code" : "225259008", "display" : "Retrieval of lost thread of intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the broader procedure of transvaginally removing an internal device or foreign body from the uterus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes only the retrieval of a lost IUD thread — a more limited intervention that is a subset of or precursor to full device removal." }] }, { "code" : "439986000", "display" : "Determination of acetylation rate", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for acetylation rate determination or pharmacogenetic enzyme testing. ETB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a broad category covering assessments of metabolic functions, which subsumes the specific determination of NAT2 enzyme acetylation rate. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all general metabolic function assessments, not just acetylation rate testing." }] }, { "code" : "431996007", "display" : "CT guided laser decompression of spinal disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all forms of percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc at any spinal level, which subsumes the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser modality or the CT guidance that the SNOMED concept explicitly includes." }] }, { "code" : "312709005", "display" : "Drainage of subretinal fluid through sclera using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.JB.AA correctly captures the clinical intent of draining subretinal fluid, which is a retinal intervention. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the surgical approach (through the sclera) or the instrument used (laser), both of which are explicit in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "426963003", "display" : "Endoscopic retrograde photodynamic laser therapy of lesion of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.GA.AD correctly captures the endoscopic approach and the destruction of a biliary duct lesion, matching the core intent of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the modality of destruction (photodynamic laser therapy) and also includes the sphincter of Oddi as a target." }] }, { "code" : "425713005", "display" : "Laser therapy of internal nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of intranasal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.GA.AC correctly targets the internal nose (intranasal) and uses the \"Destruction\" action which subsumes laser therapy. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all destruction modalities (not just laser) and specifies a lesion target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically laser therapy of the internal nose." }] }, { "code" : "309513005", "display" : "Cardiovascular therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single category code for \"cardiovascular therapy\" as a general concept. IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code for unspecified interventions on the circulatory system, but it is wider because it includes all intervention types (diagnostic, imaging, assessment) and not only therapeutic interventions." }] }, { "code" : "76334006", "display" : "Immunological therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB", "display" : "Immunological system function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB is the broadest ICHI category covering all interventions on immunological system function, which encompasses immunological therapy but also includes assessment, measurement, testing, vaccination, education, counselling, and support interventions. There is no single ICHI code for general \"immunological therapy\" without specifying route of administration." }] }, { "code" : "180242007", "display" : "Intramuscular gold therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for gold compound therapy or DMARDs. PZA.DB.AE covers all percutaneous pharmacotherapy administration, which includes intramuscular injection, but it is broader because it does not specify the drug (gold) or the specific percutaneous route (intramuscular vs. subcutaneous)." }] }, { "code" : "309516002", "display" : "Neurological therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to therapeutic interventions on the nervous system, while the ICHI code covers all unspecified interventions (not just therapy) on the nervous system and additionally includes mental functions, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "896971002", "display" : "Oncolytic viral therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for oncolytic viral therapy. DTB.DB.AE covers percutaneous administration of immunological agents, which encompasses oncolytic viral therapy (most commonly delivered via intralesional injection) but is broader as it includes all immunological agents administered percutaneously, not just oncolytic viruses." }] }, { "code" : "405612000", "display" : "Autonomic nerve plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for an autonomic nerve plexus block; it only offers region-specific anaesthetic injection codes for sympathetic nerves. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code covering interventions on the sympathetic nervous system without specifying region or intervention type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a nerve block." }] }, { "code" : "1340180005", "display" : "Insertion of endodontic endosseous implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DN.AC", "display" : "Prosthetic dental implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implants broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular subtype — an endodontic endosseous implant inserted through the root canal into alveolar bone to stabilize an existing tooth. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing all dental implant types including but not limited to this specific endodontic variant." }] }, { "code" : "134245004", "display" : "Roller ball diathermy of endometrium", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AD", "display" : "Endometrial ablation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.GA.AD covers all methods of endometrial ablation, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular technique (roller ball diathermy). The ICHI code is semantically broader because it does not distinguish the ablation method." }] }, { "code" : "1343328006", "display" : "Restoration of deciduous tooth with preformed stainless steel crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC captures the core intervention of tooth restoration but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies the tooth type (deciduous), the restoration method (preformed crown), and the material (stainless steel). ICHI extension codes for \"Dental crown\" and \"Metallic crown\" exist as device qualifiers but are not standalone intervention codes." }] }, { "code" : "1343329003", "display" : "Restoration of permanent tooth with preformed stainless steel crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC captures the core intervention of tooth restoration but is broader, as it does not specify the tooth type (permanent), the restoration method (crown), or the material (preformed stainless steel)." }] }, { "code" : "1345009008", "display" : "Caretaking skills promotion", "target" : [{ "code" : "SPD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in assisting others", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SPD.PH.ZZ covers the broader domain of building skills to help/care for others, which encompasses caretaking skills promotion. The ICHI code is wider because \"assisting others\" is more general than \"caretaking\" (which implies ongoing care responsibility), and \"training\" is one specific method of skills promotion." }] }, { "code" : "1351540008", "display" : "Neonatal transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting any person and is the only ICHI code representing medical patient transport. It is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the neonatal age group." }] }, { "code" : "1363355008", "display" : "Percutaneous fluoroscopic biliary drain cholangiography with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.BA.BB", "display" : "Cholangiography with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.BA.BB covers cholangiography with contrast medium on the bile duct, which is the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the percutaneous approach via an existing biliary drain or the use of fluoroscopic guidance, both of which are explicit qualifiers in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "14019005", "display" : "Diagnostic spinal drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AH.AE encompasses needle insertion into the spinal canal at the lumbar level for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies diagnostic intent only. Lumbar puncture is the standard clinical method for diagnostic spinal drainage but is not restricted to the diagnostic indication." }] }, { "code" : "14749004", "display" : "Puncture of ventricular shunt tubing", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Puncture of ventricular shunt tubing is a specific method of accessing an implanted shunt device, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of management of internal device of ventricles of brain. The ICHI code encompasses all forms of device management (adjustment, flushing, testing, accessing)." }] }, { "code" : "15711005", "display" : "Regular psychiatric visit, routine, established patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ captures the core clinical activity but is broader because it does not specify the visit context (routine, established patient, follow-up nature); any assessment of mental functions, whether initial or follow-up, inpatient or outpatient, would fall under this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "164817009", "display" : "Placental localization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placental localization is a specific ultrasound procedure to determine placental position within the uterus. ICHI has no dedicated placental imaging code; NMS.BA.BJ is the residual ultrasound code for the female genital tract (under which the placenta is classified in ICHI), making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "165163005", "display" : "Diagnostic dye to urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.BA.BB", "display" : "Retrograde cystourethrogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.BA.BB involves instillation of contrast dye into the urinary bladder for diagnostic imaging, directly corresponding to the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers both the bladder and urethra (cystourethrogram), whereas the SNOMED concept references only the bladder." }] }, { "code" : "165173007", "display" : "Hypnosis for diagnosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hypnosis or hypnotherapy. AT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global mental functions (including consciousness and awareness states that hypnosis targets) with a \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all assessments of global mental functions, not just those using hypnosis." }] }, { "code" : "16545005", "display" : "Surgical procedure on nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest residual code covering all interventions on the nervous system or mental functions. It is wider because it encompasses mental function interventions (not just nervous system) and all intervention types (not just surgical procedures)." }] }, { "code" : "168450005", "display" : "Forensic examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forensic-specific examination code. PZA.AE.AH captures the core clinical activity of a forensic examination but is broader because it encompasses all whole-body physical examinations regardless of purpose, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an examination performed for medico-legal/forensic purposes." }] }, { "code" : "16900000", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA correctly captures the action (replacement) and anatomical target (ventricles of brain) but uses the broader term \"ventricular device\" which encompasses shunts as well as other devices (e.g., reservoirs, monitors)." }] }, { "code" : "169148000", "display" : "Isotope static scan spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.BA.BE", "display" : "Spleen scan or function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DJA.BA.BE covers all spleen scans and function studies broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically refers to a static radioisotope scan. The ICHI code is wider, encompassing the SNOMED concept as one of several possible spleen scan types without distinguishing the imaging modality or technique." }] }, { "code" : "169206004", "display" : "In vivo neutron activation analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of body composition", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In vivo neutron activation analysis is a specific nuclear technique for measuring elemental body composition, while PZA.AA.ZZ encompasses all methods of body composition assessment (including IVNAA, DEXA, bioimpedance, etc.). The ICHI code correctly captures the clinical purpose but is broader because it does not specify the neutron activation method." }] }, { "code" : "169212009", "display" : "Infrared radiation in diagnosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.BA.BL", "display" : "Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for infrared/thermographic diagnostic imaging. PZX.BA.BL is a residual code covering all image capture and analysis modalities not classified elsewhere, which encompasses infrared diagnostic imaging but is semantically broader since it includes any unclassified imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "169276003", "display" : "Magnetic field for diagnosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to the use of magnetic fields as a diagnostic modality without specifying a body site. PZA.BA.BH is broader as it covers the whole body as a target. ICHI lacks a generic \"magnetic field diagnostic procedure, unspecified site\" intervention code." }] }, { "code" : "709551004", "display" : "CT guided nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve, which captures the core \"nerve block\" procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify CT guidance. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies CT image guidance (representable in ICHI via extension code XG2209), making the ICHI primary code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "27466009", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic nerve agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all methods of percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerves (chemical, radiofrequency, cryoablation, etc.), while the SNOMED concept specifically describes injection of a neurolytic (chemical destructive) agent. The ICHI code subsumes the most common clinical use of neurolytic nerve injection, warranting a \"wider\" equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "405611007", "display" : "Peripheral nerve plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets nerve plexuses (e.g., brachial, lumbar, sacral plexus). A peripheral nerve plexus block is a specific type of peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection, so the ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but is not limited to plexus targets." }] }, { "code" : "231264005", "display" : "Sympathetic nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes a nerve block (anaesthetic injection) of the sympathetic nervous system without specifying the anatomical region. ICHI has region-specific sympathetic nerve block codes (ADB.DC.AE cervical, ADC.DC.AE thoracic, ADD.DC.AE lumbar, ADE.DC.AE sacral) but no single non-region-specific nerve block code; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual code covering all interventions on the sympathetic nervous system, making it semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "427561000119104", "display" : "Intravenous radionuclide therapy using samarium Sm 153 lexidronam", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic/intravenous radionuclide therapy. PZA.DB.AF correctly captures the action (administering a pharmacological agent) and route (intravenous/percutaneous transluminal) at the whole-body level, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the radioactive nature of the substance, the specific agent, or the bone-targeting therapeutic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "303861004", "display" : "Nuclear medicine study of function", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic body-site-unspecified \"nuclear medicine functional study\" code. PZA.BA.BE is the most general radioisotope imaging code available, but its scope (\"whole body\") is broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to functional nuclear medicine studies at any site." }] }, { "code" : "303859008", "display" : "Nuclear medicine study of systems", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope/nuclear imaging of the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept of nuclear medicine study of body systems. The SNOMED concept implies nuclear medicine imaging directed at physiological organ systems, whereas the ICHI code encompasses any whole-body radioisotope scan regardless of whether specific systems are targeted." }] }, { "code" : "228699001", "display" : "Phosphorus 32 therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other specified interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for systemic radionuclide therapy with Phosphorus-32. DZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other specified\" code for interventions on the haematopoietic system, which is the correct target system for P-32 therapy (used to suppress myeloproliferation), making the ICHI code semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241414003", "display" : "Radiolabeled human immunoglobulin study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers all whole-body radioisotope scans regardless of the radiopharmaceutical used, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a scan using radiolabeled human immunoglobulin (IgG) as the tracer agent. The ICHI code is semantically broader because it encompasses any radioisotope whole-body scan, not just immunoglobulin-based studies." }] }, { "code" : "438816004", "display" : "Radiolabeled technetium 99m antibody therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the intravenous administration of any immunological agent, which encompasses the antibody component of this therapy. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the immunological agent is radiolabeled with Technetium-99m, nor does it capture the radiotherapeutic intent of the procedure. ICHI lacks a specific code for radioimmunotherapy or radiolabeled antibody therapy." }] }, { "code" : "431869005", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using metaiodobenzylguanidine", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE represents a radionuclide scan of the parathyroid gland, which covers the same target organ and imaging modality. However, the SNOMED concept specifies a particular radiopharmaceutical agent (metaiodobenzylguanidine/MIBG), a distinction not captured in the ICHI code. Therefore the ICHI code is broader (wider) than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "767607002", "display" : "Radionuclide measurement of leakage during isolated limb perfusion using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled erythrocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for radionuclide monitoring of limb perfusion leakage. IZE.BA.BA is the broadest applicable residual code for vascular imaging and subsumes the SNOMED concept, which is a specific type of nuclear medicine vascular imaging (Tc-99m labeled erythrocyte leakage detection during isolated limb perfusion). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of blood vessel imaging not elsewhere classified." }] }, { "code" : "433224001", "display" : "Radionuclide rhenium 186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for radionuclide-based bone destruction. MRB.GA.AA correctly captures the target (bone) and action (destruction) of Rhenium-186 HEDP therapy, but is wider because it does not specify the method as radionuclide/radiopharmaceutical therapy, nor the specific agent used." }] }, { "code" : "228693000", "display" : "Ruthenium 106 brachytherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all forms of radiotherapy to the posterior structures of the eyeball, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular brachytherapy technique using Ruthenium-106 plaques. The ICHI code is semantically broader as it does not distinguish between brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy, nor does it specify the radioisotope used." }] }, { "code" : "228701001", "display" : "Strontium 89 therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Strontium-89 therapy is a systemic radionuclide treatment that delivers targeted radiation to bone (primarily metastatic sites), achieving destruction of bone lesions. ICHI lacks a specific bone radiotherapy or systemic radionuclide therapy code; MRB.GA.AA captures the correct target (bone) and action (destruction) but is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide modality." }] }, { "code" : "408816000", "display" : "Artificial rupture of membranes", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes). NMM.FA.AC \"Surgical induction of labour\" is the closest match, sitting within the \"Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord\" block, but it is semantically wider because it encompasses all surgical methods of labour induction, not just amniotomy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "386234001", "display" : "Cesarean section care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Cesarean section care\" refers to the care regime associated with a cesarean section (including pre-, intra-, and post-operative management), while the ICHI code NME.JF.AA covers the broader intervention of performing a caesarean delivery. ICHI lacks a specific code for the care/management aspect alone, so the ICHI code is wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "359363006", "display" : "Evacuation of hematoma in obstetric incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for evacuation of haematoma at an obstetric incision site. PAW.JB.AA (\"Drainage of perineum\") is the best match because the most common obstetric incision is an episiotomy (perineal site), and drainage encompasses haematoma evacuation; however, it is broader as it covers any perineal drainage, not specifically haematoma evacuation at an obstetric incision." }] }, { "code" : "386811000", "display" : "Fetal procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR", "display" : "Fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR is the broadest codeable ICHI category covering interventions on fetal or embryonic structures, which encompasses the SNOMED concept \"Fetal procedure\" but is wider because it also includes embryonic structures (not just fetal). No single ICHI code exists for fetal-only procedures without the embryonic scope." }] }, { "code" : "271992004", "display" : "Obstetric investigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pregnancy-related functions, which is broader than \"obstetric investigation\" since it encompasses all pregnancy function assessments, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes investigative/diagnostic procedures within obstetric care." }] }, { "code" : "386638009", "display" : "Obstetric operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code or block for \"obstetric operation\" as a general concept. Obstetric surgical procedures in ICHI are distributed across child blocks of NMA. NMA is the nearest encompassing grouper but is wider because it also includes non-obstetric gynaecological interventions." }] }, { "code" : "265641004", "display" : "Packing to control postnatal vaginal bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DK.AC", "display" : "Tamponade of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Tamponade of vagina\" is clinically synonymous with vaginal packing and targets the correct anatomical site (vagina), but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the postnatal context or the indication of bleeding control, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly restricts the procedure to controlling postnatal vaginal bleeding." }] }, { "code" : "303720006", "display" : "Sampling of chorionic villus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chorionic villus sampling is a specific type of placental biopsy (the chorionic villi are part of the placenta), so the ICHI code encompasses CVS but is semantically broader, covering any biopsy of placental tissue and not exclusively the chorionic villi." }] }, { "code" : "718676006", "display" : "Management of outpatient discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific discharge management code. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual health management encounter category, which encompasses discharge management but is broader and does not specify the outpatient context." }] }, { "code" : "866149003", "display" : "Annual visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"General health assessment\" on the whole person captures the core clinical activity of an annual visit, but is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of periodicity or scheduling context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a yearly scheduled encounter." }] }, { "code" : "185349003", "display" : "Encounter for check up", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"General health assessment\" in ICHI covers the broad activity of assessing a person's overall health, which subsumes the specific purpose of a \"check up\" encounter. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of encounter context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a check-up encounter type." }] }, { "code" : "711458003", "display" : "Encounter for fitness for duty exam", "target" : [{ "code" : "SUG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in remunerative employment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SUG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of a person's ability to engage in remunerative (paid) employment, which encompasses fitness-for-duty evaluations. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it includes any type of employment engagement assessment, not specifically a medical fitness/clearance examination mandated to determine duty readiness." }] }, { "code" : "185347001", "display" : "Encounter for problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI match as it represents a generic health management encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers any unspecified encounter type, whereas \"Encounter for problem\" specifically denotes an encounter motivated by a presenting health problem." }] }, { "code" : "185346005", "display" : "Encounter for sign", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for an encounter related to evaluating a clinical sign. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other encounter\" code under the whole-person interventions block, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any health management encounter not classified elsewhere, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically an encounter for the purpose of evaluating a sign." }] }, { "code" : "439708006", "display" : "Home visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not classify interventions by care setting (home vs. clinic), so there is no specific \"home visit\" code. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as it represents a general health encounter on the whole person, but it is semantically wider because it encompasses any health management encounter regardless of location, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes an encounter occurring at the patient's home." }] }, { "code" : "90526000", "display" : "Initial evaluation and management of healthy individual", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessments of the whole person, which semantically encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the assessment is an \"initial\" encounter or that the individual is \"healthy\" — it applies to any general health assessment regardless of timing or patient status." }] }, { "code" : "270424005", "display" : "Letter encounter from patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for letter-based or written correspondence encounters. PZB.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other\" encounter code that would encompass a letter encounter from a patient, but it is broader because it covers all health management encounters not elsewhere classified, not specifically letter-based encounters." }] }, { "code" : "185321005", "display" : "Letter encounter to patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for letter-based or written communication encounters with patients. PZB.ZY.ZY is the most appropriate residual category for health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which encompasses letter encounters but is semantically much broader, covering any encounter type that lacks a specific ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "19681004", "display" : "Nursing evaluation of patient and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers a general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses the clinical assessment component of a nursing evaluation. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the provider role (nurse) and does not explicitly include the documentation/report component that is integral to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "3391000175108", "display" : "Office visit for pediatric care and assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no pediatric-specific visit or assessment code. PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" is the closest match as it represents a comprehensive health assessment of the whole person, which aligns with the core purpose of a pediatric care and assessment visit. However, it is wider because it is not restricted to the pediatric population or the office visit setting." }] }, { "code" : "270427003", "display" : "Patient-initiated encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish encounters by initiator (patient vs. provider). PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest match as a general health management encounter category, but it is semantically wider because it covers all health management encounters regardless of how they were initiated, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically identifies encounters initiated by the patient." }] }, { "code" : "86013001", "display" : "Periodic reevaluation and management of healthy individual", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessments of the whole person, which encompasses the periodic reevaluation described in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specifically restrict to periodic/scheduled encounters, healthy individuals, or ongoing management — it applies to any general health assessment regardless of context." }] }, { "code" : "440168007", "display" : "Provision of copy of letter from specialist to patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "SBH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with acquiring information", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code SBH.RB.ZZ covers practical support with acquiring information in general, which encompasses providing a patient with a copy of a specialist letter as one specific form of facilitating information access. However, the ICHI code is significantly broader, covering any form of practical support for information acquisition, not specifically the provision of clinical correspondence." }] }, { "code" : "185463005", "display" : "Visit out of hours", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no codes that capture the timing context of a health encounter (such as \"out of hours\"). PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents any unspecified health management encounter, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes a visit occurring outside normal working hours." }] }, { "code" : "428494000", "display" : "Injection of filtering bleb following glaucoma surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into subconjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code \"Injection into subconjunctiva\" covers the anatomical procedure (subconjunctival injection) that corresponds to injecting a filtering bleb, but it is broader because it encompasses all subconjunctival injections regardless of clinical context, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to injections targeting a filtering bleb in a post-glaucoma surgery setting." }] }, { "code" : "394895009", "display" : "Postoperative chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific chemotherapy or antineoplastic therapy code. PZA.DB.AZ covers general pharmacotherapy administration without specifying drug type, route, or timing, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy for cancer treatment." }] }, { "code" : "396768006", "display" : "Postoperative drainage of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of thyroid gland by incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.JB.AA matches the target anatomy (thyroid gland) and the therapeutic action (drainage by incision), but it is wider because it does not restrict the procedure to a postoperative context. The SNOMED concept specifically denotes drainage performed after a prior thyroid surgery, whereas the ICHI code covers drainage of the thyroid gland by incision in any clinical setting." }] }, { "code" : "439740005", "display" : "Postoperative follow-up visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for postoperative follow-up visits. PZB.ZY.ZY is the closest match as a residual category for health management encounters not classified elsewhere, which would encompass a postoperative follow-up visit. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any unclassified health management encounter, not specifically postoperative follow-up." }] }, { "code" : "396769003", "display" : "Postoperative thyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.AE.AA", "display" : "Reopening of previous thyroid surgery site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Postoperative thyroidotomy\" is specifically an incision of the thyroid gland performed after a prior surgery, while EBA.AE.AA captures the postoperative re-entry concept but is broader — it encompasses any reopening of the thyroid surgical field, not exclusively an incision into the thyroid gland itself." }] }, { "code" : "722501003", "display" : "Postoperative urine specimen collection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection in any clinical context, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the postoperative setting. ICHI has no postoperative qualifier, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711026003", "display" : "Identification of abnormal body part before perioperative positioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of body part, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AA.AH is a general residual category for assessing any body part for any purpose, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of identifying an abnormal body part specifically in the perioperative context before positioning. The ICHI code lacks the perioperative timing qualifier, the abnormality focus, and the relationship to surgical positioning." }] }, { "code" : "445061001", "display" : "Preoperative counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for preoperative counselling. PZB.PP.ZZ is the general residual counselling code covering counselling activities on the whole person that are not classified elsewhere, which subsumes preoperative counselling as one of many possible counselling contexts." }] }, { "code" : "6862005", "display" : "Preoperative education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education in looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no preoperative-specific education code. SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match as preoperative education is a specific instance of educating patients about managing their health, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all health self-care education without the surgical/preoperative context." }] }, { "code" : "24200008", "display" : "Calculus analysis, quantitative, X-ray diffraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for calculus composition analysis or X-ray diffraction of specimens. NAN.AA.ZZ is the broadest applicable residual code covering assessments of the urinary system not elsewhere classified, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of a calculus." }] }, { "code" : "274383005", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a general non-site-specific \"diagnostic aspiration\" code. PZX.AH.ZZ captures the diagnostic sampling intent at an unspecified body site, but it is broader because it encompasses all methods of specimen collection, not just aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "426395009", "display" : "Diagnostic audiology", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assessment of hearing functions broadly covers evaluating hearing, which encompasses diagnostic audiology. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all hearing assessments (diagnostic, screening, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diagnostic-purpose audiological evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "274311002", "display" : "Diagnostic catheterization of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD covers the insertion of any device into the urinary bladder, which encompasses catheterization but is broader: it is not limited to catheters specifically, and it does not specify a diagnostic purpose. No ICHI code exists for diagnostic urinary catheterization specifically." }] }, { "code" : "76810006", "display" : "Diagnostic dilation and curettage of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code NME.JE.AC describes the identical procedure (dilatation and curettage of the uterus) but does not distinguish between diagnostic and therapeutic intent, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to diagnostic D&C." }] }, { "code" : "230870000", "display" : "Diagnostic drainage from ventricle of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.JB.AA matches the target anatomy (ventricles of brain) and action (drainage) exactly, but it does not distinguish diagnostic from therapeutic intent, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies diagnostic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "89917004", "display" : "Diagnostic injection of sinus tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for sinogram/fistulogram (diagnostic contrast injection into a sinus tract). LZZ.DB.AE covers the injection action into the anatomical region where sinus tracts occur but is broader because it encompasses any injection purpose and any skin/subcutaneous target, not specifically a sinus tract." }] }, { "code" : "252922007", "display" : "Diagnostic injection of vasoactive agent into corpus cavernosum of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific pharmacological test (intracavernosal injection to assess erectile function), which falls under the broader ICHI category \"Test of sexual functions.\" ICHI lacks a specific code for intracavernosal injection testing, making NUA.AC.ZZ the most appropriate but wider match." }] }, { "code" : "789680000", "display" : "Diagnostic intravenous injection of edrophonium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a pharmacological challenge that specifically tests muscle power by assessing improvement after anticholinesterase injection. MUB.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all methods of testing muscle power without specifying the diagnostic intravenous drug injection mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "265232001", "display" : "Diagnostic lumbar puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code ABG.AH.AE covers the lumbar puncture procedure in general without distinguishing between diagnostic and therapeutic intent, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the procedure as diagnostic. The ICHI code therefore has a wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "303606009", "display" : "Diagnostic percutaneous examination of placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.AD.AD covers biopsy of placenta by any approach, while the SNOMED concept specifically requires a percutaneous approach. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader, encompassing the SNOMED concept but also including non-percutaneous methods such as transcervical biopsy." }] }, { "code" : "265155008", "display" : "Diagnostic puncture of sternum", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A diagnostic puncture of the sternum is clinically performed to sample bone marrow for diagnostic purposes. DGA.AD.AE is the best semantic match but is wider because it does not specify the sternum as the anatomical site — it covers bone marrow biopsy from any location (e.g., iliac crest, sternum, tibia)." }] }, { "code" : "35597003", "display" : "Epidural injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, lumbar, continuous", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal, which anatomically encompasses the epidural space. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the epidural space from the intrathecal space, does not specify the lumbar region, does not indicate a diagnostic purpose, and does not capture the continuous delivery method." }] }, { "code" : "5785009", "display" : "Forensic autopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single generic \"Autopsy\" code with no sub-classification by purpose. The SNOMED concept specifies a forensic/medicolegal autopsy, which is a specific type of autopsy, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "446185002", "display" : "Forensic computed tomography", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forensic-specific CT code. PZA.BA.BC captures the imaging modality (CT) and the typical whole-body target used in forensic CT, but it is wider because it does not specify the forensic/medicolegal context that distinguishes the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446186001", "display" : "Forensic magnetic resonance imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forensic-specific imaging codes. PZA.BA.BH captures the MRI modality applied broadly (whole body), which is the typical scope of forensic MRI, but it lacks the forensic/medicolegal context qualifier, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "446815007", "display" : "Implantation of electrode into brain using stereotactic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AE covers percutaneous placement of any device into the brain, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept of implanting an electrode using stereotactic guidance. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the device type (electrode), the permanence of placement, or the guidance method (stereotactic)." }] }, { "code" : "171434007", "display" : "Health promotion", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on health-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"health promotion\" code. VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest unspecified category under \"Interventions on health-related behaviours,\" which encompasses the types of activities involved in health promotion (education, awareness raising, counselling, lifestyle interventions). However, VFZ.ZZ.ZZ is wider because it covers any unspecified health-related behavioural intervention, not specifically promotional activities aimed at empowering individuals to improve their health." }] }, { "code" : "171514009", "display" : "Creation of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.DN.AA covers the implantation of any internal device into the brain ventricles, which encompasses a subcutaneous CSF reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir) as a specific type of such device. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the reservoir type or subcutaneous placement, but the target anatomy (ventricles of brain) and action (implantation of device) are correct." }] }, { "code" : "171520005", "display" : "Insertion of antisyphon device into ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes the specific insertion of an anti-siphon valve component into an existing ventricular shunt, whereas the ICHI code AAE.SN.AA covers any management activity on internal devices of the ventricles of the brain, making it semantically broader. ICHI has no code that specifically captures adding an accessory device to an existing ventricular shunt." }] }, { "code" : "176377006", "display" : "Diathermy of urethral caruncle", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra by any method, which subsumes diathermy of a urethral caruncle. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the particular destructive modality (diathermy) or the specific lesion type (caruncle), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to both." }] }, { "code" : "176996001", "display" : "Endoscopic intrafallopian transfer of gamete", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.DH.AB", "display" : "Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.DH.AB covers all reproductive transfer procedures on the fallopian tube, which directly encompasses gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach or that the transferred material is specifically gametes (as opposed to zygotes or embryos), making it a wider concept than the SNOMED term which is specific to endoscopic gamete transfer." }] }, { "code" : "177064004", "display" : "Diathermy of lesion of uterosacral ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uterosacral ligament is a supporting structure of the uterus, and diathermy is a form of destruction, so NME.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code. However, it is wider because NME.GA.AA covers destruction of the entire uterus and all its supporting structures, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets only a lesion on the uterosacral ligament." }] }, { "code" : "178100006", "display" : "Aspiration of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aspiration of a ganglion cyst is a percutaneous drainage procedure on a soft tissue structure (ganglion cysts arise from joint capsules or tendon sheaths). The ICHI code is wider because it covers percutaneous drainage of any soft tissue at any unspecified site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets ganglion cysts — a particular type of soft tissue lesion." }] }, { "code" : "178101005", "display" : "Drainage of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for drainage of a ganglion cyst. MRS.JB.AA correctly captures the drainage action on a soft tissue structure (ganglion), but is broader because it covers drainage of any soft tissue, not specifically ganglion cysts. The SNOMED concept does not specify a body site, matching the \"unspecified site\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "178108004", "display" : "Injection of sclerosing agent into ganglion cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code MRS.DB.AE captures the correct action (injection) and general anatomical domain (soft tissue within the musculoskeletal system) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the sclerosing nature of the agent, the ganglion cyst target, or a specific anatomical site. ICHI lacks a specific code for injection of a sclerosing/destructive agent into a ganglion cyst or tendon sheath lesion." }] }, { "code" : "178219007", "display" : "Muscle operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code for a generic muscle operation; MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the musculoskeletal system chapter, which is broader than muscle alone as it also encompasses bones, joints, tendons, and soft tissue. It is the closest assignable ICHI code to the generic SNOMED concept \"Muscle operation.\"" }] }, { "code" : "178689009", "display" : "Primary collar stabilization of cervical spine fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cervical external immobilisation device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LC.AH covers the application of any cervical external immobilisation device (including collars, braces, and other non-percutaneous devices) without specifying the clinical indication, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about applying a collar for cervical spine fracture stabilization. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178695005", "display" : "Revision to collar stabilization of cervical spine fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cervical external immobilisation device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LC.AH correctly identifies the body site (cervical spine) and the intervention type (external immobilisation device, i.e., a collar), but it represents the general application of such a device rather than specifically a revision procedure. ICHI lacks a dedicated cervical-specific revision/replacement code for external immobilisation devices, so this broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "178701004", "display" : "Primary closed reduction cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LD.AH captures the core procedure — closed reduction of the cervical spine — but does not include the collar stabilization component, which ICHI classifies separately as MBA.LC.AH. Because the ICHI code covers the reduction but omits the immobilization step, it is semantically broader (wider) than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both reduction and collar stabilization together." }] }, { "code" : "178708005", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LD.AH covers the core procedure (closed reduction of the cervical spine) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture that this is a revision procedure (ICHI uses separate extension code XG3J07 for revision), does not specify fracture as the indication, and does not include the collar stabilization component (separately coded as MBA.LC.AH in ICHI)." }] }, { "code" : "178715002", "display" : "Primary open reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LD.AA exactly matches the primary surgical component (open reduction of cervical spine) but does not capture the additional collar stabilization aspect described in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore wider, covering open reduction without specifying the adjunct external immobilisation (collar) stabilization procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178722005", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of cervical spine fracture and collar stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LD.AA captures the core surgical action (open reduction of the cervical spine) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not convey that this is a revision procedure (ICHI handles this via extension code XG3J07) nor does it include the collar stabilization component (which would require a separate code MBA.LC.AH)." }] }, { "code" : "179208004", "display" : "Apply Thomas splint traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Thomas splint is an external immobilisation/traction device applied specifically to the femur for fracture management. ICHI code MLB.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the femur, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies one particular device type (Thomas splint) and mechanism (traction)." }] }, { "code" : "183036001", "display" : "Female infertility therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NUD", "display" : "Interventions on functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on functions related to fertility\" is broader than \"Female infertility therapy\" because it covers all fertility-related interventions (including male fertility and non-therapeutic interventions like assessment and education), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about therapeutic interventions for female infertility. No single ICHI category-level code exists that captures the broad concept of female infertility therapy." }] }, { "code" : "9166009", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic substance, diagnostic, subarachnoid, continuous", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal generally, which encompasses the subarachnoid space but does not specify the subarachnoid compartment, the diagnostic purpose, or the continuous delivery modality present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445839007", "display" : "Insertion of nasogastric feeding tube using endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AD correctly captures the endoscopic approach and insertion of a device into the stomach, matching the core action and target of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers any endoscopic device insertion into the stomach (not specifically a nasogastric feeding tube), and does not specify the nasal route or the feeding purpose." }] }, { "code" : "870384002", "display" : "Point of care ultrasound", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.BA.BL", "display" : "Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"point of care ultrasound\" code; all ICHI ultrasound codes are body-site-specific. PZX.BA.BL is the residual imaging intervention code under \"Interventions on any site, not elsewhere classified,\" making it the most appropriate catch-all, but it is wider because it covers any imaging modality (not just ultrasound) and any context (not specifically point-of-care)." }] }, { "code" : "787910000", "display" : "Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test using arm ergometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CPET is a test of exercise tolerance functions, making HTM.AC.ZZ the closest ICHI match. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the preoperative context, the cardiopulmonary focus (gas exchange/VO2 measurement), or the specific modality (arm ergometer) that the SNOMED concept captures." }] }, { "code" : "789687002", "display" : "Scleral depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scleral depression is a specific technique used during indirect ophthalmoscopy to examine the peripheral retina. ICHI lacks a specific code for ophthalmoscopy or retinal examination; BZA.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for eye procedures not elsewhere classified, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252939009", "display" : "Ultrasound scan for follicle monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific ultrasound code for the ovary or for follicle monitoring. NMS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the entire female genital tract, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that targets specifically ovarian follicle monitoring via ultrasound." }] }, { "code" : "225270001", "display" : "Chemical male castration", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for chemical castration or androgen deprivation therapy. PZA.DB.AE is the best available match because chemical castration is typically delivered via percutaneous injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular GnRH agonists/antagonists), but this ICHI code is significantly broader, covering all percutaneous pharmacotherapy regardless of therapeutic purpose or target organ." }] }, { "code" : "228603009", "display" : "Adjusting of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for \"adjusting\" an external immobilisation device. PZX.KB.AH uses the KB action (\"Change of assistive product\") applied to external immobilisation devices at an unspecified body site, but \"replacement\" is semantically broader than \"adjustment,\" encompassing full device changes beyond mere repositioning or refitting." }] }, { "code" : "287630006", "display" : "Immobilization by splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH is the best match as it explicitly covers splint application without specifying a body site, directly aligning with the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code also encompasses cast application, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited specifically to splinting." }] }, { "code" : "228601006", "display" : "Prescription of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no splint-specific prescription code. UAD.TI.ZZ correctly captures the action (prescription) and the target domain (products/technology for personal daily living use, which includes orthopedic splints), but it is broader because it covers all products for daily living, not just splints." }] }, { "code" : "228597006", "display" : "Provision of collar", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cervical external immobilisation device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cervical collar is one type of cervical external immobilisation device. MBA.LC.AH encompasses all cervical external immobilisation devices (collars, halo braces, rigid fixators, etc.), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to provision of a collar." }] }, { "code" : "230881002", "display" : "Aspiration of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all methods of specimen collection from the brain ventricles, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes aspiration via a subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir (e.g., Ommaya or Rickham reservoir). ICHI does not distinguish the access route through an implanted subcutaneous device." }] }, { "code" : "230883004", "display" : "Injection of substance into subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for injection into a ventricular CSF reservoir. AAE.SN.AA correctly targets the ventricles of brain and encompasses interactions with an implanted device such as a subcutaneous CSF reservoir, but \"management of internal device\" is semantically broader than the specific act of injecting a substance through the reservoir." }] }, { "code" : "230882009", "display" : "Irrigation of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes irrigation (flushing) of a subcutaneous CSF reservoir, which is one particular maintenance action on one type of ventricular device. AAE.SN.AA encompasses all forms of management of any internal device of the ventricles of brain, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "304918005", "display" : "Removal of subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A subcutaneous CSF reservoir is a ventricular access device with a catheter placed in the brain ventricles. AAE.JD.AA correctly targets removal of an internal device from the ventricles, but is wider because it encompasses removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ventricles, not specifically a subcutaneous CSF reservoir." }] }, { "code" : "278446003", "display" : "Aspiration of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aspiration of a ventricular shunt is primarily performed to collect CSF specimens via the shunt device. AAE.AH.XE covers specimen collection from the ventricles of brain, which encompasses this procedure but is broader — it does not specify collection via the shunt and includes any method of specimen collection from the ventricles." }] }, { "code" : "450335000", "display" : "Attention to cerebroventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically addresses care/attention to a cerebroventricular shunt, while the ICHI code covers management of any internal device of the ventricles of the brain (not limited to shunts), encompassing the SNOMED concept but also potentially covering other ventricular devices." }] }, { "code" : "88851005", "display" : "Cerebral ventricular to thoracic cavity shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunts regardless of distal drainage site, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes a shunt to the thoracic (pleural) cavity. ICHI does not distinguish ventricular shunts by destination." }] }, { "code" : "230876006", "display" : "Change of distal catheter site of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific revision procedure (changing the distal catheter site of a ventricular shunt), while AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "713040008", "display" : "Change of pump pressure of ventricular shunt using external device", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on any internal device in the brain ventricles, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes adjusting the pump pressure of a ventricular shunt using an external device. The ICHI code is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "82208009", "display" : "Creation of spinal shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.LI.AA covers the same anatomical target (spinal canal) and the same action (shunt creation), but does not specify \"with valve\" — it encompasses all spinal shunts regardless of whether a valve is included, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "288846002", "display" : "CSF shunt removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ventricles of the brain, which encompasses CSF shunt removal but is broader because it also includes removal of other devices and foreign bodies from this anatomical location." }] }, { "code" : "286858009", "display" : "CSF valve removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain ventricles, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically refers to removal of a CSF (shunt) valve. The target anatomy and action are correct, but the ICHI code is not specific to shunt valves." }] }, { "code" : "281590006", "display" : "Exteriorization of brain ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Exteriorization of a ventricular shunt is a specific form of managing an existing internal device in the brain ventricles (converting the shunt's distal end from internal to external drainage). AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on ventricular internal devices and is therefore broader than the specific exteriorization procedure." }] }, { "code" : "183920000", "display" : "Routine admission to hospice", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hospice admission or palliative care admission. UEP.TI.ZZ (\"Referral to health provider\") is the closest match as it captures the act of directing a patient to a health service, but it is semantically broader since it encompasses referrals to any type of health provider, not specifically hospice facilities for end-of-life care." }] }, { "code" : "225069005", "display" : "Removing dentures", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removable dentures are external prosthetic appliances of the teeth, and removing them is one specific activity within the broader concept of \"management of external appliance of tooth.\" The ICHI code encompasses all management activities (fitting, adjusting, cleaning, removing) for external dental appliances, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "225100009", "display" : "Replacing dentures", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dentures are removable external prosthetic appliances for teeth, and reinserting/replacing them is a management activity for such an appliance. KAE.SM.AC is broader because it encompasses all management activities for any external tooth appliance, not just the act of reinserting dentures." }] }, { "code" : "225115005", "display" : "Milking drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for drain milking (stripping a drain tube to maintain patency). LZZ.SN.AE covers all forms of internal device management in the integumentary system, which is broader than the specific act of milking a drain tube." }] }, { "code" : "225147000", "display" : "Soaking skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Soaking skin is a specific method of externally applying a liquid (water or medicated solution) to the skin surface for therapeutic purposes. LZZ.DB.AH covers all forms of external application of substances to skin, which is semantically broader than the specific act of soaking." }] }, { "code" : "225179009", "display" : "Fitting stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers the general management of stomas not elsewhere classified, which encompasses fitting a stoma appliance as one component activity among other management tasks (e.g., cleaning, skin care, appliance changing). ICHI does not have a dedicated code for stoma appliance fitting alone." }] }, { "code" : "225183009", "display" : "Changing stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes the act of changing an external stoma appliance (bag/pouch), while PTD.SN.AC encompasses all stoma management activities including but not limited to appliance changes, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "225186001", "display" : "Removing stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for removing a stoma appliance. PTD.SN.AC covers overall stoma management, which encompasses appliance removal as one component activity among others (such as cleaning, replacement, and skin care), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "394591000119102", "display" : "Fluoroscopic guided shuntogram of indwelling nonvascular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BB", "display" : "Contrast radiogram of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.BA.BB covers all contrast radiographic imaging of the brain, which subsumes the more specific shuntogram procedure (a fluoroscopic contrast study of an indwelling CSF shunt). ICHI lacks a specific code for shuntography or contrast imaging of an implanted shunt device." }] }, { "code" : "737090000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of cerebral ventriculoatrial shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of distal drainage site or imaging guidance. The SNOMED concept specifies both the ventriculoatrial destination and fluoroscopic guidance, neither of which ICHI distinguishes." }] }, { "code" : "230877002", "display" : "Injection of substance into ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for injection via a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers management of an internal device in the brain ventricles, which encompasses injecting substances through a ventricular shunt but includes all device management activities." }] }, { "code" : "6737003", "display" : "Irrigation of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for irrigation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, which subsumes shunt irrigation as a specific type of device management." }] }, { "code" : "699795006", "display" : "Ligation of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ligation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers management of internal devices in the ventricles of the brain, which encompasses ligation as one specific type of device management activity." }] }, { "code" : "240286000", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of ventriculoamniotic shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunt procedures generally without specifying the fetal context, percutaneous approach, or amniotic cavity as the drainage destination. ICHI lacks a dedicated fetal ventricular shunt code." }] }, { "code" : "445515006", "display" : "Plain X-ray of cerebrospinal fluid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for X-ray of a CSF shunt. MAA.BA.BA is the closest match as a plain X-ray of a CSF shunt primarily images the skull to assess proximal catheter and valve position, but the ICHI code covers any skull radiograph regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "442432004", "display" : "Revision of ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers management (including revision, adjustment, and repositioning) of any internal device in the ventricles of the brain. It is wider because it applies to any ventricular device and does not specify the peritoneal drainage destination." }] }, { "code" : "57598003", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to bone marrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA represents a generic ventricular shunt without specifying the distal drainage site. The SNOMED concept specifically identifies bone marrow as the distal target, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "25600005", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to cervical subarachnoid space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA correctly captures the source (ventricles of brain) and the action (shunt/diversion of CSF), but does not specify the cervical subarachnoid space as the drainage target." }] }, { "code" : "82762009", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to circulatory system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of destination (peritoneal, atrial, pleural), while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a shunt to the circulatory system (ventriculoatrial/ventriculovenous)." }] }, { "code" : "39827007", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to intracerebral site", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of the distal drainage destination, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically restricts the shunt to an intracerebral site." }] }, { "code" : "87180001", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to urinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all types of ventricular CSF shunts regardless of distal drainage site. The SNOMED concept specifies the urinary system as the drainage target, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "47074005", "display" : "Ventriculocholecystostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular CSF shunt procedures regardless of distal drainage site, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies the gallbladder as the shunt destination." }] }, { "code" : "239222007", "display" : "Exploration of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ganglion is a cystic lesion arising from a tendon sheath or joint capsule. MRT.AE.AA covers exploration of the tendon sheath at an unspecified site, which encompasses exploration of ganglion cysts but also any other tendon sheath exploration." }] }, { "code" : "408885009", "display" : "Breastfeeding support education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.PM.ZZ covers education targeting breastfeeding behaviours generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes education that supports breastfeeding. The ICHI code is semantically broader but closely aligned." }] }, { "code" : "438650006", "display" : "Dietary education for breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours broadly, which encompasses dietary education for breastfeeding as one aspect. The SNOMED concept is narrower, targeting specifically the dietary/nutritional dimension." }] }, { "code" : "431786005", "display" : "Encouraging rooting reflex", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Encouraging the rooting reflex is a specific hands-on technique to help a newborn latch for breastfeeding. VEH.RB.ZZ encompasses all forms of practical support with breastfeeding behaviours, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "43141007", "display" : "Inhibition of lactation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUH", "display" : "Lactation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for lactation inhibition or suppression. NUH (\"Lactation\") is the broadest category encompassing all interventions on lactation, but no therapeutic suppression code exists, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "431868002", "display" : "Initiation of breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.RB.ZZ covers hands-on practical support for breastfeeding at any stage, which encompasses initiation but is broader because it is not limited to the initial establishment of breastfeeding." }] }, { "code" : "712554001", "display" : "Liaising with patient on breastfeeding plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Liaising with patient on breastfeeding plan\" is a specific form of counselling focused on developing a breastfeeding plan, while VEH.PP.ZZ covers all counselling about breastfeeding behaviours more broadly." }] }, { "code" : "432137002", "display" : "Positioning baby at breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Positioning baby at breast\" is a specific hands-on physical intervention that falls within the scope of practical breastfeeding support. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of practical breastfeeding support." }] }, { "code" : "710123001", "display" : "Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets promotion of \"exclusive\" breastfeeding." }] }, { "code" : "225238001", "display" : "Support of breast during breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical/hands-on support with breastfeeding behaviours, which encompasses the specific act of physically supporting the breast during feeding but also includes other practical breastfeeding support activities." }] }, { "code" : "236823008", "display" : "Female genital and obstetric procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block encompasses all structural interventions on the female genital organs as well as obstetric targets (placenta/amnion/cord, fetal structures), which is broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to female genital and obstetric procedures specifically." }] }, { "code" : "87727006", "display" : "Infertility study", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUD.AA.ZZ covers the general assessment of fertility functions, which is broader than \"Infertility study\" that specifically implies a structured diagnostic investigation into the cause of infertility." }] }, { "code" : "703090000", "display" : "Initiation of contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a contraception-specific code. NUD.PN.ZZ covers clinical advising on fertility functions, which includes contraception initiation but also encompasses all advising about fertility (including pro-fertility advising)." }] }, { "code" : "74036000", "display" : "Pregnancy detection examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pregnancy-related functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the detection/confirmation of pregnancy." }] }, { "code" : "725927001", "display" : "Pronuclear transfer mitochondrial replacement therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pronuclear transfer or mitochondrial replacement therapy. NME.DH.AC broadly covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures including standard IVF embryo transfer, without capturing the specific pronuclear/mitochondrial manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "225213006", "display" : "Breakaway procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A breakaway procedure is a specific physical self-defence technique used by healthcare workers to safely disengage from violent patient contact. VB1.PH.ZZ covers all training to influence violence-related behaviours, which is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "225207002", "display" : "Re-integration following seclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for post-seclusion reintegration. ATF.RB.ZZ is the closest match as re-integration following seclusion is a practical support intervention aimed at restoring psychosocial functioning, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of practical psychosocial support." }] }, { "code" : "226009001", "display" : "Giving cut up food", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Giving cut up food\" is a specific form of practical support with eating. SMF.RB.ZZ encompasses all types of practical eating support, making it semantically broader than the specific SNOMED concept of providing pre-cut food." }] }, { "code" : "1371266008", "display" : "Social service non-presential interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "SX1.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SX1.AN.ZZ captures an interview action within the community, social, and civic life domain, aligning with the social service context. However, it is broader because it also encompasses civic life, and ICHI has no mechanism to express the \"non-presential\" (remote/non-face-to-face) delivery mode that is a defining feature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225187005", "display" : "Applying stoma adhesive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Applying stoma adhesive is a specific sub-task within stoma management. PTD.SN.AC covers the broader concept of stoma management (including adhesive application, pouch changes, skin care, and other maintenance activities), making it semantically wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225189008", "display" : "Attaching stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers general stoma management which encompasses attaching a stoma appliance but is semantically broader, as \"management\" includes additional activities beyond appliance attachment such as cleaning, inspection, and troubleshooting." }] }, { "code" : "225285007", "display" : "Giving oral fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with drinking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMG.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical assistance with the activity of drinking, which encompasses but is broader than the specific act of giving oral fluid to a patient. The SNOMED concept focuses specifically on providing fluid orally, while the ICHI code includes any practical support related to drinking." }] }, { "code" : "225302006", "display" : "Insulin regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" covers prescribing any pharmacotherapy and is not specific to insulin, making the ICHI code semantically broader. ICHI lacks a specific code for an insulin regimen or medication-specific treatment protocol, so this general pharmacotherapy prescription code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "225318000", "display" : "Personal and environmental management regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH", "display" : "Looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMH (\"Looking after one's health\") encompasses personal health management activities aligned with the \"personal management\" aspect of the SNOMED concept. It is broader because it covers all aspects of health self-management, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured regime combining personal and environmental management." }] }, { "code" : "225367003", "display" : "Toileting regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training in toileting\" encompasses all forms of toileting training interventions, including structured regimes, skill-building, and behavioral approaches. The SNOMED concept \"Toileting regime\" is a specific type of structured, schedule-based toileting training program, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "225991001", "display" : "Ensuring mobility aid available", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.RD.ZZ covers providing all goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically addresses ensuring the availability of a mobility aid (e.g., walker, crutch, wheelchair). The ICHI code also encompasses transportation-related products." }] }, { "code" : "22759000", "display" : "Social service interview of family", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the interview method and family relationship target but is broader because it does not specify the social service context and frames the target as family relationship functioning rather than specifically interviewing family members within a social service setting." }] }, { "code" : "228604003", "display" : "Checking of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Checking of splint\" is an assessment activity directed at a splint (a product/technology). The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of any product or technology unspecified, not specifically splints or immobilisation devices." }] }, { "code" : "232182000", "display" : "Insertion of osseointegrated bone anchor", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An osseointegrated bone anchor (e.g., BAHA fixture) is a device implanted into the temporal bone of the skull, making MAA.DN.AA anatomically correct. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers implantation of any device into the skull, not specifically an osseointegrated bone anchor." }] }, { "code" : "241030000", "display" : "Aspiration of drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for aspiration of a drain. LZZ.SN.AE covers management of internal devices in skin and subcutaneous tissue (where surgical drains typically reside), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of device management (not just aspiration) and all device types in that tissue layer (not just drains)." }] }, { "code" : "235212007", "display" : "Balloon tamponade of esophagus using Sengstaken-Blakemore tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific tamponade code for the oesophagus. KBA.DL.AC covers the correct anatomy (oesophagus) and the core procedural action (device insertion), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the therapeutic purpose (balloon tamponade for variceal hemorrhage control) or the specific device (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube)." }] }, { "code" : "241031001", "display" : "Removal of drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body or device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no body-site-unspecified drain removal code. PZX.JD.AE is the closest match as it covers percutaneous removal of any internal device from any body site (not elsewhere classified), which subsumes drain removal. It is wider because it encompasses removal of any internal device or foreign body, not just drains specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241027007", "display" : "Shortening of drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for shortening a drain. LZZ.SN.AE covers general management of internal devices in skin/subcutaneous tissue (where surgical drains typically exit), making it broader than the specific act of shortening a drain." }] }, { "code" : "234732003", "display" : "Adjust tooth restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" encompasses all tooth restoration procedures including initial placement, repair, and adjustment. The SNOMED concept specifically refers only to the adjustment of an existing restoration, making the broader restoration code the best available but wider match." }] }, { "code" : "234743006", "display" : "Bridge preparation of tooth or teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for dental bridge preparation. \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) encompasses restorative dental procedures including crown and bridge work, but it is semantically broader than the specific concept of bridge preparation, covering all forms of tooth restoration." }] }, { "code" : "234762009", "display" : "Take impression for complete denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for dental impression-taking. KAE.AE.AC is the closest match as impression-taking is an assessment/measurement activity performed on dental structures, but this ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all types of dental examinations." }] }, { "code" : "234763004", "display" : "Take impression for partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for taking a dental impression. KAE.LC.AC covers the overall process of fitting and applying dental devices, of which impression-taking for a partial denture is a preparatory sub-step; the ICHI code is wider, encompassing all dental device applications." }] }, { "code" : "234778006", "display" : "Try-in of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the oral structures, which encompasses the placement of a trial denture for fit assessment. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to dentures nor to the try-in phase of denture fabrication." }] }, { "code" : "239516002", "display" : "Monitoring procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"monitoring procedure\" code; all monitoring interventions (.AI. action) are body-system-specific. PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest whole-person diagnostic intervention, but it is wider because observation encompasses monitoring as well as other non-monitoring diagnostic observations." }] }, { "code" : "232467003", "display" : "Correction of alar collapse by diathermy of alae nasi", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of intranasal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.GA.AC covers destruction of any intranasal lesion by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies diathermy applied to the alae nasi for correction of alar collapse. The ICHI code is broader in target, method, and indication." }] }, { "code" : "232197002", "display" : "Diathermy of eustachian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-CBF", "display" : "Interventions on eustachian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific destruction/diathermy code for the eustachian tube (no CBH.GA.AC exists). The block \"Interventions on eustachian tube\" covers all eustachian tube procedures and is therefore semantically wider than the specific diathermy procedure." }] }, { "code" : "232570001", "display" : "Diathermy of laryngeal telangiectasis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all methods of destruction of any lesion or tissue of the larynx, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to diathermy as the modality and telangiectasis as the lesion type. The target anatomy (larynx) and action category (destruction) match correctly." }] }, { "code" : "236873006", "display" : "Diathermy of lesion of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the cervix by any method (except radiotherapy). The SNOMED concept specifies diathermy as the particular destruction method and targets only lesions, making the ICHI code broader in both method and target scope." }] }, { "code" : "23404005", "display" : "Diathermy of nasal turbinates", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAC.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of nasal turbinate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code JAC.GA.AC covers all methods of destruction of the nasal turbinate, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diathermy as the destruction modality. The ICHI code is semantically broader, encompassing diathermy along with other destruction techniques." }] }, { "code" : "232537006", "display" : "Diathermy of pharyngeal pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pharyngeal pouch or hypopharynx interventions. KBA.GA.AA covers destruction of oesophageal tissue, the closest anatomical match since the pharyngeal pouch arises at the pharyngoesophageal junction; however, it is broader in both method and anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "241737008", "display" : "Tourniquet release", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for tourniquet release. PZX.SO.AH captures removing an external assistive device from a body site, but is broader because it covers removal of any assistive product from any unspecified body site." }] }, { "code" : "241732002", "display" : "Tourniquet removal (already released)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no tourniquet-specific code. PZX.SO.AH represents the removal of any assistive product from any body site using an external approach, which encompasses tourniquet removal but is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "243154003", "display" : "High frequency jet ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Artificial ventilation\" covers all forms of artificial/mechanical ventilation without distinguishing specific modes. High frequency jet ventilation is a specific ventilation mode, making the ICHI code semantically broader. No more specific ICHI code exists for this technique." }] }, { "code" : "243189001", "display" : "Venom immunotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Venom immunotherapy involves percutaneous (subcutaneous) injection of venom allergen extracts to modify the immune response. DTB.DB.AE is wider because it covers percutaneous administration of any immunological agent, not specifically venom allergen extracts for desensitization." }] }, { "code" : "265642006", "display" : "Obstetric monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all pregnancy-related functions broadly, while \"Obstetric monitoring\" is a more clinically specific surveillance activity. The SNOMED concept could also include intrapartum monitoring (covered separately as NME.AI.AH), but NUE.AI.ZZ is the closest single code available." }] }, { "code" : "2658000", "display" : "Social service interview of patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "SX1.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the correct intervention method (interview) within the social and community domain, but is broader because it encompasses community and civic life generally, not specifically social service delivery by a social service professional." }] }, { "code" : "276346008", "display" : "Stoma bag procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for stoma bag/appliance procedures. PTD.SN.AC encompasses all stoma management activities (not just bag-related procedures), making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically about stoma bag procedures." }] }, { "code" : "281178003", "display" : "Construction of occlusal rim", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for constructing an occlusal rim. KAE.LC.AC covers general application of dental devices, which subsumes the occlusal rim as a type of dental device, but is substantially broader than the specific prosthodontic fabrication step described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281184000", "display" : "Wax-up of trial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for denture wax-up or trial denture fabrication. KAE.LC.AC covers applying dental devices generally, which encompasses denture-related procedures but is substantially broader than this specific intermediate laboratory/clinical step in removable prosthodontic fabrication." }] }, { "code" : "281186003", "display" : "Add tooth to denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A denture is an external removable appliance of the teeth, and adding a tooth to it is a specific form of management/modification. KAE.SM.AC encompasses all management activities on external dental appliances (adjustment, repair, modification), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281674000", "display" : "Design of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for denture design/planning. KAE.LC.AC encompasses the full process of providing a dental device (including dentures), of which design is a component step. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the entire application process, not just the design phase." }] }, { "code" : "281897000", "display" : "Helicobacter eradication therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for Helicobacter eradication or GI-tract-targeted antimicrobial therapy. PZA.DB.AC correctly captures the oral drug administration method but is substantially broader as it encompasses any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of condition, body system, or therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "287790000", "display" : "Stoma scar tissue released", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of scar or web contracture of skin, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.FC.AA captures the correct surgical action (release) and target tissue (skin scar/contracture) but is broader because it applies to any skin site and is not specific to a stoma location. ICHI has no stoma-specific scar release code." }] }, { "code" : "288194000", "display" : "Routine episiotomy and repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.FA.AA", "display" : "Episiotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers episiotomy as a general procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies \"routine\" episiotomy explicitly combined with repair. Clinically, episiotomy inherently includes subsequent repair, but the ICHI code lacks the \"routine\" qualifier and the explicit repair component." }] }, { "code" : "300020002", "display" : "Tubal diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tubal diathermy is a specific method (electrocautery/diathermy) used to achieve fallopian tube occlusion for sterilization. NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes by any method (clips, rings, diathermy, etc.), making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "301760002", "display" : "Diathermy of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.GA.AA covers destruction of the ovary by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies diathermy as the destruction technique. ICHI does not differentiate destruction modalities, so the ICHI code is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "304846008", "display" : "External subdural drain procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAC.JB.AA covers drainage of the cerebral meninges generally (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid spaces) and does not distinguish external vs. internal drainage. The SNOMED concept specifically denotes an external drain of the subdural space, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "306382007", "display" : "Discharge by health worker", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the clinical discharge act performed by a health worker. PZB.ZY.ZY covers health management encounters not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the specific discharge concept." }] }, { "code" : "307111006", "display" : "Remove endosseous jaw implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JD.AC covers removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, which encompasses endosseous jaw implant removal but is broader in scope as it also includes removal of other dental devices and foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "307999008", "display" : "Diathermy of skin lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all methods of destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue at any unspecified body site, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to diathermy of a skin lesion. The ICHI code is broader in both method and target tissue scope." }] }, { "code" : "309466006", "display" : "Clinical observation regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AM.ZZ captures the core concept of clinically observing a patient as a whole but is broader because it encompasses any observation without specifying the structured, ongoing regime/protocol aspect that the SNOMED concept implies." }] }, { "code" : "311402003", "display" : "Staff education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.VA.ZZ", "display" : "Capacity building targeting support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a direct \"staff education\" code. UCK.VA.ZZ targets the capacity of health professional support through prevention-oriented interventions, which encompasses staff education as one component, but \"capacity building\" is broader than education alone." }] }, { "code" : "445970000", "display" : "Moving patient from bed to chair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In ICHI/ICF terminology, \"transferring\" (SHG) covers moving from one surface to another (bed to chair, wheelchair to toilet, etc.). The SNOMED concept specifies the particular transfer scenario (bed to chair), making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "445969001", "display" : "Moving subject from chair to bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Transferring oneself\" (SHG) in ICHI/ICF specifically refers to moving from one surface to another, and \"RA\" means performing this task for the person. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any surface-to-surface transfer, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a chair-to-bed transfer." }] }, { "code" : "427479001", "display" : "Anchoring of chest drain using suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for anchoring or securing a chest drain with suture. JCB.JB.AA is the closest match because anchoring the drain is a component step of the chest drain insertion/drainage procedure, but the ICHI code encompasses the entire drainage intervention, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "445099008", "display" : "Assessment of wound drain device", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wound drain is an internal device placed through skin and subcutaneous tissue. \"Management of internal device\" is broader than \"assessment\" because management encompasses assessment, adjustment, and maintenance, whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to the assessment component." }] }, { "code" : "446232000", "display" : "Collection of bile via biliary T-tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Collection of bile via a biliary T-tube is a specific form of bile duct drainage performed through an existing T-tube. KCM.JB.AA covers drainage of the bile duct in general without specifying the route or device, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "769401004", "display" : "Collection of body fluid from surgical drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for collecting fluid from a surgical drain. PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual specimen collection code covering any site not elsewhere classified, which encompasses drain fluid collection but is semantically broader as it covers all unspecified specimen types and collection methods." }] }, { "code" : "705084002", "display" : "Collection of fluid specimen via closed suction drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for specimen collection from a closed suction drain. PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual specimen collection category encompassing all specimen collection methods not specifically enumerated elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the specimen type and collection method." }] }, { "code" : "432243007", "display" : "Conversion of biliary external drainage to internal and external drainage using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.KA.AD", "display" : "Replacement of device in biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes converting an external biliary drain to an internal-external drain under fluoroscopic guidance, which is functionally a replacement of a biliary duct device. KCM.KA.AD covers device replacement generally, making it broader as it does not specify the type of drainage conversion, approach, or imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "446847002", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity via chest tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AA covers drainage of the pleural cavity by any non-thoracoscopic, non-percutaneous approach, which encompasses chest tube drainage but is not limited to it. The SNOMED concept is more specific by designating a chest tube as the means of drainage." }] }, { "code" : "698956007", "display" : "Insertion of drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DL.AE", "display" : "Insertion of a device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a body-site-unspecified \"insertion of drain\" code; all ICHI drainage codes are site-specific. PZX.DL.AE is the generic residual code for device insertion at any unspecified site, which subsumes drain insertion but is broader because it covers insertion of any device type." }] }, { "code" : "432510007", "display" : "Insertion of iridium wire via T-tube into biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes percutaneous bile duct brachytherapy via T-tube with fluoroscopic guidance. ICHI lacks a dedicated bile duct radiotherapy code, so KCM.GA.AF is the closest match covering percutaneous destruction of the bile duct but is broader, encompassing all percutaneous destruction methods without specifying brachytherapy or imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "713164007", "display" : "Lithotripsy of biliary stone using laser by T-tube approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AJ", "display" : "Percutaneous biliary endoscopy via existing T-tube or other tract for removal of calculus or stone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JE.AJ is the only ICHI code that specifically captures the T-tube approach for biliary calculus intervention, but it encompasses any method of calculus removal via T-tube (not just laser lithotripsy), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the laser modality." }] }, { "code" : "710107001", "display" : "Maintenance of wound drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers management of any internal device in skin and subcutaneous tissue (not limited to wound drains), making it semantically broader. However, a wound drain is an internal device in skin/subcutaneous tissue, and the SN action (management) aligns well with \"maintenance.\"" }] }, { "code" : "72317001", "display" : "Penrose maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Penrose drain is an internal device placed in subcutaneous tissue for passive gravity drainage, and \"Penrose maintenance\" corresponds to management of that device in situ. LZZ.SN.AE covers management of any internal device in skin/subcutaneous tissue without specifying device type or body site, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "710137005", "display" : "Promotion of acceptance of health status", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In the ICF framework, \"global psychosocial functions\" encompasses adaptability, resilience, and psychological adjustment, which covers acceptance of health status. However, ATF.PP.ZZ is broader as it addresses all global psychosocial functions rather than specifically targeting acceptance of one's health condition." }] }, { "code" : "710138000", "display" : "Promotion of adherence to exercise regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEB.PP.ZZ covers all counselling about physical activity behaviours, which subsumes promoting adherence to an exercise regime. The ICHI code is broader in both intervention type (general counselling vs. adherence promotion) and target (physical activity behaviours vs. a specific exercise regime)." }] }, { "code" : "710140005", "display" : "Promotion of bowel routine", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training in toileting\" captures the concept of promoting a routine for elimination as a self-care activity. However, the ICHI code is wider because \"toileting\" encompasses both bowel and urinary elimination, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to bowel routine only." }] }, { "code" : "711099002", "display" : "Promotion of community breastfeeding education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.PM.ZZ covers education to influence breastfeeding behaviours broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's focus on community breastfeeding education promotion. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to community-level promotion specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the community setting and the promotional nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "58951000087106", "display" : "Promotion of development of constructive self-criticism", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In ICHI/ICF, \"experience of self\" functions (ICF b180) encompass self-image, self-perception, and self-awareness, which are the core mental functions involved in constructive self-criticism. The ICHI \"Training\" action aligns well with the SNOMED \"Promotion of development\" concept as both describe active skill-building. However, the ICHI code is wider because it covers all experience-of-self functions (including body image, time experience) and is not limited to the specific skill of constructive self-criticism." }] }, { "code" : "710144001", "display" : "Promotion of diversional therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about engaging in recreation and leisure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXC.PN.ZZ covers advising about recreation and leisure engagement, which encompasses the concept of promoting diversional therapy. However, the ICHI code is broader because it addresses all recreation and leisure advising rather than specifically promoting diversional (recreational) therapy as a therapeutic intervention, and \"advising\" is a broader action than \"promotion\" which implies specifically encouraging uptake." }] }, { "code" : "438651005", "display" : "Promotion of self actualization", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for self-actualization. VEL.PP.ZZ covers counselling about behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing, which encompasses self-actualization promotion but is semantically broader — it addresses all psychological wellbeing behaviours rather than the specific concept of self-actualization." }] }, { "code" : "710157009", "display" : "Promotion of self management of symptom", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMH.PH.ZZ covers training a person in looking after one's health, which encompasses symptom self-management but is broader — it includes all aspects of health self-care (diet, exercise, medication adherence, etc.), not just symptom management specifically. The SNOMED concept is narrowly focused on promoting self-management of symptoms." }] }, { "code" : "733915005", "display" : "Promotion of self-toileting", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training in toileting\" covers all forms of toileting training, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting independent/self-toileting. The ICHI code encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader in scope, as it does not restrict to self-directed toileting promotion." }] }, { "code" : "710139008", "display" : "Promotion of urinary bladder routine", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Promotion of urinary bladder routine\" is a specific behavioral intervention focused on establishing a scheduled bladder voiding routine, while NTD.PH.ZZ encompasses all forms of urination function training, making the ICHI code semantically broader. The match is strong because both target urination/bladder function through training-type interventions." }] }, { "code" : "710126009", "display" : "Promotion of use of eye glasses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Education about seeing functions\" encompasses all educational interventions related to seeing functions, including but not limited to promoting the use of eyeglasses. The SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifically targets promoting the use of one particular corrective device (eyeglasses)." }] }, { "code" : "710128005", "display" : "Promotion of use of hip protector", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically promotes the use of hip protectors (a personal protective product), while UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about all products and technology for personal daily living use. The ICHI code captures the core action but is broader in scope, not limited to hip protectors or safety devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "710125008", "display" : "Promotion of use of memory skills", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of memory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training of memory functions\" encompasses the broader activity of developing and strengthening memory capabilities, while the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on promoting the use of memory skills (encouraging application of learned memory strategies). The ICHI code covers training memory functions generally, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "710124007", "display" : "Promotion of use of progressive muscle relaxation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SDJ.PM.ZZ covers education about handling stress and psychological demands in general, which encompasses promoting the use of progressive muscle relaxation as one specific stress-handling technique. The ICHI code is broader because it is not limited to any particular technique." }] }, { "code" : "827129004", "display" : "Insertion of composite restoration using strip crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC encompasses all types of dental restorations regardless of material or technique, while the SNOMED concept specifically describes a composite resin restoration performed using the strip crown technique. The ICHI code is semantically broader, as it does not distinguish the composite material or the strip crown method from other restoration approaches." }] }, { "code" : "311569007", "display" : "Dysphagia therapy regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Facilitating swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Facilitating swallowing\" in ICHI refers to applying therapeutic techniques to improve or restore swallowing function, which encompasses the core therapeutic intent of a dysphagia therapy regime. The ICHI code is wider because \"facilitating swallowing\" covers any therapeutic facilitation of swallowing (not only dysphagia-specific regimes), while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured therapy regime for dysphagia." }] }, { "code" : "31532004", "display" : "Social service at home", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.RG.ZZ covers providing general social support services broadly at a systems and policies level, without specifying the home setting or individual-level delivery. The SNOMED concept is more specific as it restricts the social service to the home context, making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "361259002", "display" : "Cystoscopy and cystodiathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers transurethral (endoscopic/cystoscopic) destruction of bladder lesions or tissue by any method, which subsumes the more specific SNOMED concept that specifies diathermy (electrocautery) as the destruction technique. The cystoscopic approach is implicit in \"transurethral,\" making this a good match where the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "363079009", "display" : "Diathermy of visual system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other specified interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a general \"destruction of visual system\" code. The SNOMED concept specifies diathermy applied to the visual system without naming a specific anatomical substructure. BZZ.ZY.ZY is the residual \"other specified\" code for the visual system, which is wider because it encompasses any unclassified visual system intervention, not specifically destruction/diathermy." }] }, { "code" : "363152007", "display" : "Immune system surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest codeable category within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, which encompasses immune system organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils). It is wider because it covers all intervention types (not just surgical) and includes haematopoietic structures beyond the immune system proper." }] }, { "code" : "363187007", "display" : "Limb operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for \"limb operation\" — it separates upper and lower limb musculoskeletal interventions into distinct blocks. MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code for the entire musculoskeletal system, which is wider because it also covers head/neck, trunk, and vertebral column musculoskeletal interventions beyond just limbs." }] }, { "code" : "370840004", "display" : "Maintaining and protecting the patient's autonomy, dignity, and human rights", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXK.TA.ZZ", "display" : "Advocacy in relation to enjoying human rights", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXK.TA.ZZ covers advocacy related to human rights enjoyment broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's focus on maintaining and protecting autonomy, dignity, and human rights. The ICHI code is wider because it is a general category that could apply beyond the specific patient-centered scope described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370886002", "display" : "Safety procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified safety-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VC1.ZZ.ZZ is a residual category covering unspecified safety-related behavioural interventions. While SNOMED's \"Safety procedure\" is itself a broad concept denoting a specific procedural intent (ensuring safety), VC1.ZZ.ZZ serves as a catch-all for any unclassified safety-related behavioural intervention, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "373351007", "display" : "Surgical procedure on soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRS", "display" : "Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MRS is the ICHI grouping block for all interventions on soft tissue at an unspecified body site. It is wider because it includes non-surgical interventions (imaging, massage, stretch, shockwave therapy) in addition to surgical ones, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to surgical procedures only." }] }, { "code" : "37508003", "display" : "Operation on neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB", "display" : "Head or neck, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for a generic \"operation on neck.\" PAB represents the broadest non-system-specific grouping for interventions on the head or neck region, but it is wider because it includes both head and neck (not neck alone) and encompasses all intervention types rather than only surgical operations." }] }, { "code" : "381871000000107", "display" : "Assessment of parenting capacity", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of parenting behaviours broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to the specific assessment of parenting capacity. The SNOMED concept targets a narrower focus (capacity/competence to parent), making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "386324008", "display" : "Hope instillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hope instillation is a specific nursing intervention focused on fostering a patient's belief in positive outcomes, which is one particular form of emotional support targeting global psychosocial functioning. ATF.RC.ZZ encompasses all emotional support for global psychosocial functions, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "386416002", "display" : "Role enhancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Role enhancement\" specifically targets improving a person's ability to fulfill social roles through clarifying and supplementing role behaviors. ATF.PH.ZZ encompasses role functioning as a component of global psychosocial functioning but is broader, covering all psychosocial dimensions beyond just role-specific performance." }] }, { "code" : "386494000", "display" : "Visitation facilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Visitation facilitation\" is a specific nursing intervention focused on arranging and enabling visits by family and friends. SSJ.RB.ZZ encompasses all forms of practical support for family relationship engagement, of which facilitating visits is one specific type, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "387661001", "display" : "Operation on respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the respiratory system, voice and speech, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category for unspecified interventions on the respiratory system in ICHI. It is wider because it also covers voice and speech interventions and is not limited to surgical operations, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes surgical operations on the respiratory tract alone." }] }, { "code" : "392236004", "display" : "Operative procedure on spinal structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-MBA is the broadest ICHI grouping for spinal interventions, encompassing all vertebral column regions and all intervention types. It is wider because it includes non-operative interventions (imaging, manipulation, mobilisation) whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to operative procedures; though the SNOMED concept also covers spinal cord/nerve structures outside MBA." }] }, { "code" : "398259002", "display" : "Physiatric stretching of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.PD.ZZ", "display" : "Stretch of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.PD.ZZ describes stretching of muscle at an unspecified site, which directly matches the core intervention. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to a physiatric (physical medicine and rehabilitation) context, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the stretching as physiatric in nature." }] }, { "code" : "398260007", "display" : "Tourniquet positioned on patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for tourniquet application. PZX.DP.AH covers the installation of an external therapeutic device on a body site, which subsumes tourniquet placement but is substantially broader, encompassing any assistive product installation at any location not elsewhere classified." }] }, { "code" : "40932000", "display" : "Routine administration of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ covers all pharmacotherapy administration regardless of route, which encompasses routine medication administration. The ICHI code is wider because it includes both routine and non-routine administration, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically qualified as \"routine.\"" }] }, { "code" : "413648008", "display" : "Biological treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for biological/biologic therapy. PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of any pharmacotherapy without specifying the route, which subsumes biological treatment but also includes all other pharmacotherapies, making it semantically wider. The DTB.DB series for immunological agents is more aligned but each code is route-specific and immunological agents are only a subset of biological treatments." }] }, { "code" : "425554000", "display" : "Removal of dental crown from tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental crown is an external appliance fitted over a tooth, making the target a correct match. However, KAE.SM.AC covers all management activities on external appliances (including adjustment, replacement, and removal), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the removal action." }] }, { "code" : "428555003", "display" : "Transvenous implantation of automatic cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) endocardial approach and covers defibrillator system implantation, but it is wider because it also encompasses pacemaker implantation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to automatic cardiac defibrillators only." }] }, { "code" : "42937000", "display" : "Restoration, crown, single", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (crowns, fillings, inlays, onlays, etc.) without specifying the restoration type or quantity, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a single crown restoration. The ICHI code is therefore semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "440089000", "display" : "Sleep restriction therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sleep restriction therapy is a specific behavioral training technique for insomnia that restricts time in bed to consolidate sleep. ATK.PH.ZZ encompasses all forms of sleep function training, making it semantically broader than the specific sleep restriction technique described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448434009", "display" : "Removal of dental prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JD.AC covers the removal of any dental internal device or foreign body from teeth, which encompasses dental prostheses but is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets dental prosthesis removal." }] }, { "code" : "449857002", "display" : "Placement of healing abutment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DN.AC", "display" : "Prosthetic dental implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DN.AC covers the overall prosthetic dental implant procedure, which encompasses the placement of a healing abutment as one step in the implant workflow. The SNOMED concept is more specific, referring only to the placement of the healing abutment component." }] }, { "code" : "49509003", "display" : "Operation on lymphatic structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code for unspecified interventions on the lymphatic system. It is wider because it also encompasses the haematopoietic system, not just lymphatic structures." }] }, { "code" : "57103007", "display" : "Reattachment of retina by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code, as ICHI has no specific code for retinal reattachment or diathermy-based retinal procedures. It is wider because \"Repair of retina\" encompasses all retinal repair methods and does not specify the technique (diathermy)." }] }, { "code" : "57443006", "display" : "Physiatric stretching of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.PD.ZZ", "display" : "Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.PD.ZZ covers stretching of all soft tissue at an unspecified body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets fascia. ICHI lacks a dedicated \"stretch of fascia\" code, and \"soft tissue\" is the closest encompassing target." }] }, { "code" : "59921003", "display" : "Restoration, crown, porcelain fused to predominantly base metal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (fillings, inlays, onlays, crowns of any material), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes a porcelain-fused-to-base-metal crown restoration. ICHI lacks a code specific to crown restorations or crown material type." }] }, { "code" : "60139001", "display" : "Operative esophagogastroduodenoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.AE.AD", "display" : "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.AE.AD represents oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in general without distinguishing diagnostic from operative/therapeutic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an operative (therapeutic/surgical) EGD." }] }, { "code" : "702601001", "display" : "Routine gynecologic examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMS.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of the female genital system, which subsumes the SNOMED concept of a routine gynecologic examination. The ICHI code is broader because it is not limited to routine/screening contexts." }] }, { "code" : "708804002", "display" : "Implantation of totally implantable infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for implantation of an infusion pump. LAB.DL.AA covers the correct anatomical site where implantable infusion pumps are placed, but is broader: it uses the generic action \"insertion of device\" and does not specify the device type." }] }, { "code" : "710080003", "display" : "Protection of religious belief", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.TA.ZZ", "display" : "Advocacy in relation to engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.TA.ZZ covers advocacy for engaging in religion and spirituality broadly, which encompasses the more specific SNOMED concept of protecting religious belief. The ICHI code is wider because it includes spirituality in addition to religion, and advocacy in general rather than protection specifically." }] }, { "code" : "710082006", "display" : "Protection of cultural belief", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Protection of cultural belief\" is a specific form of practical support aimed at safeguarding cultural beliefs within a care context. SXH.RB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses all forms of practical support for engaging in religion and spirituality, not limited to the protective aspect, and uses the broader framing of \"religion and spirituality\" rather than \"cultural belief.\"" }] }, { "code" : "710351004", "display" : "Transportation to home", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general act of transporting a person, which encompasses transportation to home, but does not specify the destination (home), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "711431005", "display" : "Repatriation by road", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the act of transporting a patient but does not specify the mode of transport (road) or the repatriation aspect. ICHI has no codes distinguishing transport by road from other modes." }] }, { "code" : "711432003", "display" : "Repatriation by air travel", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person in a health context but does not specify the mode of transport (air) or the repatriation purpose. ICHI has no air-transport-specific codes." }] }, { "code" : "712490006", "display" : "Facilitating forgiveness", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific forgiveness intervention code. Facilitating forgiveness is a counselling-type intervention targeting psychosocial functioning, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all global psychosocial counselling rather than the specific process of forgiveness." }] }, { "code" : "715537001", "display" : "Transportation by ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person without specifying the mode of transport, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes ambulance transportation." }] }, { "code" : "715760007", "display" : "Facilitation of development of supportive relationship", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in informal social relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSG.RB.ZZ captures the facilitation aspect (practical support) applied to supportive relationships (informal social relationships), but is wider because it covers all practical support with informal social relationships, not just development of new supportive relationships." }] }, { "code" : "715954004", "display" : "Transportation by commercial flight", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the core concept of transporting a patient but does not specify the mode of transport. ICHI has no codes distinguishing air or commercial flight transport from other modalities." }] }, { "code" : "715956002", "display" : "Transportation by taxi", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the general health intervention of transporting a person, which encompasses taxi transportation but does not specify the mode of transport." }] }, { "code" : "715957006", "display" : "Transportation by own transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general concept of transporting a person without specifying the mode or arrangement, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes self-arranged/own transport." }] }, { "code" : "716367000", "display" : "Transportation by public transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transporting a person by any mode. ICHI has no code distinguishing public transport from other transport modes." }] }, { "code" : "717810008", "display" : "Routine postpartum follow-up", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific postpartum/postnatal follow-up code. NUE.AA.ZZ is the best match because postpartum follow-up assesses recovery of pregnancy-related functions, but the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all assessment of pregnancy functions including antenatal assessments." }] }, { "code" : "718082005", "display" : "Replacement of tooth with removable denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to teeth, including but not limited to removable dentures. The SNOMED concept specifically describes replacement with a removable denture, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "719918006", "display" : "Social Use of Language program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SGA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in having a conversation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SGA.PH.ZZ covers all training in having a conversation more broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets pragmatic language skills (social rules of language use, turn-taking, context-appropriate communication)." }] }, { "code" : "720370008", "display" : "Transportation by car", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ captures the health intervention of transporting a person but does not specify the mode of transport, making it broader than car-specific transport." }] }, { "code" : "720371007", "display" : "Transportation by bariatric transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with using transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SKA.RB.ZZ covers practical support with using transportation as a passenger, which encompasses bariatric transport but does not specify specialized heavy-duty transport for patients with high body weight." }] }, { "code" : "74251004", "display" : "Physiatric mobilization of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Both describe mobilisation of a joint at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to the physiatric (rehabilitation medicine) context specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "74943008", "display" : "Operation on trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAA", "display" : "Interventions on trunk, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's block encompasses all interventions (surgical and non-surgical) on the trunk region, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to surgical operations on the trunk." }] }, { "code" : "76790002", "display" : "Insertion of tissue expander", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific tissue expander insertion code. LZZ.DL.AE is the site-unspecified residual code for percutaneous insertion of any device into skin/subcutaneous tissue, which is broader because it covers any device type, not just tissue expanders." }] }, { "code" : "773273007", "display" : "Insertion of temporary dental crown on tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all types of tooth restoration (fillings, crowns, inlays, etc.) without distinguishing the specific restoration type or temporary/permanent nature. The SNOMED concept specifies a temporary dental crown specifically." }] }, { "code" : "780824004", "display" : "Family contact facilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSJ.RB.ZZ covers all forms of practical support for engaging in family relationships, which encompasses but is broader than the specific activity of facilitating family contact." }] }, { "code" : "79537002", "display" : "Operation on endocrine system", "target" : [{ "code" : "EZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the endocrine system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual code for all interventions on the endocrine system. ICHI's \"interventions\" is broader than SNOMED's \"operation\" which implies surgical procedures specifically." }] }, { "code" : "79820000", "display" : "Endoscopy of ovary and fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific endoscopy code for the ovary or fallopian tube. PAK.AE.AB represents diagnostic laparoscopy of the abdomen, which is the procedure used to visualize the ovary and fallopian tube, but is wider as it covers the entire abdomen." }] }, { "code" : "80342005", "display" : "Drilling", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Drilling\" refers specifically to creating a hole using a rotary drill, while ICHI osteotomy encompasses all forms of surgical bone cutting (drilling, sawing, chiseling) at any site." }] }, { "code" : "80764003", "display" : "Restoration, inlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC encompasses all types of dental restorations (fillings, inlays, onlays, crowns, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes an inlay restoration." }] }, { "code" : "895405008", "display" : "Pharmacy delivery service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RG.ZZ covers providing any services in relation to medications, which encompasses pharmacy delivery services but is broader in scope. The SNOMED concept specifically refers to a pharmacy delivery service, which is one type of medication-related service." }] }, { "code" : "9990009", "display" : "Radiation therapy treatment planning service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for radiation therapy treatment planning. PZB.TB.ZZ captures clinical planning for an individual patient but is broader because it covers any type of individualised health intervention planning, not specifically radiation therapy planning." }] }, { "code" : "898143001", "display" : "Home parenteral therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of nutritional substance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DA.AF captures the core clinical intervention of intravenous (parenteral) nutritional administration but is wider because it does not specify the home setting; ICHI does not encode care setting as part of intervention codes." }] }, { "code" : "91101005", "display" : "Operation on ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-unspecified \"operation on ligament\" code; all ligament interventions are split by body region. MZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified residual for the entire musculoskeletal system, broader than ligament-specific operations." }] }, { "code" : "89901005", "display" : "Operative procedure on head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAB", "display" : "Interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single intervention code for a general operative procedure on the head. BlockL5-PAB is the closest structural match but is wider because it also includes neck and encompasses all intervention types, not just operative/surgical." }] }, { "code" : "782707007", "display" : "Ab externo canaloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab externo canaloplasty is a specific non-penetrating procedure that dilates Schlemm's canal via an external approach to facilitate aqueous outflow, which maps conceptually to \"facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye,\" but ICHI does not capture the specific canal target, the viscoelastic-tensioning technique, or the ab externo approach — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1303782005", "display" : "Ab interno canaloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab interno canaloplasty dilates Schlemm's canal from an internal approach to enhance aqueous outflow, which maps to facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber of the eye; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the specific canal targeted, the ab interno approach, or the dilation technique used in this MIGS procedure." }] }, { "code" : "265572009", "display" : "Abdominoperineal suspension of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck regardless of surgical approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominoperineal route, making the ICHI code broader. The bladder neck is the correct ICHI target axis for urethral/bladder neck suspension procedures such as Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz, Burch, and sling operations." }] }, { "code" : "397958003", "display" : "Accessing of implantable venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF covers maintaining intravenous access via a percutaneous approach on a vein not elsewhere classified, which encompasses needle access to an implanted venous port, but is broader because it applies to any intravenous access maintenance (not specifically an implantable port/TIVAD). No ICHI code specifically represents the discrete act of accessing an implanted venous port with a needle." }] }, { "code" : "233414009", "display" : "Adjustment of arterial intraluminal device", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF captures the concept of managing an implanted vascular device (blood vessel NEC, management of internal device, percutaneous/transluminal), aligning with adjustment of an arterial intraluminal device; however, it is broader because it encompasses any blood vessel (venous or arterial) and any form of device management, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the arterial system and the act of adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "233487005", "display" : "Adjustment of intraluminal device of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF directly addresses an arteriovenous shunt (the anatomical correlate of an AV fistula) and the action \"management\" (SN) covers device adjustment within that structure. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all management activities on the arteriovenous shunt and does not specify that the intervention is confined to an intraluminal device adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "302333009", "display" : "Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode adjacent to spinal cord tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment) of any internal device within the spinal canal via percutaneous approach, which encompasses adjustment of a neurostimulator electrode adjacent to the spinal cord — the SNOMED concept is more specific (neurostimulator electrode only), while the ICHI code is broader (any spinal canal internal device)." }] }, { "code" : "302324007", "display" : "Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode in brain tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.KA.AA covers revision/replacement of any intracranial device (brain target + internal device action), which is the closest available ICHI category to adjusting/repositioning a neurostimulator electrode in brain tissue, but it is broader: it is not limited to neurostimulator electrodes, and \"replacement\" encompasses device revision/repositioning rather than specifically electrode adjustment. No ICHI code exists for DBS electrode adjustment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "231121007", "display" : "Adjustment of neurostimulator electrode in peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"adjustment\" action for peripheral nerve, so ACA.KA.AE (percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device) is the closest available code, covering revision/repositioning of an implanted peripheral nerve device; it is broader because \"replacement\" encompasses both adjustment and actual device substitution, and the SNOMED concept specifies a neurostimulator electrode specifically rather than any peripheral nerve device." }] }, { "code" : "782389006", "display" : "Adjustment of setting of infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SN.AH covers management of any pharmacotherapy internal device, which encompasses adjusting infusion pump settings, but is broader — it includes other management actions (checking, reprogramming, troubleshooting) and does not specifically distinguish adjustment of settings from other device management." }] }, { "code" : "231020006", "display" : "Adjustment to epidural electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment/repositioning) of any internal device placed in the spinal canal, which aligns well with adjusting an epidural electrode (a neurostimulator lead in the epidural/spinal canal space), but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all types of internal spinal canal devices and all forms of management, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about adjustment of an epidural electrode used for neurostimulation." }] }, { "code" : "397874007", "display" : "Airway exchange catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of tracheal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An airway exchange catheter procedure is specifically an exchange-catheter-guided replacement of an endotracheal tube, which is a tracheal device; JBA.KA.AC covers any replacement of a tracheal device and is therefore broader than the technique-specific SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for catheter-guided tube exchange." }] }, { "code" : "41751005", "display" : "Anatomic measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of a body part, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Anatomic measurement\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering measurement of any anatomical structure, which maps best to this residual ICHI category for measurement of a body part at any unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because it is an NEC residual category that also encompasses more specific body-part measurements not captured elsewhere, while the SNOMED concept is itself generic and non-site-specific." }] }, { "code" : "2382000", "display" : "Application of breast pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUH", "display" : "Lactation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for mechanical breast milk expression with a pump; the most applicable assignable code is NUH (Lactation), which covers the lactation function broadly but does not capture the specific device-based intervention of applying a breast pump. NUH is wider because it encompasses all interventions on lactation, not just the mechanical pumping action described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "20762007", "display" : "Application of electric heating pad", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the action (warming via heat) at a peripheral/unspecified body site, which encompasses an electric heating pad application, but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific device type (electric pad) nor the particular body site targeted. No more specific ICHI code exists for superficial or electrical heat application." }] }, { "code" : "177108001", "display" : "Application of fetal scalp electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AI.AC", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies the placement of a fetal scalp electrode, which is the defining technique for performing internal fetal monitoring; ICHI's NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring as a whole without encoding the specific electrode-to-scalp means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "424831005", "display" : "Application of foot pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for pneumatic foot pump or intermittent pneumatic compression devices; PND.DP.AH captures the correct body site (foot) and the non-invasive external device application action, but \"assistive product\" is a broader category that does not encode the circulatory/DVT-prophylaxis purpose or the pneumatic compression mechanism of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1352012007", "display" : "Application of L-PRF (leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin) to wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "L-PRF is an autologous biological substance applied topically, making \"external application of substance to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC\" the best structural match in ICHI; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any externally applied substance to any skin site, without specifying the wound context, the biological nature of L-PRF, or its regenerative/platelet-concentrate mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "447686008", "display" : "Application of pressure to wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DK.AH covers all forms of dressing application to skin/subcutaneous tissue and does not specify the pressure component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes applying pressure (e.g., manual or compressive dressing) to a wound for haemostasis or wound closure. ICHI has no dedicated code for pressure-based wound intervention, so this NEC dressing code in the integumentary system is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "422744007", "display" : "Arterial catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device and is not specific to arterial catheters, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which focuses exclusively on care of an indwelling arterial catheter. No artery-specific catheter management code exists in ICHI, so this NEC category under \"Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "737010001", "display" : "Assessment of pulmonary artery catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of entire heart, heart or great vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the entire heart or great vessel (which includes the pulmonary artery where a PA/Swan-Ganz catheter resides), making it the closest structural and action fit; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any assessment of the heart or great vessels, while the SNOMED concept specifically scopes the assessment to the pulmonary artery catheter device itself." }] }, { "code" : "427614007", "display" : "Atrial catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF covers management of any vascular device via a percutaneous approach, which encompasses the ongoing care (maintenance, flushing, dressing changes) of an atrial catheter, but it is broader in that it applies to all vascular devices and does not specify the atrial location. No ICHI code exists for atrial catheter care specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233040005", "display" : "Atrial fenestration operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of atrial septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.FA.AA captures the core action of creating an opening through the atrial septum, which is the operative intent of an atrial fenestration. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for \"fenestration\" specifically (which implies a deliberate, controlled hole rather than a simple incision), making this code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "134377004", "display" : "Atrial fibrillation monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.AI.AH", "display" : "Cardiac electrophysiological monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.AI.AH covers monitoring of the heart's conducting system (electrophysiological monitoring) via an ambulatory/non-invasive approach, which is the correct clinical category for atrial fibrillation monitoring (e.g., Holter monitor, cardiac event recorder). However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses monitoring of any cardiac arrhythmia or electrophysiological abnormality, not solely atrial fibrillation." }] }, { "code" : "174822005", "display" : "Atrial inversion operation using atrial wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.LI.AA", "display" : "Atrial baffle procedure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAZ.LI.AA covers all atrial baffle (atrial switch) procedures at the atrium level, which includes the Senning operation (atrial inversion using native atrial wall tissue) as well as the Mustard procedure (using synthetic or pericardial material), making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically denotes the Senning variant using atrial wall. No more specific ICHI code exists for the Senning procedure alone." }] }, { "code" : "51270009", "display" : "Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for individual laboratory analytes such as natriuretic peptides; HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function as a broad category, which encompasses a serum ANF measurement used to evaluate cardiac/volume status, but is substantially broader than the specific analyte-level SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233009003", "display" : "Atrial operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HAA", "display" : "Interventions on heart, atrium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Atrial operation\" is a SNOMED grouper concept covering any surgical operation on the cardiac atria, which corresponds most closely to the ICHI organizational block \"Interventions on heart, atrium\" (BlockL4-HAA), itself a grouping that contains all left atrial, right atrial, atrial septal, and unspecified atrial interventions. Because BlockL4-HAA encompasses the full range of possible atrial operations rather than a single procedure type, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, making \"wider\" the appropriate equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "287696002", "display" : "Atrial overdrive pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Atrial overdrive pacing is a specific technique for terminating atrial tachyarrhythmias by delivering rapid pacing stimuli to interrupt the re-entrant circuit, which is an instance of arrhythmia conversion. HFC.SC.AH is broader because it does not specify the atrial site, the overdrive/burst pacing method, or that it is pacing-based rather than electrical shock or pharmacological conversion." }] }, { "code" : "61522002", "display" : "Atrial septectomy by blade method", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Atrial septectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.JJ.AA covers atrial septectomy as a general procedure but does not encode the specific blade catheter technique (Park blade septostomy) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing all methods of atrial septectomy without specifying the percutaneous blade approach." }] }, { "code" : "31415001", "display" : "Atrial septostomy by blade method", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of atrial septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.FA.AA captures the core intervention — cutting/incising the atrial septum to create or enlarge an interatrial communication — which is the functional intent of blade (Park) septostomy, but the ICHI code does not specify the percutaneous catheter-delivered blade technique and uses an open-approach means axis (AA), making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific blade-catheter method." }] }, { "code" : "233043007", "display" : "Atrial septostomy operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of atrial septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Atrial septostomy operation\" in SNOMED is a broad grouping concept covering all approaches (open surgical, balloon, blade) to creating an opening in the atrial septum, whereas HAD.FA.AA specifies incision via an open approach (FA = incision, AA = open), making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single ICHI code covers all septostomy modalities, and incision of the atrial septum is the closest structural and anatomical match available in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "69220007", "display" : "Atrioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for atrioplasty (plastic repair of the atrium), and no generic \"repair of atrium\" category exists in the atrium blocks; HZZ.MK.AA covers cardiac repair procedures not captured by more specific codes, making it the best available fit but broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically an atrial procedure." }] }, { "code" : "233164009", "display" : "Atrioventricular disconnection operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AA", "display" : "Ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AA covers ablation of the entire cardiac conduction system via open surgical approach, which encompasses AV disconnection but is broader — it does not specify the AV node/junction as the specific target. The SNOMED concept is more granular, referring specifically to surgical disconnection at the atrioventricular level rather than the conduction system as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "232879007", "display" : "Atrioventricular (non-mitral, non-tricuspid) valve operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HDM", "display" : "Interventions on congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a non-specific operation on an AV valve that is neither mitral nor tricuspid — exactly the anatomy covered by ICHI's \"congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve\" block. The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses all specific intervention types (repair, replacement, reconstruction, dilatation, etc.) under that target, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify the procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "371910005", "display" : "Atrioventricular sequential pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to dual-chamber or AV sequential pacing mode; HFC.DN.AF is the closest match as it covers permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation (the standard approach for AV sequential/dual-chamber systems), but is broader because it also encompasses single-chamber pacemakers and defibrillator systems without distinguishing pacing mode." }] }, { "code" : "231361000", "display" : "Attention to catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to catheter\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering care activities for any catheter type (vascular, urinary, etc.), while IZE.SN.AF specifically covers management of vascular devices; no body-system-agnostic \"catheter care\" code exists in ICHI, making this the best available match but the SNOMED concept is semantically broader than this site-specific ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "265548004", "display" : "Attention to central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to central venous catheter\" covers a range of care activities (flushing, dressing change, patency assessment, site inspection) directed at a specific device — a central venous catheter — whereas IZD.SN.AF \"Maintaining intravenous access\" captures the overarching maintenance function but does not restrict to central venous catheters, making the ICHI code broader in target scope. No more specific ICHI code exists for CVC-specific ongoing care." }] }, { "code" : "1287773004", "display" : "Attention to device", "target" : [{ "code" : "SN", "display" : "Management of internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to device\" in SNOMED is a broad, body-system-agnostic concept covering checking, adjusting, or caring for any medical device; ICHI's SN (Management of internal device) is the closest representable concept, but as an action-axis code it is broader in that it does not narrow to a specific device or body system, and ICHI has no single assignable leaf code that captures device management generically across all device types." }] }, { "code" : "236223001", "display" : "Attention to drainage of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC captures the ongoing maintenance and care of a bladder drainage device (e.g., indwelling catheter), which aligns with the SNOMED concept's meaning of attending to an existing bladder drainage system. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses management of any internal device in the urinary bladder, not exclusively drainage devices or catheter-specific care." }] }, { "code" : "230941005", "display" : "Attention to intracranial pressure measuring device", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device placed in the ventricles of the brain, which aligns closely with \"attention to\" (i.e., ongoing care/maintenance of) an intracranial pressure measuring device typically sited intraventricularly. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it applies to any ventricular internal device (not exclusively ICP monitors), and does not restrict to pressure-measuring devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "171741002", "display" : "Attention to neurostimulator adjacent to spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies attention specifically to a neurostimulator (a particular device type) adjacent to the spinal cord. ICHI lacks a code specific to neurostimulator management at this site, making this the closest available code while encompassing a wider range of spinal canal device types." }] }, { "code" : "225141004", "display" : "Attention to skin creases", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to skin creases\" is a specific nursing task of cleaning and maintaining skin fold areas on a patient, which ICHI maps to performing caring for body parts (SMC.RA.ZZ) — the closest available concept. The ICHI code is wider because it covers caring for any body part by or for a patient, not specifically skin crease/intertriginous area maintenance, and ICHI has no more granular code for this particular intervention." }] }, { "code" : "1287775006", "display" : "Attention to stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of stoma, NEC\" covers the ongoing hands-on care of a stoma (the PTD block targets artificial body openings/stomas specifically, and the SN action axis denotes management/adjustment), which maps well to \"attention to stoma,\" but the ICHI code is broader in scope — it encompasses any management of a stoma rather than the specific, discrete episode of attention implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "240919008", "display" : "Balloon cardiac valvotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category for balloon dilatation of an unspecified cardiac valve; instead it provides valve-specific codes (HDE.LG.AF aortic, HDF.LG.AF mitral, HDG.LG.AF pulmonary, HDH.LG.AF tricuspid), each of which is narrower than the SNOMED concept. The block BlockL4-HDE is the only ICHI entity that encompasses balloon valvotomy across all cardiac valves, though it is broader as it covers all types of heart valve interventions, not just balloon dilatation." }] }, { "code" : "445758008", "display" : "Balloon compression of trigeminal ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Balloon compression of the trigeminal ganglion is a percutaneous procedure that mechanically destroys trigeminal nerve fibres at the Gasserian ganglion, matching the target (cranial nerve), action (destruction), and approach (percutaneous) of AAN.GA.AE. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any cranial nerve and any percutaneous destruction technique, not specifically the trigeminal ganglion or balloon method." }] }, { "code" : "715277008", "display" : "Balloon dilation of bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and fluoroscopic guidance implied by the SNOMED concept, as fluoroscopy is the standard guidance modality for percutaneous biliary dilation; however, the ICHI code is broader because it requires \"insertion of device\" (implying stent placement) whereas the SNOMED concept describes balloon dilation alone, and ICHI does not have a separate plain balloon dilatation code (action LG) for the bile duct target." }] }, { "code" : "698643003", "display" : "Balloon dilation of coarctation of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code correctly captures the target (aortic arch, where coarctation occurs), the action (transluminal dilatation), and the percutaneous approach used in balloon dilation, making it the closest available ICHI match. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the indication is coarctation nor that the instrument is a balloon catheter." }] }, { "code" : "719919003", "display" : "Balloon dilation of colon using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.LG.AD correctly captures the target (colon) and action (dilatation via endoscopic approach), but the ICHI code does not encode the specific balloon instrument or the fluoroscopic guidance that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233152001", "display" : "Balloon dilation of conduit", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of cardiac conduit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a cardiac conduit (the same procedure), but the ICHI action axis (LG = dilatation) does not restrict the means to balloon specifically, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names balloon as the instrument. The SNOMED concept also does not specify percutaneous/transluminal approach, though balloon dilation of a cardiac conduit is almost exclusively performed by that route, so the two are clinically near-equivalent but ICHI is nominally broader on technique." }] }, { "code" : "386785005", "display" : "Balloon dilation of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD correctly captures the oesophagus target and dilatation action performed via an endoscopic approach, which matches the typical delivery route for balloon dilation of the esophagus. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all endoscopic dilatation techniques (including bougie/wire-guided methods), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the balloon instrument specifically." }] }, { "code" : "386786006", "display" : "Balloon dilation of esophageal stricture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD captures the endoscopic approach to oesophageal dilatation, which aligns with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the balloon technique as the means (no oesophageal balloon-specific code exists in ICHI), nor does it specify that the target is a stricture — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718491001", "display" : "Balloon dilation of esophagus using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AC covers dilatation of the oesophagus via a percutaneous (non-endoscopic) approach, which aligns with the fluoroscopy-guided balloon technique described in the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the balloon instrument or fluoroscopic guidance modality. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it encompasses any non-endoscopic oesophageal dilatation method." }] }, { "code" : "232835009", "display" : "Balloon dilation of implanted aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDE.LG.AF captures the percutaneous balloon dilatation technique at the aortic valve position, which aligns with the procedure type, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between native and implanted (prosthetic) valves — the SNOMED concept specifically targets a previously implanted valve prosthesis. No ICHI code exists that narrows the target to a prosthetic aortic valve for dilatation." }] }, { "code" : "232770003", "display" : "Balloon dilation of implanted mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the mitral valve in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not specifically restrict to an already-implanted (prosthetic) valve — making the ICHI code broader. The procedure, approach, and target anatomy are otherwise a precise match." }] }, { "code" : "232869005", "display" : "Balloon dilation of implanted pulmonary valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDG.LG.AF captures the exact technique (percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation) and target anatomy (pulmonary valve), but does not restrict to an implanted/prosthetic valve — it covers native valves as well. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically describes dilation of a previously implanted pulmonary valve prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "232810003", "display" : "Balloon dilation of implanted tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of tricuspid valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDH.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the tricuspid valve, which matches the procedure type and approach, but it does not distinguish between a native valve and an implanted prosthetic valve as the SNOMED concept does. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing both native and prosthetic tricuspid valve balloon dilatations." }] }, { "code" : "232947002", "display" : "Balloon dilation of implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDI.LG.AF describes percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of the truncal valve, which matches the procedure technique and anatomical target precisely. However, the ICHI code does not restrict the intervention to an implanted (prosthetic) valve — it covers the native truncal valve as well — making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets a previously implanted valve." }] }, { "code" : "449403001", "display" : "Balloon dilation of recoarctation of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIK.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the aortic arch, which matches the balloon (percutaneous) approach and the anatomical site (aortic arch/isthmus) of coarctation and recoarctation. However, ICHI does not distinguish recoarctation (recurrent narrowing after prior repair) from a primary stenosis, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies treatment of a recurrent lesion." }] }, { "code" : "235338009", "display" : "Balloon dilation of stricture - large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the colon, which matches the body site (large intestine/colon) and the endoscopic approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify balloon technique or that the indication is a stricture." }] }, { "code" : "235294007", "display" : "Balloon dilation of stricture - small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the small intestine broadly, matching the endoscopic approach and target organ, but it does not specify the balloon technique or that the indication is a stricture, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code for balloon dilation of a small intestinal stricture exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "449227002", "display" : "Balloon dilation of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of pulmonary arterial tree", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HID.LG.AF matches the procedure's approach (percutaneous transluminal), instrument (balloon), and action (dilatation) applied to pulmonary arterial structures, but it covers dilatation of the native pulmonary arterial tree broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to dilation of a surgically created systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt (e.g., Blalock-Taussig shunt). No ICHI code exists for balloon dilatation specifically of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, making this the closest available but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "176373005", "display" : "Balloon dilation of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AC", "display" : "Transurethral dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.LG.AC captures the transurethral route and the dilatation action on the urethra, which aligns with the anatomical approach of balloon dilation of the urethra. However, ICHI has no specific code for the balloon instrument/technique (means axis AF is used for balloon in cardiovascular codes but no urethral balloon variant exists), so the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any transurethral dilatation method, not exclusively balloon-based." }] }, { "code" : "176167003", "display" : "Balloon distension of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder generally, which encompasses balloon distension (hydrodistension) as one technique, but the ICHI code does not encode the balloon-specific means that the SNOMED concept specifies. The ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing the procedural intent (dilatation) without the instrument/technique granularity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236924001", "display" : "Balloon tuboplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Balloon tuboplasty is a specific transcervical balloon catheter dilation of the fallopian tube; NMC.LG.AA captures the correct target (fallopian tube) and action (dilatation) but does not encode the balloon instrument or transcervical route, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "238164007", "display" : "Body wall and cavity procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PAA", "display" : "Interventions on topographical regions: trunk, head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for procedures on body walls (abdominal, thoracic) and cavities (peritoneal, pleural), which in ICHI spans multiple sub-blocks (PAL abdominal wall, PAF chest wall, KMA peritoneal cavity) all nested under the topographical trunk block BlockL4-PAA. No single assignable ICHI category or narrower block captures the full combined scope of \"body wall and cavity,\" making this parent block the best structural equivalent, though it is broader as it also includes head and neck topographical interventions." }] }, { "code" : "447759004", "display" : "Brachytherapy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.BA covers destruction of breast tissue by radiotherapy broadly, encompassing all radiotherapy modalities (external beam, brachytherapy, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to brachytherapy (internal/sealed-source radiation). ICHI has no dedicated code for breast brachytherapy specifically, making this the closest available code but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "431778005", "display" : "Brachytherapy of prostate using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.BA covers destruction of prostate tissue by radiotherapy broadly, which encompasses brachytherapy (interstitial seed implantation), but the ICHI code does not specify the brachytherapy modality or the fluoroscopic guidance used, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for prostate brachytherapy exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "440108009", "display" : "Bronchoscopy and insertion of intracavitary radioactive isotope using catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the core therapeutic intent — endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of bronchial lesion or tissue — but uses a generic \"endoscopic\" means axis rather than specifying the radioactive isotope/brachytherapy modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to intracavitary radioactive isotope delivery via catheter. No dedicated endobronchial brachytherapy code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "10814005", "display" : "Cannula declotting with balloon catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.JE.AA captures the core action of extracting an obstruction from a blood vessel, which aligns with the declotting intent of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify that the target is a cannula (a vascular access device) nor that the technique involves a balloon catheter. No ICHI code exists for cannula-specific or balloon catheter-specific declotting, making this the closest available residual category." }] }, { "code" : "2153008", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization education", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about the cardiac catheterization procedure; the ICHI code encompasses this but is not limited to catheterization-specific patient education. No more specific ICHI code exists for pre-procedural or catheterization-specific education." }] }, { "code" : "28364006", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, left heart, by left ventricular puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF covers all left heart cardiac catheterisation regardless of access approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the direct left ventricular (transventricular) puncture technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader, not capturing the specific procedural means that distinguishes this concept from the standard retrograde arterial approach." }] }, { "code" : "91115007", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, left heart, combined transseptal and retrograde", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF captures the same core procedure — left heart cardiac catheterisation — but does not distinguish the specific combined transseptal and retrograde approach encoded in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for transseptal or retrograde left heart catheterisation exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "4992004", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, left heart, retrograde, percutaneous", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF precisely captures the left heart cardiac catheterisation target and action, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific approach qualifiers present in the SNOMED concept — namely the retrograde arterial route and the percutaneous access method — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67338003", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, left heart, transseptal", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF covers all left heart cardiac catheterisation regardless of access route, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the transseptal (interatrial septal puncture) approach. ICHI has no code that distinguishes transseptal from retrograde transaortic left heart catheterisation, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "44354003", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, right heart and left ventricular puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AB.AF", "display" : "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AB.AF covers the combined right and left heart catheterisation procedure, which aligns with the overall intent of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED concept specifies that left-sided access is achieved via direct ventricular puncture (a more specific technique) rather than the standard transarterial retrograde or transseptal approach implied by generic catheterisation. The ICHI code is therefore broader, not capturing the granular detail of direct LV puncture access." }] }, { "code" : "72055001", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, right heart and retrograde left", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AB.AF", "display" : "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AB.AF exactly captures the combined right and left heart catheterisation procedure described by the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not encode the specific retrograde approach to the left heart that the SNOMED concept specifies, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "38563006", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization, right heart and transseptal left", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AB.AF", "display" : "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AB.AF covers combined right and left heart catheterisation, matching the dual-sided scope of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the transseptal septal puncture access route from other left-heart access techniques (e.g., retrograde aortic), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702649007", "display" : "Cardiac catheterization using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AB.AF", "display" : "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AB.AF captures cardiac catheterisation via percutaneous transluminal approach on the heart without specifying laterality, which aligns with the non-laterality-specific SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance with contrast as a means within this code — that detail is captured only in separate angiocardiography codes (e.g., HZZ.BA.BB), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies fluoroscopic contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "18286008", "display" : "Catheter ablation of tissue of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AF captures the catheter-based (percutaneous transluminal) ablation approach and the cardiac target precisely, but the ICHI code narrows the target to the conducting system of the heart, whereas the SNOMED concept refers more generally to \"tissue of heart.\" Catheter ablation of the heart overwhelmingly targets the conduction system in clinical practice, making HFC.GA.AF the closest available ICHI match." }] }, { "code" : "266767009", "display" : "Catheter suction calculus removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JE.AA covers extraction of a calculus from the bladder but does not specify the catheter suction technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely names the catheter-based suction approach. No ICHI code captures the catheter-with-suction means for bladder stone removal, so this unspecified-approach code is the closest applicable match." }] }, { "code" : "287619008", "display" : "Catheter suction clot removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies catheter suction (aspiration) as the technique for clot removal from a blood vessel without specifying a vessel type, while the ICHI code captures the endovascular/catheter approach and extraction of obstruction but is broader in that it applies to arteries only (not veins) and does not specify the suction/aspiration means. The ICHI code is the closest available match capturing both the endovascular catheter-based approach and the obstruction-extraction action." }] }, { "code" : "234734002", "display" : "Cavity preparation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) is the closest available ICHI code, situated under \"Interventions on teeth\" within the digestive system hierarchy, and it encompasses the full restorative procedure including filling. Cavity preparation is specifically the preparatory step of removing decayed tissue and shaping the cavity prior to placing the restorative material, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to that preparatory phase." }] }, { "code" : "236965001", "display" : "Cervical ripening with drug", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.SH.AC", "display" : "Medical induction of labour, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.SH.AC covers all medical (pharmacological) induction of labour delivered per orifice (intracervical/vaginal route), which encompasses cervical ripening with drugs such as prostaglandins or misoprostol, but is broader because it also includes other per-orifice pharmacological agents and does not restrict the goal to cervical ripening specifically. The SNOMED concept is a narrower subset — drug-mediated cervical ripening — within the wider ICHI category of medical labour induction by that route." }] }, { "code" : "236962003", "display" : "Cervical ripening with Foley catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures both the mechanical dilation of the cervical canal and the insertion of a device (the Foley catheter balloon), which closely reflects the procedure's two key components. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (Foley/balloon catheter) or the clinical intent (cervical ripening for labour induction), meaning it also covers other instruments used for cervical dilation." }] }, { "code" : "398041008", "display" : "Cervical spine immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cervical external immobilisation device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LC.AH directly represents external immobilisation of the cervical spine via device application (e.g., cervical collar, halo brace), which is the primary clinical meaning of \"Cervical spine immobilization.\" The ICHI code is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it focuses on the act of applying an external device, while the SNOMED term could encompass immobilization by other means (e.g., manual stabilization); however, for clinical documentation purposes this is the closest available ICHI match, sitting within the \"Interventions on cervical vertebral column\" block." }] }, { "code" : "241020009", "display" : "Change of wound pack", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for wound packing change or replacement; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on changing (removing and re-applying) a wound pack. The removal/replacement aspect and the specificity of packing material are not captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "710956004", "display" : "Checking device safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for medical device safety checking; the closest match is \"Assessment of products and technology, unspecified,\" which covers the act of evaluating a product or technology but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways — it encompasses all products and technologies (not just medical devices) and does not specify the safety-focused purpose of the check." }] }, { "code" : "225200000", "display" : "Checking intravenous tubing for air bubbles", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Maintaining intravenous access\" is the only ICHI code covering ongoing management of an IV line, and checking tubing for air bubbles is one specific safety-inspection task performed as part of that maintenance activity. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all aspects of IV access upkeep, not just the air-bubble inspection step." }] }, { "code" : "1230152005", "display" : "Checking of alarm", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for checking or testing an alarm device; UA1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any product or technology, which subsumes alarm checking but applies equally to any product/technology assessment activity, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No narrower or more specific ICHI code exists for alarm verification or alarm testing." }] }, { "code" : "225718003", "display" : "Checking position of endotracheal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for verifying endotracheal tube position; JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function) is the closest match as checking ETT position is an assessment act within the respiratory system, but the ICHI code is broader — covering any respiratory function assessment rather than the specific clinical act of confirming mechanical tube placement in the trachea." }] }, { "code" : "35446008", "display" : "Chemical cauterization of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.GA.AH captures the core clinical intent — external destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue — which aligns with chemical cauterization of a wound. However, it is broader because it covers all modalities of external skin destruction (not just chemical), does not specify that the target is a wound, and is the NEC residual category for any skin site not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "310221001", "display" : "Chemical inactivation of non-adherent skin contaminant", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemical inactivation of a non-adherent skin contaminant involves applying a neutralising/inactivating chemical agent to the skin surface, which aligns with the ICHI concept of externally applying a substance to skin. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any external topical application to skin for any purpose and does not specify decontamination, inactivation of a contaminant, or the non-adherent nature of the target substance." }] }, { "code" : "288176006", "display" : "Circulation maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Circulation maintenance\" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing any intervention to sustain or restore circulatory function (CPR, vasopressors, cardiac assist, etc.), whereas HT2.MC.AH specifically denotes cardiopulmonary resuscitation — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept, i.e., the SNOMED concept is wider. No ICHI assignable code exists for general circulatory maintenance, so CPR under the \"Interventions on functions of cardiovascular system\" block is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "314124008", "display" : "Cleaning of skin wound of head or neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's debridement without incision (LAA.JG.AH) covers the same anatomical site (skin of head or neck) and the same non-incisional cleansing action as the SNOMED concept, making it the closest available match. However, ICHI is slightly wider because \"debridement\" can encompass more than simple cleaning (e.g., mechanical removal of necrotic tissue), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to wound cleaning/washing." }] }, { "code" : "60482008", "display" : "Clip and clean wound site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SI.ZZ", "display" : "Preparation of skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Preparation of skin\" (LZZ.SI.ZZ) covers the general concept of preparing the skin surface, which encompasses both the clipping (hair removal) and cleaning components of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify the wound site context or the combined two-step nature (clipping plus cleansing). No more specific ICHI code exists for preoperative or wound-site skin preparation." }] }, { "code" : "8367003", "display" : "Clipping nails of patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMC.RA.ZZ covers the performance of any body-part care task, of which nail clipping is one specific instance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for nail clipping specifically as a hygiene/nursing activity; the surgical nail codes (LBD/LBF blocks) address clinical procedures such as excision and debridement, not routine grooming." }] }, { "code" : "443011008", "display" : "Closure of superficial wound dehiscence", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying body region, which aligns well with the concept of closing a dehisced superficial wound, but it is broader because it encompasses all forms of skin/subcutaneous repair (not just dehiscence closure specifically) and does not encode the clinical context of wound breakdown or secondary re-closure." }] }, { "code" : "14600001000004107", "display" : "Closure of wound of ankle with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.MK.AA covers repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue across the entire lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the ankle and specifies the use of a flap technique; the ICHI code would need a flap extension (e.g., & XG1UU3 Local flap) to approach equivalence, making it broader in both anatomical scope and technique specificity." }] }, { "code" : "425680009", "display" : "Cognitive behavioral therapy by multidisciplinary team", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode specific psychotherapy modalities (CBT, DBT, etc.) or team composition, so the best available code captures only that psychotherapy is applied at the level of the whole person, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity regarding both the CBT technique and the multidisciplinary team delivery." }] }, { "code" : "718026005", "display" : "Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the action (psychotherapy) applied to mental functions but has no means code distinguishing CBT from other psychotherapy modalities, and no condition-specific target for psychosis or schizophrenia, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. AS1.PQ.ZZ is the most appropriate available code as CBT for psychosis is a psychotherapy intervention targeting mental functions, with the specific modality and condition subsumed under the unspecified classifier." }] }, { "code" : "699873000", "display" : "Collection of blood via arterial catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.JH.AF captures both the blood collection action (JH) and the catheter means (AF), directly reflecting the \"via arterial catheter\" aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers collection of blood products in addition to blood, and does not distinguish arterial from venous catheter access." }] }, { "code" : "40834003", "display" : "Complex surgical repair of wounds of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk via open approach, which aligns well with the anatomical site and surgical intent, but the ICHI code does not encode the \"complex\" nature (e.g., multilayer closure) or the wound aetiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443581005", "display" : "Composite autograft with primary closure of donor site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.ML.AA covers skin grafts broadly but does not capture the composite nature of the autograft (involving multiple tissue types such as skin and cartilage) nor the primary closure of the donor site, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for composite tissue autografts or donor site management as a combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "230848003", "display" : "Connection from brain lesion to subcutaneous reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific neurosurgical procedure creating a catheter connection from a brain lesion to a subcutaneous reservoir (e.g., Ommaya reservoir), which is fundamentally an open insertion of a device into the brain. ICHI's AAA.DL.AA captures the core surgical act and target but is broader, covering any device insertion into the brain rather than specifically the lesion-to-subcutaneous-reservoir configuration." }] }, { "code" : "11429006", "display" : "Consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"consultation\" code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents a whole-person health management encounter of unspecified type, which is the broadest available container for the generic act of consultation. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any health management encounter, not solely a consultation event." }] }, { "code" : "229837008", "display" : "Contouring of a nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Onychoplasty of toenail", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Onychoplasty (nail reshaping/reconstruction) is the closest ICHI concept to nail contouring, as both involve altering the shape or form of the nail; however, LBF.ML.AA is broader — it covers reconstructive nail procedures generally, is scoped to the toenail specifically, and does not capture the simple, non-invasive surface-smoothing nature of \"contouring.\" No dedicated ICHI code for nail trimming, filing, or contouring exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "439115008", "display" : "Contouring of forehead", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cranial osteoplasty (plastic remodelling/reshaping of the skull) is the closest ICHI concept to forehead contouring, as both involve surgical reshaping of cranial bone. However, the ICHI code covers the entire skull rather than being specific to the forehead/frontal bone, and encompasses both reconstructive and aesthetic indications, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "10002003", "display" : "Resection of stomach fundus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial gastrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Resection of the stomach fundus is a partial gastrectomy by definition, but ICHI does not further distinguish which sub-region of the stomach is removed (fundus, body, antrum, etc.), so KBF.JJ.AA captures the procedure type but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the fundus as the resected portion." }] }, { "code" : "1001000", "display" : "Cauterization of Bartholin's gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically cauterization of the Bartholin gland — a sub-structure of the vulva. ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block nor a cauterization-specific means code, making this the closest assignable category but broader in both anatomical target and technique." }] }, { "code" : "1001000087107", "display" : "Ultrasonography of calf of right lower leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies ultrasound of the calf muscles of the right lower leg, while ICHI's only ultrasound-of-muscle code (MRM.BA.BJ) covers muscle at an unspecified site with no lower-leg-specific or laterality-specific equivalent available. The ICHI code is broader as it lacks both the body-site specificity (calf/lower leg) and the laterality (right) present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "10019001", "display" : "Incision and drainage of infected bursa of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for bursa of the wrist; MFJ.JB.AA covers open drainage at the wrist joint, which is the closest anatomical and procedural match, but it is broader because it targets the joint generally rather than the bursa specifically and does not capture the infection context or the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1002223009", "display" : "Assessment of progress toward goals to achieve food security", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food broadly (under the environmental \"Interventions on food\" block), which encompasses food security evaluation, but is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specific dimension of monitoring progress toward care-plan goals. ICHI has no dedicated code for food security goal-progress assessment, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "1002224003", "display" : "Assessment for food insecurity", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which broadly encompasses evaluating food availability, access, and security status. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because \"Assessment of food\" covers any food-related assessment (e.g., nutritional content, safety), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically narrowed to assessing food insecurity as a social determinant of health." }] }, { "code" : "1002225002", "display" : "Assessment of barriers in food insecurity care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which broadly encompasses the act of assessing food-related issues including food insecurity. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to evaluating barriers within an existing food insecurity care plan — a more focused clinical activity that ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "1003472007", "display" : "Referral to patient navigation service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral to any health provider broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies referral to the particular service type of patient navigation (a care coordination/support role). The ICHI code is semantically wider as it encompasses all health provider referrals, not just those directed at patient navigation services." }] }, { "code" : "1003619004", "display" : "External fixation of mandible with arch bars", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LC.AH", "display" : "External immobilisation of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.LC.AH captures the core procedure — external immobilisation of the mandible — which is precisely what arch bar fixation achieves, but the ICHI code does not specify the means (arch bars vs. other external appliances such as splints or external fixators), making it broader than the SNOMED concept that explicitly names arch bars as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "1003700002", "display" : "Assessment using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for scoring-tool-based assessments, critical care severity scales, or organ failure scoring. \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) covers whole-person assessment interventions, which is the broadest applicable category, but it is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept's specific scope of applying the SOFA scoring instrument in a critical care context." }] }, { "code" : "1004036000", "display" : "Removal of filament of anterior surface of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cornea without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Corneal filaments (mucus-epithelial strands in filamentary keratitis) are removed from the corneal surface without incision, which aligns with the non-incisional approach in BBB.JD.AH; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any foreign body or device removal from the cornea, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to filament removal from the anterior corneal surface." }] }, { "code" : "1004045004", "display" : "Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE precisely captures the target (vitreous body) and action (injection via needle/percutaneous means), which fully aligns with the intravitreal route of administration. However, ICHI does not encode the specific pharmacological agent (anti-VEGF) at the category level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1004084009", "display" : "Intense pulsed light therapy of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy; BAA.GA.AH covers destruction/ablation of eyelid tissue with unspecified means (AH), making it the closest structural match since IPL applies photothermal energy to the eyelid, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any destructive modality rather than IPL specifically and does not capture IPL's primary therapeutic use for meibomian gland dysfunction rather than lesion destruction." }] }, { "code" : "1004085005", "display" : "Injection of filling material into eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.DB.AE precisely matches the target (eyelid) and action (injection), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any injection into the eyelid regardless of substance, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies that the injected material is a filling/augmentation substance (e.g. dermal filler). No more specific ICHI code exists for filler injection into the eyelid." }] }, { "code" : "1004086006", "display" : "Meibography", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Meibography is a specific infrared imaging technique to visualize meibomian gland morphology within the eyelids, whereas BTF.AA.ZZ broadly covers any assessment of structures adjoining the eye (eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, etc.) without specifying the imaging modality or the meibomian gland target. ICHI lacks a dedicated eyelid/meibomian gland imaging code, so this is the closest non-residual code in the visual system hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "1004087002", "display" : "Neostigmine test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The neostigmine test is a pharmacological challenge specifically targeting neuromuscular junction function (used to diagnose myasthenia gravis), whereas MU2.AC.ZZ is a broad NEC category covering any test of muscle functions, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code exists for anticholinesterase diagnostic testing or neuromuscular junction provocation tests." }] }, { "code" : "1004088007", "display" : "Ice pack test", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ice pack test is a specific bedside provocation test of eyelid neuromuscular function (levator palpebrae) used to diagnose ocular myasthenia gravis, while BTF.AC.ZZ covers any functional test of structures adjoining the eye (including lacrimal, eyelid, and adnexal structures) without specifying the cooling stimulus or the myasthenic diagnostic purpose. No more specific ICHI code exists for this test." }] }, { "code" : "1004109000", "display" : "Assessment of goals to achieve food security", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ is the only assessment code within the ICHI food interventions block (BlockL4-UAB) and covers assessment of food broadly, without distinguishing between assessing goals, progress toward goals, or food security status specifically. The ICHI code is therefore wider than this SNOMED concept, and consistent with the mapping already applied to the closely related concept 1002223009." }] }, { "code" : "1004110005", "display" : "Coordination of resources to address food insecurity", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.TD.ZZ covers collaborative and partnership-building interventions related to food broadly, which encompasses but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of coordinating resources targeted at food insecurity. The ICHI code does not capture the explicit focus on insecurity/deprivation or the resource-mobilisation framing, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1004116004", "display" : "Measurement of lactic acid in urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" covers all chemical/biochemical measurements performed on urine specimens, making it the correct specimen type and analytical domain, but it is a broad category that encompasses many analytes beyond lactic acid. No ICHI code exists specifically for urinary lactate or lactic acid measurement, so this broader extension code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "1004143009", "display" : "Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid in urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is a broad catch-all category covering chemical analysis performed on urine specimens, which encompasses the specific quantitative measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (a tyrosine metabolite used in tyrosinemia screening) in urine. ICHI does not have codes at the level of individual analytes within urine chemistry, making this the best available but considerably broader match." }] }, { "code" : "1004169003", "display" : "Measurement of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is an ICHI extension code covering chemical analysis of urine specimens broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is a highly specific measurement of a single tyrosine metabolite (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in urine. ICHI has no code for individual organic acid or phenolic acid analytes in urine, making this broader category the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "1004170002", "display" : "Measurement of neutral amino acid in urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urine chemistry\" is a broad extension code covering chemical analysis of urine specimens, of which neutral amino acid measurement is one specific type. The ICHI code does not distinguish between different analytes or classes of compounds measured in urine, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1004172005", "display" : "Measurement of 3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid in urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urine chemistry\" is the broadest applicable ICHI category covering chemical analysis performed on urine specimens, under which measurement of a specific organic acid metabolite (3-hydroxydicarboxylic acid) would fall; however, ICHI does not have any code for organic acid profiling or individual metabolite quantification in urine, making this a broader grouping than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010191006", "display" : "Bisection of left ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bisection of the ovary is a specific cutting procedure that divides the ovary into two halves, which falls within the ICHI action of incision (FA axis); however, NMA.FA.AA covers any incision of the ovary and does not specify the bisection technique or left laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010192004", "display" : "Bisection of right ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.FA.AA (Incision of ovary) is the nearest ICHI code, as bisection is a specific form of incision/division of the ovary, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any incision of the ovary without specifying bisection, and it does not capture the right-side laterality specified in the SNOMED concept (which would need an ICHI extension code)." }] }, { "code" : "1010222004", "display" : "Occlusion of left fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA is a direct semantic match for the procedure — occlusion of fallopian tube — but ICHI does not distinguish laterality, so the code covers both tubes (bilateral or unspecified), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the left fallopian tube only. Laterality can be appended as an ICHI extension code if required." }] }, { "code" : "1010223009", "display" : "Occlusion of right fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA precisely captures the procedure (occlusion of fallopian tube) and its action axis LA (occlusion) on the correct target NMC (fallopian tube), but it does not distinguish laterality — it refers to fallopian tubes in general rather than specifically the right tube. The SNOMED concept's right-sided specificity can be appended as an ICHI extension code for laterality, but the base code itself is broader." }] }, { "code" : "432021006", "display" : "Administration of substance via intracavernous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGM", "display" : "Interventions on penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intracavernous injection (injection of a substance into the corpus cavernosum of the penis); the penis block (NGM) contains no DB-action (injection) category code, so the organisational block \"Interventions on penis\" is the closest valid assignment. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the anatomical target (corpus cavernosum) and the route of administration (intracavernous injection)." }] }, { "code" : "10053002", "display" : "Irrigation of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at an unspecified site within the musculoskeletal system, which encompasses the tendon sheath but is broader and does not specifically target the tendon sheath. No ICHI code exists specifically for tendon sheath irrigation." }] }, { "code" : "10071009", "display" : "Anti-streptokinase assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An anti-streptokinase assay is a specific serological test measuring antibody levels against streptokinase; DTB.AC.ZZ covers all tests of immunological system function broadly and is therefore considerably wider. No more specific ICHI code exists for streptokinase antibody testing." }] }, { "code" : "10072002", "display" : "Fluorescent antibody measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to fluorescent antibody (immunofluorescence) techniques; DTB.AB.ZZ broadly covers measurement of immunological system functions, encompassing fluorescent antibody measurement as one method but without capturing the fluorescence-based technique." }] }, { "code" : "10075000", "display" : "Photochemotherapy with tar and ultraviolet B", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SC.AH covers phototherapy to skin/subcutaneous tissue broadly, capturing the UVB component of the Goeckerman regimen, but does not specify concurrent use of tar (a topical chemical sensitiser), making it broader than the SNOMED concept of combined photochemotherapy with tar and UVB." }] }, { "code" : "1008006", "display" : "Operation on nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ACA", "display" : "Interventions on peripheral nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated category code for nerve ganglion operations; nerve ganglia (peripheral, autonomic, dorsal root, cranial) fall structurally within the peripheral nervous system block, making BlockL4-ACA the most appropriate umbrella, broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all peripheral nerve interventions beyond ganglia." }] }, { "code" : "10088002", "display" : "Revision of jejunoileal bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for jejunoileal bypass revision; \"Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified\" (action MK = repair/reconstruction) best captures the corrective/revisional surgical intent but is broader as it covers any repair of the small intestine rather than specifically revising a prior jejunoileal bypass anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "101000087107", "display" : "Fluoroscopic retrograde pyelography of right renal pelvis with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB covers imaging of the renal pelvis with contrast medium, aligning with the core procedure, but is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic modality, retrograde approach, or laterality (right side) — all captured in the SNOMED concept. Laterality could be appended as an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "409063005", "display" : "Counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ captures generic counselling applied to the whole person without body-system specificity, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to the broad SNOMED \"Counseling\" concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because its \"not elsewhere classified\" framing groups residual counselling interventions that do not fit more specific body-system targets, whereas the SNOMED concept is intended as a true top-level category for all counselling." }] }, { "code" : "230961004", "display" : "Cranial nerve neurostimulator electrode procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of cranial nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a grouper covering multiple electrode procedures (insertion, removal, replacement) for cranial nerve neurostimulators, while AAN.DL.AA covers only open insertion of a cranial nerve device. AAN.DL.AA is the most representative single ICHI code for this group as electrode insertion is the primary procedure, but ICHI has no single code capturing the full neurostimulator electrode procedure group, making the SNOMED concept wider than any single ICHI category here." }] }, { "code" : "79093007", "display" : "Craniotomy with treatment of penetrating wound of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a craniotomy performed specifically to treat a penetrating brain wound (implying debridement of devitalised tissue, foreign matter, and contamination), while the ICHI code covers debridement of brain tissue broadly without specifying the craniotomy approach or the penetrating wound aetiology. No ICHI code combines craniotomy with brain wound treatment as a single concept, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "234740009", "display" : "Crown preparation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the preparatory step of shaping a tooth to receive a dental crown. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses the full restoration (including crown fitting and other restorative types), while crown preparation is only one component of that process." }] }, { "code" : "718533003", "display" : "CT guided insertion of fiducial marker into kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fiducial marker insertion into the kidney; NAA.DB.AE (Injection into kidney) is the closest available code as it covers percutaneous delivery of material into the kidney parenchyma, but it is broader — it does not capture the CT guidance, the nature of the material (a fiducial/radiation therapy marker), or the placement intent specific to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1356870009", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach and implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal/abdominal cavity, which aligns with inserting a fiducial marker into the abdomen; however, ICHI is broader because it does not specify the device type (fiducial marker) nor the CT guidance (which can be appended as extension code XG2209)." }] }, { "code" : "1356868000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.DN.AE captures the three defining procedural features — percutaneous approach, implantation of a device, and bone as the target — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify CT guidance, the device type (fiducial marker), or the clinical purpose (radiotherapy targeting). No ICHI-specific code for fiducial marker implantation into bone exists, making this the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "1356869008", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.DN.AA captures the core intervention (implantation of a device into the pelvis) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies CT guidance, a percutaneous approach, and a fiducial marker as the device type — none of which are encoded in the ICHI title or means axis (AA = open, whereas the SNOMED concept is percutaneous). No percutaneous (AE) variant exists for this pelvic target in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "302393006", "display" : "Curettage of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Curettage of a wound is a specific sharp-instrument technique for removing devitalized tissue (a subset of debridement without incision), but ICHI codes debridement at the tissue/body-region level without distinguishing curettage as a distinct method; the \"not elsewhere classified\" residual code is used because no body-region-specific code applies to a generic wound. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all non-incisional debridement methods of skin/subcutaneous tissue, not just curettage." }] }, { "code" : "697972001", "display" : "Cutting of hair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cutting of hair\" is a specific act of caring for a body part (the hair/scalp), which falls within the ICHI concept of performing the task of caring for body parts under the self-care activity domain. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses caring for any body part through any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about cutting hair." }] }, { "code" : "229832002", "display" : "Cutting toenails", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of nail of toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for routine nail cutting or trimming as a self-care/nursing hygiene activity; LBF.JJ.AA (Partial excision of nail of toe) is the closest available code covering the act of removing part of a toenail, but it is framed as a clinical/surgical intervention and is broader in scope, encompassing therapeutic nail procedures beyond simple routine cutting." }] }, { "code" : "236197000", "display" : "Cystoscopy and bulb catheter ureteropyelography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB represents contrast imaging of the renal pelvis and pyeloureteral junction (the primary diagnostic purpose of the SNOMED procedure), but ICHI does not capture the specific retrograde/transurethral approach via cystoscopy and bulb catheter, making the ICHI code broader. The SNOMED concept is more specific in encoding both the access method (cystoscopy with bulb catheter) and the imaging target (ureter and renal pelvis combined)." }] }, { "code" : "19697009", "display" : "Debridement and suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a combined debridement-plus-suture code; LZZ.MK.AA captures the repair/suture closure component of the procedure but omits the debridement step entirely, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the specific combined SNOMED concept. The \"not elsewhere classified\" residual code is appropriate given that no body region is specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "41502005", "display" : "Debridement of forehead lacerations", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue across the entire head or neck region, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to the forehead specifically; additionally, ICHI does not capture the laceration context. The \"without incision\" variant is the better fit because debridement of an existing laceration does not require creating a new incision." }] }, { "code" : "27930000", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JG.AA covers debridement of bone at any unspecified site, which captures the bone debridement action performed in an open fracture procedure, but is broader because ICHI does not encode the \"open fracture\" wound context (compound injury with skin breach) that is semantically central to the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code for fracture wound debridement or open-fracture-specific debridement exists." }] }, { "code" : "1287919004", "display" : "Debridement of pacemaker pocket", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pacemaker pocket is a subcutaneous space in the trunk, so debridement of it falls anatomically within debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the trunk. ICHI has no concept specific to the pacemaker pocket, making LAB.JG.AA wider — it covers any trunk subcutaneous debridement, not exclusively the device pocket site." }] }, { "code" : "85875009", "display" : "Debridement of wound of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JG.AA covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision across any body site (NEC), which directly matches the procedural concept of surgical wound debridement of skin; however, the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses the subcutaneous tissue (not just skin) and does not restrict the context to a wound, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446247009", "display" : "Debridement of wound of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb broadly (not limited to wounds), making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to wound debridement. The ICHI code also specifies an open/incision approach (means AA), adding a dimension not present in the SNOMED concept, but LAE.JG.AA remains the closest available category given no wound-specific upper limb debridement code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "225149002", "display" : "Debridement of wound with topical agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JG.AH captures the core procedure (debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue, without incision) which aligns with topical/non-surgical wound debridement, but ICHI does not encode the specific means of \"topical agent\" (chemical, enzymatic, or autolytic), nor does it specify wound location, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171799001", "display" : "Denervation of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a joint-specific denervation code; \"Destruction of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.GA.AA) captures the core intervention — ablating the nerve supply — but is broader because it applies to any peripheral nerve, not specifically the articular branches supplying a joint. The joint-specific anatomical context of the SNOMED concept is lost in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "426444008", "display" : "Denervation of trigeminal nerve (V)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.GA.AA captures the destructive action on a cranial nerve (the correct body-part axis and action), but it applies to any cranial nerve, not specifically the trigeminal (CN V); the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than this ICHI code. The trigeminal specificity would need to be conveyed via an ICHI extension code (& XA72G0)." }] }, { "code" : "108241001", "display" : "Dialysis procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Dialysis procedure\" is a broad grouping that encompasses all dialysis modalities (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy, etc.), whereas NAA.JC.AF represents specifically renal/extracorporeal dialysis — making the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code. No single ICHI assignable category covers the full scope of the SNOMED grouping concept." }] }, { "code" : "303581009", "display" : "Diaphragm pacemaker procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.DL.AA captures the core surgical act of implanting a device into the diaphragm, which aligns with the primary component of a diaphragm pacemaker procedure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device insertion into the diaphragm and does not specify electrical stimulation or pacing function, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically implies a neurostimulation/pacing system (electrode and generator) for respiratory support." }] }, { "code" : "397403008", "display" : "Diaphragm pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.SC.BP", "display" : "Stimulation of spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diaphragm pacing works by electrically stimulating the phrenic nerve, which originates from cervical spinal roots (C3-C5), making ABN.SC.BP (Stimulation of spinal nerve) the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers stimulation of any spinal nerve for any purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the therapeutic use of phrenic/diaphragmatic stimulation to drive respiratory function." }] }, { "code" : "427331009", "display" : "Digital assisted intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC covers all methods of endotracheal tube insertion, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the finger-guided (digital/tactile) technique; ICHI has no means axis code to distinguish this approach, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269109006", "display" : "Digital breast tomosynthesis guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast, which correctly captures the target (breast), action (device insertion), and approach (percutaneous) of this procedure. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specific imaging guidance modality (digital breast tomosynthesis) or the specific device type (radiofrequency identifier tag)." }] }, { "code" : "281572005", "display" : "Direct current cardiac shock", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers all methods of arrhythmia conversion (pharmacological and electrical), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the direct current (electrical shock) modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for DC cardioversion or defibrillation alone within the conducting system of heart block." }] }, { "code" : "13142009", "display" : "Direct laryngoscopy with insertion of obturator", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the larynx via an endoscopic approach, which aligns with the core procedure (obturator insertion under direct laryngoscopy), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the device type (obturator) or the particular laryngoscopic technique (direct). No ICHI code exists that more precisely encodes both the direct laryngoscopy approach and obturator insertion simultaneously." }] }, { "code" : "223482009", "display" : "Discussion", "target" : [{ "code" : "SGD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about having a discussion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Discussion\" describes a generic communicative health act, while the closest ICHI assignable code SGD.PP.ZZ frames it specifically as counselling about having a discussion, making ICHI broader in the sense that it applies a counselling action qualifier the SNOMED concept does not imply. The SGD target axis in ICHI directly corresponds to \"discussion\" as the subject, but no plain \"performing a discussion\" action code exists, making this the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "765172009", "display" : "Doppler ultrasound", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Doppler ultrasound\" is a generic imaging modality applicable across any body region (vascular, cardiac, obstetric, etc.), whereas IZE.BA.BJ is restricted to ultrasound of unspecified blood vessels — making the ICHI code narrower in scope. No generic, site-independent Doppler ultrasound code exists in ICHI; IZE.BA.BJ is the broadest available NEC vessel ultrasound category and represents the primary clinical use case for Doppler ultrasound, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any single ICHI code can capture." }] }, { "code" : "1290829006", "display" : "Drainage of brain ventricle through previously implanted catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.JB.AA captures the core procedure (drainage of brain ventricles) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the drainage is performed through a previously implanted catheter, omitting the device-dependent route that is clinically significant in the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists that combines ventricular drainage with an already-implanted catheter approach." }] }, { "code" : "361189002", "display" : "Drainage of cerebrum by aspiration through previously implanted catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JB.AA covers drainage of the brain generally (action JB = drainage/aspiration, target AAA = brain, means AA = open/unspecified approach), which encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not capture the specific detail that the drainage is performed by aspiration through a previously implanted catheter (e.g., an Ommaya reservoir or similar device). ICHI has no code that encodes the implanted-catheter approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448142004", "display" : "Drainage of cyst of pancreas using catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.JB.AE captures the percutaneous (catheter-based) drainage approach on the pancreas, aligning well with the SNOMED concept's technique and target organ. However, the ICHI code targets the pancreas broadly rather than specifically a cyst within it, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "312728003", "display" : "Drainage of intersphincteric rectal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.JB.AA covers drainage of the anus broadly, which encompasses the intersphincteric space anatomically part of the anal canal region, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies a sinus tract specifically in the intersphincteric plane. No ICHI code exists for intersphincteric or anorectal sinus drainage specifically." }] }, { "code" : "836450003", "display" : "Drainage of seroma of breast using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous drainage of the breast generally, without specifying the type of fluid collection (seroma) or the instrument used (seroma catheter), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The percutaneous approach axis (AE) correctly captures the catheter-based, non-incisional nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1290738000", "display" : "Drainage of skin tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the same core procedure (open drainage of skin) without specifying a body region, matching the unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept, but its scope extends to subcutaneous cell tissue beyond the SNOMED \"skin tissue\" alone, making it marginally broader. All more specific ICHI drainage codes require a body-region qualifier (head/neck, trunk, limb) that the SNOMED concept does not imply." }] }, { "code" : "182531007", "display" : "Dressing of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous tissue broadly — not restricted to wounds — making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies dressing applied specifically to a wound. No more specific wound-targeted dressing code exists in the ICHI integumentary system hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "271462004", "display" : "Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: blood flow", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITB.AB.AH covers functional measurement of blood vessel physiology without presupposing an imaging modality, aligning with the non-imaging, probe-based isotope technique used to quantify blood flow in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide/isotope method, the dynamic time-series nature, or restrict the measurement to flow specifically." }] }, { "code" : "271461006", "display" : "Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.BA.BE", "display" : "Spleen scan or function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DJA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scan and function studies of the spleen broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the dynamic non-imaging (functional kinetic) variant, making the ICHI code wider. No more specific ICHI code exists for non-imaging isotope studies of the spleen." }] }, { "code" : "271458005", "display" : "Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) covers radioisotope-based lung studies using the \".BE\" means axis (consistent with other radioisotope scan codes across ICHI), which encompasses the nuclear medicine technique used in this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not distinguish between imaging scintigraphy and dynamic non-imaging isotope acquisition (kinetic/counts-based), so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "226008009", "display" : "Ear care", "target" : [{ "code" : "CZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the ear or mastoid, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Ear care\" is a broad, non-procedure-specific SNOMED concept covering any maintenance or care activity related to the ear, while CZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the designated residual assignable code for unspecified interventions on the ear or mastoid — making it broader than any specific ear procedure (such as irrigation or wax removal) but still correctly scoped to the ear. No ICHI category exists that directly represents \"ear care\" as a general concept, so the unspecified residual is the best available assignable code, though it nominally covers the mastoid as well, making it slightly wider in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "409073007", "display" : "Education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFS.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about improving health literacy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Education\" is a high-level, non-specific procedure representing any educational intervention in a health context, whereas ICHI's VFS.PM.ZZ scopes education specifically to improving health literacy — making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single assignable ICHI category covers generic health education across all targets; VFS.PM.ZZ is the best available approximation as health education and health literacy are its closest expression in ICHI's health-related behaviour section." }] }, { "code" : "1255510004", "display" : "Education about personal emergency response system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about any products and technology for personal use in daily living, which encompasses personal emergency response systems (wearable alarm devices used at home for safety and independence), but is broader as it is not specific to emergency response or alarm devices. No more specific ICHI code exists for education about personal emergency alarm systems specifically." }] }, { "code" : "68645009", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the aortoiliac embolectomy via abdominal incision described in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not specifically the aortoiliac segment) and includes endarterectomy broadly rather than catheter embolectomy specifically. ICHI lacks a dedicated embolectomy action code and does not model the catheter technique at this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "19714008", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of axillary artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstructive material from any upper limb artery, which encompasses catheter-based embolectomy of the axillary artery via arm incision, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not distinguish the specific vessel (axillary artery) or the catheter technique (Fogarty balloon) specified in the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for embolectomy of the axillary artery exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "55377001", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The innominate artery (brachiocephalic trunk) is a thoracic artery branching from the aortic arch, making IDA.JE.AA (open extraction of obstruction/endarterectomy of thoracic artery) the closest available ICHI code; however, IDA.JE.AA is broader because it covers any thoracic artery rather than the innominate specifically, does not distinguish catheter-based embolectomy from surgical endarterectomy, and does not encode the arm-incision approach detail." }] }, { "code" : "85162006", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by thoracic incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDA.JE.AA covers extraction of obstruction (JE action, which encompasses embolectomy) from any artery of the thorax via open approach (.AA), which matches the innominate artery accessed by thoracic incision; however, it is broader because it includes all thoracic arteries (not just the innominate/brachiocephalic trunk) and encompasses endarterectomy in general rather than specifically catheter-based embolectomy. No dedicated ICHI code exists for embolectomy of the innominate artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "41995008", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of mesenteric artery by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA captures an open (AA = open approach) extraction-of-obstruction procedure on an abdominal or pelvic artery, which aligns with the open abdominal incision and catheter embolectomy of the mesenteric artery in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because its target encompasses all abdominal or pelvic arteries (not specifically the mesenteric artery), and \"endarterectomy\" is used in ICHI as the umbrella action for arterial obstruction extraction including embolectomy." }] }, { "code" : "82486007", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers surgical removal of obstructive material (thrombus/embolus) from any lower limb artery via open approach, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's catheter-assisted embolectomy of the popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision. The ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to the popliteal-tibio-peroneal vessels or the catheter (Fogarty) technique." }] }, { "code" : "926001", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of radial artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstruction (the JE action axis is used for both endarterectomy and thromboembolectomy) from any artery of the upper limb via open approach (AA means), which matches the open catheter embolectomy technique and vessel region, but is broader because it encompasses the entire upper limb artery group rather than the radial artery specifically, and the title uses \"endarterectomy\" as the umbrella term for procedures also including embolectomy." }] }, { "code" : "3078002", "display" : "Embolectomy with catheter of renal artery by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AF covers extraction of obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal artery specifically via open abdominal incision with a catheter; no ICHI code exists for open catheter embolectomy of the renal artery specifically, and the means axis (AF = endovascular) diverges from the open surgical approach, further confirming the ICHI code is a wider but best-available match." }] }, { "code" : "405395009", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of abdominal visceral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component and the correct vessel territory (abdominal artery), but it is broader on two dimensions: the ICHI target covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than specifically visceral arteries, and ICHI has no single code that combines endarterectomy with angioplasty as this SNOMED concept does. No more precise single ICHI code exists for this combined procedure on visceral arteries." }] }, { "code" : "405396005", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the abdominal or pelvic artery — a broader anatomical target that includes the iliac artery — but does not capture the angioplasty component of the combined SNOMED procedure, and has no iliac-specific code available. The ICHI code is thus broader on anatomy and narrower on procedure scope, making \"wider\" the best overall equivalence given that the primary named technique (endarterectomy) is matched and the iliac artery is a subset of the abdominal/pelvic artery group." }] }, { "code" : "392031002", "display" : "Endarterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Endarterectomy\" is a generic procedure with no specified artery site, while IZA.JE.AA is the NEC residual endarterectomy code covering any artery not captured by the site-specific codes — making it the closest match, but it still implies open approach (AA) and restricts to arteries, which is broader than the SNOMED concept when used as a catchall for unspecified endarterectomy across all vessels." }] }, { "code" : "405398006", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures only the endarterectomy component on the abdominal aorta and does not encode the combined vein patch angioplasty element or allow for thoracic aortic location, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which combines endarterectomy with autologous vein patch reconstruction of the aorta." }] }, { "code" : "405392007", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers the primary endarterectomy component and the correct anatomical region (lower limb artery), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two respects: it does not capture the angioplasty (dilatation) component that is also performed, and it encompasses the entire lower limb arterial tree rather than specifically the common femoral artery." }] }, { "code" : "405394008", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery via an open approach, but does not capture the prosthetic patch angioplasty component or the specificity to the common femoral artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists that encodes the combined endarterectomy-plus-prosthetic-patch reconstruction in a single assignable category." }] }, { "code" : "405393002", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of common femoral artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA correctly captures the dominant action (endarterectomy, action axis JE) on an artery of the lower limb, which is the anatomical location of the common femoral artery. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any lower limb artery (not specifically the common femoral artery) and does not encode the vein patch angioplasty component that is integral to this specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "405411002", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of external carotid artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, which anatomically includes the external carotid artery, making it the closest ICHI match for the primary procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the angioplasty component and does not distinguish the external carotid from the extracranial carotid territory as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "405455008", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of Iliac artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of the abdominal or pelvic artery (the iliac artery is a pelvic artery within this grouping), but it does not capture the combined angioplasty with prosthetic patch component that is specified in the SNOMED concept. ICHI is coarser at this level — the specific iliac artery target and the prosthetic reconstruction are both abstracted away, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405406004", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of iliac artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA captures the primary procedure (endarterectomy) on the correct anatomical target (the iliac artery falls within the abdominal/pelvic artery group), but ICHI does not encode the combined angioplasty with vein patch component, nor the specificity of the iliac artery versus other abdominal/pelvic arteries, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405408003", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.JE.AA captures the primary procedure (endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, open approach) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the accompanying patch angioplasty or the use of a prosthetic material, which are clinically significant specifics of the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no single code combining endarterectomy with prosthetic patch closure at this anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "405400005", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian artery falls within ICHI's \"artery of upper limb\" target axis, making ICA.JE.AA the best available endarterectomy match; however, the SNOMED concept also specifies a combined angioplasty component that has no counterpart in this single ICHI code, and the ICHI code covers any upper limb artery rather than the subclavian specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405454007", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of upper limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers the endarterectomy component on the upper limb artery, matching the SNOMED target precisely, but no single ICHI code captures the combined endarterectomy and angioplasty actions together. The ICHI code is broader in the sense that it does not encode the additional angioplasty (dilation/repair) component that is integral to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1363019006", "display" : "Endobronchial tamponade", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic haemostasis of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LA.AD captures the core clinical purpose of endobronchial tamponade — endoscopic haemostasis of the bronchus — but is broader because it does not specify the tamponade/balloon-occlusion mechanism used to achieve that haemostasis. No ICHI code exists for bronchial tamponade or balloon occlusion of the bronchus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "847071000000103", "display" : "Endoscopic balloon dilation of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus via any technique, while the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it specifies balloon (catheter) dilation as the particular instrument/means used. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for balloon-specifically performed bronchial dilatation, making this ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "838446004", "display" : "Endoscopic balloon dilation of duodenal papilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the ampulla of Vater (synonymous with the duodenal papilla / papilla of Vater), which is the precise anatomical target of EPBD, and uses the endoscopic approach. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any endoscopic dilatation technique of either the ampulla or the biliary duct, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to balloon dilation of the duodenal papilla alone." }] }, { "code" : "427173009", "display" : "Endoscopic endoluminal balloon rupture of stenosis of pelviureteric junction of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the ureter generally and is the closest ICHI code in both approach (endoscopic) and action (dilatation/LG), but its anatomical target is the ureter broadly rather than specifically the pyeloureteral junction; ICHI has no dedicated code for endoscopic balloon dilation of the pelviureteric junction, making this code broader than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "768976007", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of pH monitoring capsule into esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.AI.AC", "display" : "Oesophageal pH monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.AI.AC directly names oesophageal pH monitoring — the clinical purpose and outcome of the SNOMED procedure — sitting within the Interventions on oesophagus block under the digestive system. It is wider because it does not specify the endoscopic capsule-based delivery method (Bravo-style wireless capsule insertion), encompassing all modalities of oesophageal pH monitoring rather than only the capsule placement approach." }] }, { "code" : "788639001", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography guided insertion of fiducial marker into pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.DN.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic implantation of internal device of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.DN.AD captures the endoscopic approach and implantation of an internal device into the pancreas, matching the core procedure. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify ultrasonography guidance (EUS) or the particular device type (fiducial marker for radiotherapy targeting)." }] }, { "code" : "704118000", "display" : "Epidural catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal (target: spinal canal, action: management of internal device, means: percutaneous), which encompasses epidural catheter care but is broader because it includes all spinal canal devices (e.g. intrathecal pumps, spinal cord stimulators) and does not distinguish the epidural space specifically from the wider spinal canal." }] }, { "code" : "231017003", "display" : "Epidural insertion neurostimulator electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous (epidural needle-based) insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which aligns well with the procedure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device being inserted is a neurostimulator electrode — the device type specificity is only captured via an ICHI extension code (the \"Spinal cord neurostimulator electrode\" extension), not in the base code itself." }] }, { "code" : "773335005", "display" : "Epiretinal brachytherapy with vitrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of retina by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Brachytherapy (epiretinal/intraocular radiation delivery) is a specific form of radiotherapy used to destroy retinal lesions, making BCC.GA.BA a good match for the primary therapeutic intent of this procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the brachytherapy-specific technique (vs. external beam) nor the combined vitrectomy component that is integral to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "442797006", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with insertion of guide wire and dilation of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD captures the core clinical action — endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus — which is the primary purpose of this procedure, but it does not specify the EGD approach (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy) or the guide wire technique used to facilitate the dilatation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "53178003", "display" : "Esophagoscopy for insertion of wire to guide dilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD represents the full endoscopic dilation of the oesophagus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically describes only the preparatory step of inserting a guide wire to guide that dilation — ICHI has no distinct code for wire insertion as a precursor technique, so this is the best available match but it is broader than the SNOMED concept. The guide wire insertion is a means/technique detail that ICHI subsumes within the dilation procedure itself." }] }, { "code" : "386053000", "display" : "Evaluation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Evaluation procedure\" is a top-level SNOMED grouper that encompasses all types of clinical evaluation and assessment across every body system and domain, making it far broader than PZB.AA.ZZ, which covers general health assessment of the whole person only. The ICHI code is the closest single code available but covers a narrower scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448203007", "display" : "Excision of pilonidal sinus and suturing of surgical wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.JI.AA covers the core procedure (local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue in the trunk region, which includes the sacrococcygeal site of a pilonidal sinus) but is broader because it does not specify the pilonidal sinus as the lesion and does not capture the primary wound closure (suturing) that is explicitly part of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1268996004", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using infrared reflector", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JI.AA correctly captures the surgical local excision of a breast lesion (open approach), which is the core procedure performed. However, ICHI does not encode the specific guidance modality (infrared reflector/SAVI SCOUT), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that particular localisation technique." }] }, { "code" : "1179705005", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using magnetic seed marker", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An excisional biopsy of a breast lesion is operationally equivalent to local excision of a lesion of breast (LCA.JI.AA), as the entire lesion is surgically removed and submitted for histopathology. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific guidance technique — the magnetic seed (Magseed) marker localisation — that defines this particular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1179707002", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of lesion of breast using radioactive seed marker", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JI.AA accurately captures the core procedure — surgical local excision of a breast lesion — but does not encode the radioactive seed localization (RSL/I-125) guidance technique that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438597000", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Exploratory laparotomy\" (PAK.AE.AA) is the standard ICHI code for open surgical exploration of the abdomen, which is the procedure performed when exploring a penetrating abdominal wound; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not carry the specific context of a penetrating traumatic wound — it covers any exploratory laparotomy regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "439583002", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of back", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA captures the core action (open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue) but is broader in two respects: it is not restricted to the back/trunk (the LAB block has no dedicated exploration code), and it does not encode the penetrating wound context that is semantically central to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439584008", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of chest", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory thoracotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCH.AE.AA captures the core procedure — open exploration of the thoracic cavity — which aligns well with exploring a penetrating chest wound. However, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any exploratory thoracotomy regardless of the underlying indication (e.g., trauma, tumour), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically tied to a penetrating wound as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "439595002", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA is the only ICHI exploration code for skin and subcutaneous tissue, but it is a non-elsewhere-classified residual code for open exploration of integumentary tissue without specifying the extremity as the target site; ICHI lacks a dedicated \"exploration of wound of extremity\" code, so this broader residual category is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "440992003", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of flank", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA captures the open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site, which aligns with the exploratory nature of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it does not specify the flank as the target site nor the penetrating wound context that characterises the SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "438777008", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA captures the open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify the neck as the site, and it does not encode the penetrating wound context that motivates the procedure. It is the closest available ICHI code, as no neck-specific exploration code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "302438004", "display" : "Exploration of wound of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA captures the same essential procedure — open surgical exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue — and sits within the integumentary system NEC block, making it the closest available ICHI code. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict the indication to a wound (it covers any open exploration of skin/subcutaneous tissue, regardless of cause)." }] }, { "code" : "363123009", "display" : "Exteriorization by anatomic site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LI", "display" : "Deviation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI action axis value LI (Deviation) is used across all organ-specific exteriorization/stoma procedures (colostomy, ileostomy, tracheostomy, nephrostomy, etc.), making it the closest structural equivalent to this SNOMED grouping concept; however, LI is the action axis component rather than a standalone assignable code, so it is broader in that it encompasses any organ target combined with this action." }] }, { "code" : "232480000", "display" : "Fitting obturator of nasal septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.DN.AC covers device placement into the nose broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about fitting a prosthetic obturator (septal button) into the nasal septum to occlude a perforation; ICHI lacks both the nasal septum target specificity and a dedicated \"fitting/application\" action, making the ICHI code broader in both anatomical target and procedural intent." }] }, { "code" : "1264394002", "display" : "Fitting of speech bulb", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for fitting a removable speech bulb prosthesis; the closest assignable category is KAS.DN.AA (Implantation of device into soft palate), which covers the soft palate as the target and device insertion as the action, but is broader in that it implies a surgically implanted device rather than the fitting/provision of a removable extraoral appliance worn against the soft palate/nasopharynx." }] }, { "code" : "122467006", "display" : "Fitting procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.DP.AH uses the DP (fitting/installation of assistive product) action axis on an unspecified body site, making it the closest ICHI residual category to a generic fitting procedure. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it specifically covers fitting of assistive products (orthoses, prostheses, aids) to any site, whereas the SNOMED grouper \"Fitting procedure\" also encompasses fitting of non-assistive devices (e.g., dental appliances, contraceptive devices, casts) that fall under other ICHI action axes." }] }, { "code" : "183298008", "display" : "Fitting/adjustment of crutches", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.KB.ZZ covers change/adjustment of any mobility and transportation assistive product, which aligns with the \"adjustment\" component of the SNOMED concept but is broader in two ways: it encompasses all mobility assistive products (not just crutches), and it does not fully capture the \"fitting\" (initial installation/setup) aspect, which ICHI treats as a separate action (DP — Installation). The SNOMED concept's combined fitting-and-adjustment scope makes this an approximate but wider match." }] }, { "code" : "128581002", "display" : "Fluid filled catheter hemodynamic measurement method", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically denotes the fluid-filled catheter technique as the measurement method for hemodynamic parameters, which is a more granular, method-level concept than ICHI provides; IZE.AB.AF captures the intravascular pressure measurement action via catheter (means axis AF) on a blood vessel NEC but does not encode the fluid-filled transducer technique specifically. ICHI is therefore broader, encompassing the procedure without distinguishing the fluid-filled catheter methodology." }] }, { "code" : "429814000", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and atherectomy by cutting balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures the core therapeutic action (endovascular extraction of arterial obstruction via percutaneous approach) without presupposing a specific vessel territory, but it does not reflect the fluoroscopic angiography with contrast guidance or the specific cutting balloon technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429816003", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and atherectomy by rotary cutter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF captures the core procedure — endovascular removal of coronary obstruction via percutaneous approach (AF) — which aligns with rotational atherectomy's mechanism, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the rotary cutter instrument, nor does it encode the concurrent fluoroscopic angiography with contrast that is part of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "394611000119107", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast for transcatheter biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.AD.AA covers biopsy of a blood vessel without specifying the approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies the transcatheter route and fluoroscopic angiography with contrast as the imaging guidance method, making the ICHI code broader. No ICHI category exists for a non-organ-specific catheter-based or fluoroscopically-guided transluminal biopsy, so this NEC residual code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "847081000000101", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers dilatation of the bronchus via an endoscopic approach, which captures the same therapeutic target and action (bronchial dilatation, LG) as the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the balloon technique or the fluoroscopy guidance modality that define the SNOMED concept. ICHI's means axis (.AD = endoscopic) also does not precisely reflect the fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous/bronchoscopic balloon approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1147081000000105", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of left bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers dilatation of the bronchus by endoscopic means but does not specify fluoroscopy guidance, the balloon instrument, or left-sided laterality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. The SNOMED concept's additional specificity (imaging guidance, balloon technique, left bronchus) is not captured in a single ICHI category code, though laterality could be appended as an extension." }] }, { "code" : "1147141000000101", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of right bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for dilatation of the bronchus and correctly captures the target (bronchus), action (dilatation/LG), and endoscopic means (AD), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two respects: it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance (as opposed to bronchoscopic alone) or the balloon technique, and it does not lateralise to the right bronchus — the SNOMED concept is more specific on both technique and laterality." }] }, { "code" : "701000087108", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided bilateral nephrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.LI.AE captures the percutaneous nephrostomy procedure, which subsumes fluoroscopy-guided nephrostomy since fluoroscopy is the standard imaging modality for percutaneous access, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify fluoroscopy guidance nor bilaterality (bilaterality would require an extension code such as & XCA4). The ICHI code therefore covers a wider range of procedures than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19531000087109", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral kidneys", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach used in fluoroscopy-guided renal biopsy, but the ICHI code is broader in two ways: it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the imaging modality, and it does not encode the bilateral (both kidneys) nature of the procedure. The SNOMED concept would map to this code applied twice (with laterality extension codes), with the guidance method unrepresented." }] }, { "code" : "811000087103", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral lower limbs", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of the lower limb but is scoped to skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than a fully specified lower-limb biopsy concept; it does not encode fluoroscopy guidance or bilateral laterality, both of which are present in the SNOMED concept and would require ICHI extension codes to represent." }] }, { "code" : "21731000087107", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral lungs", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.AD.AE captures the percutaneous transthoracic approach that defines a fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy, but ICHI does not encode the specific imaging modality (fluoroscopy) used for guidance, nor the bilateral nature of the procedure — both of which are specified in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it covers any percutaneous lung biopsy regardless of guidance modality or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "17131000087107", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bilateral thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.AD.AE captures the percutaneous biopsy approach to a thoracic structure, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a fluoroscopy-guided transthoracic biopsy, but the ICHI code is broader in that it specifies lung parenchyma rather than the thorax as a whole region, and it does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance modality or the bilateral laterality expressed in the SNOMED concept — meaning the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code in most respects, making ICHI wider overall." }] }, { "code" : "709629004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of bone of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a target representing \"bone of lower limb\" as a combined entity — the closest generalised code is percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site, which is broader because it does not restrict to the lower limb. Additionally, ICHI's percutaneous approach (AE means) does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "703108000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided central venous line procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDB.DL.AF captures the most common CVC anatomical target (subclavian/brachiocephalic — thoracic veins) and the percutaneous transluminal insertion of a device, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance and does not capture all possible access sites covered by the SNOMED concept (which is anatomically non-specific and includes internal jugular and femoral routes)." }] }, { "code" : "703102004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided dialysis catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIB.DL.AF captures the core clinical act — percutaneous insertion of a device into the superior vena cava, the anatomical target for fluoroscopy-guided central dialysis catheter placement. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device (not specifically a dialysis catheter) placed in the SVC and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance or the dialysis-specific purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1359740007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous balloon dilation of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the ureter, matching the target (ureter), action (dilatation), and approach (percutaneous/AF means), but the ICHI title implies device/stent insertion as part of the procedure whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only balloon dilation without mandating device placement, making the ICHI code broader. There is no standalone percutaneous balloon-only dilatation of ureter code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "719866000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous subintimal angioplasty with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation (angioplasty) of an artery — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the subintimal technique, fluoroscopic guidance, and contrast use. ICHI does not have a dedicated code or means-axis value encoding subintimal approach or fluoroscopy-with-contrast at this level of the classification." }] }, { "code" : "432952005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of dialysis fistula with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the only ICHI code that specifically targets an arteriovenous shunt/fistula as its subject, which directly corresponds to the dialysis fistula in the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI action axis \"SN\" (management/maintenance) is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific procedure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (balloon dilatation) under fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making ICHI wider." }] }, { "code" : "713617008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal revascularization of chronic total occlusion of coronary artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in general, which is the same fundamental procedure as CTO revascularization, but it does not encode the specificity of a chronic total occlusion target lesion or the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "720583008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided transcatheter mitral valve implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.DN.AE precisely captures the percutaneous transcatheter approach to mitral valve replacement/implantation, matching the core procedure. However, the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly qualifies the imaging modality used." }] }, { "code" : "225063006", "display" : "Flushing cannula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Flushing a cannula is a specific technique used to maintain intravenous access (typically by clearing the line with saline or heparin), making \"Maintaining intravenous access\" the closest ICHI concept. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all activities that maintain IV access patency, not just the flushing action specifically." }] }, { "code" : "397035004", "display" : "Fogarty embolectomy of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies the Fogarty balloon catheter technique for embolectomy of a vein without restricting body site, whereas the ICHI code restricts the target to the vein of the lower limb and does not capture the instrument or the specific nature of the obstruction. ICHI has no generic \"extraction of obstruction from unspecified vein\" code in the IZD block, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "360368006", "display" : "Gastrorrhaphy for suture of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Gastrorrhaphy for suture of wound\" is a specific type of stomach repair (suture closure of a gastric wound), while KBF.MK.AA covers any open repair of the stomach regardless of technique or indication. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "182656008", "display" : "General body warming therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"General body warming therapy\" in SNOMED refers to non-specific systemic warming of the body as a whole, while PZA.SD.BQ specifically targets central (core) body temperature warming. No unspecified whole-body warming code exists in ICHI; PZA.SD.BQ under the \"Interventions on whole body\" block is the closest available match, and the SNOMED concept is broader than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "302230009", "display" : "Generic cognitive behavioral therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode psychotherapy modalities (such as CBT vs. psychodynamic vs. behavioural), so the closest available code is the general psychotherapy-for-mental-functions category. AS1.PQ.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of psychotherapy targeting mental functions, not CBT specifically." }] }, { "code" : "284182000", "display" : "Gluing of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to wound gluing or tissue adhesive application; LZZ.MK.AA encodes the same clinical objective (repairing a skin wound) but is broader in that it covers all repair techniques (suture, staples, adhesive, etc.) without specifying the adhesive means used in \"gluing of wound\". The body-site-unspecified NEC variant fits because the SNOMED concept does not constrain the wound location." }] }, { "code" : "444175001", "display" : "Guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ covers any form of psychotherapy targeting mental functions, without distinguishing CBT as a modality, \"guided\" as a delivery format, or \"self-help\" as an intensity level, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for CBT, low-intensity interventions, or self-help formats." }] }, { "code" : "266694003", "display" : "Heat therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Hyperthermy for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Heat therapy\" is a broad concept covering therapeutic heat application for any purpose (pain, stiffness, muscle relaxation, wound healing, etc.), whereas AXA.SD.BQ specifically applies hyperthermy in the context of pain management. No general-purpose \"heat therapy\" or \"thermotherapy\" code exists in ICHI outside of pain or specific tissue targets, so this pain-scoped hyperthermy code is the closest assignable match — making the SNOMED concept broader than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1284922006", "display" : "Hemodialysis catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance of any intravenous access via a percutaneous approach, which encompasses hemodialysis catheter care as one specific instance but is broader in that it is not restricted to dialysis catheters or to the full scope of catheter care activities (dressing, flushing, site inspection). No ICHI code exists at a finer level of specificity for hemodialysis catheter care." }] }, { "code" : "308730000", "display" : "Head and neck contrast procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.BA.BD", "display" : "CT angiography of artery of head and neck with intravenous contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Head and neck contrast procedure\" is a generic, modality-agnostic term covering any contrast-enhanced imaging of the head and neck (arteries, veins, CT, MRI, plain angiography), whereas IBA.BA.BD specifies only CT angiography of the extracranial arteries of the head and neck with IV contrast — making the ICHI code narrower in scope and the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "278726007", "display" : "Head and neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable code specifically for incision of the head or neck region as a whole; MRS.FA.AA captures the action (incision of soft tissue) but is broader because it applies to any unspecified body site rather than being constrained to the head and neck. The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper for all head and neck incisions, so no narrower or equivalent ICHI code exists that matches both the action and the regional scope." }] }, { "code" : "47387005", "display" : "Head injury rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Head injury rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary post-traumatic rehabilitation programme aimed at restoring functions lost after a head injury, whereas AT2.PH.ZZ covers training of global mental functions broadly without specifying traumatic aetiology, and does not capture the full rehabilitative scope (e.g., physical, occupational, speech therapy components) inherent in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore wider in that it applies to any cause of global mental function impairment, and narrower in that it captures only the mental/cognitive training axis of what is a comprehensive rehabilitation programme." }] }, { "code" : "229151005", "display" : "Head lifting exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The head-lifting (Shaker) exercise is a specific dysphagia rehabilitation technique that strengthens the suprahyoid muscles to improve swallowing, making KTC.PG.ZZ (exercise in relation to swallowing) the most clinically appropriate ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any exercise targeting swallowing function rather than the specific isometric/isotonic head-lift protocol captured in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252538005", "display" : "Heaf test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG7561", "display" : "Tuberculin skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Heaf test is a specific multiple-puncture variant of the tuberculin skin test used for TB screening, while XG7561 \"Tuberculin skin test\" covers the broader class including both Mantoux and Heaf techniques. No ICHI code specific to the Heaf (multiple-puncture) method exists, making this the closest available match at a slightly broader level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "225885004", "display" : "Health assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" is a close conceptual match to \"Health assessment\", but sits under \"Interventions on whole person\" and is framed as a general/unspecified assessment — making it somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept, which can encompass specific-domain health assessments beyond the whole-person general level. The ICHI code is the only direct health assessment category available and represents the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "1156338001", "display" : "Health coaching", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Health coaching is a specific goal-oriented, patient-empowerment intervention targeting lifestyle behaviour change, while VE1.PP.ZZ covers counselling across all unspecified lifestyle behaviours — a broader action type (counselling) applied to a broader target scope. No dedicated ICHI code for coaching exists, making this the closest available match within the health-related behaviours section." }] }, { "code" : "385823002", "display" : "Health history taking assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AN.ZZ encodes a clinical interview directed at the whole person using the AN (interview/history-taking) action axis, which aligns well with health history taking as an assessment activity. However, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it covers any structured interview about the whole person (e.g., functional status, quality of life), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the act of eliciting a health history, making ICHI wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "721101008", "display" : "Head impulse test", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of vestibular functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CTE.AC.ZZ covers any test of vestibular functions, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes a specific named clinical technique (head impulse test) used to assess the vestibulo-ocular reflex and semicircular canal function. No more granular ICHI code exists for this named test, making CTE.AC.ZZ the best available match but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "225065004", "display" : "Heparinizing central line", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Heparinizing a central line is a specific catheter maintenance procedure using heparin to maintain patency of a central venous line, which fits within the broader ICHI concept of managing a vascular device (NEC). The ICHI code does not capture the heparin-specific nature or the flushing/locking technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "257766009", "display" : "High speed rotational atherectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF covers endovascular removal of obstructing material (plaque) from the coronary artery via a transluminal approach, which semantically encompasses rotational atherectomy (Rotablator). However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the high-speed rotational/mechanical ablation technique, and would equally apply to other endovascular debulking methods such as directional or laser atherectomy." }] }, { "code" : "308696000", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coarctation of aorta with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIK.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the aortic arch, which is the correct target for coarctation of the aorta — but the ICHI code does not encode the imaging guidance with contrast medium that is explicit in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader. The open surgical repair alternative (HIK.JJ.AA) was rejected because its means axis (AA = open) and action (JJ = repair/excision) do not reflect balloon dilatation via percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "182558000", "display" : "Immobilization by sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sling is a specific type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb, so the ICHI code captures the correct action (LC = application of immobilisation device) and the correct topographical region (upper limb), but is broader because it encompasses any external immobilisation device for the upper limb and does not specify the sling as the particular device or technique. The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the sling as the means of immobilisation." }] }, { "code" : "1290632006", "display" : "Immobilization of spine using scoop stretcher", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the spine (unspecified segment), which aligns with the target and action of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific device used (scoop stretcher) and does not capture the emergency/prehospital context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290630003", "display" : "Immobilization of spine using spine board", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the vertebral column as a whole and is the closest ICHI code for spine board application, but it is broader because it does not specify the spine board as the particular device used, and the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier encompasses any unspecified external spinal immobilisation device rather than the specific prehospital spine board technique." }] }, { "code" : "1251626000", "display" : "Immobilization of subject using aids", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any immobilisation aid applied to any body part of a subject (splints, casts, braces, restraints, positioning aids), whereas PZX.LC.AH specifically refers to cast or splint application at an unspecified site, making ICHI narrower in both means and scope. PZX.LC.AH is nonetheless the closest available ICHI code, as it sits under the body-site-agnostic \"any site, NEC\" block and captures the core action of applying an external immobilisation device." }] }, { "code" : "182561004", "display" : "Immobilization of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies immobilization specifically of a wound, while the ICHI code covers application of cast or splint at any unspecified body site without reference to a wound in particular, making it broader in target scope. No ICHI code exists that specifically combines immobilization with wound/skin tissue as the target, so this NEC code under \"Interventions on any site\" is the closest available match for the immobilization action." }] }, { "code" : "180288001", "display" : "Immobilization using plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH directly covers cast application at an unspecified body site, matching the SNOMED concept's lack of a specified anatomical location and its use of a cast as the immobilisation means. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints (not just plaster casts) and does not distinguish the cast material (plaster vs. fiberglass), making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172657007", "display" : "Implantation of audiant bone conductor", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Audiant bone conductor (a bone-anchored hearing aid) is surgically implanted into the mastoid/temporal bone to transmit sound via bone conduction; CBA.DN.AC captures the implantation of an internal hearing device under \"Interventions on the ear or mastoid\" with a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier, but it is broader because it covers any middle ear internal device, not specifically bone-anchored hearing implants. No more specific ICHI code for bone-anchored hearing devices exists as a procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "233170003", "display" : "Implantation of automatic cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers implantation of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems via the percutaneous transluminal endocardial route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to automatic (implantable) cardiac defibrillators only. The approach (percutaneous transluminal) aligns with the standard clinical technique for ICD implantation, making this the best available ICHI match." }] }, { "code" : "12715008", "display" : "Implantation of electrode into brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AA covers any device insertion into the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to an electrode (a particular device type); ICHI does have a \"Deep brain stimulator electrode\" extension code that can narrow the procedure when appended, but the base assignable code is inherently broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "54246006", "display" : "Implantation of electrode into peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DL.AA covers the insertion of any device into a peripheral nerve, while the SNOMED concept is specifically constrained to an electrode (a neurostimulator electrode), making the ICHI code broader. The electrode specificity is represented in ICHI only as an extension code (\"Neurostimulator electrode in peripheral nervous system\") appended to this base category, not as a standalone assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "84448004", "display" : "Implantation of electronic stimulator of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AA covers any device insertion into the spinal canal, which encompasses implantation of a spinal cord neurostimulator electrode/system but is broader in that it does not specify the device type as an electronic stimulator. No ICHI code combining the spinal canal target with a neurostimulator-specific action or means exists, making this the closest assignable category within the \"Interventions on spinal canal\" hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "447470005", "display" : "Implantation of epidural access system into cervical epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The epidural space is anatomically located within the spinal canal, and an epidural access system is a device inserted percutaneously, making ABG.DL.AE the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any device inserted percutaneously into any region of the spinal canal, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to an epidural access system placed in the cervical epidural space." }] }, { "code" : "447546009", "display" : "Implantation of epidural access system into lumbar epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous insertion of a device into the spinal canal, which encompasses the epidural space) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not specify the lumbar level, the epidural subspace, or the particular device type (access system/port). No more specific ICHI code for a lumbar epidural access/port implantation exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "447595009", "display" : "Implantation of epidural access system into thoracic epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE captures the core intervention — percutaneous insertion of a device into the spinal canal — which aligns with the implantation of an epidural access system, but the ICHI code does not specify the thoracic level, the epidural (vs intrathecal) sub-space, or that the device is specifically an access/port system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The epidural space extension code XA8SS8 could be appended to partially narrow the location, but thoracic specificity and device type remain unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "64253000", "display" : "Implantation of heart assist system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering any heart assist system (LVAD, RVAD, BiVAD, total artificial heart, etc.), while ICHI provides specific codes for each device type. HZZ.DN.AA serves as the closest broad equivalent as a cardiac-assist catch-all (NEC) code under \"Interventions on entire heart or great vessel, unspecified,\" making it the best single representative for the unspecified/generic SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "58866001", "display" : "Implantation of implantable intravenous infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA covers open surgical insertion of any device into a vein (NEC), which encompasses the implantation of an implantable IV infusion pump, but is broader because it does not specify the device type (infusion pump), the implantable nature, or the target vein region. No more specific ICHI code exists for a totally implantable intravenous infusion pump or central venous port." }] }, { "code" : "134367001", "display" : "Implantation of insertable loop recorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for implantation of a subcutaneous/insertable loop recorder; HFC.DN.AF is the closest structural match covering percutaneous permanent implantation of a cardiac electronic device into the conducting system, but its scope includes only pacemakers and defibrillators, making it broader than the specific diagnostic monitoring device described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "765055004", "display" : "Implantation of intracardiac electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes placing only the intracardiac electrode/lead, whereas the ICHI code encompasses implantation of the complete endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system (both generator and lead) via the percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) route, making ICHI broader in scope. No ICHI code exists for isolated electrode implantation without the full system context." }] }, { "code" : "445968009", "display" : "Implantation of intrathecal implantable access system", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which encompasses the intrathecal (subarachnoid) space where the catheter tip of an implantable access system resides; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (implantable access system/port) or the intrathecal target as distinct from other spinal canal locations." }] }, { "code" : "1156726008", "display" : "Implantation of intrathecal implantable infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AA captures the core concept of placing a device into the spinal canal (intrathecal space) via an open surgical approach, which corresponds to the intrathecal catheter component of the pump system. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device is an implantable infusion pump, nor does it capture the subcutaneous implantation of the pump reservoir body." }] }, { "code" : "175145006", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous atrial overdrive pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation on the cardiac conducting system, but it does not distinguish the atrial-only chamber target or the specific overdrive/antitachycardia pacing function. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429542009", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers the correct approach (percutaneous transluminal/transvenous endocardial) and device class (permanent pacemaker), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish CRT/biventricular pacing from conventional single- or dual-chamber pacing, and also encompasses defibrillator systems. No more specific ICHI code for CRT-P exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "310582005", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous dual chamber permanent cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF matches the key attributes of the SNOMED concept — transvenous (percutaneous transluminal, endocardial) route and permanent implantation — but the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber configurations, and it also encompasses defibrillator systems, making it wider than the specific dual-chamber pacemaker-only SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "175143004", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous fixed-rate cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) approach and permanent endocardial implantation, which directly matches the intravenous route and endocardial lead placement of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses both pacemaker and defibrillator systems and does not differentiate fixed-rate (asynchronous/VOO) pacing from other pacing modes." }] }, { "code" : "175146007", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous pacemaker for atrial fibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF precisely captures the procedure (permanent transvenous/endocardial pacemaker implantation via percutaneous transluminal approach), which is the correct technique for an intravenous pacemaker. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses defibrillator system implantation and does not specify the indication (atrial fibrillation), making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429528001", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous single chamber cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF correctly captures the permanent, transvenous (endocardial), percutaneous approach that \"intravenous\" implies, aligning with the core procedure. However, ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from multi-chamber configurations and also covers defibrillator systems, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "175144005", "display" : "Implantation of intravenous triggered cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures the key defining features of the SNOMED concept — permanent implantation via the transvenous (endocardial) route — but ICHI does not distinguish pacing modes (triggered/VVT/AAT vs. inhibited/VVI/AAI), nor does it exclude defibrillator systems, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "419222003", "display" : "Implantation of intravitreal device", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration/injection into the vitreous body and is the only assignable ICHI code under the vitreous body block; it captures the target anatomy and approach correctly, but its action axis (DB = injection/administration) is broader than SNOMED's specific concept of device implantation, since the ICHI code also encompasses intravitreal drug injections without an implanted device." }] }, { "code" : "359935003", "display" : "Implantation of joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into a finger or hand joint, which directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept of implanting a joint (prosthesis) of the finger. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses hand joints broadly (including carpal/wrist joints of the hand) and uses the more general term \"device\" rather than specifically a joint prosthesis/replacement, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped strictly to finger joints with the specific intent of joint implantation (arthroplasty)." }] }, { "code" : "80402001", "display" : "Implantation of venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDB.DL.AF covers percutaneous insertion of any device into a thoracic vein, which encompasses the catheter placement component of a venous access port implant (subclavian/SVC approach), but the ICHI code does not capture the subcutaneous port reservoir implantation or the specific \"totally implantable\" nature of a port-a-cath, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231119002", "display" : "Implantation, removal and adjustment of neurostimulator electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper covering three distinct actions (implantation, removal, adjustment) of neurostimulator electrodes across multiple nervous system sites (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves), whereas ACA.DL.AA captures only the insertion action on peripheral nerves; ICHI codes for spinal cord and brain neurostimulator electrode targets (ABG.DL.AE, AAA.DL.AA) address those specific sites but no single ICHI category encompasses the full scope of this multi-action, multi-site SNOMED grouper concept, making any assignable ICHI code broader than or only partially covering it." }] }, { "code" : "177694006", "display" : "Incision and drainage of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JB.AA captures open drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with the therapeutic intent of incision and drainage of a wound, but it is broader because it covers any drainage (not only wound-related) and does not restrict to a specific body region. The SNOMED concept also implies the incision step explicitly, whereas ICHI encodes drainage as the primary action with the open (incisional) means implied by the AA means axis." }] }, { "code" : "21744009", "display" : "Incision and resuture of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes a two-step procedure — incision (reopening) of a wound followed by resuture (reclosure), typically for dehiscence or wound complications — but ICHI has no combined incision-plus-resuture code; LZZ.MK.AA captures the dominant clinical intent (repair/closure of a skin wound at an unspecified body site) and is the closest available match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue regardless of whether a preceding incision was performed, and it does not encode the site-specificity that the SNOMED concept implies." }] }, { "code" : "438319004", "display" : "Induction of involution of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.BE", "display" : "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Induction of involution of thyroid\" is a clinical euphemism specifically for radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy, which causes progressive glandular atrophy — this is captured precisely by EBA.GA.BE. However, ICHI is slightly wider because it could theoretically encompass any radioactive iodine administration (e.g., for thyroid cancer ablation post-thyroidectomy), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the involution/suppression use case (typically for hyperthyroidism or goitre), making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "288084007", "display" : "Infected tissue surgical toilet", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's LZZ.JG.AA covers surgical debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue via incision (matching the sharp/surgical nature of \"surgical toilet\"), but does not specify that the tissue is infected — the ICHI code applies to debridement regardless of whether infection is present, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232199004", "display" : "Inflation of Eustachian tube using balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBH.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of eustachian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBH.LG.AC covers dilatation of the Eustachian tube in general, which encompasses the balloon-catheter technique (balloon Eustachian tuboplasty) described in the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the balloon instrument. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as other dilatation methods (e.g., bougie, laser) would map to the same code." }] }, { "code" : "88722002", "display" : "Initial implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes placement of a single atrial electrode (lead only), whereas HFC.DN.AF encompasses implantation of the complete permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), making the ICHI code broader in scope. Both share the same anatomical target (endocardium/conducting system), approach (percutaneous transluminal), and permanence intent, confirming this as the best available ICHI match despite the granularity mismatch." }] }, { "code" : "14273008", "display" : "Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.BA.BB", "display" : "Coronary angiography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a body-site-agnostic description of catheter-based contrast injection for any radiographic study, making it broader than any single ICHI code, which always requires a specific anatomical target. HIA.BA.BB (Coronary angiography) is selected as the most representative of the catheter-delivered, contrast-enhanced imaging pattern (.BA.BB), but the SNOMED concept encompasses this and all other site-specific contrast angiography codes in ICHI, so the SNOMED is wider." }] }, { "code" : "234314000", "display" : "Injection of cystic hygroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.GA.AF", "display" : "Destruction of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Injection of a cystic hygroma is a sclerotherapy procedure that destroys a lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma/lymphangioma) via percutaneous chemical injection, which maps to destruction of lymphatic vessel (DFO.GA.AF). The ICHI code is broader because it covers destruction of any lymphatic vessel by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes injection-based destruction of a cystic hygroma subtype of lymphatic malformation." }] }, { "code" : "241276008", "display" : "Injection of indwelling catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal\" (PZA.DB.AF) is the closest available code for delivering a substance through an indwelling (intravascular or intraluminal) catheter, as the percutaneous transluminal means axis (AF) corresponds to delivery via a catheter placed through the skin into a vessel or lumen. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the administration occurs through a pre-existing indwelling catheter, and also presupposes the substance is a pharmacotherapy, whereas the SNOMED concept is more general (covering any injection through any indwelling catheter, including flushes or contrast)." }] }, { "code" : "276844002", "display" : "Injection to subcutaneous drug delivery port", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AE captures the act of delivering a pharmaceutical agent via a percutaneous route, which matches the clinical action of injecting through a subcutaneous port (needle through skin into the port septum), but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any percutaneous pharmacotherapy delivery without specifying use of an implanted drug delivery port device." }] }, { "code" : "51315008", "display" : "Insertion of aortic needle by translumbar route", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.DL.AF captures percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which encompasses the needle insertion act, but the ICHI code does not specify the translumbar (posterior lumbar) approach and applies to any device rather than a needle specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for the translumbar route or for needle-only aortic puncture." }] }, { "code" : "233403006", "display" : "Insertion of arterial intraluminal device", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into any artery not classified elsewhere, which aligns well with the generic, non-site-specific SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it is the NEC residual for arteries not covered by more specific ICHI site codes, whereas the SNOMED concept is itself already a generic parent that encompasses all arterial sites." }] }, { "code" : "175777002", "display" : "Insertion of arteriovenous prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of an arteriovenous prosthesis (synthetic AV graft for dialysis access) is an open surgical reconstruction of the vascular system using a prosthetic conduit, which falls under open reconstruction of artery NEC; however, IZA.ML.AA is broader as it encompasses all arterial reconstruction procedures, not specifically AV prosthesis insertion or dialysis access creation. No specific ICHI code exists for AV graft/prosthesis placement, and the only arteriovenous-named code (IZA.SN.AF — Management of arteriovenous shunt) refers to maintenance of an existing shunt rather than creation/insertion." }] }, { "code" : "426153007", "display" : "Insertion of artificial airway", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Insertion of artificial airway\" is a broad umbrella covering all devices used to establish an airway (endotracheal tubes, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, supraglottic devices, tracheostomy tubes), whereas JBA.DL.AC specifically denotes insertion of an endotracheal tube into the trachea. The SNOMED concept is therefore wider than this ICHI code, which represents only one of its many sub-types." }] }, { "code" : "235557004", "display" : "Insertion of bile duct T-tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bile duct T-tube insertion is an open surgical procedure to establish biliary drainage, making KCM.JB.AA (Drainage of bile duct, open approach) the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of open bile duct drainage, not specifically T-tube placement, and does not capture the device-insertion aspect of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "432092009", "display" : "Insertion of cardiac defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) endocardial approach used for fluoroscopically guided ICD implantation, but it encompasses both pacemakers and defibrillators and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. The SNOMED concept is more precise in specifying the defibrillator device type and the fluoroscopic guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "1340253007", "display" : "Insertion of calcium hydroxide dental cement into tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DB.AC", "display" : "Application of substance to teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Application of substance to teeth\" captures the core action (introducing a chemical agent — calcium hydroxide cement — into/onto a tooth) but is broader, as it encompasses any topical or intra-tooth substance application (e.g., fluoride, desensitisers, sealants) rather than specifically the insertion of a calcium hydroxide cement liner used for pulp protection or indirect pulp capping. No more granular ICHI code exists for medicament-cement placement within a tooth." }] }, { "code" : "37120004", "display" : "Insertion of caliper tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code directly covers insertion of skull tongs (caliper tongs are a type of skull tong) with traction implied by the device purpose, but it is broader because it also encompasses halo traction devices and does not explicitly encode the \"synchronous skeletal traction\" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63421002", "display" : "Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA captures the core procedural act — inserting a device into a vein — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the hemodialysis-specific purpose or the cannula as the device type. ICHI has no dedicated code for hemodialysis cannula/catheter insertion, so this NEC vein device-insertion code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "61740001", "display" : "Insertion of cannula for hemodialysis, vein to vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into any vein and does not capture the specific hemodialysis purpose or the vein-to-vein (dual venous site) nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for dialysis cannula insertion via a vein-to-vein approach." }] }, { "code" : "449181007", "display" : "Insertion of cannula into pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of any device into the pancreatic duct, which encompasses cannula insertion but is broader as it includes other devices (stents, catheters, etc.). The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the cannula as the device type, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "414507007", "display" : "Insertion of capsular tension ring", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A capsular tension ring is a ring-shaped support device inserted into the lens capsular bag to stabilise the zonular apparatus, not a prosthetic lens itself, so BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens) is broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for capsular bag device or tension ring insertion exists within the \"Interventions on lens\" block." }] }, { "code" : "446508006", "display" : "Insertion of capsular tension ring and artificial iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DL.AC \"Insertion of ocular implant\" is the only ICHI code in the visual system that captures the device-insertion nature of this combined procedure, sitting under the NEC block for eye interventions. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between a capsular tension ring and an artificial iris as two distinct intraocular devices, nor does it specify the combined/simultaneous nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "445903002", "display" : "Insertion of cardiac monitoring implant using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures percutaneous permanent device implantation into the cardiac conducting system, which aligns with the action and approach of inserting an implantable cardiac monitor (ILR), but the ICHI title explicitly references pacemaker/defibrillator systems rather than monitoring-only devices, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance element, making ICHI broader in device type while the SNOMED concept is more specific in both device purpose and imaging modality used." }] }, { "code" : "431558000", "display" : "Insertion of cardiac pressure wire using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of coronary arteries", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.AB.AF captures the core clinical intent — intravascular pressure measurement of coronary arteries via a catheter-based approach — which is exactly what a pressure wire (FFR/iFR) procedure accomplishes. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the specific technique of fluoroscopy-guided wire insertion, covering all intravascular coronary pressure measurements regardless of guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "1010231004", "display" : "Open division of tendon of left hamstring muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"division of tendon of thigh\" code — the thigh tendon block (BlockL4-MLB) only contains muscle-level interventions with no tendon-division counterpart. MRT.FB.AA captures the exact procedure type (open division of tendon, means AA = open approach) but does not specify the body region or laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010232006", "display" : "Open division of tendon of right hamstring muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"division of tendon of thigh\" code; available targeted division-of-tendon codes are hip (MKT.FB.AA) or lower leg (MNT.FB.AA), neither of which matches the hamstring/thigh site. MRT.FB.AA captures the action (open division of tendon) but loses both the thigh-specific anatomy and the right-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1010291002", "display" : "Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA captures the procedure class (open surgical coronary artery bypass) but does not encode the specific arterial conduit (left internal thoracic artery), the target vessel (left anterior descending), or laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The other bypass codes (AB endoscopic, AE minimally invasive) refer to different approaches." }] }, { "code" : "1010292009", "display" : "Open occlusion of left fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA exactly captures open occlusion of the fallopian tube (target NMC = fallopian tube, action LA = occlusion, means AA = open approach), but the SNOMED concept specifies the left side while ICHI does not encode laterality in the base code, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1010294005", "display" : "Open occlusion of right fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA matches on procedure type (occlusion) and open surgical approach (means axis AA = open) on the fallopian tube, but ICHI does not encode laterality, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right tube only." }] }, { "code" : "1010295006", "display" : "Ligation of left fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of the fallopian tubes by any means and does not specify laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies ligation as the technique and the left tube specifically. ICHI has no ligation-specific code; ligation is one subtype of tubal occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "1010296007", "display" : "Ligation of right fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA covers all methods of fallopian tube occlusion (ligation, clipping, banding, cautery) and applies bilaterally without laterality distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies ligation of the right fallopian tube only." }] }, { "code" : "1010335005", "display" : "Left hydrocelectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of scrotum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated hydrocelectomy code; NGG.JI.AA is the closest match as a hydrocelectomy is fundamentally a local excision of scrotal tissue (the hydrocele sac of the tunica vaginalis), but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any local scrotal lesion excision, does not specify the hydrocele sac as the target, and does not capture the left-sided laterality." }] }, { "code" : "10104004", "display" : "Flow cytometric crossmatch, two colors", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0F85", "display" : "Blood cross-matching", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0F85 covers the same clinical purpose — testing donor-recipient compatibility before transfusion or transplantation — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies flow cytometry as the technique and a two-color panel configuration. ICHI has no code capturing the flow cytometric method or the two-color detail." }] }, { "code" : "733509002", "display" : "Insertion of double lumen tracheobronchial tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for double-lumen tracheobronchial (endobronchial) tube insertion; the closest trachea-specific code (JBA.DL.AC) covers only standard endotracheal tubes, making JZZ.DL.AC the appropriate NEC category for this more specific bronchial intubation technique. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any unclassified respiratory tract intubation, while the SNOMED concept specifies a double-lumen tube placed across the carina into a main bronchus for lung isolation." }] }, { "code" : "232688000", "display" : "Insertion of endobronchial blocker", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.DN.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic implantation of bronchial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An endobronchial blocker is inserted endoscopically into the bronchus and constitutes a bronchial device, making JBB.DN.AD a strong structural match. However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any endoscopically implanted bronchial device (stents, valves, blockers), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes insertion of a blocker device used for selective lung isolation." }] }, { "code" : "235211000", "display" : "Insertion of esophageal stethoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the oesophagus, which correctly encompasses the action of placing an esophageal stethoscope, but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific type of device (monitoring/auscultation instrument versus a prosthesis or feeding tube). No more specific ICHI code exists for an esophageal stethoscope or intraoperative monitoring probe in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "829831000000100", "display" : "Insertion of fiducial marker into lung using computed tomography guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JB.AE (Puncture of lung) captures the percutaneous needle access to the lung parenchyma that is the physical basis of a CT-guided fiducial marker insertion, but it is broader — it does not specify the purpose (fiducial/marker placement), the device inserted, or the CT guidance (which would require the extension code XG2209). ICHI lacks a dedicated \"implantation of device into lung\" category, making this the closest assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "433222002", "display" : "Insertion of guide wire into breast using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the device is a guide wire nor that the approach is ultrasound-guided; the SNOMED concept carries both of those additional qualifiers. The ultrasound guidance component could be represented via an ICHI extension code, but the base code itself remains more general than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16965008", "display" : "Insertion of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AF", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.DN.AF captures the core procedure (percutaneous implantation of a cardiac assist device), which precisely matches the approach and action of IABP insertion; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any percutaneous cardiac assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP is listed only as an extension/device-type qualifier in ICHI's therapeutic products extension section, not as its own assignable procedure code)." }] }, { "code" : "230938001", "display" : "Insertion of intracranial pressure measuring device", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AA captures the core procedure — inserting a device into the brain via open (burr hole) approach — which is the standard technique for ICP monitor placement, but the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any device inserted into brain tissue, not specifically a pressure-measuring device. No ICHI category exists that combines the intracranial target with a pressure-monitoring device type." }] }, { "code" : "233483009", "display" : "Insertion of intraluminal device into arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICD.DL.AF captures the procedural axes — percutaneous insertion of a device into an upper limb vein — which matches the action and approach of inserting an intraluminal device into an AV fistula (typically accessed via its venous limb). However, ICHI has no code specific to AV fistulas, so the code is broader, encompassing any percutaneous intraluminal device insertion into an upper limb vein rather than specifically an arteriovenous fistula." }] }, { "code" : "440009003", "display" : "Insertion of needle for intraosseous infusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DGA.DB.AE (Injection into bone marrow, percutaneous) captures the core procedure — percutaneous delivery of substance into the bone marrow cavity — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the distinct preparatory act of needle insertion to establish intraosseous access for infusion rather than the injection itself. No ICHI code exists specifically for intraosseous needle/access establishment, so this is the closest match within the bone marrow interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "1268723007", "display" : "Insertion of oral soft tissue supported radiographic dental implant stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device in the oral cavity, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of a soft-tissue-supported radiographic stent used as an imaging guide for dental implant planning. ICHI has no dedicated code for radiographic or surgical planning stents, making this the closest available category within the dental interventions hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "233183002", "display" : "Insertion of permanent epicardial cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of permanent epicardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AA matches on all key attributes — permanent, epicardial, and implantation — but its scope is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it also covers defibrillator systems, not just pacemakers. The SNOMED concept is therefore fully subsumed by the ICHI code, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "440094000", "display" : "Insertion of radioactive implant into interstitial tissue of prostate with transperineal insertion of catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.BA correctly captures the radiotherapy destruction of prostate tissue, which aligns with interstitial brachytherapy (radioactive seed implantation); however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of prostate radiotherapy without specifying the interstitial/transperineal brachytherapy technique. The transperineal approach and the device/seed insertion nature of the SNOMED concept are not encoded in this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1264395001", "display" : "Insertion of speech bulb", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A speech bulb is a removable prosthetic obturator positioned against the soft palate to compensate for velopharyngeal insufficiency, and KAS.DN.AA is the only ICHI code for placing a device at the soft palate target; however, the ICHI term implies surgical implantation into tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to fitting a removable dental-type speech prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "439518004", "display" : "Insertion of sphenoidal electroencephalographic (EEG) recording electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AE captures the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device targeting the brain — which aligns with sphenoidal EEG electrode placement performed via a percutaneous transfacial route near the sphenoid bone. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the device is an EEG recording electrode or that the target is the sphenoidal/temporal region." }] }, { "code" : "265630001", "display" : "Insertion of vaginal dilator", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC directly encodes the action of inserting a device into the vagina via transvaginal approach, which is the procedure performed. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all vaginal device insertions (pessaries, stents, applicators, etc.), not specifically dilators." }] }, { "code" : "108217004", "display" : "Interview, history AND/OR physical examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper encompassing both clinical history taking (interview) and physical examination, which maps most closely to \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) as the nearest whole-person assessment code in ICHI. However, ICHI's PZB.AA.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept, as it covers any general health assessment activity rather than specifically the combined interview/history/physical examination method described by SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "176850008", "display" : "Intra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection or infusion into amnion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.DB.AE captures the same procedural act — injection or infusion into the amniotic sac via a percutaneous approach — which precisely describes intra-amniotic instillation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the substance (prostaglandin) administered, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to prostaglandin as the instilled agent." }] }, { "code" : "399175004", "display" : "Intra-aortic balloon catheter operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AF", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.DN.AF covers percutaneous implantation of a cardiac assist device, which matches the primary clinical act of IABP insertion (balloon is inserted percutaneously via the femoral artery). However, the SNOMED concept \"operation\" is broader — it encompasses the full scope of IABP use including management and removal — while the ICHI code refers specifically to the implantation step, making ICHI narrower in action but broader in device scope (any cardiac assist device, not just IABP); on balance the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the intra-aortic balloon pump device specifically and subsumes multiple device types." }] }, { "code" : "34475007", "display" : "Intraaortic balloon pump maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.SN.AF covers management of any cardiac assist device via a percutaneous transluminal approach, which accurately captures the clinical activity (ongoing management/maintenance of a device in the aorta accessed percutaneously), but is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices rather than the IABP specifically. ICHI has no assignable code specific to the intraaortic balloon pump — \"Intraaortic balloon pump\" exists only as a codeless extension qualifier in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "1010431002", "display" : "Division of left fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Division (transection/cutting) of the fallopian tube is a sterilisation technique that achieves tubal occlusion, and ICHI groups all such tubal interruption methods — ligation, division, clips, cautery — under \"Occlusion of fallopian tubes\" (NMC.LA.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all occlusion techniques (not just division) and does not encode laterality (left), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the exact method and the side." }] }, { "code" : "1010432009", "display" : "Division of right fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.FA.AA", "display" : "Salpingotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.FA.AA (Salpingotomy) uses the FA \"incision/cutting\" action on the fallopian tube (NMC target), which is mechanistically equivalent to surgical division/transection, but the ICHI code is broader in two ways: it does not specify laterality (right side) and salpingotomy classically denotes incision to open the tube rather than transection specifically — no closer ICHI code for fallopian tube division exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "1010454006", "display" : "Retrograde pyelography of left renal pelvis with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB (Target: renal pelvis, Action: imaging, Means: X-ray with contrast) precisely represents contrast X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis, which is the clinical substance of retrograde pyelography. However, ICHI does not encode laterality (left) or the retrograde/transurethral approach as distinct from antegrade, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010455007", "display" : "Retrograde pyelography of right renal pelvis with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram) covers imaging of the renal pelvis with contrast medium, which is precisely what retrograde pyelography represents, but ICHI does not encode laterality (right side) or the retrograde/transurethral approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010434005", "display" : "Wedge resection of left ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wedge resection of the ovary is a specific form of partial ovarian excision, and ICHI's \"Partial excision of ovary\" (NMA.JJ.AA) directly captures this concept at the procedural level. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the wedge geometry of the resection or the left-side laterality specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010433004", "display" : "Wedge resection of right ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wedge resection is a specific form of partial ovarian excision (wedge-shaped, right side), and NMA.JJ.AA covers all partial excisions of the ovary regardless of resection shape, approach, or laterality. No ICHI code exists for wedge resection specifically, and laterality (right) is not encoded at the category level in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "40267005", "display" : "Intraaortic balloon pump removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does reference \"Intraaortic balloon pump\" as an extension/instrument concept but provides no dedicated assignable procedure code for IABP removal; HZZ.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of any internal device from the heart/great vessel and correctly captures the approach (percutaneous transluminal, via femoral artery) but is broader because it applies to any such device rather than the IABP specifically." }] }, { "code" : "12480009", "display" : "Intracranial pressure monitor removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain (open approach), which encompasses an ICP monitor regardless of its exact placement site (intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural). The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to pressure-monitoring devices specifically, and it does not differentiate by device type or placement zone within the intracranial compartment." }] }, { "code" : "1303747009", "display" : "Intravenous shockwave lithotripsy of atherosclerotic plaque of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intravascular shockwave/sonic lithotripsy of arterial plaque; IZA.LG.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and dilatation outcome but does not encode the shockwave mechanism or the calcified atherosclerotic plaque target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The \"not elsewhere classified\" residual category is the best available fit within the vascular interventions hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "232961007", "display" : "Intraventricular pump support operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes an unspecified intraventricular pump support operation without specifying laterality or approach, while ICHI has specific codes for left (HBA.DN.AA/AF), right (HBB.DN.AA/AF), and biventricular (HBZ.DN.AA) VADs; HZZ.DN.AA is the residual \"cardiac assist device, NEC\" category and is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it is not restricted to intraventricular placement, but it is the closest available code when the laterality is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "37775002", "display" : "Introduction of catheter into artery of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes catheter introduction into an extremity artery, while IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into any artery not classified elsewhere — matching the action (device/catheter insertion) and approach (percutaneous) but with a broader anatomical scope that is not restricted to limb arteries. No more specific ICHI code exists for artery-of-extremity catheter insertion, as the upper and lower limb artery blocks (ICA, IFA) lack standalone DL.AF insertion codes." }] }, { "code" : "82936005", "display" : "Introduction of catheter into pulmonary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.AB.AF", "display" : "Right heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Introduction of a catheter into the pulmonary artery (PA catheter / Swan-Ganz) is the mechanism by which right heart catheterisation is performed, but HZB.AB.AF encompasses the broader procedure of right heart catheterisation including all right-sided structures, not solely pulmonary artery access. No ICHI code exists that specifically designates catheter insertion into the pulmonary artery alone, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "9049009", "display" : "Introduction of needle into artery of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically denotes needle puncture of a peripheral limb artery (typically for arterial blood gas sampling or arterial access), which is a form of blood specimen collection; however, DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood generally without specifying the arterial route, the anatomical site (extremity), or the technique (needle), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for percutaneous arterial puncture of a limb artery." }] }, { "code" : "22324003", "display" : "Jejunectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jejunectomy denotes excision of the jejunum (a specific segment of the small intestine), whereas KBK.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the small intestine without specifying which segment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No jejunum-specific excision code exists in ICHI, so this \"small intestine, not elsewhere classified\" category is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "11682008", "display" : "Jejunoileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jejunoileostomy is a specific anastomosis between the jejunum and ileum (both small intestine segments), which falls within the scope of KBK.LB.AA, but ICHI does not distinguish between specific intra-small-intestine anastomosis types. The ICHI code is broader, covering any small intestinal anastomosis regardless of the specific segments joined." }] }, { "code" : "60892005", "display" : "Jejunojejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated jejunum-to-jejunum anastomosis code; the closest specific code is KBK.LB.AA, which covers all anastomosis procedures of the small intestine (jejunum, ileum, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a jejunum-to-jejunum connection. A more general alternative, KZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, NEC), would be even broader." }] }, { "code" : "29453004", "display" : "Jejunotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jejunotomy (incision of the jejunum specifically) maps to ICHI's open incision of the small intestine NEC, as ICHI has no jejunum-specific incision code — the target axis covers the entire small intestine outside of duodenum, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "359599000", "display" : "Jejunopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jejunopexy is specifically fixation of the jejunum, but ICHI encodes this at the level of the small intestine without distinguishing individual segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the jejunum as the exact site of fixation." }] }, { "code" : "235171001", "display" : "Jejunal interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jejunal interposition is a specific technique of oesophageal reconstruction using a segment of jejunum as an interposed conduit, which falls within the scope of \"Reconstruction of oesophagus\" (KBA.ML.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all methods of oesophageal reconstruction, not just the jejunal interposition technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "230978008", "display" : "Janetta microvascular decompression of facial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve, open approach) captures the core surgical action of the Jannetta procedure — open decompression/release of a cranial nerve from vascular compression — but is broader because it applies to any cranial nerve rather than specifically the facial nerve, and does not convey the microvascular (neurovascular conflict) nature of the technique." }] }, { "code" : "55286008", "display" : "Janeway operation, permanent gastrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Janeway operation creates a permanent mucosal-lined gastric tube (stoma) by surgically fashioning and exteriorising part of the stomach wall — a reconstructive open surgical procedure on the stomach. ICHI has no specific code for surgical creation of a permanent gastrostomy; KBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach, open approach) is the closest available category but is broader as it encompasses any form of open stomach reconstruction, not specifically permanent stoma/tube formation." }] }, { "code" : "81192006", "display" : "Introduction of needle into vertebral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for vertebral artery puncture or needle introduction; IZA.DL.AF captures the core act of percutaneous device/needle entry into an artery (NEC) but is broader because it is not specific to the vertebral artery and the ICHI action \"insertion of device\" encompasses a wider range of interventions beyond simple needle puncture." }] }, { "code" : "443533003", "display" : "Irrigation and suction of endotracheal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.JB.AC covers suctioning of the endotracheal tube specifically, which is the primary operative component of the SNOMED concept, but it does not encode the irrigation/instillation step that precedes suction in this combined procedure. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader in that it subsumes the concept but omits the irrigation detail, making \"wider\" the most accurate equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "59355008", "display" : "Irrigation by cannulation of maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers lavage of any paranasal sinus (not limited to maxillary) and also bundles aspiration alongside lavage, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies maxillary sinus irrigation by cannulation specifically. No maxillary-sinus-specific irrigation or lavage code exists in the dedicated maxillary sinus block (BlockL5-JAF), making JAE.JB.AE the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "17488008", "display" : "Irrigation by cannulation of sphenoid sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.JB.AE covers puncture/lavage of any paranasal sinus (not just the sphenoid) and does not specify cannulation as the access technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The sphenoid sinus-specific ICHI block (JAI) contains no drainage or irrigation code, so this paranasal NEC code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "79708004", "display" : "Irrigation of vascular catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Irrigation (flushing) of a vascular catheter is performed to maintain IV access patency, which is the purpose captured by IZD.SN.AF, but that code is broader — it encompasses all activities involved in maintaining intravenous access (e.g., dressing changes, line checks), not solely the irrigation/flushing act. No more specific ICHI code for catheter irrigation or flushing exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "1259834006", "display" : "Irrigation of ventricular intracranial catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"irrigation of ventricular catheter\" code — the JA (Irrigation) action axis is not paired with the AAE (ventricles of brain) target anywhere in the classification. AAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain) is the best available match as it correctly captures both the anatomical target (cerebral ventricles) and the procedural context (maintaining an indwelling ventricular catheter/device), but it is broader since it encompasses all forms of ventricular device management, not solely irrigation/flushing." }] }, { "code" : "225116006", "display" : "Irrigation of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JA.AH", "display" : "Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures irrigation of the integumentary system (skin and subcutaneous tissue) as a general residual category, which is broader than the SNOMED concept of irrigating a specific wound; the action axis (JA = Irrigation) and means axis (AH = without incision) are a precise procedural match, but the target is a body-system class rather than a wound-specific entity." }] }, { "code" : "4734007", "display" : "Irrigation of wound catheter of integument", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JA.AH", "display" : "Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JA.AH covers irrigation of skin and subcutaneous tissue within the integumentary system block, matching the anatomical target and the irrigation action precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the irrigation is performed via a wound catheter — it covers irrigation of integumentary tissue by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about catheter-delivered irrigation of a wound in the integument." }] }, { "code" : "1010567007", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes without specifying the approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an endoscopic route. The more specific ICHI codes for endoscopic approaches (NMC.LA.AB laparoscopic, NMC.LA.AD hysteroscopic) are each narrower than the SNOMED term, so the unspecified parent code is the best single mapping that encompasses \"endoscopic occlusion\" without over-constraining to one endoscopic technique." }] }, { "code" : "1010570006", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from second obtuse marginal branch of circumflex coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass as a general procedure class, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — detailing a sequential LIMA graft configuration from the second obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex to the LAD. ICHI does not capture conduit type, sequential anastomotic technique, or target vessel specificity at this level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010571005", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from first obtuse marginal branch of circumflex coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass procedures without distinguishing conduit type (LIMA vs. vein), graft configuration (sequential vs. single), or target vessels (OM1/LAD specificity), making it substantially broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for sequential internal thoracic artery grafting or vessel-level bypass target specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1010572003", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from ramus intermedius branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, making it broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept which designates the sequential anastomosis technique, the LIMA conduit, and the exact vessel targets (ramus intermedius to LAD). No more specific ICHI code exists for this variant, as ICHI's coronary bypass codes do not distinguish conduit type, anastomosis configuration, or target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "10106002", "display" : "Core needle biopsy of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach of a core needle biopsy of the kidney, but the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous kidney biopsies (including fine needle aspiration) and does not encode the specific instrument (core/Tru-cut needle) that distinguishes the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010688007", "display" : "Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass procedures, whereas the SNOMED concept is highly specific — it names the conduit (left internal thoracic artery), the action (anastomosis), and the precise target vessel (diagonal branch of the LAD). ICHI does not have codes that distinguish by conduit type, graft vessel, or recipient coronary branch, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010694004", "display" : "Left posterior vestibuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.LK.AC", "display" : "Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vestibuloplasty is by definition the surgical extension or deepening of the buccolabial or lingual sulcus to increase vestibular depth, making KAZ.LK.AC a direct conceptual match for the procedure type. However, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the oral cavity generally without specifying the posterior mandibular site or left-sided laterality of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010695003", "display" : "Right posterior vestibuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.LK.AC", "display" : "Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vestibuloplasty is precisely the surgical extension or deepening of the oral vestibular sulcus, making KAZ.LK.AC a direct functional match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any oral cavity location and laterality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the right posterior (mandibular) region specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1010696002", "display" : "Left unilateral electroconvulsive therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.SC.BP", "display" : "Stimulation of the brain using electric fields", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.SC.BP captures the core mechanism of ECT — electrical stimulation applied to the brain — but is broader because it does not encode the unilateral (left-sided) electrode placement, the therapeutic seizure induction purpose, or the psychiatric treatment context that distinguish this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010697006", "display" : "Right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.SC.BP", "display" : "Stimulation of the brain using electric fields", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.SC.BP covers all forms of electrical field stimulation of the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the modality (ECT, which induces a therapeutic seizure via electrical current) and the electrode placement (right unilateral), making the ICHI code broader on both counts. No more specific ECT or unilateral placement code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "397404002", "display" : "Laparoscopic diaphragm pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the diaphragm and is the only assignable ICHI code under the diaphragm block for device implantation, making it the best available match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the laparoscopic approach nor that the device is a pacing/stimulation system (ICHI provides \"Diaphragmatic pacemaker generator/electrode\" only as extension qualifier codes, not as standalone assignable categories)." }] }, { "code" : "1304047005", "display" : "Laparoscopic implantation of intramuscular diaphragm electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.DL.AA covers insertion of an internal device into the diaphragm, which encompasses the concept of implanting electrodes into the diaphragm, but it is broader because it does not specify the laparoscopic approach (means AA = open), the electrode/pacing device type, or the intramuscular placement — meaning the ICHI code covers a wider range of device insertion procedures than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440539003", "display" : "Laparoscopic removal of gastric stimulation electrodes of lesser curvature of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JD.AB captures all three key dimensions of the SNOMED concept — stomach as target, removal of internal device as action, and laparoscopic as means — but is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body from the stomach generally, without specifying the device type (gastric stimulation electrodes) or the anatomical sub-site (lesser curvature)." }] }, { "code" : "440041009", "display" : "Laparotomy with removal of gastric stimulation electrodes from lesser curvature of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JD.AA covers open removal of any internal device from the stomach as a whole, which subsumes the SNOMED concept's specificity of laparotomy approach, gastric stimulation electrodes as the device type, and the lesser curvature as the anatomical sub-site. No ICHI code exists for electrode/neurostimulator removal from the stomach specifically, making this broader code the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "440189003", "display" : "Laparotomy with replacement of gastric stimulation electrodes from lesser curvature", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of gastric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.KA.AC covers replacement of any gastric device and is the only ICHI code in this category, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the open laparotomy approach, the electrode subtype, and the lesser curvature anatomical site. ICHI does not distinguish open versus other approaches for this intervention, nor does it capture the electrode-specific or anatomical sub-site detail." }] }, { "code" : "69391004", "display" : "Layer closure of wounds of extremities", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI LAE.MK.AA (and its lower-limb counterpart LAG.MK.AA) represent the closest available codes for wound repair of extremity skin and subcutaneous tissue, but ICHI does not distinguish layer/multi-layer closure technique, making the ICHI code broader in technique scope; additionally, the SNOMED concept covers both upper and lower extremities while each ICHI code is limb-specific, so no single ICHI code fully captures the bilateral-extremity scope." }] }, { "code" : "24447002", "display" : "Layer closure of wounds of face and ears", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies layered (multi-layer) closure of wounds specifically on the face and ears. ICHI does not distinguish between suturing techniques (simple vs. layered) or specific sub-sites such as face and ears within the head/neck target, so the ICHI code is wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "14408003", "display" : "Layer closure of wounds of scalp and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific combination of scalp and neck as sites. Additionally, ICHI's \"Repair\" action does not distinguish the technique of layered/layer closure, making it broader in both site and procedural specificity." }] }, { "code" : "16004007", "display" : "Layer closure of wounds of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.MK.AA covers all repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a particular technique (layered/multi-layer closure) applied to wounds specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for layered wound closure of the trunk." }] }, { "code" : "31394004", "display" : "Light therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SC.AH represents phototherapy applied to the whole body, which is the closest general/unqualified phototherapy code in ICHI and aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept \"Light therapy.\" However, ICHI is slightly wider because \"Whole body phototherapy\" implies a specific scope (whole body), whereas the SNOMED concept could also encompass localised light therapy applications not captured by this single code." }] }, { "code" : "1179617000", "display" : "Localization of sentinel lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.BA.ZZ", "display" : "Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for sentinel lymph node localization (by radioisotope, gamma probe, or blue dye), so the best available match is the residual \"Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified\" code, which broadly covers lymphatic imaging/mapping of an unspecified lymph node but does not capture the sentinel-node-specific purpose or the radionuclide/dye technique. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any lymph node mapping technique and is not restricted to the sentinel node identification context." }] }, { "code" : "257765008", "display" : "Low speed rotational atherectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF covers any endovascular extraction of coronary obstruction, encompassing all atherectomy modalities (rotational, directional, orbital) without distinguishing speed or technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept of low-speed rotational atherectomy. No ICHI code exists for rotational atherectomy specifically, so this is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "697953001", "display" : "Maintenance of automatic cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management of the broader category of pacemaker or defibrillator systems, while the SNOMED concept is specific to an automatic cardiac defibrillator (ICD/AICD); the ICHI code also subsumes activities captured in the sibling code HFC.SN.AH (function check), making it a reasonable but broader match for ongoing ICD maintenance." }] }, { "code" : "175138006", "display" : "Maintenance of battery of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Maintenance of battery\" in the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing the pulse generator (battery unit) of a transvenous (intravenous) pacemaker system, which aligns with HFC.KA.AF's percutaneous transluminal approach; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (not just the battery/generator component) and also encompasses defibrillator systems." }] }, { "code" : "233232006", "display" : "Maintenance of ductus arteriosus patency", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIJ.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous pharmacotherapy for ductus arteriosus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically denotes maintaining ductal patency (typically via IV prostaglandin E1 infusion), while HIJ.DB.AF covers all intravenous pharmacotherapy directed at the ductus arteriosus regardless of intent (opening or closing), making it broader. No ICHI code exists specifically for ductal patency maintenance, so this is the closest available match within the dedicated ductus arteriosus block." }] }, { "code" : "448590001", "display" : "Maintenance of intravenous cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AF matches the transvenous (percutaneous transluminal/endocardial) access route of an intravenous pacemaker system and the ongoing management/maintenance activity, making it the closest available ICHI code. It is wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems and the action \"management\" covers a broader scope than \"maintenance\" alone." }] }, { "code" : "10107006", "display" : "Duodenoduodenostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Duodenoduodenostomy is a duodenum-to-duodenum anastomosis, which falls squarely within \"Anastomosis of duodenum\" (KBI.LB.AA). However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any duodenal anastomosis (e.g., duodenojejunostomy as well), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the more precise duodenum-to-duodenum variant." }] }, { "code" : "1010705000", "display" : "Excision of lesion of left vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI targets the spermatic cord (NGD) as the anatomical unit encompassing the vas deferens, so \"Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord\" is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the vas deferens specifically. The left-sided laterality in the SNOMED concept would require an ICHI extension code, which is not reflected in the base code NGD.JI.AA." }] }, { "code" : "1010706004", "display" : "Excision of lesion of right vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the vas deferens; it classifies vas deferens procedures under the spermatic cord (NGD block), making NGD.JI.AA broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the exact structure (vas deferens) and laterality (right side). The SNOMED concept's right-sided specificity is also not captured in the ICHI code, though laterality can be appended as an extension." }] }, { "code" : "1010707008", "display" : "Incision of left vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.FA.AA", "display" : "Vasotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy) directly represents incision of the vas deferens, which is the precise procedure described by the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI base code does not encode laterality (\"left\"), making it broader than the lateralised SNOMED concept; left-side specificity would require appending an ICHI laterality extension." }] }, { "code" : "1010708003", "display" : "Incision of right vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.FA.AA", "display" : "Vasotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGD.FA.AA (Vasotomy) directly represents incision of the vas deferens, which is the anatomical and procedural equivalent of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code does not encode laterality (right side), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the right vas deferens; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1010716007", "display" : "Intravesical reimplantation of right ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureteral reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally an anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder at a new site, making NAE.LB.AA the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the intravesical (transvesical) approach or the right-sided laterality specified in the SNOMED concept, both of which would require ICHI extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "1010717003", "display" : "Intravesical reimplantation of left ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravesical ureteral reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally a uretero-vesical anastomosis, making NAE.LB.AA the closest available ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any ureteral anastomosis without specifying the intravesical/antireflux technique, the destination organ (bladder), or the laterality (left), all of which are encoded in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1010718008", "display" : "Extravesical reimplantation of right ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ureteric reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy); \"Reconstruction of ureter\" (NAE.ML.AA) is the closest available category, as reimplantation is a form of ureteric reconstruction, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (extravesical/Lich-Gregoir), the ureterovesical junction as the target site, the antireflux purpose, or the laterality (right side)." }] }, { "code" : "230965008", "display" : "Maintenance of neurostimulator in cranial nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.SC.BP", "display" : "Stimulation of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"management of internal device of cranial nerve\" code (the SN action is absent for the AAN target block), so the closest available code is AAN.SC.BP (Stimulation of cranial nerve), which captures the therapeutic modality (neurostimulation at the cranial nerve) but is broader in that it covers the stimulation act generally rather than the specific maintenance/programming activity on an implanted neurostimulator in a ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "422967000", "display" : "Maintenance of permanent cardiac pacemaker settings", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems via any approach, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to maintenance of settings (programming/reprogramming) of a permanent cardiac pacemaker only. The ICHI code is broader in two dimensions: it encompasses defibrillators in addition to pacemakers, and \"management\" is a wider concept than the specific act of maintaining/adjusting device settings." }] }, { "code" : "424265001", "display" : "Maintenance of temporary cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA captures the management/maintenance action on the cardiac conducting system device, directly aligning with the SNOMED concept's intent. However, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses both permanent and temporary pacemakers as well as defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted specifically to a temporary pacemaker system." }] }, { "code" : "1269000008", "display" : "Mammography guided insertion of guide wire into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device (the guide wire) into the breast — but is broader because it does not specify mammography as the imaging guidance modality, nor does it distinguish a guide wire/hookwire from other devices. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for mammography-guided wire localization of the breast." }] }, { "code" : "1268987004", "display" : "Mammography guided insertion of infrared reflector into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the imaging modality used for guidance (mammography) and the device type (infrared reflector/localization marker). ICHI has no dedicated code for image-guided breast localization marker placement, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "1010719000", "display" : "Extravesical reimplantation of left ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Extravesical ureter reimplantation (ureteroneocystostomy) is fundamentally an anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder, making NAE.LB.AA the closest available ICHI code. However, ICHI does not capture the extravesical approach, the specific ureterovesical target, or the laterality (left), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1011000087109", "display" : "Ultrasonography of left elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.BA.BJ maps directly to ultrasound imaging of the elbow joint, which is the correct modality and anatomical site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laterality (left vs. right), whereas the SNOMED concept is explicitly the left elbow; laterality can be captured as an ICHI extension code if needed." }] }, { "code" : "10116005", "display" : "Simple repair of superficial wounds of scalp and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region (matching both scalp and neck anatomically), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to superficial or simple wound closure — it encompasses all repair types and tissue depths in that region." }] }, { "code" : "10140002", "display" : "Qualitative measurement of opiate agonist", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAC.AC.ZZ covers testing for any illicit drug use behaviours across all substance types and test methods, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a qualitative test specifically for opiate agonists. No ICHI code exists for opiate-specific or qualitative drug screening within the laboratory test section, so this behavioural-intervention code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "10159000", "display" : "Revision of gastroduodenal anastomosis with reconstruction and vagotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.ML.AA covers the reconstructive component of the gastric anastomosis revision but does not capture the vagotomy element or the explicit \"revision\" (redo) nature of the procedure, making the ICHI code broader in scope than this specific combined SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for vagotomy or anastomotic revision as a distinct procedure type, so this is the best available match within the stomach interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "10161009", "display" : "Patient discharge, to home, with assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 \"Discharge planning\" is the only ICHI code relating to patient discharge, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the destination (home) and the condition (with assistance). ICHI does not encode these specifics, so the ICHI code encompasses a wider range of discharge planning activities beyond the assisted home discharge scenario described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1017203005", "display" : "Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to intermediate artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit or target vessel, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a single-vessel LIMA-to-ramus-intermedius anastomosis. ICHI has no codes that distinguish by graft conduit (internal thoracic artery vs. vein) or by specific coronary target (intermediate/ramus intermedius artery), so this is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "1017205003", "display" : "Anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit type, number of vessels, or specific target branch, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies LITA conduit to a single named branch (obtuse marginal of circumflex). No more specific ICHI code exists for this vessel-conduit combination." }] }, { "code" : "1017216005", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of right kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JK.AB precisely captures the procedure (laparoscopic total removal of kidney) and the approach (laparoscopic), matching the SNOMED concept in both action and means. However, ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code — \"right kidney\" is not distinguished from \"left kidney\" in NAA.JK.AB — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the right side. Laterality could be added via an ICHI extension code (e.g. & XCB3 for right side) but the base code alone is wider." }] }, { "code" : "1017217001", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of left kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JK.AB captures the procedure type (laparoscopic total nephrectomy) exactly, but ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code — the SNOMED concept specifies the left kidney, making the ICHI code broader. Laterality can be appended as an ICHI extension code (e.g., & XCC2 for left side), but the base code itself is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1017218006", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of left kidney via retroperitoneal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic total excision of the kidney (nephrectomy), matching the core procedure and approach, but it does not distinguish the retroperitoneal (versus transperitoneal) access route, nor does ICHI have an extension code or separate category for retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept. Laterality (left kidney) is also absent from the base code, though it could be appended as an extension." }] }, { "code" : "1017219003", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of right kidney via retroperitoneal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic approach and total excision of the kidney, matching the core procedure, but it does not distinguish the retroperitoneal access route (versus the more common transperitoneal route) nor laterality (right kidney), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy exists in the classification; laterality could be added via an ICHI extension code but is not encoded in the base code itself." }] }, { "code" : "1017227007", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from second diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, while the SNOMED concept specifies a sequential anastomosis technique using the left internal thoracic artery to two distinct coronary targets (diagonal branch and LAD). ICHI has no codes distinguishing conduit type, sequential graft configuration, or target vessel specificity within the coronary tree, making the ICHI code substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1017228002", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from first diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to left anterior descending artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — a sequential (jump) LIMA/LITA graft to the first diagonal branch and the left anterior descending artery. ICHI does not distinguish graft conduit type, sequential vs. single anastomosis, or target vessel, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1017229005", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from proximal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to mid portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers any open coronary artery bypass procedure, while the SNOMED concept specifies a sequential (snake) anastomosis using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA/LIMA) to defined segments of the LAD — detail regarding conduit type, anastomotic technique, and vessel segment that is not captured in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1017232008", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from proximal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to distal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit type or anastomotic configuration, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — designating a sequential LITA graft with two anastomotic sites on the LAD. ICHI does not distinguish conduit (internal thoracic vs. saphenous vein), laterality, or sequential vs. single bypass technique, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1017233003", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of left internal thoracic artery from mid portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery to distal portion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures regardless of conduit (LIMA vs. saphenous vein etc.) or configuration (sequential vs. single graft), so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a sequential LIMA anastomosis targeting two specific segments of the LAD. ICHI has no dedicated code for sequential or LIMA-specific bypass grafting, making this the most precise assignable code available." }] }, { "code" : "10178000", "display" : "Extracapsular extraction of cataract by inferior temporal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JK.AA covers lens extraction in general and does not distinguish the extracapsular technique from intracapsular, nor does it encode the inferior temporal surgical route, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. Phacoemulsification (BBF.JK.AE) was ruled out as it is a distinct technique, while BBF.JK.AA remains the most semantically appropriate available code." }] }, { "code" : "10185001", "display" : "Repair of hernia of fascia of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.MK.AA covers repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but is broader in two ways: it includes fingers (not just the hand) and it does not specify that the defect being repaired is a herniation (fascial defect) rather than a tear or other lesion. There is no ICHI code specific to fascial hernia repair of the hand, making this the closest available category." }] }, { "code" : "19207007", "display" : "Manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PA", "display" : "Manipulation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PA is the action axis component titled exactly \"Manipulation\" within the Therapeutic actions hierarchy, making it the closest semantic match to the broad SNOMED concept. However, PA is an action axis value rather than a full assignable intervention code (it lacks Target and Means axes), so it is structurally broader than any specific manipulative procedure the SNOMED concept may represent." }] }, { "code" : "176193005", "display" : "Manual urinary bladder washout through catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Irrigation of urinary bladder\" captures the core procedure (flushing/washing out the bladder) but does not specify the manual technique or the catheter route that are explicit in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader. No more specific ICHI code exists for catheter-based manual bladder washout; the only alternative (NAI.JA.AB) is narrower in scope as it is restricted to clot irrigation via endoscope." }] }, { "code" : "737007008", "display" : "Mapping of skin ulcer", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mapping of a skin ulcer is a structured clinical assessment documenting the extent, boundaries, and characteristics of the ulcer; LZZ.AA.ZZ captures this action on the correct body target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any skin/subcutaneous assessment, not specifically ulcer mapping or wound documentation." }] }, { "code" : "440054002", "display" : "Mechanical construction", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SJ.ZZ", "display" : "Manufacturing of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SJ.ZZ captures the act of manufacturing/constructing health-related products and technology (assistive devices, prostheses, etc.), which is the closest structural analog to the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader in scope — it covers manufacturing of any health-related product or technology across all domains, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes mechanical construction as a procedural category." }] }, { "code" : "1365933005", "display" : "Mechanical induction of labor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"Surgical induction of labour\" (FA = incision action on placenta/amnion/cord) to capture mechanical/instrumental labour induction methods such as amniotomy and membrane sweep, which aligns with the mechanical approach of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it may encompass other surgical induction techniques beyond purely mechanical means, and the SNOMED concept also includes methods like balloon catheter cervical dilation that act on the cervix rather than the amnion." }] }, { "code" : "787180006", "display" : "Mechanical insufflation exsufflation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other respiratory functions related to breathing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTG.RB.ZZ covers mechanical/practical support for coughing and expectorating functions, which is the clinical purpose of MI-E (a device that assists airway clearance by simulating a cough cycle), but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all forms of practical support for these functions rather than specifically a mechanical insufflation-exsufflation device. No more specific ICHI code exists for MI-E in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "429283006", "display" : "Mechanically assisted chest compression", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation broadly and is the only ICHI code in the classification for this type of intervention, but it does not distinguish mechanically assisted (device-driven) chest compression from manual CPR, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for automated or mechanical chest compression devices (LUCAS, AutoPulse) exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "872631000000109", "display" : "MRI guided insertion of marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, which subsumes the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish MRI guidance as a separate means value within this code nor specify that the device is a fiducial/clip marker, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1343389001", "display" : "MRI of placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal/embryonic structures broadly, which would include the placenta as one of several possible targets, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies MRI of the placenta alone. The ICHI code is wider because it has a broader scope (fetal structures in general, not the placenta specifically); no placenta-specific MRI code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "179986009", "display" : "Multisystem procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PZA", "display" : "Interventions on comprehensive or unspecified topography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Multisystem procedure\" denotes interventions affecting multiple body systems, which aligns most closely with ICHI's organizational block for comprehensive or unspecified topography (BlockL4-PZA). The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses all intervention types (imaging, surgery, therapy, etc.) on whole-body or unspecified targets, not just multi-system procedures specifically; no single assignable category covers the concept of multi-system involvement." }] }, { "code" : "21815000", "display" : "Nasotracheobronchial catheter aspiration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the nasotracheobronchial route; JZZ.JB.AC is the designated NEC residual for airway suctioning at the respiratory tract level (JZZ target, JB drain/suction action, AC catheter means), which covers this procedure but without encoding the specific nasal entry point and combined tracheal-bronchial extent that the SNOMED concept specifies, making it wider. The alternative JBA.JB.AC (\"Suctioning of endotracheal tube\") is too narrow as it presupposes an existing endotracheal tube, which is not inherent to the nasotracheobronchial catheter technique." }] }, { "code" : "442869006", "display" : "Needle localization using ultrasound guidance and mammography", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies dual-modality image guidance (ultrasound and mammography) for a breast needle/wire localization procedure, which is a form of percutaneous device insertion into the breast. LCA.DL.AE captures the target (breast), action (insertion of device), and approach (percutaneous/AE) correctly, but is wider because it does not encode the localizing/marking purpose of the device nor the specific imaging guidance modalities used." }] }, { "code" : "439715003", "display" : "Neurectomy of intrinsic muscle of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a neurectomy (total nerve excision) of a peripheral nerve supplying the intrinsic foot muscles — a site-specific procedure (plantar/interdigital nerve, e.g., Morton's neurectomy) — whereas ACA.JK.AA covers excision of any peripheral nerve throughout the body with no anatomical site qualification. The ICHI code is therefore wider in scope, as the ACA block for peripheral nervous system has no sub-blocks by body region." }] }, { "code" : "57343007", "display" : "Nonobstetrical insertion of bougie into cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bougie is a dilating instrument inserted into the cervical canal specifically to achieve dilatation, so the procedure maps well to NMF.LH.AC (cervical target NMF + dilatation with device insertion LH + transvaginal AC). The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the nonobstetrical context or the specific instrument (bougie)." }] }, { "code" : "10019001", "display" : "Incision and drainage of infected bursa of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no bursa-specific or wrist-specific soft tissue drainage code; MRS.JB.AA is the closest available code, capturing the drainage action on musculoskeletal soft tissue via open approach, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in both target site (unspecified vs. wrist) and tissue specificity (generic soft tissue vs. infected bursa)." }] }, { "code" : "1003472007", "display" : "Referral to patient navigation service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TC.ZZ", "display" : "Navigating the service system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Navigating the service system\" captures the core purpose of a patient navigation service — helping patients find and access care — which is the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it represents the navigation activity itself rather than the specific act of referral to such a service." }] }, { "code" : "1366567000", "display" : "Open reduction of open dislocation of joint of shoulder region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA matches on the open surgical approach and the target (shoulder joint) and the action (reduction), but it does not specify that the dislocation is open (i.e. a compound/open wound), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to open dislocations only." }] }, { "code" : "4455008", "display" : "Open reduction of open elbow dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.LD.AA captures the target (elbow joint), action (reduction), and means (open/AA) precisely, matching all core elements of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers open reduction of any elbow joint displacement (including dislocation of any severity), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to reduction of an open (i.e. compound, skin-breaching) dislocation — a more specific clinical scenario that ICHI does not distinguish at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "60422005", "display" : "Open reduction of open traumatic hip dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AA precisely captures the open surgical approach and hip joint target, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not encode the traumatic aetiology, the open wound nature of the injury, or the specific pathology of dislocation — it covers open reduction of the hip joint regardless of cause or injury type." }] }, { "code" : "8594000", "display" : "Operation of Ambu resuscitator", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC covers all forms of artificial ventilation (mechanical, manual, bag-valve-mask), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes use of an Ambu (bag-valve-mask) resuscitator. No ICHI assignable category exists specifically for BVM/manual resuscitator use; \"Bag valve mask\" appears only as an extension means code and cannot stand alone as a mapped code." }] }, { "code" : "236949002", "display" : "Operation on placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMM", "display" : "Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a grouper for all placenta-related operations, and the ICHI block \"Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord\" spans the same domain but also includes amnion and cord procedures, making it broader in scope. No single assignable ICHI category covers the full range of placental operations, so the block code is the most appropriate assignment per ICHI mapping guidance for grouper concepts." }] }, { "code" : "386375006", "display" : "Oral health maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VEE", "display" : "Interventions on oral hygiene behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Oral health maintenance\" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing assessment, education, advising, and supportive activities for oral hygiene; BlockL4-VEE covers all interventions on oral hygiene behaviours and is wider because no single child category captures the full scope." }] }, { "code" : "373838008", "display" : "Ovarian ablation by internal radioisotope source", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.GA.AA captures the target (ovary) and action (destruction/ablation) but is broader because ICHI has no enumerated code for radioisotope/brachytherapy as the means of ovarian destruction, unlike the analogous thyroid radioactive iodine code." }] }, { "code" : "241019003", "display" : "Packing of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated wound-packing code; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, subsuming wound packing but also surface dressings, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225120005", "display" : "Padding wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Padding wound\" applies a cushioning pad to a wound, a subset of applying any dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI NEC code is broader, covering all dressing types at unspecified skin sites." }] }, { "code" : "236979009", "display" : "Pajot's maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pajot's maneuver is a specific axis-traction technique used during forceps-assisted vaginal delivery; ICHI has no dedicated forceps delivery or axis-traction code, so NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery) is the nearest assignable category and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "439916005", "display" : "Paradoxical intention behavior therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks codes for specific psychotherapeutic techniques; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures psychotherapy applied to mental functions but is broader as it encompasses all psychotherapeutic modalities, not just paradoxical intention." }] }, { "code" : "425847000", "display" : "Percutaneous balloon dilation of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.LG.AF matches target (bile duct), action (dilatation), and approach (percutaneous) of the SNOMED concept; slightly wider because ICHI does not restrict the technique to balloon-specifically." }] }, { "code" : "236155006", "display" : "Percutaneous endoluminal balloon rupture of stenosis of pelviureteric junction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LH.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation/device insertion at the ureteric level. Broader because the target is the ureter generally rather than specifically the pelviureteric junction, and ICHI has no dedicated PUJ dilatation code." }] }, { "code" : "241024000", "display" : "Percutaneous evacuation of wound abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JB.AE precisely matches the percutaneous approach, drainage action, and skin/subcutaneous tissue target of a wound abscess, but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish abscess from other fluid collections nor encode the wound context." }] }, { "code" : "257830002", "display" : "Percutaneous fixation using screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach, device implantation, and bone target, aligning well with percutaneous screw fixation; broader because \"implantation of device\" encompasses any internal fixation device (nail, pin, plate, screw, wire) rather than specifying screws." }] }, { "code" : "17924004", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into autonomic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach, device insertion, and peripheral nerve target — and the autonomic nervous system is anatomically a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Broader because ICHI does not restrict the target to autonomic nerves specifically, nor specify the device as a neurostimulator electrode." }] }, { "code" : "133000", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into neuromuscular component", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the peripheral nervous system, which encompasses the neuromuscular component targeted in the SNOMED concept. Broader because the ICHI code applies to any device inserted into any peripheral nerve, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes for stimulation purposes." }] }, { "code" : "42526005", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes, epidural", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the spinal canal, matching the procedure type and technique. Broader because it does not specify a neurostimulator electrode as the device nor restrict placement to the epidural space; epidural specificity could be expressed via extension code XA8SS8." }] }, { "code" : "397194000", "display" : "Percutaneous rotational coronary endarterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF captures the percutaneous/endovascular approach (means AF) and removal of obstruction from the coronary artery, which aligns well with rotational atherectomy as a catheter-based technique for debulking coronary plaque. Broader because it does not distinguish the specific rotational/mechanical ablation technique from other endovascular extraction methods such as aspiration thrombectomy." }] }, { "code" : "707814008", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for dilatation of a vascular anastomotic site; IZA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of arteries NEC, which captures the same procedural technique (percutaneous, transluminal) but is broader because it does not specify the anastomosis as the target and is limited to arterial vessels (the SNOMED concept may also apply to non-arterial anastomoses)." }] }, { "code" : "609187003", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIN.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIN.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular conduit type (interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and aorta), making ICHI broader. The approach, action, and clinical target are otherwise aligned." }] }, { "code" : "442251008", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of interposition tube prosthesis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIN.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIN.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, whereas the SNOMED concept is more specific — designating balloon dilation of an interposition tube prosthesis (modified Blalock-Taussig shunt) connecting the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery. ICHI is broader as it does not distinguish the balloon instrument, the tube prosthesis, or the specific subclavian-to-pulmonary vessel pairing." }] }, { "code" : "46819000", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal catheter embolectomy of brachial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA correctly captures the target (artery of upper limb, encompassing the brachial artery) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which covers embolectomy). Broader because it defaults to an open approach (means AA), whereas the SNOMED procedure specifies a percutaneous transluminal catheter-based technique; no ICHI code exists in the upper limb artery block for endovascular extraction of obstruction." }] }, { "code" : "275065001", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilation of artery using Grunzig catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of an artery — matching the approach (AF = percutaneous transluminal) and action (LG = dilatation), but it is broader because it does not specify which artery is dilated and makes no reference to the Grunzig/balloon catheter technique that is explicit in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is the appropriate residual category when the artery site is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "707826003", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of anastomosis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal systemic to pulmonary artery occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDM.LA.AF matches on all three ICHI axes — percutaneous transluminal approach (means), occlusion (action), and systemic-to-pulmonary artery connection (target) — and sits in the correct congenital thoracic vessel block. The ICHI code is marginally wider because it covers any systemic-to-pulmonary artery connection, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the anastomosis is between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery (a Blalock-Taussig type shunt)." }] }, { "code" : "385958001", "display" : "Perineal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Perineal care is the act of cleansing and maintaining hygiene of the perineal region, which aligns with ICHI's concept of performing the task of caring for body parts (SMC target = caring for body parts, RA action = performing the task). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses care of any body part, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the perineal area." }] }, { "code" : "423687009", "display" : "Peripheral intravenous catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF captures the core clinical activity — maintaining percutaneous intravenous access — which aligns with peripheral IV catheter care (flushing, dressing, site monitoring). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all intravenous access maintenance without specifying peripheral versus central venous lines, making it a wider match for the SNOMED concept restricted to peripheral IV catheters." }] }, { "code" : "392020005", "display" : "Peripherally inserted central catheter care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF captures the ongoing maintenance/care action on intravenous access (flushing, dressing, monitoring), which semantically matches PICC care, but the ICHI target is \"vein, not elsewhere classified\" and encompasses all intravenous access devices (peripheral IV, tunnelled lines, PICC), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to peripherally inserted central catheters." }] }, { "code" : "860656000", "display" : "Peritoneovenous shunt patency test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.SN.AH covers management/checking of any internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses the peritoneovenous shunt but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of a patency test. No ICHI code for peritoneovenous shunt patency testing or shunt function evaluation specifically exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "446080005", "display" : "Photography of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.BA.BL", "display" : "Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.BA.BL directly encodes photographic/imaging capture and analysis of a body site (action BA = Imaging, means BL = Image capture and analysis), which matches the clinical act of photographing a wound. The ICHI code is broader because its target axis PZX covers any body site and the means BL is not restricted to photography specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to wounds." }] }, { "code" : "182766006", "display" : "Physiotherapy for maintenance of cardiovascular performance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.PG.ZZ maps directly to exercise-based intervention (action PG = assisting and leading exercise) targeting cardiovascular system functions, aligning with physiotherapy for cardiovascular performance maintenance. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any exercise intervention on cardiovascular functions while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to physiotherapy for maintenance of performance." }] }, { "code" : "441617000", "display" : "Placement of brain surface electrode for electroencephalography", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AI.AA", "display" : "Electroencephalography monitoring via burr holes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.AI.AA is the most specific ICHI code combining intracranial/invasive EEG with a surgical approach to the brain, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses the full EEG monitoring episode (not just placement) and specifies burr holes rather than the craniotomy typically used for cortical/subdural surface grid electrodes. No dedicated ICHI code exists for cortical/subdural electrode placement." }] }, { "code" : "441597006", "display" : "Placement of depth electrode into brain for electroencephalography", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AE captures the structural elements — target (brain), action (insertion of device), means (percutaneous, as depth electrodes are inserted via burr holes) — but is broader because it covers any percutaneous device insertion into brain, while the SNOMED concept is narrowed to depth/stereo EEG electrode placement for electroencephalographic monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "836381000000102", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided insertion of marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures target (breast), action (device insertion) and approach (percutaneous), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any percutaneous device insertion into breast regardless of imaging guidance modality, and is not restricted to a marker/clip; the X-ray guidance detail would require an ICHI extension code (XG2RR6) to be appended." }] }, { "code" : "713564003", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided localization of iodine 125 radioactive seed to breast lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers the core procedural action — percutaneous insertion of a device (the I-125 seed) into the breast — but is considerably broader as it does not specify the radioactive nature of the seed, the mammographic guidance, or the localization purpose. No more specific ICHI code for image-guided radioactive seed localization of breast exists." }] }, { "code" : "1293172002", "display" : "Plain X-ray of placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of female genital organs, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated X-ray code for the placenta, so the residual category NMS.BA.BA covering the broader female genital system is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses X-ray of any female genital organ rather than being specific to the placenta." }] }, { "code" : "370615008", "display" : "Portal-systemic shunt ligation by ameroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.LA.AA captures the same core action (occlusion) on the same vascular territory (portal vein and branches), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any occlusion of the portal vein/branches rather than specifically targeting a portal-systemic shunt, and makes no reference to the ameroid constrictor technique." }] }, { "code" : "234742001", "display" : "Post core preparation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post core preparation is a specific restorative dental procedure involving preparing a tooth (post space drilling and core buildup) as a foundation for a crown, which falls within the broader ICHI category of \"Restoration of tooth.\" ICHI has no dedicated code for post/core preparation, making KAE.MK.AC the closest available code at a higher level of generality." }] }, { "code" : "237380007", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically denotes a device insertion (wire, hook, clip, or seed) placed percutaneously into the breast to mark a lesion prior to biopsy, which aligns well structurally with LCA.DL.AE; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any percutaneous device insertion into the breast for any purpose, not exclusively the pre-biopsy localization context." }] }, { "code" : "1230051001", "display" : "Preparation of shower bath", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMB.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with washing oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Preparation of shower bath\" is a specific preparatory task (setting up the shower environment) within the broader concept of practical support for washing oneself; SMB.RB.ZZ covers the full range of practical support activities for washing, making it broader than this one preparatory step. No more specific ICHI code exists for shower preparation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "234917000", "display" : "Primary repair of mouth wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.MK.AC covers repair of the oral cavity broadly and is the closest ICHI code for wound repair of the mouth, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any repair procedure of the oral cavity (not specifically wound/laceration repair) and does not capture the \"primary\" (i.e., immediate, first-intention) qualifier. More specific oral structures such as lip (KAA.MK.AA) or tongue (KAB.MK.AC) have their own repair codes, but for a non-specified mouth wound, the NEC oral cavity repair code is the most appropriate fit." }] }, { "code" : "241021008", "display" : "Procedure for wound collection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no wound-specific specimen collection code; PZX.AH.ZZ represents specimen collection from any unspecified site and is the residual category under the \"Specimen collection on any site, not elsewhere classified\" block, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to wound sites. The SNOMED concept denotes a collection procedure targeted at a wound, while the ICHI code covers specimen collection from any anatomical site not addressed by a more specific code." }] }, { "code" : "428118009", "display" : "Procedure involving peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any procedure involving a peritoneal dialysis catheter (insertion, removal, replacement, management), which does not map precisely to a single ICHI assignable category; the ICHI block BlockL4-KMA encompasses all peritoneal cavity interventions including device implantation (KMA.DN.AA), removal (KMA.JD.AA), replacement (KMA.KA.AA), and management (KMA.SN.AH), making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to catheter-related procedures only." }] }, { "code" : "429723008", "display" : "Procedure involving urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Procedure involving urinary catheter\" is a broad grouper covering any catheter-related intervention (insertion, replacement, removal, management, irrigation), whereas NAI.KA.AC specifically covers only the replacement of an indwelling urinary catheter, making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No single assignable ICHI category covers the full scope of all urinary catheter procedures; NAI.KA.AC is the closest because it is the only ICHI code explicitly named around an indwelling urinary catheter." }] }, { "code" : "771329004", "display" : "Procedure on body region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-PAA", "display" : "Interventions on other or unspecified body systems or functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Procedure on body region\" is a SNOMED grouper for any procedure on a topographical body region, which corresponds most closely to the ICHI block \"Interventions on other or unspecified body systems or functions\" — the parent section for all topography-based ICHI codes (trunk, limb, whole body, unspecified site, etc.). The ICHI block is wider because it also encompasses body systems and functions beyond pure topographical regions, and no single assignable ICHI category exists at this level of abstraction." }] }, { "code" : "118664000", "display" : "Procedure on body system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL2-??.", "display" : "Interventions on body systems or functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI block directly corresponds to the SNOMED grouper \"Procedure on body system\" by covering all interventions targeting body systems, but it is broader because it also encompasses interventions on body functions. No assignable leaf-level ICHI category exists at this level of abstraction." }] }, { "code" : "233432009", "display" : "Procedure on intraluminal device of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZD", "display" : "Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure performed on an intraluminal device already within a vein; no single assignable ICHI category encompasses that scope. The block BlockL5-IZD is the most appropriate parent node, containing specific codes for maintaining intravenous access, removal of intravascular devices, and insertion of devices, making it broader than the SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "118717007", "display" : "Procedure on organ", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL2-??.", "display" : "Interventions on body systems or functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Procedure on organ\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper covering any procedure performed on a body organ; the nearest structural equivalent in ICHI is the L2 block \"Interventions on body systems or functions,\" which encompasses all organ-level interventions across every body system. The ICHI block is wider because it additionally covers functional (non-organ) interventions." }] }, { "code" : "397171001", "display" : "Procedure on pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pilonidal sinus; LAB.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which is the anatomical region containing the pilonidal sinus and represents the most characteristic procedure performed on it. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any lesion in that region, not pilonidal sinus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "118738001", "display" : "Procedure on soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRS", "display" : "Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on soft tissue regardless of body site or procedure type, and BlockL5-MRS is the closest ICHI structural grouping. ICHI organises soft tissue interventions across multiple site-specific blocks, making this block — and the broader ICHI structure — wider in scope than the single SNOMED category." }] }, { "code" : "183253002", "display" : "Provision of medical equipment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.RD.ZZ captures the act of providing/supplying products and technology to a patient, which directly matches the core meaning of \"Provision of medical equipment,\" but the ICHI code is broader because its target encompasses all types of products and technology rather than being restricted to medical equipment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "46733005", "display" : "Provision of molds or casts for immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of providing molds or casts for immobilization; however, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints (not just casts/molds) and the residual NEC nature makes it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "42340005", "display" : "Pulmonary artery wedge pressure monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of intrathoracic arteries", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to pulmonary artery wedge (capillary) pressure monitoring; IDA.AB.AF covers intravascular pressure measurement of all intrathoracic arteries via percutaneous approach, encompassing the anatomical target and measurement action of PAWP monitoring but is broader, including other intrathoracic arteries and not specifically representing the occlusion-wedge technique." }] }, { "code" : "42311007", "display" : "Radial artery puncture for laboratory test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA captures the essential clinical action — obtaining a blood specimen — but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the radial artery as the access site or restrict the purpose to laboratory testing. The SNOMED concept is a specific form of arterial blood collection from a named vessel, whereas the ICHI code covers blood specimen collection from any source." }] }, { "code" : "234725007", "display" : "Recontour tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Recontour tooth\" (odontoplasty/enameloplasty) is a specific procedure involving selective removal and reshaping of tooth enamel, which is a subtype of interventions that alter tooth form. ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) is the closest available code but is broader, encompassing all restorative tooth interventions rather than specifically tooth surface recontouring." }] }, { "code" : "271505003", "display" : "Reduction of fracture of femur with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation component (e.g. intramedullary nail or plate), which is a defining part of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only the reduction without the fixation. No single ICHI category combines both reduction and internal fixation of the femur, so this is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "232711005", "display" : "Removal of airway", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Removal of airway\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering removal of any artificial airway device (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, endotracheal, or supraglottic); ICHI's closest specific code is removal of an endotracheal tube only. No single ICHI code covers all airway device types, and JBA.JD.AC is the most clinically prominent form of airway removal." }] }, { "code" : "448489007", "display" : "Removal of ambulatory blood pressure monitor", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AI.AH", "display" : "Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as a complete procedure (placement, wear period, and removal all constitute the monitoring episode), whereas the SNOMED concept isolates only the removal step; the ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing the full monitoring intervention rather than just the device removal act." }] }, { "code" : "440022006", "display" : "Removal of anal seton", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A seton is a thread/device placed through the anal sphincter to treat fistula-in-ano; ICHI has no seton-specific code, but KBX.JD.AA is the correct anatomical block and action axis, broader as it applies to any internal device or foreign body from the anus." }] }, { "code" : "233412008", "display" : "Removal of arterial intraluminal device", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular internal device or foreign body from any artery (NEC), which semantically matches the SNOMED concept well; however, it is broader in that it also encompasses foreign body removal and is not restricted to intraluminal devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233171004", "display" : "Removal of automatic cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA is a strong semantic match for removal of a cardiac defibrillator and sits correctly in the conducting system of heart hierarchy; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses both pacemakers and defibrillators as a combined system." }] }, { "code" : "285663000", "display" : "Removal of bone screw from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JD.AA directly represents removal of an internal device from bone and is the closest ICHI code available; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers any internal device or foreign body from any bone site, while the SNOMED concept specifies a bone screw." }] }, { "code" : "405433000", "display" : "Removal of catheter from brachial vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF matches the procedure well — removal of an intravascular device (catheter) from a vein; the code is wider because it applies to any vein NEC rather than the brachial vein specifically, and it encompasses foreign bodies in addition to catheters." }] }, { "code" : "405428004", "display" : "Removal of catheter from external jugular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from vein of head and neck, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The external jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck (extracranial), so IBD.JD.AF covers the correct anatomical region and action; ICHI does not have a code specific to the external jugular vein, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405431003", "display" : "Removal of catheter from subclavian vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the subclavian vein; the subclavian does not fall cleanly under the head-and-neck or SVC blocks that have removal-of-device codes, so the NEC residual vein code is the best available fit, broader because it is unspecified as to vein." }] }, { "code" : "175853000", "display" : "Removal of central venous line", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Central venous catheters terminate in the superior vena cava or right atrium, making HIB.JD.AF the best anatomical and procedural match; ICHI implies a percutaneous transluminal approach while the SNOMED concept does not specify approach, and ICHI targets the SVC rather than the vein of insertion." }] }, { "code" : "68466008", "display" : "Removal of coronary artery obstruction by percutaneous transluminal balloon, single vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LG.AF exactly captures the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty procedure for coronary artery obstruction. ICHI does not encode the number of vessels treated, so the single-vessel qualification in the SNOMED concept is lost, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "46342000", "display" : "Removal of electrodes from brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain, which encompasses brain electrodes but is broader in that it includes non-electrode devices and foreign bodies. No ICHI code specifically targets brain electrodes." }] }, { "code" : "232716000", "display" : "Removal of endobronchial blocker", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An endobronchial blocker is an internal bronchial device removed endoscopically, making JBB.JD.AD a strong structural match; the ICHI code is wider because it also covers removal of other bronchial devices and foreign bodies, not only endobronchial blockers." }] }, { "code" : "50225007", "display" : "Removal of heart assist system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of extrinsic heart assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"heart assist system\" encompasses both internal (VADs) and external assist devices, whereas ICHI has separate codes for left/right/biventricular VAD and extrinsic device; HZZ.JD.AH is selected as the least specific option but the SNOMED term is broader across all assist system types." }] }, { "code" : "711303002", "display" : "Removal of implanted intrathecal pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intrathecal pump removal; ABG.JD.AA is the best available match as it covers removal of any internal device from the spinal canal (which includes the intrathecal space), broader than the specific SNOMED concept of an implanted intrathecal drug delivery pump." }] }, { "code" : "1348292001", "display" : "Removal of indwelling pleural catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JD.AE", "display" : "Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JD.AE covers removal of any drainage device from the pleural cavity, capturing the procedure semantics well, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the device is an \"indwelling pleural catheter\" — a tunnelled long-term drainage device rather than a generic pleural drain." }] }, { "code" : "443262001", "display" : "Removal of insulin pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insulin pumps are subcutaneous devices worn/implanted in the trunk region, and LAB.JD.AA represents removal of an internal device from that anatomical site; however, the ICHI code is considerably broader, applying to any internal device or foreign body in the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk." }] }, { "code" : "284993004", "display" : "Removal of intracranial electrodes with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.KA.AA captures the combined removal-and-replacement procedure on an intracranial device, which aligns with the SNOMED concept of synchronous replacement of intracranial electrodes; however, the ICHI code covers any intracranial device replacement rather than specifically electrodes." }] }, { "code" : "233485002", "display" : "Removal of intraluminal device from arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of an intravascular device from an artery NEC, the closest anatomical and procedural fit for extracting an intraluminal device from an arteriovenous fistula; ICHI lacks a specific code for arteriovenous fistulas as a target." }] }, { "code" : "404205006", "display" : "Removal of mesh from wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to mesh or to body-site-unspecified wound; LAB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and is the closest structural match, broader because it does not specify mesh and assumes trunk location." }] }, { "code" : "73109006", "display" : "Removal of neurostimulator electrode from peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.JD.AE is the only ICHI code for removal of a device from a peripheral nerve and captures the target and action correctly; however, it does not specify the device type as a neurostimulator electrode, and the means specifies percutaneous approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach." }] }, { "code" : "449381002", "display" : "Removal of orthodontic screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic miniscrew (TAD) is placed in jaw bone — most commonly the mandible — and MAG.JD.AA is the best available ICHI code for device removal from that site. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish orthodontic screws from other bone hardware, and mandible is assumed where the screw location may actually be the maxilla." }] }, { "code" : "424287005", "display" : "Removal of peripheral intravenous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for removal of a device from a vein and encompasses peripheral venous catheters; it is wider because it does not specify the device as an IV catheter or the vein as peripheral." }] }, { "code" : "230868009", "display" : "Removal of radioactive implant from brain tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a radioactive implant (brachytherapy seed/source) from brain tissue. No ICHI category exists for radioactive implant removal specifically." }] }, { "code" : "41208005", "display" : "Removal of spinal neurostimulator electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spinal cord neurostimulator electrodes are implanted in the epidural space of the spinal canal, making this code anatomically appropriate for their removal. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the spinal canal, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes." }] }, { "code" : "51958000", "display" : "Removal of T-tube from bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A T-tube is a drainage device placed in the common bile duct and its removal maps well to this code. The ICHI code is slightly broader since it covers any internal device or foreign body from the bile duct rather than specifically a T-tube." }] }, { "code" : "236872001", "display" : "Removal of vaginal dilator", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vaginal dilator is an internal device within the vaginal canal, and this ICHI code covers removal of internal devices or foreign bodies from the vagina via transvaginal approach. The ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to dilators." }] }, { "code" : "30947006", "display" : "Repair of bile duct laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.MK.AA covers repair of the bile duct generally, which encompasses laceration repair as one indication, but is not specific to laceration as the injury type. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177222006", "display" : "Repair of episiotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum generally, which includes episiotomy repair as a specific subtype, but also encompasses perineal tears and other perineal injuries, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26816003", "display" : "Repair of eyelid laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA covers all repair of the eyelid, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a repair of an eyelid laceration (traumatic wound closure). ICHI does not distinguish repair by cause (laceration vs other defect), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "238833008", "display" : "Repair of eyelid laceration, partial-thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA is the only assignable eyelid repair code in ICHI and has no children; it does not capture either the traumatic (laceration) cause or the partial-thickness qualifier present in this SNOMED concept, making it broader on both dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "361157006", "display" : "Repair of eyelid laceration, partial-thickness involving lid margin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the two concepts above, BAA.MK.AA is the single assignable eyelid repair code; it does not encode the laceration aetiology, partial-thickness depth, or lid margin involvement that distinguish this most granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1259948005", "display" : "Repair of fissure sealant on tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repairing or replacing a pit-and-fissure sealant is a specific form of tooth restoration; KAE.MK.AC is the closest available ICHI category (covering restoration of tooth broadly), but it encompasses all restorative dental procedures and does not distinguish sealant repair from fillings or other restorations." }] }, { "code" : "42767002", "display" : "Repair of heart assist system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of cardiac assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Management of cardiac assist device\" covers maintenance and adjustment of cardiac assist devices broadly, which encompasses repair of such a system, but is wider in scope as it includes all management activities beyond repair alone. No more specific ICHI code for repair of a cardiac assist device exists." }] }, { "code" : "58388006", "display" : "Repair of laceration of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of conjunctiva\" covers all conjunctival repair procedures and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to repair of a laceration; ICHI does not distinguish the aetiology or wound type of the repair." }] }, { "code" : "736531000", "display" : "Repair of laceration of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of cornea\" covers any corneal repair and does not specify the wound type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to repair of a laceration specifically." }] }, { "code" : "27191003", "display" : "Repair of laceration of gallbladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of gallbladder\" is the open (non-laparoscopic) general repair code for the gallbladder, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying laceration repair; the approach and wound aetiology are not captured in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "24312009", "display" : "Repair of laceration of great vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single \"great vessels\" repair category — the great vessels (aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery/vein) are coded under separate specific blocks with reconstruction rather than repair codes; the NEC blood vessel repair code is the closest available broader match." }] }, { "code" : "90515006", "display" : "Repair of laceration of large vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"large vein\" category; IZD.MK.AA covers repair of any vein not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a large vein. Named large veins (SVC: HIB.MK.AA, IVC: HIC.MK.AA) are too specific to a single vessel." }] }, { "code" : "27998005", "display" : "Repair of laceration of sclera by application of tissue glue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.MK.AA directly corresponds to scleral repair, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific means (tissue glue application), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the technique." }] }, { "code" : "73380001", "display" : "Repair of laceration of urinary bladder by suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.MK.AA directly represents repair of the urinary bladder, but does not capture the suture technique specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "397239004", "display" : "Repair of liver laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.MK.AA directly corresponds to repair of the liver and is the best ICHI match, but it does not specify laceration as the injury type being repaired, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232653000", "display" : "Repair of lung laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.MK.AA covers repair of the lung parenchyma broadly, without specifying the type of injury being repaired. The SNOMED concept is narrower in that it specifies the lesion being addressed is a laceration, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "12385003", "display" : "Repair of mouth laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.MK.AC addresses repair of the oral cavity generally without specifying the lesion type (laceration), making it broader than the SNOMED concept; no more specific laceration-oriented oral repair code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "44102003", "display" : "Repair of orbit wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.MK.AA covers orbital repair in general without specifying that the underlying lesion is a wound/laceration, so the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763097008", "display" : "Repair of penetrating eye injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyeball, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyeball generally, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a penetrating injury repair. ICHI does not distinguish injury mechanism or wound type, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "88044000", "display" : "Repair of perforating laceration of sclera not involving uveal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.MK.AA covers repair of the sclera in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a perforating laceration with the additional qualifier that uveal tissue is not involved. ICHI does not encode wound type or tissue involvement detail, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "237026005", "display" : "Repair of perineal tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA represents repair of the perineum as a general category, while the SNOMED concept specifies repair of a tear (laceration), typically in the obstetric context. ICHI does not encode the nature of the wound or the clinical context, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "42904002", "display" : "Repair of rectal laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.MK.AA covers rectal repair generally without specifying the type of injury being repaired. The SNOMED concept is specifically a laceration repair, a narrower clinical scenario not distinguished in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "397244006", "display" : "Repair of renal laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.MK.AA encodes repair of the kidney without specifying the nature of the injury. The SNOMED concept is restricted to laceration repair, which is a more specific scenario than the general kidney repair captured by ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "80039008", "display" : "Repair of wound of abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall generally and is the best available match, but it does not specify that the repair is specifically of a wound (traumatic or otherwise), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "80442006", "display" : "Repair of wound of extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.MK.AA precisely targets repair of the extraocular muscle, but ICHI does not distinguish wound repair from other types of repair at this target site, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439331008", "display" : "Repair of wound of heart with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.MK.AA is the only available ICHI code for repair of the heart, but it is considerably broader — it does not specify that the repair targets a wound, nor that cardiopulmonary bypass is employed (the bypass would need to be represented as an extension code if the combination were valid)." }] }, { "code" : "55120005", "display" : "Repair to denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for repairing a denture; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest match as a denture is an external dental appliance, but the ICHI code is broader, covering any management of such appliances rather than repair specifically." }] }, { "code" : "6547002", "display" : "Repair with closure of non-surgical wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.MK.AA is the most appropriate unspecified-site skin repair code and captures the concept of repairing a wound (typically involving closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), but it is broader — it does not restrict to non-surgical wounds and the body site is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "84893002", "display" : "Replacement of cannula of arteriovenous shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cannula replacement within an AV shunt; \"Management of arteriovenous shunt\" is the most relevant code but encompasses a broader range of maintenance activities beyond cannula replacement alone." }] }, { "code" : "1230247009", "display" : "Replacement of dressing of insertion site of cannula", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to dressing of a device insertion site; the best available code covers application of any dressing to skin and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped to a cannula insertion site specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1230246000", "display" : "Replacement of dressing of insertion site of vascular catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the cannula dressing concept — ICHI has no code restricted to catheter insertion site dressing, so the generic skin dressing application code is the closest available match but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "68882003", "display" : "Replacement of electronic heart device, myocardial electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for replacing only the myocardial electrode (lead); the available replacement code covers the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the electrode component." }] }, { "code" : "18420001", "display" : "Replacement of wound catheter of integument", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for wound catheter replacement in integumentary tissue; the body-region-specific skin device replacement codes are more precise but require a body region not specified in the SNOMED concept. PZX.KA.AE covers percutaneous device replacement at any site and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to integument." }] }, { "code" : "231023008", "display" : "Repositioning of epidural electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The epidural space is within the spinal canal, and repositioning an electrode is a form of device management; however, ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal spinal canal device by any means, making it broader than the specific act of repositioning an epidural electrode percutaneously. No more specific ICHI code for repositioning a spinal canal/epidural electrode exists." }] }, { "code" : "177229002", "display" : "Repositioning of umbilical cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.LD.AC", "display" : "Replacement of prolapsed umbilical cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.LD.AC specifically describes replacing a prolapsed umbilical cord, which is the typical clinical scenario of cord repositioning. The SNOMED concept \"repositioning\" is broader and could cover any cord repositioning manoeuvre, while the ICHI code is the closest and most semantically appropriate match available in the NMM block." }] }, { "code" : "233185009", "display" : "Reprogramming of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pacemaker reprogramming specifically; HFC.SN.AA \"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" is the closest code and encompasses parameter adjustment and reprogramming, but it is broader as it covers any management activity (e.g., interrogation, function check) and also includes defibrillators." }] }, { "code" : "175137001", "display" : "Resiting of lead of intravenous pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specific to repositioning or resiting a pacemaker lead in isolation; HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the pacemaker/defibrillator system as a whole, which is broader than a targeted lead resiting procedure. No code for partial lead replacement or repositioning alone exists in the HFC block." }] }, { "code" : "314640007", "display" : "Resuture of perineal wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA \"Repair of perineum\" is the closest ICHI code, but it covers any perineal repair procedure, not specifically a secondary resuturing (wound dehiscence repair). ICHI does not distinguish between primary and secondary closure, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept of resuturing an already-sutured perineal wound." }] }, { "code" : "288087000", "display" : "Resuture wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"resuture\" action; the closest concept is repair (MK) of skin and subcutaneous tissue, which covers wound closure including secondary suturing. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all repair methods, not only re-suturing, and does not specify body-site location." }] }, { "code" : "176086008", "display" : "Retrograde catheter ureteropyelography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram) is imaging of the renal pelvis, which is the closest ICHI match to ureteropyelography; the SNOMED concept specifies retrograde catheter technique, but ICHI does not encode the retrograde/catheter approach modifier for this procedure, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "405354006", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of vascular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for revision of a vascular anastomosis or prosthesis; IZE.MK.AA (repair of blood vessel NEC) is the nearest concept covering surgical correction of a vascular structure, but it does not distinguish prosthesis/anastomosis revision from primary repair, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "34955007", "display" : "Revision of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's HFC.SN.AA covers management (non-replacement adjustment/revision) of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, which is the closest match to AICD revision; ICHI does not separately classify ICD revision vs. pacemaker revision, and \"management\" is a broader action than the specific SNOMED concept of revision." }] }, { "code" : "224967001", "display" : "Revision of cannula for dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dialysis cannula is typically part of an arteriovenous access/shunt circuit; IZA.SN.AF (management of arteriovenous shunt) is the nearest ICHI code covering procedural management of dialysis vascular access, but it does not specifically denote cannula revision and is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "302329002", "display" : "Revision of distal catheter of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Management of internal device of ventricles of brain\" covers adjustment or maintenance of the ventricular shunt system, which encompasses revision of the distal (peritoneal) catheter component, but is broader because it applies to the entire device rather than specifying the distal limb." }] }, { "code" : "65168002", "display" : "Revision of implantable intravenous infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for revision of an implantable intravenous infusion pump; \"Management of pharmacotherapy internal device\" is the closest available concept, covering maintenance and adjustment of implanted drug-delivery devices, but is broader in both anatomical target and action scope." }] }, { "code" : "18036005", "display" : "Revision of implanted intra-arterial infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An implanted intra-arterial infusion pump is a vascular device; ICHI's \"Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified\" captures the arterial anatomical context, though it remains broader as it covers any vascular device management rather than specifically arterial infusion pump revision." }] }, { "code" : "230946000", "display" : "Revision of intracranial pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ICP monitoring catheter is an intracranial device, and \"Replacement of intracranial device\" is the best available ICHI code for its surgical revision; however, it is broader as it covers any intracranial device replacement and does not distinguish catheter-type pressure monitors from other implants." }] }, { "code" : "230943008", "display" : "Revision of intracranial pressure transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An intracranial pressure transducer is an intracranial device, and \"Replacement of intracranial device\" is the closest ICHI code for the surgical revision of this monitor; it is broader because it encompasses all intracranial device replacement without distinguishing transducer-based monitors." }] }, { "code" : "307991006", "display" : "Revision of mastectomy scar", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mastectomy scar revision; LAB.MK.AA (repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue of trunk) is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader because it covers any repair of trunk skin rather than specifically the post-mastectomy scar site." }] }, { "code" : "302326009", "display" : "Revision of proximal catheter of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA (replacement of ventricular device) best captures revision/replacement of a component of the ventricular shunt system, but is broader because it does not specify that only the proximal (ventricular) catheter — as opposed to the whole shunt system — is being revised." }] }, { "code" : "234712004", "display" : "Root canal obturation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.ML.AC encompasses the full root canal procedure including preparation, shaping, and obturation, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the obturation step alone; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific procedural phase." }] }, { "code" : "234707000", "display" : "Root canal preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Root canal preparation refers specifically to mechanical shaping and cleaning of the root canal system, which is one component of the broader root canal therapy procedure captured by KAE.ML.AC, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "447831009", "display" : "Secondary suturing of wound of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for secondary (delayed) suturing of an abdominal wound; PAL.MK.AA \"Repair of abdominal wall\" is the closest structural match, but it is broader as it encompasses all repair approaches and does not distinguish primary from secondary closure timing." }] }, { "code" : "231084004", "display" : "Semi-permanent pressure technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SB.AH", "display" : "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Semi-permanent pressure technique\" is a specific variant of acupressure (sustained/prolonged pressure applied to acupoints), while PZX.SB.AH is a broader NEC category covering acupressure when no more specific site-based code applies; the ICHI code does not capture the \"semi-permanent\" duration qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "397241003", "display" : "Simple hepatorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.MK.AA (Repair of liver) is the best available ICHI match for hepatorrhaphy (suture of the liver), but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish \"simple\" suture/repair from more complex reconstructive repairs of the liver." }] }, { "code" : "23350009", "display" : "Simple repair of wounds of face and ears", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region, which encompasses the face and ears; it is wider because it does not distinguish \"simple\" wound repair from other repair types, and head/neck is a broader anatomical scope than face and ears alone." }] }, { "code" : "11856001", "display" : "Simple repair of wounds of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.MK.AA is a strong anatomical match for wounds of the trunk, but is wider because ICHI does not differentiate \"simple\" wound repair (primary closure/suture) from other repair methods, nor does it explicitly specify wound as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "82808001", "display" : "Sleep apnea monitoring with alarm", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Monitoring of respiration function\" captures the monitoring of respiratory activity that underlies sleep apnea monitoring, but is broader because it does not specify the sleep apnea context, the alarm component, or the overnight/home-use nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16552301000119102", "display" : "SPECT of whole body for localization of neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's whole-body SPECT code is a precise match on modality and body scope, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the clinical purpose of neoplasm localization that is intrinsic to the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "233045000", "display" : "Static balloon atrial septostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the interatrial communication, the core action in a balloon atrial septostomy; however, the ICHI code does not capture the \"static balloon\" technique (vs. blade septostomy), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "439305006", "display" : "Stereotactic insertion of intracerebral infusion catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AA captures insertion of a device into the brain (target and action align), but ICHI does not encode the stereotactic guidance technique or the specific catheter subtype, making it broader than the fully specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "872661000000104", "display" : "Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE matches the target (breast), action (insertion), and approach (percutaneous), but does not specify stereotactic mammography guidance or that the device is a localisation marker, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "172707007", "display" : "Suction clearance of middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drainage of the middle ear is the closest ICHI code and suction clearance is a specific form of drainage, but the ICHI term is broader as it does not specify the mechanism (suction/aspiration vs. tube/incision drainage)." }] }, { "code" : "225148005", "display" : "Surgical debridement of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NEC skin/subcutaneous debridement with incision is the best available code for surgical wound debridement, but ICHI scopes this to skin/subcutaneous tissue while the SNOMED concept covers wounds on any body part; no body-site-neutral \"wound debridement\" code exists." }] }, { "code" : "66960000", "display" : "Suture of corneal laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of cornea (BBB.MK.AA) captures the target and therapeutic intent, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture repair of a laceration; ICHI does not distinguish between repair techniques or injury type." }] }, { "code" : "2322003", "display" : "Suture of recent wound of eyelid, direct closure, full-thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of eyelid (BAA.MK.AA) correctly targets the eyelid with a repair action, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture technique, wound recency, direct closure, and full-thickness involvement; ICHI does not encode these surgical specifics." }] }, { "code" : "56358006", "display" : "Suture of recent wound of eyelid, direct closure, partial-thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyelid in general, which encompasses suture closure, but ICHI does not distinguish between partial-thickness versus full-thickness closure or the \"recent wound\" qualifier, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "112729008", "display" : "Suture of wound of coxofemoral joint capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.MK.AA covers repair of the hip joint broadly and is the closest available code for suturing the coxofemoral (hip) joint capsule; however, ICHI does not isolate the joint capsule specifically as a sub-target, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "47520009", "display" : "Suture of wound of forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forefoot-specific repair code; the best structural match is repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which encompasses the forefoot but is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "288086009", "display" : "Suture open wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Suture open wound\" is a non-site-specific procedure that maps to the NEC repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue category; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous repairs and does not isolate suture as the specific repair technique." }] }, { "code" : "439760002", "display" : "Taking an impression for creation of custom ear prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.AB.AH", "display" : "Size measurement of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Impression-taking for a custom ear prosthesis is fundamentally a dimensional/shape measurement of the external ear to create a fabrication mould; CAA.AB.AH is the closest available concept, though broader as it covers any size measurement of the external ear." }] }, { "code" : "444326006", "display" : "Taking impression of chest for custom breast implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAE.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of chest", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Taking a physical impression of the chest to size a custom breast implant is a form of body measurement of the chest wall; PAE.AB.AH is the closest ICHI code, but is broader because it encompasses any chest measurement and does not specify the purpose of implant fabrication." }] }, { "code" : "225997002", "display" : "Taking wound swab", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wound swab is a surface specimen collection to obtain microbiological material from a wound; ICHI lacks a wound-specific or swab-specific specimen collection code, so PZX.AH.ZZ is the best available match, though broader." }] }, { "code" : "252573007", "display" : "Taub test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Taub test (Motor Activity Log) assesses voluntary use of an impaired upper limb following neurological injury; MVD.AC.ZZ captures this functional domain, though broader since it is not specific to upper limb use or the constraint-induced movement therapy context." }] }, { "code" : "386639001", "display" : "Termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NME", "display" : "Interventions on uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific codes for termination of pregnancy by oral medication (NME.DB.AC) and by hysterotomy (NME.JE.AA), but the SNOMED concept is a generic category covering all methods. No single ICHI category code covers termination of pregnancy without specifying route/method, so the parent block \"Interventions on uterus\" is assigned as a wider grouping." }] }, { "code" : "439413006", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with control of traumatic hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCH.AE.AB represents thoracoscopy of the thoracic cavity but does not encode the specific purpose of hemorrhage control; ICHI has no code combining thoracoscopy with hemostasis or bleeding control in the chest, so the plain thoracoscopy code is the closest available match but is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "45782002", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of axillary artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from the upper limb artery, which encompasses the axillary artery; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any upper limb artery rather than the axillary artery specifically, and does not distinguish the catheter-based thrombectomy technique." }] }, { "code" : "71335008", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of axillary vein by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all veins of the upper limb (open approach), correctly encompassing the axillary vein and arm incision approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the axillary vein alone. The action — open extraction of obstruction (thrombus via catheter) — maps well." }] }, { "code" : "64622008", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of femoropopliteal vein by leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.JE.AA covers extraction of any obstruction from any lower limb vein via open approach, which encompasses the femoropopliteal vein thrombectomy via leg incision. ICHI does not distinguish the specific vein segment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "48195000", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of innominate artery by thoracic incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI IDA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstructions (including thrombus) from any thoracic artery via open approach, which matches the catheter thrombectomy via thoracic incision of the innominate artery; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all thoracic arteries and does not specify the innominate artery or catheter technique." }] }, { "code" : "21841006", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of mesenteric artery by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA captures open arterial obstruction removal from abdominal or pelvic arteries, which encompasses catheter-assisted thrombectomy of the mesenteric artery via abdominal incision; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not distinguish thrombectomy from endarterectomy." }] }, { "code" : "42471000", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery by leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstructions from any lower limb artery, which includes catheter thrombectomy of the popliteal-tibio-peroneal artery via leg incision; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all lower limb arteries without specifying the popliteal-tibio-peroneal territory or catheter technique." }] }, { "code" : "24262002", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of radial artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers open arterial obstruction removal from any upper limb artery via open approach, encompassing catheter-assisted thrombectomy of the radial artery by arm incision; the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the radial artery specifically nor the catheter technique." }] }, { "code" : "50086002", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of renal artery by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA covers open removal of obstructions from abdominal or pelvic arteries, which includes catheter thrombectomy of the renal artery via abdominal incision; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not only the renal artery) and does not distinguish thrombectomy with catheter from other endarterectomy." }] }, { "code" : "8760004", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from any upper limb artery, which is broader than the subclavian artery specifically, and does not capture the catheter technique or the arm incision approach. ICHI has no dedicated subclavian artery thrombectomy code at finer granularity." }] }, { "code" : "3758004", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for open thrombectomy of the subclavian artery, but it is broader in target (all upper limb arteries) and does not distinguish the neck incision access route from other open approaches." }] }, { "code" : "82417006", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by thoracic incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA is the closest available code for open subclavian artery thrombectomy regardless of access route, and ICHI does not encode the thoracic incision approach as a distinct dimension at this level." }] }, { "code" : "71000002", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian vein by arm incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICD.JE.AA semantically aligns well with catheter thrombectomy of the subclavian vein (extraction of obstruction, open approach), but it is broader in target (all upper limb veins) and does not encode the arm incision access route specifically." }] }, { "code" : "52155000", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian vein by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICD.JE.AA is the closest ICHI code for open subclavian vein thrombectomy, being broader in anatomical target and not distinguishing the neck incision from other open approaches." }] }, { "code" : "7218004", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIC.JE.AA matches the target (inferior vena cava) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the open abdominal incision approach. No more specific open surgical code exists for this vessel." }] }, { "code" : "50487004", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The leg incision approach suggests access via the femoral vein to reach the inferior vena cava; HIC.JE.AA captures the extraction of obstruction from that vessel but is broader because it does not differentiate by surgical access route." }] }, { "code" : "405596009", "display" : "Thrombolysis of iliac artery via femoral artery catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac artery is anatomically an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.DB.AF captures both the target and the action (thrombolysis, percutaneous/endovascular); the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the femoral artery catheter as the delivery route, a detail not encoded in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "405356008", "display" : "Thrombolysis of lower limb artery via brachial artery catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.DB.AF correctly captures the target (lower limb artery) and the action (thrombolysis), but does not encode the specific access route via brachial artery catheter that is part of the SNOMED concept's meaning, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "231358001", "display" : "Topical local anesthetic to wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AH captures the topical/external route of administration to the skin surface, which corresponds to application to a wound, but the ICHI code does not specify the substance type (local anesthetic) or the target condition (wound), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "398189002", "display" : "Tracheobronchial lavage via suction catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JA.AC", "display" : "Other lavage of bronchus and trachea, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures lavage of the bronchus and trachea, which aligns with the tracheobronchial territory and the washing action of the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the suction catheter means or distinguish this from other lavage methods." }] }, { "code" : "232616006", "display" : "Tracheostomy toilet", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTC.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Tracheostomy toilet\" refers to routine cleaning and clearing of secretions from a tracheostomy stoma and tube, which falls within tracheostomy management; however, the ICHI code encompasses all management activities (not just cleaning), making it broader than this specific nursing procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1287654009", "display" : "Transcatheter replacement of mitral valve bioprosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter mitral valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.DN.AF covers transcatheter mitral valve replacement in general and does not distinguish between replacement of a native valve and replacement of a previously implanted bioprosthesis (valve-in-valve), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231286004", "display" : "Wide local excision of lesion of breast using magnetic seed marker", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core procedure (local excision of a breast lesion) but does not encode the guidance technique (magnetic seed / Magseed localisation), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No breast-specific ICHI code exists that captures image-guided or marker-guided localisation." }] }, { "code" : "1351741009", "display" : "Ab externo canaloplasty of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Canaloplasty restores aqueous outflow by dilating Schlemm's canal, which aligns with the ICHI action \"facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber\"; however, the ICHI code does not encode the ab externo surgical approach or the left-eye laterality (which would require an extension code), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351774009", "display" : "Ab externo canaloplasty of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Canaloplasty dilates and stents Schlemm's canal to facilitate aqueous humor outflow — a circulation-facilitating procedure in the anterior chamber — but ICHI does not distinguish ab externo vs ab interno approach, nor laterality at the code level. BBE.LI.AA is the closest structural and functional match in ICHI's anterior chamber block." }] }, { "code" : "1351643003", "display" : "Ab interno canaloplasty of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab interno canaloplasty also targets Schlemm's canal to restore aqueous outflow, mapping to the same ICHI anterior-chamber circulation-facilitation code; ICHI is broader because it does not encode the specific ab interno surgical approach or the laterality (left eye)." }] }, { "code" : "1351645005", "display" : "Ab interno canaloplasty of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same as the left-eye ab interno variant — the procedure and target are identical; the only SNOMED granularity absent from ICHI is the ab interno approach qualifier and right-eye laterality, both of which ICHI does not encode at code level." }] }, { "code" : "235517002", "display" : "Ablation of celiac plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The celiac plexus is part of the sympathetic/autonomic peripheral nervous system and ablation is a form of destruction; ICHI's peripheral nerve destruction code (open approach) is the best structural match but is considerably broader — it does not specify the celiac plexus as the target or the ablation modality. The sympathetic system blocks in ICHI (ADB–ADE) cover cervical/thoracic/lumbar/sacral chains but have no dedicated celiac/splanchnic entry, making ACA.GA.AA the most appropriate available code." }] }, { "code" : "448125005", "display" : "Ablation of neoplasm of bile duct using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.GA.AD covers destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct endoscopically, which is the predominant route for laser ablation of bile duct neoplasms, but the code does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to neoplasm, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "447383005", "display" : "Ablation of stricture of urethra using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of urethral lesion or tissue — the standard approach for laser treatment of urethral strictures — but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to a stricture, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243069004", "display" : "Abuse counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"abuse counselling\" code; this code covers counselling within the violence/abuse behaviours domain but is broader, encompassing all violence-related behaviours without specifying the type of abuse or counselling focus." }] }, { "code" : "370881007", "display" : "Abuse prevention assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the closest ICHI code — an assessment in the violence/abuse behaviours domain — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the assessment is oriented toward prevention and does not restrict to \"violence-related behaviours\" (which may not cover all forms of abuse)." }] }, { "code" : "229433001", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the hyoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for hyoid-specific mobilization; the hyoid block (MAH) only contains excision and suspension procedures, so the head/neck joint manipulation code is the nearest available, covering the anatomical region but broader than the specific manual therapy technique applied to the hyoid bone." }] }, { "code" : "229422004", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the sacrococcygeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacrococcygeal joint lies within the pelvic region musculoskeletal structures, making this the most precise available ICHI code, though it is broader as it encompasses any joint of the pelvic region and does not distinguish accessory mobilization from other manipulation techniques." }] }, { "code" : "229431004", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the thyroid cartilage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The thyroid cartilage is a laryngeal cartilage in the head/neck region; ICHI does not have a specific code for thyroid cartilage mobilization, but MAJ.PB.AH (mobilisation of a head or neck joint/articulation) is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any head or neck joint rather than the specific cricoarytenoid or cricothyroid articulation targeted in accessory mobilization of the thyroid cartilage." }] }, { "code" : "134185000", "display" : "Accident prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VC1", "display" : "Interventions on safety-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category code for \"accident prevention\" as a generic concept; the closest structural home is the block BlockL3-VC1 (Interventions on safety-related behaviours), which encompasses the full range of prevention activities across road, workplace, home, and water safety. Assigning the block is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category rather than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "306910000", "display" : "Acid etch splinting of teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Acid etch splinting is a technique in which an etched composite resin splint is bonded to teeth to provide stabilization; ICHI does not have a specific code for this procedure, but KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device, within Interventions on teeth) is the closest match as it covers application of any dental device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the acid-etch bonding technique or the splinting purpose." }] }, { "code" : "127785005", "display" : "Active or passive immunization", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's most granular vaccination codes (DTB.VD.AC oral, DTB.VD.AE percutaneous) cover active immunization by route, and DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of immunological agents (which can represent passive immunization with immunoglobulins), but no single ICHI code jointly represents both active and passive immunization as the SNOMED concept does; DTB.VD.AE is taken as the representative code, with the SNOMED concept extending beyond it to also include passive immunization." }] }, { "code" : "228573002", "display" : "Activity scheduling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Activity scheduling\" is a specific cognitive-behavioural technique of structuring a patient's activities over time, which is subsumed under ICHI's \"Individualised planning\" (PZB.TB.ZZ, whole-person planning action); the ICHI code is broader as it covers any form of individual care planning, not specifically behavioural activity scheduling." }] }, { "code" : "14985009", "display" : "Add tooth to existing partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for adding a tooth to an existing partial denture; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the broadest applicable category covering modification or maintenance of external dental appliances, but it encompasses far more than just adding a tooth unit to a partial denture." }] }, { "code" : "288097009", "display" : "Adipose tissue reduction operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's LZZ.LL.AA covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue (which includes adipose tissue) in a body-site-unspecified residual category, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; liposuction-specific site codes exist but the SNOMED concept is not site-specific, so the NEC residual code is the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "234874003", "display" : "Adjust acrylic component of orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish orthodontic appliance adjustment as a separate code; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest match as it covers maintenance/management activities on external dental appliances, but it is considerably broader and does not specify adjustment of an acrylic orthodontic component specifically." }] }, { "code" : "10996005", "display" : "Adjust complete denture, lower", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external dental appliance, which includes adjusting a lower complete denture, but it does not distinguish the arch (lower vs. upper) or the type of appliance (complete denture vs. other). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "8973006", "display" : "Adjust complete denture, upper", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as for the lower denture — KAE.SM.AC encompasses management of external dental appliances without specifying arch or appliance type, making it broader than this SNOMED concept for an upper complete denture." }] }, { "code" : "234859000", "display" : "Adjust fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fixed orthodontic appliances (brackets, wires) are external dental appliances attached to the teeth, so their adjustment falls within KAE.SM.AC, but the ICHI code covers all external tooth appliances and does not capture the fixed orthodontic specificity." }] }, { "code" : "234875002", "display" : "Adjust functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of external appliance of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Functional orthodontic appliances primarily work by repositioning the mandible rather than acting directly on teeth, making MAG.SM.AH (management of external appliance of mandible) a closer anatomical and functional fit than the tooth-targeted KAE.SM.AC; however the ICHI code still does not specify the orthodontic nature of the appliance, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "234869006", "display" : "Adjust neonatal orthodontic plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers management (including adjustment) of external dental appliances, which encompasses an orthodontic plate, but does not capture the neonatal patient specificity nor the plate as a distinct device type. The ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any external tooth appliance in any patient population." }] }, { "code" : "234876001", "display" : "Adjust orthodontic headgear", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthodontic headgear is an external craniofacial-dental appliance whose primary clinical purpose is tooth and jaw repositioning, making \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish headgear from other external dental appliances, and headgear also involves extraoral (cranial/cervical) anchoring not reflected in the tooth-only target axis." }] }, { "code" : "284553009", "display" : "Adjust orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic retainer is directly an external appliance of the teeth, and \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" captures the action of adjusting it well. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify retainer as the device type or orthodontic retention as the clinical purpose." }] }, { "code" : "234865000", "display" : "Adjust palatal arch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A palatal arch is an orthodontic appliance anchored to the teeth and spanning the hard palate, making \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" the best available match. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the palatal location or the arch wire device type, and no more specific palate-tooth appliance management code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "69989002", "display" : "Adjust partial denture, lower", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A partial denture is an external removable prosthetic dental appliance, and adjusting it falls within \"Management of external appliance of tooth.\" The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish partial dentures from other external tooth appliances, nor does it capture the lower jaw (mandibular) laterality." }] }, { "code" : "15216004", "display" : "Adjust partial denture, upper", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of any external dental appliance, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an upper partial denture specifically. No ICHI code exists for partial denture adjustment alone, making this the closest available match within the dental interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "234870007", "display" : "Adjust removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the best available ICHI code for adjusting a removable orthodontic appliance, as ICHI has no dedicated orthodontic appliance adjustment code; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of dental appliance management rather than specifically removable orthodontic devices." }] }, { "code" : "233415005", "display" : "Adjustment of arterial stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for adjusting or managing an arterial stent; IZE.SN.AF covers management of a vascular device NEC, which is the closest match but is broader because it applies to any vascular device in any blood vessel, not just arterial stents specifically." }] }, { "code" : "238315007", "display" : "Adjustment of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.SN.AH covers management of any internal device placed within the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses adjustment/repositioning of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to dialysis catheters or to the chronic ambulatory modality." }] }, { "code" : "427442004", "display" : "Adjustment of dental crown to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting or adjusting a dental crown to a tooth is a restorative dental procedure, and KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the best available match; however it is broader, covering all forms of tooth restoration rather than specifically crown fitting/adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "233440003", "display" : "Adjustment of intraluminal device of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF is the best available match for managing/adjusting an intraluminal device within a vein, but it is broader because it is not restricted to venous vessels and covers any vascular device NEC rather than specifically intraluminal venous devices." }] }, { "code" : "399097000", "display" : "Administration of anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AC", "display" : "Inhalational anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI offers no route-unspecified \"administration of anaesthesia\" category; PZA.DC.AC (inhalational) and PZA.DC.AF (intravenous) are the only whole-body anaesthesia codes, both narrower in route than the generic SNOMED concept, so the SNOMED source is broader than any available ICHI target — PZA.DC.AC is selected as a representative code with \"wider\" equivalence reflecting that the SNOMED concept subsumes it." }] }, { "code" : "47451004", "display" : "Administration of electrolytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for electrolyte administration; PZA.DA.ZZ covers administration of nutritional substances (including minerals/electrolytes) to the whole body but is broader, as it encompasses all nutritional requirements rather than electrolytes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "871564005", "display" : "Administration of essential fatty acid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Essential fatty acids are nutritional substances, and PZA.DA.ZZ is the residual ICHI category for administering nutritional requirements to the whole body; it is wider because it covers all nutritional substances, not just essential fatty acids." }] }, { "code" : "182944009", "display" : "Administration of iodized salt", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.VI.ZZ", "display" : "Fortification of staple foods", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Iodized salt is the primary real-world example of staple food fortification, and UAB.VI.ZZ directly represents this public health intervention; the ICHI code is wider because it covers fortification of any staple food, not only iodized salt specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1287209003", "display" : "Administration of mitotic inhibitor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no drug-class-specific administration codes (no chemotherapy, antineoplastic, or mitotic inhibitor categories), so PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match; it is wider because it covers administration of any pharmacotherapy, not specifically mitotic inhibitors." }] }, { "code" : "406152008", "display" : "Admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers a general health assessment of the whole person (unspecified means), which encompasses the clinical activities performed at admission; however, ICHI does not encode the \"admission\" context specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716275008", "display" : "Adolescent health screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI code — it covers comprehensive assessment of the whole person — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a screening examination targeted at the adolescent age group; ICHI has no age-group-specific or screening-specific counterpart for this." }] }, { "code" : "243769006", "display" : "Adrenal vein sampling catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adrenal vein sampling involves catheter-guided collection of blood from the adrenal veins to measure hormone levels; the closest ICHI code is DIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood), which captures the specimen-collection action but is broader — it does not specify the adrenal vein site, the catheterisation means, or the diagnostic purpose. ICHI has no dedicated code for selective adrenal venous sampling." }] }, { "code" : "370877007", "display" : "Adult day center assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is a general whole-person health assessment with no specificity to a day centre setting or adult population, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is anchored to a particular care setting (adult day centre). No ICHI code captures the day-centre-specific context, so this is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "34538004", "display" : "Advancement of round ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Advancement (shortening/repositioning) of the round ligament is a classic surgical technique used to achieve uterine suspension and correct uterine retroversion; NME.LC.AA (Uterine suspension) is the closest ICHI category, but it is broader as it encompasses any method of suspending the uterus, not exclusively round ligament advancement. No more specific ICHI code for round ligament manipulation exists." }] }, { "code" : "169394006", "display" : "Afterload radiotherapy of oropharyngeal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.GA.AA covers destruction of oral pharyngeal tissue by any modality (open approach), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies afterload (high-dose-rate brachytherapy) as the technique. No ICHI code exists specifically for radiotherapy/brachytherapy of the oropharynx, so this broader destruction code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "288836004", "display" : "Agreeing on elements of the care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised (person-level) planning as a whole-person intervention, which broadly encompasses negotiating and agreeing on a care plan with a patient; however, it does not capture the specific collaborative \"agreeing\" act described in the SNOMED concept, making it a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "386509000", "display" : "Airway management", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the respiratory system, voice and speech, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Airway management is a broad clinical category spanning assessment, insertion of airways, suctioning, ventilation, and positioning; no single ICHI code captures this composite concept, and the unspecified respiratory-system residual code is the broadest available container, though it substantially overshoots in scope." }] }, { "code" : "395142003", "display" : "Allergy screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"allergy test\" code; \"Test of functions of the immunological system\" is the closest match because allergy testing evaluates immune/hypersensitivity responses, but the ICHI code is broader, covering any immunological function test rather than allergy-specific screening." }] }, { "code" : "711189009", "display" : "Allotransplantation of meniscus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MMD", "display" : "Interventions on knee meniscus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated transplantation code for the meniscus — the MMD block covers all interventions on knee meniscus (division, procurement, excision, repair, meniscoplasty) but lacks a transplantation/allograft category. The block is the best available anchor, broader than the specific SNOMED allotransplantation concept." }] }, { "code" : "185406000", "display" : "Ambulance request for patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for requesting or dispatching an ambulance; UEP.TI.ZZ is the closest available concept, though it is broader and covers all referral types rather than ambulance dispatch specifically." }] }, { "code" : "707739007", "display" : "Ambulating with assistance of one person", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.RB.ZZ captures providing practical (physical) support to enable walking, which semantically matches assisted ambulation; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the number of assistants." }] }, { "code" : "707741008", "display" : "Ambulating with assistance of team of people", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.RB.ZZ is the best available match for team-assisted ambulation; ICHI does not distinguish between single-person and team-assisted walking support, so the code is wider than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "707740009", "display" : "Ambulating with assistance of two people", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.RB.ZZ captures practical (physical) support during walking; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the number of assistants (two people), making the SNOMED concept a more granular instance." }] }, { "code" : "408817009", "display" : "Amniotomy at delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes) is the principal surgical method used in surgical induction of labour; ICHI has no more specific code for amniotomy alone, and the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all surgical induction methods, not just membrane rupture." }] }, { "code" : "400053006", "display" : "Amputation of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific amputation codes (humerus, forearm, above-knee, below-knee, foot, etc.) but no single code for amputation of a limb generically; MZZ.JN.AA is the residual \"not elsewhere classified\" amputation code, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444156006", "display" : "Analysis of genome using heteroduplex technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PYA", "display" : "Interventions on genome", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no assignable code for any specific genomic analysis technique; the block \"Interventions on genome\" is the only structural match and encompasses all genome interventions including analysis, broader than this technique-defined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443880003", "display" : "Analysis of genome using melting curve technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PYA", "display" : "Interventions on genome", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable code for melting curve analysis of the genome; the block \"Interventions on genome\" is the only applicable grouping and is broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443967002", "display" : "Analysis using amplification refractory mutation system PCR", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PYA", "display" : "Interventions on genome", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not represent PCR-based or mutation-detection techniques at the code level; the block \"Interventions on genome\" is the closest applicable level and is semantically broader than this specific ARMS-PCR technique." }] }, { "code" : "444152008", "display" : "Analysis using chain termination sequencing technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PYA", "display" : "Interventions on genome", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chain termination (Sanger) sequencing is a specific DNA analysis method with no corresponding ICHI assignable code; the block \"Interventions on genome\" covers all genomic interventions and is the only available ICHI mapping, broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444076003", "display" : "Analysis using real time PCR", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Real-time PCR (qPCR) is a specific nucleic acid amplification technique; ICHI's XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly without distinguishing the real-time/quantitative method variant, making it the closest available match but broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444077007", "display" : "Analysis using reverse transcriptase PCR", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) converts RNA to cDNA before amplification, used primarily for RNA virus detection; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique, and XG4U02 is the closest concept but broader and does not capture the RT step or RNA target specificity." }] }, { "code" : "410272009", "display" : "Anatomy/physiology education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PM", "display" : "Education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PM action code represents \"Education\" as a broad intervention category applied across body system targets, but there is no single assignable category code covering anatomy/physiology education generically; PM is broader as it encompasses all education interventions regardless of topic." }] }, { "code" : "3090000", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of lower limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy followed by graft replacement, a specific reconstructive technique; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of artery of lower limb broadly, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "11242008", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of thoracic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDA.ML.AA encompasses reconstruction of any thoracic artery by any technique, while the SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy with graft replacement; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "425211006", "display" : "Anger management education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions generally and does not distinguish anger; no single ICHI code represents the combined education-guidance-counselling bundle, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "225321003", "display" : "Anger management training", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.PH.ZZ covers training of emotional functions broadly without specifying anger as the targeted emotion, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "88859007", "display" : "Angiectomy with graft replacement of upper limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.ML.AA encompasses reconstruction of upper limb artery by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies angiectomy with graft interposition; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "401221002", "display" : "Ankle brachial pressure index", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Measurement of blood pressure\" captures blood pressure measurement generally but is broader than ABPI, which is a specific bilateral comparison of ankle and brachial systolic pressures." }] }, { "code" : "58204008", "display" : "Annuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Annuloplasty is valve-annulus repair applicable across all cardiac valves, but ICHI provides only valve-specific repair codes; the block \"Interventions on heart valves\" is the best non-valve-specific representation." }] }, { "code" : "53310009", "display" : "Anoscopy with coagulation for control of hemorrhage of mucosal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction (which subsumes coagulation) of anal lesion or tissue, but does not specify the hemorrhage-control indication or anoscopic approach explicitly, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "312404004", "display" : "Antenatal blood tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection as a general act, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the antenatal period; no ICHI code combines blood collection with a pregnancy-specific context." }] }, { "code" : "2601000112106", "display" : "Antenatal fetal health surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AI.ZZ broadly covers monitoring within the pregnancy context but encompasses all pregnancy-related monitoring rather than fetal-specific surveillance, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "252948004", "display" : "Antepartum cardiotochogram", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cardiotocogram is a specific antepartum monitoring technique measuring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions; ICHI lacks a dedicated CTG code, making the pregnancy-monitoring code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1370906007", "display" : "Anterior decompression of cervical spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of spinal cord\" is the closest ICHI concept to anterior cervical decompression, but ICHI does not specify the anterior approach or cervical level, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "298672007", "display" : "Anterior decompression of shoulder joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of shoulder joint\" is the best ICHI equivalent for anterior decompression of the shoulder; ICHI does not capture the anterior approach specificity, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1197223002", "display" : "Anterior palatoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior palatoplasty is a surgical repair targeting the anterior palate region; KAS.ML.AA captures palate reconstruction broadly without specifying anterior versus posterior or hard versus soft palate." }] }, { "code" : "397560006", "display" : "Anterior stromal corneal puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior stromal corneal puncture (used for recurrent erosion syndrome) is a form of corneal incision; ICHI does not distinguish puncture from incision or specify stromal depth/anterior approach, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "788325009", "display" : "Anterior vertebral body tethering", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior vertebral body tethering implants a flexible cord anchored by screws into vertebral bodies for scoliosis correction; ICHI's NEC spinal device implantation code is broader, covering any spinal device implant." }] }, { "code" : "265725006", "display" : "Anterolateral release of spinal deformity and fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines anterolateral soft-tissue release and spinal fusion; ICHI captures only the fusion component under its NEC residual code, making the ICHI code broader and incomplete." }] }, { "code" : "308117007", "display" : "Antianginal therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antianginal therapy is pharmacological management of angina; ICHI has no cardiovascular drug-specific code, so providing medications is the closest available code but is far broader than the angina-specific therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "308116003", "display" : "Antihypertensive therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antihypertensive therapy denotes pharmacological management of elevated blood pressure; ICHI has no drug-treatment category for hypertension, so providing medications is the closest but far broader code." }] }, { "code" : "1303772009", "display" : "Aortic valve reconstruction with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDE.ML.AA captures the target (aortic valve) and action (reconstruction) precisely, but does not specify the means material — glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium — making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "77476009", "display" : "Application of back brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A back brace is a form of external immobilisation device applied to the spine; the ICHI code covers all spinal external immobilisation without specifying region or device type, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "112720007", "display" : "Application of body cast, shoulder to hips", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a cast applied from shoulder to hips, while ICHI covers any external immobilisation device applied to the trunk without specifying device type or extent, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "439847000", "display" : "Application of clubfoot cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the foot target and external immobilisation action but does not encode that the device is specifically a cast for clubfoot correction, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "239694007", "display" : "Application of collar and cuff sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A collar and cuff sling is a specific upper-limb fabric sling supporting the forearm; PMA.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the upper limb generally, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "85694002", "display" : "Application of dressing, soft cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A soft cast is a specific cast variant; ICHI's PZX.LC.AH is the only cast/splint application code and is broader in both device type and body site (unspecified)." }] }, { "code" : "712499007", "display" : "Application of focused rigidity cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A focused rigidity cast is a specific cast subtype targeted to a specific anatomical area; PZX.LC.AH is broader in both rigidity type and body site." }] }, { "code" : "430779007", "display" : "Application of functional brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A functional brace is an orthotic assistive product permitting controlled movement; PZX.DP.AH covers any unspecified body site, making it broader in both product specificity and anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "127599007", "display" : "Application of hip spica cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the hip joint and does not distinguish cast type (spica vs other), making it broader than the specific hip spica cast." }] }, { "code" : "440490004", "display" : "Application of long arm cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A long arm cast immobilises the entire upper limb spanning multiple anatomical levels; no single body-part-specific ICHI code covers this multi-segment extent, so the NEC upper limb code is the best fit but broader." }] }, { "code" : "63097004", "display" : "Application of long leg cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A long leg cast is a specific plaster/fibreglass immobilisation device spanning the entire lower limb from thigh to foot, which maps well to the lower limb immobilisation category; however, ICHI does not distinguish cast type or the multi-segment (thigh-to-foot) extent, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "430362004", "display" : "Application of lower extremity splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lower extremity splint is a specific type of external immobilisation device applied to the lower limb; PNA.LC.AH captures the correct anatomical region (lower limb) and action (application of external immobilisation device), but does not specify splint vs. cast or the sub-region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225074002", "display" : "Application of lubricant to lips", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no lip-specific topical substance application code; LAA.DB.AH (external application of substance to skin/subcutaneous tissue of head or neck) is the closest available code, covering the anatomical region and action, but it is far broader — encompassing all substances applied to any head/neck skin rather than specifically lubricant to lips." }] }, { "code" : "1285452004", "display" : "Application of orthodontic headgear", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthodontic headgear is an external orthodontic appliance that attaches to teeth/jaw to influence skeletal growth; KAE.LC.AC (application of dental device) is the closest ICHI code, but it encompasses all dental devices and does not distinguish the external/extra-oral nature or the orthodontic skeletal-correction purpose of headgear." }] }, { "code" : "180289009", "display" : "Application of plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH explicitly names \"cast or splint\" as the intervention type with no anatomical site specified, which closely parallels the SNOMED concept of applying a plaster cast without a specified location; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it also encompasses splints and any site, while the SNOMED concept specifies the material (plaster) but no site." }] }, { "code" : "439303004", "display" : "Application of rigid total contact leg cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNC.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PNC.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower leg, which includes casts but does not capture the specific \"total contact\" (TCC) technique used for diabetic foot offloading; the ICHI code is therefore broader and less precise than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438409006", "display" : "Application of short arm cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMC.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PMC.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device (including casts) to the forearm region, which is the primary anatomical target of a short arm cast; however, the ICHI code does not specify the \"cast\" subtype or that it also immobilises the wrist, making it somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "437955002", "display" : "Application of short leg cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNC.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PNC.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower leg, which aligns well anatomically with a short leg cast (below-knee to foot); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all device types (not just casts) and does not distinguish partial versus total contact variants." }] }, { "code" : "1237000", "display" : "Application of sugar tong cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sugar tong cast is a specific U-shaped cast immobilising the forearm and wrist (applied for distal radius fractures), while ICHI's code covers application of any external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the cast type or that the wrist is also immobilised. The ICHI code is thus broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "66057005", "display" : "Application of support hose", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Support hose (compression stockings) are assistive/supportive products applied to the lower limb, fitting the ICHI concept of installing an assistive product to the lower limb; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering any assistive product to the entire lower limb rather than specifically graduated compression hosiery to the leg." }] }, { "code" : "239689007", "display" : "Application of thumb spica strapping", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A thumb spica strapping immobilises the thumb and the first carpometacarpal/interphalangeal joints, which aligns with external immobilisation of a finger or hand joint; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any finger or hand joint and does not distinguish strapping from other immobilisation devices or the thumb specifically." }] }, { "code" : "239693001", "display" : "Application of triangular sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A triangular sling is a supportive device applied to the upper limb to immobilise or rest the arm, fitting the ICHI concept of installing an assistive product to the upper limb; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product to the entire upper limb rather than specifically a triangular bandage sling." }] }, { "code" : "430354007", "display" : "Application of upper extremity splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PMA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device (which includes splints) to the upper limb as a whole, making it a reasonable match; however, it is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" code that is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a splint specifically rather than the full range of external immobilisation devices." }] }, { "code" : "427996005", "display" : "Application of vacuum splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH is the only ICHI code covering splint application without an anatomical specification; it captures the splint application action but is broader because it does not distinguish the vacuum technique, nor does it specify a body site — which the SNOMED concept also omits, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "180317000", "display" : "Application of Zimmer splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Zimmer splint is a specific brand of foam-padded immobilisation splint applied without specifying body site; PZX.LC.AH is the only ICHI code for splint application not tied to a specific anatomical location, making it the best available match, though it is broader as it encompasses casts and all other splint types." }] }, { "code" : "404636007", "display" : "Argon laser trabeculoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon laser trabeculoplasty improves aqueous humour outflow through the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber angle, which maps functionally to facilitating circulation in the anterior chamber of the eye. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the laser modality, the argon energy source, or the specific trabecular meshwork target." }] }, { "code" : "183681001", "display" : "Arrange meals on wheels", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Meals on wheels\" is a home food delivery service for people unable to prepare their own meals, which falls within the scope of providing food as a health-related environmental intervention. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the community home-delivery arrangement, coordination, or the target population specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287762006", "display" : "Arsenic compound therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arsenic compounds (e.g., arsenic trioxide) are used as antineoplastic medications and ICHI has no specific code for this drug class or for chemotherapy in general; the closest available code is the broad \"Providing medications\" under the environment/products block. This is a very imprecise match as it captures only the medication-provision aspect without any clinical specificity about arsenic, route, or therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "1287761004", "display" : "Arsenic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arsenic therapy (a broader concept than arsenic compound therapy) has no specific ICHI code; like its sibling concept, the best available code is the generic \"Providing medications\" under products and technology interventions. The mapping is highly imprecise as ICHI lacks any code for arsenic-based or chemotherapeutic drug administration at a clinically meaningful level of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "392248001", "display" : "Arterial cannula insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of an arterial cannula is a percutaneous procedure that introduces a device into an artery, which aligns well with IZA.DL.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device inserted into any unspecified artery by a percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the device type (cannula) without specifying the artery location." }] }, { "code" : "312831006", "display" : "Arterial cannula procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cannula is a device inserted into an artery, and the percutaneous transluminal approach matches the typical technique; however, the ICHI code covers insertion of any device into any artery NEC, making it broader than this specific procedure type. No dedicated \"arterial cannulation\" category exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "87050008", "display" : "Arteriectomy with graft replacement of head and neck artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arteriectomy with graft replacement is a form of arterial reconstruction (excision of a segment followed by graft interposition), and IBA.ML.AA sits in the correct anatomical block (head and neck artery); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all reconstruction types, not just those involving arteriectomy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1335783004", "display" : "Arthrodesis of first metatarsophalangeal joint and replacement of lesser metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a dual-procedure combining arthrodesis of the first MTP joint with prosthetic replacement of a lesser MTP joint, but ICHI has no code capturing both components together and lacks a dedicated first MTP arthrodesis code. MOJ.LE.AA covers the arthrodesis component at the correct anatomical level; the joint replacement component cannot be combined into a single ICHI code, so the best single code is broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231395009", "display" : "Arthroplasty of joint using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no standalone \"arthroplasty with robotic assistance\" code; robotic assistance is captured as an extension code appended to a base code, and arthroplasty (joint replacement) maps most closely to \"implantation of device into joint.\" MRJ.DN.AA is the unspecified-site equivalent and is broader as it encompasses all joints and does not encode the robotic-assistance modality on its own." }] }, { "code" : "74253001", "display" : "Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint with allograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated TMJ arthroplasty-with-allograft code; the closest available code is MAJ.ML.AA (reconstruction of joint of head or neck), which captures the reconstructive nature of the procedure. The base ICHI code is broader because it covers any joint of the head or neck and any reconstruction technique, with the allograft material noted only via an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "31740007", "display" : "Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the allograft variant, ICHI has no dedicated TMJ arthroplasty-with-autograft code; MAJ.ML.AA (reconstruction of joint of head or neck) is the best available match for TMJ arthroplasty. The base code is broader as it encompasses any reconstruction technique and any joint of the head or neck, with the autograft tissue source noted only via an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "76034000", "display" : "Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of lunate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for prosthetic replacement of the lunate bone; MGB.DN.AA covers device implantation into any bone of the hand or finger, which is broader than the lunate-specific carpal bone prosthesis. The lunate, as a carpal bone, falls within the hand musculoskeletal block, making this the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "67201000", "display" : "Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement of trapezium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for trapezium arthroplasty; MGB.DN.AA covers device implantation into any bone of the hand or finger and is the nearest available code, as the trapezium is a carpal bone at the base of the thumb within the hand musculoskeletal block." }] }, { "code" : "449247005", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of capsule of elbow joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.FC.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the elbow joint generally, without distinguishing that the specific structure released is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "449362005", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of capsule of hip joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.FC.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the hip joint generally, without specifying that the released structure is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "449246001", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of capsule of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.FC.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the procedure as arthroscopic release of the knee joint generally, without specifying that the released structure is the joint capsule. The SNOMED concept is more specific (capsule only), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "5570001", "display" : "Arthrotomy for infection with exploration and drainage of carpometacarpal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The carpometacarpal joint is a joint of the hand, and MGJ.JB.AA covers drainage of any finger or hand joint. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the infectious indication, includes arthrotomy and exploration as part of the procedure, and targets the specific carpometacarpal joint rather than any hand or finger joint." }] }, { "code" : "58533008", "display" : "Artificial insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Artificial insemination (introduction of sperm into the uterus) is the primary procedure captured under uterine reproductive transfer procedures in ICHI, but the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses other uterine transfer interventions (e.g., embryo transfer) and does not distinguish the insemination technique or sperm source." }] }, { "code" : "302257006", "display" : "Arts-based therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NM7", "display" : "Art therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0NM7 \"Art therapy\" is an ICHI extension code under the \"Creative therapy\" block and is closely aligned, but \"arts-based therapy\" is a broader category that encompasses art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, and dance/movement therapy, whereas XG0NM7 refers specifically to visual art therapy. The SNOMED concept is therefore broader than this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "391897002", "display" : "Aspiration curettage of uterus for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Suction curettage of uterus\" is the standard ICHI term for aspiration (vacuum) curettage of the uterus and matches the procedural technique precisely, but the ICHI code does not encode the clinical indication (termination of pregnancy), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies this indication." }] }, { "code" : "238288000", "display" : "Aspiration of peritoneal drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aspiration of a peritoneal drain is a specific act of withdrawing fluid through an indwelling peritoneal drainage device, which falls under management of an internal device of the peritoneal cavity; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all management activities for peritoneal cavity devices, not just aspiration. No narrower ICHI code for aspiration specifically through a peritoneal drain exists." }] }, { "code" : "59858002", "display" : "Assembly and operation of pump with oxygenator or heat exchanger with monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.DD.AF", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PSA.DD.AF covers cardiopulmonary bypass as a whole, which is the clinical procedure that the SNOMED concept describes (assembling and operating the pump-oxygenator circuit). The ICHI code is broader in that it does not capture the specific monitoring or heat exchanger components that the SNOMED term enumerates." }] }, { "code" : "310218003", "display" : "Assess tooth mobility", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to assessing tooth mobility; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the best available code under the \"Interventions on teeth\" block and would encompass mobility assessment as one component of a dental examination, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711284007", "display" : "Assessment by uniprofessional team", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish team composition (uniprofessional vs. multiprofessional) in its coding structure; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest whole-person assessment code and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the assessment is performed by a single-profession team." }] }, { "code" : "707206008", "display" : "Assessment for bariatric surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to pre-surgical bariatric assessment or obesity surgery evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available assessment code and subsumes the concept, but covers the full population rather than being specific to bariatric surgical candidacy." }] }, { "code" : "792900002", "display" : "Assessment for breast reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has LCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast) for the procedure itself but no dedicated pre-procedure assessment code for breast reconstruction; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the only available assessment code that can cover this concept, though it is far broader than the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "1366726007", "display" : "Assessment for clinical trial", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for clinical trial eligibility screening or enrolment assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the only available code that could encompass a structured health assessment performed for any purpose, but it does not capture the research/trial-enrolment context at all." }] }, { "code" : "445966008", "display" : "Assessment for home oxygen therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has PZA.DD.AC (Oxygen therapy) for the treatment itself but no code for pre-therapy assessment or home oxygen prescribing evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the nearest available code but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1285609007", "display" : "Assessment for intimate partner abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of family and partner violence behaviours broadly, which includes intimate partner abuse but is not restricted to it. The SNOMED concept is narrower in scope (intimate partner specifically, and framed as abuse rather than the broader violence behaviour construct)." }] }, { "code" : "428342003", "display" : "Assessment for long term oxygen therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific eligibility assessment to determine suitability for long-term oxygen therapy, which is a respiratory clinical decision; JTB.AA.ZZ captures the respiratory function assessment domain but is broader, encompassing any assessment of respiration rather than one specifically oriented toward oxygen therapy candidacy." }] }, { "code" : "711380001", "display" : "Assessment for minor surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no pre-operative or surgical fitness assessment code; the closest available code is the general health assessment of the whole person, which is substantially broader than a targeted pre-surgical evaluation for minor procedures." }] }, { "code" : "413292001", "display" : "Assessment for referral", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for an assessment conducted specifically to determine whether a referral is needed; the only referral-related code (UEP.TI.ZZ) represents the act of referring rather than the preceding assessment, so the general health assessment is used as the broadest reasonable approximation." }] }, { "code" : "710855004", "display" : "Assessment for sign of discomfort", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discomfort is a closely related but broader sensory experience than pain; AXA.AA.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for assessing this class of unpleasant sensory experience. ICHI has no dedicated discomfort assessment code, so pain assessment is used as the closest available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "707999001", "display" : "Assessment for sterilization procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically represents a pre-sterilization assessment; the closest available code covers assessment of fertility-related functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any fertility function assessment, not solely a workup prior to a sterilization procedure." }] }, { "code" : "707998009", "display" : "Assessment for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to a pre-abortion or pre-termination assessment; the code for assessing pregnancy-related functions is the best available fit. It is wider because it applies to any assessment of pregnancy function, not exclusively assessment prior to termination." }] }, { "code" : "712533008", "display" : "Assessment of ability to perform caretaking", "target" : [{ "code" : "SPD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assisting others", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Caretaking\" — caring for dependents such as children or elderly — aligns most closely with ICHI's \"assisting others\" target (SPD) under the domestic life domain, but ICHI's concept is broader, covering any form of assisting others and not specifically the dependent-care role implied by caretaking." }] }, { "code" : "445344009", "display" : "Assessment of ability to perform peak flow technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Peak flow measurement is a specific test of maximal expiratory airflow, but ICHI has no dedicated peak flow code; the assessment of respiration function code covers respiratory function assessment broadly. The SNOMED concept also emphasises assessment of the patient's ability to perform the technique itself, which is captured at a coarser level by this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "710831009", "display" : "Assessment of adherence to immunization regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunisation behaviours broadly, sitting within the \"Interventions on health service-related behaviours\" block; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting adherence to an immunization regime rather than immunisation behaviours generally." }] }, { "code" : "396079007", "display" : "Assessment of adverse drug reactions", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (within the \"Interventions on medicaments\" block), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on assessing adverse drug reactions; no more precise ICHI code for adverse reactions exists." }] }, { "code" : "710832002", "display" : "Assessment of aggressive behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aggressive behaviour falls under temperament and personality functions in ICHI's mental functions hierarchy, making ATH.AA.ZZ the closest available code; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers the full domain of temperament and personality rather than aggression specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709264002", "display" : "Assessment of allodynia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Allodynia is a specific pain phenomenon (pain from normally non-painful stimuli), whereas AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain in general. ICHI has no more specific code for allodynia assessment, making the pain assessment code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710841007", "display" : "Assessment of anxiety", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anxiety is a specific emotional state; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly (which includes anxiety, depression, fear, etc.). No ICHI code specific to anxiety assessment exists, so the emotional functions assessment code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709263008", "display" : "Assessment of appetite", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Appetite is classified under energy and drive functions in ICF/ICHI, and ATI.AA.ZZ is the closest available code; however, it encompasses all energy and drive functions (motivation, appetite, impulse control) rather than appetite alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710833007", "display" : "Assessment of attitude toward disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "UD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attitudes, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes in general (an environmental factor in ICHI covering societal and individual attitudes), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a patient's attitude toward their own disease. No more specific ICHI code for attitude toward disease exists, so this is a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "710836004", "display" : "Assessment of attitude toward nutritional status", "target" : [{ "code" : "UD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attitudes, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to attitude toward nutritional status; UD1.AA.ZZ is the best available match covering attitudes in general, making it broader than this more specific SNOMED concept. An alternative candidate (VEA.AA.ZZ — assessment of eating behaviours) was considered but relates to behaviour rather than attitude, making UD1.AA.ZZ the better fit semantically." }] }, { "code" : "709265001", "display" : "Assessment of attitude toward operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "UD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attitudes, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes broadly in the environment chapter (targeting societal/contextual attitudes), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to a patient's attitude toward a surgical operation. ICHI has no code specific to attitudes toward medical procedures or surgery, so this broader \"unspecified\" attitudes assessment is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "710837008", "display" : "Assessment of attitude toward treatment regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "UD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attitudes, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies attitude toward a treatment regime (a patient-specific clinical context), but ICHI only offers assessment of attitudes in an unspecified/general form within the environment chapter. No more granular ICHI code exists for attitudes toward therapeutic regimens." }] }, { "code" : "713128006", "display" : "Assessment of body image", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Body image is a component of the ICF/ICHI construct \"experience of self and time functions\" (AUL), which covers how a person perceives and experiences their own body and self in time. AUL.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses the full domain of self/time experience rather than body image specifically." }] }, { "code" : "733919004", "display" : "Assessment of body movement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of movement functions generally within the musculoskeletal chapter, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on body movement as a physical activity assessment. It is the closest available ICHI category but encompasses all movement function assessments not classified elsewhere, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "840302009", "display" : "Assessment of bronchial blood flow and volume", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bronchial blood flow and volume assessment; the bronchial artery codes cover only interventional procedures, not functional haemodynamic assessment. JT2.AA.ZZ, covering assessment of respiratory system functions not elsewhere classified, is the best available match but is considerably broader than the specific haemodynamic measurement described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710839006", "display" : "Assessment of cardiac status using monitoring device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AB.AH", "display" : "Other nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies assessment of cardiac status using a monitoring device, implying a measurement-based approach; HT2.AB.AH covers nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements not elsewhere classified, which captures device-based cardiac measurement but is broader in scope, also encompassing vascular measurements and multiple measurement types beyond status monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "719892007", "display" : "Assessment of chest drain swinging and bubbling", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for chest drain assessment — the pleural cavity block (JCB) contains only drainage and device management codes with no assessment category. JZZ.AA.ZZ (assessment of respiratory system, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is substantially broader, covering any respiratory system assessment rather than the specific clinical observation of chest drain swinging and bubbling." }] }, { "code" : "1306597004", "display" : "Assessment of osteoporosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AC.BA", "display" : "Bone mineral density studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osteoporosis is assessed primarily through bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, making MRB.AC.BA the closest functional match. However, the ICHI code is broader in that it covers BMD studies for any indication (fracture risk, monitoring, etc.), not specifically osteoporosis assessment." }] }, { "code" : "709497004", "display" : "Assessment of peristomal skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers assessment of skin and subcutaneous tissue generally (not elsewhere classified), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the peristomal region; there is no ICHI code specific to stoma-adjacent skin." }] }, { "code" : "711049001", "display" : "Assessment of physiological status", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Physiological status assessment implies a broad evaluation of body system functions, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader in scope and not limited to physiological parameters specifically." }] }, { "code" : "710345009", "display" : "Assessment of postpartum breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of breastfeeding behaviours in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that is specifically scoped to the postpartum period. The postpartum specificity is not captured in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "719303004", "display" : "Assessment of pregnancy status prior to imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of pregnancy-related functions, but it does not capture the specific clinical context of safety screening before a diagnostic imaging procedure. The \"prior to imaging\" qualifier and safety-screening purpose are lost." }] }, { "code" : "711047004", "display" : "Assessment of preoperative neurological status", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a neurological assessment, but it is broader — ICHI does not represent the preoperative context or the specific timing qualifier that distinguishes this assessment from a general neurological evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "396070006", "display" : "Assessment of provision of Patient Bill of Rights", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of enjoying human rights", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXK.AA.ZZ assesses a person's engagement with human rights broadly, which encompasses the concept of a Patient Bill of Rights as a specific instance of health-related rights provision. ICHI has no code specific to patient rights or patient advocacy rights assessment, so this is the closest match, but it is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "709499001", "display" : "Assessment of psychological response to ostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for assessing psychological or emotional response specifically in the context of an ostomy; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions generally, which is the closest functional category to evaluating a patient's psychological response. The stoma-specific block (PTD) only offers a physical assessment of the stoma itself (PTD.AA.ZZ), not a psychological one, making AUD.AA.ZZ the better conceptual fit albeit broader." }] }, { "code" : "710569007", "display" : "Assessment of psychological response to pain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ sits within the \"Interventions on pain\" block and covers assessment of the pain target broadly, which subsumes but does not specifically isolate the psychological dimension of the pain response. No ICHI code exists for the psychological or affective component of pain assessment in isolation, making this the best available match despite being broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "733863009", "display" : "Assessment of readiness for self-management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self care broadly across all self-care activities, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about readiness (motivational/behavioural readiness) for self-management of a health condition. ICHI does not have a dedicated \"readiness\" assessment concept, making this the closest available code but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "709507008", "display" : "Assessment of readiness for smoking cessation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of tobacco use behaviours generally, sitting within the Interventions on tobacco use behaviours block, which is the most appropriate ICHI home for this concept. The SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing specifically on readiness (motivational stage) for cessation rather than assessment of tobacco use behaviour broadly." }] }, { "code" : "711052009", "display" : "Assessment of response to education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of learning and applying knowledge, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SA1.AA.ZZ captures the functional domain most relevant to evaluating whether a patient has absorbed and can apply knowledge from an educational intervention. The SNOMED concept is narrower in that it specifically evaluates the response/outcome of a health education session, whereas SA1.AA.ZZ more broadly assesses learning and applying knowledge as an activity." }] }, { "code" : "444009006", "display" : "Assessment of rheumatoid arthritis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a disease-specific assessment code for rheumatoid arthritis; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available code within the musculoskeletal system chapter and serves as the NEC residual category for musculoskeletal assessment. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, targeting a named autoimmune condition." }] }, { "code" : "709516007", "display" : "Assessment of sadness", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions as a category within the specific mental functions block, which is the most precise ICHI code for this domain. Sadness is one emotional function among many, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets a single named emotional state." }] }, { "code" : "711045007", "display" : "Assessment of school health service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health services, systems and policies broadly, without restriction to any specific setting such as schools; the SNOMED concept is explicitly scoped to the school health service context, making the ICHI code substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "710559001", "display" : "Assessment of self esteem", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUL (experience of self and time functions) is the closest ICHI mental-functions target and encompasses constructs like self-concept, self-esteem, and body image; however, it is broader than self-esteem alone, covering temporal self-experience and related functions beyond just self-worth." }] }, { "code" : "710558009", "display" : "Assessment of self image", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Self-image (one's perception of oneself) falls within the ICHI domain of \"experience of self and time functions,\" which is the most specific available mental-functions category for self-related constructs; the ICHI code is nevertheless broader, encompassing temporal experience and self-concept more generally." }] }, { "code" : "870422002", "display" : "Assessment of self management of diabetes mellitus", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.AA.ZZ targets assessment of self-care activities broadly without specifying any condition or disease; the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to diabetes mellitus self-management, so the ICHI code is considerably broader, lacking both the disease specificity and the management/behavioural focus implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "1177155004", "display" : "Assessment of side effects of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (target UAC = medicaments), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically focuses on assessing the side effects or adverse effects of medication. No ICHI code narrows to adverse effects / side effect assessment specifically, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "1153455005", "display" : "Assessment of signs and symptoms of infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for assessing signs and symptoms of infection; infection-related codes in ICHI focus on infection control measures rather than clinical sign/symptom assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, under the whole-person block) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any general health assessment rather than infection-specific clinical evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "58341000087107", "display" : "Assessment of signs of fetal distress", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AA.ZZ is the only general assessment code within the fetal/embryonic structure block and is the closest match, but it covers structural assessment broadly rather than specifically targeting signs of fetal distress (a functional/clinical status concept). No ICHI code for fetal wellbeing or fetal distress assessment exists; NMR.AI.AC (internal fetal monitoring) is a means-specific procedural code rather than a clinical assessment concept." }] }, { "code" : "445221009", "display" : "Assessment of sleep pattern", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions broadly (the physiological domain), which is wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on sleep pattern specifically. Sleep pattern is one aspect of sleep functions, but the ICHI code does not distinguish pattern from other sleep function assessments such as duration or quality." }] }, { "code" : "428211000124100", "display" : "Assessment of substance use", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.AA.ZZ is the generic unspecified substance-related assessment code and encompasses all substance types as well as addictive behaviours beyond substance use (e.g. gambling), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses specifically on substance use. It is the best available match given that ICHI has no single \"substance use assessment\" code that excludes non-substance addictions." }] }, { "code" : "711015009", "display" : "Assessment of symptom control", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept corresponding to symptom control assessment as a distinct entity; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ), which covers assessment of the whole person's health status, is the broadest applicable code. It is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns evaluating how well a patient's symptoms are being managed." }] }, { "code" : "711011000", "display" : "Assessment of urinary status", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary functions broadly, which encompasses urinary status but is slightly wider in scope; the code best represents the general clinical concept of assessing a patient's urinary status overall." }] }, { "code" : "718368004", "display" : "Assessment of urostomy irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma (not elsewhere classified under artificial body structures), which encompasses a urostomy but is broader — it does not specify urinary type and makes no reference to the irrigation aspect of the procedure. No ICHI code for urostomy irrigation assessment exists, making PTD.AA.ZZ the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "1231389008", "display" : "Assessment of use of complementary therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for complementary or alternative therapy use assessment; the V-range covers health-related behaviours and VE1 groups lifestyle-related behaviours, making VE1.AA.ZZ the most plausible home for assessing a patient's use of complementary therapies as a lifestyle/health behaviour. The match is wider because VE1.AA.ZZ covers all unspecified lifestyle behaviours, not specifically complementary therapy use." }] }, { "code" : "445536008", "display" : "Assessment using assessment scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code that represents use of a structured rating or assessment scale as a generic technique; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest whole-person clinical assessment code and is the closest analog for an unspecified scale-based assessment, but it does not encode the methodological aspect (use of a standardised scale) and is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "838278005", "display" : "Assessment using eye tracking technology", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Eye tracking technology measures ocular movement and gaze, which are functions of structures adjoining the eye (e.g., extraocular muscles and oculomotor control); BTF.AA.ZZ is the assessment code within the eye-functions block that best encompasses this. The match is wider because BTF.AA.ZZ covers all functions of adjoining eye structures and does not specify the technology or that the clinical purpose is gaze/movement tracking." }] }, { "code" : "445987003", "display" : "Assessment using hand volumeter set", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hand volumeter measures hand/finger volume by water displacement to quantify oedema — this is a measurement of the upper limb, which is the closest ICHI code available. ICHI does not have a code specific to hand volumetry, so PMA.AB.AH (topographic measurement of upper limb) is broader than the SNOMED concept's instrument-specific scope." }] }, { "code" : "445993006", "display" : "Assessment using Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer is the standard instrument for assessing grip strength, which is a specific test of muscle power in the hand. ICHI's MUB.AC.ZZ captures the functional domain (muscle power testing) but is broader, covering any body region and not specifying the hand or the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "866266005", "display" : "Assessment using nomogram", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nomogram is a graphical calculation tool used to derive a predicted probability or clinical value from patient parameters; it is an instrument or method used within a broader clinical assessment. ICHI has no code for nomogram-based assessment nor for predictive scoring tools, so PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest available code and is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1303095006", "display" : "Assistance with application for adult day care program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assisting a patient to apply for an adult day care program is a form of practical support in navigating social support services. ICHI's UEO.RB.ZZ captures this \"practical support about social support services\" action but is broader, as it does not distinguish the specific service type (day care) or that the action is helping with an application." }] }, { "code" : "1254702005", "display" : "Assistance with application for adult learning center", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEQ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about education and training services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assisting a patient to apply for an adult learning center is practical support within the education and training services domain, making UEQ.RB.ZZ a better fit than the general social support code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire education/training services category rather than the specific act of assisting with an application to a learning centre." }] }, { "code" : "1300115005", "display" : "Assistance with application for basic skills training program", "target" : [{ "code" : "STF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in vocational training", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Basic skills training\" aligns most closely with vocational training in the ICHI S-chapter (major life areas / education). ICHI's code is wider because it covers all vocational training engagement, not just the application step for a basic skills program specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1343659002", "display" : "Assistance with application for employment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SUD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with acquiring, keeping and terminating a job", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assisting a person to apply for employment is a concrete instance of practical support with acquiring a job; ICHI is wider because it also covers keeping and terminating a job, not just the application/acquisition step." }] }, { "code" : "661891000124107", "display" : "Assistance with application for English as a second language program", "target" : [{ "code" : "ST2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in education, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ESL program is a form of education; no specific ICHI code exists for language learning programs, so the NEC residual code for practical support with education is the best available match, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1254703000", "display" : "Assistance with application for financial assistance program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SVG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in economic self-sufficiency", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Helping someone access a financial assistance program is practical support aimed at economic self-sufficiency; ICHI is wider as it encompasses the broader goal of economic self-sufficiency rather than the specific act of applying for a financial assistance program." }] }, { "code" : "1343612009", "display" : "Assistance with application for housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "SNC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with acquiring a place to live", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assisting with a housing application is a direct instance of practical support with acquiring a place to live; ICHI is wider because it covers all aspects of acquiring housing, not solely the application process." }] }, { "code" : "1259977006", "display" : "Assistance with application for microenterprise development program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SVG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in economic self-sufficiency", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Microenterprise development is a form of economic self-sufficiency support, and assisting someone to apply for such a program is a type of practical support within that domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all practical support for economic self-sufficiency, not specifically program application or microenterprise development." }] }, { "code" : "1268692004", "display" : "Assistance with application for vocational education program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEQ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about education and training services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assisting with application to a vocational education program is a concrete instance of practical support related to education and training services. The ICHI code is broader, covering all practical support concerning education and training services/systems/policies rather than specifically program application assistance." }] }, { "code" : "1268691006", "display" : "Assistance with application for vocational rehabilitation program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UER.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about labour and employment services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vocational rehabilitation programs aim to return individuals to work/employment, placing program application assistance squarely within labour and employment services. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all practical support regarding labour and employment services rather than specifically vocational rehabilitation program applications." }] }, { "code" : "1254704006", "display" : "Assistance with application for workforce transition program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UER.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about labour and employment services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Workforce transition programs are labour and employment services, and helping someone apply to such a program is practical support within that domain. The ICHI code is broader, covering the full range of practical support concerning labour and employment services rather than specifically workforce transition program applications." }] }, { "code" : "1254701003", "display" : "Assistance with application to substance use disorder treatment program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A substance use disorder treatment program is a health service, and assisting with the application to enter it is practical support in navigating health services. The ICHI code is broader, covering all practical support concerning health services/systems/policies rather than specifically substance use disorder treatment program applications." }] }, { "code" : "12091000202106", "display" : "Assistance with bedtime routine", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with carrying out daily routine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Bedtime routine\" is a specific subset of daily routine; ICHI has no concept for bedtime or pre-sleep routine specifically, so SDG.RB.ZZ (practical support with carrying out daily routine) is the closest available code and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269403001", "display" : "Assistance with completing documentation for legal guardianship", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to guardianship documentation; UEJ.RB.ZZ covers practical support within the legal services domain, which encompasses assistance with completing legal paperwork. The ICHI code is broader, covering all legal services support rather than guardianship documentation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1268728003", "display" : "Assistance with completing documentation to assign power of attorney", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support about legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like guardianship documentation, power of attorney documentation falls within the legal services domain, and UEJ.RB.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for practical support in that domain. No ICHI code exists for this specific legal instrument, so the broader legal services support code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "1343657000", "display" : "Assistance with enrollment in school", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support with the broader activity of engaging in school education, of which enrollment is only one administrative step; there is no ICHI code specifically for enrollment assistance. This is the most specific and appropriate available code within the school education intervention hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "12101000202101", "display" : "Assistance with getting out of bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with transferring oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Getting out of bed\" is a specific transfer activity, while ICHI's \"transferring oneself\" covers all transfers (bed to chair, floor to chair, etc.). SHG.RB.ZZ captures the assistance/practical support nature of the intervention but is broader than the specific bed-exit context." }] }, { "code" : "713138001", "display" : "Assistance with mobility in bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mobility in bed\" (repositioning, rolling, sitting up in bed) is a subset of \"changing body position,\" which also encompasses positional changes outside bed. SHA.RB.ZZ is the closest assignable code but is broader than the in-bed context of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710804006", "display" : "Assistance with walking using device", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.RB.ZZ covers practical assistance with walking broadly, without specifying the use of an assistive device such as a cane, walker, or crutches. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as the SNOMED concept specifically qualifies the walking assistance as device-dependent." }] }, { "code" : "243150007", "display" : "Assisted controlled mandatory ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC covers artificial/mechanical ventilation broadly under the respiratory function block, but does not distinguish between specific modes such as assisted controlled mandatory ventilation (AC/CMV); it is the closest and only assignable ICHI code for this category of intervention." }] }, { "code" : "870391004", "display" : "Assisted ventilation in prone position", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for prone positioning during ventilation; JTB.DE.AC captures the ventilation component but omits the prone positioning aspect entirely, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. A complete representation would require combining JTB.DE.AC with PZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)." }] }, { "code" : "735347009", "display" : "Assisting to stand for pressure area relief", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning to protect skin functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LTC.LD.ZZ captures the clinical purpose of the act — positioning to protect skin/prevent pressure injury — which aligns with the goal of pressure area relief; however it does not specify the standing modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "226010006", "display" : "Assisting with eating and drinking", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMF.RB.ZZ covers practical support with eating, but the SNOMED concept also explicitly includes drinking (SMG.RB.ZZ). No single ICHI code covers both eating and drinking together, so SMF.RB.ZZ is the best primary code but is slightly narrower than the SNOMED term; from the SNOMED perspective the ICHI code can be supplemented with SMG.RB.ZZ for full coverage." }] }, { "code" : "12371000202109", "display" : "Assisting with social interaction", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.RB.ZZ covers practical support for the broad domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships, which encompasses social interaction but is broader than just \"assisting\" in the social interaction sense. The ICHI code is the closest available match under the Activities & Participation (S) section for this type of hands-on facilitation of social engagement." }] }, { "code" : "370876003", "display" : "Assistive device provision management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SM.ZZ covers the management of products and technology (the ICHI umbrella for assistive devices and related items), which aligns with the \"management\" dimension of the SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it encompasses all products and technology rather than specifically assistive devices, and does not explicitly encode \"provision.\"" }] }, { "code" : "723069003", "display" : "Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial hepatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for ALPPS (a two-stage procedure combining hepatic parenchymal partition with portal vein ligation); the closest single code is KCA.JJ.AA (partial hepatectomy, open), which captures the hepatic resection component but omits the portal vein ligation and the staged nature of the procedure. A complete representation would require combining KCA.JJ.AA with IEF.LA.AA (occlusion of portal vein and branches)." }] }, { "code" : "225188000", "display" : "Attaching stoma bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers management of a stoma broadly, which encompasses attaching/changing a stoma appliance as one component, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the bag-attachment action specifically and includes all other stoma management activities." }] }, { "code" : "88109000", "display" : "Attachment of rectus eye muscle to frontalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.LC.AA covers fixation (attachment) of ocular muscles in general, which semantically encompasses attaching the rectus muscle to the frontalis for ptosis correction; however, it does not specify the frontalis as the anchoring point or the anti-ptosis intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265220000", "display" : "Attention to component of connection from ventricle of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept refers specifically to attention to a component of a ventriculoperitoneal or similar CSF shunt system; AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device within the cerebral ventricles, which is broader than the specific shunt component context implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "302436000", "display" : "Attention to dressing of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DK.AH covers application of a wound dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue and is the best ICHI match for changing or attending to a skin dressing; however, it is broader because it encompasses the initial dressing application as well as renewal, and the \"not elsewhere classified\" residual character means it captures all unspecified skin sites." }] }, { "code" : "290036002", "display" : "Attention to hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to hearing aid\" (checking, adjusting, repairing an external hearing aid) maps most closely to management of assistive communication technology in the UAF environment block. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any communication product/technology, not specifically hearing aids." }] }, { "code" : "428619000", "display" : "Attention to hearing implant in external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for management of a hearing implant in the external ear — the external ear block (CAA) contains no SM/management code for an implanted device. The nearest reasonable option is UAF.SM.ZZ (management of communication assistive technology), which is substantially broader and does not capture the anatomical specificity (external ear) of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173984004", "display" : "Attention to ileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to ileostomy\" encompasses monitoring, changing the appliance, managing the stoma site, and minor interventions — a broader set of activities than KBK.KA.AC, which specifically covers replacement of the tube or enterostomy device. No single ICHI code captures the full scope of routine ileostomy care/attention, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "230945001", "display" : "Attention to intracranial pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers management of internal devices situated in the ventricles of the brain, which is the closest available ICHI category to attending to an intracranial pressure catheter. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any internal ventricular device, not specifically an ICP catheter, and ICP catheters may also be placed at non-ventricular intracranial sites (parenchymal, subdural)." }] }, { "code" : "230942003", "display" : "Attention to intracranial pressure transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the ICP catheter, AAE.SN.AA is the best available ICHI match for attending to an intracranial pressure transducer; the code is broader because it covers all internal ventricular devices and does not distinguish a transducer specifically, nor does it account for non-ventricular transducer placements." }] }, { "code" : "302353008", "display" : "Attention to jejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (an artificial intestinal opening), which directly encompasses jejunostomy care as a subtype. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any enterostomy (duodenostomy, ileostomy context within small bowel), not exclusively a jejunostomy." }] }, { "code" : "225232000", "display" : "Attention to peritoneal drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.SN.AH covers management of any internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of attending to a peritoneal drain. A drain is one type of internal device, so the ICHI code is wider, but it is the closest available specific anatomical match in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "175330009", "display" : "Attention to prosthesis of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no aorta-specific \"management of device/prosthesis\" code; IZE.SN.AF is the closest available code covering management of vascular devices not elsewhere classified, which encompasses an aortic prosthesis (graft or stent-graft) as a vascular device. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any vascular device, not specifically to the aorta." }] }, { "code" : "235276001", "display" : "Attention to prosthesis within duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.KA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic replacement of duodenal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to prosthesis\" encompasses any management activity (inspection, adjustment, cleaning, replacement) of an existing duodenal prosthesis, whereas the ICHI code specifies only endoscopic replacement — making the SNOMED concept broader than this ICHI code. No dedicated \"management of duodenal device\" code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available option." }] }, { "code" : "235353001", "display" : "Attention to prosthesis within large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.KA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic replacement of colonic device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to prosthesis\" is broader than \"replacement\" — it covers any management of the prosthesis in situ, not just replacement — so the SNOMED concept is wider than this ICHI code. No dedicated \"management of colonic device\" code was found; KBP.KA.AD is the closest available match for the large intestine." }] }, { "code" : "235311002", "display" : "Attention to prosthesis within small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any form of attention to an existing small-intestinal prosthesis, while the ICHI code specifies only replacement of a tube or enterostomy device — a narrower and somewhat different device type. This is the closest code available in the small intestine block, but the SNOMED concept is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "235243000", "display" : "Attention to prosthesis within stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of gastric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to prosthesis\" is broader than \"replacement of gastric device,\" as it includes inspection, adjustment, or other management without necessarily replacing the device. KBF.KA.AC is the closest code in the stomach block but covers only the replacement aspect of prosthesis management." }] }, { "code" : "177603009", "display" : "Attention to skin expander in subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SN.AE explicitly covers management of an internal device within skin and subcutaneous tissue, which directly corresponds to attending to a tissue expander at that anatomical site. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any internal device in this tissue type, not specifically a tissue expander." }] }, { "code" : "450333007", "display" : "Attention to ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an internal device placed in the cerebral ventricles, so management/attention to it aligns with this code. However, ICHI does not capture the peritoneal destination of the shunt, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450334001", "display" : "Attention to ventriculopleural shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the ventriculoperitoneal variant, ICHI captures only the ventricular device management component and has no code that distinguishes a pleural from a peritoneal shunt destination, so the match is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443085007", "display" : "Augmentation of soft tissue of face using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The face is within the head/neck region and the procedure is an augmentation of subcutaneous tissue, making this a reasonable match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the implant material (ePTFE), the exact facial subsite, or confine the target to soft tissue exclusively." }] }, { "code" : "38430001", "display" : "Autologous graft of ear cartilage to nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Grafting ear cartilage to the nose is a form of nasal reconstruction, so this code captures the target site and operative intent. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the autologous nature of the graft, the cartilaginous graft material, or its auricular donor origin." }] }, { "code" : "108259003", "display" : "Autopsy pathology procedure AND/OR service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.AE.AA (Autopsy) is the only ICHI code for this procedure and maps directly to the core concept, but the SNOMED term specifically encompasses both pathology procedure and service components (AND/OR service), making the ICHI code broader in that it does not distinguish or encompass the service-delivery dimension." }] }, { "code" : "85896002", "display" : "Avulsion of greater occipital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Avulsion (traumatic or surgical tearing away) of a nerve is captured in ICHI under excision of peripheral nerve, which is the closest procedural category; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any peripheral nerve and any excision technique, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the greater occipital nerve (C2 dorsal ramus) and specifically the avulsion technique. There is no specific occipital nerve excision code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "66827002", "display" : "Avulsion of obturator nerve, extrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that combines nerve avulsion with concomitant adductor tenotomy, nor a specific obturator nerve excision code; ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) captures the primary nerve component of this procedure, but is wider as it omits the obturator nerve specificity, the extrapelvic approach qualifier, and the associated adductor tenotomy component." }] }, { "code" : "76165007", "display" : "Avulsion of obturator nerve, intrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 66827002 — ICHI has no specific obturator nerve code nor a combined nerve avulsion plus tenotomy code; ACA.JK.AA is the best available match for the primary nerve procedure, but it is wider as it does not capture the obturator nerve specificity, the intrapelvic approach, or the associated adductor tenotomy." }] }, { "code" : "59416008", "display" : "Avulsion of phrenic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the phrenic nerve (a named peripheral nerve) nor for avulsion as a distinct action — avulsion is a form of forcible excision/tearing away of a nerve. ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) is the closest procedural match, but it is broader as it does not specify the phrenic nerve or the avulsion technique." }] }, { "code" : "233044001", "display" : "Balloon atrial septostomy by pull-back", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.LG.AF captures the core procedure — percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the interatrial communication (septostomy) — but does not encode the specific balloon pull-back (Rashkind) technique, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386784009", "display" : "Balloon dilation of achalasia of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies balloon dilation performed specifically for achalasia (a functional lower oesophageal sphincter disorder), whereas KBA.LG.AD covers any endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus regardless of indication or technique; ICHI does not capture the achalasia indication or the balloon-specific approach, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "235264001", "display" : "Balloon dilation of duodenal stricture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the duodenum broadly without specifying that the target is a stricture or that the technique is balloon-based, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept; however it is the closest available match as it captures the same target organ and procedural action via the endoscopic route." }] }, { "code" : "361233000", "display" : "Barrier nursing", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Barrier nursing is a specific nursing practice involving physical barriers (gowns, gloves, masks) to prevent pathogen transmission, which is a subset of isolating a person for infection control; PZB.VE.ZZ is conceptually broader as it encompasses any form of person-level isolation for infection control purposes, not exclusively the bedside barrier-nursing approach." }] }, { "code" : "762449006", "display" : "Behavioral counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Behavioural counselling targets behaviour change broadly across any domain; VFZ.PP.ZZ (counselling about other specified health-related behaviours) is the most generic counselling-for-behaviour code available in ICHI and is semantically wider because the VFZ target axis explicitly scopes it to \"other specified\" health-related behaviours rather than all behaviours, yet no narrower unspecified-behaviour counselling code exists that better matches this concept." }] }, { "code" : "384647004", "display" : "Bile duct stone removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JE.AA directly represents extraction of a calculus (stone) from the bile duct, which is semantically equivalent to bile duct stone removal; it is coded as \"wider\" because ICHI also has more specific approach-coded variants (KCM.JE.AB laparoscopic, KCM.JE.AD via ERCP, KCM.JE.AF percutaneous) and the unqualified open code is broader than the SNOMED concept which does not specify approach." }] }, { "code" : "1222890004", "display" : "Biliary drainage using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JB.AF (percutaneous drainage of bile duct) is the closest structural match — imaging guidance is the standard technique for percutaneous biliary drainage and the two concepts largely overlap, but ICHI encodes the approach (percutaneous, means axis AF) rather than explicitly naming the imaging modality, so the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it does not mandate imaging guidance as a named component." }] }, { "code" : "119934002", "display" : "Biliary tract manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCM", "display" : "Interventions on bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no single ICHI category code for generic \"biliary tract manipulation\"; the block BlockL5-KCM (Interventions on bile duct) is the appropriate grouping covering the full range of bile duct interventions. The SNOMED concept is a broad, non-specific manipulation term, and no individual leaf code captures this without being more specific than the SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "269858003", "display" : "Biochemical evaluation of blood urea/renal function", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for blood urea or renal function biochemical testing; ETB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general metabolic functions) is the closest conceptual match, as urea is a metabolic waste product and blood urea measurement is a general metabolic assessment. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all metabolic function assessment, not just renal/urea-specific evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "1217005008", "display" : "Bioprosthetic transcatheter aortic valve implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDE.DN.AE is the best available ICHI code for transcatheter aortic valve replacement via a percutaneous approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the prosthesis type (bioprosthetic vs mechanical), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to bioprosthetic valves specifically." }] }, { "code" : "62107003", "display" : "Bisection of stapes footplate with incus replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBF.ML.AC (reconstruction of the ossicular chain, via conventional approach) captures the reconstructive/replacement component of the SNOMED procedure, but it encompasses any ossicular chain reconstruction and does not specifically encode the stapes footplate bisection nor the incus replacement as distinct steps. No narrower ICHI code exists for this combined stapedotomy-plus-incus-prosthesis procedure." }] }, { "code" : "396550006", "display" : "Blood test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers the blood specimen collection step that is central to any blood test, but \"blood test\" as a SNOMED concept encompasses the full analytical process (collection plus laboratory analysis), whereas ICHI represents only the collection act, making the ICHI code broader in one dimension but narrower in another — on balance, ICHI is wider as it does not encode the analytical intent." }] }, { "code" : "275294003", "display" : "Blood volume estimation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Blood volume estimation is a specific quantitative measurement of circulating blood volume, while DTA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of haematological system functions broadly; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses many haematological assessments beyond blood volume measurement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410275006", "display" : "Bonding education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEJ.PP.ZZ covers counselling directed at parenting behaviours broadly, which encompasses parent-infant bonding as one of its targets; the SNOMED concept is more specific (bonding only, and combines education plus guidance plus counselling), so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119965006", "display" : "Bone marrow incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DGA", "display" : "Interventions on bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific incision (FA action) code under the bone marrow target (DGA); the parent block \"Interventions on bone marrow\" is the closest assignable grouping. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies incision as the operative action." }] }, { "code" : "225361002", "display" : "Bowel care", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other interventions on defaecation function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Bowel care\" is a broad nursing/rehabilitative concept covering management of defaecation function; ICHI's KTK block (Defaecation functions) under the digestive system interventions is the closest structural home, but the residual category KTK.ZZ.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept, which may encompass physical, pharmacological, or behavioural bowel management. No specific \"bowel care\" or \"bowel management\" code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "410276007", "display" : "Bowel care education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTK.PM.ZZ covers education specifically about defaecation functions, which aligns well with the educational component of this SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED term bundles education, guidance, and counselling together, while ICHI separates these into distinct codes (KTK.PM.ZZ for education, KTK.PN.ZZ for advising), so the single ICHI code is wider in that it omits the counselling/guidance dimension — KTK.PM.ZZ is nonetheless the best single match given its specificity to defaecation." }] }, { "code" : "58705005", "display" : "Bracht maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bracht maneuver is a specific obstetric technique used to assist vaginal breech delivery by rotating and lifting the fetus; ICHI has no specific code for this maneuver or for assisted breech delivery, and the closest available code is the general vaginal delivery category NME.JF.AC, which is considerably broader. No assisted/operative vaginal delivery or fetal manipulation at delivery code exists in ICHI beyond general fetal rotation (NMR.LD.AC, which refers to antepartum version rather than intrapartum maneuvers)." }] }, { "code" : "108115001", "display" : "Brain manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AAA", "display" : "Interventions on brain or cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable category code for a generic \"manipulation of brain\" — the manipulation action (PA) in ICHI is limited to joint and intestinal contexts. The block BlockL4-AAA is the closest structural container, but covers all brain interventions, making it considerably broader than the specific concept of manual handling of brain tissue during surgery." }] }, { "code" : "392089008", "display" : "Breast procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LCA", "display" : "Interventions on breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Breast procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper covering all interventions on the breast, which maps naturally to the ICHI organisational block BlockL4-LCA \"Interventions on breast.\" The ICHI block is broader than any single assignable category and serves as the appropriate structural equivalent for this non-specific grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "164790002", "display" : "Breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Breath test\" in clinical practice typically refers to specific diagnostic tests (e.g., urea breath test for H. pylori, hydrogen breath test for malabsorption) that are not individually represented in ICHI; JTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of respiration function broadly, which is the closest available code but encompasses a wider range of tests than the SNOMED concept intends." }] }, { "code" : "26932001", "display" : "Bridge repair by report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental bridge repair (restoring a fixed partial denture) falls within restorative dentistry on teeth; ICHI has no specific code for bridge (fixed partial denture) repair, so KAE.MK.AC is the best available match, though it is broader as it covers all tooth restoration procedures, not just bridge repair." }] }, { "code" : "232598003", "display" : "Bronchoscopic destruction of lesion - laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of bronchial lesion, which matches the bronchoscopic route and destructive action, but does not specify the laser means. The ICHI code is therefore broader, subsuming all endoscopic destruction modalities including laser." }] }, { "code" : "310469000", "display" : "Bronchoscopic gluing of fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.MK.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic repair of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for bronchoscopic fistula closure specifically; JBB.MK.AD is the closest structural match, covering endoscopic bronchial repair broadly, of which gluing a bronchial fistula is one technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to fistula closure or the glue/sealant means." }] }, { "code" : "1222634007", "display" : "Bronchoscopy with biopsy of bronchus using electromagnetic navigation guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AD.AD captures the core procedure — endoscopic (bronchoscopic) biopsy of the bronchus — but does not encode the electromagnetic navigation guidance that distinguishes this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader, applying to all endoscopic bronchial biopsies regardless of navigation technique." }] }, { "code" : "128326008", "display" : "Bronchoscopy with surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Bronchoscopy with surgical procedure\" is a SNOMED grouper for bronchoscopies that include a surgical component; JBB.AE.AD is the most appropriate ICHI code as a broad diagnostic/procedural bronchoscopy code, though it does not capture the surgical qualifier — making it wider relative to a fully unspecified surgical bronchoscopy grouper." }] }, { "code" : "343977001", "display" : "Bundle of His pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bundle of His pacing is a specific physiological pacing technique targeting the His bundle within the cardiac conduction system, whereas this ICHI code covers any permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation without specifying the pacing site. No ICHI code captures the His bundle target specifically." }] }, { "code" : "717278002", "display" : "Burn care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LZZ", "display" : "Interventions on integumentary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Burn care management is a multi-component clinical activity encompassing dressing, debridement, skin grafting, infection control, and rehabilitation of the integumentary system after thermal injury; no single ICHI category code captures this composite concept, so the block representing unclassified integumentary interventions is the closest available representation." }] }, { "code" : "236983009", "display" : "Burns Marshall maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Burns Marshall maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering the aftercoming head in a breech birth by swinging the infant in an arc, and is a component step within vaginal delivery; ICHI has no code specific to individual breech-delivery maneuvers, making vaginal delivery the closest enclosing procedural concept, though considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "241339008", "display" : "C14 PABA test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C14 PABA test assesses pancreatic exocrine secretory function via measurement of PABA in urine after oral substrate ingestion, making it a functional test of the digestive system; ICHI has no pancreas-specific functional test code, so this residual category is the best available fit, though considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "785905003", "display" : "Cannula cricothyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cricothyroidotomy (surgical opening through the cricothyroid membrane); the most appropriate anatomical match is JAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx), since the cricothyroid membrane is part of the laryngeal structure. This code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a cannula technique through a precise anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "233547003", "display" : "Cannulation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for cannulation of an arteriovenous dialysis fistula; IZD.DL.AA is the best available match, capturing the act of inserting a cannula/device into venous structure. It is wider because it does not specify the dialysis fistula context, the arteriovenous nature of the access, or that the target is a surgically created fistula." }] }, { "code" : "233548008", "display" : "Cannulation of arteriovenous interposition graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cannulation of an arteriovenous interposition graft; the closest code is \"Management of arteriovenous shunt,\" which sits in the non-elsewhere-classified artery interventions block and covers AV access management more broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses a range of AV shunt management activities, not just cannulation of an interposition graft specifically." }] }, { "code" : "40688006", "display" : "Cannulation of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of nasoduodenal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no explicit \"cannulation of duodenum\" code, but \"Insertion of nasoduodenal tube\" is the closest concept in the duodenum interventions block — both involve introducing a tube/cannula into the duodenum. The ICHI code is wider because it specifically denotes the nasoduodenal route, whereas the SNOMED concept is more general." }] }, { "code" : "233550000", "display" : "Cannulation of subcutaneous reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "SN", "display" : "Management of internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for accessing (cannulating) a subcutaneous reservoir (e.g., Ommaya or implanted drug-delivery port). The closest conceptual match is the generic action axis code \"Management of internal device\" (SN), which broadly covers interactions with implanted devices, but is far broader than the specific act of inserting a needle into a subcutaneous reservoir." }] }, { "code" : "397740001", "display" : "Cannulation of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a distinct \"cannulation of trachea\" code; the nearest code is JBA.DL.AC, which captures the most common form of tracheal cannulation. However, this ICHI code is restricted to endotracheal tube placement and does not cover other forms of tracheal cannulation (e.g., tracheostomy cannulas or percutaneous tracheal access)." }] }, { "code" : "78415004", "display" : "Capsular contracture release for Erb's palsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of joint capsule or cartilage of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.FB.AA captures the surgical division (release) of the shoulder joint capsule, which is the core operative procedure in a capsular contracture release for Erb's palsy; however, it does not encode the Erb's palsy aetiology or the broader soft-tissue context (muscles, ligaments), making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "435581000124102", "display" : "Carbohydrate modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ represents any intervention that modifies food/diet content, which encompasses carbohydrate modification, but it is entirely non-specific as to which macronutrient or nutrient is being modified; the ICHI code therefore covers a much broader set of dietary interventions than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "40109000", "display" : "Carbon dioxide laser photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photocoagulation is a destruction modality most commonly applied to the retina, and BCC.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for retinal tissue destruction; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser means (CO2 vs. argon vs. diode) nor is it restricted to photocoagulation only — and CO2 laser photocoagulation can also target non-retinal tissues." }] }, { "code" : "410278008", "display" : "Cardiac care education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines three distinct activities — education, guidance, and counseling — for cardiac care, whereas the ICHI code covers only counselling for cardiovascular system functions. ICHI has separate codes for education (HT2.PM.ZZ) and advising (HT2.PN.ZZ), so no single ICHI code captures all three." }] }, { "code" : "308118002", "display" : "Cardiac failure therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HT2", "display" : "Interventions on functions of heart or cardiovascular system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardiac failure therapy\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any treatment directed at heart failure, and ICHI has no assignable category code for this; the block BlockL4-HT2 is the most appropriate organizational grouping that encompasses therapeutic interventions on heart functions." }] }, { "code" : "5930003", "display" : "Cardiac monitor removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of cardiac circuitry device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"removal of cardiac circuitry device\" covers implantable cardiac electronic devices broadly, which encompasses implantable cardiac monitors; however, the SNOMED concept of cardiac monitor removal may also include external monitors, making this the best available match. No dedicated ICHI code exists specifically for cardiac monitor removal as a standalone procedure." }] }, { "code" : "870255009", "display" : "Cardiac resynchronization therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CRT is a specialised form of biventricular pacing device implantation (CRT-P or CRT-D), delivered percutaneously via endocardial leads; ICHI captures the device class (pacemaker/defibrillator) and approach but does not distinguish CRT from single- or dual-chamber devices, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "718348005", "display" : "Cardiovascular care", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardiovascular care\" is a broad SNOMED grouper concept encompassing all health interventions on the cardiovascular system. IZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the highest-level unspecified residual code for the entire circulatory system chapter in ICHI, making it wider than the SNOMED concept rather than equivalent, since ICHI lacks a dedicated \"care\" administrative grouper at this level." }] }, { "code" : "107837009", "display" : "Cardiovascular system excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering any excision of any cardiovascular structure (heart, vessels, valves, etc.), while IZE.JJ.AA covers only excision of blood vessels not elsewhere classified, making the ICHI code narrower in scope. No single ICHI category spans excision across the entire cardiovascular system; IZE.JJ.AA is the best residual vascular excision code available, but the SNOMED concept is wider, encompassing cardiac excisions (HAA.JJ.AA, HBA.JJ.AA, etc.) as well." }] }, { "code" : "107836000", "display" : "Cardiovascular system incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a system-wide grouper for all cardiovascular incisions (heart, aorta, coronary arteries, veins, etc.), whereas IZE.FA.AA captures only incisions of unspecified blood vessels. The SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing cardiac incisions such as HZZ.FA.AA (cardiotomy) and specific vessel incisions across the circulatory system; no single ICHI code spans all of these." }] }, { "code" : "119761008", "display" : "Cardiovascular system repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED grouper covers any repair of any cardiovascular structure — heart, valves, septa, aorta, vessels — while IZE.MK.AA is limited to repair of unspecified blood vessels not elsewhere classified. Cardiac repairs (e.g. HZZ.MK.AA \"Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified\", HDE.MK.AA \"Repair of aortic valve\") are separate ICHI codes, so the SNOMED concept is wider than any single assignable ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "449107008", "display" : "Care of central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance/care of intravenous access broadly (venous, NEC), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a central venous catheter; the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the central venous route, but it is the closest available code in the vascular system's \"maintenance\" axis. IZE.SN.AF (Management of vascular device, NEC) was also considered but IZD.SN.AF more precisely captures the intravenous/catheter-care context." }] }, { "code" : "225356004", "display" : "Care of equipment and devices", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of all products and technology (including health-related equipment and devices) at a broad environmental/assistive-technology level, which is the closest structural match in ICHI; the SNOMED concept of \"care of equipment and devices\" in a clinical/nursing context is broader than any single ICHI code, and UA1.SM.ZZ is itself an unspecified catch-all rather than a precise match." }] }, { "code" : "737944006", "display" : "Care of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC (management of internal device for urinary bladder) broadly covers ongoing catheter management including maintenance, monitoring, and troubleshooting of an indwelling urinary catheter, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of ongoing catheter care; however, the ICHI code encompasses any internal bladder device, not solely a catheter, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225297008", "display" : "Care planning and problem solving actions", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Individualised planning\" within the whole-person interventions block (PZB) covers the care planning dimension of this SNOMED concept well, but ICHI's code does not capture the problem-solving actions component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code combines planning and problem-solving; PZB.TB.ZZ is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "392091000", "display" : "Care regimes assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"General health assessment\" is the broadest whole-person assessment code in ICHI and is the best available match for assessing an established care regime; it is wider because it covers any type of general health assessment rather than being specific to evaluating care regimes." }] }, { "code" : "67784006", "display" : "Caries susceptibility test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for a caries susceptibility or caries risk test; the closest available code is the general \"Dental examination\" (KAE.AE.AC), which is broader than a targeted susceptibility test for dental caries." }] }, { "code" : "23650000", "display" : "Cast post and core in addition to bridge retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cast post and core build-up in addition to a bridge retainer is a specific dental restorative technique, while ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) covers all restorative procedures on teeth without distinguishing post-and-core methods or prosthetic superstructure type, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "8425006", "display" : "Cast post and core in addition to crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cast post and core in addition to a crown is a specific sub-type of tooth restoration involving endodontic post placement and a coronal build-up prior to crown placement; ICHI \"Restoration of tooth\" subsumes this but does not distinguish the post-and-core technique or crown superstructure, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "50022003", "display" : "Cast post as part of bridge retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placing a cast post as part of a bridge retainer is a specific endodontic/restorative procedure providing anchorage for a fixed partial denture; ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) is the broadest applicable category but encompasses all restorative approaches without this level of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "385468004", "display" : "Cataract extraction and implantation of intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single combined code for cataract extraction with IOL implantation; BBF.JK.AA covers the extraction component (the primary operative step), while the IOL insertion (BBF.ML.AA) is a separate code. The SNOMED concept is more specific (combined procedure) than any single ICHI code, so the best available ICHI code is broader — the extraction step alone does not capture the full SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "473229000", "display" : "Catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic focus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering percutaneous catheter-based ablation of the cardiac conduction system; however, SNOMED specifies ablation of an arrhythmogenic focus (a discrete ectopic source), which is narrower and more specific than the general \"conduction system\" scope in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "128952006", "display" : "Catheterization of both left and right heart with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AB.AF", "display" : "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AB.AF precisely covers combined right and left heart catheterisation, matching the bilateral aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies \"with graft\" (i.e., catheterisation performed in the context of a bypass graft), which is not captured in the ICHI code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "4670000", "display" : "Catheterization of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBB", "display" : "Interventions on bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"insertion of catheter into bronchus\" code — the bronchus intervention block covers the range of bronchial procedures but is a broader organisational grouping. No assignable category in ICHI directly represents bronchial catheterization." }] }, { "code" : "9193007", "display" : "Catheterization of pancreatic cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Catheterization of a pancreatic cyst is specifically the placement of a drainage catheter into a cyst, while KCO.JB.AE covers any percutaneous drainage of the pancreas broadly (not limited to cysts); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best available match for the percutaneous approach to fluid removal from the pancreas." }] }, { "code" : "54080001", "display" : "Cauterization of broad ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The broad ligament is a supporting structure of the uterus, so destruction of it falls within NME.GA.AA (Destruction of uterus and supporting structures); however, the ICHI code encompasses the full uterus and all supporting structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the broad ligament." }] }, { "code" : "83416007", "display" : "Cauterization of round ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The round ligament is one of the uterine supporting structures, so this procedure is captured under NME.GA.AA; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all uterine supporting structures rather than the specifically named round ligament." }] }, { "code" : "224316005", "display" : "Cauterization of uterosacral ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uterosacral ligament is a uterine supporting structure, making NME.GA.AA the closest available ICHI code; as with the other uterine ligament concepts, the ICHI code is broader because it covers the uterus and all its supporting structures collectively rather than the uterosacral ligament in isolation." }] }, { "code" : "1197222007", "display" : "Cauterization of wart of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vaginal wart is a specific type of vaginal lesion, and cauterization is a means of destruction, so NMH.GA.AC (Destruction of lesion of vagina) is the best ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any destructive intervention on any vaginal lesion by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies wart (condyloma) as the lesion type and cauterization as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "175793006", "display" : "Caval-mesenteric vein anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a caval-mesenteric anastomosis; the portal vein block (IEF) covers portal vein interventions but not a direct caval-to-mesenteric anastomosis, and the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED) has no anastomosis code. IZD.LB.AA is the best available code but is broader, encompassing any venous anastomosis regardless of which specific veins are joined." }] }, { "code" : "232652005", "display" : "Cavernostomizing of bulla of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cavernostomizing of a pulmonary bulla involves surgically opening and marsupialization of the bulla cavity, which is most closely captured by incision of lung (JBF.FA.AA); no dedicated bulla or cavernostomy code exists in ICHI's lung parenchyma block. JBF.FA.AA is broader because it covers any incision of lung tissue, not specifically the opening/unroofing of a bulla." }] }, { "code" : "234736000", "display" : "Cavity preparation of tooth - plastic restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cavity preparation for a plastic (composite/amalgam) restoration is a key preparatory step that is an integral part of the restoration procedure; ICHI's KAE.MK.AC \"Restoration of tooth\" is the best match as it encompasses the full restorative intervention including cavity preparation, but it is broader because it covers all tooth restoration types and does not distinguish the preparatory drilling phase specifically." }] }, { "code" : "234700003", "display" : "Cavity preparation of tooth - pulpal access", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cavity preparation for pulpal access is the initial step in gaining entry to the root canal system and is an integral precursor to root canal therapy; KAE.ML.AC \"Root canal therapy\" is the closest ICHI code encompassing this preparatory procedure, but it is broader as it represents the complete endodontic treatment rather than the cavity preparation step alone." }] }, { "code" : "180893006", "display" : "Celiac plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The celiac plexus is an autonomic (sympathetic) nerve plexus, and ICHI has no specific code for celiac plexus block — the sympathetic nerve block codes (ADB–ADE series) only cover cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels. ACA.DC.AE (injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve) is the closest available category, but it is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve rather than the celiac/coeliac plexus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "231394002", "display" : "Celiac plexus chemical ablation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemical neurolysis/ablation of the celiac plexus has no dedicated ICHI code; ICHI has no sympathetic plexus destruction category distinct from peripheral nerve destruction. ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destructive intent, but is broader since it applies to any peripheral nerve, not the celiac plexus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "46681009", "display" : "Cerclage of cervix during pregnancy by abdominal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LL.AA", "display" : "Transabdominal cerclage of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.LL.AA precisely matches the abdominal approach cerclage of the cervix; it does not restrict to the obstetric (during-pregnancy) context, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies performance during pregnancy." }] }, { "code" : "1254694008", "display" : "Cerebellar function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to cerebellar function testing; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the residual neurological assessment category under the nervous system block and is the best available code, though it is substantially broader than a cerebellar-specific function test." }] }, { "code" : "231061006", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid collection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AH.XE covers specimen collection from the spinal canal, which is the predominant route for CSF collection (lumbar/cervical/cisternal), but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the entire spinal canal rather than specifying CSF as the specimen type, and does not capture collection from ventricular or cisternal routes." }] }, { "code" : "708967005", "display" : "Cervical cerclage of internal os during pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LL.AC", "display" : "Cerclage of internal cervical os", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.LL.AC precisely captures cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is the procedure performed, but the ICHI code does not specify the pregnancy context — it is therefore slightly broader in scope than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to the pregnant patient setting." }] }, { "code" : "236967009", "display" : "Cervical ripening with ethinyl estradiol", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated cervical ripening code, nor any pharmacological/drug-administration category under the cervix block. Dilatation of cervical canal (NMF.LG.AC) is the closest structural intervention, but it is broader — it does not capture the pharmacological mechanism (ethinyl estradiol) or the preparatory/pre-labour intent of cervical ripening." }] }, { "code" : "236966000", "display" : "Cervical ripening with Prostaglandin E2", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.SH.AC", "display" : "Medical induction of labour, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cervical ripening with PGE2 is functionally a pharmacological pre-labour intervention administered per vagina; the nearest ICHI code is medical induction of labour per orifice, which covers intravaginal/intracervical drug-based induction. This is wider because it encompasses all medical induction agents and does not distinguish cervical ripening as a preparatory phase distinct from active induction." }] }, { "code" : "236968004", "display" : "Cervical ripening with relaxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with ethinyl estradiol, ICHI has no pharmacological cervical ripening category; relaxin is a peptide hormone used to soften the cervix prior to labour, and NMF.LG.AC is the nearest mechanical/functional equivalent under the cervix block, though it omits the pharmacological means and preparatory context entirely." }] }, { "code" : "308417000", "display" : "Cervical smear recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"cervical smear recall\" is an administrative or public health action to invite a patient to attend for a repeat or overdue Pap smear — it is not the smear procedure itself. ICHI NMF.AH.XH represents the clinical smear procedure, which is broader than the administrative recall activity; no ICHI code for screening recall or patient notification exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "238514005", "display" : "Chalazion removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chalazion is a localised meibomian gland lesion of the eyelid, and its surgical removal is a local excision of an eyelid lesion, which is exactly what BAA.JI.AA describes. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses excision of any eyelid lesion, not specifically a chalazion (meibomian cyst)." }] }, { "code" : "179227005", "display" : "Change of external fixator pin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An external fixator pin is a component of an external immobilisation device; changing/replacing a pin is captured under the ICHI \"replacement\" action applied to an external immobilisation device. The ICHI code is wider because it covers replacement of the entire device or any of its components at any site, not specifically a single pin exchange." }] }, { "code" : "302618007", "display" : "Change of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Changing a splint is replacing an external immobilisation device; PZX.KB.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering replacement of an external immobilisation device at an unspecified site. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not distinguish between cast, splint, or other immobilisation device subtypes in this residual code." }] }, { "code" : "225965002", "display" : "Changing bed linen", "target" : [{ "code" : "SOD.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of doing housework", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Changing bed linen is a specific household/domestic task typically performed as part of nursing or carer assistance; the closest ICHI code is SOD.RA.ZZ, which captures the act of carrying out domestic/housework activities on behalf of a person. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all housework tasks, not specifically bed linen changes." }] }, { "code" : "225719006", "display" : "Changing endotracheal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of tracheal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Replacement of tracheal device\" encompasses the act of changing an endotracheal tube, but the ICHI code covers any tracheal device (stents, tubes), not exclusively endotracheal tubes. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225180007", "display" : "Changing stoma appliance pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Changing a stoma appliance pouch is a routine stoma management activity; ICHI has no dedicated code for pouch replacement specifically, so \"Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified\" is the broadest applicable code that subsumes this activity." }] }, { "code" : "225181006", "display" : "Changing stoma appliance seal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Changing a stoma appliance seal (the adhesive wafer/flange) is a distinct but closely related stoma maintenance task; ICHI's residual \"Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified\" is the only available code and is broader than this specific component-level intervention." }] }, { "code" : "122279008", "display" : "Charcot-Leyden crystals identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Charcot-Leyden crystal identification is performed via microscopic examination of specimens (sputum, stool, tissue), and XG69Q0 \"Microscopy\" is the closest ICHI extension code capturing the laboratory technique. ICHI has no specific code for crystal identification or eosinophil-derived crystal detection, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "9061001", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AH is the closest ICHI match for a general pacemaker check, but it also covers cardioverter defibrillators, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to pacemakers. The ICHI code does not distinguish device type." }] }, { "code" : "66718009", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker by slew rate check", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only a generic pacemaker/defibrillator function check with no code for the specific parameter of slew rate; HFC.SN.AH is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific sub-type of check." }] }, { "code" : "33284002", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker for amperage threshold", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for checking amperage threshold specifically; HFC.SN.AH covers pacemaker function checks generically and is the most appropriate code, but it is broader than this parameter-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "13756000", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker for electrode impedance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for electrode impedance measurement; HFC.SN.AH captures the broader pacemaker/defibrillator function check category under which electrode impedance testing falls, but it does not convey this specific parameter." }] }, { "code" : "89511008", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker for voltage threshold", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Voltage threshold checking is a specific pacemaker parameter test with no dedicated ICHI code; HFC.SN.AH is the best available match as the generic pacemaker/defibrillator function check, but it is considerably broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "24395005", "display" : "Check artificial pacemaker for waveform artifact", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AH covers functional checking of a pacemaker or defibrillator system broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the narrower purpose of checking for waveform artifact specifically, and also includes defibrillators." }] }, { "code" : "225101008", "display" : "Checking patency of urinary catheter tubing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Checking catheter patency is a specific nursing assessment act performed on an indwelling urinary catheter. ICHI's \"Management of internal device for urinary bladder\" (action SN = management of internal device, target NAI = urinary bladder) is the closest available code, but it is broader, encompassing all management activities for a bladder device rather than the specific act of verifying flow/patency." }] }, { "code" : "225959002", "display" : "Checking position of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for verifying catheter position; \"Management of internal device for urinary bladder\" is the best available match as it covers the broad class of activities performed on an in-situ bladder device, of which position checking is one specific act." }] }, { "code" : "225140003", "display" : "Checking skin creases", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Checking skin creases\" is a specific physical examination act (observing skin folds/creases, typically in neonatal or musculoskeletal assessment) that falls within the ICHI concept of observing skin functions. No ICHI code exists for skin crease inspection specifically, so the closest valid match is this residual observation-of-skin-functions category." }] }, { "code" : "400950006", "display" : "Chemodenervation of orbicularis oculi", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemodenervation of the orbicularis oculi (typically botulinum toxin injection into the periorbital muscle) is a percutaneous injection targeting the eyelid/periocular area. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific chemodenervation purpose or the orbicularis oculi muscle as the precise target." }] }, { "code" : "397833007", "display" : "Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, first stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mohs micrographic surgery is primarily a staged local excision of skin lesions (predominantly on the head/neck) with intraoperative microscopic margin control; LAA.JI.AA captures the local excision of head/neck skin but does not encode the staged nature, the intraoperative histology, or the Mohs technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "65139003", "display" : "Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, second stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The second stage of Mohs surgery is another cycle of tissue excision and intraoperative microscopic margin evaluation; the same ICHI code for local excision of head/neck skin is the closest available match but is broader because it does not encode the staged procedural context or the Mohs technique." }] }, { "code" : "15487002", "display" : "Chemosurgery by Mohs' technique, third stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the first and second stages, the third stage of Mohs surgery maps to the same local excision of head/neck skin code, which is the best available ICHI approximation; ICHI lacks the granularity to distinguish between procedural stages or the Mohs micrographic technique." }] }, { "code" : "271454007", "display" : "Child at risk-case conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ Case coordination captures the organisational/care management function of a multidisciplinary case conference for a child at risk, but it is broader — it encompasses all case coordination activities for any patient and does not specify child safeguarding or the conference format that is central to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "308405002", "display" : "Child development recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly, which encompasses the clinical intent of a child development recall (a scheduled re-assessment of developmental progress). However, the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to children and does not encode the recall/follow-up scheduling aspect." }] }, { "code" : "170245002", "display" : "Child examination: school screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to school-based child health screening; PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" is the closest match as it captures the assessment of overall health status that school screening entails. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any person and any setting." }] }, { "code" : "183422002", "display" : "Child guidance therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Child guidance therapy is a structured therapeutic intervention addressing children's emotional, behavioural, and psychosocial difficulties, often involving family members. ATF.PP.ZZ \"Counselling for global psychosocial functions\" is the closest ICHI match capturing the psychosocial counselling dimension, but it is broader — not restricted to children and does not encode the multi-party (child/family) nature." }] }, { "code" : "417334000", "display" : "Child health 21-24 months review", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A 21-24 months child health review is a scheduled surveillance visit that primarily assesses developmental milestones and growth, making ETM.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it is not age-specific and does not encode the periodic/scheduled review aspect." }] }, { "code" : "702481008", "display" : "Child health 24-30 months review", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a structured age-specific child health review covering growth, development, and general well-being, while ETM.AA.ZZ captures assessment of growth and development without being specific to a particular age window or the full breadth of a health review encounter." }] }, { "code" : "416348009", "display" : "Child health 4 years review", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The 4-year child health review is an age-specific structured encounter covering developmental milestones, growth, and health; ETM.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for the developmental assessment component but is broader in not specifying the child age or the full multi-domain scope of such a review." }] }, { "code" : "417559005", "display" : "Child health 7 months review", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The 7-month child health review is an infant-specific structured encounter focusing on growth and developmental milestones, matching the core clinical activity captured by ETM.AA.ZZ, though ICHI does not distinguish by age or encompass the full breadth of a preventive health review encounter." }] }, { "code" : "268481000", "display" : "Child health care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Child health care\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the full range of health care delivered to children, which has no direct ICHI equivalent; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the most fitting high-level ICHI category, though it captures only the assessment dimension and does not encode the paediatric scope." }] }, { "code" : "429159005", "display" : "Child psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no child-specific psychotherapy code; PZB.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy applied to the whole person as an NEC residual, which is the closest generic psychotherapy category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the child/paediatric population specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "30274002", "display" : "Chiropractic consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a chiropractic-specific consultation or assessment code; a chiropractic consultation is fundamentally a health management encounter, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available unspecified encounter code at the whole-person level." }] }, { "code" : "46947000", "display" : "Chiropractic manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chiropractic manipulation is most commonly applied to the vertebral column (spinal manipulation), and MBZ.PA.AH is the NEC residual code for vertebral manipulation by manual/non-instrument means. The ICHI code is wider because chiropractic manipulation can also be applied to peripheral joints, and the ICHI code does not encode the chiropractic discipline." }] }, { "code" : "38507005", "display" : "Cholecystopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated cholecystopexy (gallbladder fixation/suspension) code — the gallbladder block contains no LC (fixation/pexy) action code. KCF.MK.AA (Repair of gallbladder, open) is the closest available code covering surgical reconstruction/repair of the gallbladder, though it is broader than the specific fixation procedure." }] }, { "code" : "435671000124101", "display" : "Cholesterol modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food in general, which encompasses a cholesterol-modified diet, but is broader as it applies to any dietary change rather than being specific to cholesterol reduction. No ICHI code exists for lipid- or cholesterol-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "151259001", "display" : "Cholesterol reduction program", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cholesterol reduction program is a multi-component behaviour change intervention targeting eating patterns, which falls under ICHI's eating behaviours block (VEA), but no specific ICHI code captures a structured lipid-lowering program; the residual VEA.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available container." }] }, { "code" : "275972003", "display" : "Cholesterol screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG9RG8", "display" : "Lipid profile", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG9RG8 (Lipid profile) is the closest ICHI laboratory test code, covering a panel that includes cholesterol measurement, but it is broader than a cholesterol-specific screening test. No ICHI code exists for a standalone cholesterol-only screen." }] }, { "code" : "433153009", "display" : "Chorionic villus sampling using obstetric ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.XH", "display" : "Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chorionic villus sampling is specifically a biopsy/tissue specimen collection from the chorionic villi of the placenta; NMM.AH.XH captures tissue specimen collection from the placenta site, but it is broader as it does not specify the villous target or the ultrasound guidance means." }] }, { "code" : "271418008", "display" : "Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes placing a catheter for chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, while KMA.DN.AE covers any percutaneous implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity. The ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to dialysis catheters specifically." }] }, { "code" : "185382000", "display" : "Chronic disease surveillance check", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a structured clinical review visit for a known chronic disease patient. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it covers any general health assessment rather than a chronic-disease-specific surveillance check." }] }, { "code" : "72310004", "display" : "Circumcision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce; ICHI has no specific \"circumcision\" or \"excision of prepuce\" code. NGM.JJ.AA is the best available match because circumcision is semantically a partial excision of the penile skin — but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any partial penile excision." }] }, { "code" : "91441009", "display" : "Cisternal puncture with injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.AH.AE", "display" : "Cranial puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG.AH.AE sits within the \"Interventions on intracranial space\" block and is the closest ICHI code covering a percutaneous access to the intracranial/cisternal space; however, it does not capture the injection component of the procedure, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "182525009", "display" : "Clamping of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC represents management of an internal device of the urinary bladder, which is the closest ICHI code encompassing catheter management actions; it is broader because it covers any bladder device management rather than the specific act of clamping a urinary catheter." }] }, { "code" : "225273004", "display" : "Clamping urethral catheter with intermittent release", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC is the closest available ICHI code for urinary catheter management, but it does not capture the specific technique of intermittent clamping and release, making it wider than this more granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1153459004", "display" : "Cleaning of oral mucous membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JG.AC", "display" : "Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.JG.AC is the closest ICHI code for a cleaning/cleansing intervention on oral cavity structures; it is broader because debridement covers a wider range of tissue removal activities beyond cleaning of the mucous membrane specifically." }] }, { "code" : "425927007", "display" : "Clinical language intervention program", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUI.PH.ZZ is the closest category, covering therapeutic language training targeting the cognitive/linguistic domain. However, the SNOMED concept is a structured, multi-session program, while the ICHI code is a single-action category without the \"program\" dimension, making ICHI broader." }] }, { "code" : "429891009", "display" : "Closed manipulation of dislocation of prosthetic hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction approach at the hip joint; however, ICHI does not distinguish between a native hip joint and a prosthetic hip joint, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically applies to a prosthetic context." }] }, { "code" : "127589002", "display" : "Closed reduction of dislocation AND application of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of a joint at an unspecified site, which is the primary procedural component, but does not encode the concurrent application of a splint — making the ICHI code broader than the compound SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "127586009", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture AND application of cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the closed fracture reduction component at an unspecified bone site, but the cast application is a separate ICHI code not merged into this single code — so the mapping omits the cast component and is therefore broader than the full compound SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "127587000", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture AND application of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the closed fracture reduction at an unspecified bone site but has no combined code that also encodes the splint application; the splint component would require a separate code, making this mapping wider than the compound SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287920005", "display" : "Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the radius or to epiphyseal/growth plate injuries — the closest assignable code covers closed reduction of any bone of the forearm, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the radius and its epiphyseal growth plate." }] }, { "code" : "1287921009", "display" : "Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes closed reduction at the level of \"bone of forearm\" without distinguishing the ulna from the radius or recognising epiphyseal growth plate injuries as a distinct target, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736488000", "display" : "Closure of fistula of urethra with buccal mucosa graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for urethral fistula closure specifically, and no code for buccal mucosa as graft material in this context; NAM.ML.AA is the best available code as it encompasses the reconstructive intent, but it is broader — it does not specify the fistula indication or the buccal mucosa graft means." }] }, { "code" : "746011009", "display" : "Closure of skin wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair\" in ICHI covers wound closure but also encompasses other repair procedures beyond simple wound closure; additionally this is the NEC residual code covering all body regions, making it broader than the site-unspecified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "273990004", "display" : "Coagulation of brain tissue using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the broader action \"GA\" (destruction) covering all modalities, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies electrical energy (electrocoagulation) as the means; the ICHI code does not encode the electrosurgical technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303582002", "display" : "Coagulation of lesion of large intestine using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the colon by any modality without specifying electrical energy, and targets the colon (a sub-part of the large intestine, not including the rectum); overall it is a wider match because the means (electrical) is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "56657006", "display" : "Coagulation of lesion of pharynx using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.GA.AA covers destruction of a lesion of the oral pharynx but does not specify the means (electrical energy/electrocoagulation), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no nasopharyngeal or hypopharyngeal lesion destruction code with a means code for electrical energy." }] }, { "code" : "438626009", "display" : "Coagulation of prostate using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA is the closest generic prostate destruction code; no ICHI code specifies laser as the means for prostate destruction. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the laser modality." }] }, { "code" : "287221006", "display" : "Coagulation of spinal cord using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABA.GA.AA directly matches the target (spinal cord) and action (destruction/coagulation), but does not specify the means (electrical energy), making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172737003", "display" : "Cochleostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cochleostomy is a surgical incision specifically into the cochlea, whereas CCA.FA.AC covers incision of the inner ear at the broader anatomical level rather than the cochlea specifically. The cochlea-specific block has no incision/ostomy code." }] }, { "code" : "16631761000119104", "display" : "Collection of blood via implanted venous access device", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general but does not specify that the route is via an implanted venous access device; ICHI has no code that captures that specific means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1263397001", "display" : "Colonoscopic control of rectal bleeding using electrocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of bleeding of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.LA.AD correctly captures endoscopic haemostasis of the rectum, but does not encode the specific means of electrocoagulation; ICHI has no code at this level of technique specificity for rectal haemostasis." }] }, { "code" : "717251004", "display" : "Colostomy assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Enterostomy assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any enterostomy (intestinal stoma), of which colostomy is a subtype; ICHI has no colostomy-specific assessment code, so the best match is the broader enterostomy assessment category." }] }, { "code" : "183208004", "display" : "Colostomy bag adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTB.SN.AC is the closest ICHI match, covering management (maintenance activities) of an enterostomy, which encompasses appliance adjustments such as colostomy bag fitting; it is broader because it covers all enterostomy management and does not specify the colostomy type or the bag-adjustment activity." }] }, { "code" : "715282001", "display" : "Combined healthy eating and physical education program", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified lifestyle behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept targets both eating behaviours (VEA block) and physical activity behaviours (VEB block) simultaneously as a combined program; the closest single ICHI code is the unspecified lifestyle behaviours residual VE1.ZZ.ZZ, which is broader because it does not specify the dual eating-and-physical-activity focus." }] }, { "code" : "439071008", "display" : "Complete removal of allograft of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.JK.AA encodes total excision of the small intestine, which captures the complete removal aspect, but it does not distinguish that the intestine being removed is an allograft." }] }, { "code" : "87795007", "display" : "Complete transurethral resection of prostate, including control of postoperative bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.JJ.AD captures the defining TURP procedure but does not encode the additional component of postoperative haemostasis control that the SNOMED concept specifies." }] }, { "code" : "712491005", "display" : "Completion of learning disabilities health action plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ covers the creation/completion of an individualised health plan, which is the closest ICHI concept to a learning disabilities health action plan, but does not specify the learning disabilities population." }] }, { "code" : "2344008", "display" : "Complicated cystorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder) corresponds to cystorrhaphy and is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the \"complicated\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "66477007", "display" : "Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class II malocclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any dedicated orthodontic or malocclusion correction code; KAE.SM.AC captures management of an external dental appliance but is broader — it does not distinguish dentition type, malocclusion class, or the comprehensive multi-phase nature." }] }, { "code" : "39569003", "display" : "Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class III malocclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code covering external appliance management on teeth, but it is far broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of permanent dentition and Class III malocclusion." }] }, { "code" : "68177008", "display" : "Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class I malocclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external tooth appliance and therefore encompasses orthodontic appliance management, but ICHI makes no distinction between transitional (mixed) and permanent dentition, nor specifies malocclusion class." }] }, { "code" : "49707003", "display" : "Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class II malocclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the only ICHI code that meaningfully relates to orthodontic appliance-based treatment; it is broader because it does not encode dentition stage, malocclusion classification, or treatment scope." }] }, { "code" : "39799009", "display" : "Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, transitional dentition, for class III malocclusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC remains the best available ICHI match; ICHI does not model malocclusion types, dentition stages, or the comprehensive treatment episode." }] }, { "code" : "1173981003", "display" : "Compression suture of uterus for postpartum hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for compression suturing (B-Lynch or similar) of the uterus for postpartum hemorrhage; \"Repair of uterus\" is the closest structural match but is broader, encompassing all forms of uterine repair regardless of technique or indication." }] }, { "code" : "290015004", "display" : "Conjunctival graft procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated conjunctival graft code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) would subsume a conjunctival graft as a method of repair but is broader as it covers all conjunctival repair approaches." }] }, { "code" : "230850006", "display" : "Connection from brain cyst to subcutaneous reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific Ommaya reservoir or intracranial cyst-to-reservoir shunt code; AAG.DN.AA captures the procedural action of placing a reservoir device in the intracranial space but is broader as it does not specify the source (brain cyst) or destination (subcutaneous reservoir)." }] }, { "code" : "230849006", "display" : "Connection from cystic brain tumor to subcutaneous reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG.DN.AA is the best available ICHI approximation for this reservoir-insertion procedure; it is broader as it does not specify the source structure (cystic tumor) or external subcutaneous reservoir destination." }] }, { "code" : "65360004", "display" : "Construction of artificial vagina with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MA.AA", "display" : "Vaginal construction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.MA.AA \"Vaginal construction\" directly captures the creation of a neovagina (vaginoplasty), matching the core surgical intent, but the ICHI code does not specify the use of a graft." }] }, { "code" : "175221003", "display" : "Construction of central aortopulmonary interposition shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.LI.AA", "display" : "Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HID.LI.AA covers all systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunts, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the central interposition variant (graft directly between ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery)." }] }, { "code" : "233073003", "display" : "Construction of conduit - right ventricle to left pulmonary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBB.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated RV-to-pulmonary conduit creation code, but it targets the pulmonary arterial tree in general rather than the left pulmonary artery specifically, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "440105007", "display" : "Construction of corset", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fabricating or fitting a spinal corset/orthosis; PAA.DP.AH is the closest available code in the topographical trunk interventions block, but it encompasses all assistive products applied to the trunk." }] }, { "code" : "439973009", "display" : "Construction of custom ear prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for fabricating or fitting an auricular prosthesis; PAB.DP.AH is the closest available code covering assistive product application to the head/neck region." }] }, { "code" : "780897004", "display" : "Construction of interposition anastomosis using tissue engineered blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LB.AA covers anastomosis of an artery but does not specify the interposition technique or the use of a tissue-engineered vessel as the graft material; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arterial anastomosis not classified elsewhere regardless of graft type or configuration." }] }, { "code" : "233125006", "display" : "Construction of intraventricular left ventricle to aorta spiral tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.LI.AA captures the LV-to-aorta conduit creation but does not distinguish the spiral tunnel configuration from other conduit types; the SNOMED concept's intraventricular spiral tunnel morphology is a more specific subtype of LV-to-aorta conduit that ICHI does not represent." }] }, { "code" : "233124005", "display" : "Construction of intraventricular left ventricle to aorta tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.LI.AA directly represents creation of a conduit between the left ventricle and aorta but does not differentiate an intraventricular tunnel from other conduit forms such as extracardiac grafts; ICHI is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440125006", "display" : "Construction of special footwear", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to the foot, encompassing special/therapeutic footwear, but does not distinguish fabrication or construction of the footwear itself; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product to the foot, not specifically custom-made footwear." }] }, { "code" : "281236004", "display" : "Construction of temporary dental bridge", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a dental bridge (temporary or permanent); the most appropriate code is \"Application of dental device,\" which broadly covers placement of any dental appliance including bridges and is therefore wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281235000", "display" : "Construction of temporary dental crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crown placement is a form of tooth restoration and KAE.MK.AC is the most specific ICHI category available; \"Dental crown\" subtypes exist only as ICHI extension code qualifiers, so the ICHI code is wider as it covers all tooth restorations rather than specifically temporary crown construction." }] }, { "code" : "234832008", "display" : "Construction of tooth veneer at chairside", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tooth veneer is a form of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC is the most specific assignable ICHI code; \"Veneered crown\" exists only as an extension code qualifier, so the ICHI code is wider than this SNOMED concept and does not capture the chairside fabrication detail." }] }, { "code" : "1287780002", "display" : "Consultation for speech problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A consultation for a speech problem is primarily a clinical assessment of speech function, and JUC.AA.ZZ covers this core activity; the SNOMED concept could also include advising and counselling, but the dominant clinical act is assessment, with ICHI not capturing the additional consultative components." }] }, { "code" : "416520008", "display" : "Consultation for unaccompanied minor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for consultations specifically involving unaccompanied minors as a patient population; the closest assignable category is the general health assessment of the whole person, which is substantially broader and captures none of the safeguarding/legal context specific to this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "15301000", "display" : "Consultation in chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no chemotherapy-specific consultation or oncology consultation code; the general health assessment is the best available whole-person encounter code but is far broader, losing all information about the chemotherapy clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "1365979000", "display" : "Consultation to prepare for transition from child to adult care service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preparing a patient for transition from paediatric to adult services is fundamentally an individualised care planning encounter, which maps best to PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning — whole person), but that code is broader and does not encode the transition-of-care or age/developmental context." }] }, { "code" : "719410009", "display" : "Consultation via video conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6UP2 is the ICHI telehealth extension code for any intervention delivered with advice from a remote location, which closely captures the remote/distance dimension of a video-conference consultation; it is broader because it is modality-agnostic and applies to any type of intervention, not just consultations, and does not specify video as the medium." }] }, { "code" : "1156702006", "display" : "Consulting with healthcare provider about medication side effects", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising/counselling interactions concerning medications in general, which is the nearest ICHI category to a patient-provider discussion about medication side effects; it is broader because it does not specify side effects or adverse effects as the subject matter, and it describes the provider advising the patient rather than the patient consulting the provider." }] }, { "code" : "182807005", "display" : "Continuous blood sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's blood specimen collection code is the direct structural match for blood sampling, but it does not encode the \"continuous\" modality of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader, covering all blood specimen collection regardless of whether it is single or continuous." }] }, { "code" : "1260411001", "display" : "Continuous flow apneic ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes artificial ventilation as a single category without differentiating ventilatory modes or techniques such as apneic or flow-based approaches; JTB.DE.AC is the only applicable primary code and is considerably broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation modality." }] }, { "code" : "1187023008", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation pressure-control inflation-type", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate pressure-control or mandatory ventilation modes at the primary code level; JTB.DE.AC is the single applicable ICHI category and encompasses all forms of artificial ventilation, making it substantially broader than this specific SNOMED mode descriptor." }] }, { "code" : "1186749003", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-control inflation-type", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's only assignable ventilation code covers artificial ventilation in general, without distinguishing mode (mandatory vs. spontaneous), control variable (volume vs. pressure), or inflation type; the SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of this broader category." }] }, { "code" : "1222607009", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation with sigh", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no code for ventilation with sigh augmentation as a distinct mode; the only available code is the general \"Artificial ventilation,\" which is broader than this specific CMV-with-sigh variant." }] }, { "code" : "47545007", "display" : "Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CPAP (a non-invasive, spontaneous-breathing support mode) is functionally distinct from conventional artificial ventilation, but ICHI conflates all mechanical respiratory support under a single code with no CPAP-specific category; the ICHI code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439302009", "display" : "Control of anterior epistaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes epistaxis control at the general nose level without distinguishing anterior from posterior nasal sites, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior nasal location." }] }, { "code" : "287382003", "display" : "Control of epistaxis by cautery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures epistaxis control generally without encoding the means (cautery/electrocautery), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the cautery technique as the defining attribute." }] }, { "code" : "54194003", "display" : "Control of epistaxis by ligation of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC captures control of epistaxis at the nasal site but does not specify the mechanism (arterial ligation); it is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the ligation-of-artery approach." }] }, { "code" : "287400009", "display" : "Control of epistaxis by suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis at the nose without encoding the suture method, making it broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies suturing as the haemostatic technique." }] }, { "code" : "698574007", "display" : "Control of hemorrhage of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.LA.AD is the only duodenal bleeding control code in ICHI but specifies an endoscopic approach, whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic and encompasses open, endoscopic, and transcatheter methods. The SNOMED concept is therefore broader than any single ICHI code; KBI.LA.AD is the closest available match covering the most common clinical scenario." }] }, { "code" : "70384006", "display" : "Control of hemorrhage of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code for controlling gastric bleeding, but it is restricted to the endoscopic approach, while the SNOMED concept encompasses all approaches (open, endoscopic, transcatheter); KBF.LA.AF covers transcatheter embolisation as a separate code, so no single ICHI code is semantically equivalent to the approach-agnostic SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440699009", "display" : "Control of posterior epistaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC covers epistaxis control without specifying anatomical site (anterior vs posterior), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically for posterior nasal bleeding; the only other epistaxis code (JAC.LA.AC) refers to turbinate epistaxis, which is an anterior site and therefore not applicable here." }] }, { "code" : "473242000", "display" : "Control of postoperative hemorrhage of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.LA.ZZ", "display" : "Haemostasis of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.LA.ZZ maps the correct target (prostate) and action (LA = haemostasis/bleeding control), with ZZ means indicating approach is unspecified; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to the postoperative context." }] }, { "code" : "439788008", "display" : "Controlled crying technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Controlled crying (graduated extinction) is a specific structured behavioural sleep intervention used primarily with infants; ICHI's ATK.PH.ZZ covers training of sleep functions broadly without capturing the specific technique or the parental coaching context, making ICHI wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386249009", "display" : "Controlled substance checking", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Controlled substance checking is a specific audit or reconciliation activity verifying the stock and administration records of scheduled/controlled drugs; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general (any drug, any purpose), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to controlled substances in a regulatory compliance context." }] }, { "code" : "170762008", "display" : "Conversion to insulin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Conversion to insulin is a specific clinical decision to initiate insulin therapy (often switching from oral agents in diabetes management); the closest ICHI code PZX.TI.ZZ represents pharmacotherapy prescription in general, which is broader and does not capture the switch-in-treatment or insulin specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "870389007", "display" : "Cooled radiofrequency ablation of nerve using ultrasonographic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cooled radiofrequency ablation is a specific thermal percutaneous nerve destruction technique performed under ultrasound guidance; ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve but does not encode the radiofrequency/cooled-RF modality or the ultrasonographic guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "105382002", "display" : "Cooling the patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Cooling the patient\" is an unspecified whole-body cooling intervention, while ICHI PZA.SE.ZZ specifies cooling of central (core) body temperature; ICHI also has a peripheral counterpart (PZX.SE.ZZ), so neither ICHI code fully covers the generic SNOMED concept, but PZA.SE.ZZ is the closest match as core temperature management is the primary clinical intent of patient cooling." }] }, { "code" : "1268663003", "display" : "Coordination of resources to address intimate partner abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaborating or building partnerships in relation to family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intimate partner abuse is explicitly within the scope of the VBB block (\"family and partner violence\"), and the TD action axis (collaborating/building partnerships) corresponds to coordinating resources; the ICHI code is slightly broader because VBB covers all family and partner violence, not only intimate partner abuse specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1268662008", "display" : "Coordination of resources to address social needs", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" in ICHI captures the organisational act of coordinating care/resources across services for an individual, which aligns well with coordinating resources to address social needs; the ICHI code is broader because it covers general case coordination without the specific framing of social needs or resource mobilisation." }] }, { "code" : "1148818006", "display" : "Coordination of services to assist with maintaining housing security", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.TD.ZZ is the closest fit as it sits within the housing services block (BlockL4-UEE) and captures an inter-organisational coordinating action specifically for housing; it is somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept, which emphasises individual-level housing security maintenance rather than the systems/policy level implied by ICHI's \"systems and policies\" framing." }] }, { "code" : "52805006", "display" : "Core build up for retainer, including any pins", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC \"Restoration of tooth\" is the best available ICHI match for a dental core build-up procedure, as both involve restoring lost tooth structure; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering all tooth restorations (fillings, crowns, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a core build-up with pins specifically designed to support a crown retainer." }] }, { "code" : "868231004", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free left internal thoracic artery graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA \"Coronary artery bypass\" captures the core procedure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the use of a free left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft — a particular conduit choice and harvest technique not distinguished in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "868230003", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers open coronary artery bypass in general but does not specify the graft conduit; the SNOMED concept is precisely defined by the use of a free right internal thoracic artery graft, detail that ICHI does not capture at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "868228000", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using gastroepiploic artery graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA represents open coronary artery bypass without differentiation by conduit type; the gastroepiploic artery graft specificity present in the SNOMED concept is not represented in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "868227005", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for open CABG but does not distinguish the radial artery as the graft conduit, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243096001", "display" : "Correct fixing of baby to breast education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.PM.ZZ covers education broadly aimed at influencing breastfeeding behaviours, which encompasses but is broader than this specific SNOMED concept of educating about correct latch/attachment technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish the specific sub-topic of infant positioning/fixing at the breast." }] }, { "code" : "3241008", "display" : "Correction of chordee with mobilization of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chordee correction with urethral mobilisation is a specific penile reconstructive surgery (straightening the curved penis and repositioning the urethra), which falls under repair of the penis; ICHI has no more precise code capturing both the chordee correction and urethra mobilisation components specifically." }] }, { "code" : "42624001", "display" : "Correction of malrotation by lysis of duodenal bands", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peritoneal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ladd's procedure involves dividing peritoneal (duodenal/Ladd's) bands that obstruct the duodenum due to intestinal malrotation; KMA.FC.AA (release of peritoneal adhesions) is the closest ICHI equivalent, though it is broader and does not specify the duodenal bands or the malrotation context." }] }, { "code" : "178749005", "display" : "Correction of spinal deformity and instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for spinal deformity correction combined with instrumentation. MBZ.DN.AA captures the instrumentation (internal fixation/device implantation) component at the vertebral column level, which is the defining operative element of this procedure, but it does not encode the corrective deformity aspect or the combination with osteotomy/fusion that is frequently part of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "112722004", "display" : "Correction of spinal pseudoarthrosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pseudoarthrosis of the spine (failed fusion/non-union) is corrected by revision spinal fusion; ICHI has no specific code for pseudoarthrosis repair, and MBZ.LE.AA (spinal fusion NEC) is the closest procedural match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all spinal fusions regardless of indication, not just revision for pseudoarthrosis." }] }, { "code" : "1345008000", "display" : "Counseling about caretaking skills", "target" : [{ "code" : "SBQ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about acquiring skills", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Caretaking skills counselling is a specific form of skill-acquisition counselling directed at caregiving competencies; ICHI's SBQ.PP.ZZ covers counselling about acquiring any skills, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to caretaking/caregiving skills." }] }, { "code" : "445142003", "display" : "Counseling about disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for disease counselling; PZB.PP.ZZ is the residual \"counselling NEC\" category under \"interventions on the whole person,\" which is broader than the disease-specific counselling described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710199005", "display" : "Counseling about fear", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fear is classified as an emotional function in ICHI's body-function framework; AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for the full range of emotional functions (not fear alone), so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which targets fear specifically." }] }, { "code" : "711030000", "display" : "Counseling about level of hope", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In the ICF-based ICHI framework, hope is classified under energy and drive functions (motivation, optimism, drive); ATI.PP.ZZ is the most specific available code, but it encompasses all energy and drive functions rather than hope specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351797007", "display" : "Counseling about management of finances", "target" : [{ "code" : "SV2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in economic life, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SV2.PP.ZZ targets the broader domain of \"engaging in economic life\" (which covers work, finances, and economic transactions collectively), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the management of finances. No more specific ICHI code for financial management counselling exists; SV2.PP.ZZ is the closest residual category within the economic life block." }] }, { "code" : "1284866007", "display" : "Counseling about relaxation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Relaxation techniques are a specific tool within the broader repertoire of stress and psychological demand management, so SDJ.PP.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code for relaxation technique counselling specifically exists; ICHI does not decompose stress-management counselling to the level of individual techniques." }] }, { "code" : "1344992003", "display" : "Counseling about signs and symptoms of emotional problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling directed at emotional functions broadly (the ICF body-function target), while the SNOMED concept is more specifically scoped to counselling about recognising signs and symptoms of an emotional problem. The ICHI code is the best structural match within the emotional/mental functions hierarchy but is inherently broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1344991005", "display" : "Counseling about signs and symptoms of mental health problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PP.ZZ covers counselling across all mental functions without restriction, while the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on psychoeducation about signs and symptoms of mental health problems. The ICHI code is broader — it does not constrain the counselling content to symptom recognition, but it is the closest available code within the mental functions counselling cluster." }] }, { "code" : "105393000", "display" : "Counseling by chaplain", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode provider type (chaplain) as a differentiating axis, and there is no spiritually-focused pastoral counselling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the designated residual category for counselling not elsewhere classified, making it the broadest but most defensible catch-all for a chaplaincy counselling encounter." }] }, { "code" : "66800001", "display" : "Counseling by physiotherapist", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish interventions by clinician type (physiotherapist), and no counselling code specific to physical rehabilitation or physiotherapy context exists as a discrete category; PZB.PP.ZZ is the most appropriate residual counselling code available, capturing the counselling action without the provider-type specificity present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702971000", "display" : "Counseling for childhood immunization", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDA.PN.ZZ covers advising about immunisation behaviours broadly across all age groups, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on childhood immunization; the ICHI code is wider because it is not age-restricted. No ICHI counselling-specific code (PP action) exists under the VDA block — only advising (PN) — making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "702595009", "display" : "Counseling for fertility preservation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUD.PP.ZZ represents fertility counselling broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to preservation-specific scenarios; the SNOMED concept narrows the scope to counselling aimed specifically at preserving fertility (e.g., prior to gonadotoxic treatment), making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "702972007", "display" : "Counseling for influenza immunization", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI assignable code targets immunisation behaviours in general but does not specify influenza as the subject, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not have a vaccine-disease-specific counselling category." }] }, { "code" : "25110001000004102", "display" : "Counseling for management of colostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Colostomy management counselling concerns digestive system function (specifically defaecation/elimination via a surgically created stoma), which falls under the digestive functions counselling block; no colostomy-specific or stoma-specific counselling code exists in ICHI, so this NEC residual code is the best available match and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "25060001000004106", "display" : "Counseling for management of ileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ileostomy management counselling concerns digestive system function (small intestinal elimination via a surgically created stoma), which falls under the digestive functions counselling block; as with colostomy, no ileostomy-specific or stoma-specific counselling code exists in ICHI, and this NEC code is the best available match at an appropriately broader level." }] }, { "code" : "24830001000004106", "display" : "Counseling for management of urostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urostomy is a form of urinary diversion, and counselling for its management falls within the domain of urinary functions, but NT2.PP.ZZ is broader, covering all urinary function counselling rather than specifically post-urostomy stoma management. No more specific ICHI code for urostomy counselling exists." }] }, { "code" : "439421000", "display" : "Counseling for menopause", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Menopause is primarily driven by changes in ovarian endocrine function (oestrogen/progesterone decline); ICHI has no specific menopause counselling code, and ETK.PP.ZZ (endocrine gland functions counselling) is the closest structural match, though it is broader in scope. The menstruation block (NUB) has no PP counselling code, and NUB.PM.ZZ covers only education." }] }, { "code" : "702974008", "display" : "Counseling for pneumococcal vaccination", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pneumococcal vaccination counselling is an intervention aimed at supporting immunological protection; DTB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for immunological system functions broadly, which is the best available match since ICHI has no vaccine-specific or pathogen-specific counselling code." }] }, { "code" : "464671000124106", "display" : "Counseling for readiness to implement food insecurity care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Assessment of food\" (UAB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code under the \"Interventions on food\" block (UAB), capturing the evaluation of food-related concerns including security. However, it is broader — it does not reflect the specific dimension of assessing a patient's readiness to act on a food insecurity care plan, nor does ICHI have a counselling/advising code within the food block." }] }, { "code" : "439885002", "display" : "Counseling for spina bifida screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"advising\" rather than \"counselling\" and does not have condition-specific screening counselling codes; VDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours) is the best available match as it covers advising a patient about participating in a screening program. It is broader because it is not specific to spina bifida or neural tube defect screening." }] }, { "code" : "702583009", "display" : "Counseling for sterilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sterilisation counselling; NUD.PP.ZZ (Fertility counselling) is the closest available code as sterilisation is a fertility-ending decision that falls within the domain of fertility and reproductive counselling. It is broader, as it covers all fertility counselling rather than specifically pre-sterilisation decision counselling." }] }, { "code" : "10383002", "display" : "Counseling for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has termination-of-pregnancy procedure codes (NME.DB.AC, NME.JE.AA) but no counselling/advising code for termination of pregnancy; NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy) under the pregnancy functions block is the best contextual fit, though it is broader in scope and does not specifically address termination counselling." }] }, { "code" : "713120004", "display" : "Counting fetal movement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Counting fetal movement\" is a specific clinical assessment technique (kick counting) directed at fetal activity, which falls under fetal assessment. NMR.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fetal or embryonic structure broadly, making it wider than the specific act of counting fetal movements; no more precise ICHI code for fetal movement counting exists." }] }, { "code" : "230963001", "display" : "Cranial nerve ganglion neurostimulator electrode procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of cranial nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers a group of procedures involving neurostimulator electrodes at cranial nerve ganglia, which is a subset of cranial nerve device procedures; AAN.DL.AA (open insertion of a cranial nerve device) is the closest available match but is broader as it encompasses any device insertion rather than specifically neurostimulator electrode work." }] }, { "code" : "6976007", "display" : "Craniocervical spinal fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Craniocervical (occipitocervical) fusion spans the skull base and upper cervical spine, a region that does not fit neatly under MBA.LE.AA \"Fusion of cervical spine\" (which covers C-spine only, not the cranio-cervical junction). MBZ.LE.AA \"Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified\" is therefore the best available code, though it is broader than the specific craniocervical level targeted by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445746008", "display" : "Craniotomy and removal of hematoma from extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Drainage of intracranial space\" covers the primary operative goal (evacuating the extradural hematoma) but is broader in that it includes any fluid drainage from the intracranial space and does not encode the craniotomy approach or restrict to the extradural compartment. ICHI has no combined craniotomy-plus-hematoma-evacuation code." }] }, { "code" : "68800008", "display" : "Creation of conduit of right ventricle and pulmonary artery in repair of transposition of great vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBB.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code directly describes creating the RV-to-pulmonary artery conduit, matching the core procedure precisely. It is slightly wider because it does not encode the clinical indication (transposition of great vessels repair), which is a contextual detail not represented in ICHI codes." }] }, { "code" : "12077004", "display" : "Reduction of fracture of fibula with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the tibia or fibula but does not distinguish the fibula alone, and does not encode the internal fixation component — making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both fibula specificity and internal fixation. The open-approach axis (AA) aligns with the surgical nature implied by internal fixation." }] }, { "code" : "7082004", "display" : "Reduction of fracture of hand with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LD.AA captures open reduction of bones in the hand region, matching the target and open surgical approach implied by internal fixation, but ICHI does not separately encode the internal fixation device placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "122471009", "display" : "Reduction of open fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LD.AA represents open reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, which aligns with the unspecified anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's \"open\" axis (AA) refers to surgical approach rather than the nature of the fracture itself, and no site specificity is given, so the match is approximate." }] }, { "code" : "1255511000", "display" : "Referral for personal emergency response system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ is the only referral code in ICHI and captures the referral action, but it covers referral to any health provider for any purpose rather than specifically for provision of a personal emergency response system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "55796000", "display" : "Reinsertion of transhepatic T-tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.KA.AD", "display" : "Replacement of device in biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.KA.AD covers replacement of a device in the biliary duct via endoscopy, which semantically aligns with reinserting a T-tube into the bile duct through an existing transhepatic tract; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the transhepatic route or the T-tube device type specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446878003", "display" : "Transluminal angioplasty of blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic, non-site-specific transluminal angioplasty applicable to any blood vessel, while IZA.LG.AF covers only arteries NEC; no single \"blood vessel NEC\" dilatation code exists, making IZA.LG.AF the closest available option, with the SNOMED concept being broader than the ICHI code in scope of vessels covered." }] }, { "code" : "232959003", "display" : "Transluminal maintenance of aortic balloon pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.SN.AF covers percutaneous transluminal management of any cardiac assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the maintenance of an intra-aortic balloon pump; ICHI is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices, not just the IABP specifically." }] }, { "code" : "232964004", "display" : "Transluminal removal of intraventricular pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of biventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has removal codes for left, right, and biventricular ventricular assist devices, but none specify the transluminal/percutaneous approach for removal, and none use the term \"intraventricular pump.\" HBZ.JD.AA is the closest available option but is broader as it does not encode the transluminal route." }] }, { "code" : "428198008", "display" : "Transplantation of hepatocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.KD.AA", "display" : "Liver transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hepatocyte (liver cell) transplantation — a cellular-level procedure distinct from whole-organ liver transplantation. KCA.KD.AA is the closest available liver-related transplantation code but is semantically much broader, covering whole-organ transplant rather than isolated cell infusion." }] }, { "code" : "1359980008", "display" : "Transrectal ultrasonography guided insertion of fiducial marker into prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the prostate via an unspecified approach, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but does not encode the transrectal route, ultrasound guidance, or the specific instrument (fiducial marker), making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1268998003", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of infrared reflector localization marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the essential procedural act — percutaneous device insertion into the breast — which describes placing a localization marker under ultrasound guidance; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any device inserted percutaneously into the breast." }] }, { "code" : "1106671000000108", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, which encompasses insertion of a magnetic marker; however ICHI does not distinguish the device type or encode the ultrasound guidance approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1268967000", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast, subsuming RFID tag insertion; ICHI does not differentiate device type nor encode ultrasound guidance, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713563009", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided localization of iodine 125 radioactive seed to breast lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placing a radioactive seed into the breast is captured as percutaneous device insertion; ICHI does not encode the specific seed type (I-125), the ultrasound guidance, or the localisation intent, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711427004", "display" : "Ultrasonography of central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A central venous catheter resides in the thoracic venous system, so IDB.BA.BJ covers the anatomical territory; however the SNOMED concept specifically targets imaging the catheter device itself, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "719351007", "display" : "Uniportal VATS - video assisted thoracoscopic surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not represent \"uniportal VATS\" as a distinct code — the number of ports is a technical variation not captured in ICHI. JCH.AE.AB is the closest structural match representing thoracoscopic access to the thoracic cavity, but it is broader as it encompasses all thoracoscopic approaches." }] }, { "code" : "361254007", "display" : "Ureteroscopic balloon rupture and stenting", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LH.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LH.AD captures the core combined procedure of endoscopic (ureteroscopic) dilatation of the ureter followed by insertion of a device (stent), which closely matches the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code does not specify balloon dilation as the dilatation method, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "446545000", "display" : "Ureteroscopic dilation of stricture of ureter using balloon catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LG.AD captures endoscopic (ureteroscopic) dilatation of the ureter, which is the core procedure; however ICHI does not specify balloon catheter as the dilatation instrument nor that the target is a stricture specifically, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "429051005", "display" : "Ureteroscopic endoluminal rupture of stenosis of ureter using balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes the same fundamental procedure as ureteroscopic balloon dilation — disrupting a ureteric stenosis via balloon dilatation — and maps to NAE.LG.AD; ICHI does not distinguish balloon-mediated rupture from other dilatation methods, nor specify stenosis as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "429573008", "display" : "Urodynamic study using catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated urodynamics code; NT2.AC.ZZ is the closest functional match, capturing the assessment/measurement purpose, but it is broader — it covers any test of urinary function rather than the specific catheter-based pressure/flow study." }] }, { "code" : "408810006", "display" : "Uterine contraction monitoring using intrauterine pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AI.AH", "display" : "Monitoring of delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.AI.AH encompasses internal uterine contraction monitoring with an intrauterine pressure catheter as one of its modalities, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers all forms of delivery monitoring without specifying the intrauterine catheter approach." }] }, { "code" : "1290502005", "display" : "Vacuum mattress spinal immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AH captures the action and the target, which semantically covers vacuum mattress spinal immobilization; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any external immobilisation device applied to the spine, not specifically the vacuum mattress technique." }] }, { "code" : "302358004", "display" : "Vascular cannula adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of vascular device\" encompasses adjustment but also covers other management activities such as flushing and monitoring, making the ICHI code broader than the specific act of adjustment. No dedicated ICHI code for cannula adjustment exists." }] }, { "code" : "416325004", "display" : "Vascular cannula procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other interventions on vessels, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vascular cannula procedure\" is a SNOMED grouper concept covering any intervention involving a vascular cannula; the residual ICHI code for other interventions on vessels is the closest structural equivalent, but it is inherently broader and non-specific." }] }, { "code" : "233553003", "display" : "Vascular cannula removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code covers removal of any intravascular internal device from a blood vessel, which directly aligns with vascular cannula removal; it is wider because it also encompasses removal of other intravascular devices and foreign bodies beyond cannulas specifically." }] }, { "code" : "416504003", "display" : "Vascular line exchange over wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vascular line exchange over wire\" (Seldinger-technique catheter swap) is a specific method of maintaining vascular access; ICHI provides no code specific to the over-wire exchange technique, and IZD.SN.AF is broader covering any maintenance of IV access." }] }, { "code" : "234741008", "display" : "Veneer preparation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to veneer preparation; \"Restoration of tooth\" is the closest restorative dental category and captures the restorative intent, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets specifically the preparatory step for a veneer." }] }, { "code" : "287600003", "display" : "Venous catheter angiocardiography", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.BA.BB", "display" : "Angiocardiography of right heart structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Venous catheter angiocardiography injects contrast via a venous catheter, which typically opacifies the right heart structures; HZB.BA.BB is the closest specific code as venous (right-sided) catheter injection is the defining feature." }] }, { "code" : "243763007", "display" : "Venous sampling catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Venous sampling catheter procedure\" describes obtaining a blood sample through a catheter placed in a vein; DIA.AH.XA captures the essential purpose but is broader as it does not specify the catheter-based venous route." }] }, { "code" : "312973004", "display" : "Viscocanalostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Viscocanalostomy is a glaucoma procedure dilating the canal of Schlemm with viscoelastic material to enhance aqueous humour outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the target and action but is broader, not specifying the viscoelastic technique or Schlemm's canal approach." }] }, { "code" : "447844004", "display" : "Wedge excision of cervix uteri and suturing of surgical wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wedge excision is a form of partial excision of the cervix; NMF.JJ.AA is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not specify the wedge shape or the suturing component." }] }, { "code" : "442937001", "display" : "Wheelchair maintenance and repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wheelchair maintenance and repair is a specific instance of managing mobility and transportation assistive technology; UAE.SM.ZZ is substantially broader, covering all such products rather than wheelchairs specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1268989001", "display" : "Wide local excision of lesion of breast using infrared reflector", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JI.AA matches the core surgical act (local excision of breast lesion) but is broader because it does not capture the specific infrared reflector localization guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "14691000202105", "display" : "Assessment of circadian rhythm", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Circadian rhythm is a specific regulatory mechanism governing sleep-wake cycles, which sits within the broader ICHI domain of sleep functions; ATK.AA.ZZ is the closest parent concept and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16371000202105", "display" : "Assessment of confusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Confusion spans orientation, awareness and higher cognitive functions — all subsumed under global mental functions in ICHI; AT2.AA.ZZ is the residual category for global mental function assessment, broader than the focused SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710844004", "display" : "Assessment of death tradition", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Death traditions are rooted in religious, spiritual and cultural practices; no ICHI code addresses death traditions specifically, so SXH.AA.ZZ is the closest available concept though broader." }] }, { "code" : "733870009", "display" : "Assessment of delirium", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delirium is fundamentally a disorder of awareness, alertness and acute confusional state; ATC.AA.ZZ is the closest specific ICHI match within global mental functions but is wider as it covers all awareness/alertness assessment." }] }, { "code" : "17131000202107", "display" : "Assessment of delusions", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thought functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delusions are a specific disturbance of thought content classified under thought functions in the ICF/ICHI framework; AUF.AA.ZZ is wider as it covers all thought function assessment, not just delusional ideation." }] }, { "code" : "711060005", "display" : "Assessment of denial", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Denial as a psychological defence mechanism has no specific ICHI code; ATF.AA.ZZ covers broad psychological and social functioning including insight, self-awareness and adaptive coping, substantially wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "710847006", "display" : "Assessment of dietary need", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specifically for dietary need assessment; UAB.AA.ZZ under the environment/food block is the closest concept but encompasses food broadly rather than scoped to an individual's dietary requirements." }] }, { "code" : "710848001", "display" : "Assessment of eating and drinking behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.AA.ZZ is the best single-code match capturing the behavioural dimension of eating; it is wider because the SNOMED concept also encompasses drinking behaviour, with no combined eating-and-drinking code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "25951000087104", "display" : "Assessment of eligibility for convalescent care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for assessing eligibility for a specific care type; UEP.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health services broadly and is considerably wider than the focused SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "25961000087101", "display" : "Assessment of eligibility for long term care home", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for assessing eligibility for a long-term care home placement; UEP.AA.ZZ is the best match within the \"Interventions on health services, systems and policies\" block, substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "25971000087105", "display" : "Assessment of eligibility for respite care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Respite care eligibility assessment has no dedicated ICHI code; UEP.AA.ZZ is the nearest match within health services assessment, broader than the specific eligibility determination." }] }, { "code" : "710850009", "display" : "Assessment of expectations", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for assessing expectations as a clinical construct; ATF.AA.ZZ is the broadest available mental-function assessment domain that could subsume an expectations assessment." }] }, { "code" : "709474002", "display" : "Assessment of fatigue", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fatigue is the primary clinical manifestation of impaired energy and drive functions; ATI.AA.ZZ is the most precise ICHI match but somewhat broader as it encompasses motivation and drive beyond fatigue alone." }] }, { "code" : "385706004", "display" : "Assessment of fecal disimpaction", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.AE.AC", "display" : "Examination of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for assessing fecal impaction or disimpaction; KBW.AE.AC is the closest available assessment act in the same anatomical region, but is a generic rectal examination rather than targeted disimpaction assessment." }] }, { "code" : "709479007", "display" : "Assessment of fetal gestational age", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gestational age assessment examines fetal biometric and structural parameters; NMR.AA.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all structural assessments of the fetus/embryo, not gestational age specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709478004", "display" : "Assessment of food supply", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of food broadly (including safety and security), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to \"food supply\" as an availability dimension; the ICHI code is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "710856003", "display" : "Assessment of grief", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Grief is a specific emotional state; AUD.AA.ZZ covers emotional functions broadly (encompassing grief, affect, mood and other emotional dimensions), wider than the SNOMED concept limited to grief." }] }, { "code" : "17101000202104", "display" : "Assessment of hallucinations", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of perceptual function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hallucinations are a disorder of perceptual function (false perceptions without external stimulus); AUE.AA.ZZ is the best structural fit but wider because it encompasses all perceptual functions, not only hallucinatory phenomena." }] }, { "code" : "11661000202104", "display" : "Assessment of hearing aid use", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for assessing hearing aid use; CTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of hearing functions broadly which encompasses evaluating hearing capacity but is wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on the hearing aid specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709480005", "display" : "Assessment of hyperalgesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hyperalgesia is a specific pain phenomenon (heightened sensitivity to painful stimuli); AXA.AA.ZZ covers pain assessment in general — the closest ICHI code but broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on amplified pain sensitivity." }] }, { "code" : "17021000202106", "display" : "Assessment of impulsivity", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Impulsivity is a dimension of temperament and personality in the ICF/ICHI framework; ATH.AA.ZZ is the most semantically aligned code but broader, as no dedicated impulsivity or impulse-control assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "710957008", "display" : "Assessment of inhalation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Inhalation technique assessment concerns how a patient uses an inhaler device — a pharmaceutical use behaviour; VAD.AA.ZZ is the best fit but broader, encompassing all pharmaceutical use behaviours rather than specifically inhaler technique." }] }, { "code" : "385748006", "display" : "Assessment of intake and output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of fluid intake", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of fluid intake, addressing the \"intake\" component, but ICHI lacks a combined intake-and-output (fluid balance) measurement code; the SNOMED concept additionally encompasses output measurement." }] }, { "code" : "709481009", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge about pain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain as a clinical entity (sensation, functions), broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets a patient's knowledge about pain; no ICHI code for pain knowledge exists." }] }, { "code" : "709482002", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of cross infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health literacy levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically assessing knowledge of cross-infection; VFS.AA.ZZ (assessment of health literacy levels) is the broadest relevant match since understanding infection transmission is a component of health literacy." }] }, { "code" : "709483007", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health literacy levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Disease knowledge is a core dimension of health literacy; VFS.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for evaluating what a person knows about disease in general, with no narrower disease-specific knowledge code available." }] }, { "code" : "709484001", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of environmental safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The safety-related behaviours block (VC1) covers road, workplace, home and water safety but has no environmental safety knowledge code; VC1.AA.ZZ is the unspecified residual code in that block and the closest structural match." }] }, { "code" : "709485000", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of fall prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fall prevention is a specific type of safety-related behaviour, and ICHI has no dedicated fall prevention code; VC1.AA.ZZ covers safety behaviours broadly, wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "733867005", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of instructional material", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health literacy levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assessing knowledge and comprehension of instructional/educational materials is functionally an assessment of health literacy; VFS.AA.ZZ is broader as health literacy encompasses more than just instructional material comprehension." }] }, { "code" : "710858002", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of medication regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly and aligns with assessing knowledge of a medication regimen; it is wider as it encompasses all medication assessment, not just knowledge of a prescribed regime." }] }, { "code" : "710859005", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of pain management", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering pain assessment, but it addresses clinical assessment of the pain sensation itself rather than what the patient knows about managing their pain — broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "710860000", "display" : "Assessment of knowledge of patient controlled analgesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patient-controlled analgesia is a specific medication delivery/regime concept; UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications) is the closest match but wider as it covers all medication assessment rather than PCA knowledge specifically." }] }, { "code" : "473210006", "display" : "Assessment of lymphedema", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code explicitly for assessing lymphedema (the clinical condition of lymphatic obstruction with tissue swelling). DFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified) is the best structural match — it covers assessment of lymphatic anatomy — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a clinical evaluation of the lymphedema condition rather than general lymphatic structure assessment." }] }, { "code" : "710862008", "display" : "Assessment of medication supply", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly (the UAC block targets medicaments as an environmental product/technology), which encompasses medication supply assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specifically isolate the \"supply\" dimension — it covers any form of medication assessment, not just availability or provision." }] }, { "code" : "709488003", "display" : "Assessment of mood", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mood is a core component of emotional functions in WHO's classification framework (ICF-aligned target axis), so AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider because \"emotional functions\" encompasses the full range of affect, not just mood specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1366728008", "display" : "Assessment of newborn", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no newborn-specific assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (whole-person general health assessment) is the closest available code. It is wider because it applies to any person of any age and does not capture the neonatal-specific clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "48941009", "display" : "Creation of lumbosubarachnoid shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.LI.AA covers any spinal shunt (targeting the spinal canal generally), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the lumbosubarachnoid route and the presence of a valve — both of which are granular details not captured in the ICHI code. The spinal canal target (ABG) is anatomically appropriate for a lumbosubarachnoid shunt, making this the closest available code despite its broader scope." }] }, { "code" : "77241005", "display" : "Creation of ventriculo-auricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers all ventricular shunt procedures regardless of destination; it does not distinguish the atrial destination that defines a ventriculo-auricular shunt specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "735243005", "display" : "Creation of ventriculosubgaleal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for any ventricular shunting procedure; ICHI does not have a subgaleal-destination-specific code, so the match is broader than this particular shunt variant." }] }, { "code" : "390811008", "display" : "Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"crisis intervention\" or \"short-term mental health intervention\" code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the broadest residual counselling category under the whole-person target and captures the unspecified nature of this SNOMED concept, but it is broader than the crisis-specific, time-limited framing intended by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "263147003", "display" : "Crushing of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crushing (neurolysis by compression) is one method of destroying nerve function; ICHI ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of peripheral nerve by any means (open approach), which is broader than the specific mechanical crushing technique. No ICHI code distinguishes crushing from other destructive methods, and cranial/spinal nerve variants exist separately (AAN.GA.AA, ABN) if the nerve type is known." }] }, { "code" : "73529003", "display" : "Cryoprecipitate preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryoprecipitate preparation is a blood-banking/laboratory process of separating and concentrating clotting factors from fresh frozen plasma; the closest ICHI code covers collection/processing of blood or blood products broadly, but does not specify the cryoprecipitation technique or the resulting product type." }] }, { "code" : "231417007", "display" : "Cryotherapy to Gasserian ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Gasserian (semilunar/trigeminal) ganglion is a cranial nerve ganglion, and cryotherapy applied to it constitutes percutaneous destruction — the standard route for this procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all cranial nerves and all percutaneous destructive means, not specifically cryotherapy to the Gasserian ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "231415004", "display" : "Cryotherapy to nerves or ganglia", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryotherapy is a specific modality (cold-induced destruction) applied to nerves or ganglia; ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of peripheral nerve by any means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated cryotherapy/cryo-destruction code for nerves, and ganglia are not separately coded as an intervention target distinct from peripheral nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171904007", "display" : "Cryotherapy to thoracic sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The thoracic sympathetic nerve block (ADC) only has codes for anaesthetic injection and excision — no destruction code exists under BlockL5-ADC. The closest available code is destruction of peripheral nerve (ACA.GA.AA), which captures the destructive intent of cryotherapy but is broader in both target (peripheral nerve rather than specifically thoracic sympathetic) and means (any vs. cryo)." }] }, { "code" : "16555501000119102", "display" : "CT guided injection of celiac plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into a peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for injection into the celiac (coeliac) plexus; ACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve, percutaneous) is the closest match capturing the injection action and percutaneous approach, but the celiac plexus is an autonomic/splanchnic structure not categorised under peripheral nerve, and CT-guidance as means is not reflected, making this a broader approximation." }] }, { "code" : "866217008", "display" : "CT guided injection of spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into the spinal nerve broadly, which encompasses CT-guided nerve root injection, but it does not distinguish CT guidance from other percutaneous approaches and uses \"spinal nerve\" rather than the more specific \"nerve root.\" The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438349002", "display" : "CT guided lumbar sympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADD.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ADD.JK.AA captures lumbar sympathectomy (total excision of the lumbar sympathetic nerve chain) but does not encode CT guidance as the imaging means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies CT-guided technique." }] }, { "code" : "309888002", "display" : "Cut test cavity in tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cut test cavity in tooth\" is a specific preparatory dental drilling step performed to assess or prepare a tooth (e.g., to test for caries extent), which is a sub-step within the broader restorative dentistry workflow coded as KAE.MK.AC. ICHI's tooth restoration code is broader as it encompasses the full restorative procedure, not just the cavity preparation step." }] }, { "code" : "274505004", "display" : "Cut-down infusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A venous cut-down infusion involves surgically incising the skin and vein to expose and cannulate a peripheral vein for fluid administration — ICHI captures the device insertion into a vein via the open approach (AA = open), but does not have a dedicated code combining incision, cannulation, and infusion as a single procedure, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "242050004", "display" : "Cut-down injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cut-down injection involves surgically exposing a vein via incision to administer an injection, and IZD.FA.AA (incision of vein, open approach) captures the defining surgical access component. However, it does not encode the subsequent injection/administration, so the ICHI code is broader in scope than this specific combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "446716004", "display" : "Cystoscopic laser photocoagulation of hemorrhage of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LA.AC", "display" : "Transurethral haemostasis of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.LA.AC captures the essential clinical intent (endoscopic control of bleeding in the bladder via the transurethral route), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify laser photocoagulation as the means — the ICHI means axis does not offer a laser/photocoagulation option for this code, so the specific technique is lost." }] }, { "code" : "447381007", "display" : "Cystoscopy and destruction of valve of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra, which includes destruction of posterior urethral valves via cystoscopy. The ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to valvular tissue and does not specify the cystoscopic instrument as the means axis uses AD (endoscopic), while the SNOMED concept is narrowly defined as valve destruction." }] }, { "code" : "176162009", "display" : "Cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral (cystoscopic) destruction of bladder lesions, which semantically matches the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the laser technique at the category level (laser would be an extension means), making the ICHI code broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1348332002", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4JJ6 \"Cytology\" is the closest ICHI match for cytopathology, as both relate to cell-level examination for diagnostic purposes; however, ICHI \"Cytology\" is broader in that it does not specifically denote the pathological/diagnostic interpretation aspect implied by \"cytopathology procedure,\" which also encompasses techniques beyond cytology alone." }] }, { "code" : "77896007", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, cell block and smear preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for the specific laboratory technique of preparing a cell block and smear; XG4JJ6 \"Cytology\" is a supplementary/extension code that broadly covers cytological examination. The SNOMED concept specifies a dual preparation method (cell block plus smear), making the ICHI code considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "7613004", "display" : "Dacryoadenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dacryoadenotomy is incision specifically of the lacrimal gland; ICHI has no code for incision of the lacrimal gland alone, so BAD.FA.AA (incision of the broader lacrimal apparatus) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus rather than the gland specifically." }] }, { "code" : "29634001", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy via internal approach with laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.LI.AA covers dacryocystorhinostomy in general (open approach), and BAD.LI.AD covers the endoscopic variant; neither code specifies a laser-assisted internal/endonasal approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the laser means or internal approach specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "86494003", "display" : "de Grandmont operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The de Grandmont operation is a tarsectomy — excision of the tarsal plate of the eyelid for correction of entropion or ptosis — which is a partial excision of the eyelid structure; BAA.JJ.AA (partial excision of eyelid) is the closest match but is broader, covering any partial eyelid excision without specifying the tarsal plate target or the functional indication." }] }, { "code" : "55047003", "display" : "Debridement of compound fracture of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.JG.AA is the correct target (skull) and action (JG = debridement) combination; however, the ICHI code does not specify that the context is a compound (open) fracture, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to that specific injury scenario." }] }, { "code" : "19780006", "display" : "Debridement of infection of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue with incision but does not encode the \"infection\" qualifier that is part of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader. The NEC code is used because the SNOMED concept is not specific to any body region, and none of the region-specific skin debridement codes fully captures a site-unspecified infected skin debridement." }] }, { "code" : "84258003", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of bone, except facial bones", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no code that restricts bone debridement to non-facial bones specifically; MRB.JG.AA covers bone debridement at any unspecified site and does not encode the \"open fracture\" context or the facial bone exclusion, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "54459001", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The anatomical target (hand/finger bone) aligns well, but ICHI does not encode the \"open fracture\" clinical context, so the ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any bone debridement of the hand regardless of fracture type." }] }, { "code" : "31061008", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of humerus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The anatomical target (humerus) is a precise match, but ICHI does not specify the \"open fracture\" clinical context, making the ICHI code applicable to any humerus debridement and therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449684003", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code covering bone debridement across the entire lower limb; the available codes are per bone segment (femur, tibia/fibula, foot/toe). MRB.JG.AA (unspecified site) is the best available broader code, as it captures bone debridement without the open fracture qualifier or lower limb restriction." }] }, { "code" : "70580003", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radius is one of the two forearm bones, so ICHI's \"bone of forearm\" target encompasses both radius and ulna without distinguishing between them. The open fracture context (which drives the clinical indication for debridement) is not represented in the ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "37596006", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulna is the second forearm bone and ICHI's \"bone of forearm\" target covers both forearm bones without individual specification. As with the radius concept, the open fracture context is absent from the ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "85572001", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture, carpal or metacarpal", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carpal and metacarpal bones are anatomically located in the hand, and ICHI groups them under \"bone of hand or finger,\" which also includes phalanges (finger bones) not intended by the SNOMED concept. The open fracture specification is again absent, so the ICHI code is broader on both the target and clinical context axes." }] }, { "code" : "412760005", "display" : "Debulking of lower eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Debulking of the lower eyelid is a volume-reducing excision procedure on the eyelid; ICHI codes at the general eyelid level without distinguishing upper from lower eyelid, and \"local excision of lesion\" is broader than the cytoreductive/debulking concept." }] }, { "code" : "448031005", "display" : "Debulking of neoplasm of abdominal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JI.AA", "display" : "Excision of intra-abdominal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Excision of intra-abdominal lesion\" covers the same anatomical site and surgical action, but does not capture the partial/cytoreductive nature of debulking (which leaves residual tumour intentionally) and does not specify \"neoplasm\"." }] }, { "code" : "447376003", "display" : "Debulking of neoplasm of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Local excision of a spinal cord lesion corresponds anatomically and procedurally, but ICHI does not convey the partial/cytoreductive intent of debulking nor restrict the target to a neoplasm." }] }, { "code" : "736737004", "display" : "Debulking of scapular flap of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Flap debulking/thinning is fundamentally a soft-tissue reduction procedure; \"Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb\" best captures this intent and the lower-limb site, though it does not specify the foot, the flap origin, or the free-flap revision context." }] }, { "code" : "412759000", "display" : "Debulking of upper eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"debulking\" code; BAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of eyelid) is the closest structural match as debulking involves removing a portion of tissue. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish upper from lower eyelid and covers any form of partial excision rather than debulking specifically." }] }, { "code" : "232833002", "display" : "Decalcification of implanted aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated decalcification procedure; decalcification of an implanted valve is a specific form of valve repair, so HDE.MK.AA is the most appropriate parent concept. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of aortic valve repair, not just decalcification of a prosthetic valve." }] }, { "code" : "232866003", "display" : "Decalcification of implanted pulmonary valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pulmonary valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the aortic valve concept, ICHI lacks a specific decalcification code; decalcification of an implanted pulmonary valve falls under the broader category of pulmonary valve repair. HDG.MK.AA is the most precise available match, but it covers all pulmonary valve repairs rather than this specific intervention." }] }, { "code" : "232942008", "display" : "Decalcification of implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no decalcification-specific code for any valve; HDI.MK.AA (Repair of truncal valve) is the best available match as decalcification of an implanted valve is a form of repair. The ICHI code is broader, covering all types of truncal valve repair rather than this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "231071008", "display" : "Decompression of anterior interosseous nerve in forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.FC.AA covers release (decompression) of any peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific, identifying the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm as the target, whereas the ICHI code applies to all peripheral nerves without site or nerve specificity." }] }, { "code" : "405306003", "display" : "Decompression of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.FC.AA represents release/decompression of an unspecified blood vessel and is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it covers all blood vessels (veins and arteries), while also being a residual \"NEC\" category rather than an artery-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "175180005", "display" : "Decompression of cardiac tamponade", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JB.AE", "display" : "Pericardiocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pericardiocentesis (percutaneous needle drainage of the pericardial space) is the primary and most common procedure for relieving cardiac tamponade, making it the best ICHI match; however, the ICHI code represents only the percutaneous approach and does not cover surgical (open) drainage methods also encompassed by the SNOMED concept, nor does it encode the tamponade indication." }] }, { "code" : "328895009", "display" : "Decompression of common bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"decompression\" term for the bile duct, but drainage is the functional equivalent procedure performed to relieve biliary obstruction/pressure. The ICHI code covers all bile duct drainage rather than being specific to the common bile duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171481008", "display" : "Decompression of foramen magnum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Foramen magnum decompression (e.g., for Chiari malformation) is surgically performed by suboccipital craniectomy — removal of the posterior rim of the foramen magnum — which maps to ICHI craniectomy. The ICHI code is broader as craniectomy covers any cranial bone removal, not specifically at the foramen magnum." }] }, { "code" : "24933008", "display" : "Decompression of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.FA.AA", "display" : "Pericardiotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Decompression of heart\" most commonly refers to surgical relief of cardiac tamponade via pericardiotomy (incision of the pericardium). ICHI's pericardiotomy code is the closest structural match, though the SNOMED term is broader and could also encompass pericardiocentesis (HFF.JB.AE); pericardiotomy is the surgical archetype of cardiac decompression." }] }, { "code" : "81005001", "display" : "Decompression of imperforate anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Decompression of imperforate anus involves incising or opening the obstructed anal outlet to establish bowel continuity, which maps most closely to incision of anus and perianal tissue. ICHI does not have a specific code for imperforate anus repair/decompression, so this is the best available match, though the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the congenital anomaly context." }] }, { "code" : "239435000", "display" : "Decompression of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Decompression of a joint typically involves relieving pressure by draining fluid (aspiration/arthrocentesis), which corresponds to drainage of a joint. The unspecified-site code MRJ.JB.AA is used because the SNOMED concept is also non-site-specific; the ICHI code is slightly broader as drainage encompasses more than just decompression." }] }, { "code" : "37073001", "display" : "Decompression of labyrinth", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Labyrinthine decompression involves relieving endolymphatic pressure in the inner ear (labyrinth), most closely represented by drainage of inner ear (CCA.JB.AC); the endolymphatic shunt code (CCA.LI.AA) is an alternative but represents a more specific technique, while the SNOMED term covers the broader decompression concept. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all forms of inner ear drainage, not only pressure-relief procedures." }] }, { "code" : "66799000", "display" : "Decompression of lateral cutaneous femoral nerve of thigh", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (the nerve responsible for meralgia paresthetica); the closest match is the general \"Release of peripheral nerve\" code which covers the same surgical action (decompression/release) applied to any peripheral nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the nerve and the anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "47534009", "display" : "Decompression of median nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the median nerve; decompression of the median nerve (as in carpal tunnel release) maps to the general \"Release of peripheral nerve,\" which is broader as it applies to any peripheral nerve rather than the median nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "171876009", "display" : "Decompression of nerve via subclavian approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing the subclavian (infraclavicular) approach to nerve decompression, which is a specific surgical route typically used for brachial plexus or subclavian nerve decompression; mapping to the general \"Release of peripheral nerve\" captures the procedure type but loses the approach specificity encoded in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "59428000", "display" : "Decompression of plantar digital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the plantar digital nerve; \"Release of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.FC.AA) is the closest procedural match since decompression/release of a plantar digital nerve is a form of peripheral nerve release. The ICHI code is broader, covering release of any peripheral nerve rather than this specific nerve in the foot." }] }, { "code" : "1366582005", "display" : "Decompression of posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord and instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for the combined posterior fossa decompression with spinal cord release and instrumentation; \"Release of spinal cord\" (ABA.FC.AA) captures the central spinal cord decompression component but misses the posterior fossa (cranial) aspect and the instrumentation element, making it broader and incomplete relative to this multi-component SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231072001", "display" : "Decompression of posterior interosseous nerve in forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the posterior interosseous nerve (a deep branch of the radial nerve in the forearm); \"Release of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.FC.AA) is the best available match as decompression of this nerve is a peripheral nerve release procedure. The ICHI code covers all peripheral nerves, not this specific forearm nerve." }] }, { "code" : "300010007", "display" : "Decompression of radial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specific to radial nerve decompression; \"Release of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.FC.AA) is the best procedural match since radial nerve decompression is a form of peripheral nerve release. The ICHI code is broader, applying to any peripheral nerve rather than the radial nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1366648005", "display" : "Decompression of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Release of spinal canal\" (ABG.FC.AA) captures the decompression of the spinal canal structure, which is the anatomical target of spinal decompression procedures. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any mechanism of spinal canal release, while the SNOMED concept is general across all spine levels and implicitly includes both osseous and neural elements not fully specified by the canal target alone." }] }, { "code" : "47388000", "display" : "Decompression of tarsal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal tunnel decompression surgically releases the tibial nerve (a peripheral nerve) at the ankle, and ACA.FC.AA \"Release of peripheral nerve\" is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers release of any peripheral nerve at any site, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the tibial nerve at the tarsal tunnel of the ankle." }] }, { "code" : "24274003", "display" : "Decompression of tendon or tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of tendon of unspecified site\" (MRT.FC.AA) corresponds well to tendon/tendon sheath decompression — ICHI action FC (release) maps directly to surgical decompression/freeing. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify whether the target is the tendon itself or the sheath, and encompasses any anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "77135006", "display" : "Decompression of trigeminal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.FC.AA (release of cranial nerve) captures the action correctly; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any cranial nerve and does not specify the trigeminal root specifically. An extension code for the trigeminal nerve (XA72G0) could be appended for greater specificity." }] }, { "code" : "274000001", "display" : "Decompression of ulnar nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulnar nerve is a peripheral nerve, and ACA.FC.AA (release of peripheral nerve) semantically matches the decompression/release action; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any peripheral nerve, not specifically the ulnar nerve. An extension code for the ulnar nerve (XA2AS2) could narrow the specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1288015005", "display" : "Decompressive craniectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.JJ.AA (Craniectomy) describes the same procedure — removal of a portion of skull — but does not encode the decompressive intent that distinguishes this from other craniectomies (e.g. for tumour access); the ICHI code is therefore broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1255386001", "display" : "Decreased oxalate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A decreased-oxalate diet is a specific therapeutic dietary prescription targeting reduction of dietary oxalate intake (e.g., for kidney stone prevention or hyperoxaluria); ICHI UAB.TI.ZZ \"Prescription of food\" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any prescribed food modification without specifying the oxalate-restricted nature or the clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "669321000168101", "display" : "Defense force pre-deployment health screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pre-deployment health screen for defence force personnel is a structured general health assessment performed before deployment; ICHI PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" captures the broad clinical activity but does not encode the occupational/military context or the pre-deployment purpose, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1359940004", "display" : "Defibulation of labia minora during second stage of labor to facilitate vaginal delivery of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Defibulation (reversal of female genital cutting/infibulation) of the labia minora performed intrapartum is best represented by NMI.FC.AA \"Release of vulva,\" as defibulation is a release/division of fused or closed vulval tissue; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the intrapartum timing, the specific substructure (labia minora), or the obstetric purpose of facilitating delivery." }] }, { "code" : "65378009", "display" : "Delayed repair of episiotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delayed repair of an episiotomy is a repair of the perineum/episiotomy wound performed after a deliberate delay (as opposed to immediate primary closure); PAW.MK.AA \"Repair of perineum\" covers the surgical repair but is broader because it does not distinguish the episiotomy-specific anatomy or the \"delayed\" (secondary repair) timing from any other perineal repair." }] }, { "code" : "2321005", "display" : "Delivery by Ritgen maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Ritgen maneuver is a specific perineal guarding technique used during the second stage of vaginal delivery to control head extension and protect the perineum. ICHI's \"Vaginal delivery\" (NME.JF.AC) captures the procedure class but does not encode this specific manual technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "408819007", "display" : "Delivery of placenta by maternal effort", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delivery of the placenta by maternal effort (physiological third stage) is a component of the vaginal delivery process. ICHI's NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery as a whole and does not separately classify the mode of placental expulsion, making it broader; NMM.JE.AC (manual removal of retained placenta) is explicitly for retained placenta and would be a wrong match here." }] }, { "code" : "56620000", "display" : "Delivery of placenta following delivery of infant outside of hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes an out-of-hospital placental delivery event following an unplanned out-of-hospital birth; the setting (outside hospital) and the specific event (placental delivery) are both granular details absent in ICHI. NME.JF.AC is the closest applicable code but is considerably broader, covering vaginal delivery without regard to setting or specific stage." }] }, { "code" : "410539008", "display" : "Delivery place booking", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Birth planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Delivery place booking\" is a specific administrative act of reserving a birth facility, while \"Birth planning\" in ICHI is a broader concept encompassing all planning related to childbirth functions. No ICHI code exists for the administrative/logistic act of booking a delivery location specifically." }] }, { "code" : "18723003", "display" : "Demand pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Demand pacing is a specific pacemaker operating mode (sensing-inhibited/triggered), whereas ICHI's \"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" covers all post-implant device management without distinguishing pacing modes. No ICHI code specifies demand (inhibited) pacing as distinct from other pacing modes." }] }, { "code" : "81705005", "display" : "Denervation of aortic body", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The aortic body (para-aortic chemoreceptor organ) is innervated by peripheral nerve fibres, and denervation constitutes destruction of those fibres; however, ICHI's code covers destruction of any peripheral nerve without specificity to the aortic body target. No ICHI code exists for denervation of the aortic body or chemoreceptor organ specifically." }] }, { "code" : "698613000", "display" : "Dengue fever outbreak education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBQ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about animal vectors of disease", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease transmitted by mosquitoes (animal vectors), so education about dengue fever outbreaks fits within ICHI's \"Education about animal vectors of disease.\" The ICHI code is broader as it covers all vector-borne diseases and is not specific to dengue or outbreak contexts." }] }, { "code" : "77180007", "display" : "Denis-Browne splint strapping", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Denis-Browne splint strapping is a specific orthopedic technique used for clubfoot correction, involving a bar-and-boots splint secured with strapping to the feet. ICHI's PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint NEC, which is broader than this specific device and technique, making it the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "34043003", "display" : "Dental consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental consultation and report encompasses clinical assessment, history-taking, and documentation, which maps most closely to KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) within the \"Interventions on teeth\" block. ICHI does not have a specific code for consultation with written report, so this broader dental examination code is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "234774008", "display" : "Dental try-in", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental try-in is a prosthodontic step where a denture or restoration framework is placed in the mouth to assess fit and aesthetics before final fabrication. KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader and intended for ongoing management of appliances rather than a specific fabrication trial step." }] }, { "code" : "73007006", "display" : "Dermatology consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specialty-specific consultation code; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) covers the clinical assessment encounter component of a dermatology consultation but is broader because it is not limited to dermatology and does not encompass the report/documentation element." }] }, { "code" : "112840007", "display" : "Dermodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dermodesis is a surgical procedure that anchors or fixes skin (e.g., to correct blepharoptosis or loose skin), which maps directly to the LC (fixation) action on skin targets; the ICHI code is wider because it is not site-specific, whereas the SNOMED concept can refer to a specific anatomical application." }] }, { "code" : "177056005", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of broad ligament of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the broad ligament specifically; the closest code is NME.GA.AA, which covers destruction of the uterus and its supporting structures (which includes the broad ligament). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all uterine supporting structures rather than the broad ligament alone." }] }, { "code" : "25444001", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of choroid by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.AH is the best available match — it covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment of the eyeball, which semantically encompasses destruction of a choroidal lesion. However, the ICHI code is broader (it does not specify the means as diathermy), and it also covers retinal lesions, making it slightly wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically choroid + diathermy." }] }, { "code" : "173445003", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction anywhere in the oral cavity (NEC), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the floor of mouth. ICHI has no code targeting the floor of mouth as a distinct subsite, so the oral cavity NEC code is the best available but is anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "307366000", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of ileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ileostomy is a surgical stoma of the ileum (a segment of the small intestine), so KBK.GA.AA — destruction of a lesion of the small intestine NEC — is the most anatomically appropriate match. ICHI has no code specific to a stoma site, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1299162005", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of large intestine using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.GA.AA is the best structural match for laser destruction of a large intestine lesion; ICHI does not have a laser-specific means variant for this target, and the code also covers tissue (not only lesions), making it slightly broader. The endoscopic variant KBP.GA.AD could be considered if the route is endoscopic, but without that qualification KBP.GA.AA is the more general and appropriate choice." }] }, { "code" : "51069000", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes destruction of the nerve itself rather than a discrete lesion on a nerve, and ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the closest functional match. The code is broader both in that it covers the whole nerve (not a lesion) and that the SNOMED concept does not specify nerve type, though peripheral nerve is the most common clinical context for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "81214004", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of rectum by laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of rectal lesion or tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.GA.AC covers destruction of rectal lesion or tissue by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means. ICHI has no rectal laser-specific code, so the ICHI code is broader in that it does not constrain the means to laser." }] }, { "code" : "43111005", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of retina by implantation of radiation source", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.BA captures destruction of retinal/posterior-segment lesion using radiotherapy, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it covers all posterior ocular structures (not only retina) and any form of radiotherapy rather than specifically implanted radiation (brachytherapy)." }] }, { "code" : "450342000", "display" : "Destruction of sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"destruction of sympathetic nerve\" code; the sympathetic nerve block only contains location-specific excision codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral). ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the unspecified fallback for sympathetic nervous system interventions and is broader, as it does not specify destruction as the action." }] }, { "code" : "47400005", "display" : "Destruction of trigeminal ganglion by radiofrequency", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal ganglion (CN V) is a cranial nerve structure, and percutaneous radiofrequency is the standard approach for this procedure — matching the \"AE\" percutaneous means axis. However, the ICHI code covers any cranial nerve (not just trigeminal) and does not specify radiofrequency as the destructive means, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "59378002", "display" : "Destructive procedure of nose and nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of intranasal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers destructive procedures on both the nose and nasopharynx, whereas JAA.GA.AC is scoped only to intranasal (nose) tissue. No destruction code exists in the nasopharynx block (JAM) in ICHI, making this the closest available code but covering only part of the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "315314001", "display" : "Destructive procedure of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept encompasses destruction of the entire palate (both soft and hard), while KAS.GA.AC is restricted to the soft palate only; KAT.GA.AA covers the hard palate separately. No single ICHI code represents destruction of the palate as a whole, so the soft palate code is the best approximation of the most clinically common target, but the SNOMED concept is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "449923009", "display" : "Destructive procedure on lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to destructive procedures on the lower limb without tissue-type restriction, encompassing bone, joint, muscle, and vascular structures, whereas LAG.GA.AH is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb; it is the closest single ICHI code available but represents only a subset of the SNOMED concept's scope." }] }, { "code" : "443529005", "display" : "Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in prenatal amniotic fluid specimen using FISH screening technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.AE", "display" : "Amniocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the specimen-collection step (amniocentesis — percutaneous sampling of the amniotic sac) but does not encode the downstream FISH cytogenetic analysis or the specific chromosomal aneuploidy target; the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, covering both the sampling procedure and the laboratory analytical technique applied to the specimen." }] }, { "code" : "1156333005", "display" : "Determination of subject's care preferences", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Individualised planning\" is a broader concept covering the development of a personalised health plan for a whole person, which encompasses but is not limited to eliciting and documenting care preferences; ICHI lacks a dedicated code for the specific act of determining patient treatment or care wishes." }] }, { "code" : "1343698007", "display" : "Development of behavior change plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Individualised planning\" under \"Interventions on whole person\" is the structurally closest ICHI concept, covering the creation of a personalised health action plan; however, it is broader than the specific act of developing a behaviour change plan and does not target the health-behaviour domain explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "401191002", "display" : "Diabetic foot examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for foot examination; the closest assignable code is the residual \"physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified,\" which is broader than the SNOMED concept in both anatomical specificity (any body site vs. foot) and clinical context (no diabetes-specific qualifier)." }] }, { "code" : "181695006", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration curettage of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Suction curettage of uterus\" captures the aspiration/suction curettage technique on the correct anatomical target, but does not encode the \"diagnostic\" purpose that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a therapeutic procedure; the ICHI code is therefore broader in clinical intent." }] }, { "code" : "1255919007", "display" : "Dilute bleach bath therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dilute bleach (sodium hypochlorite) bath is a topical antiseptic/antimicrobial application to skin, best captured by LZZ.DB.AH (external application of substance to skin, NEC); ICHI does not have a specific code for bleach-bath immersion therapy, so the best match is this broader residual category covering substance application to unspecified skin site." }] }, { "code" : "1683003", "display" : "Direct closure of laceration of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.MK.AA covers repair of conjunctiva broadly, which encompasses direct suture closure of a laceration; ICHI does not further specify the repair technique (direct closure vs. graft) or the type of wound (laceration), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180325003", "display" : "Direct current cardioversion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia without specifying the means (electrical vs. pharmacological), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the external electrical (DC shock) method; the ICHI code is therefore broader, but it is the only ICHI assignable code in the conducting system block that represents this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "308842001", "display" : "Direct current defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia\" covers the functional goal (restoring normal rhythm) but is broader than DC defibrillation specifically — it does not encode the direct current electrical modality or distinguish it from chemical/other cardioversion methods. No more specific defibrillation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "405672008", "display" : "Direct questioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"direct questioning\" code; the closest concept is an interview targeting the whole person (PZB.AN.ZZ), which covers the act of obtaining information via structured verbal interaction, but it is broader and does not capture the specific directed-question technique implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "1351336003", "display" : "Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for laser trabeculoplasty; the trabecular meshwork is a structure of the anterior chamber, and laser trabeculoplasty is a form of targeted destruction within that compartment, making BBE.GA.AH the best available match — though it is considerably broader, covering any modality of anterior chamber destruction." }] }, { "code" : "81078003", "display" : "Disability evaluation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated disability evaluation code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest structural fit as a whole-person assessment procedure, but it covers any general health assessment, not specifically disability or functional capacity evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "306383002", "display" : "Discharge by counselor", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 is the only discharge-related code in ICHI and represents the discharge planning process as an administrative/nature-of-intervention extension code; ICHI does not differentiate discharge by professional type (counselor, psychologist, midwife, etc.), making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306525007", "display" : "Discharge by educational psychologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 is the only discharge code in ICHI and captures the discharge planning concept without any distinction for the type of clinician (educational psychologist) performing the discharge." }] }, { "code" : "439141002", "display" : "Discharge by mental health primary care worker", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 covers discharge planning generically; ICHI has no mechanism to specify the practitioner role (mental health primary care worker) associated with the discharge act, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410425006", "display" : "Discipline case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Case coordination in ICHI covers the broad activity of organising and linking services for an individual, which encompasses discipline-specific case management; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to a single clinical discipline, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes management within a particular discipline's scope." }] }, { "code" : "410284006", "display" : "Discipline education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ captures the counselling component of this multi-component concept and sits on the whole-person level without discipline restriction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically combines education, guidance, and counselling within a discipline's scope; no single ICHI code unifies education, advising, and counselling in one." }] }, { "code" : "223488008", "display" : "Discussion about changes in lifestyle", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VE1.PN.ZZ covers advising about lifestyle behaviours broadly, the closest ICHI action to a clinician-led discussion aimed at prompting lifestyle change; however, the ICHI code is broader because \"advising\" encompasses more than a focused discussion about change, and \"unspecified\" covers all lifestyle domains rather than a specific change agenda." }] }, { "code" : "699230004", "display" : "Discussion about domestic abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBB.PN.ZZ covers advising about family and partner violence behaviours, the closest ICHI construct to a clinical discussion about domestic abuse. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full behaviour-change intervention domain (not just a discussion), and \"family and partner violence\" is slightly wider than the narrower SNOMED concept of domestic abuse specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445033007", "display" : "Discussion about ideal body weight", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions related to weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTN.PN.ZZ captures a clinical interaction focused on weight management, aligning well with a discussion about ideal body weight. The ICHI code is slightly broader because \"weight management functions\" encompasses the full spectrum of weight-related advising, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to ideal body weight as a topic of discussion." }] }, { "code" : "703521002", "display" : "Discussion about partner or spouse relationship", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSM.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in intimate relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSM.PP.ZZ covers counselling interventions targeting intimate relationships (partner/spouse), aligning well with a discussion specifically about a partner or spousal relationship. The ICHI code is slightly broader because \"intimate relationships\" encompasses all intimate dyads and is not restricted to a single discussion episode." }] }, { "code" : "223470000", "display" : "Discussion about signs and symptoms", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for discussing signs and symptoms; the closest clinical equivalent is a whole-person interview, which encompasses history-taking including signs and symptoms but is broader in scope. No SGD \"discussion\" target code addresses clinical symptom content." }] }, { "code" : "473187007", "display" : "Discussion about vaginal bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code for a discussion specifically about vaginal bleeding; the closest clinical encounter code is the general whole-person interview, which is substantially broader and does not capture the gynaecological specificity. Vaginal bleeding in ICHI only appears as a target of procedural haemostatic interventions, not clinical discussions." }] }, { "code" : "70930004", "display" : "Disease condition determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Disease condition determination\" equates to establishing a clinical diagnosis, and the closest ICHI code is the general health assessment of the whole person; this is broader because it encompasses the full assessment process rather than the specific act of determining a diagnosis, and ICHI has no dedicated \"diagnosis\" or \"condition determination\" action code." }] }, { "code" : "1236972005", "display" : "Disinfection of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AH covers external application of any substance to skin (NEC), which is the structural action closest to applying an antiseptic/disinfectant to skin; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all topical substance applications, not specifically antisepsis or disinfection." }] }, { "code" : "449317006", "display" : "Dispensing of contact lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for contact lens dispensing; the nearest match is UAD.RD.ZZ — providing goods (assistive products/technology) for personal use in daily living — which captures the act of supplying an optical device but is considerably broader, covering all personal daily-living products rather than contact lenses specifically." }] }, { "code" : "440298008", "display" : "Dispensing of pharmaceutical/biologic product", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Providing medications\" (UAC.RD.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept to pharmaceutical/biologic dispensing, sitting in the \"Interventions on medicaments\" block. However, ICHI's term is broader — it covers general provision of medications without specifically denoting the dispensing act performed by a pharmacist, and \"biologic products\" are not distinguished from medications in this code." }] }, { "code" : "232551006", "display" : "Displacement of vocal cord with biological graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for vocal cord medialization/displacement with graft specifically; the best available match is \"Reconstruction of larynx\" (JAN.ML.AA), which encompasses laryngeal framework surgery including thyroplasty with graft materials. This code is broader as it covers any laryngeal reconstruction, not just vocal cord displacement with a biological graft specifically." }] }, { "code" : "708019002", "display" : "Displacement of vocal cord with non-biological graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the biological graft variant, no dedicated ICHI code distinguishes vocal cord displacement by graft material type; \"Reconstruction of larynx\" (JAN.ML.AA) is the best available fit. The graft material distinction (non-biological vs biological) is not captured in ICHI, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "870390003", "display" : "Dissection of fissure of Sylvius", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of brain tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) is a brain structure and its dissection — typically performed as a surgical approach step during intracranial procedures — is best captured by \"Division of brain tissue\" (AAA.FB.AA) in the \"Interventions on brain\" block. This is wider because ICHI does not have a code specific to the Sylvian fissure or arachnoid dissection along that cleft." }] }, { "code" : "173430005", "display" : "Dissection tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JK.AC", "display" : "Tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single combined code for tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy; the two procedures are coded separately as DAA.JK.AC (Tonsillectomy) and DAB.JK.AC (Adenoidectomy). Mapping to the tonsillectomy code alone means the ICHI code is broader in the sense that it captures only part of the SNOMED concept, omitting the adenoidectomy component." }] }, { "code" : "230958000", "display" : "Division of glossopharyngeal nerve in tonsillar fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve IX, so AAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve) is the correct structural category but covers all cranial nerves, not specifically CN IX in the tonsillar fossa. ICHI does not encode the specific nerve identity or the tonsillar fossa approach at this level of detail." }] }, { "code" : "210098006", "display" : "Domiciliary or rest home patient evaluation and management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest available ICHI code for a comprehensive patient evaluation, but ICHI has no concept encoding the place of service (domiciliary/rest home) or the management component distinct from assessment. The ICHI code is thus broader, capturing only the assessment dimension without the setting specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1187106001", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Doppler ultrasonography is a technique used across many anatomical targets, but ICHI encodes ultrasound (means BJ) per specific target organ/vessel. IZE.BA.BJ is the most generic vessel-level ultrasound code available, though it is still vessel-specific rather than a technique-only code; the unspecified residual nature (\"not elsewhere classified\") makes it the best available match for the generic concept." }] }, { "code" : "313006001", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of fetal heart for heart sounds", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to fetal cardiac Doppler; NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal structure using ultrasound means (.BJ), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the fetal heart specifically for Doppler heart-sound assessment." }] }, { "code" : "439858009", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of heart tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Echocardiography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tissue Doppler imaging is a specific echocardiographic modality assessing myocardial velocity, but ICHI does not distinguish it from general echocardiography; HZZ.BA.BJ is the best available code and subsumes all cardiac ultrasound techniques including tissue Doppler." }] }, { "code" : "12826007", "display" : "Dorrance operation, push-back operation for cleft palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Dorrance push-back palatoplasty is a specific technique for cleft palate repair that primarily repositions soft palate musculature; KAS.ML.AA (reconstruction of soft palate) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any soft palate reconstruction regardless of technique or aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "172619007", "display" : "Drainage of hematoma of pinna and insertion of bolster sutures", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of auricle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pinna and auricle are anatomically synonymous, and CAC.JB.AA captures the dominant drainage component of the procedure. However, ICHI does not represent the additional step of bolster suture insertion, making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281755000", "display" : "Drainage of infected ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific ganglion drainage code; the soft tissue (unspecified site) drainage code best accommodates this procedure since ganglion cysts can occur at various anatomical sites and SNOMED does not specify location. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the ganglion target or the infected/inflammatory context." }] }, { "code" : "174403009", "display" : "Drainage of pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pilonidal sinus is located in the sacrococcygeal region of the trunk, making LAB.JB.AA the best anatomical fit. ICHI does not have a specific pilonidal sinus code, so the trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage code is wider, capturing neither the specific sinus type nor the pilonidal pathology." }] }, { "code" : "836451004", "display" : "Drainage of seroma of left breast using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Catheter-based seroma drainage of the breast is a percutaneous drainage procedure, making LCA.JB.AE the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the seroma-specific pathology, the catheter as means, or the laterality (left)." }] }, { "code" : "836452006", "display" : "Drainage of seroma of right breast using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical procedural logic to 836451004; the catheter-based seroma drainage maps to percutaneous breast drainage. Laterality (right) is not encoded in the base ICHI code but can be appended using an ICHI extension code for laterality." }] }, { "code" : "33899008", "display" : "Drainage of spleen by marsupialization", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (spleen) and action (drainage) but does not encode the specific technique of marsupialization, which involves creating a pouch to maintain drainage; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445337000", "display" : "Drilling and filling of cavity of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" in ICHI corresponds to the clinical concept of drilling and filling a dental cavity, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all restorative approaches (composite, amalgam, inlay, etc.) without specifying the drill-and-fill technique." }] }, { "code" : "117253005", "display" : "Drug screen test method", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAC.AC.ZZ represents a test targeting illicit drug use behaviours at the behavioural/public-health level, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on the laboratory test method (e.g., immunoassay urine screen); the ICHI code does not specify the biological specimen, analyte, or analytical technique that \"drug screen test method\" implies." }] }, { "code" : "416608005", "display" : "Drug therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Drug therapy\" as a concept encompasses the full act of pharmacological treatment, whereas ICHI's code covers only the act of administering the drug without specifying route; ICHI has no single code representing drug therapy as a broad clinical category." }] }, { "code" : "225138008", "display" : "Drying skin creases", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drying skin creases is a specific nursing/personal hygiene task applied to skin folds, which falls within the ICHI domain of hands-on body care; SMC.RA.ZZ covers performing any body-part care task, making it broader than this specific skin-crease drying act, but it is the closest ICHI code in scope and conceptual domain." }] }, { "code" : "440496005", "display" : "Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DEXA is a specialised dual-energy X-ray technique primarily used to measure bone mineral density across the whole body, while ICHI's PZA.BA.BA represents plain X-ray of the whole body without capturing the dual-energy absorptiometry technique; the target (whole body) is correct but the means is not specific to DEXA, making ICHI broader and less precise." }] }, { "code" : "182976004", "display" : "Dual therapy Helicobacter pylori", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "H. pylori dual therapy is a specific two-drug antibiotic prescribing regimen to eradicate H. pylori infection; ICHI has no code for H. pylori eradication or specific antibiotic regimen, and PZX.TI.ZZ captures only the generic act of prescribing pharmacotherapy with no specificity for the organism, the regimen type, or the body target." }] }, { "code" : "410331005", "display" : "Durable medical equipment case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.SM.ZZ covers management of assistive/personal-use products and technology, which is the closest ICHI concept to managing durable medical equipment; however it is broader because it encompasses all personal-use products and technology, not only durable medical equipment specifically, and does not capture the \"case management\" care-coordination dimension of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410286008", "display" : "Durable medical equipment education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.PM.ZZ is the best available match as it addresses patient education about assistive/personal-use products and technology, directly paralleling education about durable medical equipment; it is wider because the target is all personal-use products and technology rather than durable medical equipment specifically, and it does not fully encompass the guidance and counselling dimensions (separate ICHI codes UAD.PN.ZZ and UAD.PP.ZZ would be needed to represent those aspects)." }] }, { "code" : "252171003", "display" : "Dynamic endocrine function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETK.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it represents assessment (the AA action axis) of endocrine gland functions, which aligns with a dynamic endocrine function test; it is wider because it covers all assessments of endocrine gland function rather than specifically dynamic/stimulation or suppression testing, and the ICHI code does not distinguish between static and dynamic test paradigms." }] }, { "code" : "229550002", "display" : "Dynamic splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for dynamic splinting (a technique using spring-loaded or elastic force to maintain progressive joint motion); the closest match is the generic \"Application of cast or splint, NEC\" code, which is broader because it covers all splint application types without distinguishing dynamic from static techniques." }] }, { "code" : "36714002", "display" : "Ear pedicle graft preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pedicle graft preparation of the ear; \"Reconstruction of auricle of ear\" is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader — it covers all auricle reconstruction techniques, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes preparation of a pedicle (tube) flap graft as a staged procedure step." }] }, { "code" : "410241005", "display" : "Ear wax removal assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "CZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code specifically for assessing ear wax (cerumen) or its removal; this SNOMED concept is a pre-procedure evaluation, and \"Assessment of ear, NEC\" is the broadest applicable ear assessment code — it is wider because it covers any ear assessment, not just cerumen/wax removal evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "113028003", "display" : "Ear, nose and throat examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains individual examination codes for ear structures and for nasal/respiratory assessments, but no combined ENT examination code; the generic \"Physical examination of a body site, NEC\" is the best available single code, which is wider as it applies to any body site rather than specifically to ear, nose, and throat together." }] }, { "code" : "302775008", "display" : "Ear, nose and throat tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the ENT examination concept above, ICHI has no combined ENT testing code; individual codes exist for hearing tests (CTB.AC.ZZ), nasal provocation tests, and voice tests, but the multi-system ENT scope of this SNOMED concept maps most broadly to \"Physical examination of a body site, NEC,\" which is wider since it encompasses any site and does not distinguish testing from examination." }] }, { "code" : "439101000124101", "display" : "Easy to chew diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI code in the \"Interventions on food\" block; it covers any purposeful alteration of food properties, which includes texture modification such as an easy-to-chew diet, but is broader since it encompasses all types of food modification rather than specifically texture/chew-based modification." }] }, { "code" : "710899008", "display" : "Education about adaptation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adaptation techniques in occupational therapy and rehabilitation are taught to enable patients to perform self-care and daily activities despite limitations; SM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified) is the most applicable ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specifically convey the instruction of compensatory or adaptive strategies, only education related to self-care in general." }] }, { "code" : "1281853006", "display" : "Education about career fairs", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Career fairs are a specific mechanism for connecting individuals to employment opportunities, which falls within the work and employment domain of ICHI. SU2.PM.ZZ is broader — it covers all education about work and employment engagement, not specifically career fair participation as a route to employment." }] }, { "code" : "1148687006", "display" : "Education about cessation of e-cigarette use", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "E-cigarettes are nicotine/tobacco products, and VAB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting all tobacco use behaviours including vaping and e-cigarette cessation. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all tobacco products, not e-cigarettes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1268727008", "display" : "Education about charitable organization", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of associations and organisational services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Charitable organizations are a specific type of association under the broader ICHI target of \"associations and organisational services, systems and policies,\" making UEK.PM.ZZ the best structural fit. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all associational/organisational services, not just charitable entities." }] }, { "code" : "725266001", "display" : "Education about choosing appropriate clothing", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about dressing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In ICHI, \"dressing\" (SME) is the self-care activity of putting on and selecting clothing, which closely aligns with choosing appropriate clothing. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers the full dressing activity rather than being limited to the selection/appropriateness aspect." }] }, { "code" : "1155837006", "display" : "Education about clinical pathway", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A clinical pathway is a specific health service/organisational tool, and UEP.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code covering education within the health services domain. The ICHI code is considerably broader, encompassing all health services, systems, and policies rather than clinical pathways specifically." }] }, { "code" : "710822009", "display" : "Education about community services", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Community services\" in health education contexts aligns most closely with general social support services, systems and policies in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the broader domain of social support services including systems and policies, not just community services as discrete entities a patient might access." }] }, { "code" : "706986008", "display" : "Education about complication of treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education in looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for educating a patient about complications of their treatment; the closest available code covers education in self-care and looking after one's health broadly, which subsumes but substantially exceeds the narrower SNOMED concept of treatment complication education." }] }, { "code" : "58911000087107", "display" : "Education about conflict management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Conflict management is a psychological coping skill that falls within the domain of handling psychological demands; however, SDJ.PM.ZZ is broader, encompassing all forms of stress and psychological demands rather than conflict management specifically." }] }, { "code" : "713379006", "display" : "Education about dehydration", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dehydration is a disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, making ETE.PM.ZZ the most specific and appropriate ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is wider as it also encompasses mineral and electrolyte balance disorders beyond dehydration alone." }] }, { "code" : "700414001", "display" : "Education about diabetes and driving", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about driving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Education about driving\" covers the driving education component of this concept but is broader, as it does not capture the disease-specific context (diabetes) that frames the safety advice. No ICHI code addresses education about driving in the context of a specific chronic condition." }] }, { "code" : "713217002", "display" : "Education about epilepsy and driving", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about driving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Education about driving\" captures the driving education action but does not encode the epilepsy-specific clinical context that characterises this SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for disease-specific driving safety education." }] }, { "code" : "1153557000", "display" : "Education about fatigue", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fatigue is the primary clinical expression of impaired energy and drive functions, making this the most semantically appropriate ICHI code; however, the ICHI code covers the broader functional domain (energy and drive functions as a whole) rather than fatigue as an isolated symptom." }] }, { "code" : "710893009", "display" : "Education about harmful pattern of substance use", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.PM.ZZ covers education targeting the full spectrum of substance-related and addictive behaviours without specifying a particular substance, which is a reasonable fit for the substance-agnostic SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's framing (\"to influence behaviours\") is broader than SNOMED's specific focus on harmful use patterns, and ICHI offers no code that isolates harmful/hazardous use specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1156521001", "display" : "Education about health service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.PM.ZZ is a near-direct match for educating individuals about health services; the ICHI title also encompasses systems and policies beyond a simple \"health service\", making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses on the service itself." }] }, { "code" : "741060000", "display" : "Education about home heating", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code targets home heating specifically; VCC.PM.ZZ under the \"home safety behaviours\" block is the closest match, as home heating education is a recognised component of home safety (carbon monoxide, fire risk, cold exposure), but the ICHI code covers the full breadth of home safety rather than heating alone." }] }, { "code" : "713098000", "display" : "Education about hospitalization", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hospitalization is a core component of health service delivery, so educating a patient about hospitalization falls within UEP.PM.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all health services, systems, and policies rather than the specific context of inpatient admission." }] }, { "code" : "1345171007", "display" : "Education about housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.PM.ZZ is the closest available match for education about housing; the ICHI code is somewhat broader because it is scoped to housing services, systems, and policies rather than housing as a living environment or determinant of health more generally." }] }, { "code" : "1258899008", "display" : "Education about job center", "target" : [{ "code" : "UER.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about labour and employment services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A job center is an institutional service within the labour and employment services domain, so UER.PM.ZZ (education about labour and employment services, systems and policies) encompasses the SNOMED concept but is broader, covering the full range of such services rather than job centers specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1256113001", "display" : "Education about language interpretation service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about communication services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Language interpretation services are a subset of communication services, systems and policies; UEG.PM.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI education code in this domain but covers communication services broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets interpretation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1148446004", "display" : "Education about legal aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Legal aid is a specific component of the legal services domain; UEJ.PM.ZZ covers education about legal services, systems and policies broadly, which is a wider concept than education about legal aid specifically, though it is the most precise ICHI code available for this mapping." }] }, { "code" : "737587001", "display" : "Education about lymphedema care", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no lymphedema-specific education code; the lymphatic system blocks contain only surgical/procedural interventions. SM1.PM.ZZ (self care education) is the nearest structural match, capturing the self-management dimension of lymphedema care, but covers all self-care domains rather than lymphedema specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1156522008", "display" : "Education about normal psychological response", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specifically for normalising or explaining expected psychological reactions. ATF.PM.ZZ addresses education about global psychosocial functions — the closest domain-level fit — but is broader in scope and does not capture the specific intent of reassuring patients about normal psychological responses to illness or stressful events." }] }, { "code" : "710682005", "display" : "Education about peristomal skin complications", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Stoma education, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.PM.ZZ covers general stoma education and is the closest available ICHI code, sitting under \"Interventions on other artificial body structures.\" It does not distinguish the specific focus on peristomal skin complications, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "472071000124100", "display" : "Education about program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Education about program\" in a clinical context most plausibly refers to patient education about a health programme or service; UEP.PM.ZZ is the nearest ICHI code but covers the full domain of health services, systems and policies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists for generic \"education about a programme.\"" }] }, { "code" : "1284867003", "display" : "Education about relaxation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Relaxation techniques are taught to manage stress and support psychological wellbeing; VEL.PM.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code as it targets the behaviour domain of psychological health and wellbeing. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses the full range of psychological wellbeing behaviours, not specifically relaxation technique instruction." }] }, { "code" : "710737001", "display" : "Education about risk reduction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Risk reduction techniques in clinical use most closely align with safety-related behaviour interventions in ICHI; VC1.PM.ZZ is the broadest applicable safety behaviour education code. It is wider than the SNOMED concept as it covers all safety-related behaviours without specifying a particular risk reduction technique." }] }, { "code" : "713096001", "display" : "Education about second hand smoke exposure", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Second-hand smoke (passive smoking) exposure education falls squarely within the ICHI tobacco use behaviour domain, and VAB.PM.ZZ is the specific education code in that block. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers tobacco use behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating regarding exposure to others' smoke rather than one's own tobacco use." }] }, { "code" : "59251000087107", "display" : "Education about self-management of emotional state", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.PM.ZZ covers education about emotional functions broadly, which encompasses self-management of emotional state. However, ICHI does not capture the self-management specificity — it is broader in scope than the SNOMED concept, which focuses specifically on the patient's own regulation of their emotional state." }] }, { "code" : "440313002", "display" : "Education about stimulus control behavior in insomnia", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEC.PM.ZZ targets sleep and rest behaviours broadly, which encompasses but is broader than stimulus control behaviour specifically for insomnia. ICHI has no code for this specific cognitive-behavioural insomnia technique, so the sleep-behaviours education code is the closest available match, capturing the behavioural and educational intent." }] }, { "code" : "1156869006", "display" : "Education about tenant rights organization", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenant rights are a specific subset of legal rights/services, and ICHI has no code narrower than its general legal services education category. UEJ.PM.ZZ captures the education action on the legal services domain but is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on tenant rights specifically." }] }, { "code" : "710895002", "display" : "Education about use of covering device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for education about covering devices (e.g., wound dressings, protective covers); UA1.PM.ZZ is the closest available code, covering education about any product or technology, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710896001", "display" : "Education about use of supporting device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for education about supporting devices (e.g., braces, orthoses, splints); UA1.PM.ZZ is the best available match as the general category for education about products and technology, which encompasses but is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440073003", "display" : "Education about vaginal birth after cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to childbirth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUG.PM.ZZ covers education about childbirth functions broadly; VBAC is a highly specific obstetric topic (trial of labour after prior caesarean) that ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "20991000175106", "display" : "Education for memory impairment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUB.PM.ZZ covers education about memory functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about education directed at a person with a memory impairment. The ICHI code does not restrict to an impairment context, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "20971000175105", "display" : "Education for reading impairment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCF.PM.ZZ covers education about reading as an activity, while the SNOMED concept is specifically targeted at a person with a reading impairment. The ICHI code is not restricted to impairment contexts, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "228115009", "display" : "Education provision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ST1", "display" : "Interventions on major life areas: education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Education provision\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the act of providing education without specifying a particular type or recipient. No single ICHI category code captures this generic sense; the organizational block BlockL4-ST1 (Interventions on major life areas: education) is the best fit as a wider grouping that contains all education-related interventions." }] }, { "code" : "1300110000", "display" : "Education toward completion of learning objectives of basic skills training program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SBQ.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in acquiring skills", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI targets the activity of acquiring skills generally, which aligns well with the purpose of a basic skills training program. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any skill acquisition, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to structured program completion toward defined learning objectives." }] }, { "code" : "1300111001", "display" : "Education toward completion of learning objectives of English as a second language program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SBD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in acquiring an additional language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SBD.PH.ZZ directly targets the activity of acquiring an additional (second/foreign) language, which is precisely the domain of an ESL program. It is wider because it covers any additional language rather than English specifically, and does not encode the program/objective-completion framing." }] }, { "code" : "1300102001", "display" : "Education toward completion of learning objectives of vocational education program", "target" : [{ "code" : "STF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in vocational training", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STF.PH.ZZ maps directly to the vocational training domain and represents the closest semantic match in ICHI. It is wider because it covers training support for vocational engagement broadly, without encoding the program structure or the specific objective-completion orientation of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1300109005", "display" : "Education toward completion of learning objectives of vocational rehabilitation program", "target" : [{ "code" : "STF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in vocational training", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STF.PM.ZZ covers education about vocational training as an activity/participation domain, which broadly aligns with educating a patient toward vocational rehabilitation goals. However, the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the rehabilitation program context or the learning-objectives framing inherent in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16775003", "display" : "Eikonometric examination including prescribing lenses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Eikonometry is a specialised test of retinal image size (a seeing function), and lens prescribing follows from the findings; BTB.AC.ZZ (test of seeing functions) is the best available ICHI match for the examination component. The code is wider because it does not capture the eikonometric specificity nor the prescribing of corrective lenses that is part of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177141003", "display" : "Elective cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA represents caesarean section delivery in general. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish elective (planned) from emergency caesarean section, so the SNOMED concept is a more specific subset of the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "698995008", "display" : "Elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for open surgical repair/reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, which is the operative intent in aneurysm repair. The code is wider because it does not specify aneurysm as the indication, the infrarenal location, the elective nature of the procedure, or the surgical approach (open vs endovascular stent-graft)." }] }, { "code" : "698996009", "display" : "Elective repair of suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA covers reconstruction (which encompasses aneurysm repair) of the abdominal aorta, making it a good structural match. However, ICHI does not distinguish the suprarenal segment specifically, nor the elective nature of the procedure, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "65341006", "display" : "Electrical muscle-testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AB.AE", "display" : "Electromyography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electromyography (EMG) is the primary electrical technique for testing muscle function, and MRM.AB.AE sits under the muscle interventions hierarchy. However, ICHI's code is specifically EMG of an unspecified muscle site, whereas the SNOMED concept \"electrical muscle-testing\" is arguably broader — it could include other electrical assessment modalities beyond EMG — making the ICHI code technically narrower in scope but the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "84093003", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electrocoagulation is one specific means of destruction, so the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code, which covers any destructive method applied to a fallopian tube lesion without specifying the energy modality; ICHI is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "1287545004", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of lesion of inner ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers destruction of the inner ear as a whole structure without qualifying it as a lesion-targeted procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the lesion target and the electrocoagulation means; additionally, ICHI does not capture the electrocoagulation modality." }] }, { "code" : "41515001", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of lesion of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina broadly, without restricting to a specific lesion, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies destruction of a lesion of the retina by electrocoagulation. No ICHI code exists that specifies lesion-level retinal destruction with a stated means." }] }, { "code" : "303398005", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of lesion of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.GA.AA matches on target (small intestine), action (destruction), and object (lesion), making it a strong structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the means as electrocoagulation, encompassing any destructive technique applied to a small intestinal lesion." }] }, { "code" : "1267006", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of lesion of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.GA.AC directly matches target (vagina), action (destruction), and object (lesion). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, covering any modality used to destroy a vaginal lesion." }] }, { "code" : "55810002", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of nose for epistaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC captures the clinical intent and indication (controlling epistaxis at the nasal site) precisely, matching both the target (nose) and therapeutic goal (haemostasis). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any method of epistaxis control, not only electrocoagulation." }] }, { "code" : "15306005", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Destruction of ovary\" covers the target anatomy correctly, but the action (GA = destruction) subsumes electrocoagulation as one possible means without specifying it; ICHI has no dedicated electrocoagulation-of-ovary code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "30172007", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of round ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The round ligament of the uterus is one of the uterine supporting structures explicitly captured by this ICHI code, but the ICHI code also encompasses the broader set of uterine supporting structures and the uterus itself, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287548002", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of semicircular canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The semicircular canals are a component of the inner ear, so \"Destruction of inner ear\" subsumes this procedure, but the ICHI code is broader in target (entire inner ear) and does not specify electrocoagulation as the means of destruction." }] }, { "code" : "55281003", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of uterosacral ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uterosacral ligament is a uterine supporting structure, falling within the scope of this ICHI code, but the code also covers destruction of the uterus itself and other supporting structures, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "48495007", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.GA.AA covers destruction of uterus and supporting structures broadly, without specifying the means (electrocoagulation); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any destructive modality applied to the uterus, not solely electrocoagulation." }] }, { "code" : "74786001", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA is the single ICHI category for destruction of the vulva, but it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which names that specific modality." }] }, { "code" : "31276007", "display" : "Electroejaculation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JH.AC", "display" : "Sperm procurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGD.JH.AC (Sperm procurement) is the closest ICHI category covering retrieval of sperm by any method; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify electroejaculation as the technique, and electroejaculation is one of several means by which sperm can be procured." }] }, { "code" : "276025008", "display" : "Electrolyte regulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ETE", "display" : "Interventions on water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Electrolyte regulation\" is a clinical concept covering interventions to maintain or restore electrolyte homeostasis; the closest ICHI match is the block BlockL5-ETE, as no single assignable category code covers the act of regulating electrolytes — only assessment (ETE.AA.ZZ) and education (ETE.PM.ZZ) exist as leaf codes, neither of which is specific enough." }] }, { "code" : "423371000", "display" : "Elevation of foot of bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Elevating the foot of the bed is a specific whole-body positioning manoeuvre (Trendelenburg-type tilt) used for therapeutic purposes, and PZA.LD.ZZ \"Positioning of the whole body\" is the closest ICHI code; it is wider because it encompasses any whole-body positioning technique, not specifically foot-of-bed elevation." }] }, { "code" : "423171007", "display" : "Elevation of head of bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Elevating the head of the bed is a standard whole-body positional intervention (e.g., for aspiration prevention or intracranial pressure management), and PZA.LD.ZZ \"Positioning of the whole body\" is the best available ICHI code; it is wider as it covers all whole-body positioning without distinguishing head-up from other orientations." }] }, { "code" : "370790005", "display" : "Elicits perceptions of surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Elicits perceptions of surgery\" is a specific clinical interview act to explore a patient's views and attitudes about an impending surgical procedure, which falls under the interviewing action (AN) applied to the whole person target (PZB); the ICHI code is broader because it covers any topic of interview regarding the whole person rather than specifically surgical perceptions." }] }, { "code" : "1479971000168109", "display" : "Email encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG9S10", "display" : "Intervention provided to recipient/s in a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An email encounter is a specific form of asynchronous remote health communication; the closest ICHI concept is the telehealth extension code for an intervention delivered to a recipient at a distant location, which covers all remote/telehealth modalities and is therefore broader than an email-specific encounter." }] }, { "code" : "713776001", "display" : "Email encounter from third party", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG9S10", "display" : "Intervention provided to recipient/s in a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An email encounter originating from a third party (e.g. a carer or relative communicating on the patient's behalf) is an even more specific variant of remote communication; ICHI's telehealth extension XG9S10 is the closest available concept but covers all remote delivery modalities without distinguishing third-party origin." }] }, { "code" : "172034002", "display" : "Embolization of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The adrenal gland is supplied by branches of the abdominal aorta, so embolization of the adrenal gland is performed by endovascular embolisation of its feeding abdominal/pelvic artery; ICHI does not have a dedicated adrenal embolization code, so IEA.LA.AF is the best available match but is broader because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than the adrenal artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "448737003", "display" : "Embolization of aneurysm using catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm embolisation code; IZA.LA.AF captures the endovascular catheter-based occlusion of an artery (NEC) but is broader because it encompasses any endovascular arterial occlusion regardless of the underlying pathology (aneurysm, stenosis, tumour supply, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "429062005", "display" : "Embolization of aneurysm using transluminal coil", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish coil embolisation from other endovascular occlusion techniques at the category level; IZA.LA.AF covers the endovascular approach but is broader because it does not specify the coil means or the aneurysm target." }] }, { "code" : "175786007", "display" : "Embolization of arteriovenous abnormality", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An arteriovenous abnormality (AVM) involves both arterial and venous components, so the non-lateralised blood vessel NEC code IZE.LA.AA is preferred over a purely arterial code; it is still broader because it covers any vascular occlusion by any means, not specifically endovascular embolisation of an AVM." }] }, { "code" : "9810007", "display" : "Embolization of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LA.AF is the closest code for endovascular (catheter-based) occlusion of an AV fistula from the arterial side; IZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt) exists but \"management\" is insufficiently specific for embolisation, whereas IZA.LA.AF at least captures the endovascular occlusion action." }] }, { "code" : "233479009", "display" : "Embolization of arteriovenous graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An AV graft embolisation is an endovascular occlusion of a surgically created arteriovenous conduit; IZA.LA.AF is the best available code as it covers endovascular arterial occlusion NEC, though it is broader because ICHI has no code specific to AV grafts or prosthetic conduit occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "233316005", "display" : "Embolization of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers embolization of any artery without specifying the approach, whereas ICHI constrains to the endovascular route and is a residual NEC code covering arteries not addressed by more specific ICHI codes; the ICHI code is the best generic-artery embolisation match available." }] }, { "code" : "722183007", "display" : "Embolization of hepatic artery using selective internal radiation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is highly specific — it combines hepatic artery embolization with Y-90 radioembolisation (SIRT) — whereas ICHI has no code for SIRT or hepatic artery embolization specifically, and the best available code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries without capturing the radionuclide therapy component." }] }, { "code" : "230902008", "display" : "Embolization of intracranial aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies embolization targeting an intracranial aneurysm (a precise pathological structure), while the ICHI code covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery broadly without distinguishing the aneurysm target." }] }, { "code" : "233424001", "display" : "Embolization of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers embolization of any vein without specifying approach, while the ICHI code constrains to the endovascular route and is a NEC residual covering veins not addressed by more specific ICHI codes; the ICHI code is the best available generic vein embolisation match." }] }, { "code" : "75456002", "display" : "Embryo transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DH.AC covers all uterine reproductive transfer procedures, which includes embryo transfer (IVF) as its primary use case, but is broader in scope as it could encompass other transfer procedures such as zygote transfer; the ICHI code does not specify the entity transferred as specifically as the SNOMED concept does." }] }, { "code" : "174036004", "display" : "Emergency appendectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBO.JK.AA", "display" : "Appendicectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBO.JK.AA maps well to the procedure itself (open appendicectomy), but the ICHI code does not capture the \"emergency\" context encoded in the SNOMED concept; ICHI lacks a means axis value distinguishing elective from emergency procedures, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "175276005", "display" : "Emergency bypass of aorta by anastomosis of axillary artery to femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An axillary-to-femoral bypass is an extra-anatomical bypass whose functional destination is the femoral artery (lower limb); IFA.LI.AA captures this anatomical target reasonably well, though it does not reflect the cross-regional (upper limb to lower limb) or emergency nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "175290008", "display" : "Emergency bypass of bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.LI.AA", "display" : "Abdominal aortic bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.LI.AA describes a bypass originating at the abdominal aorta, which matches the aortic origin of this aortofemoral bypass; however, it does not encode the destination vessel (femoral artery), the bifurcation involvement, or the emergency setting." }] }, { "code" : "175292000", "display" : "Emergency bypass of bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.LI.AA", "display" : "Abdominal aortic bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.LI.AA matches the aortic origin but does not capture the iliac destination, the aortic bifurcation level, or the emergency context; the primary vessel operated on is the abdominal aorta, making this the better fit over IEA.LI.AA." }] }, { "code" : "414088005", "display" : "Emergency CABG", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generally (open approach), which is the correct procedure; however, the \"emergency\" qualifier in the SNOMED concept is not captured by ICHI, making the ICHI code broader in that it applies equally to elective and emergency cases." }] }, { "code" : "274130007", "display" : "Emergency cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA captures delivery by caesarean section as a procedure, which correctly represents the clinical action; however, the \"emergency\" context of the SNOMED concept is not expressed in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader and applies to both elective and emergency caesarean deliveries." }] }, { "code" : "398142004", "display" : "Emergency cricothyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cricothyroidotomy (incision through the cricothyroid membrane of the larynx to establish an emergency airway) falls anatomically under larynx incision — JAN.FA.AA is the closest available code; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal incision and does not capture the emergency context." }] }, { "code" : "275040003", "display" : "Emergency femorofemoral prosthetic crossover graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically a femorofemoral prosthetic crossover bypass between two femoral arteries; ICHI has no code at this granularity — the closest assignable code covers reconstruction (which includes graft/prosthesis repair) of any lower limb artery broadly." }] }, { "code" : "390809004", "display" : "Emergency mental health assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ is the broadest unspecified mental functions assessment code in the \"Interventions on mental functions\" block and captures the core clinical act of assessing mental health; however, it does not encode the emergency context or the holistic \"mental health\" framing." }] }, { "code" : "698992006", "display" : "Emergency repair of ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA is the best-fitting ICHI code — aneurysm repair involves reconstruction of the vessel wall, and the target (abdominal aorta) is correct; however, ICHI does not capture the infrarenal specificity, the ruptured/emergency context, or the aneurysm aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "698994007", "display" : "Emergency repair of ruptured suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA covers open reconstruction of the abdominal aorta, which encompasses aneurysm repair via graft replacement, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the suprarenal segment specificity, the ruptured/emergency context, or the aneurysm aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "313082002", "display" : "Employment education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SU2.PM.ZZ directly represents education about engaging in work and employment, which is semantically the same domain; it is coded as \"not elsewhere classified\" (residual category) making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410287004", "display" : "Employment education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (education, guidance, and counselling) that map to separate ICHI codes (SU2.PM.ZZ, SU2.PN.ZZ, SU2.PP.ZZ respectively); SU2.PM.ZZ is the best single-code fit as education is the primary listed activity, but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not capture the guidance and counselling components." }] }, { "code" : "270353007", "display" : "Employment examination/reports", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to occupational/fitness-for-work examinations and the production of reports, while SU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of work and employment participation broadly. No ICHI code specifically addresses pre-employment or fitness-for-work medical examinations and report writing, so this functional assessment code is the closest available match, albeit broader." }] }, { "code" : "405409006", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery broadly, not specifically the internal carotid branch, and does not capture the vein patch angioplasty component or the graft material detail. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405338008", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies all lower limb artery endarterectomies under a single residual category with no code specific to the popliteal artery, so the ICHI code is broader. The patch angioplasty (arteriotomy closure) component is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "405389008", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) is a lower limb artery, and ICHI provides no code more specific than the general lower limb artery endarterectomy. The accompanying patch angioplasty is also not encoded separately." }] }, { "code" : "405403007", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The renal artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI has no code specific to renal artery endarterectomy — the abdominal/pelvic artery code is the closest available match. The angioplasty (patch repair) component is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "405402002", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian artery falls under ICHI's upper limb artery block (ICA) with no subclavian-specific endarterectomy code available, making this a broader match. The prosthetic patch angioplasty detail and the specific vessel identity are both lost." }] }, { "code" : "405401009", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of subclavian artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any upper limb artery (which includes the subclavian), but does not distinguish subclavian specifically and does not capture the angioplasty-with-vein-patch component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader (less specific) than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405343001", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA encompasses endarterectomy of any lower limb artery and does not distinguish the superficial femoral artery specifically, nor does it capture the associated angioplasty (vein patch) component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405337003", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The tibio-peroneal trunk and its branches (tibial, peroneal) are lower limb arteries captured under IFA.JE.AA, but ICHI does not have a code specific to the tibio-peroneal segment, and the angioplasty component is not separately represented." }] }, { "code" : "448939009", "display" : "Endarterectomy of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.JE.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries without differentiating the inferior mesenteric vessel specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233303005", "display" : "Endarterectomy of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.JE.AA is the best available match, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept as it groups all abdominal or pelvic arteries without vessel-level specificity." }] }, { "code" : "232687005", "display" : "Endobronchial intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endobronchial intubation specifically refers to advancing an endotracheal tube into a main bronchus (past the carina) for selective lung ventilation, which is distinct from standard tracheal intubation (JBA.DL.AC). JZZ.DL.AC is the NEC residual for respiratory tract intubation and is broader, encompassing any intubation not classified under tracheal insertion." }] }, { "code" : "231759007", "display" : "Endodiathermy of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies endodiathermy (electrosurgical cautery delivered internally) as the means. ICHI has no retina-specific code that encodes an electrocoagulation/diathermy means, so the broader destruction code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "445944001", "display" : "Endodiathermy of vitreous body", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vitreous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.GA.AA captures destruction of the vitreous body regardless of technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies endodiathermy as the method. As with the retinal counterpart, ICHI does not encode an electrocoagulation/diathermy means for vitreous, making this the best available broader match." }] }, { "code" : "446588008", "display" : "Endoscopic ablation of neoplasm of ureter using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.GA.AD matches on both the endoscopic approach and the destruction/ablation action on a ureteric lesion, but it does not encode the laser means (no laser-specific ureteric code exists in ICHI) and uses \"lesion or tissue\" rather than \"neoplasm.\" The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "307505003", "display" : "Endoscopic application of hemostyptics to gastric lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD captures endoscopic haemostasis of the stomach, which aligns with the clinical intent of applying hemostyptics (haemostatic agents) endoscopically. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers all endoscopic bleeding-control methods on the stomach, not specifically topical agent application to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "1333964003", "display" : "Endoscopic balloon dilation of left bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus generically, matching the procedure type exactly, but does not specify laterality (left bronchus); additionally, ICHI does not distinguish balloon from other dilation instruments at this level." }] }, { "code" : "1333965002", "display" : "Endoscopic balloon dilation of right bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD matches the procedure type (endoscopic dilatation of bronchus) but is broader because it does not specify the right side or the balloon technique." }] }, { "code" : "174198003", "display" : "Endoscopic coagulation of blood vessel of lower bowel using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of colonic bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code for endoscopic haemostasis/coagulation of a lower bowel vessel — the sigmoid colon block (KBU) has no haemostasis or bleeding control code of its own, so the colon-level code is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the entire colon rather than specifically the sigmoid colon accessed via sigmoidoscope." }] }, { "code" : "698322008", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding using thermocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD covers endoscopic control of gastric bleeding generically, without specifying the technique; the SNOMED concept further specifies thermocoagulation as the means, which ICHI does not capture in a separate code." }] }, { "code" : "1263602007", "display" : "Endoscopic control of hemorrhage of stomach using argon plasma coagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD matches on target (stomach), action (bleeding control), and approach (endoscopic), but does not distinguish the specific technique of argon plasma coagulation; ICHI treats all endoscopic gastric bleeding control under a single code regardless of the haemostatic modality used." }] }, { "code" : "34574008", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of sphincter of Oddi", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers both biliary duct and sphincter of Oddi as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the sphincter of Oddi alone. The action (endoscopic destruction of lesion) and approach (endoscopic) are otherwise an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "1217117008", "display" : "Endoscopic examination of lower bowel and sampling for bacterial overgrowth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AE.AD", "display" : "Colonoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy) captures the endoscopic examination of the lower bowel component, but ICHI has no code for the paired bacterial overgrowth sampling action (there is no small-bowel or colonic fluid specimen collection code). Colonoscopy is therefore broader than the full SNOMED concept, which combines examination with microbiological sampling." }] }, { "code" : "441763001", "display" : "Endoscopic exteriorization of third ventricle", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) creates an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to bypass obstruction — an endoscopic incision/fenestration — but ICHI has no dedicated ETV code and no \"endoscopic incision of ventricles\" code. AAE.FA.AA captures the operative intent most closely, though it is open-approach by default and covers all ventricles, making it broader than the specific endoscopic third-ventricle procedure." }] }, { "code" : "314629004", "display" : "Endoscopic injection hemostasis of gastric ulcer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD covers endoscopic control of gastric bleeding broadly, which encompasses injection hemostasis as a technique. However, the ICHI code does not specify the injection method or the ulcer aetiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1303801009", "display" : "Endoscopic injection of lesion of stomach for control of hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LA.AD captures the endoscopic approach for gastric bleeding control, which aligns with the hemorrhage-control intent of this concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify injection as the means or restrict the target to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "87124007", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of nasopancreatic drainage tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of a device into the pancreatic duct, which encompasses a nasopancreatic drainage tube as one type of inserted device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the nasopancreatic (trans-nasal external drainage) route or the drainage function of the device." }] }, { "code" : "174192002", "display" : "Endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of large intestine using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.GA.AD matches the endoscopic approach and the destruction-of-lesion action on the colon (large intestine), but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the instrument to a fiberoptic sigmoidoscope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609197007", "display" : "Endoscopic laser surgery on colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures endoscopic destruction of colonic lesion/tissue via any technique, while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the modality; ICHI provides no means-level laser qualifier within this code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609194000", "display" : "Endoscopic laser surgery on duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly matches target (duodenum) and approach (endoscopic) but covers all endoscopic destructive techniques, not just laser, making it broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609196003", "display" : "Endoscopic laser surgery on rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly matches target (rectum) and approach (endoscopic) but encompasses all endoscopic destruction modalities, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to laser surgery; ICHI does not have a laser-specific destruction code for the rectum." }] }, { "code" : "1231419000", "display" : "Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure on frontal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAG.FA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic frontal sinusotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The modified Lothrop (Draf III) procedure is an extended bilateral endoscopic frontal sinusotomy with removal of inter-sinus septum, which is more specific than the ICHI code's generic endoscopic frontal sinusotomy; no Draf III-specific ICHI code exists, making this the best available but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "446542002", "display" : "Endoscopic neurolysis of celiac plexus using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The celiac plexus is a peripheral (autonomic) nerve plexus, and neurolysis is destruction of nerve tissue, so ACA.GA.AA covers the core action and target. However, it is broader because it does not capture the endoscopic approach, ultrasound guidance, or the specific coeliac plexus target; ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic/EUS-guided coeliac plexus neurolysis code." }] }, { "code" : "445750001", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of neoplasm from cranium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.JI.AA covers removal of a lesion (including neoplasm) from the skull/cranium, but it is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach — ICHI has no endoscopic variant of this code for skull, unlike other anatomical sites." }] }, { "code" : "174615000", "display" : "Endoscopic sphincterotomy of sphincter of Oddi and insertion of tubal prosthesis into bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.FA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic sphincterotomy or papillotomy of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.FA.AD precisely matches the sphincterotomy component (endoscopic, sphincter of Oddi / bile duct), but the SNOMED concept also includes insertion of a tubal prosthesis (stent) into the bile duct, which corresponds to a separate ICHI code; no single ICHI code encodes both actions together." }] }, { "code" : "10391000132108", "display" : "Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated submucosal dissection code and no cross-organ endoscopic local excision category spanning the full GI tract; the block \"Interventions on gastrointestinal tract\" is the broadest applicable grouping that encompasses the procedure's anatomical scope. Individual organ-level endoscopic local excision codes exist but each is narrower than this multi-site SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713154003", "display" : "Endoscopic submucosal dissection of rectum using colonoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the endoscopic local excision of a rectal lesion but does not distinguish the submucosal dissection technique or the colonoscope instrument at the means axis level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity." }] }, { "code" : "440543004", "display" : "Endoscopy of nasal sinus with control of nasal hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.AE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.AE.AD captures the endoscopic inspection of the paranasal sinus but does not encode the concurrent hemorrhage control component; the SNOMED concept is more specific, combining endoscopy with a therapeutic action (hemostasis), whereas the ICHI code covers only the diagnostic/inspection aspect." }] }, { "code" : "440636000", "display" : "Endoscopy of nasal sinus with decompression of inferior orbital wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FC.AD best captures the operative intent — endoscopic orbital decompression — but it encompasses the entire orbit rather than specifically the inferior wall, and it does not encode the nasal sinus endoscopy approach; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the precisely specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440115001", "display" : "Endoscopy of nasal sinus with decompression of medial orbital wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FC.AD is the closest available ICHI code for endoscopic orbital decompression, but it does not distinguish the medial wall specifically nor encode the combined nasal sinus endoscopy approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446735004", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the endoscopic local excision of a stomach lesion, matching the polypectomy component precisely; however, the ICHI code is wider because it covers any gastric lesion rather than specifically a polyp, and does not reflect the broader upper GI endoscopy framing of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448881002", "display" : "Endovenous laser ablation of varicose vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endovenous laser ablation is a specific form of endovenous thermal destruction, so the ICHI code captures the correct target (lower limb vein) and approach (endovenous) but is broader because it does not specify laser as the means nor restrict to varicose veins." }] }, { "code" : "435701000124100", "display" : "Energy modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An energy-modified diet is a specific type of food modification intervention, so UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader as it covers any modification to food and does not specify energy content adjustment or dietary prescription." }] }, { "code" : "86032007", "display" : "Enlargement of intestinal stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (which encompasses general maintenance, revision, and adjustment of an intestinal stoma), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the surgical enlargement/revision of an existing stoma opening, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "225989009", "display" : "Ensuring environmental adaptations prepared prior to hospital discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 \"Discharge planning\" is an ICHI extension code for the broader process of organising a safe hospital discharge, of which ensuring home/environmental adaptations are in place is one specific element; the SNOMED concept is narrower, focusing exclusively on environmental preparation." }] }, { "code" : "225990000", "display" : "Ensuring home equipment available prior to hospital discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 \"Discharge planning\" is the closest ICHI concept — it captures the discharge preparation context — but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept, which concerns ensuring availability of home equipment (a single task within discharge planning). No ICHI code exists for equipment provisioning specifically tied to hospital discharge." }] }, { "code" : "234304009", "display" : "Enteromesenteric bridge operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The enteromesenteric bridge operation is a specific surgical technique creating a mesenteric vascular bridge between segments of intestine, which functionally involves intestinal anastomosis; KZZ.LB.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, covering any unclassified intestinal anastomosis without specificity to the mesenteric bridge technique." }] }, { "code" : "397994004", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball with implant into Tenon's capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.JK.AA", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.JK.AA covers the enucleation component but does not encode the concurrent placement of an implant into Tenon's capsule; ICHI has no combined enucleation-with-implant code, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "398031005", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball with insertion of orbital implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.JK.AA", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.JK.AA captures only the enucleation and not the simultaneous orbital implant insertion; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the available ICHI code, and no combined enucleation-plus-implant code exists." }] }, { "code" : "170897004", "display" : "Environment risk monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Environment risk monitoring is a form of public health surveillance targeting environmental hazards and risks; UB1.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance of the natural and human-modified environment broadly, which is wider than the risk-specific monitoring focus of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "424432007", "display" : "Epidural catheter maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management of any internal device within the spinal canal via percutaneous approach, which encompasses epidural catheter maintenance; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to the epidural space or to catheter-type devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1297066004", "display" : "Epidural insertion of temporary spinal cord stimulator electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE captures the percutaneous (epidural) route of inserting a device into the spinal canal, which matches the procedural approach and anatomical site; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any device, not specifically a temporary spinal cord stimulator electrode." }] }, { "code" : "48957009", "display" : "Epilation by electrolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Epilation by electrolysis destroys hair follicles (skin appendages) via electrical current; LZZ.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering destruction of skin structures not classified elsewhere, though it is broader — referring to skin and subcutaneous tissue generally rather than specifically to hair follicle/appendage destruction by electrolysis." }] }, { "code" : "707076002", "display" : "Epistaxis care", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis) is a close match — both codes address interventions for nosebleeds. ICHI is wider because \"Control of epistaxis\" implies active haemostasis, while the SNOMED concept \"Epistaxis care\" is broader and could encompass assessment, monitoring, or supportive care in addition to active haemostasis." }] }, { "code" : "385974006", "display" : "Equipment safety management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"equipment safety management\" code; UA1.SM.ZZ (Management of products and technology, unspecified) is the closest structural match, covering management interventions on products/technology, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns the safety oversight of health equipment." }] }, { "code" : "307330001", "display" : "Esophagectomy and interposition reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a combined code for esophagectomy plus interposition reconstruction as a single procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) captures the reconstructive component but is broader, omitting the esophagectomy element and the specific interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "55517006", "display" : "Esophagogastric fundoplasty with fundic patch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of gastroesophageal junction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for fundoplasty or fundic patch procedures specifically; KBE.MK.AA (Repair of gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomically closest available code covering repair-type interventions at the esophagogastric junction, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fundoplasty using a fundic patch as the means." }] }, { "code" : "1263486002", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bezoar in stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for electrohydraulic lithotripsy of a bezoar specifically; KBF.GA.AD captures the endoscopic route and the destructive action applied to a gastric target, but is broader — it does not specify the electrohydraulic lithotripsy technique, the bezoar as the target entity, or the OGD scope used." }] }, { "code" : "1256034006", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and closure of duodenal fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.MK.AA", "display" : "Closure of fistula of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.MK.AA correctly captures the target (duodenum) and action (fistula closure / MK), but ICHI does not have an endoscopic (.AD means) variant of this code, so the open approach code is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies EGD as the access route." }] }, { "code" : "1304005006", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Full thickness resection (EFTR) is a specific endoscopic partial excision through all wall layers; KBK.JJ.AA is the closest structural match in ICHI but is broader as it omits both the endoscopic approach and the full-thickness-specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "1304006007", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JI.AD captures the endoscopic approach and local excision of stomach tissue, the closest ICHI analogue for endoscopic full thickness resection; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish full-thickness wall resection from mucosal or submucosal excision." }] }, { "code" : "1304004005", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of esophagus using suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.MK.AA correctly identifies the target (oesophagus) and action (repair), but no endoscopic repair code exists in ICHI for the oesophagus and the suture technique is not captured in the means axis, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1303995009", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of small intestine using suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.MK.AA matches the target (small intestine) and action (repair), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not have an endoscopic repair code for small intestine and does not specify suture as the means of repair." }] }, { "code" : "1304007003", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and repair of stomach using suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no endoscopic variant of stomach repair (only open KBF.MK.AA and laparoscopic KBF.MK.AB), so the open \"Repair of stomach\" code is the best available match but is broader — it does not capture the endoscopic approach via EGD or the suture technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1304003004", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and submucosal dissection of pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no submucosal dissection category nor an endoscopic variant of pharynx local excision; KAR.JI.AA is the broadest applicable match, covering the excision intent but not encoding the endoscopic approach, the submucosal dissection technique, or the EGD route." }] }, { "code" : "1255198001", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of hemorrhage of esophagus by thermocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thermocoagulation is a form of thermal destruction, so KBA.GA.AD semantically encompasses this technique; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the haemostatic intent or the thermocoagulation means." }] }, { "code" : "1303993002", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with full thickness resection of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a specific endoscopic technique that resects all wall layers, which falls within the category of endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the oesophagus; KBA.JI.AD is broader because it does not capture the full-thickness depth of resection." }] }, { "code" : "1255200007", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with radiofrequency ablation of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the endoscopic destruction component performed on the oesophagus but does not specify the radiofrequency ablation means or the upper-GI (EGD) scope used to reach the target; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "24229005", "display" : "Esophagoscopy for removal of polypoid lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers endoscopic local excision of any oesophageal lesion, which encompasses polypoid lesion removal via esophagoscopy, but does not restrict to polypoid morphology or specify the esophagoscopy approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "86181006", "display" : "Evaluation and management of inpatient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that specifically captures inpatient evaluation and management as distinct from outpatient; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available code representing a clinical encounter for health management of a whole person, but it is broader because it does not distinguish the inpatient care setting." }] }, { "code" : "50357006", "display" : "Evaluation and management of patient at home", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode care-setting distinctions (home vs. clinic vs. hospital) within its procedure classification; PZB.ZZ.ZZ covers health management encounters for a whole person but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the home setting." }] }, { "code" : "108221006", "display" : "Evaluation AND/OR management - established patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate between new and established patients within its coding structure; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the best fit as a generic health management encounter but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which restricts scope to a patient with a prior relationship to the provider." }] }, { "code" : "108220007", "display" : "Evaluation AND/OR management - new patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the new-vs.-established patient distinction; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents a health management encounter at the whole-person level but is broader because it does not capture the \"first contact\" nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1344990006", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of emotional problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets evaluation for signs and symptoms of an emotional problem (a more clinical, symptom-oriented framing). The ICHI code is broader in scope as it encompasses all assessments of emotional functioning, not just symptom-driven evaluations." }] }, { "code" : "410325007", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of mental and/or emotional health problems", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ sits at the top of the mental functions hierarchy (unspecified), covering both global and specific mental functions including emotional ones, which aligns with the SNOMED concept's broad scope of mental and/or emotional health. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all mental function assessments rather than being scoped to symptom evaluation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1344989002", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of mental health problem", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ is the ICHI code for assessment of mental functions at the unspecified level, which aligns well with evaluating for mental health problem signs and symptoms. The ICHI code is wider as it broadly covers all mental function assessments rather than being restricted to symptom-driven clinical evaluation of mental health problems." }] }, { "code" : "712745001", "display" : "Evaluation of breastfeeding plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of breastfeeding behaviours at a public health/behaviour level, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes evaluation of a breastfeeding plan (a structured clinical document/care plan) rather than general assessment of the breastfeeding behaviour itself." }] }, { "code" : "12121000202107", "display" : "Evaluation of decision-making capacity", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of decision making", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers assessment of decision making as a general activity; the SNOMED concept specifically concerns formal clinical/legal capacity determination, which is a narrower concept within the broader domain of decision making assessment." }] }, { "code" : "250722009", "display" : "Evaluation of hypoglycemic response", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypoglycemic response evaluation is an assessment of glucose metabolism and the physiological response to low blood sugar, which falls within general metabolic functions. The ICHI code covers all general metabolic functions broadly, making it wider than the specific focus on hypoglycemia." }] }, { "code" : "1172955008", "display" : "Evaluation of infant formula feeding plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to infant formula feeding plan evaluation; the breastfeeding block (VEH) is explicitly for breast milk and does not apply. Assessment of eating behaviours is the broadest applicable code covering dietary intake patterns, though it does not capture the infant-specific or formula-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "264311001", "display" : "Evaluation of iron stores", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Iron stores (ferritin, transferrin saturation, serum iron) are components of haematological function assessment, as iron is the core element of haemoglobin synthesis. The ICHI code is broader, covering the full haematological system rather than iron status specifically." }] }, { "code" : "441904000", "display" : "Evaluation of oculomotor system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The oculomotor system comprises the extraocular muscles and cranial nerves controlling eye movement, which are structures adjoining the eye; BTF.AA.ZZ is the closest functional assessment code available but is broader, encompassing all periocular structures rather than the oculomotor system specifically." }] }, { "code" : "440363007", "display" : "Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of swallowing function in general, which aligns well with the clinical intent; however, the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, whereas the ICHI code does not capture that anatomical specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370800005", "display" : "Evaluation of postoperative cardiac function", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of heart functions generally and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict to the postoperative context that is explicit in the SNOMED display term." }] }, { "code" : "372059009", "display" : "Evaluation of postoperative neurological status", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for a general neurological assessment, which captures the same clinical domain; however, it is broader because it carries no postoperative qualifier, and the \"not elsewhere classified\" residual nature indicates this is not a precise match for the specific postoperative scenario." }] }, { "code" : "370801009", "display" : "Evaluation of postoperative respiratory function", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.AA.ZZ maps directly to assessment of respiration function, matching the core clinical action; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the postoperative context that is a defining attribute of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370802002", "display" : "Evaluation of postoperative tissue perfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Postoperative tissue perfusion evaluation is a clinical assessment of whether blood is adequately supplying a tissue or surgical site, which is fundamentally an assessment of blood vessel/circulatory function. ITB.AA.ZZ is the closest match, but it is broader — it does not capture the postoperative context, the tissue-level granularity, or the perfusion focus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "274804006", "display" : "Evaluation of uterine fundal height", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AE.AH", "display" : "Gynaecological external examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for measuring uterine fundal height; the best structural match is gynaecological external examination NEC (NMS.AE.AH), which covers external physical inspection/assessment of the female genital system, under which fundal height measurement falls as one specific technique. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any gynaecological external examination rather than this one targeted measurement." }] }, { "code" : "103766003", "display" : "Evocative or suppression testing panel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Evocative/suppression testing panels are dynamic endocrine challenge tests (e.g. dexamethasone suppression, ACTH stimulation) used to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and other endocrine axes; ICHI's closest match is the assessment of endocrine gland functions, which is broader as it covers all forms of endocrine assessment, not just dynamic challenge panels. No ICHI code for \"dynamic function test\" or \"stimulation/suppression test\" exists." }] }, { "code" : "315306007", "display" : "Examination by method", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Examination by method\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept covering any examination classified by its methodology rather than by anatomical target; the best available ICHI code is physical examination of whole body, which is itself a broad category, but it only covers physical/clinical examination and does not encompass all possible examination methods (imaging, laboratory, etc.), making the ICHI code wider than a strict reading of this grouper but the closest structural match." }] }, { "code" : "281048005", "display" : "Examination for rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Examination for rehabilitation is a goal-directed clinical assessment performed to plan or evaluate rehabilitation needs; ICHI does not have a specific code for rehabilitation-focused examination, and general health assessment is the closest available code, though it is broader as it covers all-purpose health assessment rather than rehabilitation-specific evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "225162003", "display" : "Examination of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific abdominal physical examination code — PAK (Abdomen NOS) block contains only imaging, biopsy, and surgical codes, not a clinical examination entry. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site NEC) is the best available match but is broader, covering any unspecified body site rather than the abdomen specifically." }] }, { "code" : "284366008", "display" : "Examination of body system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for \"examination of a body system\" as a generic category; the closest conceptual match is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers broad whole-person assessment but is wider than the SNOMED concept, which implies assessment directed at a particular (unspecified) body system." }] }, { "code" : "302773001", "display" : "Examination of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for a limb (upper or lower) — the PMA and PNA topographical limb blocks contain measurement, immobilisation, and therapeutic codes but no clinical examination entry. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site NEC) is the closest available code but covers any unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429496005", "display" : "Examination of live donor after kidney transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for post-transplant evaluation of a living kidney donor specifically; the closest available code is the generic general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ), which is considerably broader and does not capture either the donor context or the post-transplant specificity. Kidney transplantation codes (NAA.KD.AA) describe the surgical act, not the subsequent donor follow-up examination." }] }, { "code" : "284433008", "display" : "Examination of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI approaches muscle examination through a functional lens rather than an anatomical one; MU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of muscle functions (NEC), which is the best functional equivalent, though it is framed as a functional assessment rather than a direct physical examination of muscle tissue. The more specific MUB.AE.ZZ (Manual examination of muscle power) narrows to power only, making MU2.AA.ZZ the better broader match for general muscle examination." }] }, { "code" : "457601000124102", "display" : "Examination of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated physical examination code for the neck as an anatomical region; neck-related codes all pertain to specific structures (cervical spine, cervical lymph nodes, vessels of head and neck) rather than a general examination of the neck. PZX.AE.AH is the residual \"physical examination of a body site NEC\" code and is the least-bad fit, though it is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428645009", "display" : "Examination of recipient after kidney transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the donor follow-up concept, ICHI lacks any specific code for post-transplant clinical evaluation of the transplant recipient; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available concept but is far broader, capturing none of the post-transplant or renal-recipient specificity." }] }, { "code" : "284394000", "display" : "Examination of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.AA.AH (musculoskeletal block, vertebral column unspecified, action = assessment, means = physical/clinical) is the closest structural match for a clinical examination of the spine; it is slightly broader in that \"assessment\" in ICHI can encompass more than clinical examination alone, and \"not elsewhere classified\" indicates a residual category without site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1366572009", "display" : "Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies both extraction of the lens and insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens (IOL) in the left eye, whereas BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction step without the prosthetic insertion component (BBF.ML.AA) or the left-eye laterality; the full procedure would require combining BBF.JK.AA with BBF.ML.AA and a laterality extension, but no single ICHI code captures the complete combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1366573004", "display" : "Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 1366572009 — the SNOMED concept covers both lens extraction and IOL insertion in the right eye, but BBF.JK.AA represents only the extraction action without the prosthetic replacement component or laterality; the right-eye distinction from the left-eye concept would need to be handled via an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "439789000", "display" : "Excision of coccygeal pressure injury with coccygectomy and flap reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBU.JK.AA", "display" : "Total coccygeal vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This complex procedure combines coccygectomy, excision of a pressure injury, and flap reconstruction, but ICHI codes each component separately — MBU.JK.AA captures the dominant surgical step (total coccygectomy), while the wound excision (debridement/local excision) and flap reconstruction components are not represented; no single ICHI code encompasses all three elements of this combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "438576001", "display" : "Excision of coccygeal pressure injury with coccygectomy and primary suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBU.JK.AA", "display" : "Total coccygeal vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the core surgical act — total removal of the coccyx (coccygectomy) — which is the defining component of this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the pressure injury context or the primary suture wound closure, making it broader than the fully specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "70163005", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissue lesions treated by local excision, which aligns with the action and tissue type in this ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any soft tissue lesion at any unspecified site and does not specify the cystic nature, tendon sheath/joint capsule origin, or anatomical location typical of ganglion cysts." }] }, { "code" : "446344000", "display" : "Excision of lesion of anterior cranial fossa extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from the intracranial space broadly, without distinguishing the extradural compartment or the specific fossa (anterior vs. middle). The SNOMED concept is more precise in specifying the anterior cranial fossa and the extradural (epidural) location." }] }, { "code" : "441645006", "display" : "Excision of lesion of intradural extramedullary spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion from the spinal canal as a whole, while the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating the intradural extramedullary compartment (inside the dura but outside the cord itself). ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) was considered but the spinal canal code better captures the anatomical compartment of an extramedullary intradural mass." }] }, { "code" : "447985005", "display" : "Excision of lesion of larynx using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.JI.AD is the closest available code — laryngeal laser excision is almost always performed endoscopically (microlaryngoscopy), making this a strong functional match. However, ICHI does not have a laser-specific means code for this procedure, so the laser modality specified in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "446343006", "display" : "Excision of lesion of middle cranial fossa extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as concept 446344000 — AAG.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for intracranial space lesion excision, but does not distinguish the extradural compartment or the specific fossa (middle vs. anterior). The SNOMED concept carries additional anatomical specificity not represented in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "47823003", "display" : "Excision of lingual tonsil", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial excision of lingual tonsil", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DAA.JJ.AC is specifically \"partial excision\" of the lingual tonsil, whereas the SNOMED concept \"excision of lingual tonsil\" implies complete removal. No total excision code exists for the lingual tonsil in ICHI (tonsillectomy DAA.JK.AC covers palatine tonsils generally), making DAA.JJ.AC the closest match but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "20466006", "display" : "Excision of pterygium with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pterygium is a lesion of the conjunctiva, so BBA.JI.AA captures the excision component accurately. However, the ICHI code does not encode the \"with graft\" aspect of the procedure — ICHI has no specific pterygium-with-graft code and the conjunctival repair code (BBA.MK.AA) would need to be used separately to represent the grafting, making the single code mapping broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449432003", "display" : "Excision of Reinke's edema using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reinke's edema is a lesion of the laryngeal vocal fold, so local excision of a laryngeal lesion captures the target and action correctly. However, the ICHI code does not specify the laser means (the means axis AC denotes laryngoscopic/endoscopic approach, not laser), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser use." }] }, { "code" : "56361007", "display" : "Excision of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JJ.AA covers partial excision of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which broadly aligns with the generic SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code specifies \"partial\" excision and does not distinguish whether a specific lesion or the tissue itself is targeted, making it slightly broader in scope than the unqualified SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "174699007", "display" : "Excision of transplanted pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JK.AA", "display" : "Total pancreatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ICHI code exists for removal of a transplanted pancreas specifically. Total pancreatectomy (KCO.JK.AA) is the closest structural match as it represents complete excision of the pancreas, but it does not capture the transplant-specific clinical context that distinguishes this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "83634003", "display" : "Excision of tumor of soft tissue of neck, deep, subfascial, intramuscular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a deep subfascial intramuscular tumor in the neck, while the best available ICHI code covers local excision of a soft tissue lesion at an unspecified site; the MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) has no corresponding excision category, so the unspecified-site code is the best fit but loses both the neck location and depth specificity." }] }, { "code" : "232829009", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations generically across all cardiac sites; it does not capture that the target is specifically the aortic valve or that the valve is a prosthetic implant, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No valve-specific vegetation removal code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "232907009", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted atrioventricular valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA is the only ICHI vegetation extraction code and is broader, as it does not distinguish the atrioventricular valve as the target or its prosthetic nature; the ICHI atrioventricular valve block (HDM) covers only congenitally malformed valves and contains no vegetation removal code." }] }, { "code" : "232762008", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA captures cardiac vegetation extraction generically; the mitral valve block (HDF) contains no vegetation-specific code, and neither the mitral valve specificity nor the prosthetic implant context is encoded, making this mapping wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232858007", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted pulmonary valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA is the only available ICHI code for cardiac vegetation removal; the pulmonary valve block (HDG) has no vegetation-specific code, so specificity for the pulmonary valve site and prosthetic valve context is lost in this mapping." }] }, { "code" : "232802004", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA is the single ICHI code for cardiac vegetation extraction and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the tricuspid valve as the anatomical target and the prosthetic implant context; the tricuspid valve block (HDH) contains no vegetation removal code." }] }, { "code" : "232938005", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA captures extraction of cardiac vegetations (the defining procedure), but does not specify that the valve is an implanted (prosthetic) truncal valve; no more specific code exists in the truncal valve block (HDI) for vegetation removal. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering vegetations on any cardiac structure." }] }, { "code" : "18887007", "display" : "Excision with graft replacement of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for surgical reconstruction (which encompasses excision and graft replacement) of the abdominal or pelvic artery, but it groups all abdominal/pelvic arteries together rather than isolating a single abdominal artery, and \"reconstruction\" is slightly broader than the specific SNOMED procedure of excision-plus-graft-replacement." }] }, { "code" : "473218004", "display" : "Excisional debridement of wound for infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JG.AA is the only body-site-unspecified, incisional debridement code in the integumentary system and best represents excisional wound debridement when no specific anatomical site is stated; however, it does not encode the infectious indication, and ICHI's JG (debridement) action subsumes both excisional and non-excisional variants, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "171253004", "display" : "Exercise status screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of physical activity behaviours, which aligns with evaluating a person's exercise status, but it sits within the public-health/behavioural chapter and does not specifically represent a clinical screening test; HTM.AA.ZZ (assessment of exercise tolerance functions) is also adjacent but focuses on physiological function rather than activity status, so VEB.AA.ZZ is the best fit at the cost of being broader." }] }, { "code" : "410289001", "display" : "Exercises education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEB.PP.ZZ captures the counselling dimension of the SNOMED concept; the education component is separately coded as VEB.PM.ZZ and advising as VEB.PN.ZZ, but no single ICHI code combines all three elements (education, guidance, and counselling about exercise), so the counselling code is chosen as the best single approximation, making it wider relative to the full SNOMED scope." }] }, { "code" : "446134005", "display" : "Exploration and decompression of spinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.FC.AA \"Release of spinal canal\" covers the decompressive component of the procedure, and the separate code ABG.AE.AA covers exploration alone; no single ICHI code combines both actions. ABG.FC.AA is the better fit as decompression (release) is the operative intent, but it is slightly broader in that it does not explicitly encode the exploratory component." }] }, { "code" : "447880004", "display" : "Exploration and ligation of aneurysm of cerebral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical ligation of a cerebral artery aneurysm is a form of vascular occlusion; IAA.LA.AA \"Occlusion of intracranial artery\" is the closest available ICHI code for the ligation component, and no ICHI code specifies aneurysm clipping or ligation specifically. The code is wider because it encompasses all causes of intracranial artery occlusion and does not capture the exploratory element of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "42241006", "display" : "Exploration of cranium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In ICHI there is no dedicated \"exploration of skull/cranium\" code; craniotomy (MAA.FA.AA) is the standard open surgical access procedure performed to explore the cranium, and it is the closest available match. It is wider because craniotomy describes the access technique rather than the exploratory intent, and can be performed for reasons other than exploration." }] }, { "code" : "443455008", "display" : "Exploration of penetrating wound of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a hand-specific wound exploration code; LZZ.AE.AA covers open exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue (NEC) and is the best available match for surgically exploring a penetrating wound. It is wider because it is not specific to the hand and does not encode the penetrating wound context; the hand-specific codes in ICHI (MGB, MGJ, MGT, MGM blocks) are tissue-specific rather than wound-exploration oriented." }] }, { "code" : "397159007", "display" : "Exteriorization of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LI.AA", "display" : "Colostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Exteriorization of intestine is the surgical act of bringing a loop of bowel through the abdominal wall to create an external opening, which is precisely what a colostomy (or ileostomy) is; KBP.LI.AA (Colostomy) is a specific instance of intestinal exteriorization applied to the colon, making the SNOMED concept broader since it encompasses any segment of intestine (including small intestine), while the ICHI code covers only colonic exteriorization." }] }, { "code" : "40328001", "display" : "Exteriorization of maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAF.FA.AA", "display" : "Radical maxillary antrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Exteriorization of the maxillary sinus involves surgically opening the sinus to create external drainage, which corresponds most closely to a radical maxillary antrotomy (wide surgical opening of the antrum). ICHI does not have a specific \"exteriorization\" code, and the antrotomy code is broader in that it describes the incisional technique rather than the specific intent of exteriorization." }] }, { "code" : "36708009", "display" : "External fetal monitor surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "External fetal monitor surveillance (e.g., cardiotocography) is a non-invasive fetal assessment; ICHI's NMR.AA.ZZ captures the assessment action on the fetal structure but is broader because it does not specify the external/non-invasive modality or the monitoring-over-time nature of surveillance. The only fetal monitoring code ICHI has (NMR.AI.AC) is specifically internal monitoring, which is the opposite modality." }] }, { "code" : "449312000", "display" : "External fixation of phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "External fixation of a phalanx maps to application of an external immobilisation device to the bone of the hand or finger (MGB.LC.AH), which is the most specific ICHI code for this target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all bones of the hand and fingers, not just the phalanges, and does not distinguish hand from foot phalanges." }] }, { "code" : "288164006", "display" : "External manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PA", "display" : "Manipulation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Manipulation\" action code PA covers manual manipulation broadly without specifying the \"external\" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes externally applied manipulation (e.g. external cephalic version or joint manipulation from outside the body). The specific joint/region manipulation codes (e.g. MRJ.PA.AH) are each narrower and body-part-specific, so the action-level code PA is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "341939001", "display" : "Extracorporeal hemofiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hemofiltration specifically; NAA.JC.AF \"Renal dialysis\" is the closest available code, as it covers extracorporeal blood-cleansing interventions on the kidney, but it is broader — it encompasses hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and hemofiltration under one concept without distinguishing the filtration-only modality." }] }, { "code" : "439334000", "display" : "Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MQS.SC.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MQS.SC.BJ matches the extracorporeal shockwave modality (SC) delivered via ultrasound (BJ) to the lower limb, which covers the plantar fasciitis site, but is broader because it applies to any lower limb soft tissue target rather than specifically the plantar fascia; ICHI has no dedicated code for plantar fascia shockwave therapy." }] }, { "code" : "66226002", "display" : "Extraction of after cataract with capsulotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Capsulotomy\" (BBF.FA.AA) is the closest ICHI code — it covers incision/opening of the lens capsule within the lens block, which encompasses the capsulotomy component of after-cataract treatment. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes extraction of residual lens material (after cataract) combined with a capsulotomy rather than capsulotomy alone." }] }, { "code" : "51839008", "display" : "Extraction of primary membranous cataract by needling", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to needling as a technique, nor one for primary membranous cataract specifically. BBF.JK.AA \"Extraction of lens\" is the best available code within the lens block (BlockL5-BBF), covering extraction procedures on the lens; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the type of cataract (primary membranous) and the technique (needling/discission)." }] }, { "code" : "414168009", "display" : "Extraocular muscle posterior fixation suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.LC.AA covers all forms of ocular muscle fixation, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a posterior fixation suture (Faden procedure), which is a more precise surgical technique. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the posterior placement or suture method." }] }, { "code" : "91177008", "display" : "Eye examination under anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.AA.ZZ captures the eye examination (assessment) component of this concept, but ICHI does not encode the procedural context of general anesthesia within this code; the anesthesia aspect would require a separate extension code, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically constrains examination to the under-anesthesia setting." }] }, { "code" : "120085004", "display" : "Eye incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code for a generic \"incision of the eye\" — it codes incision by specific ocular structure (eyelid, cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, etc.). The SNOMED concept is a broad parent grouping, so the nearest ICHI grouping block \"Interventions on the visual system\" is assigned as wider; no single category code captures it without specifying the exact structure." }] }, { "code" : "120112007", "display" : "Eyelid transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"transposition of eyelid\" code. Eyelid transposition (a flap-based reconstructive technique) is best captured by \"Reconstruction of eyelid\" (BAA.ML.AA), which is broader since it encompasses all reconstructive approaches, not only transposition." }] }, { "code" : "711114005", "display" : "Facilitation of access to treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Referral to a health provider is the ICHI mechanism most equivalent to facilitating access to treatment at the individual level; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (any treatment, including non-health-provider-based) while UEP.TI.ZZ specifically represents the act of referral, making the ICHI code narrower in some respects but the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "975261000000102", "display" : "Facilitation of development of interaction skills", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in general interpersonal interactions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR2.PH.ZZ represents training to improve general interpersonal interaction ability, which aligns well with developing interaction skills; however, ICHI's code is broader in that it covers general interpersonal interactions and is not limited to skill development per se." }] }, { "code" : "1156688001", "display" : "Facilitation of grieving process", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Grieving is fundamentally an emotional process, and facilitating the grief process is most closely captured by counselling directed at emotional functions (AUD target). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all emotional functions, not specifically grief or bereavement, and no more specific grief-focused ICHI code exists." }] }, { "code" : "711117003", "display" : "Facilitation of impulse control", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Impulse control is a core component of higher-level cognitive (executive) functions in ICF/ICHI terminology; training of higher-level cognitive functions is the closest ICHI intervention type for an intervention that facilitates impulse regulation. The code is broader as it covers all higher-level cognitive functions, not just impulse control specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1156685003", "display" : "Facilitation of rest", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"sleep and rest behaviours\" block (VEC) is the closest match, covering interventions that support rest as a health-related behaviour; \"counselling\" is the best-fitting action for a facilitation/support intervention. The code is broader because it covers both sleep and rest, and \"counselling\" only partially captures \"facilitation\"." }] }, { "code" : "287946001", "display" : "Fallopian tube repair - graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.ML.AA", "display" : "Salpingoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Salpingoplasty in ICHI denotes plastic reconstruction of the fallopian tube, which encompasses graft-based repair; it is the most specific available code beyond the generic \"repair of fallopian tube\" and aligns with the reconstructive/graft intent of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader as salpingoplasty includes techniques other than graft specifically." }] }, { "code" : "311764000", "display" : "Family counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSJ.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code representing counselling with a family-relationships target, but its target axis (engaging in family relationships as an activity/participation domain) is broader than the clinical sense of family counselling as a therapeutic modality directed at the family unit; the ICHI code encompasses any counselling touching on family relationship engagement rather than structured family therapy." }] }, { "code" : "243115004", "display" : "Family support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCB.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from immediate family", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCB.RG.ZZ sits within the \"support from immediate family\" environment block and represents service provision in that context, which aligns well with the concept of family support as a clinical activity; however, it is somewhat broader in scope (covers systemic service provision not limited to direct patient support) and is restricted to immediate family, whereas the SNOMED concept is not so constrained." }] }, { "code" : "91157001", "display" : "Fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fascial graft\" as a SNOMED concept refers to harvesting of fascia for use as a graft material, corresponding most closely to MRS.JH.AA (procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft); however, ICHI's code only covers the harvesting/procurement step, not the full graft procedure including implantation, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1055204001", "display" : "Fat and oil modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ represents any modification to food broadly as a public/environmental health intervention, while the SNOMED concept is a specific clinical dietary intervention restricting or altering fat and oil content; the ICHI code captures the concept but is considerably broader, encompassing all types of food modification rather than this specific macronutrient-targeted dietary prescription." }] }, { "code" : "410291009", "display" : "Feeding procedures education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling in relation to ingestion functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for ingestion functions (the physiological act of taking in food/drink), which is the closest ICHI concept to feeding procedures education and counselling; however, the SNOMED concept also includes guidance and education components (not just counselling), and KTB.PM.ZZ (Education) and KTB.PN.ZZ (Advising) are siblings rather than a combined code, so no single ICHI code captures all three modalities." }] }, { "code" : "5807005", "display" : "Fenestration of inner ear, initial", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Fenestration of inner ear with graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCA.ML.AA is the only inner ear fenestration code in ICHI but specifies \"with graft,\" whereas the SNOMED concept describes the initial fenestration procedure without stipulating a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept (which may or may not involve a graft) and also does not capture the \"initial\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "86654005", "display" : "Fenestration of stapes footplate with incus replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.FA.AC", "display" : "Stapedotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stapedotomy (creating a small fenestration in the stapes footplate) captures the primary operative element, but ICHI has no single code for the combined footplate fenestration with incus replacement, so the ICHI code is broader than the more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "36285008", "display" : "Fenestration of vestibule with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Fenestration of inner ear with graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCA.ML.AA explicitly encodes both the fenestration technique and graft placement in the inner ear, closely matching this procedure targeting the bony vestibule; ICHI's \"inner ear\" target is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific anatomical site of the vestibule." }] }, { "code" : "386562007", "display" : "Fetal cranioclasis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cranioclasis is a specific destructive obstetric operation in which the fetal skull is crushed to enable delivery; NMR.GA.AC covers all forms of fetal destruction to facilitate delivery (craniotomy, decapitation, evisceration, etc.), making it the correct parent but semantically broader than cranioclasis alone." }] }, { "code" : "252946000", "display" : "Fetal kick chart", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for fetal kick counting or fetal movement charting; NUE.AI.ZZ is the closest available code, covering monitoring of pregnancy-related functions broadly, but it is considerably wider than the specific act of recording maternal perception of fetal movements on a kick chart." }] }, { "code" : "274473007", "display" : "Fetal manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AH", "display" : "External version of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fetal manipulation\" broadly encompasses any manual repositioning of the fetus, of which external cephalic version is the most common clinical form; NMR.LD.AH is the best available ICHI code but does not cover all possible fetal manipulations such as internal podalic version." }] }, { "code" : "398221005", "display" : "Fetal pH monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AI.AC", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal pH monitoring involves collecting fetal scalp blood samples to measure acid-base status during labour, which is an invasive internal procedure on the fetus; NMR.AI.AC is the closest available code and is broader, covering all forms of internal fetal monitoring without specificity to pH/blood-gas analysis." }] }, { "code" : "252949007", "display" : "Fetal stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal stimulation tests (vibroacoustic or scalp stimulation to assess heart rate reactivity) are a form of fetal assessment; NMR.AA.ZZ is the broadest and best available ICHI match, but ICHI has no code specific to stimulation-provoked fetal assessment." }] }, { "code" : "709117007", "display" : "Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental vessel for twin to twin transfusion syndrome", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.GA.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.GA.AB covers endoscopic destruction of placental vessels, which encompasses fetoscopic laser photocoagulation; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser/photocoagulation means, the fetoscopic approach, or the TTTS indication." }] }, { "code" : "173646008", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic balloon dilation of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD captures endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus, matching target and action; the ICHI code does not specify the balloon technique (versus bougie or other dilators), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly identifies balloon dilation." }] }, { "code" : "426690009", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic reduction of intussusception of gastroenterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic reduction of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers endoscopic repositioning/reduction of small intestine broadly but does not distinguish the gastroenterostomy site or the intussusception mechanism, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427389003", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic removal of gastrostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gastrostomy tube is precisely an internal device within the stomach removed via endoscopy; ICHI's code is broader, covering any internal device or foreign body and not specific to gastrostomy tubes." }] }, { "code" : "234797006", "display" : "Final cementation of crown to tooth - laboratory constructed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"cementation\" action code; crown cementation is classified under the broader \"Restoration of tooth\", which encompasses all restorative dental procedures including crown placement. The laboratory-constructed specificity is not distinguished." }] }, { "code" : "234798001", "display" : "Final cementation of crown to tooth - preformed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same as 234797006 — ICHI does not distinguish between laboratory-constructed and preformed crowns, nor does it have a dedicated cementation action; both concepts collapse into the broader \"Restoration of tooth\" category." }] }, { "code" : "709855000", "display" : "Finger brachial pressure index", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the finger-brachial pressure index (digital-to-brachial systolic pressure ratio used to assess peripheral arterial disease in the fingers); ITB.AB.AH is the generic vascular function measurement code and is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "183282001", "display" : "Finger-reading training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SAE.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in using other purposeful sensing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Finger-reading (Braille) is a tactile purposeful sensing activity; SAE.PH.ZZ sits within the ICHI block for \"Interventions on purposeful sensory experiences\" covering training in non-visual reading by touch, but it is broader as it covers all forms of purposeful sensing." }] }, { "code" : "236275005", "display" : "First stage of two-stage epispadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no epispadias-specific code; NGM.MK.AA (Repair of penis) is the broadest penile surgical repair code and the best available match, even though the urethral axis is also involved and ICHI does not distinguish staged procedures." }] }, { "code" : "236287003", "display" : "First stage urethra terminalizing operation using skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urethra terminalizing operation using a skin graft is a reconstructive urethral procedure; NAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code, capturing the reconstructive nature, though ICHI does not distinguish staged procedures or specify the skin graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "290038001", "display" : "Fit ear mold", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting an ear mold is the installation of a custom-made assistive device to the ear; PAB.DP.AH is the most anatomically specific ICHI code available for installing an assistive product at the head/neck region, since ICHI has no dedicated ear mold or hearing aid fitting code." }] }, { "code" : "30252008", "display" : "Fitting and dispensing of spectacles", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated assignable procedure code for spectacles fitting; spectacles are an assistive product worn on the head, and \"Installation of assistive product to head or neck\" is the most structurally appropriate code available, though considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "225178001", "display" : "Fitting flange of stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting a flange of a stoma appliance is a specific component of stoma appliance management; the ICHI code covers stoma management broadly (NEC) and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept which targets the specific flange fitting step." }] }, { "code" : "234820009", "display" : "Fitting of bite raising appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept: a bite raising appliance is a specific occlusal splint fitted to the teeth, while the ICHI code covers application of any dental device without specifying type or therapeutic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "225251006", "display" : "Fitting of cervical cap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cervical cap is a barrier contraceptive device fitted vaginally over the cervix; NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal vaginal device and is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader and does not capture the contraceptive purpose or the specific cervical target." }] }, { "code" : "1144279009", "display" : "Fitting of complete denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a complete (full) denture; KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device, making it a broader match that does not distinguish removable full prostheses from partial dentures or other dental devices." }] }, { "code" : "1231172007", "display" : "Fitting of complete fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to fixed orthodontic appliances (braces); KAE.LC.AC is the best available match as a broader code covering placement of any dental device, but it does not distinguish fixed from removable appliances or orthodontic from prosthetic intent." }] }, { "code" : "1144280007", "display" : "Fitting of complete overdenture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An overdenture is a removable prosthesis that fits over retained roots or implants; ICHI has no code distinguishing overdentures from other dentures, so KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code at a broader level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "1285005000", "display" : "Fitting of dental bridge to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a dental bridge (fixed partial denture); KAE.LC.AC is the closest assignable code within the Interventions on teeth block but is broader, encompassing any dental device rather than a bridge specifically." }] }, { "code" : "426222000", "display" : "Fitting of dental crown to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains \"Dental crown\" only as an extension/qualifier without an independent assignable code; \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) closely captures the restorative intent of crown fitting but is broader, encompassing all tooth restoration types." }] }, { "code" : "1285466009", "display" : "Fitting of dental trauma splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code for a dental trauma splint was found; \"Application of dental device\" is the best available assignable code within the teeth block, but it is broader than the specific act of fitting a trauma splint." }] }, { "code" : "1285644009", "display" : "Fitting of fixed functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code for orthodontic appliances (functional, fixed, twin block, bionator) was found; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest assignable code, covering application/management of external dental appliances broadly, but is wider than the specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "43362002", "display" : "Fitting of hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains \"Hearing aids\" only as a product extension code without a standalone procedural code; PAB.DP.AH captures the act of fitting an assistive device to the head region but is broader than hearing-aid fitting specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1144275003", "display" : "Fitting of immediate lower denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Application of dental device\" covers the act of fitting any dental device (including a denture) to the teeth/oral structures, but does not capture the specificity of \"immediate\" timing (fitted right after extraction) or the lower arch location. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1144277006", "display" : "Fitting of immediate upper denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the lower denture equivalent, \"Application of dental device\" covers denture fitting in general but does not distinguish the \"immediate\" post-extraction timing or the upper arch, making ICHI broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269338000", "display" : "Fitting of inlay to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental inlay is a specific type of intracoronal tooth restoration, and \"Restoration of tooth\" is the closest ICHI category encompassing it alongside all other restorative techniques (fillings, onlays, veneers, etc.); ICHI lacks a dedicated inlay code, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1259900009", "display" : "Fitting of intraoral appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Application of dental device\" is the best ICHI match for fitting any intraoral appliance (e.g., splints, retainers, guards), but it is broader because it covers all dental device applications without restricting to intraoral appliances specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1285649004", "display" : "Fitting of lower removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest ICHI code covering the fitting/management of removable dental appliances worn externally on teeth, but it does not capture the \"orthodontic\" purpose, \"removable\" nature, or \"lower arch\" specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1285014005", "display" : "Fitting of orthodontic band to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC captures the act of applying a device to the teeth, which aligns with fitting an orthodontic band; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any dental device, not specifically an orthodontic band, and does not distinguish between device subtypes or teeth." }] }, { "code" : "1269387003", "display" : "Fitting of orthodontic bracket", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting an orthodontic bracket is a specific instance of applying a dental device to a tooth; KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it encompasses all dental device applications rather than brackets specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1285450007", "display" : "Fitting of orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic retainer is an external dental appliance, and its initial fitting constitutes applying a dental device; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match but is broader, covering any dental device application regardless of type or orthodontic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1285468005", "display" : "Fitting of orthodontic separator", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic separator is a device placed on a tooth, making KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) the closest ICHI match; it is broader because it does not distinguish separators from other dental devices or capture the orthodontic context." }] }, { "code" : "1269323001", "display" : "Fitting of partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth and is broader than the specific procedure of fitting a removable partial denture. No ICHI code specific to partial dentures exists; this is the closest assignable category under \"Interventions on teeth.\"" }] }, { "code" : "13514002", "display" : "Fitting of pessary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pessary is an internal vaginal device, so NMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina) captures the core procedure well. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any internal vaginal device, not only pessaries, though the \"Vaginal pessary\" supplementary code exists to narrow the means axis." }] }, { "code" : "1284878006", "display" : "Fitting of post core to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A post-core is a restorative foundation placed in a prepared tooth before a crown, making KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all tooth restoration procedures rather than the specific post-core build-up technique." }] }, { "code" : "69406003", "display" : "Fitting of prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.DP.ZZ", "display" : "Installation of assistive products, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fitting of prosthesis\" in SNOMED is a broad unspecified concept, and UA1.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products, unspecified) is the closest general ICHI code for placing an assistive/prosthetic product without a specified body site or type. Both are non-specific, though the ICHI code sits in the environment/products chapter rather than a body-system chapter." }] }, { "code" : "1285042007", "display" : "Fitting of removable functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of external tooth appliances, which encompasses fitting a removable orthodontic device. The ICHI code is broader as it includes any external dental appliance management activity, not specifically removable functional orthodontic appliances." }] }, { "code" : "1286900002", "display" : "Fitting of removable orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for orthodontic retainers; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the best available match as it covers the application and adjustment of external dental appliances, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a removable orthodontic retainer in particular." }] }, { "code" : "1268672006", "display" : "Fitting of restoration to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" covers restorative dental work including on implant-supported restorations, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept since it does not specify that the restoration is being fitted to a dental implant specifically." }] }, { "code" : "18281003", "display" : "Fitting of spectacles, monofocal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for spectacle fitting; the closest available code is \"Installation of assistive product to head or neck,\" which encompasses fitting spectacles (an assistive visual product worn on the head/face), but is far broader and does not distinguish lens type (monofocal vs. multifocal)." }] }, { "code" : "50689005", "display" : "Fitting of spectacles, multifocal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the monofocal variant, ICHI lacks a specific code for multifocal spectacle fitting; \"Installation of assistive product to head or neck\" is the best available match but does not capture the type of spectacles, making both monofocal and multifocal SNOMED concepts map to the same broader ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1285647002", "display" : "Fitting of upper removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to removable orthodontic appliances or their arch (upper vs. lower); \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the best match as it covers external dental appliance management, but it is broader and does not capture the removable nature or the upper arch specification of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269406009", "display" : "Fitting of veneer to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental veneer is a specific type of tooth restoration (a thin facing bonded to the tooth surface), making \"Restoration of tooth\" the closest ICHI concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of tooth restoration, not only veneers." }] }, { "code" : "225177006", "display" : "Fitting seal of stoma appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting the skin-barrier seal of a stoma appliance is a specific component of stoma care maintenance; ICHI covers it only at the broader level of general stoma management. No ICHI code exists for the discrete act of applying or sealing the flange/barrier portion of a stoma system." }] }, { "code" : "225176002", "display" : "Fitting stoma bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Applying a stoma collection bag (pouch) is a specific component of stoma appliance management that ICHI captures only at the broader \"management of stoma\" level. ICHI does not distinguish between fitting the bag and other stoma care activities." }] }, { "code" : "65995008", "display" : "Fixation of cardinal ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cardinal ligament (Mackenrodt's ligament) is a primary supporting structure of the uterus, and its surgical fixation is performed to achieve uterine suspension/support. ICHI's \"Uterine suspension\" (NME.LC.AA) is broader because it covers uterine suspension by any means/ligament, while the SNOMED concept specifies fixation specifically of the cardinal ligament." }] }, { "code" : "1264406006", "display" : "Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth\" (cementing/bonding a pre-fabricated restoration such as a crown, inlay, or onlay to a tooth) is a subset of tooth restoration procedures. ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) is broader, encompassing all restorative work on teeth and not distinguishing between direct and indirect restorations or the fixation step specifically." }] }, { "code" : "66144000", "display" : "Fixation of palpebral ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for fixation of the palpebral (canthal) ligament; the closest available code is \"Repair of eyelid\" (BAA.MK.AA), which covers eyelid repair procedures broadly and is therefore wider than this specific ligament fixation. No canthal, canthoplasty, or canthopexy codes are present in the eyelid block." }] }, { "code" : "234804004", "display" : "Fixation of restoration to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) encompasses dental restorative procedures generally, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about attaching/fixing a prosthetic restoration onto a dental implant. The ICHI code is broader and does not distinguish the implant-attachment aspect of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "427326007", "display" : "Fixation of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of retina\" (BCC.MK.AA) is the closest available code and covers retinal repair procedures including retinopexy, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to fixation (e.g., pneumatic retinopexy or scleral buckling for retinal detachment). No dedicated retinopexy code exists within the ICHI retina block." }] }, { "code" : "276188006", "display" : "Fixation of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AA", "display" : "Vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.LC.AA covers \"vaginal suspension and fixation,\" which includes the fixation procedure but also encompasses suspension operations; the SNOMED concept is purely \"fixation of vagina,\" making the ICHI code slightly broader. The unspecified-approach variant (AA = open) is chosen over the transvaginal (AC) or laparoscopic (AB) variants since the SNOMED concept does not specify approach." }] }, { "code" : "70109007", "display" : "Fixed appliance therapy for tooth guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fixed appliance therapy for tooth guidance\" is an orthodontic intervention using bonded brackets/wires to guide tooth position, which falls within management of an external appliance of the tooth (KAE.SM.AC). The ICHI code is broader as it covers any management of an external tooth appliance, not specifically orthodontic guidance therapy." }] }, { "code" : "265568005", "display" : "Flexible cystoscopy and cystodiathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — diagnostic flexible cystoscopy plus therapeutic diathermy (electrocautery destruction) of bladder tissue. NAI.GA.AD captures the key therapeutic component (transurethral/endoscopic destruction of bladder tissue) but is broader as it does not specify the flexible cystoscopic approach and does not encode the combined diagnostic+therapeutic nature." }] }, { "code" : "431519005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.LH.AF maps the carotid stent insertion procedure percutaneously, capturing the core intervention (carotid stenting), but is broader in that it does not specify the common carotid specifically (vs. the extracranial carotid artery generally), nor the fluoroscopic angiography guidance modality with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "431872003", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery, so the best match is the broader abdominal or pelvic artery category. The ICHI code captures the stent insertion via percutaneous transluminal approach but does not encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance or the mesenteric artery specificity." }] }, { "code" : "433025006", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the inferior mesenteric artery concept, ICHI encodes stent placement in abdominal or pelvic artery at the group level only, with no code specific to the superior mesenteric artery, and does not capture the fluoroscopic angiographic guidance component." }] }, { "code" : "432429004", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.BA.BB", "display" : "Angiography of abdominal or pelvic vein with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IED section has no stent insertion or percutaneous dilatation code for abdominal or pelvic veins (unlike the artery section), so the best available ICHI code captures only the contrast venography component of the procedure and is broader by omitting the stent insertion and the mesenteric vein specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1255141008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guided transcatheter annuloplasty of tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.ML.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal reconstruction of tricuspid valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDH.ML.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering percutaneous transluminal (transcatheter) reconstruction of the tricuspid valve, which encompasses annuloplasty as a form of valve reconstruction. However, ICHI does not encode the dual-imaging guidance (fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography) used to direct the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1237589003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guided transcatheter repair of leaflet of tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDH.MK.AA covers repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus generally, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's more specific procedure (transcatheter leaflet repair guided by fluoroscopy and TEE). ICHI does have a percutaneous transluminal reconstruction code (HDH.ML.AF) but the SNOMED concept is specifically a repair (not reconstruction), and HDH.MK.AA does not encode the transcatheter/percutaneous approach or the imaging guidance, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "439517009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided adjustment of peripherally inserted central catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A PICC adjustment (repositioning of the catheter tip) maps most closely to ICD.LD.AA (repositioning of vein of upper limb), as a PICC is inserted via a peripheral vein of the upper limb and repositioning is the operative action. The ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance, contrast use, or the catheter-specific nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "870388004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cooled radiofrequency ablation of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cooled radiofrequency ablation is a percutaneous destruction technique applied to a nerve, matching the action (destruction) and approach (percutaneous) in ACA.GA.AE. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific energy modality (cooled RF vs. other destruction methods), the fluoroscopic guidance, and it is limited to peripheral nerves whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type." }] }, { "code" : "847101000000107", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus, which aligns with the core procedure (bronchial dilation via an endoscopic/transluminal approach). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the balloon technique (cutting balloon), the fluoroscopic guidance, or distinguish cutting balloon from standard balloon dilation." }] }, { "code" : "16547731000119108", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided diagnostic lumbar puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AH.AE is a direct match for lumbar puncture, capturing the target (spinal canal at lumbar level) and the action (aspiration/sampling). The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fluoroscopic imaging guidance specified in the SNOMED concept, nor the explicitly diagnostic intent." }] }, { "code" : "1296635004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is a catheter-based endoscopic procedure that ablates/destroys the duodenal mucosa; KBI.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum, which is broader as it does not specify mucosal resurfacing specifically, but is the closest available ICHI concept. The fluoroscopy guidance is not represented in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "431655007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided fibrin sheath stripping from central venous catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fibrin sheath stripping removes a fibrin sleeve that has formed around a central venous catheter, typically approached via the superior vena cava under fluoroscopic guidance; HIB.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of an internal device or foreign body from the superior vena cava, which is the nearest anatomical and procedural match in ICHI but is broader, as it does not specifically encode fibrin sheath stripping or the use of contrast." }] }, { "code" : "1332236008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) is a specific type of permanent endocardial defibrillator system implanted percutaneously; HFC.DN.AF is the closest ICHI code covering this device class, but it is broader because it does not distinguish cardiac resynchronization therapy (biventricular pacing) from conventional pacemaker or ICD implantation, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "699203009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided implantation of venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A venous access port is implanted percutaneously into a central thoracic vein (typically subclavian or internal jugular, terminating in the superior vena cava), and IDB.DL.AF — percutaneous transluminal insertion of a device into a vein of the thorax — is the best anatomical fit; however, it is broader since it does not specify a port (versus catheter or stent) and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "725822006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided injection of cervical spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a fluoroscopy-guided injection specifically targeting a cervical spinal nerve root (a common pain-management procedure); ABN.DB.AE covers injection into spinal nerve (percutaneous approach) but is broader as it applies to any spinal nerve level and does not distinguish nerve root from nerve trunk, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic guidance or cervical level specificity." }] }, { "code" : "431987007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of apheresis catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JC.AF", "display" : "Therapeutic apheresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Therapeutic apheresis\" captures the apheresis procedure itself (blood separation/removal via extracorporeal circuit) but is broader — it does not specify catheter insertion, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use. There is no ICHI code for catheter placement specifically for apheresis access, so this is the closest clinically relevant code." }] }, { "code" : "1356832005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of cardiac pacemaker with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code matches the percutaneous transluminal route of pacemaker lead insertion into the endocardium, which is consistent with the fluoroscopy-guided approach, but it is broader in that it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, and it refers specifically to a temporary system rather than any pacemaker. If the intent is a permanent pacemaker, HFC.DN.AF would be the alternative, but HFC.DL.AF is the best procedural analogue for fluoroscopy-guided endocardial catheter insertion for pacing." }] }, { "code" : "433154003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into cardiac ventricle for stimulation with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of a catheter into the cardiac ventricle for electrical stimulation is functionally equivalent to temporary endocardial pacing lead placement; the ICHI code captures this via percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion but does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast or limit the target to the ventricle specifically." }] }, { "code" : "431645008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into inferior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code matches the anatomy (inferior vena cava) and the percutaneous transluminal approach used in fluoroscopy-guided catheter insertion, but is broader because it covers any intraluminal device (filter, stent, catheter) and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium." }] }, { "code" : "431216004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into pulmonary artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.AB.AF", "display" : "Right heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fluoroscopy-guided pulmonary artery catheter insertion; right heart cardiac catheterisation (HZB.AB.AF) is the closest procedural concept, as a pulmonary artery catheter is advanced through the right heart to reach the pulmonary artery. However, this ICHI code is broader — it encompasses the full right heart catheterisation procedure and does not specify the pulmonary artery target, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "736276004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of central venous catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for central venous catheter insertion; IDB.DL.AF (percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax) captures the key elements of target (thoracic vein, which encompasses subclavian/internal jugular approaches) and percutaneous approach, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers any device in any thoracic vein and does not specify catheter type, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "736281008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE captures percutaneous device insertion into the spinal canal, which is the structural equivalent of intrathecal catheter placement; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device inserted into the spinal canal via any percutaneous route, without specifying catheter type or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "432113002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of temporary cardiac pacemaker with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF is a strong match capturing the percutaneous/endovascular approach and temporary pacemaker insertion; it is coded as wider because the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopic guidance or contrast use, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly encodes those procedural details." }] }, { "code" : "432042008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of catheter into hepatic vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hepatic vein catheter insertion — the hepatic vein (an abdominal vein) is not covered by the thoracic vein block (IDB) nor the portal vein block (IEF), and the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED) only has a specific catheter code for umbilical vein; IZD.DL.AF (percutaneous insertion into vein NEC) is the best available match but is considerably broader, covering any unspecified vein without specifying hepatic target, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "431646009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of catheter into renal vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated renal vein target; the residual code IZD.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device/catheter insertion into any vein not individually classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal vein. The fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance is not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "430284002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous laser ablation of short saphenous vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The small/short saphenous vein is a lower limb vein, and endovenous destruction (GA = destruction, AF = endovascular/percutaneous transluminal) matches the laser ablation procedure; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific vessel (short saphenous vs great saphenous) or the laser technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "431532000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous retrograde balloon embolization of occlusion of gastric vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gastric vein is a tributary of the portal venous system, so endovascular embolisation of portal vein and branches is the best available ICHI fit; the ICHI code does not capture the retrograde balloon technique, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the specific gastric vein target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1336128009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transhepatic insertion of catheter into biliary tract with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA covers device/catheter insertion into the biliary tract but does not encode the percutaneous transhepatic approach, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a distinct interventional radiology technique." }] }, { "code" : "233476002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of arteriovenous fistula using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for AV fistula angioplasty; the best fit is percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb, which covers the balloon dilatation action and the most common AV fistula location (forearm/upper arm), but is broader in that it encompasses any upper limb artery rather than specifically an AV fistula." }] }, { "code" : "1344860003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of mesenteric artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so this code captures the correct anatomical region and procedure type (percutaneous transluminal dilatation), but is broader because it encompasses all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "722199001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of spinal artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for spinal artery and spinal arteries do not fit cleanly into any available regional block (upper limb, thorax, abdominal/pelvic), so the residual \"artery not elsewhere classified\" category is the most appropriate, capturing the percutaneous transluminal dilatation action while being anatomically non-specific." }] }, { "code" : "700494002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon occlusion of vertebral artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vertebral artery is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, and ICHI has no dedicated vertebral artery code; IBA.LA.AF (endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck) correctly captures both the endovascular approach and the occlusion action, but is broader because it covers all extracranial head and neck arteries." }] }, { "code" : "438413004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of carotid artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated code for carotid artery balloon test occlusion that matches the procedural intent precisely, but it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance, percutaneous transluminal approach, or use of contrast medium that are specified in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader in terms of technique detail." }] }, { "code" : "843171000000109", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of internal carotid artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers balloon test occlusion of the carotid artery extracranially but does not distinguish the internal carotid artery from the common or external carotid, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the internal carotid; additionally the fluoroscopy guidance and contrast are not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "441633002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into internal jugular vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and device insertion (stent is a device) into a head and neck vein, which encompasses the internal jugular vein, but the code is broader because it covers all veins of the head and neck and any device type, and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance or contrast." }] }, { "code" : "438414005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of internal iliac artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The internal iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.LA.AF is the closest ICHI code anatomically and procedurally. ICHI is broader because it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries (not just internal iliac), does not distinguish temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "700069009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of subclavian artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of thoracic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian artery is a thoracic vessel, making IDA.LA.AF the best anatomical fit in ICHI. ICHI is broader because it encompasses all thoracic arteries, does not distinguish temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "700068001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of subclavian vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian vein is a thoracic vein, making IDB.LA.AF the most appropriate anatomical match. ICHI is broader because it covers all thoracic veins rather than the subclavian specifically, does not differentiate temporary balloon occlusion from permanent embolisation, and omits the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance detail." }] }, { "code" : "713077000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of automatic cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal removal approach and the defibrillator device type, aligning well with the SNOMED concept. ICHI is broader because it also covers pacemaker removal (not only defibrillators) and does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "448198004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for percutaneous removal of a cardiac defibrillator system. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish the biventricular (CRT-D) device subtype from other ICD or pacemaker systems, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "447976005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AF covers percutaneous transluminal removal of any pacemaker or defibrillator system, which encompasses biventricular (CRT) devices, but the ICHI code does not distinguish biventricular systems from single- or dual-chamber devices, and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713044004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac pacemaker with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AF is the best structural match for percutaneous pacemaker removal via a transluminal route, but it is broader because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast imaging means specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719655009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of drain from chest", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JD.AE", "display" : "Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via a percutaneous approach, which aligns well with chest drain removal, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies imaging guidance as part of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "718856002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JD.AC is the best-fitting code as IUD removal is performed transvaginally and the target (internal device in uterus) matches the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance and applies to any internal uterine device or foreign body, not specifically a contraceptive device." }] }, { "code" : "710203005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic contrast enema for reduction of intussusception of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of colon by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.LD.AC captures the core procedure — reduction of colon by enema — which is exactly the mechanism used to treat intussusception of the colon. However, the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, contrast, or the intussusception aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "16555451000119104", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of left knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the knee joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, the therapeutic intent, or left-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "16549351000119106", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of left wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the wrist joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, therapeutic intent, or left-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "16549001000119105", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.DB.AE directly represents injection into the hip joint, matching the anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, therapeutic intent, or right-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "16549151000119108", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.DB.AE covers injection into the knee joint, matching the anatomical target and therapeutic injection action, but ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance or right-side laterality within this code." }] }, { "code" : "16549301000119107", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided therapeutic injection of right wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.DB.AE captures the core procedure — percutaneous injection into the wrist joint — but omits fluoroscopic guidance and right-side laterality that are explicit in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "175852005", "display" : "Flushing of central line", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF represents maintenance of intravenous access, the closest ICHI concept to flushing a central venous line to preserve patency. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all maintenance activities for IV access rather than the specific act of flushing, and does not specify a central line." }] }, { "code" : "1255676006", "display" : "Flushing of implantable venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically addresses flushing of an implantable port; IZD.SN.AF is the best available approximation as it covers upkeep of venous access devices. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all venous access maintenance rather than the specific device or flushing action." }] }, { "code" : "1264382006", "display" : "Follow-up for combined therapy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to oncology follow-up or combined-modality treatment review; the closest available concept is the general unspecified health management encounter, which is broader than this highly specific post-treatment surveillance visit." }] }, { "code" : "1264383001", "display" : "Follow-up for combined therapy of surgery and chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific coding for post-surgical/post-chemotherapy follow-up or combined-modality oncology surveillance; the unspecified health management encounter is the most defensible available code, though substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1264384007", "display" : "Follow-up for combined therapy of surgery and radiation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any dedicated oncology follow-up or combined surgery-plus-radiotherapy surveillance code, making the unspecified whole-person health management encounter the only plausible mapping, at the cost of significant loss of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "87790002", "display" : "Follow-up inpatient consultation visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish inpatient vs outpatient care settings or initial vs follow-up consultation encounters; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest whole-person encounter concept but is considerably broader, omitting both the inpatient context and the follow-up/consultation nature of the visit." }] }, { "code" : "410293007", "display" : "Food education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ captures only the education component of the SNOMED concept, which also encompasses guidance and counseling about food; from the SNOMED→ICHI direction, the SNOMED concept is wider than the ICHI code (i.e., the ICHI code is narrower). The relationship per FHIR R4 ConceptMap from SNOMED to ICHI is therefore that ICHI is narrower / SNOMED is wider — coded here as \"wider\" reflecting the SNOMED side; alternatively can be considered narrower from the inverse view." }] }, { "code" : "11624006", "display" : "Forced extension of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Forced extension of limb\" is a specific forcible manipulation applied to a limb joint, while ICHI's closest code covers joint manipulation generically at an unspecified site without specifying direction (extension) or forced/forcible nature." }] }, { "code" : "274463005", "display" : "Forcible deformity correction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Forcible deformity correction is typically achieved through forced manipulation of a joint or soft tissue structure, and ICHI's joint manipulation at unspecified site is the closest available concept; ICHI has no dedicated code for deformity correction by forcible means." }] }, { "code" : "61501008", "display" : "Forensic autopsy, extensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's single autopsy code covers the general procedure without any qualifier for forensic purpose or extent; the SNOMED concept is more specific (forensic context and extensive scope), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "177130000", "display" : "Forewater rupture of amniotic membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Forewater rupture (amniotomy) is a specific surgical technique used to induce labour by incising the amniotic membranes, but NMM.FA.AC covers all forms of surgical labour induction. No more granular ICHI code for amniotomy exists." }] }, { "code" : "265308006", "display" : "Formal myringoplasty using biological graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.MK.AC", "display" : "Myringoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBB.MK.AC is a direct named match for myringoplasty in the ICHI tympanic membrane block, but it does not specify the graft material (biological vs. synthetic); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is constrained to a biological graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "85041007", "display" : "Formation of conduit of right ventricle and pulmonary artery in repair of pulmonary artery atresia in truncus arteriosus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBB.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBB.LI.AA captures the core surgical act — creating a conduit between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arterial tree — matching the SNOMED procedure's anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the underlying diagnosis (pulmonary artery atresia in truncus arteriosus)." }] }, { "code" : "51146001", "display" : "Formation of cutaneous ureterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cutaneous ureterostomy is a specific form of urinary diversion where the ureter is brought directly through the skin; NAE.LI.AA is the closest code available but encompasses all types of urinary diversion rather than this specific cutaneous technique." }] }, { "code" : "176340003", "display" : "Free graft urethroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra generally, which encompasses urethroplasty; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of using a free graft (as opposed to pedicled flap or anastomotic repair)." }] }, { "code" : "229130007", "display" : "Frowning exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Frowning exercises are a specific facial muscle rehabilitation technique; MU2.PH.ZZ covers training of muscle functions broadly (the \"not elsewhere classified\" residual under interventions on muscle functions), which is wider than this specific frontalis/corrugator muscle exercise." }] }, { "code" : "384708008", "display" : "Fulguration", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fulguration is a specific electrosurgical destruction technique (sparking without direct contact); ICHI has no code for the technique itself as a standalone modality, and LZZ.GA.AH represents destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue with unspecified means at the NEC level — broader than fulguration but the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "173308005", "display" : "Full restoration of crown of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers restoration of tooth in general; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a full (complete) crown restoration rather than any restorative procedure." }] }, { "code" : "783286008", "display" : "Full thickness graft of skin to skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA specifies the anatomical target (head or neck) and the reconstruction action (graft), matching the destination site of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not distinguish full-thickness from split-thickness grafts." }] }, { "code" : "783285007", "display" : "Full thickness graft of skin to skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to the head or neck region generally without specifying graft thickness; the SNOMED concept is narrower because it specifies full-thickness and restricts the target to neck skin only. The ICHI code does not have a child code that further specifies full-thickness graft to the neck alone, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "266699008", "display" : "Functional electrical skeletal muscle stimulation procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly, which encompasses functional electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category and does not explicitly distinguish functional electrical stimulation (FES) from other muscle stimulation modalities, but it is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "172924008", "display" : "Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - anterior ethmoidectomy and frontal recess dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAH.JJ.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic ethmoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAH.JJ.AD captures the primary and defining procedure component — endoscopic ethmoidectomy — of this FESS operation; however, the SNOMED concept is more specific, combining anterior ethmoidectomy with frontal recess dissection, a detail not represented in ICHI's single-code structure. The frontal recess dissection component (which could additionally map to JAG.FA.AD, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy) has no combined ICHI code, so the dominant ethmoid procedure is used." }] }, { "code" : "172931007", "display" : "Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - postoperative division of adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.FC.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic release of adhesions of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.FC.AD is the closest ICHI code for endoscopic release of adhesions in the sinonasal region; no specific ICHI code exists for endoscopic release of adhesions within the sinuses or paranasal sinuses, so the nasal adhesiolysis code provides the best anatomical and procedural fit. The ICHI code is wider because it targets the nose rather than the sinus cavity specifically, and does not capture the postoperative context or the FESS setting." }] }, { "code" : "172930008", "display" : "Functional endoscopic sinus surgery - postoperative removal of polyps under local anesthetic", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a postoperative setting, polyps as the lesion type, and local anaesthetic as the means, whereas JAE.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of any lesion of the paranasal sinus without specifying the postoperative context or lesion type, making it broader. This is the closest available ICHI code capturing the endoscopic excision of a sinus lesion; the specific polyp tissue type and postoperative setting are not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "20074002", "display" : "Galeaplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Galeaplasty is a surgical repair/reconstruction specifically of the galea aponeurotica, the fibromuscular layer of the scalp; ICHI has no code targeting the galea specifically, so LAA.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck) is used as the best available broader anatomical match." }] }, { "code" : "86924002", "display" : "Gallium scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gallium scan is a radioisotope (nuclear medicine) imaging study, and PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope scan modality; the ICHI code is broader because it covers the whole body without specifying the gallium-67 tracer or any targeted organ/region that a clinical gallium scan may focus on." }] }, { "code" : "236912008", "display" : "Gamete intrafallopian transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.DH.AB", "display" : "Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.DH.AB directly describes reproductive transfer procedures performed at the fallopian tube, which aligns well with GIFT; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures (including, for example, zygote or embryo transfers) rather than specifically transferring unfertilised gametes as in GIFT." }] }, { "code" : "176843009", "display" : "Gamete intrauterine transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies intrauterine transfer of gametes; the uterine reproductive transfer code covers the target site and transfer action, but ICHI's title is broader and does not distinguish gametes from other transferred reproductive material." }] }, { "code" : "275844006", "display" : "Gamma globulin administration", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) is a blood-derived protein product; ICHI has no dedicated immunoglobulin infusion code, and the closest match is intravenous transfusion of blood or blood products, which is broader as it covers all blood products, not specifically immunoglobulin preparations." }] }, { "code" : "287810009", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis revision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a gastric anastomosis code but no dedicated revision or take-down/redo variant; the base gastric anastomosis code is the closest available match, though it does not capture the revision/redo nature of the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader in this instance." }] }, { "code" : "118155006", "display" : "Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single assignable ICHI category covers all GI endoscopy; endoscopic codes are distributed across individual organ-level blocks (oesophagus, stomach, intestine, etc.). The parent block \"Interventions on gastrointestinal tract\" is the appropriate assignment for this broad SNOMED category concept, and is wider because it includes non-endoscopic interventions." }] }, { "code" : "118153004", "display" : "Gastrointestinal tract repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has organ-specific repair codes (e.g., KBF.MK.AA \"Repair of stomach\", KBA.MK.AA \"Repair of oesophagus\") but no single code covering repair of the gastrointestinal tract as a whole. The closest grouping is the block \"Interventions on gastrointestinal tract,\" which is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies repair as the procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "183217004", "display" : "Gastrostomy bag adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of gastrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for adjustment of a gastrostomy bag (an external appliance); the closest available code is PTA.SN.AC \"Management of gastrostomy,\" which covers management of the gastrostomy as an artificial body opening and is broader than the specific bag-adjustment activity described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385810009", "display" : "Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube insertion assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Gastrostomy assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTA.AA.ZZ \"Gastrostomy assessment\" covers the gastrostomy component of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no separate code for nasogastric tube assessment, making this a wider match that omits the nasogastric tube insertion assessment aspect entirely." }] }, { "code" : "28040002", "display" : "General health panel", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is broader than a \"health panel,\" which in clinical practice specifically refers to a defined set of laboratory tests ordered together; ICHI's code covers the overall assessment encounter rather than the specific act of ordering or performing a multi-test laboratory panel." }] }, { "code" : "105388003", "display" : "General home assistance of patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCH.RG.ZZ covers the delivery of support services via personal care providers and personal assistants, which is the closest ICHI concept to home assistance; however, ICHI does not distinguish the home setting or the \"general\" nature of the assistance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "390816003", "display" : "General psychiatric care of adults of working age", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for psychiatric or mental health care as a service type; PZB.ZZ.ZZ (health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest generic encounter-level code, but it is considerably broader and does not capture the psychiatric domain or the working-age adult population qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "391170007", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - 1 to 2 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a psychiatric-specific care code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest available match for a clinical encounter, but it does not represent the psychiatric specialty, the older-adult population, or the contact frequency qualifier (1–2 contacts/week)." }] }, { "code" : "391171006", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - 1 to 3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode psychiatry-specific care episodes or contact-frequency qualifiers; PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures only the generic health encounter dimension and is therefore substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "391146008", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - 24 hour intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"24-hour intensive\" qualifier implies inpatient or crisis-level psychiatric monitoring, but ICHI has no code for intensive or inpatient psychiatric care; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the least-wrong generic option, though it lacks the psychiatric, intensity, and older-adult dimensions of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "391149001", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for inpatient/24-hour non-intensive psychiatric care of older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ captures the general health management encounter at the whole-person level but is broader, as it does not specify the psychiatric specialty, 24-hour setting, non-intensive intensity, or older-adult population." }] }, { "code" : "391153004", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - 3 to 5 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes an ambulatory/community psychiatric service at a specific contact frequency (3–5 times per week) for older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept for an undifferentiated health management encounter but is considerably broader, lacking any specification of contact frequency, psychiatric specialty, or patient age group." }] }, { "code" : "391172004", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - <1 contact/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept denotes very low-intensity (less than monthly) psychiatric follow-up for older adults; PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the best available ICHI approximation for a general health encounter but is far broader, encoding none of the defining attributes (contact frequency, psychiatric specialty, or geriatric population)." }] }, { "code" : "391152009", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Daily intensive psychiatric care of older adults implies a high-contact, intensive-level psychiatric service; ICHI does not encode intensity levels or specialty-specific encounter types, so PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents the closest generic whole-person health management encounter, but remains substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "391150001", "display" : "General psychiatric care of older adults - Full day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes a psychiatric day-care (partial hospitalisation) programme for older adults; ICHI has no dedicated day-hospital or partial-hospitalisation psychiatric code, so PZB.ZZ.ZZ (health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest approximation, though it does not capture the day-care setting, psychiatric specialty, or older-adult focus." }] }, { "code" : "788339009", "display" : "Genetic consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PYA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Genetic counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PYA.PP.ZZ is the only assignable ICHI code in the \"Interventions on genome\" block and it maps to counselling specifically; a consultation is a broader event that may or may not include counselling, so PYA.PP.ZZ is the closest available match — a genetic counselling code being used to represent the broader genetic consultation concept." }] }, { "code" : "423039003", "display" : "Genetics education, guidance, counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PYA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Genetic counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PYA.PP.ZZ covers the counselling component of this SNOMED concept well, but the SNOMED term explicitly encompasses education and guidance in addition to counselling, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in action scope — however from ICHI's perspective the code is the only genetic intervention available and is broader in that it does not specify the education/guidance sub-types, making it wider relative to the full SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "33697008", "display" : "Geriatric counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no age-specific (geriatric) counselling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest match as a whole-person counselling intervention not elsewhere classified, but it is broader because it applies to any patient population and does not capture the geriatric specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173342001", "display" : "Gingiva operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAG", "display" : "Interventions on gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category grouping all gingival operations rather than a specific procedure, so no single ICHI leaf code is an appropriate match; the ICHI block BlockL5-KAG (\"Interventions on gum\") covers the full range of gingival procedures including biopsy, excision, repair, destruction, and gingivoplasty, making it the best structural equivalent as a block-level assignment." }] }, { "code" : "431815008", "display" : "Giving clear oral fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with drinking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Practical support with drinking\" is the closest ICHI code for the act of giving a patient oral fluid, as it covers assistance with the activity of drinking. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a clinical act of administering clear oral fluid (e.g., as a pre/post-procedural instruction), rather than rehabilitative support with the drinking activity." }] }, { "code" : "439114007", "display" : "Giving cool drink", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with drinking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes a clinical nursing act of providing a cool drink to a patient; \"practical support with drinking\" is the nearest available ICHI category but is broader, encompassing all forms of assistance with the drinking activity rather than the specific act of providing a cool beverage." }] }, { "code" : "427546003", "display" : "Glue closure of skin wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to adhesive/glue wound closure; \"Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC\" covers wound repair broadly regardless of technique (suture, staple, glue), so the ICHI code is wider than the glue-specific SNOMED concept. The NEC variant is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify a body region." }] }, { "code" : "425942005", "display" : "Gluing of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the specific technique of adhesive/glue application to the cornea; \"Repair of cornea\" is the closest code and encompasses all corneal repair methods including gluing, making it broader than the glue-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "5456004", "display" : "Graft of lymphatic structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.ML.AA covers reconstruction/grafting of lymphatic vessels specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to lymphatic structures broadly (including nodes and other structures); the ML (reconstruction/graft) action aligns well, but the ICHI target is narrower to vessels only, making the SNOMED concept broader than this code." }] }, { "code" : "234911004", "display" : "Graft of mucosa to mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.ML.AA captures reconstruction (including grafting, ML action) of the oral cavity (KAZ target) and is the best available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying mucosa as the graft material and mouth as the recipient site, while the ICHI code is broader, covering any oral cavity reconstruction not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "234910003", "display" : "Graft of skin to mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.ML.AA (reconstruction of oral cavity, NEC) is the best ICHI match for a skin graft to the mouth, as the oral cavity is the target and ML denotes reconstruction/graft; LAA.ML.AA (skin graft to head or neck) is less precise anatomically, and KAZ.ML.AA subsumes the broader set of oral reconstructions including skin grafts." }] }, { "code" : "287387009", "display" : "Graft to nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Reconstruction of nose\" (ML = reconstruction/graft action on nose target) covers the concept of grafting to the nose, but it is broader in that it encompasses all reconstructive approaches to the nose, not only graft procedures specifically." }] }, { "code" : "287744008", "display" : "Graft to ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of ureter\" captures the surgical repair or augmentation of the ureter using a graft, but the ICHI code covers all reconstructive techniques (not exclusively grafts), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "23235002", "display" : "Grafting of auricle of ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of auricle of ear\" in ICHI targets the identical anatomical site (auricle) with a reconstruction/graft action (ML axis), making it the closest match; it is wider because it encompasses all reconstructive methods for the auricle beyond grafting alone." }] }, { "code" : "26113008", "display" : "Grafting of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of breast\" maps precisely to the breast target with ML (reconstruction/graft) action and is the best available ICHI code; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because breast reconstruction in ICHI is not limited to grafting techniques specifically." }] }, { "code" : "442235000", "display" : "Grafting of corneal patch to eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Keratoplasty (BBB.ML.AA) is the standard ICHI code for corneal grafting/transplantation procedures and covers the concept of applying a corneal patch graft. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of keratoplasty (penetrating, lamellar, DSEK, etc.), whereas SNOMED specifies the more limited \"patch graft\" technique." }] }, { "code" : "350515003", "display" : "Grafting of external auditory meatus of ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external auditory canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAE.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external auditory canal (which includes the meatus), and a graft is one technique used to achieve that reconstruction. The ICHI code is wider because \"reconstruction\" encompasses a range of techniques beyond grafting specifically, but it is the best available match for this anatomical target and operative intent." }] }, { "code" : "58385009", "display" : "Grafting of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.ML.AA", "display" : "Salpingoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Salpingoplasty (NMC.ML.AA) is the ICHI code for reconstruction/plastic repair of the fallopian tube, which is the operative category that encompasses fallopian tube grafting. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because salpingoplasty includes reconstructive techniques beyond grafting alone (e.g., patch repair without graft, tuboplasty), but it is a better fit than the generic NMC.MK.AA \"Repair of fallopian tube.\"" }] }, { "code" : "439574007", "display" : "Grafting of full thickness free graft to trunk with direct closure of donor site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.ML.AA covers all skin grafting to the trunk but does not distinguish full-thickness free grafts from other graft types or capture the direct closure of the donor site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The extension code XG2SS9 (Full thickness skin graft, autograft) could be appended to refine the graft type, but the base code is still wider." }] }, { "code" : "699575002", "display" : "Grafting of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a hand-specific skin graft code; the most specific available code covers the entire upper limb, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the hand as the target site." }] }, { "code" : "1290261002", "display" : "Grafting of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.ML.AA covers laryngeal reconstruction broadly, which encompasses grafting as one technique, but the ICHI code does not specifically denote grafting and would also include non-graft reconstructive approaches, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "86947001", "display" : "Grafting of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.ML.AA covers lip reconstruction broadly (including flaps, local tissue rearrangements, and grafts), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes grafting as the technique; the ICHI code is thus wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "9790003", "display" : "Grafting of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of penis) is the closest ICHI code — the ML action axis covers reconstruction/grafting procedures — and no more specific graft code exists for the penis. The ICHI code is broader because \"reconstruction\" encompasses many techniques beyond grafting specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234687006", "display" : "Grafting of periodontal bone defect", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has bone graft codes for named skeletal sites (spine, femur, mandible, etc.) but none specific to the alveolar/periodontal region; the periodontal gum block (KAG) has no bone graft code. MRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site) is the best available match, being broader because it does not specify the periodontal/alveolar target site." }] }, { "code" : "1335739008", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Nerve graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.ML.AA covers nerve grafts not classified elsewhere under the broader \"Interventions on nervous system, not elsewhere classified\" block, making it a reasonable fit for the generic SNOMED concept of grafting tissue to the nervous system; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it could encompass grafts at any unspecified neural site." }] }, { "code" : "1354617003", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates the pharynx into nasopharynx (JAM) and oral pharynx (KAR), so neither code covers the full anatomical scope of the unqualified SNOMED \"pharynx\"; KAR.ML.AA is the closest clinical match, but the ICHI code's action (reconstruction, ML axis) is also broader than a graft specifically, making this a wider mapping." }] }, { "code" : "1354616007", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for a tissue-grafting procedure on the rectum, but the ICHI action axis ML (reconstruction) is broader than grafting specifically — it encompasses any reconstructive technique on the rectum, not exclusively grafting." }] }, { "code" : "1354615006", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.ML.AA covers reconstructive procedures on the stomach including grafting, but the ML action axis is broader than tissue grafting alone, encompassing all forms of reconstruction; no more specific graft-only code exists for the stomach in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1332317000", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Reconstruction of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.ML.AC covers reconstructive procedures on the tongue and is the closest ICHI match, but the ML action axis is broader than tissue grafting specifically, encompassing all reconstructive approaches to the tongue rather than graft procedures exclusively." }] }, { "code" : "68431006", "display" : "Grafting of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the trachea, which encompasses grafting as one technique within that broader category; ICHI does not distinguish a specific tracheal graft code separate from reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "17127005", "display" : "Grafting of vein with patch", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for vein patch grafting; IZE.ML.AA (reconstruction of blood vessel NEC) is the closest residual category, but it is broader as it applies to any blood vessel by any reconstructive technique." }] }, { "code" : "438580006", "display" : "Grafting to aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIF", "display" : "Intervention on ascending aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single unifying \"grafting to aorta\" code; the aorta is divided into ascending, thoracic descending, abdominal, aortic arch, and aortic root sections, each with its own reconstruction code. The parent block is assigned as the best available anchor for an unspecified aortic segment." }] }, { "code" : "438581005", "display" : "Grafting to great vessel of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Great vessels of the thorax\" includes aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, SVC, and IVC; IDA.ML.AA (reconstruction of artery of thorax) is the closest single code for the arterial great vessels, but excludes venous great vessels and aortic-specific codes." }] }, { "code" : "304040003", "display" : "Grafting to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Grafting to skin\" is generic regardless of body site; LZZ.ML.AA is the residual NEC category that captures ungrouped skin grafts. ICHI has site-specific codes (LAA, LAB, LAE, LAG) so the NEC code is the best fit for the unspecified concept." }] }, { "code" : "410295000", "display" : "Growth/development education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers education, guidance, and counselling together, whereas ETM.PM.ZZ covers only the education component. The SNOMED concept is broader than what ICHI captures in this single code." }] }, { "code" : "1255164005", "display" : "Halal diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Halal diet is a specific religiously prescribed dietary regimen, while UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) covers any modification to food content or type; the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the religious/cultural specificity." }] }, { "code" : "30081003", "display" : "Hallux valgus correction with sesamoidectomy and tendon graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MOB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a multi-component procedure combining osteotomy, sesamoid excision, and tendon grafting at the first MTP joint; no single ICHI category captures this combination, so the encompassing block for foot/toe musculoskeletal structures is the best available representation." }] }, { "code" : "119658000", "display" : "Hand destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic \"destruction of hand\" category; the hand musculoskeletal interventions block (MGB) is the broadest applicable grouping, though it is wider since it includes all intervention types on hand structures, not just destructive ones." }] }, { "code" : "228540009", "display" : "Hand therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"hand therapy\" code; the discipline encompasses rehabilitation of hand musculoskeletal structures, falling under the hand musculoskeletal interventions block. Function-level rehabilitation codes capture only one component each, so the block is the closest single representation." }] }, { "code" : "408934002", "display" : "Harmful pattern of substance use prevention assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.AA.ZZ covers assessment across all unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours, encompassing the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to harmful patterns or to a prevention context." }] }, { "code" : "180831006", "display" : "Harvest of bone from skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no skull-specific bone procurement code — the skull block (MAA) lacks a JH (procurement) action. MRB.JH.AA covers bone harvest for graft at an unspecified skeletal site, making it broader than the skull-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "1202033006", "display" : "Harvest of flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"harvest of flap\" category across all tissue types; this residual code specifies skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than any unspecified flap type, yet is the most general flap-harvest code available." }] }, { "code" : "180793002", "display" : "Harvest of flap of muscle of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of muscle of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no trunk-specific muscle procurement code. MRM.JH.AA covers muscle procurement for graft at an unspecified site, capturing the procedure type correctly but losing the trunk-specific and flap-specific detail." }] }, { "code" : "180755007", "display" : "Harvest of sheet of fascia from pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no fascia procurement code specific to the thoracic or pleural region; MRS.JH.AA captures the procedure type (procurement of fascia for graft) correctly but does not encode the pleural cavity origin." }] }, { "code" : "386320004", "display" : "Health system guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.PN.ZZ covers advising about the full scope of health services, systems and policies, broader than \"guidance\" alone, but is the best-fitting ICHI code for a guidance-type action targeting the health system." }] }, { "code" : "110462006", "display" : "Health technology assessment procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for health technology assessment as a distinct procedure; UEP.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, targeting the health services/systems environment with an assessment action, but is broader and not specific to evaluating technologies." }] }, { "code" : "281656009", "display" : "Hearing aid provision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-CT2", "display" : "Interventions on ear functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for supplying or fitting an external hearing aid device; the closest fit is the block \"Interventions on ear functions,\" broader than the specific act of providing/fitting a hearing aid. Cochlear implant codes apply only to surgically implanted devices." }] }, { "code" : "108250004", "display" : "Hearing therapy AND/OR auditory rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-CTB", "display" : "Interventions on hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's block groups education (CTB.PM.ZZ), advising (CTB.PN.ZZ), and assessment codes for hearing, but contains no single code that captures the full scope of hearing therapy or auditory rehabilitation as a combined intervention." }] }, { "code" : "34068001", "display" : "Heart valve replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes valve replacement at the level of individual valves (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid) but has no single unspecified \"heart valve replacement\" code; the parent block covers all heart valve interventions and is the appropriate wider match for this valve-agnostic concept." }] }, { "code" : "33468001", "display" : "Hematology procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Hematology procedure\" is a vague umbrella for any clinical act in haematology; the closest ICHI equivalent is the unspecified residual category for the haematopoietic/lymphatic system, broader than any specific haematological act but representing the same domain." }] }, { "code" : "395059005", "display" : "Hemoglobinopathy screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hemoglobinopathy/sickle-cell screening; \"Test of functions of the haematological system\" covers haemoglobin electrophoresis or HPLC used in such screening, but is broader than this specific disease-group test." }] }, { "code" : "425732004", "display" : "Hemorrhagic fever virus serology screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Viral serology against hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Dengue, Lassa) is an immunological assay; ICHI's \"Test of functions of the immunological system\" is the closest assignable code, broader than this specific viral serology context." }] }, { "code" : "40093005", "display" : "Hepatitis A virus measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for Hepatitis A virus serology or antigen/antibody measurement; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable procedural code, considerably broader than a targeted Hepatitis A assay. The essential laboratory tests block covers Hepatitis B and C markers but not Hepatitis A." }] }, { "code" : "698604002", "display" : "Hepatitis B outbreak education", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for disease-specific outbreak education; DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about immunity and infectious disease function, broader than education specifically targeting a Hepatitis B outbreak context." }] }, { "code" : "50465008", "display" : "Hernia repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single generic \"hernia repair\" code; only type-specific repairs (inguinal/femoral/umbilical) plus the generic \"Repair of abdominal wall.\" The SNOMED concept is broad and unspecified, so the closest fallback is unspecified abdominal wall repair, wider as it does not constrain to hernia." }] }, { "code" : "243155002", "display" : "High frequency oscillatory ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only one assignable code for artificial/mechanical ventilation with no sub-types distinguishing oscillatory, pressure-controlled, or volume-controlled modes; broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes HFOV." }] }, { "code" : "243153009", "display" : "High frequency positive pressure ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate ventilatory modes — JTB.DE.AC covers all forms of artificial ventilation and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept of high frequency positive pressure ventilation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446447006", "display" : "High ligation of hydrocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LA.AE", "display" : "Ligation of patent processus vaginalis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.LA.AE is the closest match — hydrocele \"high ligation\" targets the patent processus vaginalis at the internal inguinal ring, which is precisely what this code describes; ICHI is slightly wider as it does not specify \"high\" ligation as distinct from other levels." }] }, { "code" : "177131001", "display" : "Hindwater rupture of amniotic membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for artificial rupture of membranes (amniotomy); NMM.FA.AC is the closest concept within the amnion/placenta block, as hindwater amniotomy is performed to induce labour, but is broader as it encompasses all surgical induction methods." }] }, { "code" : "73470004", "display" : "Hinging of mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Hinging\" is a specific annuloplasty/leaflet-mobilisation repair technique on the mitral valve; HDF.MK.AA covers all open repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus, broader than this specific technique but the best available category in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1303662001", "display" : "Hip joint denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hip joint denervation surgically destroys/ablates the articular nerve branches supplying the hip joint, which maps best to ACA.GA.AA; wider because it is not specific to hip articular branches — ICHI has no joint-level or hip-specific nerve destruction code." }] }, { "code" : "714797009", "display" : "Histologic test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 is the closest ICHI match (an extension code under \"Essential laboratory tests\"); it covers histopathological examination of tissue (disease-focused), broader than \"histologic test\" — histology encompasses both normal and pathological tissue, whereas histopathology specifically implies disease analysis." }] }, { "code" : "63332003", "display" : "History AND physical examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically combining history-taking with physical examination as a composite procedure; \"General health assessment\" is the closest match under \"Interventions on whole person,\" broader in scope than the specific paired SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "207195004", "display" : "History and physical examination with evaluation and management of nursing facility patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not capture the setting-specific detail (nursing facility) or the combined history/physical/management encounter; \"General health assessment\" is the broadest relevant match, considerably broader than this administratively detailed SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "209099002", "display" : "History and physical examination with management of domiciliary or rest home patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode care setting (domiciliary/rest home) or combined history-physical-management encounters; \"General health assessment\" is the nearest available code, substantially broader than this setting-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "84100007", "display" : "History taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AN.ZZ covers an interview directed at the whole person — the closest ICHI equivalent to clinical history taking — but is broader, encompassing any type of interview rather than specifically the structured elicitation of medical history." }] }, { "code" : "704126008", "display" : "Home visit for anticoagulant drug monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AC.ZZ captures the functional test of the haematological system (which includes coagulation testing such as INR/PT) but does not specify anticoagulant drug monitoring or the home visit setting; broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than specifically drug-related coagulation monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "439058005", "display" : "Home visit for care and maintenance of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC covers ongoing management of an internal device (such as an indwelling urinary catheter) for the urinary bladder, which aligns well with catheter care/maintenance, but does not encode the home visit setting and is broader than catheter-specific maintenance." }] }, { "code" : "441244001", "display" : "Home visit for cystostomy care and maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cystostomy tube (suprapubic catheter) is an internal device of the urinary bladder, so NAI.SN.AC is the best available match; however, it does not encode suprapubic/cystostomy tube type or the home visit setting, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440696002", "display" : "Home visit for intramuscular injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.DB.AE covers injection into muscle at an unspecified site, matching the IM injection procedure but not capturing the home visit delivery context; broader as it applies regardless of care setting." }] }, { "code" : "440611006", "display" : "Home visit for marriage counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSM.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in intimate relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSM.PP.ZZ is the closest match — it covers counselling targeted at intimate partnerships — but the target is \"intimate relationships\" broadly rather than marriage specifically, and the home visit setting is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "439887005", "display" : "Home visit for mechanical ventilation care", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC represents artificial/mechanical ventilation as a respiratory function intervention; aligns with the core clinical act but does not differentiate home-based ongoing ventilation management from acute hospital initiation, nor capture the care-management dimension." }] }, { "code" : "440068009", "display" : "Home visit for newborn care and assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically covers newborn or neonatal care/assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the newborn population, the home visit setting, and encompasses care beyond assessment." }] }, { "code" : "410296004", "display" : "Homemaking education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SO2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SO2.PM.ZZ covers education about household tasks but the SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling, which ICHI separates into distinct codes (PM/PN/PP); no single ICHI code spans all three actions simultaneously." }] }, { "code" : "771647002", "display" : "Hook wire localization and excision of lesion of breast using radionuclide guidance with radioactive isotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JI.AA matches the core surgical act — local excision of a breast lesion — but is broader because it does not encode the wire/radionuclide localisation technique or radioactive isotope guidance; no single ICHI code captures the full combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "176455008", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of hydrocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of testes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis, and NGL.JB.AE is the only ICHI code that covers percutaneous aspiration of the testicular region; however, it targets the testis broadly rather than the hydrocele sac specifically, and does not encode the diagnostic qualifier, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274391001", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of a joint at an unspecified anatomical site, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish drainage for diagnostic purposes from therapeutic drainage, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "274385003", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JB.AE correctly captures percutaneous drainage/aspiration of the kidney as an anatomical target and approach, but ICHI does not encode the diagnostic intent — the code applies equally to therapeutic drainage — making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "298111005", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.JB.AE correctly captures the anatomical target (liver) and percutaneous approach used in diagnostic aspiration, but ICHI does not differentiate diagnostic from therapeutic drainage, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428769000", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of orbit proper", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JB.AA", "display" : "Aspiration of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes aspiration of the orbit but does not specify the diagnostic purpose, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly diagnostic. The anatomical target (orbit proper vs. orbit) is effectively equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "178016006", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection of peritoneal fluid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diagnostic aspiration of the peritoneal cavity (diagnostic paracentesis) is functionally equivalent to specimen collection of peritoneal fluid, as both describe obtaining fluid for diagnostic purposes; ICHI frames it as specimen collection rather than aspiration, making it slightly broader in procedural scope." }] }, { "code" : "174769006", "display" : "Diagnostic percutaneous aspiration of lesion of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the percutaneous biopsy of pancreas (KCO.AD.AE) as the closest match; in ICHI the action axis \"AD\" covers biopsy/specimen-taking which encompasses aspiration for diagnostic purposes. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not specify that the target is a lesion (versus general pancreatic tissue), making the ICHI concept wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "165170005", "display" : "Diagnostic psychology", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Diagnostic psychology\" as a SNOMED concept refers to the broad application of psychological methods for assessment and diagnosis of mental conditions; the best ICHI match is AS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified), which captures the assessment/diagnostic intent applied to mental functions. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any assessment of mental functions without specifying the psychological/clinical-psychology discipline or diagnostic purpose specifically." }] }, { "code" : "275811000", "display" : "Diaphragm fit", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting a contraceptive diaphragm; the closest available code covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific act of fitting a contraceptive diaphragm. No contraceptive-device-specific fitting code exists in ICHI for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "90243001", "display" : "Diathermy of lesion of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina by any modality and at any site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies destruction specifically of a retinal lesion using diathermy (electrical current); the ICHI code is therefore broader in both target scope and means. BCC.GA.BA (destruction by radiotherapy) is the only means-differentiated sibling, confirming that diathermy-specific destruction maps to the general BCC.GA.AA." }] }, { "code" : "236836008", "display" : "Diathermy of lesion of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva by any method, while the SNOMED concept is specifically destruction of a vulval lesion using diathermy; no means-specific or lesion-specific destruction code exists for the vulva in ICHI, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "301876002", "display" : "Diathermy of wart", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diathermy of a wart is a destruction of a skin lesion, but ICHI has no wart-specific code; LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site (NEC), which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it does not specify the lesion type (wart) or body site, and the means axis (AH = without incision/non-incisional) is consistent with diathermy/electrocoagulation." }] }, { "code" : "435691000124100", "display" : "Diet modified for specific foods or ingredients", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Diet modified for specific foods or ingredients\" describes a therapeutic dietary specification (e.g., allergen elimination, gluten-free), which aligns most closely with ICHI's \"Food modification\" under the environment/products-and-technology chapter; however, UAB.DA.ZZ is broader as it covers any food modification without specifying the clinical context of targeting specific foods or ingredients." }] }, { "code" : "410173005", "display" : "Dietary regime assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dietary regime assessment\" is an evaluation of what a patient eats/their dietary pattern, which maps to assessment of eating behaviours in ICHI; the ICHI code is wider because it covers the full scope of eating behaviours (not only a formal dietary regime), and it sits within the public health/behavioural chapter rather than a clinical patient assessment context." }] }, { "code" : "167197004", "display" : "Digestive function tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which encompasses functional testing of the digestive system. The ICHI code is wider because it includes any form of assessment (clinical, investigative, functional), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes diagnostic testing of digestive function." }] }, { "code" : "426302001", "display" : "Digital fasciectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.JJ.AA covers excision of fascia (and ligament) of hand or finger, which anatomically encompasses the finger (digit), making it the best available match for digital fasciectomy (Dupuytren's contracture excision of palmar/digital fascia). The ICHI code is wider as it also includes ligament excision and the full hand, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies fasciectomy of the finger/digit only." }] }, { "code" : "1268994001", "display" : "Digital tomosynthesis guided insertion of infrared reflector localization marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous (image-guided) insertion of a device into the breast, which aligns with the procedure class, but it does not capture the tomosynthesis imaging guidance specifically nor the infrared reflector localization marker device type. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses any percutaneous device insertion into the breast regardless of guidance modality or device." }] }, { "code" : "13091001", "display" : "Dilation and curettage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JE.AC is the dedicated ICHI code for dilatation and curettage of the uterus, which precisely matches the clinical procedure denoted by the SNOMED concept (D&C is a gynecologic procedure of the uterus). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies the uterus as the site while the SNOMED term is anatomically unqualified, though in standard clinical usage D&C is universally understood as uterine." }] }, { "code" : "235571007", "display" : "Dilation of anastomosis of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LH.AA", "display" : "Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers dilatation of the biliary duct in general, without distinguishing between a native duct stricture and an anastomotic stricture; the code also presupposes device insertion, whereas the SNOMED concept leaves the technique unspecified. KCM.LH.AA is the only assignable dilatation category for bile duct without a specific approach qualifier, making it the closest available match despite being broader." }] }, { "code" : "13171005", "display" : "Dilation of cardiac sphincter of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter/cardia) is the functionally distinct target in this SNOMED concept — most commonly dilated for achalasia — but ICHI codes the entire oesophagus as the target without a sub-site for the LES or cardia. KBA.LG.AC is the only unspecified-approach oesophageal dilatation category available, and no KBE (gastroesophageal junction) dilatation code exists, making it the best but anatomically broader match." }] }, { "code" : "274973002", "display" : "Dilation of cervix uteri and curettage for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JE.AC captures the D&C procedure on the uterus precisely, but ICHI does not specify the clinical indication (termination of pregnancy) within this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which restricts the procedure to termination of pregnancy. The procedural mechanics are an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "176827002", "display" : "Dilation of cervix uteri and vacuum aspiration of products of conception from uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JB.AC (Suction curettage of uterus) directly corresponds to the vacuum/suction aspiration technique applied to the uterus, which is the standard surgical method for early termination of pregnancy. ICHI does not encode the indication (products of conception / termination) or the cervical dilation component explicitly, so the code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "193289008", "display" : "Dilation of pancreatic sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.LG.AA codes dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi, which encompasses both the biliary and pancreatic components of that sphincter complex. The SNOMED concept refers specifically to the pancreatic sphincter (sphincter of the pancreatic duct), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448033008", "display" : "Dilation of tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to dilation of an existing tracheostomy stoma. JBA.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the trachea broadly, which is the anatomical site but does not specifically target the tracheostomy opening; the tracheostomy management block (PTC) contains no dilatation code at all, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "712639003", "display" : "Hook wire localization of lesion of breast using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hook wire localization is a percutaneous procedure in which a localization wire (device) is inserted into the breast under imaging guidance, fitting within LCA.DL.AE. However, ICHI does not capture the specific device type (hook wire vs. other markers) or the imaging guidance qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385763009", "display" : "Hospice care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated palliative or hospice care code; UEP.RG.ZZ is the broadest applicable category for the organised delivery of a specialised care service, but it encompasses all health service provision, making it substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept of hospice care." }] }, { "code" : "182657004", "display" : "Hot baths - therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.ZZ.BS covers therapeutic full-body immersion hydrotherapy, which encompasses hot baths used for therapy; however, it is broader because it does not specify the temperature (hot) of the water, applying to any immersion hydrotherapy regardless of thermal character." }] }, { "code" : "229575003", "display" : "Hot rocks treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hot rocks treatment is a specific superficial heat application using heated stones placed on body areas, which falls under peripheral body warming in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any technique for warming peripheral body temperature, not specifically the hot stone modality." }] }, { "code" : "229576002", "display" : "Hot towels treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hot towels treatment is a superficial moist heat application to peripheral body areas, which falls within the ICHI concept of peripheral body warming. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all peripheral warming techniques and does not distinguish towel application as a specific modality." }] }, { "code" : "385745009", "display" : "Hydration status regulation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hydration status assessment maps well to the assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function, as hydration directly reflects body water and electrolyte homeostasis. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also encompasses mineral and electrolyte balance beyond hydration status alone." }] }, { "code" : "46903006", "display" : "Hydrotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has three separate hydrotherapy codes (full immersion, partial upper limb, partial lower limb), whereas the SNOMED concept \"Hydrotherapy\" is unspecified as to body part or extent of immersion. PZA.ZZ.BS is selected as the most general (whole-body) form available as a single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "361227009", "display" : "Hymenoptera hyposensitization therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to allergen/venom immunotherapy or Hymenoptera hyposensitization; the closest structural match is DTB.DB.AE, which captures the predominant route and mechanism of allergen immunotherapy. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any percutaneous immunological agent administration." }] }, { "code" : "401118009", "display" : "Hypertension annual review", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood pressure functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept of a structured annual disease review; the closest functional match is ITA.AA.ZZ, which captures the core clinical act within a hypertension review. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any single assessment of blood pressure function, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a scheduled comprehensive annual management review." }] }, { "code" : "236898007", "display" : "Hysteroscopic endometrial laser ablation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AD", "display" : "Endometrial ablation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.GA.AD covers hysteroscopic endometrial ablation (the AD means encodes the hysteroscopic approach), but it does not specify the laser modality specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which names laser as the precise means." }] }, { "code" : "64562004", "display" : "Hysterotrachelorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.MK.AC", "display" : "Other repair of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hysterotrachelorrhaphy is surgical suture repair of a lacerated cervix uteri (trachelorrhaphy = cervix repair), which maps well to NMF.MK.AC; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it is a residual/catch-all repair-of-cervix category rather than naming the specific suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "391513009", "display" : "ICT malaria screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5VR9", "display" : "Plasmodium spp. Antigens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICT (immunochromatographic test) for malaria is an antigen-detection rapid diagnostic test targeting Plasmodium antigens, which aligns with XG5VR9 in the ICHI essential laboratory tests block; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any Plasmodium antigen test rather than specifically the immunochromatographic lateral-flow format." }] }, { "code" : "440687002", "display" : "Identification of oocyte in follicular fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JH.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal oocyte retrieval", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for the laboratory identification/confirmation step of finding an oocyte in follicular fluid; the closest concept is transvaginal oocyte retrieval, which is the broader procedural context within which oocyte identification occurs." }] }, { "code" : "440688007", "display" : "Identification of spermatozoa from specimen obtained by aspiration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JH.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous sperm procurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous sperm procurement captures the aspiration method used to obtain the specimen, but ICHI does not have a distinct code for the subsequent laboratory identification of spermatozoa from that specimen; the SNOMED concept focuses on the identification step, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "359607004", "display" : "Ileopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ileopexy (surgical fixation of the ileum) maps well to fixation of the small intestine; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers all small intestinal fixation procedures, not specifically the ileum, but it is the most precise available code." }] }, { "code" : "183212005", "display" : "Ileostomy bag adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Management of enterostomy is the most appropriate ICHI code for ileostomy bag adjustment, as it covers ongoing management of an artificial bowel opening; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all enterostomy types and management activities beyond bag adjustment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "178006003", "display" : "Image controlled percutaneous drainage of pelvic abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity broadly, which encompasses pelvic collections/abscesses, but it is not limited to the pelvic region and does not encode the image-guidance aspect. ICHI has no dedicated code for image-guided percutaneous drainage of a pelvic abscess specifically." }] }, { "code" : "429401008", "display" : "Image guided balloon dilation of colorectal stricture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBZ.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes endoscopic dilatation of specific colorectal segments (colon, sigmoid, rectum) but none of these individually cover the full colorectal extent; KBZ.LG.AD as the large intestine NEC residual is the broadest available match, though it does not capture image guidance or balloon technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "16631961000119101", "display" : "Image guided endovascular insertion of inferior vena cava filter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIC.DL.AF maps the percutaneous transluminal (endovascular) insertion of a device into the IVC, which is the correct target, action, and approach. The code does not distinguish the specific device type (filter) nor image guidance, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1263754008", "display" : "Image guided percutaneous gastrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AJ", "display" : "Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device in stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AJ captures percutaneous endoscopic insertion of a device into the stomach, which best represents a percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement. Image-guided (radiological/fluoroscopic) gastrostomy is not separately encoded in ICHI; the code implies endoscopic rather than purely image-guided guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1366137004", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous cryoablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE correctly captures the target (kidney), action (destruction of lesion or tissue), and approach (percutaneous), but the means axis does not differentiate cryoablation from other destructive modalities such as radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1196997006", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of ankle joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNJ.JB.AE matches exactly on target (ankle joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous), but the means axis does not encode imaging guidance, so the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any percutaneous ankle drainage regardless of whether imaging was used to guide the needle." }] }, { "code" : "1196994004", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of elbow joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.JB.AE captures the target (elbow joint), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous) exactly, but does not encode the imaging guidance component. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that imaging is used to guide the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "708609009", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of finger joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the finger or hand joint but is broader in two ways: it groups finger and hand joints together rather than isolating the finger joint specifically, and it does not encode the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708610004", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of hip joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.JB.AE matches the target (hip joint), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous) precisely, but does not capture the imaging guidance specified by the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "708611000", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.JB.AE correctly represents percutaneous drainage of the knee joint but lacks the imaging guidance qualifier present in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "1255426000", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.JB.AE precisely matches the target (liver), action (drainage), and means (percutaneous), but ICHI does not encode the imaging guidance component within this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708812005", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"Puncture of lung\" (action JB = drainage/puncture, means AE = percutaneous) as the only percutaneous lung drainage code, but the title \"Puncture\" is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes drainage with imaging guidance. The imaging guidance component and the explicit drainage intent are not captured in the ICHI title." }] }, { "code" : "708682003", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pelvic cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pelvic cavity drainage code; the pelvic cavity is anatomically a subdivision of the abdominopelvic/peritoneal cavity, so KMA.JB.AE is the best available match, but it covers the broader peritoneal cavity rather than the pelvis specifically and does not capture imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1196996002", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (shoulder joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous) precisely, but does not encode the imaging guidance component — the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1196995003", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of wrist joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI matches on target (wrist joint), action (drainage), and approach (percutaneous), but the imaging guidance specified in the SNOMED concept is not represented in the ICHI code, making ICHI broader." }] }, { "code" : "1338008002", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous insertion of indwelling tunneled catheter with cuff into pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AE is the closest available ICHI code — it captures the pleural cavity target and percutaneous approach, but does not encode the specifics of an indwelling tunneled cuffed catheter (as opposed to simple drainage) or the imaging guidance, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1367624009", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous insertion of nephrostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.LI.AE matches well on the procedure type (nephrostomy) and approach (percutaneous), but ICHI does not encode the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1256090000", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AE correctly captures percutaneous destruction of liver tissue and is the best available ICHI match, but it is considerably broader — it does not encode the specific technique (irreversible electroporation), the imaging guidance, or the restriction to neoplasm as the target tissue type." }] }, { "code" : "427158008", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous occlusion of colorectal fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for percutaneous image-guided occlusion of a colorectal fistula; the colon repair code (KBP.MK.AA) is the broadest applicable code that encompasses fistula closure in the colon, but it is wider in that it covers all colon repairs, is open-approach by default, and does not address the rectum component of \"colorectal.\" No ICHI code exists for percutaneous fistula occlusion of the colon or rectum." }] }, { "code" : "418285008", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of blood vessel with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises percutaneous transluminal dilatation (its term for angioplasty) by specific vessel; IZA.LG.AF is the closest generic NEC code for an unspecified artery, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept in that it does not capture the imaging guidance with contrast medium, and it is restricted to arteries rather than any blood vessel (vein codes exist separately as IZD.LG.AF)." }] }, { "code" : "426775000", "display" : "Imaging guided removal of colorectal stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.JD.AA covers removal of internal devices (which includes stents) from the colon and is the best ICHI match; it is wider because it encompasses all internal devices (not just stents), uses an open approach by default rather than image-guided percutaneous, and covers only the colon rather than the combined colorectal (colon + rectum) territory of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "277586005", "display" : "Imaging guided removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body or device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.JD.AE is the only site-nonspecific percutaneous foreign body removal code in ICHI, sitting under the \"any site, not elsewhere classified\" block, making it the best available generic match; it is wider because it also covers removal of internal devices (not just foreign bodies) and does not specify imaging guidance as required by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1338001008", "display" : "Imaging guided removal of indwelling tunneled catheter with cuff from pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JD.AE", "display" : "Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JD.AE covers removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via percutaneous approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's core action (removing a tunneled pleural catheter), but ICHI does not distinguish tunneled/cuffed catheter types or the imaging guidance used for the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "177217006", "display" : "Immediate repair of obstetric laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum, which is the primary anatomical site of obstetric lacerations, but ICHI does not distinguish obstetric context, timing (immediate), or the specific grade/extent of laceration that can involve perineum, vagina, or anal sphincter." }] }, { "code" : "707794004", "display" : "Immobilization using extrication splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH is the NEC code for application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which captures the splint application action, but ICHI does not distinguish the extrication/rescue context, the full-body spinal immobilisation purpose, or the specific device type (e.g. Kendrick Extrication Device) implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386042006", "display" : "Immune system evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AA.ZZ maps closely to evaluation of the immune system, but it is scoped to functional assessment of the immunological system rather than structural evaluation of immune organs (lymph nodes, thymus, spleen), making the ICHI code broader than the full range of what \"immune system evaluation\" may encompass in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "384810002", "display" : "Immunization/vaccination management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VDA", "display" : "Interventions on immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level administrative/managerial category encompassing the full range of immunization programme activities; the ICHI block BlockL4-VDA (Interventions on immunisation behaviours) is the best structural fit as it groups all immunisation-targeted interventions, though as an organizational block it is broader than any single assignable code and cannot be narrowed to one specific ICHI category code." }] }, { "code" : "252318005", "display" : "Immunology laboratory test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of immunological system function broadly, which encompasses immunology laboratory testing, but the ICHI code is broader — it includes functional tests beyond purely laboratory-based assays and does not specify the laboratory setting or methodology." }] }, { "code" : "31019002", "display" : "Implantation of artificial heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"total artificial heart\" code; HZZ.DN.AA is a residual category for implantation of cardiac assist devices across the whole heart, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it also encompasses other cardiac assist devices that are not total artificial hearts." }] }, { "code" : "699135001", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac defibrillator lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the full pacemaker/defibrillator system as a unit and has no separate \"lead only\" implantation code; HFC.DN.AF encompasses the entire system (generator and leads) via the percutaneous endocardial approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers solely to lead placement." }] }, { "code" : "429064006", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish CRT-P (biventricular pacemaker) from a conventional pacemaker system; HFC.DN.AF covers all percutaneous endocardial permanent pacemaker or defibrillator implantations, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker implantation." }] }, { "code" : "66816004", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac temporary transvenous pacemaker system during and immediately following cardiac surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF matches the transvenous (endocardial) route and temporary nature of the pacemaker insertion, but does not capture the SNOMED-specific qualifier that the procedure occurs during or immediately following cardiac surgery. ICHI is therefore broader, lacking that peri-operative context." }] }, { "code" : "309407004", "display" : "Implantation of complex one wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers permanent endocardial (transvenous/intravenous) pacemaker implantation, which aligns with the intravenous route and permanence implied, but ICHI does not distinguish single-lead (\"one wire\") from multi-lead systems, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "309408009", "display" : "Implantation of complex two wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The same ICHI code applies as for the one-wire variant, because ICHI does not differentiate between single-chamber and dual-chamber (two-wire) permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26573008", "display" : "Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DN.AA", "display" : "Insertion of penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.DN.AA covers insertion of a penile prosthesis broadly and aligns with the procedural action and target, but does not specify the inflatable/hydraulic subtype that the SNOMED concept designates; the inflatable variant exists only as an extension value in ICHI, not as a standalone assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "395218007", "display" : "Implantation of internal cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures the standard transvenous (percutaneous transluminal endocardial) route for ICD implantation and explicitly includes defibrillator systems. It is wider because it also covers pacemakers, whereas the SNOMED concept is exclusively a defibrillator." }] }, { "code" : "231713005", "display" : "Implantation of intracorneal ring", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.DL.AC is the only ICHI code covering placement of an implant within the cornea, aligning with an intracorneal ring (e.g., INTACS for keratoconus). It is wider because it encompasses any corneal implant, not exclusively an intrastromal ring segment." }] }, { "code" : "231039001", "display" : "Implantation of neurostimulator electrode onto spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DL.AA covers open insertion of a device (which includes a neurostimulator electrode) at the spinal nerve target, matching the anatomical site and the device-placement action. It is wider because it does not specify the electrode type or the \"onto\" (extraneural/surface) placement relationship." }] }, { "code" : "171666009", "display" : "Implantation of neurostimulator into cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of cranial nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code covers insertion of any device into a cranial nerve (target AAN, action DL = insertion of device), which encompasses a neurostimulator but is not restricted to it. No more specific neurostimulator-only cranial nerve code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "12809001", "display" : "Implantation of non-inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DN.AA", "display" : "Insertion of penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI maps to insertion of any penile prosthesis without distinguishing inflatable versus non-inflatable subtypes; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying the non-inflatable (malleable/semirigid) variant." }] }, { "code" : "81921000112100", "display" : "Implantation of osseointegrated bone anchor into bone of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the unspecified facial bone, which includes an osseointegrated bone anchor (commonly used for bone-anchored hearing systems or craniofacial prostheses), but is not restricted to osseointegrated anchors specifically." }] }, { "code" : "75409000", "display" : "Implantation of outflow tract prosthesis in total repair of tetralogy of Fallot", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.ML.AA", "display" : "Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot as a single procedure, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the outflow tract prosthesis implantation step within that total repair; no more granular ICHI code for the outflow tract component alone exists." }] }, { "code" : "784162006", "display" : "Implantation of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF captures the permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via percutaneous transluminal (intravenous) approach. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance as the means; fluoroscopy is standard for this approach but is not encoded as a distinct axis value in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "175142009", "display" : "Implantation of permanent intravenous cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intravenous (transvenous/endocardial) route matches the \"percutaneous transluminal\" means axis (AF) in HFC.DN.AF, and both describe permanent implantation. The ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems, whereas the SNOMED concept is pacemaker-only." }] }, { "code" : "414470005", "display" : "Implantation of phakic intraocular lens implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA is the most appropriate code for lens implantation into the eye. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between phakic lens implantation (where the natural crystalline lens is retained) and standard pseudophakic implantation; ICHI encodes prosthetic lens insertion generically." }] }, { "code" : "373415004", "display" : "Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for posterior chamber IOL implantation, as it covers insertion of any prosthetic lens. It is wider because ICHI does not differentiate between anterior and posterior chamber placement; the posterior chamber specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured in any distinct ICHI axis value." }] }, { "code" : "1255218005", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens into left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens but does not encode laterality (left vs. right) in the base code; the SNOMED concept is more specific by specifying the left eye. Laterality would need to be expressed via an ICHI extension code appended to BBF.ML.AA." }] }, { "code" : "1255221007", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens into right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA is the correct procedural code for intraocular lens implantation but does not capture the right-eye laterality expressed in this SNOMED concept; a laterality extension would be required to fully represent the concept." }] }, { "code" : "427288008", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic intraocular lens with suture fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA captures the core procedure (insertion of a prosthetic lens) but does not encode the suture fixation technique, which is a clinically meaningful distinction in this SNOMED concept; no more specific ICHI code for sutured IOL fixation exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "425767004", "display" : "Implantation of radioactive seed into prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.DL.AC is the best available ICHI code for implanting a foreign body/device into the prostate, but it is broader — it does not specify that the device is a radioactive seed (brachytherapy); brachytherapy seed qualifiers exist only as extension values in ICHI, not as standalone assignable codes." }] }, { "code" : "176543000", "display" : "Implantation of semi-rigid penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DN.AA", "display" : "Insertion of penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.DN.AA correctly represents the insertion of a penile prosthesis, but the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the semi-rigid subtype; ICHI distinguishes only the inflatable hydraulic variant as an extension qualifier, leaving semi-rigid covered under the generic unqualified insertion code." }] }, { "code" : "309405007", "display" : "Implantation of simple one wire intravenous cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator systems via percutaneous transluminal approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies a single-wire (single-lead) transvenous configuration; the ICHI code is therefore broader. \"Intravenous\" in SNOMED aligns with \"endocardial\" via the transvenous/transluminal route." }] }, { "code" : "370826000", "display" : "Implementation of protective measures to prevent injury due to radiation sources", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBR.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification in relation to radiation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UBR.TM.ZZ directly maps the physical agent (radiation) and the intervention type (environment modification, i.e., implementing protective measures) to the same domain, making it the closest available ICHI match. It is wider because it covers all radiation-related environment modification without restricting to injury-prevention intent." }] }, { "code" : "370827009", "display" : "Implementation of protective measures to prevent skin and tissue injury due to chemical sources", "target" : [{ "code" : "UGL.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification in relation to chemicals and chemical products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UGL.TM.ZZ matches the physical agent (chemicals/chemical products) and the environment-modification action that corresponds to implementing protective measures, making it the best available ICHI code. It is wider as it covers all chemical environment modification and is not restricted to skin/tissue injury prevention specifically." }] }, { "code" : "185491002", "display" : "In-house dermatology", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specialty-specific encounter or service-delivery code for dermatology; UEP.RG.ZZ is the closest organisational/administrative match for an in-house clinical service, but it is far broader, covering any health service delivery rather than dermatology specifically." }] }, { "code" : "185495006", "display" : "In-house dietetics", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains specific nutrition-related intervention codes but none representing a dietetics consultation or in-house dietetic service; UEP.RG.ZZ is the nearest administrative match, though it is generic to all health service delivery." }] }, { "code" : "185489005", "display" : "In-house ENT", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has extensive ear, nose and throat procedural codes but no ENT specialty encounter or in-house service concept; UEP.RG.ZZ provides the closest administrative frame as a generic health service delivery code." }] }, { "code" : "185498008", "display" : "In-house ophthalmology", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI includes many eye-specific procedural codes but no ophthalmology specialty encounter or in-house service concept; UEP.RG.ZZ is the closest administrative category available, covering generic health service provision." }] }, { "code" : "185492009", "display" : "In-house physio", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes physiotherapy-like actions at a specific body-function or activity level (e.g., movement training, exercise for musculoskeletal functions) but none capture the administrative concept of an in-house physiotherapy service encounter; UEP.RG.ZZ is the least-bad administrative fit." }] }, { "code" : "238359003", "display" : "Incision and drainage of branchial abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A branchial abscess lies in the lateral neck subcutaneous/deep cervical tissue, and LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region. ICHI provides no code specific to branchial cleft abscess, so the ICHI code is broader — it lacks the abscess aetiology and the specific branchial cleft anatomical qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "17596000", "display" : "Incision and drainage of supramylohyoid space by intraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The supramylohyoid space (floor of mouth above the mylohyoid muscle) is anatomically part of the oral cavity and the intraoral approach corresponds to a via-natural-orifice access. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all oral cavity drainage without specifying the floor-of-mouth subspace or the intraoral route." }] }, { "code" : "9578002", "display" : "Incision and removal of foreign body by magnet", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes removal of a metallic foreign body via magnetic extraction from an unspecified site; MRS.JD.AA captures the action (JD = removal of device/foreign body) from soft tissue at an unspecified site with open approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the magnet technique as the means." }] }, { "code" : "19676008", "display" : "Incision and removal of orthopedic device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthopedic devices (plates, screws, K-wires, intramedullary nails) are implanted in or affixed to bone, and MRB.JD.AA precisely captures open surgical removal of an internal device from bone at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the type of orthopedic implant or the particular bone involved." }] }, { "code" : "445914004", "display" : "Incision of abscess of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the procedure by action (drainage, JB) on the anatomical target (skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, LAA), which captures the operative intent of incising an abscess to drain it; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any drainage of that tissue region, not specifically abscesses, and also includes the neck." }] }, { "code" : "14449003", "display" : "Incision of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"incision of face\" code; the skin/head-neck block contains drainage and debridement entries but no FA (incision) code for that region, making LZZ.FA.AA the closest assignable category. It captures the incision action on skin/subcutaneous tissue but lacks the face-specific anatomical precision, so ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "9394005", "display" : "Incision of fascial compartments of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no fasciotomy or fascial-compartment code, nor any soft-tissue incision specific to the head; MRS.FA.AA is the closest structural match covering incision of deep soft tissue but omits both the fascial-compartment specificity and the head location, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "359533001", "display" : "Incision of hematoma in episiotomy site", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes episiotomy itself and perineal drainage, but has no specific code for incision and drainage of a hematoma at an episiotomy wound site; PAW.JB.AA captures the perineal location and the drainage/evacuation intent, but is anatomically broader and does not encode the hematoma or episiotomy-site context." }] }, { "code" : "31224008", "display" : "Incision of infratemporal fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The infratemporal fossa is a deep facial space bounded by bone and soft tissue; ICHI contains no code for this anatomical region or for facial space incision, and MRS.FA.AA is the only structurally plausible assignment, capturing the incision action but losing both the infratemporal fossa location and its deep-space specificity." }] }, { "code" : "171990008", "display" : "Incision of lesion of thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a code for incision of the thyroid gland as a whole but no code specifically for incision of a lesion within it; EBA.FA.AA captures the target organ and action (incision) but is broader in that it does not restrict to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "178274007", "display" : "Incision of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the term \"myotomy\" (FA = incision/division action) at an unspecified site, which is the closest available generic muscle incision code; myotomy implies cutting-through of muscle for functional release, while the SNOMED concept covers any incision of muscle more broadly." }] }, { "code" : "447309006", "display" : "Incision of neck of urinary bladder by transurethral approach using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.FA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic incision of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code matches perfectly on target (bladder neck), action (incision), and approach (transurethral endoscopic), but does not specify the laser instrument, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "34697004", "display" : "Incision of pterygopalatine fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code or target for the pterygopalatine fossa; MRS.FA.AA captures the action (incision) and tissue type (soft tissue) but loses the anatomical specificity of the fossa entirely, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171984009", "display" : "Incision of thyroglossal cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for thyroglossal cyst incision and the thyroglossal duct/cyst only appears as an extension entity without any associated incision category; MRS.FA.AA captures the incision of soft tissue but loses all specificity regarding the thyroglossal cyst as the target structure." }] }, { "code" : "1202009000", "display" : "Incision of ureter by transurethral endoscopic approach using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Ureterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.FA.AA captures the correct target (ureter) and action (incision), but its open means does not reflect the SNOMED concept's transurethral endoscopic laser approach — there is no ICHI code for transurethral ureterotomy with laser in the NAE block." }] }, { "code" : "713190005", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of cervical lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of cervical lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFB.AD.AA targets the correct anatomical site (cervical lymph node) and procedure type (biopsy, open means), matching the open surgical nature of an incisional biopsy; however, ICHI does not distinguish between incisional and excisional biopsy subtypes at this level, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of \"incisional.\"" }] }, { "code" : "112920001", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of uterine ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for the uterine ligament; NME.AD.AA (Biopsy of uterus) is the closest available code but targets the uterus as a whole rather than its ligament, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; \"incisional\" as a technique specifier is also lost." }] }, { "code" : "183001000", "display" : "Incontinence care", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Incontinence care\" is a nursing/care activity focused on managing incontinence (e.g., applying pads, catheter care, skin protection), which aligns best with practical support in the self-care/toileting domain; however, SMD.RB.ZZ covers all toileting support broadly and is not restricted to incontinence." }] }, { "code" : "2752008", "display" : "Incudopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incudopexy is the surgical stabilisation (fixation) of the incus ossicle specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated incudopexy or incus-fixation code; the closest assignable code is ossicular chain reconstruction, which covers the broader category of ossicular surgery." }] }, { "code" : "232185003", "display" : "Incus transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incus transposition — repositioning the incus to restore sound conduction — is a specific ossiculoplasty technique not individually coded in ICHI; the most appropriate assignable code is CBF.ML.AC, which subsumes all surgical remodelling of the ossicular chain including transposition procedures." }] }, { "code" : "714812005", "display" : "Induced termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DB.AC", "display" : "Termination of pregnancy by oral medication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes termination of pregnancy at the method level (oral medication, hysterotomy), whereas the SNOMED concept covers induced termination of pregnancy by any method; NME.DB.AC is the most frequently used route and the closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any single ICHI method-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "77996006", "display" : "Induction of arrhythmia by electrical pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.AF.AF", "display" : "Electrophysiological study of heart", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An electrophysiological study (EPS) of the heart is the standard procedure in which arrhythmias are deliberately induced by programmed electrical stimulation/pacing, making it the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code covers the full EPS study, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of arrhythmia induction by pacing alone." }] }, { "code" : "236958009", "display" : "Induction of labor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.SH.AC", "display" : "Medical induction of labour, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates induction of labour by method (medical per orifice, intravenous medical, surgical), so no single ICHI code covers \"induction of labour\" generically; NME.SH.AC is the most common method and closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader than any individual method-specific ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "408818004", "display" : "Induction of labor by artificial rupture of membranes", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.FA.AC", "display" : "Surgical induction of labour", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Artificial rupture of membranes (amniotomy) is the defining surgical method of labour induction, and NMM.FA.AC sits under the placenta/amnion/cord block, making it the most semantically precise available ICHI match; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it could include other surgical induction techniques beyond amniotomy alone." }] }, { "code" : "385821000", "display" : "Infection control management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Infection control management\" as a broad administrative/clinical concept maps best to this code, which covers infection control measures in the health care system context; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it specifically situates infection control within the health services, systems and policies environment axis." }] }, { "code" : "386335003", "display" : "Infection protection", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE", "display" : "Infection control measures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Infection protection\" as a general concept aligns most closely with the ICHI action axis value VE (Infection control measures), which is the overarching action category covering all infection control activities; VE is broader as it is an action-axis grouping used across many specific infection control codes rather than a standalone assignable category." }] }, { "code" : "1204241002", "display" : "Inferior capsular shift operation of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDL.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior capsular shift is a specific open surgical technique to tighten and shift the inferior glenohumeral joint capsule for shoulder instability; ICHI has no code at this level of specificity, and MDL.LC.AA is the best available match as it captures the structural target (shoulder ligament/capsule), the therapeutic intent (stabilisation), and the open approach." }] }, { "code" : "310812006", "display" : "Informal assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept distinguishing \"informal\" from \"formal\" assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the broadest non-system-specific assessment code and is the closest available match. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all types of general assessments, not specifically informal ones." }] }, { "code" : "174358006", "display" : "Infrared photocoagulation of hemorrhoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemorrhoids are located at the anorectal junction and are classified under the anus/anal canal target in ICHI; KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the anus without specifying the modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to infrared photocoagulation of a hemorrhoid specifically." }] }, { "code" : "450801009", "display" : "Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin tissue without specifying body-site region or modality, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the skin target and the infrared photocoagulation technique; it is the best available code as ICHI has no code combining skin + photocoagulation or infrared destruction specifically." }] }, { "code" : "36576007", "display" : "Infusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Infusion\" in SNOMED refers specifically to the parenteral/IV delivery of a substance, whereas the best available ICHI code covers pharmacotherapy administration with an unspecified route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code specifically captures infusion as a standalone act independent of body target or substance type." }] }, { "code" : "385854003", "display" : "Inhalation therapy assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest match assesses respiration function broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to inhalation therapy assessment; the SNOMED concept is specifically an evaluation of a patient's inhalation therapy regimen (technique, device, adherence), whereas the ICHI code covers any respiratory function assessment." }] }, { "code" : "58863009", "display" : "Initial implantation of cardiac dual-chamber device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber devices; the code covers any permanent endocardial pacemaker/defibrillator implantation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a dual-chamber configuration. The percutaneous transluminal approach is also not specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "54866009", "display" : "Initial implantation of cardiac single-chamber device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the dual-chamber concept, ICHI does not distinguish chamber count in its pacemaker codes; this code captures any permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation and is therefore broader than the single-chamber-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "87825006", "display" : "Initial implantation of electrode into cardiac atrium and ventricle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifically describes lead/electrode placement into both the atrium and ventricle (i.e., the lead component of a dual-chamber system), while the ICHI code covers the full pacemaker system implantation; ICHI has no separate code for electrode-only placement into specific chambers, making the match wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "703144005", "display" : "Initiation of hormone releasing contraceptive vaginal ring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC describes insertion of an internal device into the vagina via a transvaginal approach, which is the physical procedure performed when placing a contraceptive vaginal ring; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any vaginal device, not specifically a hormone-releasing contraceptive ring." }] }, { "code" : "16139005", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into cervical plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cervical plexus is a peripheral nerve structure, and ICHI has no cervical-plexus-specific anaesthetic injection code; ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the cervical plexus as the exact target." }] }, { "code" : "68248001", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into pudendal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pudendal nerve is a specific peripheral nerve for which ICHI has no dedicated code; ACA.DC.AE covers anaesthetic injection into any peripheral nerve, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the pudendal nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "52516005", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into sciatic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sciatic nerve is a peripheral nerve, so the action and substance axes match precisely; however, ICHI's target is \"peripheral nerve\" in general rather than the sciatic nerve specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "86169007", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into sphenopalatine ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion associated with the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and falls within the cranial nerve target class in ICHI; the action and substance match exactly, but ICHI's target covers all cranial nerves rather than this specific ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "40473009", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into vagus nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vagus nerve is cranial nerve X and therefore maps directly to ICHI's \"cranial nerve\" target; the action (injection) and substance (anaesthetic) both match, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all cranial nerves rather than the vagus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "736065007", "display" : "Injection of botulinum toxin into peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into a peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code ACA.DB.AE captures percutaneous injection into a peripheral nerve regardless of substance, which covers botulinum toxin; the target and approach match exactly, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the injected agent." }] }, { "code" : "21503005", "display" : "Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, retrograde", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for contrast injection by catheter for plain radiographic angiography, and no code that encodes the retrograde approach. IZE.BA.BA is the least-specific fallback covering imaging of any blood vessel not elsewhere classified, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "56539001", "display" : "Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, selective", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the retrograde variant, ICHI contains no code distinguishing selective catheterisation with contrast for plain radiography; the concept of \"selective\" catheter positioning is a SNOMED-level granularity that ICHI does not encode. IZE.BA.BA is again the best available fallback." }] }, { "code" : "11850007", "display" : "Injection of contrast media for radiography by catheter, supraselective", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Supraselective\" catheterisation (catheter tip placed in a tertiary or smaller branch beyond a selective position) is a granularity level that exists only in SNOMED; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique or for plain-radiography contrast injection via catheter. IZE.BA.BA serves as the only reasonable vascular imaging fallback." }] }, { "code" : "43058004", "display" : "Injection of contrast media for radiography by direct puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Direct puncture (percutaneous needle stick directly into a vessel without catheterisation) is not distinguished from other vascular imaging approaches in ICHI. IZE.BA.BA captures the general notion of blood vessel imaging not elsewhere classified but is wider, missing both the direct-puncture technique and the plain radiography modality." }] }, { "code" : "1287361001", "display" : "Injection of dexamethasone during maternal intrapartum period", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to corticosteroid (dexamethasone) administration in the intrapartum maternal context; the closest applicable code is PZA.DB.AE, which captures the act of injecting a drug but is broader — it omits the specific agent, the maternal/intrapartum clinical context, and the obstetric indication." }] }, { "code" : "433779008", "display" : "Injection of dye into breast using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DB.AE covers injection into the breast as a target, which matches the anatomy and action, but it does not specify the substance (dye/contrast) or the guidance modality (ultrasound). The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any injection into the breast regardless of agent or imaging guidance used." }] }, { "code" : "81218001", "display" : "Injection of laryngeal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The laryngeal nerve (superior or recurrent laryngeal) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), so AAN.DC.AE is the correct anatomical category. However, the ICHI code specifies anaesthetic as the injected substance, while the SNOMED concept is non-specific about the substance, and the ICHI code applies to cranial nerves generally rather than the laryngeal nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "736345007", "display" : "Injection of nerve root of sacral spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal nerve (which encompasses nerve roots), and is the closest available code since ICHI does not offer a dedicated sacral nerve root injection code separate from the general spinal nerve injection. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any spinal nerve/nerve root regardless of spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "433109004", "display" : "Injection of nerve root of thoracic spine using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the sacral nerve root injection, ABN.DB.AE is the best available match for thoracic nerve root injection, but it does not capture the thoracic level specificity or the fluoroscopic guidance means. ICHI lacks a dedicated thoracic nerve root injection code, making this a broader mapping." }] }, { "code" : "231364008", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance into trigeminal ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neurolytic injection into the trigeminal ganglion is a form of chemical neurolysis (destruction) delivered percutaneously; ICHI captures the destruction of a cranial nerve percutaneously but does not specify the trigeminal ganglion as target or injection of neurolytic substance as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231363002", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neurolytic injection to a cranial nerve is chemically mediated destruction of that nerve, and ICHI's percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve covers this clinical intent at the same anatomical level; however, ICHI does not specify \"injection of neurolytic substance\" as the means, and encompasses other destruction modalities, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "231372005", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to glossopharyngeal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The glossopharyngeal nerve is a cranial nerve, and neurolytic injection constitutes percutaneous chemical destruction; ICHI does not name the specific cranial nerve or distinguish the neurolytic means, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231366005", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V); neurolytic injection constitutes percutaneous chemical destruction, matching the clinical intent of AAN.GA.AE, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the infraorbital nerve target or injection of neurolytic substance as means." }] }, { "code" : "231369003", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mental nerve is a branch of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V), so the cranial nerve target axis is correct. ICHI does not have a specific \"neurolytic injection to cranial nerve\" code, and injection of a neurolytic substance achieves chemical nerve destruction, making AAN.GA.AE the closest semantic match; however it is broader as it covers any modality of percutaneous cranial nerve destruction and does not restrict to the mental nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "171803000", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A neurolytic injection chemically destroys nerve tissue, so percutaneous destruction of a peripheral nerve is the best semantic fit over a simple injection code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all modalities of percutaneous peripheral nerve destruction (thermal, chemical, etc.) and is not restricted to neurolytic injection specifically." }] }, { "code" : "231365009", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to supraorbital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The supraorbital nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal (cranial nerve V1), placing it under the cranial nerve target. As with the mental nerve, a neurolytic agent chemically destroys the nerve, making percutaneous cranial nerve destruction the best available match, though the ICHI code is broader in both target (any cranial nerve) and means (any percutaneous destructive modality)." }] }, { "code" : "231395001", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic to dorsal root ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dorsal root ganglion lies on the spinal (posterior) nerve root, placing it within the spinal nerve interventions block. A neurolytic injection to the ganglion achieves chemical destruction analogous to percutaneous destruction of the spinal nerve root; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any destructive modality at the spinal nerve root level and does not specifically name the ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "68242000", "display" : "Injection of sympathetic ciliary ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into a peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the ciliary ganglion; as an autonomic ganglion it falls under the peripheral nervous system, and ACA.DB.AE (injection into a peripheral nerve, percutaneous) is the closest assignable category, though it is broader because it covers all peripheral nerves rather than this specific ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "22856004", "display" : "Injection of sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies injection into a sympathetic nerve without specifying the spinal level; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the only ICHI code covering the sympathetic nervous system without a level qualifier, though it is broader as it encompasses all intervention types (not only injections) into the sympathetic system." }] }, { "code" : "445005007", "display" : "Injection of trigeminal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal nerve is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE correctly captures the anatomical target and injection action. However, the ICHI code specifies \"anaesthetic\" as the injected substance, while the SNOMED concept \"injection of trigeminal nerve\" is substance-agnostic — it could also cover neurolytic, steroid, or other injections — making the ICHI code wider in substance specificity but narrower in not covering non-anaesthetic agents; overall it is the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "438619009", "display" : "Insertion of afterloading balloon catheter for radiotherapy into breast using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the core action (percutaneous device insertion into the breast), and a balloon brachytherapy catheter qualifies as a device. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the radiotherapy purpose, the specific device type (afterloading balloon catheter), or the imaging guidance, all of which are intrinsic to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443888005", "display" : "Insertion of balloon catheter into breast for radiotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the breast, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a balloon catheter inserted specifically for radiotherapy (brachytherapy). The radiotherapy purpose and balloon catheter specificity are not captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "36635006", "display" : "Insertion of Barton tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers insertion of skull tongs (which includes Barton tongs) as a traction device, making it a strong match; however, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies synchronous skeletal traction as part of the procedure, a detail not captured in the ICHI code, so ICHI is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "232183005", "display" : "Insertion of bone anchors for subcutaneous bone anchored hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bone anchors for a bone anchored hearing aid are implanted into the skull bone, making MAA.DN.AA the closest structural match. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any device implanted into the skull and does not specify the hearing aid purpose or the bone anchor type; there is no dedicated ICHI code for this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "446803008", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into brachial plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachial plexus is part of the peripheral nervous system, and a catheter is a device, so ACA.DL.AA captures the procedural intent well; however, ICHI uses the generic \"peripheral nerve\" target rather than specifying the brachial plexus, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446523001", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into brain ventricle", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.DN.AA covers implantation of an internal device into the brain ventricles, which semantically encompasses catheter insertion (a catheter being a type of internal device), but \"implantation\" implies a more permanent device than a catheter, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "446245001", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into cervical epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI maps the epidural space under the broader \"spinal canal\" target (ABG) and does not distinguish cervical from lumbar levels, so the ICHI code is wider on two dimensions: it covers the entire spinal canal rather than only the epidural compartment, and any level rather than specifically cervical." }] }, { "code" : "74477005", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into common bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA represents insertion of a biliary tract device under the bile duct block (KCM), which matches the action and anatomical region well, but the ICHI title is broader — it covers the entire biliary tract rather than specifically the common bile duct, and \"biliary tract device\" is more general than a catheter." }] }, { "code" : "446244002", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into lumbar epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish lumbar from cervical epidural level, and maps both to the broader \"spinal canal\" target (ABG) rather than the epidural space specifically; ABG.DL.AE is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "736021004", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into sciatic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of a device into a peripheral nerve, which semantically aligns with catheter insertion into the sciatic nerve (a major peripheral nerve), but the ICHI code targets peripheral nerves in general without specifying the sciatic nerve, making it broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "446287004", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into thoracic epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, which maps well to catheter insertion into the epidural space (the epidural space is within the spinal canal). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the catheter type, the epidural (vs. intrathecal) location within the canal, or the thoracic level." }] }, { "code" : "410024004", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD closely matches bladder catheterisation; the ICHI code is slightly broader because \"device\" encompasses more than just a catheter and the approach modality (endoscopic/transurethral) may not distinguish a simple catheter pass." }] }, { "code" : "738769004", "display" : "Insertion of cerebrospinal fluid drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A CSF drain can be placed in the spinal canal (lumbar) or ventricular system; ABG.DL.AE is the closest ICHI code for a lumbar CSF drain, though the code is broader (applies to any device, not just a drain, and does not specify the CSF-drainage purpose). No dedicated ICHI code for CSF drain insertion exists." }] }, { "code" : "234835005", "display" : "Insertion of complete orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI code for placing a dental/orthodontic appliance onto teeth, but it is broader — it covers any dental device (not just complete orthodontic appliances) and does not distinguish fitting from other applications." }] }, { "code" : "1285449007", "display" : "Insertion of complete upper and complete lower dentures", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI match for fitting complete dentures, but it is broader — it encompasses any dental device application and does not specify full-arch prostheses or the bilateral (upper + lower) scope of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234842005", "display" : "Insertion of component of fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of dental devices broadly, which includes fixed orthodontic components (brackets, bands, archwires), but the ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all dental device applications, not specifically orthodontic fixed appliances." }] }, { "code" : "81574008", "display" : "Insertion of Crutchfield tongs of skull with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DL.AA explicitly covers insertion of skull tongs (which is precisely what Crutchfield tongs are) and halo traction devices. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the synchronous application of skeletal traction that the SNOMED concept includes, encompassing tong insertion with or without concurrent traction." }] }, { "code" : "234916009", "display" : "Insertion of dental hemorrhage splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental hemorrhage splint is a device applied to teeth to control post-extraction or post-surgical bleeding, and KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI category covering dental device placement on teeth. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications, with no specific code for a hemorrhage-control splint in the teeth interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "56821003", "display" : "Insertion of drain into vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.JB.AA covers the procedural outcome (drainage) achieved by inserting a drain, making it the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it describes the drainage intervention generally rather than the specific act of drain insertion." }] }, { "code" : "444179007", "display" : "Insertion of dual chamber cardiac pacemaker pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF covers permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via the percutaneous transluminal route, which matches the procedure type, but ICHI does not distinguish between single-chamber and dual-chamber devices and also encompasses defibrillator systems, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443355007", "display" : "Insertion of dual chamber pulse generator and repositioning of cardioverter defibrillation pulse generator lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system percutaneously, which partially captures the generator insertion component, but the SNOMED concept is a compound procedure also including repositioning of an existing lead and specifies a dual-chamber device — granularity ICHI does not encode. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering the overall system implantation without the added lead repositioning step." }] }, { "code" : "233177000", "display" : "Insertion of epicardial electrode for temporary cardiac pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Both describe open surgical insertion of a temporary epicardial pacing device, and the ICHI code is the closest available match. However, the SNOMED concept specifies only the electrode/lead component, whereas ICHI refers to the whole pacemaker system (generator plus leads), making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1366177007", "display" : "Insertion of external drain into intracranial subdural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subdural space lies between the layers of the cranial meninges, making drainage of cerebral meninges the anatomically closest ICHI category for this intervention. The ICHI code is broader because it covers drainage of any meningeal compartment rather than specifically the subdural space, and does not distinguish drain insertion from other drainage approaches." }] }, { "code" : "1366178002", "display" : "Insertion of external drain into subdural space of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinal subdural space is an anatomical subdivision of the spinal meningeal compartment, so drainage of spinal meninges is the closest available ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all meningeal drainage at the spinal level without isolating the subdural space specifically." }] }, { "code" : "699851007", "display" : "Insertion of femoral nerve catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral nerve is a peripheral nerve and a nerve catheter is a device inserted percutaneously for continuous nerve block, making ACA.DL.AE a strong structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral nerve and any percutaneous device, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the femoral nerve and a catheter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1231174008", "display" : "Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application (insertion/fitting) of a dental device to teeth, which maps well to fitting a fixed orthodontic appliance (e.g., brackets and bands). The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all dental devices, not only fixed orthodontic appliances." }] }, { "code" : "1263600004", "display" : "Insertion of fixed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fixed orthodontic retainer is a dental device bonded to the teeth, and KAE.LC.AC \"Application of dental device\" is the closest available ICHI category for this act. The ICHI code is broader, covering all dental device applications rather than specifically a fixed retainer." }] }, { "code" : "827134000", "display" : "Insertion of fixed rapid mandibular expansion appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A rapid mandibular expansion appliance is a fixed dental device bonded or banded to the teeth to expand the mandibular arch; KAE.LC.AC captures the act of inserting/fitting such a device. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the type of dental device or its orthodontic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1286815000", "display" : "Insertion of functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A functional orthodontic appliance (e.g., activator or twin block) is a dental device fitted to teeth and/or jaws to guide growth, and KAE.LC.AC is the best available ICHI match for this act. The code is broader as ICHI does not distinguish between fixed and removable orthodontic appliances or their functional purpose." }] }, { "code" : "82199000", "display" : "Insertion of Gardner Wells tongs with synchronous skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AE", "display" : "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AE captures the skeletal traction to the spine, which is the functional outcome of Gardner Wells tong application. However, the ICHI code does not specify the tongs as the instrument or the synchronous insertion aspect, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "43259003", "display" : "Insertion of graft of great vessels with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific reconstruction codes for individual great vessel segments (ascending aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary artery, etc.) but no single code covering grafting across multiple great vessels with cardiopulmonary bypass as a combined procedure; IZE.ML.AA is the closest residual category for vascular reconstruction, though it is broader and omits the CPB context." }] }, { "code" : "447020000", "display" : "Insertion of hard interocclusal appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses the placement of an interocclusal appliance (occlusal splint or bite guard). The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish hard vs. soft appliances or the interocclusal position, but it is the most specific available dental device code." }] }, { "code" : "736919006", "display" : "Insertion of hemodialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA matches on both target (vein) and action (device insertion), correctly representing catheter placement into a vein. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the hemodialysis purpose, the catheter type, or the central venous access site typically used for dialysis." }] }, { "code" : "87675006", "display" : "Insertion of Holter valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Holter valve is a specific one-way valve used in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt system; \"Holter valve ventricular shunt\" appears as a named variant within the ICHI ventricular shunt grouping but carries no distinct assignable code, making AAE.LI.AA the correct assignment. The code is wider because it encompasses all ventricular shunt types, not solely the Holter valve variant." }] }, { "code" : "472837007", "display" : "Insertion of hormone releasing intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DL.AC covers any device insertion into the uterus, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a hormone-releasing IUD (levonorgestrel-type). The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the device type or contraceptive/hormonal nature." }] }, { "code" : "1264405005", "display" : "Insertion of indirect restoration onto tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies an indirect restoration (prefabricated outside the mouth — e.g., inlay, onlay, crown). ICHI has extension codes distinguishing crown types but the core assignable category is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1342339000", "display" : "Insertion of indwelling peritoneal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DN.AE captures percutaneous placement of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, which matches the procedural intent of inserting an indwelling peritoneal catheter; ICHI is slightly broader as it covers any internal device, not specifically a catheter." }] }, { "code" : "6555009", "display" : "Insertion of infusion pump beneath skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which matches the general anatomical location and action of placing a subcutaneous infusion pump; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the device type (infusion pump) or that it is implanted for drug delivery." }] }, { "code" : "432375008", "display" : "Insertion of intra-aortic balloon pump using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AF", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated intraaortic balloon pump insertion code; the closest assignable code is the NEC category for percutaneous implantation of any cardiac assist device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the device type (IABP) and the means (fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)." }] }, { "code" : "442807006", "display" : "Insertion of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation device through femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AF", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intraaortic balloon counterpulsation; HZZ.DN.AF is the best available assignable match, capturing the transluminal/percutaneous approach via femoral artery but losing the device-type specificity." }] }, { "code" : "231560000", "display" : "Insertion of intraconal orbital implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI places orbital and ocular implant insertions under \"interventions of unspecified visual target\" (BZZ.DL.AC), which does not distinguish intraconal from extraconal positioning. The SNOMED concept is more specific (intraconal = within the cone of extraocular muscles), while ICHI's code covers any ocular implant insertion regardless of anatomical sub-location." }] }, { "code" : "230940006", "display" : "Insertion of intracranial pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for intracranial pressure monitoring catheter insertion; the best assignable match is the generic insertion of a device into the brain (AAA.DL.AA), which is broader since it encompasses any intracranial device, not specifically a pressure-monitoring catheter." }] }, { "code" : "230939009", "display" : "Insertion of intracranial pressure transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into brain tissue and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a pressure transducer (ICP monitoring device) placed in the intracranial space. No dedicated intracranial pressure monitoring device insertion code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "288183004", "display" : "Insertion of IV endocardial electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF is the closest ICHI code, covering endocardial electrode insertion via a transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) route, but it specifies a full temporary pacemaker system whereas the SNOMED concept refers only to the electrode lead itself, and does not restrict to temporary systems." }] }, { "code" : "702631007", "display" : "Insertion of manometer catheter into pyloric antrum and duodenum using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.AB.AC", "display" : "Duodenal manometry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.AB.AC for duodenal manometry is the best available match — it captures the manometric measurement in the duodenum, which is the functional equivalent of this procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, catheter insertion technique, or the concurrent pyloric antrum target." }] }, { "code" : "104771000220104", "display" : "Insertion of Michigan appliance onto maxillary teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC for application of a dental device on teeth is the best ICHI match for fitting a Michigan appliance (an occlusal stabilisation splint) onto the maxillary teeth. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the appliance type (Michigan/stabilisation splint) or the maxillary arch." }] }, { "code" : "234823006", "display" : "Insertion of occlusal wafer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An occlusal wafer is a dental occlusal splint/positioning device applied to the teeth, which falls within the scope of \"application of dental device.\" ICHI's code is broader as it encompasses any dental device application, not specifically an occlusal wafer used in orthognathic surgery." }] }, { "code" : "4765003", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant following or secondary to enucleation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DL.AC directly describes insertion of an ocular implant, which matches the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the insertion is secondary to or following enucleation." }] }, { "code" : "172183001", "display" : "Insertion of orbital floor implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of an orbital floor implant is a reconstructive procedure for the bony orbit floor (e.g., after blowout fracture), which falls under orbital reconstruction. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any orbital reconstruction, not specifically floor-implant placement." }] }, { "code" : "281836006", "display" : "Insertion of orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated orthodontic retainer code; \"Application of dental device\" (KAE.LC.AC) is the closest available code under the \"Interventions on teeth\" block, but it covers all dental device applications broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting an orthodontic retainer." }] }, { "code" : "1269324007", "display" : "Insertion of partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for partial denture fitting; the extension concepts \"Removable prosthodontic device\" exist but are not assignable codes. KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a removable partial denture." }] }, { "code" : "439781002", "display" : "Insertion of peripancreatic drain with cholecystostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (peripancreatic drainage plus cholecystostomy), but ICHI codes individual anatomical targets separately; KCO.JB.AA covers the pancreatic drainage component and is the closest single ICHI code, though it does not capture the concurrent cholecystostomy nor the peripancreatic specificity." }] }, { "code" : "440104006", "display" : "Insertion of peripancreatic drain with gastrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the cholecystostomy variant, ICHI has no combined procedure code for peripancreatic drainage concurrent with gastrostomy; KCO.JB.AA represents the pancreatic drainage component but is broader in that it does not encode the simultaneously performed gastrostomy or the peripancreatic (rather than intrapancreatic) drain placement." }] }, { "code" : "440549000", "display" : "Insertion of peripancreatic drain with jejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — peripancreatic drainage alongside jejunostomy creation — whereas KCO.JB.AA covers only the drainage component of the pancreas/peripancreatic area without capturing the jejunostomy element. No single ICHI code encompasses both components, so the best available code is broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1172563000", "display" : "Insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DN.AA covers open implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, which aligns well with catheter insertion, but the ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any internal device rather than being specific to a peritoneal dialysis catheter. The dedicated ICHI code KMA.JC.AE is for the dialysis procedure itself, not the catheter insertion step." }] }, { "code" : "432654009", "display" : "Insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter using fluoroscopy guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DN.AE captures the percutaneous (image-guided) route of peritoneal device implantation, which aligns with the fluoroscopy-guided approach in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify fluoroscopy as the imaging modality nor restrict the device to a peritoneal dialysis catheter." }] }, { "code" : "238286001", "display" : "Insertion of peritoneal drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of a peritoneal drain is well represented by implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity (KMA.DN.AA), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device rather than specifically a drain; no dedicated \"peritoneal drain insertion\" code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "449397007", "display" : "Insertion of permanent cardiac pacemaker pulse generator and electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF closely matches the SNOMED concept — both describe permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via a percutaneous transluminal route including pulse generator and leads — but the ICHI code is slightly broader as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not exclude epicardial variants in a combined system description." }] }, { "code" : "54974006", "display" : "Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, ventricular", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches the permanent, transvenous (percutaneous transluminal endocardial) approach but does not distinguish ventricular-only lead placement and groups pacemakers together with defibrillator systems, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "68667005", "display" : "Insertion of permanent transvenous electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for electrode/lead insertion alone; the closest code covers the entire permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system implantation, which is broader than inserting only the transvenous electrodes." }] }, { "code" : "264957007", "display" : "Insertion of pleural tube drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity is the best ICHI match for pleural tube drain insertion, as both describe a percutaneous approach to drain the pleural space; however, the ICHI title emphasises the drainage action rather than the device insertion, and does not specify a tube drain, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "699125007", "display" : "Insertion of programmable cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation via the transvenous route, which aligns with a programmable pacemaker insertion, but it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not specify the programmable feature, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "699136000", "display" : "Insertion of pulse generator of implantable cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for ICD pulse generator insertion alone; the closest code covers implantation of the full permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, making it broader than the generator-only SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1285046005", "display" : "Insertion of removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth and is the closest available ICHI code; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to removable appliances or to orthodontic (tooth-movement) purpose. No more specific orthodontic code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "443753002", "display" : "Insertion of single chamber cardiac pacemaker pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code distinguishing single-chamber from dual-chamber or biventricular devices; HFC.DN.AF is the best-fit code for percutaneous permanent endocardial pacemaker implantation, but it covers the full system (lead + generator) and encompasses defibrillator systems as well, making it broader than the generator-only, single-chamber SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177598001", "display" : "Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for tissue expanders; the best structural match is the body-region-specific \"Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk,\" which captures the action (DL = device insertion) and tissue target but is broader because it is not specific to tissue expanders and is limited to the trunk body region, whereas the SNOMED concept is body-site-neutral." }] }, { "code" : "446127008", "display" : "Insertion of soft interocclusal appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A soft interocclusal appliance (night guard/occlusal splint) is a dental device applied to the teeth, making KAE.LC.AC the closest ICHI code; it is broader because it encompasses all dental device applications and does not distinguish occlusal splints or their material/purpose." }] }, { "code" : "175854006", "display" : "Insertion of subclavian feeding line", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian vein is a specific NEC vein target within the IZD (vein, NEC) block, and IZD.DL.AA captures the insertion-of-device action into a vein; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the subclavian vein, the purpose (feeding/nutrition), or the catheter type." }] }, { "code" : "234821008", "display" : "Insertion of Tanner appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Tanner appliance is a specific fixed orthodontic/dental device; KAE.LC.AC \"Application of dental device\" is the best available ICHI match under the teeth block but does not specify the appliance type or orthodontic intent." }] }, { "code" : "708910001", "display" : "Insertion of temporary intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An intrathecal catheter is inserted percutaneously into the spinal canal (subarachnoid space); ABG.DL.AE is the closest structural and procedural match but is broader because it covers any device inserted into the spinal canal, not specifically a temporary intrathecal catheter." }] }, { "code" : "311888006", "display" : "Insertion of uterine cesium applicators", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cesium applicators are intracavitary brachytherapy devices inserted into the uterus; NME.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the uterus and is the best structural match but is broader as it does not specify the radioactive/brachytherapy nature of the device." }] }, { "code" : "1254794003", "display" : "Insertion of vacuum formed orthodontic retainer onto teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vacuum-formed orthodontic retainer is a removable dental appliance fitted onto teeth; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available ICHI code but is broader as it does not distinguish removable vs. fixed devices nor specify orthodontic retention purpose." }] }, { "code" : "311887001", "display" : "Insertion of vaginal cesium applicators", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC captures insertion of a device into the vagina but does not specify that the device is a radioactive cesium applicator used for intracavitary brachytherapy; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal vaginal device." }] }, { "code" : "232930003", "display" : "Inspection of implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI", "display" : "Truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no specific ICHI code for inspection of an implanted truncal valve — only therapeutic codes (replacement, repair, dilatation) exist; the parent category HDI is the closest available anchor but is considerably broader than the act of inspecting an implanted device." }] }, { "code" : "225114009", "display" : "Inspection of stump", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for stump inspection; PZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, NEC) uses the AE inspection action axis applied to an unspecified body site and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an amputation stump." }] }, { "code" : "236974004", "display" : "Instrumental delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for instrumental (forceps or vacuum) vaginal delivery; NME.JF.AC is broader since it encompasses all vaginal deliveries regardless of whether instruments are used." }] }, { "code" : "107881001", "display" : "Integumentary system destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue across all body regions not classified elsewhere; it is slightly wider because it does not encompass destruction of integumentary appendages (nails, hair) covered in separate ICHI codes." }] }, { "code" : "107877001", "display" : "Integumentary system incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.FA.AA is the only ICHI incision code for the integumentary system at the NEC level and broadly matches the SNOMED grouper for integumentary incision; it is slightly wider as it absorbs all unspecified body regions." }] }, { "code" : "119828008", "display" : "Integumentary system repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue without a more specific site qualifier; it is technically wider because \"integumentary system\" in SNOMED also encompasses deeper structures (nails, hair, glands) beyond skin and subcutaneous tissue alone." }] }, { "code" : "786900002", "display" : "Intense pulsed light therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a specific form of phototherapy applied to skin; LZZ.SC.AH is the NEC phototherapy-to-skin code and encompasses IPL alongside other phototherapy modalities, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "719217005", "display" : "Interbody fusion of lumbar spine by anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine via an open approach but does not distinguish anterior interbody, posterior interbody, or posterolateral fusion techniques, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "232656008", "display" : "Intercostal puncture of lung bulla", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JB.AE encodes puncture of lung parenchyma via a percutaneous (intercostal) approach but does not capture the specificity of the target being a lung bulla rather than general lung parenchyma." }] }, { "code" : "439963007", "display" : "Interdependence psychosocial approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Interdependence psychosocial approach\" maps most closely to counselling interventions targeting global psychosocial functions; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of counselling on psychosocial functions rather than the specific interdependence framework." }] }, { "code" : "72255009", "display" : "Interleukin-2 therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) or any cytokine/immunotherapy; the best available match is the generic \"Providing medications\" code, substantially broader but the closest classifiable intervention." }] }, { "code" : "183000004", "display" : "Intermediate nursing care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to nursing care levels or step-down care; the nearest classifiable concept is \"Providing health services, systems and policies,\" which is much wider, encompassing all health service provision." }] }, { "code" : "1186736008", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure-control and pressure-support", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes only a single category for artificial ventilation under \"Interventions on respiratory function\" and does not differentiate ventilator modes such as IMV, pressure-control, or pressure-support; the SNOMED concept is far more granular than anything ICHI can represent." }] }, { "code" : "1186742007", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure-control and assured constant airway pressure adjunct", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's single \"Artificial ventilation\" code is the only available match; the highly specific ventilator mode described has no ICHI equivalent, making this a very broad mapping." }] }, { "code" : "243159008", "display" : "Intermittent negative pressure ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for mechanical ventilatory support; it covers artificial ventilation broadly without distinguishing positive from negative pressure or intermittent from continuous delivery modes." }] }, { "code" : "439149000", "display" : "Intermittent phototherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SC.AH is the closest match as a whole-body phototherapy code (used clinically for conditions like neonatal jaundice where intermittent phototherapy is applied), but it does not capture the intermittent delivery pattern." }] }, { "code" : "387727008", "display" : "Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code applicable to pressure-assisted breathing interventions; it does not distinguish IPPB as a short-term respiratory therapy technique from sustained mechanical ventilation, making it semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "81855008", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring during labor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AI.AC", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AI.AC captures internal fetal monitoring precisely but does not specify \"during labor\" as a context constraint, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly scoped to the intrapartum setting." }] }, { "code" : "426580006", "display" : "Internal tamponade of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for retinal tamponade (intraocular gas or silicone oil instillation); BCC.MK.AA is the closest assignable code and encompasses the functional intent of tamponade as a retinal repair technique but is broader as it covers all methods of retinal repair." }] }, { "code" : "233385001", "display" : "Interposition arterial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interposition grafting is a specific form of arterial reconstruction; IZA.ML.AA captures it as its broader category but encompasses all arterial reconstruction techniques and does not specify the arterial site, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "271566004", "display" : "Interposition of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"interposition of vein\" code; the ML (reconstruction/graft) action on the NEC blood vessel target is the closest available code, but it is broader because it encompasses all vessel types and all reconstruction techniques, not specifically vein interposition." }] }, { "code" : "414526004", "display" : "Interposition procedure of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intestinal interposition (e.g., jejunal interposition) involves rerouting and anastomosing a bowel segment, and \"Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest available ICHI code; however, it is broader as it covers any intestinal anastomosis, not specifically the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "169361008", "display" : "Interstitial brachytherapy to brain using seed", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Brachytherapy seed implantation into brain tissue is a percutaneous insertion of a radioactive device into the brain, making AAA.DL.AE the closest structural match; however, ICHI does not encode the radioactive/brachytherapy nature of the device, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429169004", "display" : "Interstitial laser destruction of lesion of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interstitial laser ablation is performed without open incision, matching the AH (without incision) means axis for breast destruction; however, ICHI does not specify laser as the modality for breast, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "8667008", "display" : "Intertrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally, encompassing the intertrochanteric region; however, ICHI does not have a combined code for osteotomy with simultaneous internal fixation and cast application, so the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1208442000", "display" : "Intervention to support parenting", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VEJ", "display" : "Interventions on parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any supportive parenting intervention, which aligns with the ICHI block \"Interventions on parenting behaviours\"; a block-level code is used because the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category and the block encompasses assessment, counselling, training, advocacy, and more." }] }, { "code" : "235398007", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of GIT", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has intra-abdominal manipulation codes for specific GIT segments but no single code covering the entire GIT; the SNOMED concept refers to manipulation of the GIT as a whole, so the block \"Interventions on gastrointestinal tract\" is the best fit, being wider than any segment-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "765813009", "display" : "Intracavitary brachytherapy of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the oral cavity; KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction of the oral cavity by any means and is the broadest applicable code in the mouth/pharynx block, wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify intracavitary brachytherapy." }] }, { "code" : "67119003", "display" : "Intracranial aneurysmectomy with graft replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysmectomy code; IAA.ML.AA is the closest match because it covers open surgical reconstruction including graft replacement of the intracranial artery, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies aneurysmectomy as the reason for the reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "230979000", "display" : "Intracranial bony decompression of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.FC.AA (Release of cranial nerve, open approach) is the best available ICHI match as \"release\" in ICHI encompasses decompression of a nerve; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the bony/osseous nature of the decompression." }] }, { "code" : "230956001", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of trigeminal ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal ganglion is the sensory ganglion of cranial nerve V; ICHI has no dedicated trigeminal ganglion destruction code, so AAN.GA.AA is the closest match but is broader, covering any cranial nerve rather than specifically the trigeminal ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "230896003", "display" : "Intracranial vascular operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IAA", "display" : "Interventions on intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI assignable category covers all intracranial vascular operations; the block \"Interventions on intracranial artery\" is the most relevant organisational grouping and is used here as a block-level mapping since the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category." }] }, { "code" : "180244008", "display" : "Intramuscular immunotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.DB.AE is the closest ICHI code for administering an immunological agent parenterally, but the means axis value AE (percutaneous) is broader than the intramuscular route specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI has no distinct intramuscular means value for immunological agent administration." }] }, { "code" : "232508007", "display" : "Intranasal frontal recess dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAG.FA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic frontal sinusotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The frontal recess is the drainage pathway leading into the frontal sinus, and intranasal dissection of it is the key step of endoscopic frontal sinusotomy; JAG.FA.AD captures the endoscopic intranasal approach to opening the frontal sinus outflow tract, though it is broader as it encompasses the full sinusotomy." }] }, { "code" : "782643005", "display" : "Intranasal phototherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intranasal (nasal mucosa) phototherapy; the broadest available anatomical match is phototherapy to the head or neck region (LAA.SC.AH), which subsumes the nasal cavity but is considerably wider than the intranasal-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351720003", "display" : "Intraoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography by direct puncture with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.BA.BB", "display" : "Cholangiography with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.BA.BB covers the core procedure — bile duct imaging using contrast — but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies fluoroscopic modality, direct puncture access route, and intraoperative context; ICHI has no code capturing all three specifics simultaneously." }] }, { "code" : "175882004", "display" : "Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LG.AF is the most generic transluminal arterial dilatation code in ICHI and captures the core procedure when the specific vessel is not specified, aligning with the non-vessel-specific SNOMED concept; it is coded as percutaneous (means AF) rather than intraoperative open, making it slightly broader in approach." }] }, { "code" : "238312005", "display" : "Intraperitoneal insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intraperitoneal insemination; the closest match is the generic peritoneal injection code KMA.DB.AE, which is broader, covering any injected substance into the peritoneal cavity, not specifically semen as a reproductive act." }] }, { "code" : "1362009006", "display" : "Intraperitoneal parenteral nutrition", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.AC", "display" : "Intracavity administration of nutritional substance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DA.AC captures administration of a nutritional substance into a body cavity, which aligns with the intraperitoneal route of parenteral nutrition; however, the ICHI code is broader, applying to any body cavity and not specifying the peritoneal cavity." }] }, { "code" : "238310002", "display" : "Intraperitoneal reinfusion of ascites", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reinfusion of ascitic fluid back into the peritoneal cavity; the generic peritoneal injection code KMA.DB.AE is the closest structural match, but it is broader and does not capture the specific autologous reinfusion nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1366377002", "display" : "Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation is a specific percussive high-frequency airway clearance technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of artificial ventilation; no dedicated IPV or percussive ventilation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "182522007", "display" : "Intrauterine catheterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Catheterization of the uterus is a specific instance of device insertion into the uterus via a transcervical approach, which is what NME.DL.AC represents, but the ICHI code covers any device type and is thus broader than a catheter-specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "392231009", "display" : "Intravenous cannulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravenous cannulation (inserting a peripheral IV cannula into a vein) is a specific instance of percutaneous device insertion into a vein, but the ICHI code encompasses any device inserted into any vein by percutaneous transluminal approach, making it broader than the specific act of peripheral IV cannulation." }] }, { "code" : "180223008", "display" : "Intravenous immunotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents all intravenous drug administration under \"Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal\" regardless of drug class, so it correctly captures the IV route but is broader than immunotherapy specifically, as it covers any pharmacotherapy administered by that route." }] }, { "code" : "344994008", "display" : "Intraventricular pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF is the closest ICHI code covering transvenous (endocardial) temporary pacemaker insertion, which corresponds to the intraventricular pacing route, but the ICHI code encompasses the full system insertion rather than describing the pacing modality (intraventricular) specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "421422004", "display" : "Intravitreal fluid air exchange", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE covers injection into the vitreous body, but a fluid-air exchange is a distinct surgical manoeuvre (aspirating fluid while replacing with air/gas) rather than a simple injection; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific exchange procedure, making the injection code broader than the concept." }] }, { "code" : "231777002", "display" : "Intravitreal tamponade", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravitreal tamponade involves injecting a filling agent (gas bubble or silicone oil) into the vitreous cavity to support retinal reattachment; BCD.DB.AE captures the intravitreal injection act but does not encode the tamponade purpose or agent, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "1295415001", "display" : "Introduction into skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AE is the best available ICHI code for introducing a substance into skin/subcutaneous tissue without a more specific body-region qualifier; it is slightly broader as it includes subcutaneous tissue and specifies \"injection\" rather than the more general \"introduction,\" and the NEC qualifier indicates residual scope." }] }, { "code" : "1284939008", "display" : "Introduction into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AE covers injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying body region, which broadly aligns with the SNOMED concept of introducing a substance into subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it is a residual NEC category encompassing all unspecified sites of skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on subcutaneous tissue as the target (without skin), and does not specify the nature of the substance introduced." }] }, { "code" : "238309007", "display" : "Introduction of antibiotic into peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DB.AE precisely covers injection (introduction of a substance) into the peritoneal cavity, which is the correct anatomical target and action. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict the injected substance to antibiotics — it covers any injection into the peritoneal cavity — whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an antibiotic agent." }] }, { "code" : "179272002", "display" : "Introduction of destructive substance into bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.DB.AE represents injection into bone at an unspecified site, which correctly captures the action (percutaneous introduction of a substance) and target (bone), and is the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict the injected substance to a destructive agent — it covers any injection into bone — whereas the SNOMED concept specifically implies a chemical ablative or necrotising substance." }] }, { "code" : "176860004", "display" : "Introduction of radioactive substance into uterine cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DL.AC covers insertion of a device into the uterus via the vaginal route, which is the standard approach for intracavitary brachytherapy applicators or radioactive sources; however, ICHI does not have a code that specifies the radioactive nature of the substance being introduced, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "314203006", "display" : "Introduction of seprafilm", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Seprafilm is an adhesion barrier placed within the abdominal/peritoneal cavity during surgery; KMA.DN.AA for implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity is the closest match, as ICHI lacks a specific code for adhesion barrier or bioresorbable membrane placement. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any implanted device and does not distinguish Seprafilm or other anti-adhesion materials." }] }, { "code" : "720649006", "display" : "Introduction of urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD describes insertion of a device into the urinary bladder (endoscopically/transurethrally), which is the standard route and destination for urinary catheter insertion; however, the ICHI code encompasses any device, not just a catheter, and does not distinguish initial insertion from replacement. The match is close but the ICHI code is broader in device type." }] }, { "code" : "447996002", "display" : "Intubation of respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JZZ.DL.AC explicitly covers intubation of the respiratory tract at the broad level (sitting directly under BlockL3-JAA, the respiratory system block), making it semantically equivalent in target and action; however, because it carries the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier and does not distinguish specific sites (trachea vs. larynx vs. bronchus), it is marginally wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1258985005", "display" : "Invasive mechanical ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest ICHI code for mechanical ventilatory support, sitting under \"Interventions on respiratory function.\" However, it does not distinguish invasive (endotracheal/tracheostomy-based) from non-invasive ventilation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the invasive modality." }] }, { "code" : "235314005", "display" : "Inversion appendectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBO.JK.AA", "display" : "Appendicectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBO.JK.AA (Appendicectomy) covers removal of the appendix as a general open procedure, which is the operative goal of an inversion appendectomy. ICHI does not encode the specific inversion (intussusception/purse-string) technique used to bury the stump, making the ICHI code broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252936002", "display" : "Investigations for female infertility", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) sits under \"Interventions on functions related to fertility\" in the genitourinary chapter and aligns well with the investigative/diagnostic intent of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers fertility assessment in general (not female-specific), whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to female infertility workup." }] }, { "code" : "164827003", "display" : "Investigations for male infertility", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fertility functions broadly across both sexes and does not specify male infertility investigations as a targeted bundle. The ICHI code is wider in scope — it lacks the male-specificity and the investigative workup framing of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "228698009", "display" : "Iodine 131 therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.BE", "display" : "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.GA.BE is specific to radioactive iodine ablation of the thyroid gland, which is the overwhelmingly predominant clinical use of I-131 therapy. However, the SNOMED concept \"Iodine 131 therapy\" is slightly broader in that I-131 can also be used for thyroid cancer metastases or other targets beyond the thyroid gland itself; classified as wider because SNOMED's term is not restricted to the thyroid whereas ICHI anchors it to the thyroid gland." }] }, { "code" : "53587000", "display" : "Irrigation of indwelling urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JA.AC represents irrigation of the urinary bladder, which is the functional equivalent of irrigating an indwelling urinary catheter (the catheter being the means of access), but the ICHI code does not distinguish catheter irrigation from other forms of bladder irrigation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the indwelling catheter context." }] }, { "code" : "1258878005", "display" : "Irrigation of Tenckhoff catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous irrigation of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Tenckhoff catheter is a percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter; irrigating it constitutes a percutaneous irrigation of the peritoneal cavity, but KMA.JA.AE covers the broader act of peritoneal cavity irrigation and does not specifically convey catheter flushing/maintenance as its clinical intent." }] }, { "code" : "275823006", "display" : "Isolation nursing", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Isolation nursing is a nursing practice of caring for a patient under infection-control precautions, which aligns closely with PZB.VE.ZZ, but the ICHI code is broader (covering any isolation of a person for infection control) and does not specifically encode the nursing-care component." }] }, { "code" : "169138002", "display" : "Isotope distribution static scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code for a static planar radioisotope scan, but it specifically denotes a whole-body scan, whereas the SNOMED concept refers more generally to a static isotope distribution scan that may target any body region; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope while narrower in imaging modality specificity." }] }, { "code" : "169123003", "display" : "Isotope uptake/excretion studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Isotope uptake/excretion studies\" is a broad category covering radioisotope-based functional studies across any body site; the closest general ICHI code is \"Radioisotope scan of whole body\" (PZA.BA.BE), which is body-site non-specific but represents nuclear/radioisotope imaging as a class. The ICHI code is wider because it covers imaging rather than functional uptake/excretion measurement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "265703000", "display" : "Jaw and temporomandibular joint operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for all surgical operations on the jaw and TMJ; ICHI does not have a single umbrella code for this grouping, but the block \"Interventions on joint of head or neck\" (BlockL5-MAJ) — which contains all TMJ-specific ICHI procedure codes — is the appropriate structural match. The block is wider than the jaw-specific subset implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "243766004", "display" : "Jugular vein sampling catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Jugular vein sampling via catheter is a selective venous blood collection technique; ICHI has no code capturing the jugular/petrosal venous route or catheter-based selective venous sampling specifically, so \"Specimen collection of blood\" (DIA.AH.XA) is the best available match covering the core purpose of the procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the jugular vein target, the catheterization technique, or the clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "1370935004", "display" : "Keratolimbal allograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.KD.AA", "display" : "Corneal transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Keratolimbal allograft is a specific type of ocular surface reconstruction transplanting limbal stem cells together with conjunctival and corneal tissue from a donor — a subset of transplantation procedures on the anterior segment. ICHI's BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant) is the closest available code but is broader as it does not capture the limbal specificity." }] }, { "code" : "40792007", "display" : "Kristeller maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Kristeller maneuver is the application of sustained fundal pressure on the uterus to assist expulsion of the fetus during the second stage of vaginal labour. NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery) is the closest contextual match as the maneuver is a component action within vaginal delivery, but the ICHI code is considerably broader and does not distinguish this specific mechanical assistance method." }] }, { "code" : "410343006", "display" : "Lab findings case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lab findings case management\" is a specific sub-type of case management focused on coordinating care based on laboratory results; PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, covering all case management regardless of the triggering clinical data." }] }, { "code" : "410299006", "display" : "Lab findings education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is the combined triad of education, guidance, and counselling specifically prompted by laboratory findings; PZB.PP.ZZ covers general counselling (not elsewhere classified) and is the best available ICHI category, but is broader as it does not specify the lab-findings trigger or distinguish education and guidance from counselling." }] }, { "code" : "287229008", "display" : "Lacrimal calculus removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for lacrimal calculus (dacryolith) extraction; BAD.JD.AA for removal of foreign body from lacrimal apparatus is the best available fit, but it is broader as it encompasses any foreign body or device removal rather than being specific to calculus extraction." }] }, { "code" : "83694000", "display" : "Lamellar keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.ML.AA maps to keratoplasty in general; lamellar keratoplasty is a specific technique where only partial-thickness corneal layers are transplanted (as opposed to penetrating/full-thickness keratoplasty), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311602008", "display" : "Language promotion therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Language promotion therapy\" is a therapeutic intervention aimed at developing/improving language function, which aligns best with training of mental functions of language; however, ICHI's code is broader, covering any training of language mental functions rather than the specific promotional/therapeutic framing of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1217319002", "display" : "Laparoscopic adrenalectomy using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.JK.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic adrenalectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Endoscopic adrenalectomy\" covers laparoscopic adrenalectomy but does not distinguish robotic assistance from standard laparoscopic technique; ICHI has no dedicated robotic-assisted code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1186996000", "display" : "Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter to urinary bladder with psoas hitch using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LB.AB covers laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis in general but does not capture the specific destination (urinary bladder), the psoas hitch technique, or robotic assistance, making the ICHI code substantially broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63343006", "display" : "Laparoscopic biopsy of uterine ligaments", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AD.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic biopsy of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for biopsy of uterine ligaments; the closest available code is laparoscopic biopsy of the uterus, which targets the uterus proper rather than its supporting ligaments, making it a broader match with imperfect anatomical alignment." }] }, { "code" : "446450009", "display" : "Laparoscopic diathermy of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the laparoscopic approach and destructive action on the ovary, but \"destruction of ovary\" encompasses all destructive modalities (diathermy, laser, cryotherapy, etc.) and does not distinguish diathermy as the specific means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1163245005", "display" : "Laparoscopic excision of leiomyoma of uterus using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JI.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic local excision of lesion of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The code captures the laparoscopic local excision of a uterine lesion (leiomyoma qualifies as a lesion of uterus), but the robotic assistance component is absent from the base code — it would require the ICHI extension XG5Z48 \"With robotic assistance\" to fully represent the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1288030001", "display" : "Laparoscopic ileal replacement of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of the ureter is the best available ICHI code and correctly captures the approach and reconstructive action, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the replacement conduit is ileum (intestinal segment)." }] }, { "code" : "416155004", "display" : "Laparoscopic laser destruction of endometriosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endometriosis implants targeted in this procedure are peritoneal tissue, and the laparoscopic approach and destructive action are both captured; however, the code is broader because it does not specify laser as the means nor endometriosis as the specific tissue pathology being treated." }] }, { "code" : "782835002", "display" : "Laparoscopic pectopexy using mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pectopexy is a specific variant of laparoscopic uterine/vaginal suspension that uses mesh fixation to the pectineal ligament; NME.LC.AB is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, as it does not capture the pectopexy technique specifically nor the use of mesh." }] }, { "code" : "712998006", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JL.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JL.AB is a direct match for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, but ICHI does not encode the robotic assistance modality at this code level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robotic assistance." }] }, { "code" : "782655004", "display" : "Laparoscopic transplant of kidney using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.KD.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic kidney transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.KD.AB directly matches laparoscopic kidney transplantation but does not encode the robotic assistance component specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "61893009", "display" : "Laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy with oophorectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AB captures the laparoscopic removal of the ectopic pregnancy but does not encode the concurrent oophorectomy (removal of the ovary) that is explicit in the SNOMED concept; the additional surgical step makes the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "63596003", "display" : "Laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy with salpingectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total salpingectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies that the salpingectomy is performed as treatment for an ectopic pregnancy, whereas NMC.JK.AB is a general laparoscopic total salpingectomy with no indication constraint; the ICHI code is wider because it lacks the ectopic pregnancy context." }] }, { "code" : "446652009", "display" : "Laparotomy and decompression of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FA.AA", "display" : "Laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for intestinal decompression via laparotomy; the closest match is PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy), which captures the open abdominal approach but omits the specific intestinal decompression action, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35441003", "display" : "Laryngeal catheterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DL.AC is the best available ICHI match for laryngeal catheterization, as both describe placing an instrument or device into the larynx. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any device insertion (stent, tube, implant) rather than specifically a catheter." }] }, { "code" : "45353001", "display" : "Laryngoplasty for laryngeal stenosis with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of larynx\" is the closest ICHI concept to laryngoplasty (surgical reshaping/rebuilding of the larynx), but the ICHI code does not specify the stenosis indication or the use of a graft, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "61052000", "display" : "Laryngoplasty with open reduction of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of larynx\" (open approach) best represents the open laryngeal repair component of this procedure, but ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal fracture open reduction nor for the combined laryngoplasty aspect, making the match broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "55251006", "display" : "Laryngotomy with removal of laryngocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of a laryngocele (a benign sac-like outpouching of the laryngeal saccule) maps best to local excision of lesion of larynx, but the ICHI code does not capture the laryngotomy (open incision) approach or the specific pathology (laryngocele), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "236950002", "display" : "Laser ablation of anastomosing vessels in placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.GA.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.GA.AB covers endoscopic destruction of placental vessels, which aligns with the clinical intent (fetoscopic laser ablation of anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser modality or that the target vessels are anastomosing vessels specifically." }] }, { "code" : "429017006", "display" : "Laser ablation of long saphenous vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.GA.AF captures endovenous (intraluminal) destruction of a lower limb vein, matching the clinical procedure (endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the great/long saphenous vein as the target or laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "118164001", "display" : "Laser ablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for destructive intervention on the prostate; it does not specify the laser approach or route (transurethral in typical laser ablation practice), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233162008", "display" : "Laser ablation operation for arrhythmia", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AA", "display" : "Ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AA represents ablation of the cardiac conduction system, the structural target in arrhythmia ablation procedures. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the laser means and uses \"conduction system\" rather than the arrhythmia indication." }] }, { "code" : "312965008", "display" : "Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LASIK involves laser-assisted stromal ablation (partial excision/reshaping of corneal tissue), and BBB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI category; no specific refractive surgery or keratomileusis code exists in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any partial corneal excision and does not specify the laser-flap technique that defines LASIK." }] }, { "code" : "176776004", "display" : "Laser cone biopsy of cervix uteri", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cone biopsy (conization) of the cervix is a specific form of local excision of cervical tissue, and NMF.JI.AC (transvaginal local excision of lesion of cervix) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it does not specify the cone/conical excision shape, the laser technique, or the diagnostic-excision nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "300595006", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.GA.AC captures destruction of a lesion of the cervix performed via a transvaginal approach, matching the target and action axes precisely; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "427343005", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of external nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The external nose is a skin/subcutaneous surface structure of the head, and ICHI has no code for destruction of a lesion specifically on the external nose; LAA.GA.AH is the best fit, though broader in target (head/neck vs. external nose) and not specifying laser." }] }, { "code" : "176679004", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches the target (vagina), action (destruction), and lesion specificity, but the means axis does not distinguish laser from other destructive modalities (cryotherapy, electrocautery), making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178669008", "display" : "Laser discectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no level-unspecified laser discectomy code; MBV.JJ.AB covers endoscopic disc excision at an unspecified spinal level and is the closest match, but \"endoscopic\" does not fully capture the laser-specific means." }] }, { "code" : "173426007", "display" : "Laser excision of bilateral tonsils", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JK.AC", "display" : "Tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tonsillectomy is conventionally a bilateral procedure and aligns well with \"laser excision of bilateral tonsils\" for the target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the laser means and subsumes all tonsillectomy techniques." }] }, { "code" : "236875004", "display" : "Laser excision of lesion of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code precisely matches the target (cervix uteri), action (local excision), and scope (lesion), but the transvaginal means axis does not distinguish laser from other excision techniques." }] }, { "code" : "176675005", "display" : "Laser excision of septum of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.FB.AC", "display" : "Division of vaginal septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Division of vaginal septum covers the same anatomical target and surgical goal (removing the vaginal septum) but does not specify the laser means, making it broader than the means-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "307277009", "display" : "Laser surgery of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.GA.AC captures destruction of the oral cavity, but covers any destructive modality — not laser specifically — and is scoped to the oral cavity NEC rather than the full mouth. No more granular mouth-specific destruction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "287587008", "display" : "Laser therapy of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser therapy of a bladder lesion is almost always performed transurethrally (cystoscopically), making NAI.GA.AD the closest structural match; the ICHI code covers any transurethral destructive modality and does not specify laser." }] }, { "code" : "231595002", "display" : "Laser therapy to lesion of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.GA.AH directly encodes destruction of a lesion of the eyelid; the means axis is consistent with external laser application, but the code covers any destructive technique and is therefore broader than laser-specific therapy." }] }, { "code" : "398088007", "display" : "Laser treatment of esophageal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser treatment of an oesophageal lesion is performed endoscopically, and KBA.GA.AD encodes that approach at the correct anatomical target; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all endoscopic destructive modalities." }] }, { "code" : "235234009", "display" : "Laser treatment of gastric lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser treatment of a gastric lesion is performed endoscopically, matching the approach in KBF.GA.AD; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all endoscopic destructive modalities at the stomach." }] }, { "code" : "235300005", "display" : "Laser treatment of lesion of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures destruction of a small intestine lesion but does not specify laser as the means (the code uses the generic open approach AA), so the ICHI code is broader than the laser-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "360810000", "display" : "Laser urethrotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Urethrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.FA.AA is a direct match for urethrotomy but does not specify laser as the technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically designates laser as the modality." }] }, { "code" : "173416000", "display" : "Laser uvulectomy and palatal scarring", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of uvula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.JK.AA covers the uvulectomy component but does not capture the palatal scarring element of this combined procedure, nor does it specify laser as the means, making the ICHI code broader and incomplete relative to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "60953002", "display" : "Lateral canthopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for canthopexy (surgical fixation of the lateral canthus); the closest available code is repair of eyelid, which is a broader category encompassing the anatomical region but not specific to the lateral canthal tendon fixation procedure." }] }, { "code" : "84473004", "display" : "Lateral cervical puncture with injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lateral cervical puncture (a C1-C2 / suboccipital approach) with injection targets the spinal canal/subarachnoid space, making ABG.DB.AE the closest available code. ICHI does not have a dedicated lateral/cervical-level puncture code, so the spinal canal injection code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "231666002", "display" : "Lateral rectus Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Faden operation (posterior fixation suture) anchors the lateral rectus muscle to the sclera to create a mechanical disadvantage — a form of ocular muscle fixation. BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles broadly and does not distinguish the specific Faden technique or the individual muscle involved." }] }, { "code" : "174378003", "display" : "Laying open perianal abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laying open (unroofing) a perianal abscess is achieved through incision of the perianal tissue, aligning with KBX.FA.AA. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any incision of anus and perianal tissue regardless of indication and does not encode the \"laying open\" drainage intent." }] }, { "code" : "401215001", "display" : "Left brachial Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachial artery is an artery of the upper limb, and Doppler pressure measurement is performed via ultrasound, making ICA.BA.BJ the best structural match; however, ICHI does not distinguish the brachial artery specifically, does not encode \"Doppler pressure\" as distinct from general ultrasound, and laterality (left) would require an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "401217009", "display" : "Left dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dorsalis pedis artery is an artery of the lower limb (foot), and Doppler pressure measurement uses ultrasound, making IFA.BA.BJ the best structural match; ICHI does not have a code specific to the dorsalis pedis artery, does not encode Doppler pressure separately, and left laterality would require an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "401219007", "display" : "Left posterior tibial Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The posterior tibial artery is an artery of the lower limb, and Doppler pressure measurement uses ultrasound, making IFA.BA.BJ the best structural match; ICHI does not distinguish the posterior tibial artery specifically, and laterality plus Doppler-pressure specificity are lost at this ICHI level." }] }, { "code" : "410300003", "display" : "Legal system education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ captures education directed at legal services/systems, which aligns with the educational component of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the guidance and counselling dimensions separately, so this code is broader than the full SNOMED intent and covers only the education facet." }] }, { "code" : "448937006", "display" : "Lengthening of bone of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LK.AA covers limb lengthening at an unspecified site (extremity bone), which is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept. It is technically wider as it is the residual \"unspecified site\" category rather than a precise anatomical specification." }] }, { "code" : "312050005", "display" : "Liaising with agency", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Liaising with an agency is a specific form of inter-organisational collaboration; UEP.TD.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader, covering all forms of collaboration with health-system entities rather than being limited to a specific liaison act with a single agency." }] }, { "code" : "1155751004", "display" : "Liaising with caregiver on management of medication regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.TD.ZZ directly captures collaboration centred on medications, which aligns with the core purpose of liaising with a caregiver about a medication regime; however, it is broader in that it does not specify the caregiver as the collaboration partner or restrict the scope to medication management planning." }] }, { "code" : "709758008", "display" : "Liaising with education service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEQ.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to education and training services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEQ.TD.ZZ captures collaboration directed at education and training services, which maps closely to liaising with an education service; it is wider because it encompasses all forms of collaboration at the system/policy level rather than a specific liaison act between a health provider and an education service." }] }, { "code" : "709753004", "display" : "Liaising with social worker", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the best available ICHI match, as liaising with a social worker is typically a component of coordinating a patient's overall care and social needs. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of care coordination across providers and disciplines, not just social work liaison specifically." }] }, { "code" : "225060009", "display" : "Lifestyle screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"lifestyle screening\" code; VE1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of lifestyle behaviours in general, which is the closest match but is broader — \"assessment\" in ICHI encompasses various evaluation approaches beyond screening specifically." }] }, { "code" : "77543007", "display" : "Ligation of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ligation of the fallopian tube is a specific method of occlusion, so NMC.LA.AA is the best ICHI match but is broader — it covers any occlusion technique (ligation, clips, rings, electrocoagulation), not ligation specifically. There is no ligation-specific fallopian tube code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "30562002", "display" : "Ligation of gastric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the gastric artery; the LA action axis represents occlusion (which encompasses ligation as a surgical technique), but the target covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the gastric artery specifically. The ICHI code is therefore broader on the target axis." }] }, { "code" : "1230401003", "display" : "Ligation of ileocolic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ileocolic artery is an abdominal artery and ligation is a form of occlusion, so IEA.LA.AA captures the correct action and broad target domain, but ICHI lacks a dedicated code for the ileocolic artery, making this a broader match on the target axis." }] }, { "code" : "395137006", "display" : "Ligation of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal/pelvic artery group, and ligation is a surgical method of occlusion, but ICHI provides no code at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery specifically, so the target axis is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231339000", "display" : "Ligation of left colic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery and therefore an abdominal artery; ICHI subsumes ligation under occlusion (LA action), but the target is far broader than the specific left colic artery, giving a wider equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "446599005", "display" : "Ligation of maxillary artery by transantral approach and epistaxis control", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC captures the epistaxis control outcome and is the closest functional match in ICHI for this procedure, but it does not encode the specific technique (transantral ligation of the maxillary artery); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any means of controlling epistaxis rather than specifying the transantral maxillary artery ligation approach." }] }, { "code" : "1231338008", "display" : "Ligation of middle colic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The middle colic artery is an abdominal artery branch, and ICHI groups all abdominal or pelvic artery occlusion/ligation under the single code IEA.LA.AA without distinguishing individual branches; this is a structural match but at a coarser granularity than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231340003", "display" : "Ligation of right colic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The right colic artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI does not distinguish individual colic artery branches; IEA.LA.AA is the appropriate grouping code and covers the ligation action (LA axis), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right colic artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "450564005", "display" : "Ligation of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI has no separate code for it; IEA.LA.AA represents ligation or occlusion of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is the best available match, though it is broader as it does not specify the superior mesenteric artery." }] }, { "code" : "64609000", "display" : "Linear repair of laceration of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA covers repair of the eyelid in general, encompassing the specific procedure of linear (suture) repair of an eyelid laceration. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the wound type (laceration) or repair technique (linear/suture), so the SNOMED concept is narrower within this category." }] }, { "code" : "183281008", "display" : "Lip-reading training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lip-reading (speechreading) is a technique used specifically to decode spoken language by visually interpreting lip and facial movements, and it falls squarely within the domain of receiving spoken messages; SEA.PH.ZZ is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any training modality for receiving spoken messages, not exclusively the lip-reading technique." }] }, { "code" : "134350008", "display" : "Lipid-lowering therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy — \"Providing medications\" is the closest match as it captures the act of supplying/prescribing a medication class, but it is far broader, covering all drugs rather than specifically lipid-lowering agents." }] }, { "code" : "302441008", "display" : "Liposuction of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific liposuction codes by anatomical region (face/neck, abdomen, upper limb, lower limb), but none for generic \"subcutaneous tissue\" across all sites; the NEC residual code LZZ.LL.AE captures the procedure type when the exact body region is unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue generally." }] }, { "code" : "225673009", "display" : "Listening for feedback whistle of hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Listening for a hearing aid's feedback whistle is a functional check of the hearing aid device, a concept that has no dedicated ICHI code; the best available match is CTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of hearing functions), which is considerably broader, as it covers any assessment related to hearing rather than specifically checking hearing aid device performance." }] }, { "code" : "736155004", "display" : "Liver failure education", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for education specifically targeting liver failure or hepatic function; KT2.PM.ZZ covers education about digestive system functions broadly, which subsumes liver failure education, making it semantically wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1208351009", "display" : "Lobectomy of thyroid gland using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial thyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyroid lobectomy (hemithyroidectomy) is a form of partial thyroidectomy, which EBA.JJ.AA represents; the robotic assistance aspect would be captured by an ICHI extension code. As a base code EBA.JJ.AA is wider as it covers all partial thyroidectomies regardless of technique, and ICHI has no dedicated lobectomy-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "230972009", "display" : "Local anesthetic cranial nerve ganglion block", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for injection of anaesthetic into a cranial nerve ganglion specifically; AAN.DC.AE covers the cranial nerve broadly, which includes the nerve and its ganglion, making this code wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303356007", "display" : "Local anesthetic nerve block around spinal cord meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nerve block \"around spinal cord meninges\" corresponds to injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (epidural or intrathecal), which is exactly what ABG.DC.AE represents. The ICHI code is marginally wider in that it does not specify the precise anatomical relation to the meninges (epidural vs. intrathecal), but it is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "303357003", "display" : "Local anesthetic sympathetic nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides specific anaesthetic injection codes for sympathetic nerves only by spinal region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral), but no single code covering sympathetic nerve block without specifying a region. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified code and is the best parent-level match, though it is broader and does not capture the anaesthetic injection action." }] }, { "code" : "304099003", "display" : "Local transposition flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1UU3", "display" : "Local flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1UU3 \"Local flap\" is an ICHI extension code (additional descriptive information) covering any flap harvested from adjacent tissue, which encompasses the transposition subtype; however, it does not distinguish a transposition flap from other local flap techniques (rotation, advancement), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1179616009", "display" : "Localization of sentinel lymph node using methylene blue", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.BA.ZZ", "display" : "Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for sentinel lymph node localization or for vital-dye (methylene blue) injection techniques; DFA.BA.ZZ covers lymphatic imaging/mapping of unspecified lymph nodes and is the closest available category, but it is broader because it does not specify the sentinel node concept or the dye-based means." }] }, { "code" : "1179618005", "display" : "Localization of sentinel lymph node using patent blue V", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.BA.ZZ", "display" : "Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical clinical intent to the methylene blue concept — a vital dye is injected to identify the sentinel lymph node — and the same reasoning applies; DFA.BA.ZZ is the broadest available lymphatic imaging code but does not capture the sentinel node concept or the specific dye used." }] }, { "code" : "1179623005", "display" : "Localization of sentinel lymph node using radioactive isotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.BA.ZZ", "display" : "Lymphogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lymphoscintigraphy with a radioactive tracer to detect the sentinel node is a form of lymphatic imaging/mapping, best accommodated by DFA.BA.ZZ (lymphogram, NEC); ICHI lacks a specific radionuclide lymphatic mapping code, so this is a wider match that does not capture the radioactive-isotope means or the sentinel-node-specific target." }] }, { "code" : "398213004", "display" : "Log roll", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A log roll is a specific technique for turning a patient as a rigid unit (typically to protect spinal alignment), which is a form of performing the task of changing body position; SHA.RA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is wider as it covers all body-position changes and does not encode the spinal-precaution or coordinated-team aspects of a log roll." }] }, { "code" : "313078004", "display" : "Loss counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Loss counseling (support for grief, bereavement, or other significant losses) is a form of counseling directed at the whole person; ICHI has no dedicated code for grief or loss-focused counseling, so PZB.PP.ZZ (Counselling, NEC) is the best available match, though it is broader and does not specify the loss/bereavement focus." }] }, { "code" : "236981006", "display" : "Lovset's maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lovset's maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering impacted arms/shoulders in a breech birth by rotating the fetus, which is a type of fetal rotation. NMR.LD.AC covers fetal rotation broadly (including other techniques), making it wider than the specific Lovset procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1255387005", "display" : "Low microbial diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A low microbial (neutropenic) diet is a specific dietary prescription given to immunocompromised patients, which falls within prescribing a food regimen; UAB.TI.ZZ covers food prescription broadly without capturing the infection-prevention specificity or the \"low microbial\" restriction characteristic of this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "405371007", "display" : "Lower limb vascular prosthesis thrombectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies thrombectomy from a vascular prosthesis (graft) in the lower limb, whereas IFD.JE.AA covers extraction of obstruction from the lower limb vein broadly without distinguishing native vessel from prosthetic. ICHI lacks a dedicated graft-specific thrombectomy code, making the match wider." }] }, { "code" : "231162001", "display" : "Lumbar plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lumbar plexus is a peripheral nerve plexus, and a lumbar plexus block is achieved by injecting local anaesthetic percutaneously around it; ACA.DC.AE captures the action and target class correctly but is non-specific to the lumbar plexus." }] }, { "code" : "287309009", "display" : "Lung cyst removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of lung parenchyma, which includes cyst removal but is broader since it encompasses excision of any lung lesion (tumour, bleb, etc.); there is no ICHI code specifically restricted to cysts." }] }, { "code" : "108000004", "display" : "Lymphatic system destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a grouper for all destructive procedures on the lymphatic system; no single ICHI leaf code spans the full scope, so the organizational block \"Interventions on lymphatic system\" is the best available representation." }] }, { "code" : "107996003", "display" : "Lymphatic system excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept groups all excision procedures across the lymphatic system; ICHI has numerous site-specific excision codes (lymph nodes by region, lymphatic vessels) but no single code or sub-block spanning all lymphatic excisions." }] }, { "code" : "60827006", "display" : "Lymphokine activated killer cell therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAK cell therapy is an adoptive cellular immunotherapy delivered intravenously, and ICHI does not have a dedicated cell-based immunotherapy code; DTB.DB.AF is the best available match within the immunological system function block, but it is broader as it covers any intravenous immunological agent rather than specifically LAK cell infusions." }] }, { "code" : "39270003", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"release\" as the equivalent of \"lysis of adhesions\" (action code FC), and MRS.FC.AA covers release of soft tissue at an unspecified site, making it the broadest appropriate match when no anatomical site is specified." }] }, { "code" : "27062004", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes fascia-specific release only at named regional sites (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/finger, lower leg, foot) without a generic \"release of fascia, unspecified site\" code; MRS.FC.AA is the closest available match for an unspecified fascial adhesiolysis, though it is broader as it covers all soft tissue types and all sites." }] }, { "code" : "439522009", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JK.AA", "display" : "Vitrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for adhesiolysis of the vitreous body — the vitreous block contains only aspiration, injection, destruction, drainage, and vitrectomy codes. Vitrectomy is the closest procedural concept, as lysis of vitreous adhesions is typically performed via vitrectomy technique." }] }, { "code" : "50737005", "display" : "Magnet extraction of foreign body from vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures foreign body removal from the posterior segment of the eye, which anatomically includes the vitreous. However, the ICHI code does not specify the magnet technique nor restrict the target to the vitreous specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432883005", "display" : "Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.BA.BH encodes MRCP broadly as an imaging intervention on the pancreas and pancreatic duct, but does not capture the secretin stimulation component that distinguishes this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore wider, lacking specificity for the secretin-enhanced variant." }] }, { "code" : "57341000087106", "display" : "Maintaining safe physical distance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.VE.ZZ is the closest ICHI code — isolating a person for infection control involves maintaining separation, which overlaps with safe physical distancing. However, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing full isolation measures rather than just maintaining a specified physical distance between individuals." }] }, { "code" : "706915004", "display" : "Maintaining subdued lighting", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBH.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence light", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UBH.TM.ZZ covers any environment modification to influence light, which includes subduing/reducing lighting intensity as a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to maintaining reduced/subdued light levels." }] }, { "code" : "711032008", "display" : "Maintaining use of raised edge mattress", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning to protect skin functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LTC.LD.ZZ represents positioning interventions aimed at protecting skin integrity — the clinical purpose of a raised edge mattress (preventing falls and pressure-related skin injury). The ICHI code is broader, covering all such positioning strategies." }] }, { "code" : "450811002", "display" : "Maintenance of battery of cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers all management activities on the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to battery maintenance of the cardiac pacemaker. The ICHI code is the most precise available match within the conducting system interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "171519004", "display" : "Maintenance of distal catheter of cerebroventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers management of any internal device within the brain ventricles, which encompasses the cerebroventricular shunt system as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the distal catheter component of that shunt." }] }, { "code" : "423113003", "display" : "Maintenance of intraaortic balloon pump parameters", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of cardiac assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intraaortic balloon pump is a cardiac assist device, and HZZ.SN.AA is the designated ICHI code for managing cardiac assist devices. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all cardiac assist devices and all aspects of their management, while the SNOMED concept is specific to parameter adjustment of the IABP." }] }, { "code" : "171518007", "display" : "Maintenance of proximal catheter of cerebroventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA captures management (maintenance) of an internal device within the ventricles of the brain, which directly encompasses maintenance of the proximal (ventricular) catheter component of a cerebroventricular shunt. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device and is not specific to the proximal catheter of a shunt." }] }, { "code" : "424727007", "display" : "Maintenance of temporary cardiac pacemaker settings", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, which semantically includes maintenance/adjustment of pacemaker settings. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses both permanent and temporary pacemakers, and also includes defibrillators, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to adjusting the settings of a temporary pacemaker." }] }, { "code" : "425366005", "display" : "Maintenance of temporary epicardial cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management of any pacemaker or defibrillator system without distinguishing between temporary and permanent devices, or between epicardial and endocardial leads, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a temporary epicardial system specifically." }] }, { "code" : "36936009", "display" : "Major thoracotomy with cardiac massage", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MC.AA", "display" : "Open chest cardiac massage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.MC.AA precisely captures open chest cardiac massage, which is the defining clinical action of this procedure; the ICHI code does not encode the associated major thoracotomy access as a compound procedure, making it slightly broader, but it is the closest available match for the core intervention." }] }, { "code" : "228600007", "display" : "Making of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint to any unspecified body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to the act of fabricating (making) the splint rather than applying it. No ICHI code specifically captures splint fabrication as distinct from application, making this the closest available match under the residual category for body-site-unspecified splinting." }] }, { "code" : "89915007", "display" : "Malleostapediopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Malleostapediopexy is a specific type of ossicular chain reconstruction that creates a direct connection between the malleus and stapes. CBF.ML.AC covers all ossicular chain reconstruction procedures, making it broader than this specific technique; no more precise ICHI code exists within the ossicles of ear block." }] }, { "code" : "33722000", "display" : "Malleostapediopexy with incus replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This procedure combines malleus-to-stapes fixation with prosthetic incus replacement, which is a more specific variant of ossicular chain reconstruction. CBF.ML.AC is the only reconstruction code in the ossicles of ear block (BlockL5-CBF) and is the best available match, though it is broader than this specific combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1255227006", "display" : "Mammalian milk free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mammalian milk free diet is a specific dietary intervention involving the exclusion of all mammalian milk products; ICHI has no dedicated allergen-exclusion or dairy-free diet code. UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) under the interventions on food block is the closest available code, covering any modification of the food consumed, but is considerably broader than this specific exclusion diet." }] }, { "code" : "710953007", "display" : "Management of administration of blood product", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers the broader act of managing the administration process of a blood product, whereas DIA.DG.AF specifically represents the transfusion act itself. Despite this directional difference, transfusion is the primary and most specific ICHI code for blood product administration, and no ICHI management-of-transfusion code exists; DIA.DG.AF is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "700256000", "display" : "Management of antenatal education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of antenatal education\" is a specific educational intervention delivered during pregnancy, which falls within the scope of NUE.PM.ZZ (education about pregnancy functions). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all educational interventions on pregnancy functions, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes structured antenatal education (which also encompasses preparation for labour and parenthood — aspects that could arguably also map to NUG.PM.ZZ \"Education about functions related to childbirth\"); NUE.PM.ZZ is the best single fit as antenatal education is primarily pregnancy-focused." }] }, { "code" : "700134009", "display" : "Management of bronchoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AE.AD directly represents bronchoscopy as a percutaneous endoscopic intervention on the bronchus. The SNOMED concept \"Management of bronchoscopy\" is slightly narrower — it refers to the organisational and care management activities surrounding bronchoscopy (preparation, monitoring, aftercare) rather than the procedure itself — so the ICHI code, which names the procedure directly, is marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "700133003", "display" : "Management of colposcopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AE.AC", "display" : "Colposcopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only a single code for colposcopy (NMF.AE.AC) without a distinct \"management of colposcopy\" category; the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the organisational/management activity around a colposcopy service, while the ICHI code covers the procedure itself, making ICHI broader in that it encompasses both the procedure and its management context." }] }, { "code" : "700136006", "display" : "Management of cystoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.AE.AD", "display" : "Cystoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NAI.AE.AD represents the cystoscopy procedure itself (endoscopic examination of the urinary bladder), which is the core clinical act. The SNOMED concept adds an administrative \"management of\" framing that ICHI does not capture, making the ICHI code broader in that sense — but it is the closest available match for the underlying procedure." }] }, { "code" : "58061000087105", "display" : "Management of emotional state", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-AUD", "display" : "Interventions on emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single assignable code for \"management of emotional state\" as a generic concept; the block BlockL6-AUD (Interventions on emotional functions) is the most appropriate match and encompasses the full range of interventions on emotional functions including assessment, training, counselling, and support. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to managing a patient's emotional state rather than any single subtype of intervention." }] }, { "code" : "1174025004", "display" : "Management of endoscopy of large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AE.AD", "display" : "Colonoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy), under Interventions on colon, is the standard ICHI code for endoscopic examination of the large intestine. The SNOMED concept's \"management of endoscopy\" framing adds an administrative layer not present in ICHI, and colonoscopy covers the colon specifically — the large intestine also includes the rectum and cecum — making the ICHI code somewhat broader in anatomical scope but the best available match for the underlying procedure." }] }, { "code" : "700137002", "display" : "Management of esophagogastroduodenoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.AE.AD", "display" : "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.AE.AD is the direct ICHI code for the OGD procedure itself, sitting under the duodenum block (KBI) with diagnostic endoscopic approach. The SNOMED concept is specifically \"management of\" OGD — an organisational/care coordination activity around the procedure — which is broader than just the procedure code, but KBI.AE.AD is the closest and most clinically meaningful ICHI match; ICHI has no separate \"management of\" wrapper code for endoscopy procedures." }] }, { "code" : "700135005", "display" : "Management of hysteroscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AE.AD", "display" : "Hysteroscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NME.AE.AD encodes the hysteroscopy procedure itself, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the management/oversight of hysteroscopy as a clinical activity. The ICHI code is broader in that it represents the procedure without distinguishing a distinct \"management\" dimension." }] }, { "code" : "410234004", "display" : "Management of mental health treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" is the best available ICHI code for the administrative oversight of a person's health treatment, but it applies to any health treatment, not specifically mental health treatment. No ICHI code exists for coordinating or managing a mental health treatment programme specifically." }] }, { "code" : "430191008", "display" : "Management of noninvasive mechanical ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest ICHI code covering mechanical ventilatory support, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not distinguish noninvasive (mask-based) from invasive (intubated) ventilation, and it covers the procedure itself rather than the clinical management/monitoring activity. No ICHI code specific to noninvasive ventilation (CPAP/BiPAP) exists." }] }, { "code" : "710071003", "display" : "Management of peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE directly represents peritoneal dialysis as a procedure, making it the best available match; however, ICHI encodes the dialysis intervention itself whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the clinical management/oversight activity around an ongoing peritoneal dialysis programme, so the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it subsumes both performing and managing the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "712991000", "display" : "Management of safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VC1", "display" : "Interventions on safety-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single \"management of safety\" category code; BlockL3-VC1 is the closest parent block encompassing all interventions on safety-related behaviours (assessment, training, counselling, advocacy, etc.). The block-level assignment is broader as it covers multiple action types across road, workplace, home, and water safety sub-domains." }] }, { "code" : "710079001", "display" : "Management of screening follow up", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VDB", "display" : "Interventions on screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's VDB block covers interventions on screening behaviours (assessment, advising, awareness raising, policy, surveillance), but no specific code for screening follow-up management exists; the block-level assignment is the closest available grouping and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns follow-up actions after screening results." }] }, { "code" : "710059009", "display" : "Management of withdrawal symptom", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.TE.ZZ", "display" : "Detoxification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.TE.ZZ (Detoxification) is the closest ICHI concept, representing a whole-body clinical intervention that addresses the physiological management of substance withdrawal; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, as detoxification encompasses the full process of clearing a substance from the body, whereas \"management of withdrawal symptom\" is specifically about treating the symptomatic consequences of withdrawal." }] }, { "code" : "66175009", "display" : "Manipulation of adenoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI category code specifically representing \"manipulation\" of the adenoid — the DAB block contains only biopsy, excision, foreign body removal, and haemorrhage control. The parent block BlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid) is the closest organisational grouping that covers any unspecified intervention on this structure, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "10872001", "display" : "Manipulation of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category code captures \"manipulation\" of the eyelid generically; the BAA block contains specific procedures (incision, release, repair, reconstruction, injection, excision) but no general manipulation category. Assigning the block BlockL5-BAA is the broadest appropriate match, making the ICHI designation wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19673000", "display" : "Manipulation of hip joint with general anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.PA.AH is a precise semantic match for the core procedure (manipulation of hip joint), but it does not encode the \"with general anesthesia\" qualifier that is part of the SNOMED concept's meaning — anesthesia type can be captured in ICHI only via an extension code, so the base ICHI code is slightly broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "85382001", "display" : "Manipulation of joint adhesions of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated manipulation code for the head/neck joint class, which includes the TMJ, but it does not distinguish the TMJ specifically nor capture the adhesion-focused nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept on both the target (head or neck joint vs. TMJ only) and the procedural detail (general manipulation vs. adhesiolysis specifically)." }] }, { "code" : "38530004", "display" : "Manipulation of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DJA", "display" : "Interventions on spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"manipulation of spleen\" category code; the spleen intervention block (DJA) covers all splenic procedures including biopsy, fixation, repair, and excision but not a general manipulation action. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to a manual or mechanical manipulation of the spleen." }] }, { "code" : "36412004", "display" : "Manipulation of thymus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DBA", "display" : "Interventions on thymus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains a thymus intervention block (DBA) with specific codes for biopsy, incision, excision, fixation, and repair, but no dedicated \"manipulation\" category; the block is the best available grouping but is broader than the specific SNOMED manipulation concept." }] }, { "code" : "88459000", "display" : "Manipulation of ureteral calculus by catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Catheter manipulation of a ureteral calculus (pushing or repositioning a stone to facilitate passage) is the closest match to ureteral calculus extraction in ICHI; however, \"extraction\" in ICHI implies complete removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically describes catheter-based repositioning rather than full extraction." }] }, { "code" : "363197003", "display" : "Manipulation procedure by method", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED 363197003 is a high-level grouping concept for any manipulation procedure classified by method, spanning joints, spine, and soft tissue across all body regions; MRJ.PA.AH covers manipulation of a joint at an unspecified site and is the closest ICHI residual code, but it is scoped to joints only. No abstract manipulation-by-method grouper exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "363198008", "display" : "Manipulation procedure of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific joint manipulation codes for each upper extremity joint (shoulder MDJ.PA.AH, elbow MEJ.PA.AH, wrist MFJ.PA.AH, hand/finger MGJ.PA.AH) but no single code grouping manipulation across the entire upper extremity; MRJ.PA.AH (unspecified joint) is the closest residual, but since it applies to any unspecified joint across the whole body rather than being scoped to the upper extremity, it is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "52626009", "display" : "Manipulative reduction of nasal bone fracture with stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAE.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) captures the closed/manipulative reduction of the nasal bone, which is the core of this SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the additional component of stabilization (e.g., splinting or packing), making the ICHI code broader by omitting that clinical detail." }] }, { "code" : "235402003", "display" : "Manual dilation of stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for manual dilation of a stoma; PTD.SN.AC is the closest available code under \"Interventions on other artificial body structures\" and covers general stoma management, which is broader than the specific manual dilation procedure described in SNOMED. The PTD block contains only assessment, training, education, and general management codes — no dilatation-specific entry exists." }] }, { "code" : "54737004", "display" : "Manual reduction of open fracture of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.LD.AA covers open reduction of mandibular bone broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a manual reduction of a fracture. The ICHI code does not restrict to fractures and encompasses any open mandibular bone reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "5556001", "display" : "Manually assisted spontaneous delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery broadly, including unassisted and manually assisted forms; SNOMED 5556001 is more specific in that it denotes a spontaneous vaginal birth where the clinician provides manual assistance (e.g., perineal support, controlled delivery of the head)." }] }, { "code" : "737008003", "display" : "Mapping of skin ulcer of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mapping/tracing the extent of a skin ulcer on the lower limb; LZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available concept (assessment of skin/subcutaneous tissue, NEC), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes wound mapping of a lower-limb ulcer." }] }, { "code" : "708587003", "display" : "Marsupialization of abscess of pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a pharyngeal abscess is a drainage procedure performed on the oropharynx, making KAR.JB.AA the closest functional match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any drainage of the oral pharynx without specifying the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "176590003", "display" : "Marsupialization of Bartholin's gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block; marsupialization of a Bartholin gland cyst or abscess is functionally a drainage procedure of the vulvar region, so NMI.JB.AA is the best available match, though it is broader as it covers any vulvar drainage." }] }, { "code" : "53580003", "display" : "Marsupialization of cyst of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a laryngeal cyst involves incising and broadly opening the cyst to create a permanent drainage pouch, which is functionally a drainage procedure of the larynx. JAN.JB.AC is the closest match but does not specify the cyst as the target or the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "444593009", "display" : "Marsupialization of cyst of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a pancreatic cyst (typically a pseudocyst) creates a surgically fashioned drainage communication, corresponding most closely to open drainage of the pancreas. KCO.JB.AA is broader, covering any open pancreatic drainage without specifying the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "709100000", "display" : "Marsupialization of cyst of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a salivary gland cyst is a form of surgical drainage achieved by incising the cyst and suturing its edges open; ICHI's \"Drainage of salivary gland\" captures the clinical intent but is broader, as it does not specify the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "447055003", "display" : "Marsupialization of cyst of uterine cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a cervical cyst (e.g., Nabothian cyst) is a drainage procedure performed on the cervix; ICHI's \"Drainage of cervix\" covers the same anatomical target and functional goal but does not encode the specific marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "231628000", "display" : "Marsupialization of dacryocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dacryocele is a mucocele of the lacrimal sac, and marsupialization opens the sac to allow drainage; \"Drainage of lacrimal apparatus\" is the best ICHI match for this intent, though broader since it does not specify the lacrimal sac subsite." }] }, { "code" : "426577005", "display" : "Marsupialization of lacrimal canaliculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of the lacrimal canaliculus creates a permanent open drainage pouch from a specific part of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus as a whole, broader both in target and technique." }] }, { "code" : "234915008", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a brain lesion (typically a cyst) achieves decompression and drainage by opening the cyst into the subarachnoid space or ventricle; AAA.JB.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all drainage interventions on the brain regardless of technique." }] }, { "code" : "447124007", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a renal lesion (typically a cyst) involves unroofing and opening the cyst to achieve permanent drainage, which aligns functionally with NAA.JB.AA; however, that code is broader, encompassing all forms of kidney drainage without specificity to cyst marsupialization." }] }, { "code" : "177015007", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JB.AA", "display" : "Open drainage of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of an ovarian cyst is classically performed as an open surgical deroofing to create permanent drainage, making NMA.JB.AA the closest ICHI match; it is wider because it covers any open drainage of the ovary and does not specify the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "176666008", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for marsupialization; the procedure's primary therapeutic intent — decompressing a vaginal cyst/lesion by creating a permanent opening — maps most closely to drainage of vagina. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all vaginal drainage." }] }, { "code" : "265614009", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a vulval lesion (most often a Bartholin's cyst) is a cyst-opening and drainage procedure; ICHI does not include marsupialization as a distinct action, so drainage of vulva is the closest functional equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "174432007", "display" : "Marsupialization of liver lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a liver cyst (e.g., hydatid cyst) involves incising the cyst and suturing it open to the abdominal wall for prolonged drainage; this maps functionally to drainage of liver in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the technique or lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "1293038008", "display" : "Marsupialization of pilonidal cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pilonidal cysts occur in the sacrococcygeal skin and subcutaneous tissue, placing them within the trunk skin/subcutaneous block; marsupialization is the surgical technique used which ICHI subsumes under drainage of that region." }] }, { "code" : "307664006", "display" : "Marsupialization of pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a pilonidal sinus involves incising the sinus tract open and suturing its edges to the skin wound — an incision-based procedure on the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk (sacrococcygeal region). LAB.FA.AA is broader as it covers any incision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "57166001", "display" : "Marsupialization of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a prostatic cyst or abscess involves incising it open and suturing its walls to create permanent drainage; the primary clinical outcome is drainage, making NGA.JB.AA the closest available code. It is wider because it covers any drainage of the prostate." }] }, { "code" : "1332549004", "display" : "Marsupialization of ranula of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ranula is a mucocele of the sublingual (salivary) gland, and marsupialization unroofs it to allow sustained drainage; KAM.JB.AA is the closest code as it represents drainage of a salivary gland. It is wider because it does not specify the sublingual gland or the ranula pathology." }] }, { "code" : "63417009", "display" : "Marsupialization of spinal cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spinal cysts (arachnoid, Tarlov/perineural cysts) lie within the spinal meningeal space, and marsupialization opens the cyst wall to achieve permanent drainage into the surrounding space; ABC.JB.AA captures the drainage component in the correct anatomical territory." }] }, { "code" : "71794007", "display" : "Marsupialization of splenic cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no marsupialization-specific code for the spleen; the closest available code is local excision of a splenic lesion (DJA.JI.AA), which is broader because marsupialization is a distinct technique that creates a permanent open pouch rather than fully excising the cyst." }] }, { "code" : "307257002", "display" : "Marsupialization of sublingual cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sublingual gland falls within the salivary gland block and a ranula (sublingual cyst) is a lesion of the sublingual gland; KAM.JI.AC is the nearest match but is broader because it does not capture the marsupialization technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "307175009", "display" : "Marsupialization of submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of the submandibular (Wharton's) duct involves incising the duct and suturing its edges open — procedurally closer to an incision than an excision; KAM.FA.AA is the best fit, though broader since it does not specify the marsupialization technique or the submandibular duct specifically." }] }, { "code" : "431187006", "display" : "Massage of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAS.PC.ZZ", "display" : "Massage of soft tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAS.PC.ZZ covers massage of soft tissue of the entire head or neck region, of which the face is a subset; ICHI does not have a face-specific massage code, making this mapping wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies the face only." }] }, { "code" : "171009000", "display" : "Mastectomy counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no breast- or mastectomy-specific counselling code; the breast block (LCA) has only surgical and imaging interventions with no counselling sub-codes. PZB.PP.ZZ is the best available fit but is substantially broader than this specific pre/post-mastectomy counselling context." }] }, { "code" : "359652001", "display" : "Mastoid and middle ear operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-CAA", "display" : "Interventions on the ear or mastoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers combined mastoid and middle ear operations — ICHI has dedicated blocks for each but no single category or block that jointly covers both. The closest parent block BlockL3-CAA is broader, encompassing external and inner ear as well." }] }, { "code" : "385766001", "display" : "Meals on wheels provision assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment in relation to food as an environmental/public-health target, which broadly encompasses evaluating the provision of home-delivered meals; however, it is wider as it is not specific to the \"meals on wheels\" home-delivery service." }] }, { "code" : "764410009", "display" : "Measurement of iodine radioisotope in plasma", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE is the only ICHI code covering radioisotope-based investigation of thyroid/iodine function, making it the best available match; it is wider because it groups all thyroid radioisotope functional studies together and does not distinguish the specific matrix (plasma)." }] }, { "code" : "116821003", "display" : "Measurement of ratio of cell type to abnormal blood cells", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ is the best-fit ICHI code for any quantitative measurement of haematological function, which subsumes the specific act of computing a cell-type ratio against abnormal blood cells; it is wider because it encompasses all haematological measurement." }] }, { "code" : "172207008", "display" : "Medial canthopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for canthopexy (surgical fixation of the medial canthus); the best available code is \"Repair of eyelid\", the broader eyelid-repair category under which a canthopexy would fall, but it does not capture the fixation/pexy nature nor the medial canthus specificity." }] }, { "code" : "231654008", "display" : "Medial rectus Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Faden (posterior fixation suture) procedure on the medial rectus is a specific strabismus operation; ICHI's \"Fixation of ocular muscles\" covers this class of procedure but is broader, applying to any ocular muscle fixation without capturing the posterior suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "50659003", "display" : "Medical audit procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A medical audit is a structured review of clinical practice quality — a specific form of health services assessment. ICHI UEP.AA.ZZ covers all assessment of health services, systems, and policies, which is broader than the clinical audit subset captured by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "53923005", "display" : "Medical consultation on inpatient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for consultation as a distinct professional act or for the inpatient setting specifically; PZB.AN.ZZ captures the core clinical encounter element (whole-person interview) but is broader — it omits the physician-consultation nature and the inpatient-setting constraint of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "226004006", "display" : "Medical equipment assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all personal-use products and technology, of which medical equipment is a subset; ICHI does not have a dedicated code that restricts the target to medical or clinical devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "362978005", "display" : "Medical equipment or device education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.PM.ZZ is the best available match for educating a patient about how to use a medical device, but it covers the full scope of personal-use products and technology rather than being restricted to medical equipment or devices." }] }, { "code" : "396073008", "display" : "Medication administration assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and substances for personal consumption", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"products and substances for personal consumption\" (UAA) is the target axis encompassing medications, and AA denotes assessment, so this code captures the concept of assessing medication use; however, UAA is broader than medications alone and includes any consumable product, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "410265008", "display" : "Medication administration education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and substances for personal consumption", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PM (education) applied to UAA (products and substances for personal consumption) is the best ICHI approximation for educating a patient on how to administer their medications; the ICHI code is wider because UAA encompasses all consumable products (not just medications) and PM alone does not include the guidance and counseling components named in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "423509003", "display" : "Medication coordination/ordering education, guidance, counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and substances for personal consumption", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like concept 410265008, education about medication coordination and ordering is best approximated by education (PM) targeting products/substances for personal consumption (UAA); ICHI does not distinguish between education on administration versus ordering/coordination of medications, so this code is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on prescription coordination." }] }, { "code" : "1344987000", "display" : "Medication interaction counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code for counselling (PP action) exists under UAC, and the closest available code is UAC.PN.ZZ \"Advising about medications,\" which is broader since it covers advising about medications generally rather than specifically about drug-drug interactions; UAC.PN.ZZ is also ICHI's narrowest available option and is slightly wider than the counseling-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "423076000", "display" : "Medication prescription education, guidance and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ \"Education about medications\" is the best single ICHI match for a concept that combines education, guidance, and counselling about medication prescriptions; it captures the dominant educational component but is broader in that it does not restrict the content to prescriptions specifically, and it does not reflect the counselling/guidance dimensions of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1344986009", "display" : "Medication side effect counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically focused on counseling a patient about medication side effects; the ICHI code subsumes but does not isolate the side-effect-specific counseling component." }] }, { "code" : "726605004", "display" : "Medicinal gold therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to gold compounds (chrysotherapy); the closest match is the unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration code, which captures the act of delivering a pharmacological agent systemically but does not distinguish gold from any other drug class or route." }] }, { "code" : "1287046006", "display" : "Medicolegal advice", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEJ.PN.ZZ covers advising in relation to legal services and systems in general, which includes medicolegal advising as a subset, but is broader because it is not specific to the intersection of medicine and law (e.g., clinical expert opinions, fitness-to-work, forensic contexts)." }] }, { "code" : "171408004", "display" : "Medicolegal examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A medicolegal examination involves a structured physical examination of the whole body for forensic or legal purposes, which PZA.AE.AH captures anatomically; however, the ICHI code has no legal-purpose qualifier and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1255163004", "display" : "Mediterranean diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mediterranean diet is a clinician-prescribed dietary pattern targeting eating behaviours, making VEA.TI.ZZ the closest functional match, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any prescribed eating behaviour change and does not specify the Mediterranean dietary pattern." }] }, { "code" : "307251001", "display" : "Meningocele repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Meningocele repair is a surgical closure of a herniated meningeal sac, virtually always at the spinal level, and \"Repair of spinal meninges\" (ABC.MK.AA) is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI does not encode the specific nature of meningocele (herniation repair vs. general meningeal repair), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "390821000", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VA1", "display" : "Interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mental health addiction programs\" refers collectively to organised programmes targeting substance use and addictive behaviour disorders; the ICHI block BlockL3-VA1 covers all interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours across multiple sub-blocks (alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals, gambling, digital technology), making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best fitting level — no single ICHI category captures the programme concept as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "390808007", "display" : "Mental health care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-_LD", "display" : "Interventions on mental functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mental health care\" is a broad umbrella encompassing assessment, therapy, support, and other interventions targeting mental functions, which maps best to the ICHI block covering all interventions on mental functions. The ICHI block is slightly wider in scope as it also includes purely neurological functional interventions, but it is the closest structural equivalent; no single assignable category captures the full breadth of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410229003", "display" : "Mental health screening assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, which encompasses a screening assessment of mental health; the ICHI code is wider because it includes all forms of assessment (not just screening) and covers all mental functions rather than being specific to a mental health screening context, but it is the closest available category code." }] }, { "code" : "229593002", "display" : "Mercury vapor lamp treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mercury vapor lamps are a specific device used to deliver ultraviolet phototherapy, most commonly as whole-body treatment for dermatological conditions; PZA.SC.AH captures the whole-body phototherapy procedure but is broader because it does not specify the light source or lamp type, and phototherapy to a specific body region could also apply if the treatment was localised." }] }, { "code" : "312692004", "display" : "Mesenteric artery bypass graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LI.AA is the anatomically correct code for this bypass, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not specifically identify the mesenteric artery as the target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "6903003", "display" : "Metabolic monitoring procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions and is the closest ICHI code to a metabolic monitoring procedure, but it is broader — it captures a one-time assessment rather than the ongoing/repeated monitoring implied by the SNOMED concept. No dedicated \"metabolic monitoring\" code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "81776007", "display" : "Metal coping", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A metal coping is a prefabricated or cast metal cap fitted over a prepared tooth as a foundation for a dental crown — this is best captured in ICHI as KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device), which is the closest procedural code in the dental interventions block, though it is broader than the specific concept of fitting a metallic coping." }] }, { "code" : "6511000179106", "display" : "Microsurgery of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAN", "display" : "Interventions on larynx and epiglottis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal microsurgery as a distinct procedure type — the microsurgical approach is not captured as a means axis value in ICHI, and no single category code (e.g. repair, excision, destruction of larynx) can represent the generic concept of \"microsurgery of larynx\" without losing meaning. The block \"Interventions on larynx and epiglottis\" is the broadest reasonable match that correctly scopes the anatomical target." }] }, { "code" : "230973004", "display" : "Microsurgical graft to cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cranial nerve graft\" in ICHI is a direct semantic match for the procedure performed, capturing both the target (cranial nerve) and the action (graft/reconstruction). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the microsurgical approach, but the core clinical concept is the same." }] }, { "code" : "1335867009", "display" : "Microsurgical graft to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Peripheral nerve graft\" is a direct semantic match for the procedure, with the target (peripheral nerve) and action (graft) fully aligned. The ICHI code is slightly wider because the microsurgical technique is not encoded in the means axis, but clinically this is the correct code." }] }, { "code" : "699091009", "display" : "Microsurgical repair of blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.MK.AA covers repair of any blood vessel NEC with an open approach, capturing the repair intent and general target, but does not encode the microsurgical technique (open approach code AA does not distinguish microsurgical precision). The ICHI code is broader because the \"microsurgical\" qualifier and the specific vessel type are not represented." }] }, { "code" : "171814002", "display" : "Microsurgical repair of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.MK.AA maps well to the core procedure — open repair of a peripheral nerve — but the ICHI code does not capture the microsurgical technique that is explicit in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "176492008", "display" : "Microsurgical reversal of vasectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.LB.AA", "display" : "Vasovasostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vasovasostomy is the correct anatomical term for surgical reversal of vasectomy (reanastomosis of the vas deferens), so the target and action are accurately matched; however, the ICHI code does not encode the microsurgical approach, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "435781000124109", "display" : "Mineral modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mineral-modified diet (e.g., low-sodium, low-potassium) is a specific subtype of dietary modification, while UAB.DA.ZZ covers food modification in general without specifying the nutrient dimension being altered, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1303934005", "display" : "Minimally invasive correction of thoracic spine using self adjusting rod and pedicle screws using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a highly specific minimally invasive spinal correction using a self-adjusting rod and pedicle screws under fluoroscopic guidance, whereas ICHI's nearest code covers percutaneous implantation of any device into the thoracic spine without capturing the corrective purpose, specific hardware type, or fluoroscopic means. No ICHI code exists for spinal deformity correction or instrumentation with rods and screws specifically, making this the broadest reasonable match." }] }, { "code" : "1366442001", "display" : "Mitomycin intravascular chemoembolization of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection of agent into cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers percutaneous injection of an agent into the cornea, which captures the target (cornea) and the delivery of a pharmacological agent, but does not encode the vascular approach (intravascular/chemoembolization), the specific chemotherapeutic agent (mitomycin), or the combined embolization mechanism of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410267000", "display" : "Mobility/transfers education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about transferring oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers both mobility and transfers education together with guidance and counseling, while SHG.PM.ZZ is scoped only to educating about transferring oneself. A combined code pairing (e.g. SHG.PM.ZZ + SHG.PN.ZZ for advising) would be closer, but as a single best code this is the most relevant match; it is wider because it does not capture the mobility component or the counseling/guidance dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "443605009", "display" : "Mobilization of splenic flexure of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the splenic flexure; KBP.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon) is the closest match as mobilisation of the splenic flexure is a form of intra-abdominal colonic manipulation, but the ICHI code covers the entire colon without flexure specificity and does not use the term \"mobilisation\"." }] }, { "code" : "229390000", "display" : "Mobilization of the foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.PB.AH covers joints of both the foot and toe, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the foot; additionally, the foot contains multiple joints (tarsal, tarsometatarsal, etc.) and the SNOMED concept likely refers to the foot region generally, so the ICHI code is the best available match but is marginally wider." }] }, { "code" : "229419001", "display" : "Mobilization of the sacroiliac joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacroiliac joint is anatomically part of the pelvic region, and MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific available ICHI code for mobilisation in this area. However, it covers all joints of the pelvic region (including the pubic symphysis), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the sacroiliac joint alone." }] }, { "code" : "229408004", "display" : "Mobilization of the spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has segment-specific spine mobilisation codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) but no single code for the spine as a whole; MBZ.PB.AH (NEC residual) is the best available catch-all, though it is defined as a residual for cases not covered by the more specific codes and is therefore broader/less precise than the unspecified-level SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229427005", "display" : "Mobilization of the temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the temporomandibular joint specifically; MAJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any head or neck joint, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the TMJ. This is the most anatomically precise available ICHI code for this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "229320006", "display" : "Mobilizing the neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers mobilisation of all neck structures (including non-vertebral joints such as facet joints and soft tissue), while ICHI's code specifically targets the cervical vertebral column; MBA.PB.AH is therefore narrower anatomically than \"neck\" as a whole, making the SNOMED concept wider than this code." }] }, { "code" : "446046007", "display" : "Modification of hearing aid mold", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hearing aid mold is a communication assistive product, and UAF.KB.ZZ covers changing/modifying any communication technology product. However, this ICHI code is broader than the specific concept of modifying only the earmold component of a hearing aid; ICHI has no code specific to hearing aid molds or their modification." }] }, { "code" : "762104002", "display" : "Modified fluid diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ represents any modification to food, which is broader than the specific clinical intervention of prescribing or implementing a modified fluid diet for a patient; ICHI has no code specifically for texture- or consistency-modified diets." }] }, { "code" : "711004004", "display" : "Monitoring activity tolerance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of exercise tolerance functions, which is the closest ICHI concept to monitoring a patient's activity/exercise tolerance; it is slightly broader as \"assessment\" in ICHI encompasses ongoing monitoring, but ICHI does not have a dedicated monitoring code under the HTM block." }] }, { "code" : "713117007", "display" : "Monitoring fetal development", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all pregnancy-related functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about monitoring fetal development. No ICHI code targets fetal development monitoring specifically; the closest specific code NMR.AI.AC is internal fetal monitoring (a technical intrapartum procedure), making NUE.AI.ZZ the better conceptual match despite being broader." }] }, { "code" : "133879001", "display" : "Monitoring of patient temperature", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AB.ZZ covers the measurement of body temperature, which is semantically very close to monitoring patient temperature; however, \"monitoring\" in SNOMED implies ongoing or repeated measurement over time, whereas ICHI's action axis AB (measurement) denotes a single-point measurement, making the ICHI code slightly broader in scope. No dedicated ICHI \"monitoring of body temperature\" code exists." }] }, { "code" : "717778001", "display" : "Mouth care", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mouth care\" is a specific nursing/clinical task of caring for the oral cavity, whereas SMC.RA.ZZ covers performing body-part care for any body part. There is no ICHI code restricted to the mouth/oral cavity under the self-care or nursing-care domain, making this the closest available code albeit broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "359965008", "display" : "Moving a patient in bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHA.RA.ZZ covers physically performing a body position change for a person, which maps directly to the nursing act of repositioning/turning a patient in bed. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it is not restricted to the in-bed context, but it is the most specific ICHI code available for this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "58715004", "display" : "Moving a patient to a stretcher", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Moving a patient onto a stretcher is a specific instance of physically transferring a person from one surface to another, which is precisely what SHG.RA.ZZ encodes. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all person-transfer situations, not just bed-to-stretcher transfers." }] }, { "code" : "710960001", "display" : "Moving patient using transfer technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes physically moving a patient via a specific transfer technique, which falls squarely within the scope of SHG.RA.ZZ (performing the task of transferring the person). The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the technique used." }] }, { "code" : "1230189008", "display" : "Moving subject to chair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Transferring the person\" (SHG.RA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept — it captures the act of a clinician physically moving/transferring a patient — but it does not specify the destination (chair), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code encodes the chair-specific destination." }] }, { "code" : "1230102001", "display" : "Moving subject to standing position", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's SHA target covers \"changing body position\" as an activity domain, and SHA.RA.ZZ represents performing that task — which encompasses moving a patient to standing. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to the standing position destination, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "1230188000", "display" : "Moving subject to wheelchair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of transferring the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Moving a patient to a wheelchair is a patient transfer activity, which SHG.RA.ZZ (transferring the person) best captures in ICHI; SHG is the ICHI target specifically for \"transferring oneself/the person,\" but no code encodes the wheelchair as destination, so the mapping is wider." }] }, { "code" : "1333991001", "display" : "MRI guided insertion of marker into left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI code for inserting a device (marker/clip) into the breast percutaneously, which matches the approach; however, it does not specify MRI guidance nor laterality (left), making it broader — laterality could be appended as an extension code if needed." }] }, { "code" : "1333992008", "display" : "MRI guided insertion of marker into right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the breast and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify MRI guidance (which in ICHI would require appending an extension code), and it does not specify laterality (right breast) or that the device is a fiducial/localisation marker rather than any implanted device." }] }, { "code" : "1362077007", "display" : "MRI guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous route and the destruction of a lesion in the breast, which aligns with the core procedure; however, it is broader because it does not encode the specific energy modality (laser) or the MRI guidance (extension would need to be appended), nor does it restrict the target to a neoplasm." }] }, { "code" : "711540006", "display" : "MRI of breast for screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BH is an exact match for the imaging modality and body part (MRI of breast), but it is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the clinical context of screening; ICHI has no separate code distinguishing a screening MRI from a diagnostic MRI of the breast." }] }, { "code" : "312384001", "display" : "Multidisciplinary assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code explicitly encoding the multidisciplinary or team-based nature of an assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not capture the defining characteristic that the assessment is performed by a multidisciplinary team." }] }, { "code" : "31687009", "display" : "Multiphasic screening procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a multiphasic or multi-system screening programme as a single concept. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but is broader — it does not encode the defining characteristic of a structured multi-component screening battery." }] }, { "code" : "306869008", "display" : "Muscle or tendon operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MRB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Muscle or tendon operation\" is a broad SNOMED grouper covering any surgical procedure on muscle or tendon. The closest ICHI structural fit is the block BlockL4-MRB, which groups all interventions on musculoskeletal structures not classified elsewhere (including its child blocks for muscle and tendon); no single assignable ICHI category spans both muscle and tendon operations generically." }] }, { "code" : "76565001", "display" : "Muscle thermography", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific thermography code for muscle; the closest available code is MRM.BA.BA (imaging of muscle, unspecified site), which is broader since it covers all imaging modalities rather than thermography specifically. Note that MRM.SD.BQ exists for muscle hyperthermy (a therapeutic heating intervention), which is semantically distinct from diagnostic thermographic imaging." }] }, { "code" : "363207004", "display" : "Musculoskeletal screening procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated screening code for the musculoskeletal system; MZZ.AA.ZZ (assessment of musculoskeletal system, NEC) is the closest match as it captures a general clinical evaluation of the system, though it is broader than a targeted screening procedure and ICHI's screening codes (VDB block) address health-behaviour screening rather than clinical screening examinations." }] }, { "code" : "107736006", "display" : "Musculoskeletal system incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED 107736006 is a high-level grouping concept for any incision into musculoskeletal structures (muscle, bone, joint, tendon). ICHI has specific incision codes per tissue type (MRJ.FA.AA arthrotomy, MRB.FA.AA osteotomy, MRM.FA.AA myotomy) but no single code covering all musculoskeletal incisions, so the nearest match is the musculoskeletal chapter block, which is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274491002", "display" : "Nasal packing for control of hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC captures the clinical purpose of the SNOMED concept (haemostasis of a nasal bleed) but is broader because it does not specify the method; nasal packing is one of several techniques that fall under epistaxis control in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "400001000004103", "display" : "Neoadjuvant antineoplastic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no antineoplastic-specific or neoadjuvant-specific pharmacotherapy code; PZA.DB.AZ covers generic drug administration to the whole body, which is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the antineoplastic drug class and the neoadjuvant (pre-surgical) intent." }] }, { "code" : "86324006", "display" : "Neodymium, yttrium, aluminum garnet laser photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's retinal intervention block contains no photocoagulation-specific or laser-specific code; BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina) captures the destructive intent of photocoagulation but is broader because it does not specify the Nd:YAG laser modality or restrict the target to lesions rather than the whole retina." }] }, { "code" : "442989006", "display" : "Nerve block with injection of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DC.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the lumbar level and the use of fluoroscopic guidance as the imaging means; ICHI has no dedicated lumbar spinal nerve injection code with fluoroscopic approach differentiated in the means axis." }] }, { "code" : "14327008", "display" : "Nerve ganglion decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"ganglion decompression\" code; ACA.FC.AA (release of peripheral nerve) is the closest functional equivalent, as decompression of a nerve ganglion is a form of neural release, but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any peripheral nerve release and does not specify the ganglion as the target structure." }] }, { "code" : "63694007", "display" : "Nerve pedicle transfer, first stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.LJ.AA (transposition of peripheral nerve) is the best available match for a nerve pedicle transfer, as both involve repositioning a nerve to a new anatomical location; the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the staged nature of the procedure (first stage only) or the specific pedicle-based technique." }] }, { "code" : "50720003", "display" : "Nerve pedicle transfer, second stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.KD.AA", "display" : "Nerve transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Nerve pedicle transfer\" is a staged neurovascular transfer technique that falls within the broader concept of nerve transplantation. ICHI has no code specific to pedicle nerve transfers or their staged execution, so \"Nerve transplantation\" (ACA.KD.AA) is the closest available match, but is broader as it does not distinguish pedicle technique or surgical staging." }] }, { "code" : "120084000", "display" : "Nerve transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Nerve transposition\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering any nerve; ICHI offers \"Transposition of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.LJ.AA) which is a strong match for most clinical contexts, but is limited to peripheral nerves and does not cover cranial nerve transposition (AAN.LJ.AA). Since the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type, the peripheral nerve code is the best single match but is slightly narrower in scope — however, given that peripheral nerve transposition represents the overwhelming majority of clinical use, and the SNOMED concept lacks further specificity, the ICHI code is treated as wider relative to any one specific nerve transposition scenario." }] }, { "code" : "399210005", "display" : "Neurological investigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Neurological investigation\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any diagnostic or evaluative procedure of the nervous system; \"Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified\" (AZZ.AA.ZZ) is the closest ICHI equivalent, covering unspecified neurological assessments. The ICHI code is wider because \"investigation\" can include specific diagnostic tests (e.g. nerve conduction studies, imaging) that have their own dedicated ICHI codes, while AZZ.AA.ZZ is the NEC residual for general assessment." }] }, { "code" : "84303004", "display" : "Neurolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neurolysis — the chemical or physical destruction of nerve tissue to interrupt pain signalling — maps best to \"Destruction of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.GA.AA), but ICHI is broader because it encompasses all routes and targets of nerve destruction; the SNOMED concept does not specify a target nerve type or approach. Comparable ICHI codes exist for cranial (AAN.GA.AA), spinal (ABN.GA.AA), and sympathetic nerves, making ACA.GA.AA the best single generic match for an unspecified neurolysis." }] }, { "code" : "277842006", "display" : "Neurolytic autonomic nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The autonomic nervous system in ICHI is represented under the sympathetic nervous system blocks (BlockL4-ADB), and the only non-region-specific code for interventions on the sympathetic system is ADA.ZZ.ZZ. No ICHI code captures neurolytic (destructive) blocking specifically targeted at autonomic nerves — the sympathetic nerve codes only provide region-specific excision or anaesthetic injection — so the residual \"unspecified\" category is the closest available match, though it is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "273999003", "display" : "Neuroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty refers to surgical release, decompression, or repair of a nerve (most commonly peripheral). ICHI's \"Repair of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.MK.AA) covers the repair/reconstruction aspect but does not explicitly encode the decompression/release dimension of neuroplasty; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses repair generically without capturing the specific neuroplasty technique (freeing a nerve from scar/adhesions)." }] }, { "code" : "287674008", "display" : "Nevi diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nevi diathermy is the destruction of a skin naevus (mole) using electrocautery/diathermy at an unspecified body site. ICHI's LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin tissue at an unspecified site using a non-specified physical means (AH = without incision, contact), which aligns with diathermy-based surface destruction; the code is wider because it is not limited to naevi and covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue destruction NEC." }] }, { "code" : "185387006", "display" : "New patient consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for a first/new patient encounter or consultation as an administrative encounter type; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest clinical equivalent, but it is broader as it does not capture the \"new patient\" qualifier or the administrative/organisational nature of a first consultation." }] }, { "code" : "229552005", "display" : "Night splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that captures the nocturnal/night-time qualifier of night splinting; PZX.LC.AH covers application of a cast or splint at an unspecified site and is the best available match, but it is broader because it does not encode the body-site specificity or the nocturnal application characteristic." }] }, { "code" : "48781000175105", "display" : "Nocturnal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes renal dialysis as a single category (NAA.JC.AF) without any mechanism to distinguish nocturnal haemodialysis from standard dialysis schedules; the code is broader because it covers all renal dialysis regardless of timing or modality." }] }, { "code" : "428311008", "display" : "Non-invasive ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Artificial ventilation\" covers all forms of mechanical ventilatory support and does not distinguish non-invasive (e.g. BiPAP/CPAP via mask) from invasive (endotracheal or tracheostomy) ventilation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically restricted to the non-invasive modality." }] }, { "code" : "264955004", "display" : "Non-thoracoscopic percutaneous pleural puncture procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity is the closest structural match to a percutaneous pleural puncture; however, the ICHI code encompasses drainage (fluid removal via tube/catheter) more broadly than a simple diagnostic or therapeutic puncture, and does not explicitly exclude thoracoscopic approaches, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "414873001", "display" : "Noncontact holmium YAG laser keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's keratoplasty code covers all forms of corneal reshaping/reconstruction regardless of technique, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a noncontact holmium YAG laser procedure; the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the laser modality or the noncontact nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "119720008", "display" : "Nose manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAE.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Nose manipulation\" in SNOMED refers broadly to manual repositioning or adjustment of the nose, which in clinical practice most commonly involves non-surgical closed reduction of the nasal bone. ICHI's MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) captures this procedure, but the SNOMED term is broader as it could also encompass other non-reductive manual interventions on the nose not represented in ICHI's nasal bone block (which only contains X-ray, open reduction, and closed reduction)." }] }, { "code" : "385777007", "display" : "Nursing care coordination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) sits within the whole-person interventions block and captures the coordination activity central to nursing care coordination, but it is broader — it is profession-neutral and not restricted to nursing — making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically nurse-led." }] }, { "code" : "424880000", "display" : "Nursing care education, guidance, counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a nursing-specific education/guidance/counseling code; PZB.PP.ZZ is the broadest whole-person residual counselling category, which captures the counselling element but is wider because it subsumes education and guidance under a single counselling heading and is not nurse-specific." }] }, { "code" : "410268005", "display" : "Nursing care/supplementary health education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept is semantically very close to 424880000; PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest whole-person residual counselling code, but it is broader because it does not capture the education or guidance components separately, and is not scoped to nursing or supplementary health contexts." }] }, { "code" : "410133004", "display" : "Nursing conference management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for the organisational/management activity of conducting a nursing conference to coordinate care, but it is broader — covering case coordination by any provider and any mechanism, not specifically a nursing conference format." }] }, { "code" : "410134005", "display" : "Nursing coordination assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The assessment component of nursing care coordination maps most closely to PZB.AA.ZZ at the whole-person level, but that code is broader — it covers any general health assessment regardless of whether it is performed in the context of nursing care coordination." }] }, { "code" : "410136007", "display" : "Nursing coordination management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ directly represents coordinating and managing a patient's care across providers and services, which is the core of nursing coordination management; it is wider because it is not nursing-specific and does not distinguish management from other coordination activities." }] }, { "code" : "410137003", "display" : "Nursing status report assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The assessment component of a nursing status report aligns well with \"General health assessment\" at the whole-person level; the ICHI code is broader because it is not restricted to the nursing-report context or to nursing as a profession." }] }, { "code" : "182999000", "display" : "Nursing supervision", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated nursing supervision code; UCK.RG.ZZ covers provision of services involving health professional support, which is the closest structural match but is broader because it encompasses any health professional and any service provision, not specifically supervision." }] }, { "code" : "278906000", "display" : "Nutritional support", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DA.ZZ represents active administration of nutritional requirements (e.g., enteral or parenteral feeding), which is the core procedural component of nutritional support; the ICHI code is broader as a residual NEC category that does not distinguish the specific route or form." }] }, { "code" : "225308005", "display" : "Observation regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Observation regime\" denotes a clinical management approach of structured watchful waiting, aligning most closely with ICHI's \"Observation of whole person\"; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the structured, ongoing \"regime\" aspect implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "310813001", "display" : "Observational assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Observational assessment\" refers to evaluating a patient through direct observation rather than formal testing, and \"General health assessment\" is the closest ICHI equivalent at the whole-person level; the ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to the observational means of assessment." }] }, { "code" : "163497009", "display" : "Obstetric examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Obstetric examination\" is a clinical examination performed in the context of pregnancy or childbirth; \"Assessment of functions related to pregnancy\" is the closest ICHI code but is broader because it encompasses all forms of assessment (not just physical examination) of pregnancy-related functions." }] }, { "code" : "46944007", "display" : "Obstetric transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Obstetric transposition\" is a SNOMED grouper covering fetal manipulation procedures including rotation and version manoeuvres; ICHI's \"Rotation of fetus\" captures the core manual repositioning action but does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED term, making the SNOMED concept wider than this single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "84275009", "display" : "Obstetrical hysterotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.FA.AA", "display" : "Hysterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Hysterotomy\" is a direct procedural match, but the ICHI code is not restricted to the obstetric context — it covers any surgical incision of the uterus. The SNOMED concept specifies the obstetrical setting, so the ICHI code is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "120072002", "display" : "Obstetrics repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Obstetrics repair\" is a high-level grouping concept covering all obstetric-related repairs (perineum, vagina, cervix, uterus, etc.); ICHI has no single code for the aggregate, but PAW.MK.AA represents the most clinically characteristic and frequent obstetric repair (perineal laceration/episiotomy repair)." }] }, { "code" : "232673005", "display" : "Obturator airway insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of oropharyngeal airway", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.DL.AC is the closest assignable code covering supraglottic/pharyngeal airway device insertion; an oesophageal obturator airway functions as an oropharyngeal airway adjunct, but the ICHI code does not specify the obturator type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "278728008", "display" : "Occipital incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for an incision limited to the occipital scalp or soft tissue; \"Craniotomy\" is the closest skull/cranial incision code but implies a full bone-opening procedure, making it broader and less precise than a targeted occipital incision." }] }, { "code" : "310215000", "display" : "Occlusal analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for occlusal analysis (study of bite relationships and jaw articulation); \"Dental examination\" is the closest available code, which is broader and encompasses many types of dental assessment beyond occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "11819005", "display" : "Ocular thermography", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated thermography or thermal-imaging code for the eye; \"Assessment of the eye and eye functions\" is the most defensible parent code in the visual system, but it covers all forms of eye assessment and does not capture the specific thermal-imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "447304001", "display" : "One stage extracapsular extraction of lens and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and prosthetic lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA) into two distinct codes with no combined single-stage code; the extraction code is used as the primary mapping but does not capture the simultaneous IOL implantation component, nor specify the extracapsular technique." }] }, { "code" : "446590009", "display" : "One stage intracapsular extraction of lens by inferior temporal route and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JK.AA covers lens extraction (open approach) but does not encode the additional step of prosthetic lens insertion, nor the specific intracapsular technique or inferior temporal route. ICHI is coarser and cannot represent this combined two-step procedure or the surgical approach variant in a single code." }] }, { "code" : "446862000", "display" : "One stage intracapsular extraction of lens with insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with 446590009, BBF.JK.AA captures only the extraction component; the concurrent insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens (BBF.ML.AA) and the intracapsular technique specificity are not represented in a single ICHI code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "116231002", "display" : "Open biopsy of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DJA.AD.AA denotes biopsy of spleen without specifying the approach, while the SNOMED concept explicitly specifies the open approach; the open-approach-specific code DJA.AD.AA is the best match since ICHI does have approach-specific sibling codes (laparoscopic, percutaneous), making the unqualified code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "116233004", "display" : "Open biopsy of uterine ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the uterine ligament; the closest available code is biopsy of the uterus, which is broader in anatomical scope. The open approach is also not distinguished in ICHI, as NME.AD.AA covers biopsy of the uterus by any open/unspecified approach." }] }, { "code" : "450646007", "display" : "Open embolectomy of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated embolectomy code for the mesenteric arteries; IEA.JE.AA is the closest code as it covers open removal of arterial obstruction in the abdominal/pelvic arterial territory which encompasses the inferior mesenteric artery, but it is broader in both the specific vessel and procedure type (endarterectomy vs. embolectomy)." }] }, { "code" : "450647003", "display" : "Open embolectomy of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the inferior mesenteric artery concept above, ICHI has no specific embolectomy code for the superior mesenteric artery; IEA.JE.AA is the best available match as an open arterial obstruction-removal procedure in the abdominal/pelvic arterial domain, but it is broader in both vessel specificity and procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "1332410004", "display" : "Open intra-articular allograft augmentation of intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments by open approach, which is the closest structural match for an open intra-articular ligament augmentation using allograft material; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the graft source nor capture the augmentation framing distinct from full reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "1332411000", "display" : "Open intra-articular prosthetic augmentation of intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the allograft variant, MML.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for open prosthetic augmentation of an intra-articular ligament; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the prosthetic (synthetic) graft type nor the specific augmentation framing distinct from full reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "1332405003", "display" : "Open intra-articular xenograft augmentation of intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for open ligament reconstruction at the knee, but it is broader because ICHI does not differentiate xenograft material from other graft sources, nor the augmentation-only versus full reconstruction distinction." }] }, { "code" : "175205008", "display" : "Open operations for combined abnormality of great vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZM.ML.AA is the broadest NEC reconstruction code for complex congenital cardiovascular malformations and covers combined great vessel abnormalities that do not fit a more specific category; it is wider because it encompasses all unspecified complex congenital heart malformations rather than being restricted to combined great vessel abnormalities specifically." }] }, { "code" : "69889001", "display" : "Open reduction of acute open acromioclavicular dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers open reduction of any joint in the shoulder region, which encompasses the acromioclavicular joint, but does not specify the acromioclavicular joint in particular, nor does it distinguish acute from chronic presentation or the open (wound) nature of the dislocation." }] }, { "code" : "59875008", "display" : "Open reduction of acute open sternoclavicular dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sternoclavicular joint has no dedicated ICHI block or code and does not fall cleanly under the shoulder region or thoracic cage classifications; the unspecified-site open reduction code is therefore the most accurate available match, though it is broader in that it does not specify the sternoclavicular joint, acuity, or the open wound nature of the injury." }] }, { "code" : "59377007", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic open acromioclavicular dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acromioclavicular joint is within the shoulder region captured by MDJ.LD.AA, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific joint, chronicity of the dislocation, or the open wound context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "69580005", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic open sternoclavicular dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no sternoclavicular-specific code; MDJ.LD.AA covers the shoulder joint region broadly, which includes the sternoclavicular joint, but is wider because it does not capture the sternoclavicular specificity, the chronicity, or the open-wound qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "608824002", "display" : "Open reduction of epiphyseal fracture of phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for phalanx fracture reduction, but it covers all bones of the hand or finger without distinguishing phalanges from metacarpals, and it does not capture the epiphyseal fracture type or foot phalanges; ICHI is therefore broader in anatomical scope and lacks fracture-type specificity." }] }, { "code" : "450655005", "display" : "Open reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for epiphyseal growth plate injuries; the SNOMED concept does not specify anatomical site, so the closest available code is the site-unspecified residual for open reduction of bone. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any bone rather than specifically the physis/epiphyseal plate." }] }, { "code" : "10988000", "display" : "Open reduction of lunate dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lunate is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone and its dislocation is treated as a wrist joint reduction; MFJ.LD.AA accurately captures the open surgical approach and the anatomical region but is broader because it encompasses any wrist joint reduction rather than being specific to lunate dislocation." }] }, { "code" : "73809008", "display" : "Open reduction of open clavicular fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clavicle is anatomically classified within the shoulder region in ICHI, making MDB.LD.AA the correct target code; however, it covers all bones of the shoulder region rather than the clavicle specifically, and does not encode the \"open fracture\" wound classification present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "18728007", "display" : "Open reduction of open depressed frontal sinus fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of skull fracture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the frontal sinus or depressed fracture morphology — the closest match is open reduction of skull fracture, which is broader because it covers any skull bone and any fracture type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the frontal sinus and a depressed (open) fracture." }] }, { "code" : "443036002", "display" : "Open reduction of open fracture of radius with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the radius under the forearm bone block without distinguishing radius from ulna, so the target is broader than the SNOMED concept's radius-specific scope; additionally, ICHI does not encode the external fixation method or open-fracture wound status within this code." }] }, { "code" : "442890003", "display" : "Open reduction of open fracture of radius with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the forearm as a whole (not radius specifically) and does not distinguish internal from external fixation or encode open-fracture status, making it broader than this SNOMED concept in target, means, and clinical detail." }] }, { "code" : "38979001", "display" : "Open reduction of open humeral fracture with external skeletal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEB.LD.AA directly names the humerus as the target and open reduction as the action, matching the core procedure, but ICHI does not encode the fixation method (external skeletal fixation) or the open-fracture wound context, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "28445004", "display" : "Open reduction of open humeral fracture with internal skeletal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEB.LD.AA correctly captures the target (humerus) and the action (open reduction) but omits the internal skeletal fixation means and the open-fracture qualifier, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies these additional clinical details." }] }, { "code" : "2098004", "display" : "Open reduction of open mandibular fracture with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not distinguish open versus closed fractures or encode the specific fixation technique (external fixation), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "73915007", "display" : "Open reduction of open mandibular fracture with interdental fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not differentiate open fractures from closed, nor does it encode the interdental fixation technique, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "3338002", "display" : "Open reduction of open radial shaft fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna) without distinguishing the specific bone, shaft location, or open versus closed fracture status, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the radial shaft with an open fracture." }] }, { "code" : "1830008", "display" : "Open reduction of open sacral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBR.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of sacral spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBR.LD.AA is the ICHI code for open reduction in the sacral region and correctly identifies the target anatomy, but it does not distinguish an open (compound) fracture from a closed one, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "8596003", "display" : "Open reduction of open scapular fracture, juxta-articular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any bone of the shoulder region, which anatomically includes the scapula, but is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it does not specify the scapula specifically, the fracture being open/compound, or the juxta-articular (near the joint) location of the fracture." }] }, { "code" : "29431001", "display" : "Open reduction of open shoulder joint dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA matches the procedure (open reduction of the shoulder joint) precisely, but ICHI does not capture the qualifier that the dislocation itself is \"open\" (i.e., compound/with skin breach), making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "37395006", "display" : "Open reduction of open ulnar shaft fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.LD.AA is the best available match — it covers open reduction of forearm bones — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the ulna (not radius), the shaft segment, and that the fracture is open/compound." }] }, { "code" : "288061000", "display" : "Open reduction of separation of epiphysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for epiphyseal separation (Salter-Harris type fractures); MRB.LD.AA is the closest applicable code as a site-unspecified open reduction of bone, since the SNOMED concept does not specify anatomical location and no epiphysis-specific reduction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "261546007", "display" : "Open reduction of spinal dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LD.AA is the site-unspecified spinal open reduction code, which fits since the SNOMED concept does not specify the vertebral level; it is broader in that it encompasses fractures and other spinal reductions beyond dislocation alone." }] }, { "code" : "174150007", "display" : "Open reduction of volvulus of cecum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated cecum target block; the cecum falls under \"large intestine NEC,\" and intra-abdominal manipulation (open approach) covers the reduction of a cecal volvulus, but the ICHI code is broader in both target (any large intestine NEC) and action (manipulation vs. specifically volvulus reduction)." }] }, { "code" : "174151006", "display" : "Open reduction of volvulus of sigmoid colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBU.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal reduction of the sigmoid colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code precisely targets the sigmoid colon with an intra-abdominal (open) reduction, which aligns well with the surgical act of detorsing a sigmoid volvulus; however, the ICHI code covers any intra-abdominal reduction of sigmoid colon, not exclusively volvulus, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "133862007", "display" : "Open reduction with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes open reduction of bone by anatomical site but does not distinguish between external and internal fixation as separate codes, so the fixation type is lost; MRB.LD.AA is used as the site-unspecified fallback, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies external fixation as the stabilisation method." }] }, { "code" : "133863002", "display" : "Open reduction with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode internal vs. external fixation as a means axis distinction within its open reduction codes, and no site is specified in the SNOMED concept; MRB.LD.AA therefore captures the open reduction act but loses the internal fixation detail, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "426067000", "display" : "Open removal of cardiac thrombus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Thrombectomy from atrium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has thrombectomy codes specific to cardiac chambers but no single code for generic \"cardiac thrombus\" removal; HAZ.JE.AA is the closest open surgical cardiac thrombectomy code, with the means axis .AA confirming the open approach matching the SNOMED qualifier, though it is restricted to the atrium rather than the heart generically." }] }, { "code" : "426185005", "display" : "Open removal of cardiac vegetations", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA captures extraction of cardiac vegetations on the unspecified/entire heart (NEC), aligning well with the SNOMED concept; however, the NEC qualifier in the ICHI code suggests approach is unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED \"open\" specification." }] }, { "code" : "450641002", "display" : "Open removal of clip from fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses a clip (used for tubal occlusion/sterilisation), and the means axis .AA matches the SNOMED open approach; it is wider because it includes any device or foreign body, not just a clip." }] }, { "code" : "175947004", "display" : "Open renal denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Renal denervation is destruction of the sympathetic nerves surrounding the renal artery, which are peripheral nerves; ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of any peripheral nerve and is the closest available code, though broader since ICHI has no renal-specific or open-specific nerve destruction code." }] }, { "code" : "439422007", "display" : "Open revision of arterial bypass of lower extremity with segmental vein interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated revision-of-bypass category; IFA.ML.AA is the closest concept covering reconstructive reworking of the lower-limb arterial anatomy, but is broader as it does not specify bypass revision or vein interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "439446000", "display" : "Open revision of arterial bypass of lower extremity with vein patch angioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bypass revision with patch angioplasty; IFA.ML.AA is the best available code covering the reconstructive intent of a vein-patch revision, though broader as it does not capture patch angioplasty or revision-of-prior-bypass context." }] }, { "code" : "439573001", "display" : "Open revision of femoral anastomosis of synthetic arterial bypass graft using autogenous vein patch graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lower limb artery via open approach, which encompasses revising a femoral anastomosis with a patch graft; however, ICHI does not distinguish autogenous vs. synthetic graft material nor specifically represent anastomosis revision, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "438762000", "display" : "Open revision of femoral anastomosis of synthetic arterial bypass graft using nonautogenous patch graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with 439573001, IFA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI match for open femoral arterial reconstruction/revision, but the code is broader because ICHI does not capture the nonautogenous patch material distinction or specific anastomosis revision context." }] }, { "code" : "300896003", "display" : "Open tubal occlusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA directly represents occlusion of the fallopian tubes; however, it does not specify the open approach (laparoscopic and hysteroscopic variants exist as separate codes but no open-specific code was found), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies an open approach." }] }, { "code" : "21371007", "display" : "Operation on abdominal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAK", "display" : "Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified\" encompasses all unspecified abdominal interventions and is therefore broader than a generic SNOMED grouper; the block is assigned because no single assignable category covers an unspecified abdominal operation." }] }, { "code" : "236951003", "display" : "Operation on amniotic cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMM", "display" : "Interventions on placenta, amnion and cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups amniotic cavity interventions together with placenta and cord under one block rather than isolating the amniotic cavity alone, making the ICHI block broader than the SNOMED concept; no assignable category covers an unspecified operation on the amniotic cavity." }] }, { "code" : "32907006", "display" : "Operation on aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block or code covering the aorta as a whole; the nearest parent grouping is BlockL4-HIA, which encompasses the aorta alongside coronary arteries and other great vessels, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "2315006", "display" : "Operation on cerebral meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAC", "display" : "Interventions on cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-AAC precisely covers all interventions on the cerebral meninges and is the best structural match, but as a block it is broader than the unspecified SNOMED category; assigning the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper." }] }, { "code" : "387746009", "display" : "Operation on conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BBA", "display" : "Interventions on conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-BBA groups all conjunctival interventions and semantically matches the unspecified SNOMED concept; the block is broader than any single procedure but appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper." }] }, { "code" : "37661000", "display" : "Operation on digestive tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering all operations on the digestive tract; KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the ICHI residual/unspecified holder for the digestive system, slightly broader as it encompasses the entire digestive system rather than just the \"tract\" (which excludes accessory organs like liver and pancreas)." }] }, { "code" : "386809009", "display" : "Operation on fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMR", "display" : "Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block BlockL5-NMR directly covers all interventions on fetal or embryonic structures, aligning well with the SNOMED concept; it is assigned as a block code because no single assignable ICHI code encompasses unspecified operations on the fetus." }] }, { "code" : "177118006", "display" : "Operation on gravid uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NME", "display" : "Interventions on uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"gravid uterus\" target; BlockL5-NME covers all interventions on the uterus, which is the nearest anatomical container that encompasses surgical procedures performed on the pregnant (gravid) uterus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232924003", "display" : "Operation on implanted atrioventricular valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDM.KA.AA", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any unspecified operation on a previously implanted AV valve; HDM.KA.AA is the only ICHI code that explicitly references operating on an already-replaced AV valve, though more specific in action and carrying the congenital malformation qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "232774007", "display" : "Operation on implanted mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.KA.AA", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced mitral valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any unspecified operation on a previously implanted mitral valve, while HDF.KA.AA specifically denotes re-implantation of a prosthetic valve into an already-replaced mitral valve — the only ICHI code that explicitly operates on an implanted mitral valve." }] }, { "code" : "232875001", "display" : "Operation on implanted pulmonary valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.KA.AA", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced pulmonary valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any operation on a previously implanted pulmonary valve; HDG.KA.AA is the closest ICHI code, explicitly referencing an already-replaced pulmonary valve context, but more specific in covering only prosthetic valve re-implantation." }] }, { "code" : "232812006", "display" : "Operation on implanted tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.KA.AA", "display" : "Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced tricuspid valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept broadly encompasses any unspecified operation on a previously implanted tricuspid valve; HDH.KA.AA is the only ICHI code that explicitly references a replaced tricuspid valve context, but is narrower in action as it specifies prosthetic valve re-implantation." }] }, { "code" : "232952007", "display" : "Operation on implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.DN.AA", "display" : "Replacement of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any operation on an implanted truncal valve, but ICHI has no .KA (re-implantation) code for the truncal valve; HDI.DN.AA (replacement) is the closest as re-operation on an implanted truncal valve most commonly means valve replacement, though it does not capture the implanted-context." }] }, { "code" : "239540005", "display" : "Operation on intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific intervertebral disc blocks but no single block or code covering all intervertebral disc operations generically; BlockL4-MBA \"Interventions on vertebral column\" is the broadest grouping that encompasses all disc sites." }] }, { "code" : "387636004", "display" : "Operation on larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAN", "display" : "Interventions on larynx and epiglottis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping term for any operation on the larynx; BlockL5-JAN covers all interventions on the larynx and epiglottis and is the closest structural equivalent, slightly broader due to the inclusion of the epiglottis." }] }, { "code" : "84339005", "display" : "Operation on lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic grouping for any operation on the lip, which aligns closely with BlockL5-KAA \"Interventions on lip\"; the block is the best structural equivalent but slightly wider since no single assignable category exists at the same generality level." }] }, { "code" : "79480008", "display" : "Operation on lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymph node other and unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises lymph node interventions across multiple site-specific blocks (neck, axilla, mediastinum, abdomen, inguinal) with no single block covering all lymph nodes; BlockL5-DFA is the NEC/NOS grouping rather than a true all-lymph-node umbrella, so it is slightly wider in intent than the SNOMED concept, which spans all sites." }] }, { "code" : "178321000", "display" : "Operation on lymphatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFO", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic vessel, other and unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"lymphatic duct\" block; lymphatic ducts are anatomically lymphatic vessels, so BlockL5-DFO is the closest structural grouping. The thoracic duct has its own block (BlockL5-DFP), meaning DFO covers the right lymphatic duct and other smaller ducts but is framed as \"vessel/other,\" making the match approximate and slightly wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "384676001", "display" : "Operation on mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on mouth or pharynx\" is the closest match but is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept \"Operation on mouth\" because it also encompasses the pharynx. No ICHI block exists for mouth interventions alone, making this the best available approximation at the right level of generality." }] }, { "code" : "67818008", "display" : "Operation on nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAM", "display" : "Interventions on nasal pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any operation on the nasopharynx; ICHI's block BlockL5-JAM covers all 13 nasopharynx intervention categories and is therefore broader than any single procedure, making it the best structural match. No single ICHI category code captures the full scope of the SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "5282006", "display" : "Operation on oropharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAR", "display" : "Interventions on oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's block BlockL5-KAR directly corresponds to the oropharynx (termed \"oral pharynx\" in ICHI) and groups all 20 oropharynx intervention categories, making it the appropriate match for this broad SNOMED grouper. No single ICHI category captures the full scope of \"any operation on the oropharynx.\"" }] }, { "code" : "64887002", "display" : "Operation on ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's block BlockL5-NMA directly corresponds to ovary interventions and encompasses all specific ovary procedure categories (biopsy, incision, drainage, excision, reconstruction, etc.), making it the best structural match for this broad SNOMED grouper. Assigning a block code is appropriate here as the SNOMED concept is a category-level grouper rather than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "18224008", "display" : "Operation on palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI splits the palate into separate blocks for soft palate (BlockL5-KAS) and hard palate (BlockL5-KAT), with no single unified \"palate\" block; the nearest ancestor covering all palate interventions is BlockL4-KAA (Interventions on mouth or pharynx), which is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "29630005", "display" : "Operation on pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCO", "display" : "Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block BlockL5-KCO directly covers all interventions on the pancreas (and pancreatic duct), making it the best structural equivalent to the high-level SNOMED grouper concept; the ICHI scope is marginally broader because it also includes the pancreatic duct." }] }, { "code" : "43882005", "display" : "Operation on parathyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBB", "display" : "Interventions on parathyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI block BlockL5-EBB maps precisely to \"Interventions on parathyroid gland,\" directly paralleling the SNOMED grouper concept; it is coded as wider because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category and the ICHI block encompasses all specific parathyroid procedures beneath it." }] }, { "code" : "62858004", "display" : "Operation on pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HFF", "display" : "Interventions on pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI block BlockL5-HFF is titled \"Interventions on pericardium\" and corresponds directly to the SNOMED grouper concept; it is coded as wider because the ICHI block subsumes all specific pericardial procedure categories (biopsy, injection, adhesiolysis, excision, repair) beneath it." }] }, { "code" : "386676003", "display" : "Operation on peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on peritoneum\" directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept \"Operation on peritoneum,\" covering all procedure types on that structure. The block is used because the SNOMED concept is a general category rather than a specific procedure, and no single leaf code covers the full scope." }] }, { "code" : "13137001", "display" : "Operation on pineal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EAB", "display" : "Interventions on pineal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on pineal gland\" is a direct and precise terminological match to \"Operation on pineal gland,\" scoped to the same anatomical structure. The block is assigned because the SNOMED concept is a general category encompassing all pineal gland procedures, which aligns with the block rather than any single leaf code." }] }, { "code" : "36928000", "display" : "Operation on pituitary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EAA", "display" : "Interventions on pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on pituitary gland\" is a direct terminological and semantic match to \"Operation on pituitary gland,\" covering the same anatomical target. The block is used because the SNOMED concept is a general grouper encompassing all pituitary gland procedure types, matching the block scope rather than any specific leaf code." }] }, { "code" : "363248001", "display" : "Operation on pleura", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JCA", "display" : "Interventions on pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on pleura\" is a direct and precise match to \"Operation on pleura,\" covering all procedure types on the pleural structure. The block is assigned rather than a leaf code because the SNOMED concept is a general category, and the block encompasses all interventions on the pleura collectively." }] }, { "code" : "46421001", "display" : "Operation on skeletal muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRM", "display" : "Interventions on muscle unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest grouping for unspecified-site muscle operations is the block \"Interventions on muscle unspecified site\" (BlockL5-MRM), which covers the same conceptual space but is an organisational block rather than a single assignable procedure code, and does not restrict to skeletal muscle specifically. No single assignable ICHI category represents \"operation on skeletal muscle\" generically, so the block is the best available anchor and is broader in that it encompasses all muscle types at unspecified sites." }] }, { "code" : "392011001", "display" : "Operation on skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-LAA \"Interventions on skin\" is the ICHI organisational block that groups all skin interventions regardless of body site or specific procedure type, making it semantically equivalent in scope to the SNOMED category \"Operation on skin.\" Because it is a block (not an assignable category code) and encompasses subcutaneous tissue as well, it is treated as wider; no single assignable ICHI code covers unspecified skin operations in general." }] }, { "code" : "72086007", "display" : "Operation on skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-LAA is the closest ICHI grouping for skin operations on the head, but it combines head and neck together (not head alone) and also includes subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only skin of the head. No separate ICHI block or assignable code exists for skin of the head exclusively." }] }, { "code" : "57806001", "display" : "Operation on skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-LAA covers both head and neck skin together with subcutaneous tissue, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the neck only; there is no dedicated ICHI block or assignable code for skin of the neck alone." }] }, { "code" : "50262009", "display" : "Operation on skin of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAB", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-LAB is the ICHI block dedicated to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, closely matching the anatomical site of the SNOMED concept, but it is broader because it includes subcutaneous tissue (not just skin) and covers any type of intervention rather than being an assignable procedure code; no single ICHI category represents a generic \"operation on skin of trunk.\"" }] }, { "code" : "76879002", "display" : "Operation on spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABA", "display" : "Interventions on spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of any operation on the spinal cord, and the ICHI block \"Interventions on spinal cord\" covers the same clinical scope. No single ICHI category code exists at this level of generality; the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a parent category rather than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "59300005", "display" : "Operation on spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DJA", "display" : "Interventions on spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Operation on spleen\" is a generic SNOMED parent grouping encompassing all splenic procedures, which aligns with the ICHI block \"Interventions on spleen\" that organises all assignable spleen codes. No single ICHI category is specific enough to represent the full breadth of this concept, so the block is the correct assignment." }] }, { "code" : "14937008", "display" : "Operation on sublingual duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically targeting the sublingual duct; the closest ICHI assignable codes (e.g., KAM.FA.AA \"Incision of salivary gland or duct\", KAM.MK.AA \"Repair of salivary gland or duct\") address salivary gland or duct generically across all major salivary glands. The block \"Interventions on salivary gland\" is therefore the best available match, being broader than the sublingual-duct-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "4784000", "display" : "Operation on sublingual gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a sublingual-gland-specific intervention code; all salivary gland procedures (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) are classified under the \"Interventions on salivary gland\" block without distinguishing between parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the sublingual gland." }] }, { "code" : "50991004", "display" : "Operation on submaxillary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Submaxillary duct (Wharton's duct, draining the submandibular gland) has no dedicated ICHI category code; ICHI recognises the submandibular gland duct only as an extension target (XA7GY0) rather than as the target axis of an assignable code. The \"Interventions on salivary gland\" block, which includes duct-level codes such as KAM.FA.AA and KAM.MK.AA at the generic salivary duct level, is the best available representation." }] }, { "code" : "3963007", "display" : "Operation on submaxillary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The submaxillary (submandibular) gland is a major salivary gland, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAM covers all salivary gland interventions without distinguishing the submandibular from parotid or sublingual glands. The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any operation on that specific gland, best represented by this block which is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "232985004", "display" : "Operation on systemic great vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups great vessels (including the systemic great veins — superior and inferior vena cava) under BlockL4-HIA \"Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels,\" which is broader than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses coronary arteries and great arterial vessels. No dedicated block for systemic great veins as a group exists; HIB (superior vena cava) and HIC (inferior vena cava) are individually more specific and do not collectively cover the concept without adding arterial structures." }] }, { "code" : "86791005", "display" : "Operation on tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRT", "display" : "Interventions on tendon unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes for tendon interventions are always site-specific (e.g., hand, forearm, trunk). BlockL5-MRT \"Interventions on tendon unspecified site\" is the most appropriate match for the SNOMED concept, which does not specify a body region; however, the block is still slightly wider as it groups all unspecified-site tendon interventions rather than being a one-to-one match for the generic SNOMED category." }] }, { "code" : "68265005", "display" : "Operation on the ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-CAA", "display" : "Interventions on the ear or mastoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-CAA is the top-level ICHI grouping for all ear interventions, covering external ear, middle ear, inner ear, mastoid, and ear functions — slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which refers to the ear alone without the mastoid. This is the closest structural match to the non-specific SNOMED \"operation on the ear\" category." }] }, { "code" : "45589008", "display" : "Operation on thymus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DBA", "display" : "Interventions on thymus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on thymus\" encompasses all procedure types on the thymus (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.), making it broader than any single unspecified \"operation on thymus\" encounter. As the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper with no procedure-type specificity, the ICHI block is the best structural match, mapped as wider because ICHI blocks are non-assignable organisational nodes covering all child categories." }] }, { "code" : "15463004", "display" : "Operation on thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBA", "display" : "Interventions on thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Interventions on thyroid gland\" is a named ICHI block that spans the full range of thyroid procedures (biopsy, thyroidectomy, drainage, destruction, transplant, etc.), matching the unspecified SNOMED grouper concept semantically. It is mapped as wider because the ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node covering all more-specific thyroid intervention categories beneath it." }] }, { "code" : "14835004", "display" : "Operation on tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAB", "display" : "Interventions on tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Interventions on tongue\" is the directly named ICHI block covering all tongue procedures (excision, repair, reconstruction, fixation, drainage, etc.), providing an exact name-level match to the SNOMED grouper. It is wider because the block subsumes all child tongue intervention categories and is itself non-assignable." }] }, { "code" : "14354006", "display" : "Operation on upper respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on upper respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a block named exactly \"Interventions on upper respiratory tract\" covering nose, sinuses, nasal pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis, which aligns directly with the anatomical scope of the SNOMED grouper. The mapping is wider rather than equivalent because the ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node that subsumes all specific upper respiratory intervention categories." }] }, { "code" : "392048005", "display" : "Operation on urinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Interventions on urinary system\" is the directly named ICHI block covering kidney, ureter, bladder, bladder neck, and urethra interventions — identical anatomical scope to the SNOMED grouper. Mapped as wider because the block is a non-assignable organisational container for all urinary system intervention categories beneath it." }] }, { "code" : "56486004", "display" : "Operation on uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAS", "display" : "Interventions on soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uvula is a structure of the soft palate, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAS covers all soft palate interventions including uvula-specific ones (e.g., KAS.JK.AA for uvulectomy). No single ICHI category covers the full range of operations on the uvula as a generic SNOMED concept, so the parent block is the best fit and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34289000", "display" : "Operation on vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's BlockL4-MBA encompasses all interventions on the vertebral column and is the closest organisational grouping to the non-specific SNOMED concept \"Operation on vertebra.\" No single category code exists for a generic vertebral operation, so the block — which is broader — is the most appropriate assignment." }] }, { "code" : "112966006", "display" : "Operation on vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BCD", "display" : "Interventions on vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-BCD directly covers all interventions on the vitreous body (aspiration, injection, drainage, vitrectomy), matching the generic SNOMED concept precisely in scope. Since the SNOMED concept is a category-level grouping with no single specific procedure implied, the ICHI block is the best fit and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "107957009", "display" : "Operative procedure on digestive organ", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-KAA covers the entire digestive system including structural organs, digestive functions, and NEC categories, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to operative (surgical) procedures on digestive organs. It is the closest available ICHI grouping, but ICHI does not restrict it to operative/surgical acts only." }] }, { "code" : "429772001", "display" : "Operative procedure on hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MLB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-MLB is the nearest ICHI parent block encompassing hip-related interventions (hip joint, hip cartilage, and thigh structures), but its scope is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept since it also includes thigh bone and thigh muscle interventions beyond the hip itself. No single ICHI block is titled specifically \"Interventions on hip.\"" }] }, { "code" : "24723005", "display" : "Operative procedure on peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ACA", "display" : "Interventions on peripheral nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-ACA is a broad organisational block that contains all operative categories on peripheral nerves and is wider than any single SNOMED operative concept; however it is the closest structural match to the SNOMED grouper concept. As a block code (not an assignable leaf category), it serves as the best available parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "107769006", "display" : "Operative procedure on upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PMA", "display" : "Interventions on topographical regions: upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-PMA is the ICHI organisational block grouping all interventions on the upper limb as a topographical region, which aligns well with the SNOMED grouper concept; the block encompasses all types of interventions (not only operative) and the SNOMED concept implies surgical specificity that ICHI's broader block does not restrict to." }] }, { "code" : "14433000", "display" : "Operative reduction of prolapse of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.LD.AH", "display" : "Reduction of anal prolapse", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.LD.AH covers reduction of anal prolapse without specifying the approach, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly denotes an operative (surgical) procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader, as it also encompasses non-surgical reduction techniques." }] }, { "code" : "276342005", "display" : "Ophthalmological and optical investigations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a single umbrella code for ophthalmological investigations; BZA.AA.ZZ is the broadest residual eye assessment code available and captures the general intent of the SNOMED grouper concept, but it is coarser and does not encompass the optical (non-anatomical) investigations dimension." }] }, { "code" : "103741002", "display" : "Optical transillumination", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Transillumination of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Optical transillumination\" is a general imaging technique applicable to multiple body sites, while JAE.AE.AC is restricted to the paranasal sinus. As no general transillumination code exists in ICHI, JAE.AE.AC is the closest available match; SNOMED is the broader concept here." }] }, { "code" : "386377003", "display" : "Oral health restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Oral health restoration\" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing multiple restorative oral health interventions, whereas KAE.MK.AC specifically describes the restoration of a tooth; the SNOMED concept is broader than this single ICHI procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "231555004", "display" : "Orbital floor implant operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for orbital floor implant insertion; \"Reconstruction of orbit\" (BAM.ML.AA) is the closest available code, encompassing the procedure but also covering other orbital reconstruction methods beyond implant placement." }] }, { "code" : "80206000", "display" : "Orbitotomy with bone flap by lateral approach, Kroenlein, with decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Kroenlein procedure combines lateral orbitotomy with a bone flap and orbital decompression; the dominant purpose is orbital decompression, making BAM.FC.AA the best available match, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific lateral bone-flap approach or the combined orbitotomy component." }] }, { "code" : "43782000", "display" : "Organ or system related test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Organ or system related test\" denotes a broad category of diagnostic testing aimed at evaluating an organ or body system. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers overall health status evaluation rather than being limited to organ/system-specific testing." }] }, { "code" : "281182001", "display" : "Orthodontic technical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthodontic technical procedures encompass the fitting, adjustment, and management of orthodontic appliances. KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code covering appliance application to teeth, but it is broader — it includes any dental device application, not just orthodontic ones." }] }, { "code" : "7649003", "display" : "Orthopedic procedure on head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any orthopedic procedure performed on the head, which maps structurally to ICHI block BlockL4-MAA. The block is slightly wider as it includes neck structures." }] }, { "code" : "75313008", "display" : "Orthotic splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers application of any cast or splint to an unspecified body site, which semantically encompasses orthotic splinting; however, the ICHI code is broader because it conflates casts and splints without distinguishing the orthotics-specific intent." }] }, { "code" : "250730005", "display" : "Osmolal gap measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The osmolal gap is calculated from measured osmolality to assess fluid and electrolyte physiology; the closest ICHI code is ETE.AA.ZZ, which is broader because it encompasses the full functional domain rather than this one specific laboratory calculation." }] }, { "code" : "16992002", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"osteopathic manipulation\" code; the closest is manipulation of a joint at an unspecified site, which captures the core action but is broader in that it does not convey the osteopathic/whole-body systemic approach." }] }, { "code" : "52880003", "display" : "Osteotomy, intertrochanteric, with external fixation and cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes osteotomy at the level of the whole femur without distinguishing the intertrochanteric sub-site, and does not encode the additional procedural details of external fixation and cast application that make the SNOMED concept more specific." }] }, { "code" : "18507001", "display" : "Osteotomy, subtrochanteric, with external fixation and cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the intertrochanteric variant, ICHI has only a single femoral osteotomy code that does not distinguish the subtrochanteric level or the method of fixation, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410093000", "display" : "Ostomy irrigation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of a stoma (any type) which matches the assessment intent of this concept, but is broader because it does not specify irrigation as the focus of the assessment." }] }, { "code" : "737492002", "display" : "Outpatient care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" is the closest ICHI concept covering coordinated management of a person's care, but it is broader than outpatient-specific care management, as it does not restrict to the outpatient setting." }] }, { "code" : "410202008", "display" : "Oxygen therapy assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes oxygen therapy as a therapeutic intervention but does not have a specific code for assessing oxygen therapy; the SNOMED concept focuses on the evaluation/assessment activity rather than the therapy itself." }] }, { "code" : "47412009", "display" : "Packed RBC preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.JH.AF is the closest ICHI code covering the collection/preparation of blood products, but it encompasses all blood products rather than specifically packed red blood cells; ICHI does not distinguish packed RBC preparation as a separate entity." }] }, { "code" : "310401004", "display" : "Packing for postoperative bleeding from tonsillar bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader because it covers all methods of haemorrhage control after tonsillectomy (cautery, suture ligation, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies packing as the particular technique used; the clinical setting (post-tonsillectomy bleeding) is otherwise an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "239380000", "display" : "Packing of wound of bone of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAB", "display" : "Interventions on facial bone, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"packing of wound\" code for facial bone; the action of wound packing (DK — application of dressing/packing) combined with the facial bone target (MAB) does not exist as an assignable category code. The organisational block BlockL5-MAB covers all interventions on facial bone and is the closest available grouping, but is broader and not assignable as a category code." }] }, { "code" : "225784007", "display" : "Pain prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AXA", "display" : "Interventions on pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a rich \"Interventions on pain\" block (BlockL4-AXA) with codes for education, advising, counselling, pharmacotherapy, positioning, and other modalities, but no single assignable code specifically represents \"pain prevention\" as a concept. The block is the closest grouping but is broader and not itself an assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "1255904006", "display" : "Palliative antineoplastic chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for antineoplastic or palliative chemotherapy; the closest assignable category is administration of pharmacotherapy to the whole body (PZA target, DB action), which covers systemic drug delivery but does not specify the antineoplastic intent or palliative context, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "252243002", "display" : "Pancreatic function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"pancreatic function test\" code; the best available code covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which includes but is not limited to pancreatic exocrine/endocrine testing, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241247005", "display" : "Pancreatic venous sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for site-selective or hormone-directed venous sampling; the only applicable code covers generic blood specimen collection, which is considerably broader than the specific interventional radiology technique of cannulating pancreatic/portal veins to sample for hormones." }] }, { "code" : "39027008", "display" : "Pantaloon operation, revision of gastric anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pantaloon operation is a specific revision/refashioning of a gastric anastomosis, but ICHI only has a general \"Gastric anastomosis\" code with no revision or pantaloon-specific variant, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "423650001", "display" : "Paraprofessional/aide care case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" in ICHI covers the coordination and management of a person's care across services, which aligns closely with case management; however, ICHI does not capture the paraprofessional/aide-specific role distinction, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "424186008", "display" : "Paraprofessional/aide care education, guidance, counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ covers general counselling at the whole-person level and is the closest ICHI match to a combined education/guidance/counselling activity not tied to a specific body function or health topic; however, the ICHI code does not encode the paraprofessional/aide role distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243771006", "display" : "Parathyroid sampling catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parathyroid venous sampling via catheter is a selective blood collection procedure to measure parathyroid hormone from draining veins; DIA.AH.XA (specimen collection of blood) is the closest assignable ICHI code, but it does not capture the catheter-directed, site-specific, or parathyroid-targeted nature of the procedure, making it considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "408912004", "display" : "Parenteral feeding assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has codes for administering nutritional substances intravenously (PZA.DA.AF) but no specific code for assessing parenteral nutrition; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the broadest appropriate fit, but it does not capture the specific context of parenteral/intravenous feeding evaluation, so it is considerably wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1345014007", "display" : "Parenting skills case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" in ICHI captures the care-coordination/management function, which is the closest structural match to parenting skills case management; however, ICHI lacks any code specific to case management within a parenting skills domain (VEJ block codes cover education, counselling, and training for parenting behaviours but not case management of it), so PZB.TD.ZZ is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "761888001", "display" : "Parents and Children Together phonological intervention", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PACT programme is a specific named, structured speech-language therapy protocol targeting phonological/articulatory development in children; JUD.PH.ZZ (training of articulation functions) captures the clinical action but is broader, as it applies to any training of articulation — not specifically this programme or phonological level of processing." }] }, { "code" : "62021003", "display" : "Parietal gastric cell mass determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parietal gastric cell mass determination is a specialised physiological test of gastric secretory capacity (oxyntic cell mass), for which no specific ICHI code exists; KT2.AC.ZZ is the appropriate residual category for a functional diagnostic test of the digestive system, though it is considerably broader than this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "21991006", "display" : "Partial fundoplication using thoracic approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of gastroesophageal junction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fundoplication (a wrap of the gastric fundus around the GEJ to treat reflux) is a form of repair of the gastroesophageal junction, making KBE.MK.AA the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify partial vs. total fundoplication, nor the thoracic approach (as opposed to the laparoscopic variant KBE.MK.AB)." }] }, { "code" : "787938008", "display" : "Partial resection of small bowel using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.JJ.AA precisely captures \"partial excision\" of the \"small intestine,\" matching the SNOMED concept well; the ICHI code is slightly broader because robotic assistance is not encoded in the base code (it can be added via extension XG5Z48 \"With robotic assistance,\" but the base code alone does not specify the approach)." }] }, { "code" : "173309002", "display" : "Partial restoration of crown of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC \"Restoration of tooth\" directly covers restorative dental procedures on a tooth, which encompasses crown restoration; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish partial from full crown restoration or specify the crown as the site within the tooth." }] }, { "code" : "426736009", "display" : "Patch angioplasty of renal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patch angioplasty of the renal artery is a specific open reconstructive technique using a patch to widen the arterial lumen; ICHI has no dedicated renal artery code and the closest match is IEA.ML.AA (reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which is broader in both the anatomical target (covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries) and the operative technique (ML = reconstruction, not specifically patch angioplasty)." }] }, { "code" : "310242004", "display" : "Patch repair of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses patch repair of the inferior mesenteric artery as one specific technique. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not specify the patch repair technique." }] }, { "code" : "303169004", "display" : "Patch repair of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with inferior mesenteric artery patch repair, IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is broader in both vessel specificity and technique, making it the best available ICHI mapping for this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34861006", "display" : "Patellar stabilization by tendon transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMT.LJ.AA captures the tendon transfer at the knee, which is the core operative technique in patellar stabilization by tendon transfer; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any tendon transfer at the knee and does not specify the purpose of patellar stabilization." }] }, { "code" : "308397003", "display" : "Patient call procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"patient call\" is an outreach or recall contact with a patient, which broadly fits within a health management encounter, but ICHI has no specific code for telephone/remote patient contact or recall calls. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available category, but it is substantially broader and unspecified compared to the focused SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427143000", "display" : "Patient controlled analgesia device provision management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of pharmacotherapy internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) involves a pharmacotherapy delivery device whose ongoing management — programming, monitoring, and troubleshooting — is captured by PZA.SN.AH. The ICHI code is broader because it covers management of any internal pharmacotherapy device rather than specifically a PCA pump for patient-controlled analgesia." }] }, { "code" : "385718008", "display" : "Patient counseling assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Patient counseling assessment\" is an evaluative step performed before or within a counselling encounter to determine the patient's needs, goals, and readiness — an assessment activity that maps best to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers holistic patient assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of general health assessment rather than the assessment phase specific to a counselling context." }] }, { "code" : "385720006", "display" : "Patient counseling management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Counselling, not elsewhere classified\" under the whole-person block captures the generic counselling act but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically connotes a management-oriented counselling encounter (goal-setting, follow-up planning) rather than counselling per se. No ICHI code exists that combines counselling with a care-management dimension." }] }, { "code" : "385816003", "display" : "Patient feeding technique assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMF.AA.ZZ covers clinical assessment of the eating activity as a self-care function, which broadly encompasses assessing a patient's feeding technique; however, it does not specify \"technique\" assessment and includes all aspects of eating assessment, making the ICHI code broader than the more targeted SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "363259005", "display" : "Patient management procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Patient management procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad administrative/clinical parent concept encompassing any act of managing a patient's care. ICHI's \"Health management encounter, unspecified\" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ) is the closest available code but covers the whole interaction rather than the procedural management act itself, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "712829007", "display" : "Patient request for smoking cessation information", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED describes a patient-initiated request specifically for smoking cessation information, which is a narrow information-giving act. The closest ICHI code is VAB.PM.ZZ (education to influence tobacco use behaviours), which is broader as it covers education as a whole intervention type rather than a single patient-requested information event." }] }, { "code" : "763288003", "display" : "Patient review", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Patient review\" in SNOMED denotes a clinical encounter where the patient's condition and management are reconsidered, which aligns most closely with a general health assessment of the whole person. ICHI's PZB.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers any general health assessment rather than specifically a review of ongoing care, but it is the best available match in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "103705002", "display" : "Patient status observation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a \"patient status observation\" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the broadest clinical assessment code covering whole-person status evaluation, but it is wider in that it encompasses assessment activities beyond simple observation of current patient status." }] }, { "code" : "1285186004", "display" : "Pediatric and adolescent injury prevention program", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VC1", "display" : "Interventions on safety-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for injury prevention programs specifically targeting children/adolescents; the closest structural match is the block \"Interventions on safety-related behaviours,\" which covers the public-health, behaviour-change scope of injury prevention but is broader (no age restriction) and is an organisational block rather than an assignable category." }] }, { "code" : "73850000", "display" : "Pedicle graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated pedicle (pedicled flap) graft code; the closest assignable category is \"Skin graft, not elsewhere classified\" (LZZ.ML.AA), which covers skin/subcutaneous grafting procedures broadly. The extension code XG9JE8 \"Pedicle flap\" can be appended to specify the technique, but LZZ.ML.AA alone is broader than the specific pedicle technique." }] }, { "code" : "59429008", "display" : "Pedicle soft dentoalveolar tissue graft procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a pedicle graft to dentoalveolar/gingival soft tissue; the gingiva block (KAG) contains gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) but no grafting procedure, making the broader \"Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified\" (KAZ.ML.AA) the best available category to capture this oral reconstructive soft-tissue procedure." }] }, { "code" : "182556001", "display" : "Pelvic sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pelvic sling is a specific surgical technique (fascial or synthetic sling placed under the urethra/bladder neck) for stress urinary incontinence, while NAK.LC.AA covers all suspension procedures on the bladder neck without specifying the sling technique. No ICHI code explicitly names a sling procedure, making this the closest available category at a broader level of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "115601007", "display" : "Percentage measurement of cell type to leukocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4K56", "display" : "White blood cell count", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4K56 (White blood cell count) is the closest ICHI code, as it covers quantitative assessment of leukocytes in blood; however, it does not capture the differential percentage breakdown of leukocyte subtypes that the SNOMED concept specifically denotes, making the ICHI code broader. No ICHI code for leukocyte differential or cell-type percentage exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "116820002", "display" : "Percentage measurement of cell type to lymphoblasts", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Quantifying the percentage of lymphoblasts relative to other cells is a morphological assessment performed on a peripheral blood film; XG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination) is the most appropriate ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering the general microscopic review of blood cells without specifying the lymphoblast differential percentage." }] }, { "code" : "115608001", "display" : "Percentage measurement of cell type to lymphocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4K56", "display" : "White blood cell count", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Measuring the percentage of lymphocytes relative to total leukocytes is a component of a white blood cell differential, and XG4K56 (White blood cell count) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for lymphocyte percentage or differential subset measurement, so the mapping is to a broader concept." }] }, { "code" : "115602000", "display" : "Percentage measurement of cell type to red blood cells", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2XJ6", "display" : "Complete blood count automated", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Expressing a cell-type count as a percentage of total red blood cells is a haematological quantification typically performed as part of an automated complete blood count; XG2XJ6 is the closest ICHI code but is broader, encompassing the full panel rather than this specific proportional red cell measurement." }] }, { "code" : "277662000", "display" : "Percutaneous balloon dilation of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Dilatation of oesophagus\" (means code AC = instrument-based, unspecified approach) covers the correct target and action but does not specify the percutaneous balloon technique. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly identifies both the percutaneous route and balloon instrument." }] }, { "code" : "50055008", "display" : "Percutaneous denervation of facet", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Facet denervation (also called facet rhizotomy or medial branch neurotomy) destroys the medial branch of a spinal nerve supplying the zygapophyseal (facet) joint; ABN.GA.AE encodes this percutaneous destruction of a spinal nerve root but is broader because it covers any spinal nerve root destruction, not specifically the facet/medial branch target." }] }, { "code" : "1367531003", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion of pancreas using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.GA.AA is the best available ICHI match for pancreatic lesion destruction, but ICHI does not provide a percutaneous-specific variant for this target (unlike liver or kidney), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the percutaneous approach and imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "609186007", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of lesion of abdominal cavity using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JB.AE encodes percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's core action and approach; however, it is broader because it does not constrain drainage to a specific \"lesion\" (e.g., abscess or cyst) and does not encode the imaging guidance qualifier specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177100008", "display" : "Percutaneous fetal procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMR", "display" : "Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any percutaneous fetal intervention. The closest ICHI match is the block \"Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure\" (BlockL5-NMR), which is broader in approach (not restricted to percutaneous) and is organisational rather than assignable; the only specifically percutaneous fetal code in ICHI is NMR.LG.AF (percutaneous dilatation of fetal heart valve), which is far too narrow." }] }, { "code" : "232729000", "display" : "Percutaneous high speed rotational coronary atherectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated atherectomy code; rotational atherectomy is a specific percutaneous technique for mechanically debulking coronary plaque, which maps most closely to HIA.JE.AF (endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery), but that code is broader — it covers any endovascular debulking technique and does not capture the rotational/high-speed rotational specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1303775006", "display" : "Percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of Morton's neuroma of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the target (peripheral nerve), matching the anatomical site and access route of Morton's neuroma cryoablation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the destruction modality (cryoablation vs. other ablation techniques) nor the specific Morton's neuroma indication, but it is the closest available ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "30973001", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and peripheral nerve target precisely, but uses the generic term \"device\" rather than specifying neurostimulator electrodes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "82258002", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes, intradural", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intradural space is contained within the spinal canal, so this target axis is anatomically appropriate; however, ICHI uses the generic \"device\" rather than specifying neurostimulator electrodes, and \"spinal canal\" is broader than the intradural compartment alone." }] }, { "code" : "431762008", "display" : "Percutaneous laser decompression of intervertebral disc using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and disc destruction action at an unspecified spinal level, but does not specify the laser means or fluoroscopic guidance, and \"not elsewhere classified\" indicates a residual category that is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "232728008", "display" : "Percutaneous low speed rotational coronary atherectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rotational atherectomy is a specific percutaneous technique for mechanically debulking coronary plaque, which falls under the broader ICHI concept of endovascular extraction of obstruction from the coronary artery. ICHI does not distinguish rotational atherectomy from other endovascular coronary obstruction-removal methods, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "367441008", "display" : "Percutaneous puncture of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A percutaneous puncture of the kidney is the foundational step in gaining renal access and is most generically represented by percutaneous drainage of the kidney in ICHI; however, ICHI implies therapeutic drainage rather than a simple puncture for access, making the ICHI code somewhat wider and less specific than a standalone puncture procedure." }] }, { "code" : "177107006", "display" : "Percutaneous sampling of chorionic villus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.XH", "display" : "Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chorionic villus sampling is a percutaneous tissue specimen collection from the chorionic villi of the placenta, which maps well to ICHI's tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all three structures (placenta, amnion, cord) rather than specifically the chorionic villi, and does not specify the percutaneous route." }] }, { "code" : "442010000", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of internal jugular vein using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated thrombolysis code for the internal jugular vein specifically; the head-and-neck vein block (IBD) contains only extraction of obstruction (mechanical thrombectomy), not chemical thrombolysis, so the NEC residual code IZD.DB.AF is the best available match, covering vein thrombolysis without specifying the vessel." }] }, { "code" : "433113006", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of mesenteric artery using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.DB.AF is a good structural fit; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than the mesenteric artery specifically, and AF (endovascular) aligns with the percutaneous fluoroscopic approach." }] }, { "code" : "431796001", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric vein drains into the portal venous system and is anatomically classified as one of its branches, so the ICHI code covering the portal vein and branches is the closest available target — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the mesenteric vein. Fluoroscopic guidance and the percutaneous approach are not encoded in this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "439098007", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of spinal artery using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the spinal artery; the nearest available code is the NEC residual category for arterial thrombolysis. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific (naming the spinal artery and percutaneous/fluoroscopic approach), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "240933008", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and ICHI provides no more specific code for it; IEA.DB.AF is the best-fitting category but covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "315031003", "display" : "Percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JB.AA captures the essential clinical outcome (bile duct drainage) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the percutaneous transhepatic route and the insertion of a drain device. No ICHI code combines percutaneous transhepatic access with biliary drainage specifically." }] }, { "code" : "698740005", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy of coronary artery by rotary cutter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rotational atherectomy (Rotablator) removes plaque by a high-speed rotary cutter via endovascular approach, which falls within the concept of endovascular extraction of obstruction from a coronary artery; however, the ICHI code does not specify the rotary/mechanical atherectomy technique, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use, making it broader than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438523006", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of middle cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Balloon test occlusion is a specific endovascular procedure to assess tolerance to arterial occlusion before definitive treatment; IBB.AC.AF is the only ICHI code representing this procedure type but is restricted to the carotid artery, whereas the SNOMED concept targets the middle cerebral artery — the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "438350002", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of vertebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.AC.AF is the sole ICHI code for balloon test occlusion, but it specifies the carotid artery rather than the vertebral artery; the vertebral artery is an extracranial head-and-neck artery in the same anatomical region, making this a reasonable but still broader match since the target vessel and fluoroscopic contrast specification differ." }] }, { "code" : "443463009", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, and stent insertion is a device insertion performed via a percutaneous transluminal approach, matching the action and means of IEA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries without distinguishing the superior mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "438525004", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of uterine artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular occlusion of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the uterine artery; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific target vessel (uterine artery), the temporary/balloon technique, or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making the ICHI code broader than the highly specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428953003", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal thrombectomy of blood vessel of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for thrombectomy of a hepatic vessel; IEA.JE.AF is the closest match covering endovascular extraction of obstruction from an abdominal or pelvic artery, but it is broader (any such artery, not specifically the liver) and does not distinguish venous from arterial targets, nor does it use the term thrombectomy explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "58380004", "display" : "Pericardiostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.FA.AA", "display" : "Pericardiotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pericardiostomy specifically means creating a surgical opening (stoma) into the pericardium, which is a more specific act than pericardiotomy (a simple incision). HFF.FA.AA is the closest available ICHI code but covers the broader class of incising the pericardium without distinguishing the creation of a permanent or drainage opening." }] }, { "code" : "80117009", "display" : "Perinasal sinusotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.FA.AA represents sinusotomy of the paranasal sinus (NEC), which directly matches the concept of incising a perinasal/paranasal sinus. The ICHI code is slightly wider as a residual NEC category covering any paranasal sinus not assigned its own dedicated block, but it is the correct and best available match for a generic paranasal sinusotomy." }] }, { "code" : "446429000", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of tissue perfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tissue perfusion evaluation in the perioperative setting is fundamentally an assessment of cardiovascular/circulatory function; HT2.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code and correctly captures the assessment action on cardiovascular function. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the perioperative context or the specific target of tissue perfusion." }] }, { "code" : "252742006", "display" : "Peripheral neurophysiological procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.AC.AH", "display" : "Peripheral nerve conduction study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Peripheral neurophysiological procedures\" is a broad SNOMED category covering nerve conduction studies, electromyography (via peripheral nerve), somatosensory evoked potentials, and related electrodiagnostic tests; the closest single ICHI code is ACA.AC.AH (peripheral nerve conduction study), which covers only one sub-type, so the SNOMED concept is wider than the ICHI code selected." }] }, { "code" : "40580009", "display" : "Perirenal operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Perirenal operation\" is a non-specific SNOMED concept describing surgery in the perirenal/perinephric space; ICHI has no single category code for perirenal surgery as a class, but the block BlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney) encompasses the perirenal anatomy and is the most appropriate grouping. The block is broader than any specific perirenal procedure." }] }, { "code" : "676002", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis including cannulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE is a direct title match for peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the cannulation step, whereas ICHI subsumes this within the procedure without naming it separately. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader, not capturing the cannulation detail specified in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "225400002", "display" : "Personal assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ captures a general, non-organ-specific health assessment of the whole person, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of \"personal assessment.\" The ICHI code is slightly wider as it could encompass assessments beyond purely personal/individual scope, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes assessment of an individual person's health status." }] }, { "code" : "423996006", "display" : "Personal hygiene education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VED.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence hygiene behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities — education, guidance (advising), and counseling — each of which has a separate ICHI code (VED.PM.ZZ, VED.PN.ZZ, VED.PP.ZZ respectively) within the hygiene behaviours block. Mapping to VED.PM.ZZ alone is wider because it captures only the education component, not the full triad." }] }, { "code" : "225429000", "display" : "Personal hygiene interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VED", "display" : "Interventions on hygiene behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single assignable code for \"personal hygiene interventions\" as a clinical nursing/care activity; the closest structural match is the block covering hygiene behaviours, which is a public health/behavioural domain rather than direct patient care. Individual codes within VED cover specific behavioural actions (education, training, counselling about hygiene), making the block the most representative wider match." }] }, { "code" : "416323006", "display" : "PET breast study", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no PET-specific code for the breast; LCA.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the breast broadly (action BA = imaging, means BE = nuclear/radionuclide), which includes PET as a modality but is not restricted to it, making it wider than the SNOMED concept specifying positron emission tomography specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243764001", "display" : "Petrosal sinus sampling catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for inferior petrosal sinus sampling specifically; the procedure is a selective venous blood sampling technique via catheter for hormonal gradient measurement, and DIA.AH.XA (specimen collection of blood) is the closest functional match, though it is much broader — capturing none of the site-specific (petrosal sinus), catheter-based, or diagnostic gradient aspects of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118486009", "display" : "Phalangectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no phalanx-specific excision code; MGB.JK.AA covers total removal of any bone of the hand or finger (including phalanges) and is the best match for finger phalangectomy, though it is wider because it includes all hand bones and does not restrict to phalanges, and it does not cover toe phalangectomy (which would require MOB.JK.AA)." }] }, { "code" : "443917009", "display" : "Pharmacological challenge with Class l antiarrhythmic drug to unmask ST elevation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.AF.AF", "display" : "Electrophysiological study of heart", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for a sodium-channel-blocker (ajmaline/flecainide) provocation test for Brugada pattern; the closest match is HFC.AF.AF \"Electrophysiological study of heart,\" which covers invasive and non-invasive electrophysiological assessment of cardiac conduction but is considerably broader than this specific pharmacological challenge procedure." }] }, { "code" : "265032008", "display" : "Pharyngoplasty using lateral pharyngeal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral pharynx in general, which encompasses pharyngoplasty; however, it does not specify the technique (lateral pharyngeal flap), making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept. KAR.MK.AA \"Repair of oral pharynx\" represents a lesser degree of intervention than full reconstruction with a flap, so KAR.ML.AA is the closer match." }] }, { "code" : "107925008", "display" : "Pharynx manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for manipulation of the pharynx specifically; the closest structural match is the block \"Interventions on mouth or pharynx\" (BlockL4-KAA), which covers all interventions on the pharynx region and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept of pharynx manipulation. No individual ICHI category code captures non-surgical pharyngeal manipulation (e.g. manual or instrumental repositioning), making a block-level assignment the most appropriate option." }] }, { "code" : "446729004", "display" : "Photoablation of esophagus using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser photoablation of the oesophagus is performed endoscopically and constitutes destruction of oesophageal tissue, matching the action and target well. However, ICHI does not encode \"laser\" as the destructive means in this code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser as the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "398082008", "display" : "Photocoagulation of esophageal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photocoagulation is a modality of tissue destruction, and the target (oesophageal lesion) matches precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish photocoagulation from other destructive means (e.g., electrocoagulation, cryotherapy) for this target, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the light-based coagulative mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "359957005", "display" : "Photocoagulation of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photocoagulation of the eye most commonly refers to chorioretinal (posterior segment) photocoagulation, and BCA.GA.AH captures destruction of a chorioretinal lesion which is the predominant clinical context. However, the SNOMED concept covers photocoagulation of the eye generically (any ocular structure), while this ICHI code is restricted to the chorioretinal target, and ICHI does not encode the photocoagulation means specifically." }] }, { "code" : "408762001", "display" : "Photoscreening", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photoscreening is a camera-based screening technique used specifically to detect refractive errors and amblyopia risk factors in children; ICHI has no dedicated photoscreening code. BTB.AC.ZZ (Test of seeing functions) is the closest available code but is significantly broader, covering any test of visual function regardless of method, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35683002", "display" : "Phototherapy of newborn", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy) sits in the \"whole body\" target block and represents total-body light exposure as used in neonatal jaundice treatment, which is the primary clinical use of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to newborns and encompasses whole-body phototherapy for any indication or age group." }] }, { "code" : "76260005", "display" : "Physiatric hyperextension of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PA action (Manipulation) encompasses passive, externally applied force to a joint including hyperextension techniques used in physical medicine and rehabilitation, and MRJ (unspecified site) accommodates the non-site-specific SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of joint manipulation, not solely physiatric hyperextension, and does not encode the physiatric (physical medicine specialist) context." }] }, { "code" : "81375008", "display" : "Physical assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ represents a general health assessment of the whole person, which is the closest ICHI concept to a broad physical assessment; however, \"General health assessment\" is broader than \"physical assessment\" as it encompasses functional, psychosocial, and quality-of-life dimensions beyond the physical domain." }] }, { "code" : "9044004", "display" : "Physical medicine evaluation and review for orthotic program", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific follow-up assessment focused on an orthotic program — evaluating whether the orthosis continues to meet the patient's needs — but ICHI has no code for orthotic-program-specific assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available category, sitting under \"Interventions on whole person,\" and is broader because it is not restricted to orthotics or to a review/follow-up context." }] }, { "code" : "61488002", "display" : "Physical medicine initial examination for orthotic program", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept represents the initial clinical assessment carried out to determine whether an orthosis is needed and to specify its design, but ICHI contains no code dedicated to orthotic prescription assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as a person-level assessment category, though it is broader in that it covers any general health assessment rather than an orthotic-focused initial examination specifically." }] }, { "code" : "79536006", "display" : "Physical medicine, initial examination, evaluation and treatment program planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessment of the whole person, which captures the evaluation/examination component, but the SNOMED concept also includes treatment program planning as an integral part of the encounter — an element not encoded in this code. No single ICHI code combines assessment plus rehabilitation treatment planning for physical medicine, so the best available match is the general health assessment, which is broader than the full SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "8552003", "display" : "Physical medicine, initial examination, review and planning of physiotherapy program or procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised planning for a whole person, which aligns well with the planning and program design component of this SNOMED concept, but misses the initial examination/review element. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers planning generically without specifying physiotherapy context or the initial examination step." }] }, { "code" : "410146009", "display" : "Physician status report assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available code for a clinician-conducted overall health status assessment of a patient as a whole person; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a formal physician-authored status report, a level of specificity not represented in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "182550007", "display" : "Physiotherapy manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's manipulation codes are all site-specific (spine, shoulder, hip, etc.) or at least joint-typed, and physiotherapy manipulation as a SNOMED concept is broader than any single joint site; MRJ.PA.AH (\"unspecified site\") is the closest single ICHI code, but ICHI manipulation is also restricted to joints — physiotherapy manipulation can include soft-tissue and spinal manipulation — so the ICHI code is wider in joint specificity but does not fully cover all forms of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "200849007", "display" : "Piercing of external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"piercing\" code; CAC.FA.AA (Incision of auricle of ear, action FA = incision, open approach AA) is the closest structural match, as ear piercing involves a penetrating incision of the auricle. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any incision of the auricle (e.g., for abscess, trauma repair) and does not convey the cosmetic/elective nature of piercing." }] }, { "code" : "428324008", "display" : "Piercing of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.FA.AC", "display" : "Glossotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cosmetic piercing code; KAB.FA.AC (Glossotomy — incision of the tongue, per orifice approach AC) is the structurally nearest code, as tongue piercing involves a penetrating incision through tongue tissue. The ICHI code is wider because glossotomy encompasses any tongue incision (surgical, diagnostic, etc.) and does not capture the cosmetic elective nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "404672000", "display" : "Piggyback lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA correctly encodes the insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens into the lens target, which is the core act of piggyback IOL implantation. However, the ICHI code does not distinguish that this is a secondary lens implanted supplementary to an existing IOL, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174396007", "display" : "Pilonidal sinus operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pilonidal sinus surgery most commonly involves local excision of the sinus tract and surrounding tissue in the sacrococcygeal region, which falls within the trunk skin block (LAB). ICHI has no code specific to pilonidal sinus, and LAB.JI.AA is broader in that it covers any local excision of trunk skin — not exclusively pilonidal pathology — and does not capture drainage-only procedures." }] }, { "code" : "42890002", "display" : "Pin retention, per tooth, in addition to restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration broadly, which subsumes pin-retained restoration as one technique. ICHI does not have a code specific to pin placement within a tooth to retain a restoration, so the available code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies pin retention as a supplementary procedure distinct from the restoration itself." }] }, { "code" : "1155761006", "display" : "Positioning of pillow", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Positioning a pillow is done to support or reposition a body part (limb, head, trunk), which aligns with ICHI's \"Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified\" (PZX.LD.ZZ); the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the instrument (pillow) used to achieve the positioning." }] }, { "code" : "229824005", "display" : "Positioning patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Positioning patient\" is the general act of placing or repositioning a patient, typically meaning the whole body; PZA.LD.ZZ captures this as a whole-body positioning intervention, though it is broader than any specific positional technique (e.g., prone, lateral, Trendelenburg) implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1197610004", "display" : "Positive pressure ventilation via bag and mask", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC covers artificial ventilation broadly across all delivery methods. The SNOMED concept is more specific, designating the bag-and-mask route as the means of delivery, whereas the ICHI code does not distinguish between bag-mask, mechanical, or other ventilation approaches." }] }, { "code" : "1197611000", "display" : "Positive pressure ventilation via endotracheal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is again the best available ICHI code for artificial ventilation, but it is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies both the positive-pressure action and the endotracheal tube as the delivery means. JBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube) captures only the device insertion act, not the ventilation itself." }] }, { "code" : "398272001", "display" : "Post-anesthesia assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated post-anesthesia or post-procedural assessment code. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is broader in scope than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates the clinical evaluation performed after anesthetic administration in the recovery period." }] }, { "code" : "703620007", "display" : "Post-therapy bremsstrahlung imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bremsstrahlung imaging is a specific post-therapy nuclear medicine technique that detects beta-emitting radionuclides (e.g., after Y-90 or I-131 radioembolisation) using secondary photon emission; ICHI has no code for this specific modality, and PZA.BA.BE (radioisotope scan of whole body) is the closest available nuclear imaging code but is broader, covering all radioisotope-based body scans regardless of technique or post-therapy context." }] }, { "code" : "1303583003", "display" : "Post-transplant evaluation of recipient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specifically for post-transplant recipient evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest match as it captures a comprehensive assessment of a whole person, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns the evaluation of a transplant recipient following organ transplantation." }] }, { "code" : "278729000", "display" : "Postauricular incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The postauricular (retroauricular) incision is made in the skin crease behind the auricle, used as a surgical approach for mastoid or middle ear surgery; ICHI's closest available code is CAA.FA.AA (Incision of external ear, NEC), which is broader than this specific anatomical incision site — the mastoid incision code CDA.FA.AC covers only the mastoid sinus itself, not the overlying skin approach." }] }, { "code" : "164814002", "display" : "Postcoital test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The postcoital test (Huhner test) assesses sperm-cervical mucus interaction as part of fertility investigation; ICHI has no dedicated code for this procedure, and NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) is the best available match, capturing the functional fertility assessment purpose of the test, though it is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1370898003", "display" : "Posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Posterior cervical cord decompression (e.g., laminectomy, laminoplasty) is a specific surgical approach to relieve compression on the cervical spinal cord from the posterior route; ICHI's ABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord) is the closest match representing the decompressive release action on the spinal cord target, but it does not capture the cervical level or the posterior approach specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1366069006", "display" : "Posterior decompression of thoracic disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for posterior disc decompression (laminectomy/laminotomy approach) at the thoracic level; the closest available code is thoracic discectomy, which captures disc-level intervention at the thoracic segment but does not specify the posterior approach or distinguish decompression from excision. ICHI is therefore broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1295402005", "display" : "Postmortem plain X-ray of entire body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the imaging modality (plain X-ray) and anatomical scope (whole body) precisely, but has no mechanism within the code itself to specify the postmortem context; the ICHI code is therefore broader in that it applies to any whole-body X-ray regardless of whether the subject is living or deceased." }] }, { "code" : "1295431009", "display" : "Postmortem plain X-ray skeletal survey of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a fetal skeletal survey or postmortem fetal radiography; the fetal imaging block (NMR) contains only ultrasound and MRI, not plain X-ray. PZA.BA.BA (X-ray of whole body) is the best available approximation, but it is broader as it does not capture the fetal subject, the skeletal-survey scope, or the postmortem context." }] }, { "code" : "700496000", "display" : "Postoperative administration of antineoplastic agent into peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DB.AE correctly captures the target (peritoneal cavity) and the action (injection/administration), but it does not encode the nature of the substance (antineoplastic agent) or the postoperative timing; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78892007", "display" : "Postoperative needle aspiration for drainage of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JB.AE", "display" : "Aspiration of thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.JB.AE covers aspiration of the thyroid gland exactly in terms of the target and technique (percutaneous aspiration for drainage), but the ICHI code does not encode the postoperative clinical context, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies this is performed after prior thyroid surgery." }] }, { "code" : "438547004", "display" : "Postoperative physical examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.AE.AH captures a comprehensive physical examination of the whole body, which aligns with the action performed, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the postoperative setting or purpose; any full-body physical examination would map here regardless of clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "37542007", "display" : "Posttreatment stabilization, orthodontic device", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of external appliance of tooth\" (KAE.SM.AC) encompasses the ongoing management of orthodontic appliances including retainers used for post-treatment stabilization, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external dental appliance management rather than being specific to orthodontic retention/stabilization after active treatment." }] }, { "code" : "252953009", "display" : "Prader orchidometer assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGN.AE.AH", "display" : "Examination of male genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Prader orchidometer is a physical examination technique specifically used to measure testicular volume by comparison with calibrated beads; ICHI has no specific code for testicular volume measurement or orchidometer use, so the closest match is the NEC examination of the male genital system, which is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "406153003", "display" : "Pre-admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pre-admission assessment is a structured clinical evaluation conducted before a patient is admitted to a healthcare facility; ICHI's \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match but is broader, as it covers any general health assessment without specifying the pre-admission context or the administrative purpose that distinguishes this encounter type." }] }, { "code" : "182770003", "display" : "Pre-anesthetic assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pre-anesthetic or anesthesia-specific assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, Interventions on whole person) is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any whole-person health assessment rather than one specifically oriented toward fitness for anesthesia." }] }, { "code" : "237383009", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using direct needle method", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pre-biopsy lesion localization; LCA.DL.AE (percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast) captures the core procedure — a needle is a device inserted percutaneously — but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify that the purpose is lesion localization prior to biopsy." }] }, { "code" : "237382004", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using dye", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dye localization is accomplished by percutaneous injection of a substance (dye) into the breast, which matches LCA.DB.AE (Injection into breast) mechanistically; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any injection into the breast and does not specify the localization purpose or the use of dye." }] }, { "code" : "237381006", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using self retaining wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wire-guided localization (e.g., hookwire placement) involves percutaneous insertion of a wire device into the breast, which maps best to LCA.DL.AE; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the wire type, the self-retaining nature, or the pre-biopsy localization purpose." }] }, { "code" : "225061008", "display" : "Pre-employment screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pre-employment screening code; the closest match is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which describes a whole-person health assessment without specifying the occupational/employment context — note that SUG.AC.ZZ (Test of engaging in remunerative employment) targets functional capacity for work rather than a medical fitness-for-employment health screen, making PZB.AA.ZZ the better fit." }] }, { "code" : "710556008", "display" : "Pre-operative assessment of skin integrity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of protective functions of the skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the skin's protective functions (barrier/integrity), which closely matches skin integrity assessment, but the ICHI code is broader — it is not restricted to the pre-operative context and encompasses all clinical settings where protective skin function is evaluated." }] }, { "code" : "422759001", "display" : "Pre-procedure evaluation check", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for a general pre-procedure patient evaluation, but it is broader — it applies to any general health assessment encounter, not specifically a focused pre-procedure check, and does not capture the preparatory/procedural context." }] }, { "code" : "225328009", "display" : "Pre-screening counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDB.PN.ZZ represents advising/counselling in the context of screening behaviours, which aligns with pre-screening counselling, but the ICHI code is broader — it is not limited to counselling delivered immediately before a screening test and covers a wider range of screening-behaviour interventions." }] }, { "code" : "72063000", "display" : "Precision attachment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's entire KAE (Interventions on teeth) block contains no code for precision attachments specifically; KAE.LC.AC \"Application of dental device\" is the closest available code and encompasses precision attachments, but it is significantly broader, covering any dental device application rather than this specific connector-type prosthetic component." }] }, { "code" : "20199003", "display" : "Precision attachment denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like concept 72063000, ICHI has no dedicated code for precision attachment dentures; KAE.LC.AC \"Application of dental device\" is the broadest applicable code within the dental interventions block, but it encompasses all dental device applications rather than specifically a precision attachment-retained removable partial denture." }] }, { "code" : "1287702008", "display" : "Preconception consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated preconception counselling code; NUD.PP.ZZ \"Fertility counselling\" within the interventions on functions related to fertility block is the most semantically proximate code, as preconception consultation centres on fertility and reproductive planning, though the ICHI code is broader and does not specifically denote the pre-pregnancy timing or health risk assessment component." }] }, { "code" : "58065003", "display" : "Prefabricated post and core in addition to bridge retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for post-and-core buildups or bridge retainers specifically; KAE.MK.AC \"Restoration of tooth\" is the closest available code as post-and-core placement is a restorative dental procedure, but it covers all tooth restoration modalities and does not distinguish prefabricated posts, cast cores, or bridge abutment contexts." }] }, { "code" : "2642003", "display" : "Prefabricated post and core in addition to crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A prefabricated post-and-core build-up combined with a crown is a specific form of tooth restoration, but KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures at a broader level. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for post-and-core restorations; the closest assignable category under \"Interventions on teeth\" is the general restoration code." }] }, { "code" : "710970004", "display" : "Prenatal assessment of breastfeeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of breastfeeding behaviours generally, which encompasses the prenatal context of this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code does not restrict the timing to the prenatal period, making it broader; however, it is the most specific available code for a breastfeeding-focused assessment in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "722500002", "display" : "Preoperative blood pressure measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITA.AB.AH captures the action (measurement of blood pressure) and means precisely, but is not specific to the preoperative context — it covers blood pressure measurement at any clinical moment. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped to the preoperative setting." }] }, { "code" : "787911001", "display" : "Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test using bicycle ergometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTM.AC.ZZ covers the functional category of exercise tolerance testing, which aligns with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), but it does not specify the bicycle ergometer modality, the cardiopulmonary measurement component, or the preoperative context — making the ICHI code considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "28792004", "display" : "Preoperative preparation of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SI.ZZ", "display" : "Preparation of skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SI.ZZ matches the core clinical activity — preparing the skin — exactly, but is not restricted to the preoperative context; it covers skin preparation performed at any point in care, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly preoperative." }] }, { "code" : "417667006", "display" : "Preoxygenation by time", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preoxygenation by time is a specific pre-anaesthetic technique of administering 100% oxygen for a fixed duration to maximise nitrogen washout from the lungs. ICHI's \"Oxygen therapy\" (PZA.DD.AC) is the closest available code but covers any therapeutic administration of supplemental oxygen, making it broader than this specific pre-intubation preparatory technique." }] }, { "code" : "417028004", "display" : "Preoxygenation by vital capacity breaths", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preoxygenation by vital capacity breaths is a specific technique where the patient takes several maximal-depth breaths of 100% oxygen before induction of anaesthesia. As with its time-based counterpart, the only available ICHI code is \"Oxygen therapy\" (PZA.DD.AC), which is substantially broader and does not encode the vital capacity technique or the pre-anaesthetic context." }] }, { "code" : "441276006", "display" : "Preparation of embryo for transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for the laboratory step of preparing an embryo prior to transfer; the closest code is NME.DH.AC, which covers the uterine transfer act itself. This code is broader because it encompasses the transfer procedure rather than the pre-transfer embryo preparation step, and it is anatomically scoped to the uterus rather than the embryo as target." }] }, { "code" : "234831001", "display" : "Preparation of pattern for cast restoration of tooth at chairside", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers dental restoration of a tooth generally and is the closest ICHI category; however, the SNOMED concept is specifically the chairside patterning/preparation step for an indirect cast (metal/ceramic) restoration, which is only one sub-step within the broader restoration process." }] }, { "code" : "1340197004", "display" : "Preparation of root canal of tooth and insertion of preformed post", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.ML.AC covers root canal therapy broadly, which encompasses canal preparation, but the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it also includes insertion of a preformed (endodontic) post — a distinct additional step not captured by the ICHI code. No dedicated post-insertion code exists in ICHI's dental block, making KAE.ML.AC the closest available match at a broader level." }] }, { "code" : "787373001", "display" : "Preparation of slide from specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest ICHI concept, as slide preparation from a specimen is a core step in histopathological analysis; however, the ICHI code refers to the broader discipline/test rather than specifically to the preparatory step of making a slide, making it a wider match. No dedicated ICHI code for slide preparation itself exists." }] }, { "code" : "234739007", "display" : "Preparation of tooth for inlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preparation of a tooth for an inlay is a precursor step within the broader dental restoration workflow; KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest available ICHI code and conceptually encompasses tooth restorative procedures including inlay preparation, but it is broader than the specific cavity-preparation step described in the SNOMED concept. No inlay-specific or tooth-preparation code exists in ICHI's dental block." }] }, { "code" : "79540002", "display" : "Prescribing, fitting and supervision of ocular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH covers management of ocular prosthetics broadly, which encompasses the fitting and supervision components of the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not explicitly include the prescribing/ordering step, making it slightly broader in scope and missing the prescriptive element." }] }, { "code" : "63686000", "display" : "Prescribing, fitting and supply of ocular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH is the closest available ICHI code, covering management of ocular prosthetics including fitting; the SNOMED concept additionally specifies prescribing and supply (provision of the device), so the ICHI code is broader and does not fully capture the supply/dispensing dimension." }] }, { "code" : "449022001", "display" : "Prescription of contact lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for prescribing contact lenses specifically; UAD.TI.ZZ covers prescription of assistive/personal-use products broadly, making it a wider match. The only contact-lens code in ICHI (BBB.DK.AH) refers to therapeutic bandage lens application, not prescribing corrective contact lenses." }] }, { "code" : "183131009", "display" : "Prescription of spectacles", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for prescribing spectacles; the spectacles entry found in ICHI is a device/product entry without an assigned code. UAD.TI.ZZ is the best available match as prescribing spectacles is a prescription of a personal-use assistive product, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "2488002", "display" : "Prescription, fitting and dispensing of contact lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (prescription, fitting, dispensing), none of which map precisely in ICHI; UAD.TI.ZZ captures only the prescription component and is broader in scope, while the fitting/dispensing aspects have no ICHI equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "444598000", "display" : "Pretransplant evaluation of donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"pretransplant donor evaluation\" code; the closest available concept is the whole-person general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ), which covers the structured clinical assessment performed on a potential donor but is broader as it does not specify the transplant context or the donor role." }] }, { "code" : "1303222006", "display" : "Pretransplant evaluation of recipient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the donor evaluation, ICHI contains no specific pretransplant recipient workup code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the best available match but is wider because it does not encode the pre-transplant indication or recipient-specific workup scope." }] }, { "code" : "1287703003", "display" : "Pretravel consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated travel medicine consultation code, and searching for \"travel\", \"consultation\", and related terms returned no results; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the nearest whole-person assessment code but does not capture the travel-specific advisory nature of the encounter (risk assessment, vaccination planning, malaria prophylaxis, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "418526005", "display" : "Prevention education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified\" (VC1.PM.ZZ) is the broadest unspecified prevention-oriented education code available; however, \"Prevention education\" as a SNOMED concept is even broader (spanning disease prevention, injury prevention, health literacy, and behavioural education across all domains), making the ICHI code wider relative to any one application but still only a partial approximation of the full SNOMED scope." }] }, { "code" : "1360026005", "display" : "Prevention of substance use disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VA1", "display" : "Interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for \"prevention of substance use disorder\"; the parent block BlockL3-VA1 covers all interventions on substance-related and addictive behaviours regardless of intent (treatment, harm reduction, or prevention), making it wider than the narrowly preventive SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "108224003", "display" : "Preventive patient evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any whole-person assessment, not only those performed for preventive purposes. ICHI has no modifier or separate code that restricts an assessment explicitly to preventive intent." }] }, { "code" : "179874005", "display" : "Primary arthroscopic allograft ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic approach and ligament reconstruction at the knee, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between allograft and autograft graft sources nor does it mark the procedure as a primary (versus revision) operation, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "179873004", "display" : "Primary arthroscopic autograft ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with concept 179874005, MML.ML.AB is the best available ICHI code for arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction, but it does not differentiate graft type (autograft vs. allograft) or primary versus revision status, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179185009", "display" : "Primary cast immobilization of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH captures the application of a cast (the immobilization action), which is the core intervention in cast immobilization of a fracture, but the code is broader as it applies to any body site and does not encode the fracture context or the \"primary\" (first-time) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179640009", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AH captures closed reduction of a joint (the primary procedure in a dislocation reduction) at an unspecified site, matching the site-unspecified SNOMED concept; however, the code does not encode the additional skin traction component or the \"primary\" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179177000", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of fracture and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of a bone fracture at an unspecified site, which is the principal surgical act in this combined procedure; the code does not encode the subsequent cast immobilization component, the fracture context explicitly, or the \"primary\" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179648002", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a compound procedure (closed reduction of a fracture-dislocation plus skin traction application) at an unspecified anatomical site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AH captures only the closed reduction of the joint (the defining element of a fracture-dislocation), omitting the skin traction component and the fracture dimension, making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED meaning." }] }, { "code" : "179607000", "display" : "Primary open reduction of dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes open surgical reduction of a dislocation (joint injury) combined with skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the joint component but does not encode the concurrent skin traction application, so it is broader than the complete SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179053008", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines open reduction of a fracture (bone injury) with subsequent cast immobilization; ICHI MRB.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of the bone at an unspecified site, omitting the cast immobilization step (which would be separately coded as PZX.LC.AH), making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179055001", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes open reduction of a fracture (bone injury) combined with skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRB.LD.AA encodes only the open reduction of the bone, without capturing the skin traction component, making it broader than the full SNOMED procedure bundle." }] }, { "code" : "179615002", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies open reduction of a fracture-dislocation (a combined bone and joint injury) plus skin traction at an unspecified site; ICHI MRJ.LD.AA represents the joint-reduction element (the defining feature of a dislocation component), but omits both the fracture aspect and the skin traction, so the ICHI code is broader than the complete SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "429550000", "display" : "Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of thoracic intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction approach to an intervertebral disc, which is semantically aligned with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. However, it is broader in two ways: it does not specify the thoracic level (MBV = unspecified site, versus MBH = thoracic), and it does not distinguish the radiofrequency means; no thoracic-specific percutaneous destruction code exists in ICHI (unlike lumbar, which has MBN.GA.AE)." }] }, { "code" : "177864003", "display" : "Primary repair of inguinal hernia and reduction of sliding hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAM.MK.AA covers repair of inguinal hernia generally but does not specify the sliding subtype or the reduction manoeuvre; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept, which is limited to primary repair with concurrent sliding hernia reduction." }] }, { "code" : "429516009", "display" : "Procedure involving suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous cystotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.LI.AE (percutaneous cystotomy) captures the suprapubic percutaneous approach to the bladder that characterises suprapubic catheterisation, but the ICHI code refers broadly to any percutaneous cystotomy and does not specify catheter insertion or ongoing catheter management; additionally the SNOMED concept encompasses all procedures involving a suprapubic catheter (insertion, replacement, removal, irrigation), making the ICHI code wider in some dimensions and not a precise match." }] }, { "code" : "118773004", "display" : "Procedure on Bartholin's gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMI", "display" : "Interventions on vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block or category for Bartholin's gland specifically; the closest anatomical grouper is \"Interventions on vulva\" (BlockL5-NMI), which is broader as it encompasses the entire vulva rather than the Bartholin's gland alone. The only ICHI entry for \"Bartholin gland\" (XA27K9) is a pure anatomy extension code, not an assignable intervention code." }] }, { "code" : "118804001", "display" : "Procedure on blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZE", "display" : "Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on any blood vessel; BlockL5-IZE groups interventions on unclassified blood vessels and sits under the circulatory system chapter, making it the closest structural match. It is wider because ICHI also has numerous more-specific blocks for arteries, veins, and named vessels (intracranial, carotid, coronary, etc.) that fall outside this residual block." }] }, { "code" : "129233004", "display" : "Procedure on bone (organ)", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRB", "display" : "Interventions on bone unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's BlockL5-MRB captures the full range of interventions on bone at an unspecified site, which mirrors the organ-level, site-agnostic intent of this SNOMED category concept. It is wider because ICHI also organises bone interventions by specific anatomical site (shoulder, thigh, skull, etc.) across many sibling blocks, none of which alone covers all bone." }] }, { "code" : "118672003", "display" : "Procedure on cardiovascular system", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises heart and vessel procedures under the umbrella \"Interventions on the circulatory system,\" which is semantically equivalent to \"cardiovascular system.\" The residual category code IZZ.ZZ.ZZ covers the full scope of that system; the block itself (BlockL3) is not assignable, so this is the closest assignable code, though it is a residual/unspecified catch-all that is broader in intent than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118821005", "display" : "Procedure on digestive organ", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between \"digestive organ\" and \"digestive system\" as separate scoping levels; the closest encompassing structure is BlockL3-KAA \"Interventions on the digestive system,\" which is wider than the SNOMED concept (which excludes digestive system-level functions and covers organs specifically, while KAA spans the entire system including functions, mouth, GI tract, hepatobiliary, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "118891001", "display" : "Procedure on ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-CAA", "display" : "Interventions on the ear or mastoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-CAA is the top-level ICHI block covering all ear interventions (external ear, middle ear, internal ear, mastoid sinus, and ear functions), making it a reasonable structural match for the SNOMED category \"Procedure on ear.\" It is slightly wider because it explicitly includes the mastoid, which is not named in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118949002", "display" : "Procedure on extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block covering procedures on the extremity (upper and lower limb together); the closest structural grouping is the musculoskeletal system chapter BlockL3-MAA, which is substantially broader as it also includes the trunk, vertebral column, head/neck, and musculoskeletal functions. Separate upper-limb NEC (BlockL4-MIS) and lower-limb NEC (BlockL4-MQS) blocks exist but neither covers both extremities as a unit." }] }, { "code" : "118897002", "display" : "Procedure on eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-BAA is the top-level ICHI chapter for all eye-related interventions and encompasses eyelid, lacrimal system, orbit, anterior and posterior segment, ocular muscles, and visual functions, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the eye organ itself; no narrower single ICHI block covers \"the eye\" as a whole without also including adnexal or functional targets." }] }, { "code" : "118753009", "display" : "Procedure on fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRS", "display" : "Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"fascia\" block; fascia is classified jointly with ligaments in multiple site-specific blocks (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, lower leg, foot) with no single unifying code. BlockL5-MRS \"Interventions on soft tissue unspecified site\" is the closest broader grouping that could subsume fascia procedures at any site, though it covers all soft tissue types beyond fascia alone." }] }, { "code" : "118820006", "display" : "Procedure on floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth block or category; the floor of mouth target (XA8EY7) exists in the extension axis but no corresponding procedure block is defined for it. The closest structural grouping is BlockL4-KAA \"Interventions on mouth or pharynx,\" which is significantly broader as it also includes lip, tongue, teeth, gum, salivary glands, and pharynx." }] }, { "code" : "118674002", "display" : "Procedure on genitourinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on the genitourinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-NAA is the top-level ICHI block covering all interventions on the genitourinary system, which semantically corresponds to this broad SNOMED category. The closest assignable category code NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual \"unspecified\" catch-all, so the block is the better structural match; the ICHI block is wider in that it subsumes every specific genitourinary procedure under it." }] }, { "code" : "118819000", "display" : "Procedure on gum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAG", "display" : "Interventions on gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KAG is ICHI's dedicated organisational block for all interventions on the gum, directly matching the scope of this SNOMED category concept. No single assignable category code covers \"any procedure on the gum\" — the block is therefore the best match and is wider because it subsumes every specific gum procedure beneath it." }] }, { "code" : "118797008", "display" : "Procedure on heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HZA", "display" : "Interventions on heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single block or code capturing \"all interventions on the heart\" at the top level; cardiac interventions are divided across multiple L4 blocks (atrium HAA, ventricle HBA, valves HDE, endocardium/pericardium/myocardium HFA, coronary arteries HIA, and NEC HZA). BlockL4-HZA is the most relevant NEC grouping, but it only covers the residual heart cases; a broader designation would be the parent cardiovascular chapter. Given this structural mismatch, BlockL4-HZA is selected as the closest related block with a wider relationship." }] }, { "code" : "118685000", "display" : "Procedure on hematopoietic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-DAA", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-DAA is ICHI's top-level block for all interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, which is the closest structural equivalent to this SNOMED category. The ICHI block is slightly wider because it also encompasses the lymphatic system, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the hematopoietic system." }] }, { "code" : "118861006", "display" : "Procedure on hymen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMH", "display" : "Interventions on vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains only one hymen-specific code (NMH.JJ.AC Hymenectomy), which is far too narrow for the parent SNOMED category. The hymen is anatomically classified under the vagina block in ICHI (BlockL5-NMH), making this block the best available match, though it is broader than the hymen alone." }] }, { "code" : "118745001", "display" : "Procedure on joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises joint interventions by specific anatomical site, with BlockL5-MRJ \"Interventions on joint unspecified site\" being the closest generic equivalent; the full scope of joint procedures spans multiple site-specific blocks. BlockL5-MRJ is the best single code but captures only the unspecified-site residual." }] }, { "code" : "439487004", "display" : "Procedure on jugular vein using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IBD", "display" : "Interventions on vein of head and neck, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a jugular-vein-specific code; the jugular vein falls anatomically within BlockL5-IBD covering all extracranial head-and-neck veins and all procedure types, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both jugular vein and imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "118851004", "display" : "Procedure on kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-NAA groups all interventions on the kidney and is the direct ICHI structural parallel. The block is slightly wider as an organisational grouping rather than a specific procedure, but covers exactly the kidney target." }] }, { "code" : "118772009", "display" : "Procedure on lacrimal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BAD", "display" : "Interventions on lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"lacrimal gland\" block; BlockL5-BAD encompasses the gland, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct, and puncta — making it broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the gland itself." }] }, { "code" : "123865001", "display" : "Procedure on larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAN", "display" : "Interventions on larynx and epiglottis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-JAN is the most specific ICHI block corresponding to laryngeal procedures, but its scope also includes the epiglottis, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept limited to the larynx alone." }] }, { "code" : "118815006", "display" : "Procedure on lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KAA is the dedicated ICHI block for lip interventions and maps directly to this SNOMED category; coded as wider because it is an organisational block grouping all procedure types on the lip rather than a single assignable procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "118794001", "display" : "Procedure on lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBF", "display" : "Interventions on lung parenchyma", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-JBF is the closest ICHI grouping covering the full range of interventions on the lung, scoped to lung parenchyma. The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "129253000", "display" : "Procedure on lymphoid organ", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-DAA", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated block for \"lymphoid organ\"; lymphoid organs are distributed across separate L4 blocks all under BlockL3-DAA. The L3 block is wider because it also includes bone marrow and blood interventions." }] }, { "code" : "128313009", "display" : "Procedure on male genital organ", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on male genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on male genital system\" encompasses all sub-blocks (prostate, scrotum, testis, penis, spermatic cord), making it wider relative to the SNOMED concept which is itself a category grouper." }] }, { "code" : "118696008", "display" : "Procedure on mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JCG", "display" : "Interventions on mediastinal space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED grouper corresponds directly to the ICHI block \"Interventions on mediastinal space\" (BlockL5-JCG), the parent of all specific mediastinum procedure codes. The block is wider as it is an organisational grouping." }] }, { "code" : "118847001", "display" : "Procedure on mesentery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated mesentery block; the mesentery is anatomically a peritoneal fold, so procedures fall under \"Interventions on peritoneum\" (BlockL4-KMA), which encompasses all peritoneal structures, not just the mesentery." }] }, { "code" : "118739009", "display" : "Procedure on muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRM", "display" : "Interventions on muscle unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept groups all muscle procedures regardless of site, corresponding to BlockL5-MRM. The ICHI block is wider as it is an organisational grouper containing site-specific sub-blocks for every body region." }] }, { "code" : "118666003", "display" : "Procedure on musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept aligns semantically with the ICHI chapter-level block (BlockL3-MAA). The ICHI block is wider as it is the root of the entire musculoskeletal hierarchy spanning bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and soft tissues." }] }, { "code" : "118678004", "display" : "Procedure on nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified category under ICHI's top-level \"Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions\" block. The ICHI code is wider because it also encompasses mental functions, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to the nervous system alone." }] }, { "code" : "118848006", "display" : "Procedure on omentum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the omentum under the peritoneum block (KMA), with omentum-specific codes such as KMA.JH.AA and KMA.LD.AA sitting within this block. BlockL4-KMA is wider because it covers all peritoneal tissue, not just the omentum." }] }, { "code" : "118880008", "display" : "Procedure on peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ACA", "display" : "Interventions on peripheral nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block encompasses the full peripheral nervous system (which includes peripheral nerves as its primary content). BlockL4-ACA is the best structural match as a grouper code, with very high semantic overlap." }] }, { "code" : "439489001", "display" : "Procedure on portal venous system using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IEF", "display" : "Interventions on portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block covers all interventions on the portal vein and branches regardless of approach, whereas the SNOMED concept restricts to procedures performed under imaging guidance; no single ICHI code encodes that guidance qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "118669005", "display" : "Procedure on respiratory system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI block (BlockL3-JAA) is wider because it also encompasses voice and speech interventions, which fall outside the anatomical scope of the respiratory system as intended by the SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "118777003", "display" : "Procedure on salivary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI combines the salivary gland and salivary duct into a single block (BlockL5-KAM); the SNOMED concept is restricted specifically to the duct, so the ICHI block is anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "118768005", "display" : "Procedure on salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on salivary gland\" (BlockL5-KAM) covers the full range of procedures on the salivary gland and is the closest structural match. It is a block (not an assignable category code), making it broader than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "118876003", "display" : "Procedure on seminal vesicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the seminal vesicle together with the prostate in block BlockL5-NGA — there is no standalone seminal vesicle block. The block is wider because it encompasses prostate interventions as well." }] }, { "code" : "699998000", "display" : "Procedure on skeletal muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRM", "display" : "Interventions on muscle unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a \"skeletal muscle\" target as such; the closest unifying block is BlockL5-MRM under the musculoskeletal system chapter, encompassing procedures on muscle regardless of site. Wider as it is a non-assignable block." }] }, { "code" : "118718002", "display" : "Procedure on skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on skin\" (BlockL4-LAA) is the direct structural equivalent, grouping all skin intervention sub-blocks under one heading. It is a block rather than an assignable category, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "118726005", "display" : "Procedure on subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not separate subcutaneous tissue from skin as a distinct block — all body-region subcutaneous tissue blocks are nested under BlockL4-LAA \"Interventions on skin.\" The ICHI block is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "118882000", "display" : "Procedure on sympathetic ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for the sympathetic ganglion; its sympathetic nervous system codes target the sympathetic nerve/chain by spinal level, with ADA.ZZ.ZZ as the unspecified residual. Wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118744002", "display" : "Procedure on tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRT", "display" : "Interventions on tendon unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block for tendon sheath; tendon sheath procedures appear as individual codes scattered within tendon blocks. BlockL5-MRT is the best available container, but it covers all tendon interventions rather than tendon sheath specifically." }] }, { "code" : "118918007", "display" : "Procedure on thymus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DBA", "display" : "Interventions on thymus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-DBA is the ICHI organizational block grouping all interventions on the thymus, semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept. The ICHI block is slightly wider as it is a grouping node rather than an assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "118766009", "display" : "Procedure on thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBA", "display" : "Interventions on thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-EBA groups all ICHI interventions on the thyroid gland, directly matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. The block is wider in that it is a non-assignable grouping rather than a specific procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "118827009", "display" : "Procedure on tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAB", "display" : "Interventions on tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KAB groups all ICHI interventions on the tongue, directly matching the scope of the SNOMED concept. As with the other high-level SNOMED concepts, the ICHI equivalent is a non-assignable block rather than a leaf category." }] }, { "code" : "129254006", "display" : "Procedure on tracheobronchial tree", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JBA", "display" : "Interventions on lower respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block for the \"tracheobronchial tree\" as a combined anatomical target; trachea (BlockL5-JBA) and bronchus (BlockL5-JBB) are separate child blocks under BlockL4-JBA, which also includes lung parenchyma, making it somewhat wider." }] }, { "code" : "771330009", "display" : "Procedure on uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAS", "display" : "Interventions on soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated block for interventions specifically on the uvula; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate, and all uvula-related procedure codes sit within the soft palate block, broader than the uvula-only SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34837004", "display" : "Process audit", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"process audit\" in a healthcare context is a structured evaluation of how care processes are carried out, which falls within assessment of health services. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the full domain rather than the specific \"process audit\" technique." }] }, { "code" : "12672009", "display" : "Proctolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Proctolysis (Murphy drip) is a slow rectal infusion of fluid, most closely represented by irrigation of the rectum in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as \"irrigation\" covers cleansing/flushing contexts whereas proctolysis specifically refers to slow fluid administration for hydration purposes." }] }, { "code" : "1263398006", "display" : "Proctoscopic control of rectal bleeding using electrocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of bleeding of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the electrocoagulation means; KBW.LA.AD captures the target (rectum), action (control of bleeding), and endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish electrocoagulation from other endoscopic haemostatic methods." }] }, { "code" : "310359007", "display" : "Prognosis counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to counseling about prognosis; PZB.PP.ZZ is the generic residual counselling code under the \"whole person\" target, broader than the prognosis-focused SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710153008", "display" : "Promotion of adherence to medication using pill dose dispenser", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RB.ZZ covers practical support to help a patient manage their medications, which encompasses the use of a pill dose dispenser to promote adherence; however it is broader as it does not specify the dispenser means or the adherence-promotion intent specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1193608002", "display" : "Prophylactic internal fixation of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into the femur, which is the core procedure of internal fixation, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the prophylactic intent nor the type of internal fixation device." }] }, { "code" : "713086005", "display" : "Prophylactic internal fixation of humerus using metal nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEB.DN.AA covers device implantation into the humerus, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the prophylactic intent, the specific means (metal nail / intramedullary nail), or the open surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "447421006", "display" : "Prophylactic mastectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JK.AA captures the surgical removal of the entire breast (total mastectomy), which is the standard procedure in prophylactic mastectomy. ICHI does not encode the prophylactic intent." }] }, { "code" : "713285002", "display" : "Prophylactic oophorectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JK.AA", "display" : "Oophorectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.JK.AA describes total excision of the ovary and matches the surgical act precisely; ICHI does not capture the prophylactic indication, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1332557001", "display" : "Prophylactic transfusion of convalescent plasma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.DG.AF is the only ICHI code for transfusion and covers all blood products including plasma; it does not distinguish convalescent plasma specifically nor encode the prophylactic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "28436000", "display" : "Prospective audit", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A prospective audit is a specific form of structured, forward-looking assessment of health services against standards, which falls within UEP.AA.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of assessment without specifying the prospective design." }] }, { "code" : "1193692007", "display" : "Prostatectomy using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JL.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated extension code XG5Z48 \"With robotic assistance\" that can be appended to NGA.JL.AB; however, the SNOMED concept does not specify \"radical\" nor \"laparoscopic\", making the ICHI combination slightly broader in surgical intent and approach specificity." }] }, { "code" : "232893000", "display" : "Prosthetic replacement of atrioventricular valve chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for prosthetic replacement specifically of the chordae tendineae; HDF.MK.AA covers repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which includes the chordae tendineae), but is broader and does not distinguish tricuspid from mitral." }] }, { "code" : "232791006", "display" : "Prosthetic replacement of tricuspid chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to prosthetic replacement of the chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve; HDH.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the entire tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311570008", "display" : "Protected swallow technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Facilitating swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Protected swallow technique\" is a specific compensatory manoeuvre used in dysphagia management; KTC.SC.ZZ is the nearest ICHI code and covers the broader act of supporting safe swallowing function, but is not specific to a protective technique." }] }, { "code" : "1052337007", "display" : "Protein and/or protein derivative modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Food modification\" is the closest ICHI code covering deliberate alteration of a person's diet content, which encompasses protein-restricted or protein-modified diets. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any food modification." }] }, { "code" : "223457009", "display" : "Providing material", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Providing material\" is a broad SNOMED concept for supplying any physical material; UA1.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is itself broad and encompasses technology provision beyond raw material. No more specific \"material supply\" category exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "243761009", "display" : "Provision for addition to foot orthosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PND.DP.AH covers installation of any assistive product to the foot, encompassing foot orthosis fitting, but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to adding a component to an existing foot orthosis — a narrower clinical action." }] }, { "code" : "370878002", "display" : "Provision of adult day center care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adult day center care is a community-based social support service for adults; no ICHI code specifically captures day center care, making UEO.RG.ZZ the best available but clearly broader match." }] }, { "code" : "762227003", "display" : "Provision of advice about aerobic exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEB.PN.ZZ covers advising about physical activity behaviours broadly, which includes aerobic exercise but is not restricted to it; ICHI has no code specific to aerobic exercise advice." }] }, { "code" : "1345183009", "display" : "Provision of advice about housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.PN.ZZ directly represents advising about housing, aligning closely with the SNOMED concept; the ICHI title's \"services, systems and policies\" framing is marginally broader than plain housing advice." }] }, { "code" : "716733008", "display" : "Provision of ambulance with stretcher facility", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing transportation services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no ambulance-specific code; UEH.RG.ZZ represents the provision of transportation services, the closest structural match to provisioning an ambulance service, though it is far broader." }] }, { "code" : "713836000", "display" : "Provision of anticipatory care medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing medications in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not capture the specific anticipatory/prophylactic nature of medications prescribed in advance for expected future symptoms." }] }, { "code" : "736163003", "display" : "Provision of bariatric equipment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bariatric equipment fits under goods for personal use in daily living, but the ICHI code is non-specific and covers any such goods with no reference to bariatric specialisation." }] }, { "code" : "716731005", "display" : "Provision of bariatric transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bariatric transport maps best to the ICHI concept of providing goods for mobility and transportation, but the ICHI code is generic and does not capture the bariatric (weight-specific) specialisation." }] }, { "code" : "445154003", "display" : "Provision of bladder vibration stimulation device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bladder vibration stimulation device is an assistive/therapeutic product provided for personal use in daily living, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though no specific ICHI code exists for this device type." }] }, { "code" : "763379009", "display" : "Provision of chaperone", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chaperone most closely corresponds to a personal care provider/personal assistant role; UCH.RG.ZZ captures the provision of that support-person service but is broader, covering all personal care provider support." }] }, { "code" : "415185004", "display" : "Provision of child day center care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Child day centre care is a community-based social support service; ICHI has no specific code for child day centre care, making UEO.RG.ZZ the most applicable but considerably broader category." }] }, { "code" : "243735005", "display" : "Provision of closed circuit television", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In a health context, CCTV is typically provided as an assistive/communication technology (e.g., video magnifier for low-vision); UAF.RD.ZZ covers provision of communication technology goods more broadly." }] }, { "code" : "1268695002", "display" : "Provision of clothing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clothing is a product used in daily living, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the ICHI category for providing such goods, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all personal-use daily-living goods rather than clothing specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1351555004", "display" : "Provision of domestic vacuum cleaner", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.RD.ZZ covers provision of any goods for personal daily living use, which encompasses a domestic vacuum cleaner; ICHI is considerably broader and does not specify the type of product." }] }, { "code" : "1351798002", "display" : "Provision of financial advice", "target" : [{ "code" : "SV2.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about engaging in economic life, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SV2.PN.ZZ combines the ICHI advising action (PN) with the economic life target (SV2), aligning well with financial advice; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all economic life advice rather than financial matters specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716735001", "display" : "Provision of fixed wing air ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Transporting person\" captures the act of moving a patient, the core activity of an air ambulance, but covers all modes of patient transport with no specificity for fixed-wing aircraft." }] }, { "code" : "243726003", "display" : "Provision of headband telescope", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.RD.ZZ covers provision of goods for personal daily living, which encompasses dispensing a headband telescopic low-vision device, but the ICHI code is generic across all such products and does not differentiate optical or low-vision aids." }] }, { "code" : "710921003", "display" : "Provision of health promotion service for child development", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.RG.ZZ represents the general act of providing health services, which encompasses health promotion services for child development; ICHI has no code that captures child-development-focused health promotion specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716734002", "display" : "Provision of helicopter air ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code capturing patient transport; it is broader because it applies to all transport modes and does not distinguish rotary-wing (helicopter) aircraft from any other vehicle type." }] }, { "code" : "243757003", "display" : "Provision of incontinence appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI code exists for provision of an incontinence appliance; UAD.RD.ZZ covers providing any goods for personal daily living, which subsumes incontinence appliances but is broader than this specific act." }] }, { "code" : "721775007", "display" : "Provision of information about psychosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Psychosis maps to the ICHI target \"global psychosocial functions\" (ATF), and ATF.PM.ZZ represents providing education about those functions; however, this code is broader than psychosis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "704029003", "display" : "Provision of infusion pump for enteral feeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no specific ICHI code for supplying an enteral feeding infusion pump; UAD.RD.ZZ covers providing any assistive goods for daily living and is the best available match, though considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "243710004", "display" : "Provision of low vision aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for low vision aid provision; UAD.TI.ZZ covers prescribing products for daily living, which captures the prescriptive act of supplying an assistive device such as a low vision aid." }] }, { "code" : "243753004", "display" : "Provision of mouth opening appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mouth opening appliance (e.g., jaw-opening splint for trismus) is a type of dental/oral device; KAE.LC.AC is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all dental device applications and not specifically mouth-opening appliances." }] }, { "code" : "827127002", "display" : "Provision of orthopedic feeding plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthopedic feeding plate (e.g., a neonatal palatal plate used before cleft repair) is an intraoral dental device; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering all dental device applications." }] }, { "code" : "711176003", "display" : "Provision of orthopedic stretcher", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthopedic stretcher is an assistive/supportive product applied to the body for musculoskeletal immobilization; PZX.DP.AH is the closest available code but is broader and non-specific to orthopedic stretchers." }] }, { "code" : "228595003", "display" : "Provision of orthosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthosis is an externally applied assistive device used to support, align, or correct musculoskeletal structures; PZX.DP.AH is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as ICHI lists orthoses as product extension codes rather than procedure codes." }] }, { "code" : "715930009", "display" : "Provision of patient escort", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Escorting a patient is semantically closest to PZB.TJ.ZZ (Transporting person), which covers moving a patient from one location to another; however, it is broader as it encompasses all patient transport rather than specifically supervised escort." }] }, { "code" : "733920005", "display" : "Provision of pressure relieving mattress", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI recognises \"Pressure relief mattresses\" as a product category but with no standalone assignable intervention code; the best assignable code is UAD.RD.ZZ, which subsumes the act of supplying a pressure-relieving mattress." }] }, { "code" : "733849003", "display" : "Provision of quiet environment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBJ.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to influence sound", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UBJ.TM.ZZ captures any intervention that modifies the environment to alter sound levels, including creating a quiet environment, but is broader because it also covers interventions aimed at increasing or changing sound." }] }, { "code" : "228619002", "display" : "Provision of ramp", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lists \"Portable ramps\" and \"Fixed ramps\" as product entities but they carry no standalone assignable intervention codes; UAE.RD.ZZ is the best assignable code representing the act of supplying mobility-enabling products." }] }, { "code" : "313124001", "display" : "Provision of removable artificial eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.SM.AH explicitly addresses ocular prosthetics management, which includes fitting and provision of an artificial eye, but is broader because \"management\" encompasses ongoing care, adjustments, and review beyond the initial provision act." }] }, { "code" : "183117009", "display" : "Provision of removable denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of dental devices, the closest assignable ICHI code to fitting a removable denture; it is broader because \"dental device\" encompasses fixed, removable, and therapeutic appliances beyond dentures alone." }] }, { "code" : "1230127008", "display" : "Provision of snack between regular meals", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Providing food\" (UAB.RD.ZZ) is the closest ICHI category, as it captures the act of supplying food to a person; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates a supplemental snack administered between regular meals as a health intervention." }] }, { "code" : "12991007", "display" : "Provision of stents or bite blocks", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bite block is a dental device, and KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth; stents in this dental/airway context (e.g., oral stents used during radiotherapy) also fall under dental device application, though the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish bite blocks or stents from other dental devices." }] }, { "code" : "243746008", "display" : "Provision of talking book", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A talking book (audio-format book for visually impaired or print-disabled individuals) is a communication product being provided, which fits under UAF.RD.ZZ (providing goods for communication). The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any communication goods, not specifically talking books." }] }, { "code" : "243739004", "display" : "Provision of task lighting", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBH.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods in relation to aspects of light", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Task lighting is a physical good provided to modify the light environment, which maps to UBH.RD.ZZ (providing goods in relation to aspects of light). The ICHI code is broader as it covers any goods related to light, not specifically task/localised lighting products." }] }, { "code" : "716730006", "display" : "Provision of taxi", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Provision of taxi is the arrangement of a transportation service, but ICHI's closest match — UAE.RD.ZZ (providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation) — is broader, covering physical products rather than transport services specifically; no ICHI code precisely captures provision of a taxi service." }] }, { "code" : "74385000", "display" : "Provision of therapeutic radionuclide", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A therapeutic radionuclide (e.g. I-131, Lu-177) is a medicinal/pharmaceutical substance administered for treatment, making UAC.RD.ZZ (providing medications) the best available match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all medications, and does not specifically address radiopharmaceuticals; ICHI's only radionuclide-specific codes (e.g. EBA.GA.BE) encode the destructive procedure itself rather than the act of providing the agent." }] }, { "code" : "984521000000103", "display" : "Provision of transport by car", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PZB.TJ.ZZ (transporting person, under interventions on whole person) is the closest match to provision of transport by car, capturing the act of physically conveying a person. It is broader as it does not specify the vehicle type (car vs. ambulance vs. other), and also encompasses the broader concept of transporting rather than narrowly \"provision of\" a car-based service." }] }, { "code" : "243709009", "display" : "Provision of visual appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for dispensing optical appliances (spectacles, low-vision aids, contact lenses). UAD.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing any assistive product for personal daily use, which encompasses visual appliances, but is broader because it includes all personal-use assistive products rather than visual aids specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243747004", "display" : "Provision of wireless", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Provision of wireless\" in clinical context refers to providing wireless communication technology (e.g., assistive communication devices). UAF.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI match covering provision of communication products and technology, but it is broader as it encompasses all communication goods rather than wireless technology specifically." }] }, { "code" : "87489005", "display" : "Provisional splinting, extracoronal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for dental splinting (provisional or otherwise) at either the extracoronal or intracoronal level. KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available match because an extracoronal provisional splint is a device applied to the external surfaces of teeth, but the ICHI code covers any dental device application, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "57875001", "display" : "Provisional splinting, intracoronal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with extracoronal splinting, ICHI has no dedicated code for intracoronal dental splinting. KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available approximation, since an intracoronal splint is a device placed within the tooth structure, but the ICHI code is far broader and does not distinguish between intracoronal and extracoronal approaches." }] }, { "code" : "45392008", "display" : "Psychologic evaluation or test procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions across the full unspecified mental functions domain, which encompasses psychological evaluation broadly. The ICHI code is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to evaluation/test — the \"unspecified\" qualifier means it could also encompass monitoring — but it is the closest assignable code for a psychological test procedure without a more specific mental-function subtype being identified." }] }, { "code" : "270914005", "display" : "Psychological analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"psychological analysis\" code; AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions in the broadest unspecified sense, which encompasses psychological analysis but is not as specific — the ICHI code is broader in scope since it groups all unspecified mental function assessments rather than singling out psychological analysis as a distinct analytical intervention." }] }, { "code" : "171022008", "display" : "Psychological counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for psychological counselling, using the PP (counselling) action on the mental functions target; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all unspecified mental function counselling rather than being restricted to a psychologically-framed counselling encounter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "390822007", "display" : "Psychological therapies", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Psychological therapies\" as a SNOMED grouper concept encompasses the broad range of psychologically-based treatments; AS1.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified) is the best available ICHI match but is wider because it is an unspecified residual category covering all mental functions rather than being anchored to a specifically psychological framing, and \"psychological therapies\" also includes approaches beyond formal psychotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "408919008", "display" : "Psychosocial care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-ATF", "display" : "Interventions on global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Psychosocial care\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering the full range of supportive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative psychosocial interventions; no single ICHI category captures this, so the block BlockL6-ATF (Interventions on global psychosocial functions) is the most appropriate assignment, though it is wider as it is an organisational grouping rather than an assignable procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "282259008", "display" : "Psychotherapeutic, behavioral and/or communication procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-_LD", "display" : "Interventions on mental functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering psychotherapy, behavioural interventions, and communication procedures across all mental and behavioural domains; the ICHI block \"Interventions on mental functions\" is the closest organisational grouping but is still broader in that it also contains non-psychotherapeutic actions (assessment, training, counselling), and the SNOMED concept also spans communication and behavioural procedures that fall outside this single block." }] }, { "code" : "75516001", "display" : "Psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated psychotherapy action code (PQ) instantiated across many specific targets; AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions without further specification, which is the best single code for the unqualified SNOMED concept \"Psychotherapy\" but is technically wider since ICHI offers many more specific psychotherapy codes by target (e.g. VAA.PQ.ZZ for alcohol use), meaning this code encompasses more than the generic SNOMED term implies when taken as a grouping." }] }, { "code" : "31909006", "display" : "Puborectalis sling operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LC.AA", "display" : "Rectopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A puborectalis sling operation uses the puborectalis muscle to create a sling support for the anorectal junction, functionally serving as a form of rectopexy (fixation/suspension of the rectum to correct prolapse or incontinence). KBW.LC.AA (Rectopexy) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses any method of rectal fixation without specifying the sling technique using the puborectalis muscle." }] }, { "code" : "233538006", "display" : "Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via femoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD.LH.AF is anatomically correct for the access route; however, this ICHI code is broader because it describes device insertion into any lower limb vein (not specifically a pulmonary artery catheter passed through the femoral vein to the pulmonary artery), and the target organ (pulmonary artery) is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "233536005", "display" : "Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via jugular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, making IBD.DL.AF the best anatomical match for the access route; the code is wider because it covers any device insertion into any head/neck vein percutaneously and does not reflect the pulmonary artery as the ultimate target of catheter placement." }] }, { "code" : "233537001", "display" : "Pulmonary artery catheter insertion via subclavian vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian vein is classified as a vein of the thorax in ICHI, making IDB.DL.AF the best anatomical match for the access route; the code is wider because it encompasses any device inserted into any thoracic vein and does not capture the specific purpose of advancing a catheter to the pulmonary artery." }] }, { "code" : "65677008", "display" : "Pulmonary catheterization with Swan-Ganz catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.AB.AF", "display" : "Right heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Swan-Ganz catheter is passed through the right heart into the pulmonary artery for haemodynamic monitoring — this is a specific technique of right heart catheterisation, so the ICHI code captures the correct procedure but is broader in that it does not specify the Swan-Ganz (flow-directed balloon-tipped) catheter or the pulmonary artery destination." }] }, { "code" : "33050008", "display" : "Pulmonary resuscitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pulmonary resuscitation\" refers to the respiratory component of resuscitation (rescue breathing), which is a subset of full cardiopulmonary resuscitation; the only ICHI resuscitation code (HT2.MC.AH) combines cardiac and pulmonary components and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "12282003", "display" : "Pulp vitality test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pulp vitality testing (electric or thermal stimulus to assess whether dental pulp is alive) is a specific diagnostic test performed on teeth, but ICHI has no dedicated code for this test; the closest available code is the general \"Dental examination\" under the teeth block, which is broader than this focused diagnostic procedure." }] }, { "code" : "707286005", "display" : "Pulsed dye laser therapy to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes phototherapy (action SC, means AH = without incision/non-invasive) to skin as a body-region-unspecified NEC code, which captures the light-based therapeutic modality but does not distinguish pulsed dye laser from other phototherapy types (e.g., UV, broadband light). The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the laser type and the skin target without body-region restriction." }] }, { "code" : "1366540006", "display" : "Pulsed radiofrequency to cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) to a cranial nerve is a percutaneous neuromodulatory/destructive procedure; the closest ICHI code is percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve (action GA = destruction, means AE = percutaneous), which correctly captures the target and approach but does not distinguish pulsed from continuous radiofrequency or thermal ablation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1366541005", "display" : "Pulsed radiofrequency to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PRF to a peripheral nerve is a percutaneous procedure acting on the nerve; ICHI ACA.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve) matches the target and approach correctly, but \"destruction\" in ICHI encompasses any modality (including thermal ablation) rather than specifically encoding pulsed radiofrequency, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1366542003", "display" : "Pulsed radiofrequency to spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PRF to a spinal nerve root is a percutaneous destructive/neuromodulatory procedure; ABN.GA.AE captures the correct target (spinal nerve root) and means (percutaneous) under the destruction action axis, but does not encode the specific radiofrequency modality or its pulsed character, making it semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "61327009", "display" : "Puncture and drainage of craniopharyngioma", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A craniopharyngioma is an intracranial lesion, and puncture-and-drainage of it is captured by ICHI as drainage of the intracranial space. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the target lesion type (craniopharyngioma) or the puncture component explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "63419007", "display" : "Puncture of anterior fontanel", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.AH.AE", "display" : "Cranial puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fontanel puncture is a cranial puncture performed percutaneously through the open anterior fontanel in infants; ICHI's cranial puncture is the closest available code but is wider as it does not specify the fontanel as the puncture site." }] }, { "code" : "179906007", "display" : "Puncture of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic \"puncture of joint\" code, but MRJ.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of joint, unspecified site) is the closest structural equivalent — percutaneous drainage covers the needle-entry act of arthrocentesis. The ICHI code is broader in that it specifies drainage as the purpose and is site-unspecified, whereas the SNOMED concept is a generic puncture act that could include injection or aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "439121000124106", "display" : "Pureed diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to pureed or texture-modified diets; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) sits within the \"Interventions on food\" block in the environmental interventions chapter and is the broadest applicable category. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any modification to food, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a pureed texture regimen." }] }, { "code" : "225228006", "display" : "Putting additive into peritoneal dialysis bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE covers the overall peritoneal dialysis procedure, whereas the SNOMED concept describes only the preparatory nursing step of adding medication or fluid to the dialysis bag before the procedure. No ICHI code exists for this specific preparatory act." }] }, { "code" : "225675002", "display" : "Putting on hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fitting or applying a hearing aid; PAB.DP.AH covers installation of any assistive product to the head or neck, which encompasses putting on a hearing aid but is broader in both device type and body region." }] }, { "code" : "5998008", "display" : "Radical dissection of groin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFM.JL.AA", "display" : "Radical excision of inguinal lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFM.JL.AA precisely captures radical excision at the inguinal (groin) lymph node level, the primary surgical target of a radical groin dissection. The SNOMED concept implies a broader en-bloc soft-tissue dissection of the entire groin region (including femoral lymphatics and surrounding tissue), so the SNOMED concept encompasses more tissue than the ICHI code strictly denotes." }] }, { "code" : "172888008", "display" : "Radical frontal sinus antrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Frontal sinusectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAG.JJ.AA (Frontal sinusectomy) covers radical removal of the frontal sinus, which aligns well with a radical frontal sinus antrostomy — both imply extensive surgical obliteration/excision of the frontal sinus. The ICHI code is slightly wider as \"sinusectomy\" broadly covers complete excision but does not specifically encode the antrostomy approach or the radical qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "448197009", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of nerve of sacroiliac joint using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve) is the best available match — it captures the percutaneous route and the nerve destruction action, both of which apply to fluoroscopy-guided RFA of the lateral branch nerves serving the sacroiliac joint. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify radiofrequency as the means, the sacroiliac joint target, or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "709083002", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of soft palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.GA.AC covers destruction of the soft palate by any means; it does not specify radiofrequency as the modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies RF energy delivery." }] }, { "code" : "169167001", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of lymphatic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the lymphatic vessel (a component of the lymphatic system), which matches the modality well; however, \"lymphatic system\" in SNOMED is broader than \"lymphatic vessel\" alone, and ICHI codes for lymph nodes use separate blocks. As the best single aggregating code for lymphatic nuclear imaging it is selected." }] }, { "code" : "53585008", "display" : "Radioisotope study of gastrointestinal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE is explicitly titled \"Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified\" and sits under the digestive system block, covering GI nuclear medicine studies not classified under individual organ codes. The ICHI code is broader in that it is a residual/NEC category encompassing multiple unspecified GI targets." }] }, { "code" : "41842006", "display" : "Radioisotope study of hematopoietic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.BA.BE", "display" : "Bone marrow radionucleide scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hematopoietic system includes bone marrow, spleen, and blood, but ICHI's most specific radionuclide imaging code within the haematopoietic/lymphatic chapter targets bone marrow specifically (DGA.BA.BE); the SNOMED concept is broader, covering the whole system including spleen and blood pool imaging. DGA.BA.BE is the best single ICHI code, though the SNOMED concept encompasses more than bone marrow alone." }] }, { "code" : "68796002", "display" : "Radioisotope study of musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated radionuclide/radioisotope scan code within the musculoskeletal chapter (the imaging block contains only X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes); the closest available radionuclide imaging code is PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan), which is broader than the musculoskeletal-specific SNOMED concept but is the best available match in the absence of a skeletal scintigraphy code." }] }, { "code" : "19086005", "display" : "Radioisotope study of respiratory system", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) is the only radionuclide/scan code in ICHI's respiratory chapter, situated under interventions on lung parenchyma; the SNOMED concept covers the whole respiratory system (including perfusion and ventilation components such as V/Q scanning), while ICHI's code is anchored to the lung parenchyma specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241344001", "display" : "Radiolabeled sulfobromophthalein study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BSP (sulfobromophthalein) test is a hepatic excretory function study in which a labeled compound is administered and hepatic clearance measured — a radioisotope-based liver function assessment; KCA.BA.BE encompasses this category of hepatic radioisotope function studies, though its title also covers liver scintigraphy more broadly, making it slightly wider than this specific dye-clearance test." }] }, { "code" : "432095006", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of hepatobiliary region with gallbladder stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear study of gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCF.BA.BE covers nuclear/radionuclide imaging of the gallbladder, the central organ in a hepatobiliary (HIDA) scan with gallbladder stimulation. The SNOMED concept is more specific — it specifies pharmacological stimulation of the gallbladder (CCK/sincalide) and implies assessment of the broader hepatobiliary region — while ICHI's code does not encode the stimulation component." }] }, { "code" : "764975002", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of hepatobiliary structure using radioisotope labeled cholecystokinin", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear study of gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifies hepatobiliary scintigraphy using radioisotope-labelled cholecystokinin as the imaging agent — a very specific pharmacological variant. KCF.BA.BE (nuclear study of gallbladder) is the closest available ICHI code but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical or the hepatobiliary scope beyond the gallbladder." }] }, { "code" : "431899001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using iobenguane (123-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE covers parathyroid scintigraphy in general and is the best available ICHI code for any radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid gland. The SNOMED concept is more specific in that it names the exact radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane / I-123 MIBG), a detail that ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "431554003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using indium 111 capromab pendetide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Capromab pendetide (ProstaScint) is a radiolabelled antibody imaged with SPECT to stage prostate cancer; ICHI has no prostate-specific nuclear imaging code, so whole-body SPECT (PZA.BA.BF) is the best available code, but it is broader because it does not capture the prostate-targeting specificity of this antibody-based agent." }] }, { "code" : "763845002", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane (123-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "I-123 MIBG scintigraphy primarily images adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tissue (paragangliomas, neuroblastoma); EBC.BA.BE captures the adrenal-gland nuclear study aspect but is broader because it does not specify the iobenguane tracer and MIBG scanning routinely covers extra-adrenal sites beyond the adrenal gland alone." }] }, { "code" : "763846001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane (131-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "I-131 MIBG used for diagnostic imaging maps to the same adrenal gland nuclear imaging code as I-123 MIBG; ICHI does not distinguish between the two isotopes or the diagnostic versus pre-therapeutic imaging context, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431590005", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using ioflupane", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) is an I-123-labelled tracer specifically used with brain SPECT to assess dopamine transporter density for Parkinson's disease diagnosis; AAA.BA.BF captures the modality (SPECT) and anatomical target (brain) accurately, but is broader because it does not encode the specific ioflupane tracer or the dopaminergic system focus." }] }, { "code" : "764834005", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using lilotomab satetraxetan (177-Lu)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lilotomab satetraxetan labelled with Lu-177, when used for imaging, would be performed as a whole-body radionuclide scan; ICHI has no antibody-specific or lymphoma-specific nuclear imaging code, so PZA.BA.BE is the best available code but is substantially broader as it does not reflect the targeted antibody tracer, the specific isotope, or the lymphoma indication." }] }, { "code" : "765016000", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using oleic acid (125-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Iodine-125 labeled oleic acid is used specifically for intestinal fat absorption scintigraphy, a gastrointestinal nuclear imaging study. ICHI captures the gastrointestinal nuclear imaging category but does not differentiate by tracer, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "764674001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled leukocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body technique used for localizing infection and inflammation and is not confined to a single body region. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the best available code but is broader as it does not specify the leukocyte labeling agent or the clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "765015001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled monoclonal antibody", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody imaging (immunoscintigraphy) is performed as a whole-body scan for tumor or antigen localization and is not tied to a single organ target. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the nearest available code, but it does not distinguish the monoclonal antibody means or oncological context." }] }, { "code" : "764277001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using radioisotope labeled somatostatin analog", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Somatostatin analog scintigraphy (e.g., octreoscan) is a whole-body technique for detecting neuroendocrine tumors and is not confined to one body part. ICHI's whole-body radioisotope scan is the best available code but does not capture the specific tracer or neuroendocrine indication." }] }, { "code" : "765458007", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled granulocytes with leukocyte phagocytosis test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for labeled leukocyte/granulocyte scintigraphy or the associated phagocytosis test component; the closest available code is a generic whole-body radioisotope scan, which is much broader and omits the specific tracer (Tc-99m granulocytes), cell labeling technique, and the phagocytosis test element of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "82921007", "display" : "Radionuclide localization of abscess of limited area", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code for radionuclide scanning targeting a limited or focal body area for abscess localization; the generic whole-body radioisotope scan code is the only available nuclear imaging category that can accommodate this procedure, losing both the anatomical specificity (\"limited area\") and the clinical indication (abscess localization)." }] }, { "code" : "45316007", "display" : "Radionuclide localization of tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for nuclear medicine tumor localization as a distinct category; the whole-body radioisotope scan is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not specify the tumor-localization indication and presupposes whole-body coverage, whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific but clinically targeted to neoplasm detection." }] }, { "code" : "241415002", "display" : "Radionuclide metabolic studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide metabolic studies (which encompass a range of radiotracer-based functional assessments beyond PET); while PZA.BA.BG (PET of whole body) covers the most common form, the SNOMED concept explicitly includes non-PET radionuclide metabolic studies, making the broader radioisotope scan code a safer, though still imprecise, wider match." }] }, { "code" : "252680004", "display" : "Radionuclide study for localization of tumor or inflammatory disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radionuclide studies for tumor or inflammatory disease localization are typically whole-body nuclear medicine scans (e.g., bone scan, gallium scan), and ICHI has no dedicated code for this diagnostic purpose. PZA.BA.BE is the best available code but is wider because it does not specify the clinical indication of tumor or inflammatory disease localization." }] }, { "code" : "303879000", "display" : "Radionuclide study of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nuclear imaging code for the abdomen as a target — the abdominal imaging block (PAK) only contains X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes, with no BE (radioisotope) variant. PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan) is the closest available code but is broader in anatomical scope than an abdomen-specific study." }] }, { "code" : "303904005", "display" : "Radionuclide study of respiratory function", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Pulmonary scan\" (JBF.BA.BE) corresponds to radionuclide lung imaging such as a ventilation-perfusion scan, which is the prototypical radionuclide study of respiratory function. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any pulmonary radionuclide scan and does not explicitly specify a functional/physiological study orientation." }] }, { "code" : "69212005", "display" : "Range of motion testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Test of joint mobility\" captures the core clinical act (measuring range of motion at a joint), which is the primary meaning of ROM testing. The ICHI code is slightly wider because joint mobility encompasses concepts beyond pure angular range of motion (e.g. accessory movements), and ROM testing can also be applied to muscles and soft tissue, not only joints." }] }, { "code" : "870574002", "display" : "Rate-adaptive pacing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rate-adaptive pacing refers to programming or activating a rate-response feature in an implanted pacemaker, which falls under management of the pacemaker system; HFC.SN.AA is wider because it covers all aspects of pacemaker system management (interrogation, reprogramming, troubleshooting), not just rate-adaptive mode configuration." }] }, { "code" : "171839006", "display" : "Re-release of carpal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific carpal tunnel release code or a revision/re-operation modifier; \"Release of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.FC.AA) covers the procedure class but is broader than the specific anatomical site (median nerve at carpal tunnel) and does not capture the \"re-release\" (revision) nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171840008", "display" : "Re-release of Guyon's canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for Guyon's canal (ulnar nerve at wrist) release or its revision; \"Release of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.FC.AA) is the closest procedural match but is broader in both anatomical specificity and does not encode the revision/re-release character of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "61194000", "display" : "Reattachment of choroid and retina by coagulation using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of retina\" (BCC.MK.AA) is the closest ICHI code for a retinal reattachment procedure, but it is broader — it does not specify the technique (electrical coagulation/photocoagulation), nor does it capture involvement of the choroid; ICHI has no dedicated retinal reattachment-by-coagulation code." }] }, { "code" : "33397002", "display" : "Reattachment of choroid and retina by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of retina\" (BCC.MK.AA) is the most appropriate ICHI match for chorioretinal reattachment by diathermy, but it is broader — it does not specify the diathermy technique or choroidal involvement; ICHI has no specific code for retinal reattachment by diathermy." }] }, { "code" : "15090003", "display" : "Reattachment of choroid and retina by photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering retinal repair, and it sits within the \"Interventions on retina\" block. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies reattachment of both choroid and retina using the specific means of photocoagulation — neither the dual-structure target (choroid + retina) nor the photocoagulation technique are captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "68999001", "display" : "Reattachment of retina by electrocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the only assignable ICHI code within the retina block that covers a repair/reattachment procedure, and it broadly encompasses the clinical intent. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the technique, and ICHI has no means axis code distinguishing electrocoagulation for retinal procedures." }] }, { "code" : "444118005", "display" : "Recommendation of Rh>o<(D) immune globulin dose", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific clinical recommendation for a single agent (Rh(D) immunoglobulin) and dosing decision, whereas the ICHI code covers advising about medications in general, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "223415003", "display" : "Recommendation regarding activity", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a general clinical recommendation about activity (which may include rest, exercise, or activity restrictions), whereas the ICHI code is specifically framed around advising on physical activity behaviours as a behaviour-change intervention, making it slightly broader in framing but a reasonable approximation." }] }, { "code" : "304981009", "display" : "Recommendation regarding contacting someone", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.PN.ZZ covers advising about interpersonal interactions broadly, which encompasses recommending that a patient contact someone, but the ICHI code is broader as it addresses the full domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships rather than the specific act of initiating contact with a person." }] }, { "code" : "718640005", "display" : "Recommendation regarding personal motor vehicle requirement", "target" : [{ "code" : "UGU.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about motor vehicles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UGU.PN.ZZ directly captures advising in relation to motor vehicles, which aligns well with recommending regarding a personal motor vehicle requirement; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of advice about motor vehicles rather than the specific clinical context of assessing or stipulating a patient's driving requirement." }] }, { "code" : "719079005", "display" : "Recommendation regarding seating requirement", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Seating equipment (chairs, cushions, positioning aids) falls within the ICHI environmental domain of products and technology for personal use in daily living (UAD), and UAD.PN.ZZ represents advising about that product category; however, the ICHI code spans all daily-living products, making it considerably broader than a recommendation specifically about seating." }] }, { "code" : "223423001", "display" : "Recommendation regarding taking a break from taking drug", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications generally, which encompasses recommending a drug holiday or medication break; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish between starting, stopping, pausing, or adjusting medication use." }] }, { "code" : "830152006", "display" : "Recommendation regarding vaccination", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Recommending vaccination is a specific advisory act targeting immunological protection, and DTB.PN.ZZ is the advising code within the immunological system function block that contains the vaccination codes; however, DTB.PN.ZZ encompasses all advising about immunological system functions, not solely vaccination advice, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "223422006", "display" : "Recommendation regarding what to do if drug omitted", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a highly specific recommendation about missed-dose management, while VAD.PN.ZZ covers advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours in general; the ICHI code is the closest available category under the pharmaceutical use behaviours block, but it is broader than the specific missed-dose scenario described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719080008", "display" : "Recommendation regarding wheelchair requirement", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Recommending wheelchair requirement is functionally equivalent to prescribing mobility assistive technology; UAE.TI.ZZ covers prescription of all products and technology for personal mobility including wheelchairs, making it broader than the wheelchair-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "223421004", "display" : "Recommendation regarding when to take drug", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Advising a patient on drug timing falls within the scope of advising about pharmaceutical use behaviours, which is the target axis VAD in ICHI; however, the ICHI code covers all pharmaceutical advising and is much broader than the narrow timing-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "304526006", "display" : "Recommendation relating to behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a generic, unspecified behaviour recommendation that does not map to any single specific behaviour domain in ICHI; VFZ.PN.ZZ is the best residual fit under the health-related behaviours chapter, though it remains broader in scope than the abstract SNOMED category." }] }, { "code" : "419155003", "display" : "Recommendation to change diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Advising about eating behaviours\" is the closest ICHI match for a dietary change recommendation, as ICHI's action PN (advising) applied to eating behaviours captures the advisory/recommendatory nature of the SNOMED concept; however, VEA targets eating behaviours broadly whereas the SNOMED concept is a specific clinician-level recommendation to change diet, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "289182003", "display" : "Recommendation to change vitamin intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of products or substances for personal consumption", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vitamins/supplements fall under UAA (products or substances for personal consumption), and TI (prescription) is the closest action to a formal recommendation to change intake; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all personal-consumption products/substances and does not distinguish a change recommendation from an initial prescription." }] }, { "code" : "46861000087100", "display" : "Recommendation to continue current diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code distinguishing a recommendation to continue (versus change) a diet; VEA.PN.ZZ is the best available match for any clinician dietary advisory act, but it does not capture the \"continue current\" specificity, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "306806004", "display" : "Recommendation to continue with drug treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ directly targets the medicaments domain and uses the advising/recommendation action, closely aligning with a recommendation concerning drug treatment; it is wider because it does not distinguish a continuation recommendation from any other form of medication advice." }] }, { "code" : "782658002", "display" : "Recommendation to measure and record own blood pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in relation to blood pressure functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a recommendation for the patient to self-measure and record blood pressure, which is a self-management/training intervention targeting blood pressure functions; ITA.PH.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader in that it covers any training related to blood pressure functions rather than specifically recommending home self-measurement and recording." }] }, { "code" : "46881000087106", "display" : "Recommendation to participate in cancer screening program", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept encodes a clinical recommendation to engage in cancer screening, which maps closely to VDB.PN.ZZ within the screening behaviours hierarchy; the ICHI code is wider because it covers advising about any screening behaviour, not specifically cancer screening programs." }] }, { "code" : "50621000087108", "display" : "Recommendation to restart drug treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Advising about medications\" is the closest ICHI concept — it covers communicating guidance about medications to a patient or carer; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a clinical recommendation specifically to restart a previously stopped drug treatment." }] }, { "code" : "306807008", "display" : "Recommendation to start drug treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Advising about medications\" is the best available ICHI match for the act of recommending initiation of drug treatment; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any advice about medications and does not capture the specific intent of starting a new treatment." }] }, { "code" : "304539005", "display" : "Recommendation to stop treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Advising about medications\" is the best available ICHI approximation for recommending cessation of treatment; the ICHI code is broader — it covers any medication-related advice and does not capture the specific clinical decision to discontinue treatment, nor does it distinguish medication from other treatment modalities." }] }, { "code" : "699073004", "display" : "Reconstruction of carotid artery with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial\" matches the anatomical site and the reconstruction action precisely; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not specify that a graft is used as the means and encompasses all reconstruction techniques for the extracranial carotid artery." }] }, { "code" : "1287331009", "display" : "Reconstruction of collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint of foot using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligament of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOL.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any ligament of the foot or toe and does not specify the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint, nor does it encode the use of a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172870000", "display" : "Reconstruction of defect of maxilla with skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAF.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the maxilla but does not specify that the procedure uses a skin graft or addresses a defect, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172605007", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external ear in general without specifying the use of a graft, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which mandates a graft-based approach." }] }, { "code" : "1201943009", "display" : "Reconstruction of extremity using flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"reconstruction of extremity using flap\" code; the closest match is MRS.ML.AA (reconstruction of soft tissue, unspecified site), which covers the procedure concept but is broader — it does not specify the extremity location nor the flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "68304009", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA matches the eyelid reconstruction target and action precisely, but the ICHI code does not specify the use of a graft as the operative technique, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly designates a graft-based approach." }] }, { "code" : "709086005", "display" : "Reconstruction of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of the mouth specifically; KAZ.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral cavity as a residual/NEC category, which encompasses the floor of mouth anatomically; the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the floor of the mouth from other oral cavity sub-sites." }] }, { "code" : "233348009", "display" : "Reconstruction of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.ML.AA is the correct block of procedures; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery and groups all abdominal/pelvic artery reconstructions together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234909008", "display" : "Reconstruction of mouth defect using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI maps the intervention to the oral cavity without capturing the graft technique or the \"defect\" framing; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173458002", "display" : "Reconstruction of mouth defect with free bowel flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The free bowel flap technique is a highly specific means that ICHI does not encode; KAZ.ML.AA covers oral cavity reconstruction generally, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231546002", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbital cavity with dermofat graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA directly represents reconstruction of the orbit, aligning well with the SNOMED concept, but the dermofat graft technique is not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "172155003", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbital cavity with skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the orbit broadly, which encompasses the SNOMED concept semantically, but it does not specify that the means is a skin graft. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly names skin graft as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "288014001", "display" : "Reconstruction of sphincter of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the urinary sphincter; the internal urethral sphincter is anatomically located at the bladder neck, making NAK.ML.AA the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses the full bladder neck rather than the sphincter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233347004", "display" : "Reconstruction of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for the superior mesenteric artery; IEA.ML.AA covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries, of which the superior mesenteric artery is one. The ICHI code is broader, grouping all abdominal/pelvic arterial reconstruction together." }] }, { "code" : "173055005", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.ML.AA exactly captures reconstruction of the trachea as the target and action, but the SNOMED concept specifies a graft as the means (tissue transfer/graft technique), which is not encoded in the ICHI means axis (AA = open, unspecified technique). The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "1344618000", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra with tissue graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA matches the target (urethra) and action (reconstruction/ML) precisely, but does not capture the tissue graft as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies graft-based urethroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "1344619008", "display" : "Reconstruction of vagina with tissue graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures vaginal reconstruction in three codes by approach (transabdominal, laparoscopic, other); none specifies the use of a tissue graft as the means, so NMH.ML.AC (the residual/other approach category) is the best available fit but is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it does not encode the tissue-graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "426834000", "display" : "Reconstruction of vagina with urethral dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior vaginal wall reconstruction involving urethral mobilisation/dissection (e.g., anterior colporrhaphy variant) is not separately distinguished in ICHI; NMH.ML.AC is the residual vaginal reconstruction category and is broader in that it does not encode the urethral dissection technique." }] }, { "code" : "1202018003", "display" : "Reconstruction using flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "ML", "display" : "Reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes flap types (local flap XG1UU3, free flap XG1AH4, pedicle flap XG9JE8) only as extension codes appended to body-specific reconstruction targets, so no single standalone code for \"reconstruction using flap\" exists; the bare ML action code captures reconstruction generically but is wider because it does not encode the flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "177535001", "display" : "Reconstruction with mucosal graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "ML", "display" : "Reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for reconstruction using a mucosal graft as the means — mucosal graft specificity is absent even as an extension code — so the bare ML \"Reconstruction\" action code is the only feasible match, but it is broader as it encodes no target or graft-material technique." }] }, { "code" : "63968000", "display" : "Reconstructive orthopedic procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code for \"reconstructive orthopedic procedure\" as a category; the musculoskeletal system block (BlockL3-MAA) is the closest structural anchor, but it encompasses all musculoskeletal interventions far beyond reconstruction alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241431005", "display" : "Red cell mass measurement with Cr51", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for radioisotope dilution-based red cell mass measurement using chromium-51; DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest match as a general measurement of haematological system functions, but it is considerably broader than this specific nuclear medicine technique targeting erythrocyte volume." }] }, { "code" : "241432003", "display" : "Red cell mass measurement with Tc99m", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for radionuclide red cell mass measurement specifically; DTA.AB.ZZ covers measurement of haematological system functions broadly, losing both the erythrocyte-mass specificity and the Tc99m radioisotope modality." }] }, { "code" : "76706001", "display" : "Reduction of closed tarsometatarsal joint dislocation with percutaneous skeletal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.LD.AH captures closed reduction of a foot/toe joint, which covers the tarsometatarsal joint, but the ICHI code does not encode the concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation component present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "122944000", "display" : "Reduction of dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AH matches the concept of reducing a dislocation at an unspecified joint site; the SNOMED concept is slightly broader as it does not specify closed vs open approach, whereas ICHI specifies closed reduction (AH means)." }] }, { "code" : "122859005", "display" : "Reduction of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single generic \"reduction of fracture\" code — reductions are organised by anatomical site and approach (open vs. closed). MRB.LD.AA is the unspecified-site open reduction code; SNOMED 122859005 is a high-level grouper covering all body sites and both approaches, making the ICHI code wider in coverage." }] }, { "code" : "276060002", "display" : "Reduction of fracture of carpal and metacarpal with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carpal and metacarpal bones fall within the ICHI hand/finger bone target (MGB), and open reduction (LD.AA) aligns with reduction of a fracture requiring internal fixation. ICHI has no separate \"with internal fixation\" qualifier at the category level, so MGB.LD.AA is the closest code but is wider because it does not capture the internal fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "449646009", "display" : "Reduction of open fracture of lower limb with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes reduction and internal fixation as separate actions (LD vs DN), so no single ICHI code captures both components; MRB.LD.AA covers the open reduction at an unspecified site but omits the internal fixation and does not specify \"lower limb,\" making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118464008", "display" : "Reduction of open fracture with uncomplicated soft tissue closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no mechanism to encode the soft tissue closure qualifier within a fracture reduction code, so MRB.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site and does not convey the soft tissue closure detail, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "8717008", "display" : "Reduction of open zygomatic arch fracture using a towel clip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAC.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of zygomatic bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAC.LD.AA directly represents open reduction of the zygomatic bone, matching the anatomical site and open (surgical) approach of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument used (towel clip), and the SNOMED concept specifies the zygomatic arch rather than the whole zygomatic bone." }] }, { "code" : "450353006", "display" : "Reduction of prolapse of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LC.AH", "display" : "Manual reduction of rectal prolapse", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.LC.AH maps directly to reduction of rectal prolapse with the same anatomical target and clinical intent. The ICHI code is rated wider because it specifies the means as \"manual,\" whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the technique, encompassing both manual and other methods of reduction." }] }, { "code" : "83656000", "display" : "Reduction of torsion of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"reduction of torsion of small intestine\" code; KBK.LD.AA is the best available fit as it covers intra-abdominal positional manipulation of the small intestine, but it is broader, encompassing manipulations beyond detorsion." }] }, { "code" : "415282007", "display" : "Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Refractive lensectomy with IOL implantation is a two-component procedure (lens extraction + prosthetic lens insertion: BBF.ML.AA), and the refractive intent is also not captured. BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction component and is the closest single ICHI code for the surgical removal of the natural lens, making the ICHI code broader (it omits the IOL implantation step and the refractive indication)." }] }, { "code" : "423040001", "display" : "Rehabilitation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"rehabilitation assessment\" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, interventions on whole person) is the broadest applicable assessment code, but it covers all general health assessments and is not specific to rehabilitation. The only ICHI rehabilitation term (XG4691) is an extension descriptor, not an assignable intervention category." }] }, { "code" : "410081009", "display" : "Rehabilitation therapy assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like rehabilitation assessment, ICHI has no code specifically for rehabilitation-focused assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest assignable category but is considerably broader, covering all-purpose whole-person health assessments rather than assessment in a rehabilitation context." }] }, { "code" : "308805008", "display" : "Reimplantation of cardiac pacemaker electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for reimplanting a pacemaker electrode specifically; HFC.KA.AA (Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system) is the closest available code within the Interventions on conducting system of heart block, but it covers the whole pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than only the electrode, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "704142001", "display" : "Reimplantation of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for inferior mesenteric artery reimplantation. The block BlockL5-IEA (Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery) only has one reimplantation code (IEA.LB.AA), which is specifically for aberrant renal vessel; the closest available code is IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which is broader in both target (any abdominal/pelvic artery) and action (reconstruction rather than specific reimplantation)." }] }, { "code" : "286640000", "display" : "Reimplantation of splenic fragments", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplantation of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reimplantation (autotransplantation) of splenic fragments; DJA.KD.AA (Transplantation of spleen) is the closest concept as it captures the act of moving splenic tissue, but it is broader — it covers full organ transplantation and does not distinguish autotransplantation of fragments from allotransplantation of whole spleen." }] }, { "code" : "737891000", "display" : "Reimplantation of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical mapping rationale to the inferior mesenteric artery concept — ICHI contains no dedicated superior mesenteric artery reimplantation code, so the best available match is the broader IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery), which covers any abdominal/pelvic artery and a wider action category." }] }, { "code" : "1340199001", "display" : "Reimplantation of tooth with insertion of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LD.AC", "display" : "Repositioning of displaced tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for tooth reimplantation with splinting; KAE.LD.AC (Repositioning of displaced tooth) is the closest match as it captures returning a tooth to its correct position, but it does not encode the splinting component and is conceptually slightly different (repositioning vs. reimplanting an avulsed tooth)." }] }, { "code" : "1367851009", "display" : "Reinforcement of intestinal stoma with mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to stoma reinforcement with mesh; the procedure involves repairing the abdominal wall defect around an intestinal stoma using a prosthetic mesh, which most closely maps to reconstruction of the abdominal wall (PAL.ML.AA), but that code is broader and does not capture the stoma-specific or mesh-specific detail." }] }, { "code" : "1367852002", "display" : "Reinforcement of urinary stoma with mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Analogous to the intestinal stoma concept, reinforcement of a urinary stoma with mesh targets the abdominal wall defect around the stoma; ICHI has no specific code for this, and PAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall) is the closest structural match, though it is broader and does not encode the urinary stoma context or the use of mesh." }] }, { "code" : "86106003", "display" : "Reinsertion of ocular implant with attachment of muscles to implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AC", "display" : "Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reinsertion of an ocular implant with muscle attachment is a secondary procedure performed in an anophthalmic socket following enucleation or evisceration, which is precisely the clinical scenario captured by BAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball); however, that code is broader as it encompasses any secondary orbital intervention, not just implant reinsertion with muscle attachment." }] }, { "code" : "178069007", "display" : "Release of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for release of fascia as a distinct tissue type; the closest code covers release of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader because it encompasses all soft tissue types (muscle, fat, connective tissue) beyond fascia alone. Body-site-specific fascia release codes exist in ICHI but the SNOMED concept is generic and unqualified by site." }] }, { "code" : "178256003", "display" : "Release of sternomastoid muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of muscles of neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAM.FC.AA covers release of any neck muscle, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the sternocleidomastoid (sternomastoid) muscle. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify which neck muscle is released." }] }, { "code" : "179836002", "display" : "Release of torticollis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of muscles of neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Torticollis release is a functional/clinical description of releasing the contracted neck muscles (chiefly sternocleidomastoid), which is the procedure captured by MAM.FC.AA; the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the specific deformity indication or the targeted muscle." }] }, { "code" : "239447006", "display" : "Release of volar plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The volar plate is the palmar fibrocartilaginous ligamentous structure of the finger PIP joint, so its surgical release falls within release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any hand/finger ligament or fascia, not specifically the volar plate." }] }, { "code" : "122857007", "display" : "Reline of denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no specific ICHI code for relining a denture. \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" (KAE.SM.AC) is the closest match in the teeth interventions block — a denture is an external dental appliance — but the ICHI code is broader, covering any management of a dental appliance rather than specifically the relining procedure." }] }, { "code" : "707257007", "display" : "Remanipulation of fracture of long bone with flexible internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for remanipulation (revision reduction) nor for flexible versus rigid internal fixation distinction; the closest concept is open reduction of bone (MRB.LD.AA at unspecified site), which is broader — it covers initial open reduction of any bone and does not encode the re-do nature, the long-bone specificity, or the flexible fixation modality." }] }, { "code" : "707258002", "display" : "Remanipulation of fracture of long bone with rigid internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the flexible fixation counterpart, ICHI does not distinguish between flexible and rigid internal fixation, nor does it encode remanipulation versus primary reduction; MRB.LD.AA (open reduction of bone, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code but subsumes both the re-do aspect and the rigid fixation detail." }] }, { "code" : "441925000", "display" : "Remanipulation of fragment of bone and fixation using screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept combines bone fragment remanipulation with screw fixation; the closest ICHI code capturing the fixation/device-implantation component is MRB.DN.AA (implantation of device into bone of unspecified site), but it is broader — it does not encode the re-do/remanipulation context, the fragment-specific nature, or the screw as instrument." }] }, { "code" : "17539005", "display" : "Remobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Mobilisation\" action code (PB) captures the concept of restoring mobility, but the closest assignable code is MBZ.PB.AH which is spine-specific; SNOMED's \"Remobilization\" is a general rehabilitation/physical therapy concept applicable to any body part or joint, making the ICHI code broader in its anatomical specificity but narrower in scope overall — best described as wider." }] }, { "code" : "183120001", "display" : "Removable denture adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of external appliances of the tooth, which encompasses removable denture adjustment as a specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all external tooth appliances, not just removable dentures, and \"management\" is wider than the specific act of adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "183119007", "display" : "Removable denture fitting", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC describes the application (fitting) of a dental device, which includes removable dentures; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all dental devices, not specifically removable dentures, and does not distinguish between removable and fixed prostheses." }] }, { "code" : "178752002", "display" : "Removal correctional spinal instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.JD.AA directly represents the removal of an internal device from the spine, which matches the core procedure of removing corrective spinal instrumentation (e.g., rods, screws, or hooks used in scoliosis correction); the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any internal spinal device or foreign body regardless of the correctional/scoliosis-specific context that SNOMED specifies." }] }, { "code" : "120216002", "display" : "Removal from artery of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no removal/foreign-body code specific to the abdominal or pelvic artery — the IEA block (interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery) contains endarterectomy and endovascular extraction of obstruction but no JD-action code. IZA.JD.AF is the NEC fallback for intravascular removal from any artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "120215003", "display" : "Removal from artery of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IDA block (interventions on artery of thorax) contains no removal-of-device or foreign-body code, and the NEC fallback IZA.JD.AF covers intravascular removal from any unspecified artery. This makes it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the thoracic artery." }] }, { "code" : "118959001", "display" : "Removal from urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAN.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from the urinary system NEC, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of removal from the urinary tract. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it is the NEC residual for the entire urinary system rather than being specific to the urinary tract, but it is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "56784002", "display" : "Removal of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator pads and electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the pads and electrodes (leads), not the generator — making the ICHI code broader in scope. It is nonetheless the closest available ICHI category within the conducting system of heart block." }] }, { "code" : "80317001", "display" : "Removal of Barton's tongs from skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Barton's tongs are a skull traction device, and removal without incision accurately describes the procedure; ICHI even has a paired insertion code (MAA.DL.AA) for skull tongs. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any internal device or foreign body from the skull, not exclusively tong-type traction devices." }] }, { "code" : "120232004", "display" : "Removal of benign tumor from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Local excision of a lesion of bone is the correct ICHI action for removing a benign bone tumor, and the unspecified-site code is the most appropriate since the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular bone. The ICHI code is broader because \"lesion\" encompasses any focal pathology (not just benign tumors), and the site is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "431701003", "display" : "Removal of biliary drain using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A biliary drain is an internal device placed percutaneously in the bile duct, and KCM.JD.AE covers percutaneous removal of such a device from the bile duct. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance specifically, and \"foreign body\" generalises beyond drains alone." }] }, { "code" : "89622002", "display" : "Removal of blood clot from anterior segment of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drainage of the anterior chamber is the ICHI procedure that encompasses removal of a blood clot (hyphema) from the anterior segment, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers drainage of any fluid, not specifically blood clot removal, and \"anterior segment\" includes structures beyond just the anterior chamber." }] }, { "code" : "33422004", "display" : "Removal of blood clot from kidney by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Nephrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nephrotomy (incision of the kidney) is the procedure performed to access and remove a blood clot by incision, matching the approach specified in the SNOMED concept; however, nephrotomy is broader as it encompasses any incision of the kidney for various purposes, not specifically blood clot removal." }] }, { "code" : "88853008", "display" : "Removal of blood clot from ureter by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Ureterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureterotomy (incision of the ureter) is the operative approach required to remove a blood clot from the ureter by incision, matching the procedural method in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader as ureterotomy encompasses any incision of the ureter for any purpose beyond clot removal." }] }, { "code" : "24452007", "display" : "Removal of blood clot from urinary bladder by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.FA.AA", "display" : "Cystotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cystotomy (open incision of the bladder) is the correct procedural approach for removing a blood clot from the bladder by incision, as specified in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because cystotomy covers any open incisional intervention on the bladder, not specifically blood clot removal, and the endoscopic alternative was excluded as it specifies a non-incisional route." }] }, { "code" : "307942000", "display" : "Removal of bone anchored hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) is a titanium implant screwed into the temporal bone (part of the skull), so its removal is a removal of an internal device from the skull. ICHI has no specific code for BAHA removal; the skull device removal code captures the anatomical site and action correctly but is broader than the specific device type." }] }, { "code" : "387719004", "display" : "Removal of bone fragments", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of bone fragments is a site-unspecified procedure; ICHI has no generic \"removal of bone fragments\" code, but debridement of bone (MRB.JG.AA) is the closest functional equivalent as it encompasses removal of loose/necrotic bone tissue or fragments from an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider because debridement includes other tissue removal beyond just fragments." }] }, { "code" : "708893004", "display" : "Removal of bone screw device from femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bone screw is an internal fixation device; its removal from the femur maps directly to the ICHI action JD (removal of internal device or foreign body) applied to the femur target. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses any internal device or foreign body, not just screws." }] }, { "code" : "713087001", "display" : "Removal of bone screw internal fixation device from ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ankle bone screw fixation hardware is most commonly placed in the tibia or fibula (the bones forming the ankle mortise), making MNB.JD.AA the best anatomical fit. The ICHI code is wider because it covers tibia or fibula collectively and includes any device type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a screw fixation device at the ankle specifically." }] }, { "code" : "51821004", "display" : "Removal of bony spicules from spinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bony spicules are bony projections or fragments within the spinal canal that are surgically removed, which maps best to local excision of a lesion of the spinal canal; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any lesion excision, not specifically bony/osseous material." }] }, { "code" : "1255185005", "display" : "Removal of breast filler", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Breast fillers (injectable substances such as polyacrylamide gel or PMMA used for augmentation) are functionally foreign material within the breast, making removal of internal device or foreign body from breast the closest available ICHI category; the ICHI code is broader since it encompasses all foreign bodies and devices, not just injectable filler substances." }] }, { "code" : "6948004", "display" : "Removal of calcareous deposit of tendon of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical removal of a calcareous (calcium) deposit from a hand tendon is performed as a local excision of an abnormal tissue deposit, aligning with local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any lesion rather than specifically to calcific deposits." }] }, { "code" : "300079003", "display" : "Removal of calculus from parotid duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA is the most anatomically specific ICHI code for calculus extraction in the parotid region, but its title references the \"gland\" rather than the \"duct\" specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is confined to the parotid duct. No ICHI code exists that isolates the parotid duct as the target." }] }, { "code" : "300080000", "display" : "Removal of calculus from submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated submandibular gland or duct block; KAM.JE.AA covers all major salivary glands and ducts generically, so the submandibular duct falls within its scope, but the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the submandibular duct." }] }, { "code" : "176194004", "display" : "Removal of calculus of urinary bladder by urethral catheter suction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JE.AA covers the same target organ and action (calculus extraction from bladder), but is broader in that it does not specify the urethral catheter suction approach. The more specific transurethral code NAI.JE.AD implies cystoscopic retrieval rather than catheter suction, so NAI.JE.AA is the closest parent without over-specifying the technique." }] }, { "code" : "31950003", "display" : "Removal of caliper tongs from skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.JD.AH best captures the removal of skull tongs (an external traction device) without incision, which matches the nature of caliper tong removal; however, it is broader as it also encompasses any foreign body or internal device removal from the skull rather than being specific to traction tongs." }] }, { "code" : "38208004", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacemaker and replacement with single-chamber cardiac device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA captures the replacement of the pacemaker system (which inherently involves removal and re-implantation), but is broader because it does not specify the single-chamber constraint; ICHI does not distinguish between single- and dual-chamber device replacement at this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "16781006", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacemaker from epicardium with replacement of atrial and/or ventricular leads", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA captures the open replacement of a pacemaker system, which aligns with the combined removal-and-lead-replacement intent of this SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers replacement generically without specifying the epicardial approach or the atrial/ventricular lead distinction that the SNOMED concept encodes." }] }, { "code" : "233188006", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacing electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cardiac pacing electrode removal is most commonly performed via percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) extraction, making HFC.JD.AF the best fit; however the ICHI code refers to removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than just an electrode/lead, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405437004", "display" : "Removal of catheter from femoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF is the best available ICHI code for catheter removal from a vein; it captures the action (removal of intravascular device) and vessel type (vein) but is broader because it does not specify the femoral vein — ICHI has no dedicated code for the femoral vein at the device-removal level." }] }, { "code" : "405426000", "display" : "Removal of catheter from internal jugular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from vein of head and neck, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBD.JD.AF covers removal of an intravascular device from the extracranial veins of the head and neck, which anatomically includes the internal jugular vein; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it applies to any extracranial head-and-neck vein rather than specifying the internal jugular in particular." }] }, { "code" : "431243009", "display" : "Removal of central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code targets the superior vena cava specifically with a percutaneous transluminal approach, which is anatomically appropriate for a central venous catheter; however, it is broader because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast and \"central venous catheter\" encompasses insertion points beyond the superior vena cava (e.g. femoral routes terminating at the inferior vena cava)." }] }, { "code" : "444986000", "display" : "Removal of cervicoisthmic cerclage by abdominal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code NMF.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the cervix via a transvaginal approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies an abdominal approach to remove a cerclage specifically placed at the cervicoisthmical junction; ICHI is broader in that it does not distinguish cerclage removal from other device removals and does not capture the abdominal route." }] }, { "code" : "719179007", "display" : "Removal of conjunctival concretion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from conjunctiva without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A conjunctival concretion (calcified deposit) is functionally equivalent to a foreign body being extracted from the conjunctiva, and removal is typically done without incision (e.g., with a needle tip or forceps). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically concretions." }] }, { "code" : "417488009", "display" : "Removal of conjunctival sutures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from conjunctiva without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated suture-removal code for the conjunctiva; the closest match is removal of an internal device or foreign body from the conjunctiva without incision, since sutures are implanted material removed non-surgically. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all foreign bodies and devices, not just sutures." }] }, { "code" : "1019009", "display" : "Removal of corneal epithelium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of corneal epithelium (e.g., for photorefractive preparation or recurrent erosion treatment) is a partial excision limited to the epithelial layer of the cornea, which falls within the scope of BBB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial corneal excision, not specifically the epithelium alone." }] }, { "code" : "47338008", "display" : "Removal of coronary artery obstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF directly captures mechanical extraction of an obstruction from a coronary artery via an endovascular approach, which is the predominant technique for this procedure (e.g., thrombectomy, atherectomy). The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies the endovascular means, while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic." }] }, { "code" : "176839005", "display" : "Removal of displaced intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An IUD (intrauterine contraceptive device) sits in the uterus and is removed via the transvaginal route, fitting NME.JD.AC well; however, ICHI does not distinguish a displaced IUD from a normally positioned one, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies displacement." }] }, { "code" : "179006005", "display" : "Removal of drainage system from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A drainage system placed in bone (e.g., for osteomyelitis) is an internal device, and MRB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from bone at an unspecified site; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specifically denote a drainage system and the site is unspecified, whereas SNOMED refers generically to \"bone\" without site specificity either — making this a reasonable but imprecise match." }] }, { "code" : "10455003", "display" : "Removal of ectopic cervical pregnancy by evacuation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers removal of ectopic pregnancy in general without specifying the cervical implantation site or the evacuation technique, making it broader than the more granular SNOMED concept which specifies both location and method." }] }, { "code" : "90423005", "display" : "Removal of electrodes from peripheral nerve with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures percutaneous replacement of a peripheral nerve device, which aligns well with the synchronous removal-and-replacement of electrodes on a peripheral nerve; it is slightly broader because it covers any peripheral nerve device rather than specifying electrodes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "285865009", "display" : "Removal of electrodes of brain with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers replacement of any intracranial device, which semantically encompasses the removal plus synchronous reinsertion of deep brain stimulator electrodes. However, it is broader in that it applies to all intracranial devices, not specifically DBS electrodes." }] }, { "code" : "58211007", "display" : "Removal of electronic heart device battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system as a unit and does not have a component-level code for battery-only removal; the SNOMED concept is more granular, referring specifically to the battery/power source component." }] }, { "code" : "27944006", "display" : "Removal of electronic heart device pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI treats the pacemaker/defibrillator as a whole system and offers no sub-component code for the pulse generator alone; the SNOMED concept specifically targets only the IPG/ICD generator, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "79105008", "display" : "Removal of electronic heart device, myocardial electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HFC conducting-system block has no code specific to epicardial/myocardial lead extraction alone; HFC.JD.AA refers to the full system, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which isolates the myocardial electrode component." }] }, { "code" : "71815002", "display" : "Removal of embolus", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This residual ICHI code captures extraction of an obstruction (which includes an embolus) from an unspecified blood vessel, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED concept; it is slightly broader because \"obstruction\" encompasses thrombus and other material beyond pure emboli." }] }, { "code" : "5726007", "display" : "Removal of epicardial electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to epicardial electrode/lead removal only. No dedicated epicardial-lead-only removal code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "70589002", "display" : "Removal of epicardial electrodes with replacement of epicardial lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined removal-and-replacement procedure specifically for epicardial leads; ICHI's replacement code (KA action axis) captures the replacement intent but encompasses the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than epicardial leads alone, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "413111000", "display" : "Removal of exostosis from tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision of an exostosis (bony outgrowth) from the tibia is a partial ostectomy by nature, and MNB.JJ.AA is the correct anatomical match; however, the code also includes the fibula and does not specify exostosis as the lesion type, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "387710000", "display" : "Removal of extrauterine ectopic fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy regardless of site (tubal, abdominal, ovarian, etc.), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to extrauterine (abdominal) ectopic fetus, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1255574003", "display" : "Removal of fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management (adjustment, repair, or removal) of any external dental appliance and is not limited to fixed orthodontic devices, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically describes removal of a fixed orthodontic appliance (e.g., brackets and wires)." }] }, { "code" : "789477006", "display" : "Removal of fixed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The same KAE.SM.AC code applies here, as a fixed orthodontic retainer (bonded/lingual wire) is an external dental appliance; ICHI does not distinguish retainer removal from other external appliance management, making the ICHI code broader than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "10849003", "display" : "Removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing foreign body removal from any anatomical location, while ICHI organises all codes by specific target sites with no single cross-system catch-all code. MRS.JD.AH (soft tissue, unspecified site) is the most general applicable ICHI residual code, but it is still narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "128396002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from central nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers the entire CNS (brain and spinal cord/canal), while AAA.JD.AA is specific to the brain only; the spinal canal equivalent is a separate ICHI code (ABG.JD.AA). No single ICHI code covers all CNS foreign body removal." }] }, { "code" : "443901003", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue by incision of skin and dissection of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JD.AA matches the target (skin and subcutaneous tissue) and the open incision approach (AA = open), but is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" code that also encompasses internal device removal and does not specify the dissection technique. The SNOMED concept is more specific in its procedural detail." }] }, { "code" : "12467006", "display" : "Removal of gallstones from intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gallstones impacted in the intestine (gallstone ileus) are removed as foreign bodies from the small intestine, making KBK.JD.AA the best structural match; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body and is labelled \"not elsewhere classified,\" and does not specify gallstone as the foreign body type." }] }, { "code" : "231782009", "display" : "Removal of gas/air from vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vitreous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removing gas or air from the vitreous cavity is mechanically a drainage procedure performed on the vitreous body, corresponding to BCD.JB.AA; the ICHI code is broader because \"drainage of vitreous\" encompasses drainage of any vitreous content (fluid, blood, gas) and does not specify gas/air as the substance drained." }] }, { "code" : "312612003", "display" : "Removal of Gentamicin beads from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gentamicin (antibiotic) beads are an internal drug-delivery device implanted in bone; their removal is best captured by MZZ.JD.AA, the musculoskeletal NEC device/foreign body removal code, because ICHI has no bone-specific (non-skull, non-facial) JD category and this NEC code is the closest available; the code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal structure and any device type." }] }, { "code" : "239392000", "display" : "Removal of graft from bone of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies a bone graft as an internal device/foreign body, so MAB.JD.AA is the closest available code for removing an implanted graft from facial bone; however it is broader since it also covers non-graft devices and foreign bodies in any facial bone." }] }, { "code" : "172597003", "display" : "Removal of granulation tissue from external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.JG.AC", "display" : "Debridement of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Debridement of the auricle is the best available match for granulation tissue removal from the external ear; the code is broader because it covers the auricle specifically (not the full external ear including canal) and does not restrict to granulation tissue." }] }, { "code" : "173000007", "display" : "Removal of granulation tissue from larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Granulation tissue removal from the larynx is clinically performed endoscopically and maps to local excision of a laryngeal lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal lesion by any local excision approach, not specifically granulation tissue." }] }, { "code" : "173070006", "display" : "Removal of granulation tissue from tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Granulation tissue forming at a tracheostomy site is a tracheal/peristomal lesion, and local excision of a tracheal lesion is the closest ICHI match; the code is broader since it covers any tracheal lesion excision and does not specifically address the tracheostomy stoma or granulation tissue type." }] }, { "code" : "21010009", "display" : "Removal of granulation tissue of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Debridement of the skull is the closest ICHI code for granulation tissue removal from the skull, as debridement encompasses excision of devitalized/granulation tissue from the bone surface; it is broader because it covers all forms of skull debridement rather than being specific to granulation tissue." }] }, { "code" : "440424001", "display" : "Removal of halo device of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removing an external immobilisation (halo) device from the femur; MLB.JD.AH (without incision) is the closest match because external fixator removal is non-incisional, but the ICHI title refers to \"internal device or foreign body,\" making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an external halo device." }] }, { "code" : "439730007", "display" : "Removal of halo device of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from pelvis without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parallel reasoning to the femur mapping — ICHI lacks a specific code for removal of an external pelvic halo/fixator device, so MKB.JD.AH (without incision, pelvic region) is the best available code, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body removal from the pelvis without incision." }] }, { "code" : "11811008", "display" : "Removal of halo traction device from skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a specific insertion code for skull tongs/halo traction (MAA.DL.AA) and a replacement code (MAA.KB.AH), but no dedicated removal code; MAA.JD.AH (removal without incision from skull) is the closest functional match, though its scope is broader, covering any internal device or foreign body from the skull." }] }, { "code" : "472838002", "display" : "Removal of hormone releasing intrauterine contraceptive device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JD.AC accurately captures the target (uterus), action (removal), and approach (transvaginal), which is the standard route for IUD removal; ICHI does not distinguish between hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept's specification of a hormone-releasing device." }] }, { "code" : "216209009", "display" : "Removal of hydatidiform mole", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suction curettage of the uterus is the standard ICHI code for this procedure — hydatidiform mole removal is typically performed by suction curettage — but the ICHI code applies broadly to any uterine suction curettage, not specifically to molar pregnancy evacuation, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "284101009", "display" : "Removal of implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is the most generic site-agnostic match available in ICHI for the unspecified \"removal of implant\" concept; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses foreign bodies and also covers only soft tissue, while implants can be in bone or other structures." }] }, { "code" : "80398005", "display" : "Removal of implant from deep soft tissues", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Deep soft tissues in surgical terminology primarily refers to fascial and muscular layers; MRM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from muscle, unspecified site) is the closest ICHI code for implants seated in deep soft tissue, though ICHI does not have a code explicitly for \"deep soft tissue\" as a target, making it wider since it specifies muscle but not all deep soft tissue layers." }] }, { "code" : "35835002", "display" : "Removal of implant from superficial soft tissues", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Superficial soft tissue implants are characteristically located in the subcutaneous layer; LZZ.JD.AA (removal of internal device from skin and subcutaneous tissue, NEC) is the best ICHI match for site-unspecified superficial implant removal, though it is wider as it covers any site of the integumentary system and does not restrict to implants specifically." }] }, { "code" : "302614009", "display" : "Removal of implanted antireflux prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The antireflux prosthesis (e.g., LINX magnetic sphincter augmentation device) is implanted at the lower oesophageal sphincter / gastroesophageal junction, and ICHI has no dedicated antireflux device removal code; KBA.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from the oesophagus via open incision, which is the best available anatomical match, though it is broader than the specific implant type." }] }, { "code" : "233187001", "display" : "Removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system or components", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA directly and precisely describes removal of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, matching the core clinical action of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not distinguish between removal of the complete system versus individual components (generator or leads), whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly includes removal of components." }] }, { "code" : "276842003", "display" : "Removal of implanted reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An implanted reservoir (port-a-cath, subcutaneous drug reservoir) is typically housed in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and LZZ.JD.AA is the best available generic code for removal of an internal device from that compartment when a more specific site cannot be assigned. The code is wider because it encompasses all skin/subcutaneous device removals regardless of device type." }] }, { "code" : "179273007", "display" : "Removal of implanted substance from bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device or foreign body from bone without specifying a particular bone site, which aligns well with this SNOMED concept's unspecified-site, device-agnostic scope. It is marginally wider because ICHI's JD action groups \"device or foreign body\" together rather than singling out implanted substances such as bone cement or calcium-based fillers, but the semantic fit is the closest available in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "1348291008", "display" : "Removal of indwelling peritoneal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the peritoneal cavity, which includes a peritoneal catheter but is broader — it encompasses foreign bodies and any internal device type, not specifically an indwelling peritoneal catheter. The SNOMED concept is more specific regarding device type." }] }, { "code" : "36294002", "display" : "Removal of inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, which semantically encompasses removal of an inflatable penile prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any internal device, not specifically an inflatable prosthesis. The inflatable type is internal, making NGM.JD.AA the correct fit over the external prosthesis code." }] }, { "code" : "395224001", "display" : "Removal of internal cardiac defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of pacemaker or defibrillator systems together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the defibrillator component; the ICHI code is therefore broader by including pacemaker removal under the same code." }] }, { "code" : "91024001", "display" : "Removal of internal penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, which semantically encompasses removal of an internal penile prosthesis; however, it is broader because it includes foreign bodies and all device types rather than specifically naming a penile prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "48343003", "display" : "Removal of intracranial neurostimulator receiver", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JD.AA directly captures removal of an internal device from the brain/intracranial space, which is the correct anatomical target and action; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any internal device or foreign body rather than specifying a neurostimulator receiver specifically." }] }, { "code" : "230950007", "display" : "Removal of intracranial pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for removal of an intracranial pressure monitoring catheter; AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain, which encompasses this procedure but is broader in scope (any device type, not specifically a pressure catheter). No intracranial-space-specific removal code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "230949007", "display" : "Removal of intracranial pressure transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the ICP catheter — ICHI does not distinguish between a pressure catheter and a pressure transducer at this level; both are implanted monitoring devices in the intracranial/brain region, and AAA.JD.AA is the closest available code, covering any device removal from the brain." }] }, { "code" : "233437003", "display" : "Removal of intraluminal device from vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF matches well in concept — removing an intravascular device from a vein — but it is coded under \"not elsewhere classified,\" meaning it applies broadly to any unspecified vein; the SNOMED concept also does not specify a vein site, so the match is close but the ICHI code's NEC designation makes it wider in classification scope." }] }, { "code" : "1240451005", "display" : "Removal of intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intrathecal space (subarachnoid space within the dural sac) is anatomically located within the spinal canal, making ABG.JD.AA the appropriate target; however, ICHI does not specify catheter removal specifically — the code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the spinal canal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1263415006", "display" : "Removal of intrauterine contraceptive device from uterine cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JD.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JD.AC aligns very closely — IUD removal is performed transvaginally from the uterus — but ICHI does not specify the device type as contraceptive, nor the location as \"uterine cavity\" specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174439003", "display" : "Removal of lacerated fragment of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical removal of a lacerated (necrotic/devitalised) fragment of the liver is the operative definition of hepatic debridement; KCA.JG.AA is the closest available code, but it is semantically broader because debridement also covers removal of infected or contaminated tissue beyond a simple traumatic fragment." }] }, { "code" : "307293000", "display" : "Removal of lesion from intracranial extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG (intracranial space) encompasses the full intracranial cavity including extradural, subdural, and subarachnoid compartments, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically limited to the extradural (epidural) space; no finer-grained ICHI code exists for the intracranial extradural compartment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "230987004", "display" : "Removal of lesion from spinal extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG (spinal canal) covers the entire spinal canal lumen — extradural, intradural extramedullary, and intramedullary compartments — so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the extradural (epidural) space; this is the best available ICHI code as no spinal-extradural-specific code exists." }] }, { "code" : "230991009", "display" : "Removal of lesion from spinal intradural extramedullary space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.JI.AA is again the best available code, covering the whole spinal canal rather than specifically the intradural extramedullary compartment; ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) was considered but the intradural extramedullary space contains the meninges and subarachnoid contents together, making the spinal-canal code a marginally better fit for a lesion in that space." }] }, { "code" : "234898005", "display" : "Removal of lesion of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of mouth — the closest is the NEC residual code covering the oral cavity broadly, which is anatomically wider than the specific floor-of-mouth site named in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239458002", "display" : "Removal of loose body from within joint cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has joint-specific removal codes (e.g., MMJ.JD.AA for knee) but no single code covering loose body removal from an unspecified joint cavity. MZZ.JD.AA covers removal of foreign body from any musculoskeletal structure NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets joint cavities." }] }, { "code" : "234658005", "display" : "Removal of mandibular exostosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An exostosis (bony overgrowth) of the mandible is a type of lesion, so removal of mandibular exostosis falls within the scope of local excision of a lesion of the mandible. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any lesion of the mandible (tumour, cyst, etc.), not specifically an exostosis." }] }, { "code" : "232180008", "display" : "Removal of mastoid pack", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mastoid pack (surgical gauze/packing placed after mastoid surgery) is a form of temporary internal device, and ICHI codes mastoid interventions under the middle ear block; CBA.JD.AC is the closest applicable code, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the middle ear, not specifically mastoid packing." }] }, { "code" : "234659002", "display" : "Removal of maxillary exostosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A maxillary exostosis is a localised bony overgrowth on the maxilla, which is a form of lesion; local excision of a lesion of the maxilla (MAF.JI.AA) is the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any lesion type on the maxilla, not exclusively exostoses." }] }, { "code" : "234691001", "display" : "Removal of membrane from periodontal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Periodontal tissue and gingiva (gum) are closely related structures, and removal of a membrane from periodontal tissue is a form of local tissue excision in that region; KAG.JI.AC is the nearest ICHI code but is broader as it covers any lesion or tissue excision of the gum rather than specifically membrane removal from periodontal tissue." }] }, { "code" : "52808008", "display" : "Removal of neuropacemaker of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies that the device being removed is a neuropacemaker. The target (brain) and action (removal of internal device) are otherwise well matched." }] }, { "code" : "171496007", "display" : "Removal of neurostimulator electrode from brain tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device from the brain, which encompasses the neurostimulator electrode but without device-type specificity. The target and action axes align well, with ICHI simply being broader in device scope." }] }, { "code" : "230966009", "display" : "Removal of neurostimulator from cranial nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A neurostimulator is an internal device, and the cranial nerve ganglion is anatomically part of the cranial nerve complex, making this a reasonable target match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from any part of the cranial nerve, not specifically a neurostimulator from a ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "443613005", "display" : "Removal of night mouth guard", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A night mouth guard (occlusal splint) is a dental device removed from the oral/dental region, which aligns with the target and action of removal of dental device. The ICHI code is wider as it covers removal of any dental device or foreign body, not exclusively a night guard." }] }, { "code" : "20590009", "display" : "Removal of non-inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A non-inflatable (malleable) penile prosthesis is a surgically implanted internal device, making NGM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from penis, open approach) the correct match over the external prosthesis removal code. The ICHI code is wider because it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the penis, not specifically a non-inflatable prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "428589002", "display" : "Removal of obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of left ventricular outflow tract tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.JI.AA describes local excision of tissue in the left ventricular outflow tract, which is the standard surgical technique (e.g., myectomy or resection of obstructing tissue such as in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) used to remove an obstruction at this site. The ICHI code is slightly broader — it covers any local tissue excision in that location, not exclusively obstruction removal — but it is the closest and most clinically appropriate code available." }] }, { "code" : "429312007", "display" : "Removal of obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of right ventricular outflow tract tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBB.JI.AA is the right-ventricle counterpart and represents local surgical excision of tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract (e.g., infundibular resection for pulmonary stenosis). As with the left-sided code, it is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any local tissue excision at that site, not only obstruction removal." }] }, { "code" : "172184007", "display" : "Removal of orbital floor implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of orbital implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.JD.AC covers removal of an orbital implant at the level of the orbit as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies that the implant is located in the orbital floor (a sub-anatomical site used in blowout fracture repair). The ICHI code is therefore broader, but it is the most precise available code within the orbit interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "387740003", "display" : "Removal of ovarian cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ovarian cystectomy (removal of an ovarian cyst) is the prototypical procedure captured by NMA.JI.AA, which covers local excision of any lesion of the ovary and is the standard ICHI code for cyst removal without oophorectomy. The ICHI code is slightly broader because \"lesion\" encompasses entities beyond cysts (e.g., benign tumours, endometriomas), but it is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "39668000", "display" : "Removal of pancreatic drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the pancreas, which encompasses a pancreatic drain but is not restricted to drains specifically. The approach (open, laparoscopic, endoscopic) is also unspecified in the base code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "240328004", "display" : "Removal of pancreatic tissue from donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Procurement of pancreas\" is the standard ICHI term for harvesting the whole pancreas from a donor, which semantically matches the donor tissue removal intent; however, the SNOMED concept specifies tissue (possibly partial) rather than the whole organ, and the ICHI code is broader as it does not restrict to partial tissue." }] }, { "code" : "231784005", "display" : "Removal of perfluorocarbon liquid from vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vitreous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removing a perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade agent from the vitreous cavity is functionally performed as a drainage/aspiration procedure, and \"Drainage of vitreous\" is the closest ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any drainage of vitreous material, not specifically perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade removal." }] }, { "code" : "424606007", "display" : "Removal of peripherally inserted central catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A PICC line is an intravascular device sited in a vein, and its removal corresponds directly to the action captured by IZD.JD.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any intravascular device removed from any vein NEC, not specifically a peripherally inserted central catheter." }] }, { "code" : "10848006", "display" : "Removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses a peritoneal dialysis catheter, but it is broader as it does not specify dialysis catheters specifically. The SNOMED concept is more precise in naming the dialysis catheter as the device being removed." }] }, { "code" : "13176000", "display" : "Removal of peritoneal drainage device", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A peritoneal drainage device is an internal device within the peritoneal cavity, so removal aligns with this ICHI code, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device or foreign body rather than being specific to drainage devices." }] }, { "code" : "1280015009", "display" : "Removal of piercing from external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A piercing (jewellery/foreign object) in the external ear is clinically classified as a foreign body; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any foreign body from the external ear and does not specifically reference piercings." }] }, { "code" : "1230282005", "display" : "Removal of piercing of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tongue piercing is a foreign body embedded in the tongue tissue; this ICHI code captures that concept but is broader, applying to any foreign body removed from the tongue rather than specifically to piercings." }] }, { "code" : "180291001", "display" : "Removal of plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SO.AH", "display" : "Removal of assistive product from body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"removal of cast\" code; PZX.SO.AH is the closest match, covering the concept but broader because it encompasses removal of any assistive product from any site, not specifically a plaster cast." }] }, { "code" : "40576004", "display" : "Removal of pleurothecal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pleurothecal shunt connects the thecal (spinal canal) space to the pleural cavity; ICHI has no code for pleurothecal shunt removal specifically, but ABG.JD.AA captures the spinal/thecal component of the procedure, making it the best available match even though it is broader and does not specify the pleural end of the shunt." }] }, { "code" : "238335008", "display" : "Removal of plomb with decortication", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This procedure adds pleural decortication (stripping of the fibrous pleural peel) to the removal of the plomb, making it a more complex compound procedure than what JCA.JD.AA captures alone; ICHI has no combined code for this." }] }, { "code" : "235244006", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis from stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the stomach, which encompasses a gastric prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader because it also includes foreign bodies and non-prosthetic devices, not just prostheses." }] }, { "code" : "8842008", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of joint structure of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.JD.AA is the best available code for removing a device from the spinal column, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it applies to all internal devices and foreign bodies from the spine, not specifically a joint prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "422940006", "display" : "Removal of pulmonary artery catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ICHI code exists for the pulmonary artery specifically for device removal, so the best match is the residual NEC arterial device removal code, which is broader as it covers all arteries and all intravascular devices, not just pulmonary artery catheters." }] }, { "code" : "1263965005", "display" : "Removal of residual dental adhesive from tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JG.AC", "display" : "Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JG.AC is the closest ICHI concept, as removal of residual adhesive from a tooth surface is a debridement/cleaning procedure; however the code also encompasses scaling and polishing and is not specific to adhesive removal." }] }, { "code" : "1263966006", "display" : "Removal of residual dental cement from tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Residual dental cement is a foreign/introduced material on a tooth, fitting the \"foreign body\" concept in KAE.JD.AC. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any dental internal device or foreign body, not specifically residual cement." }] }, { "code" : "26340002", "display" : "Removal of rice bodies from tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rice bodies are fibrinous loose bodies forming lesions within the tendon sheath, so local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath is the best anatomical and procedural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any lesion excision in that sheath." }] }, { "code" : "426509009", "display" : "Removal of ring from digit of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ring on a digit of the hand is an external foreign body on upper limb skin/soft tissue, and removal is typically performed without incision. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any foreign body removal from upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "21805006", "display" : "Removal of salpingothecal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A salpingothecal shunt is a device implanted into the fallopian tube (salpinx) for CSF diversion, so its removal targets the fallopian tube as the primary site. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any internal device removal from the fallopian tube and does not capture the thecal end of the shunt." }] }, { "code" : "239399009", "display" : "Removal of sequestra from mandibular tooth socket", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sequestra are necrotic bone fragments behaving as foreign bodies within the mandibular bone/tooth socket, making MAG.JD.AA the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any foreign body or internal device removal from the mandible." }] }, { "code" : "230879004", "display" : "Removal of shunt tubing from ventricle of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the brain ventricles, which encompasses shunt tubing removal, but is broader because it does not specify shunt tubing as the device being removed." }] }, { "code" : "231783004", "display" : "Removal of silicone oil from vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vitreous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of silicone oil from the vitreous is performed by aspiration or drainage of the vitreous cavity; BCD.JB.AA captures the target and the action, but is broader because it does not specify the substance drained as silicone oil." }] }, { "code" : "363285009", "display" : "Removal of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level, anatomically unspecified removal of soft tissue; MRS.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader as it implies a discrete lesion rather than generic tissue removal." }] }, { "code" : "44503004", "display" : "Removal of spinal neurostimulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.JD.AA is the only ICHI code representing removal of an implanted device from the spinal canal, which captures the operative intent of explanting a neurostimulator; however, it is broader because it applies to any internal device or foreign body in the spinal canal." }] }, { "code" : "84949001", "display" : "Removal of spinal thecal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinal canal encompasses the thecal (subarachnoid) space where a thecal shunt is placed, making this the correct anatomical target. ICHI is wider because the code covers any device removal from the spinal canal, not specifically a thecal shunt." }] }, { "code" : "443433000", "display" : "Removal of sports mouth guard", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sports mouth guard is an external oral appliance worn over the teeth; this ICHI code covers management (including removal/adjustment) of external tooth appliances. ICHI is wider because it encompasses all external dental appliance management rather than specifically removing a mouth guard." }] }, { "code" : "303244009", "display" : "Removal of substance from skin or subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This NEC code covers the full integumentary system without body-region specificity, aligning with the site-unspecified SNOMED concept. ICHI is wider because it frames the action as removing a device or foreign body, while the SNOMED concept also includes chemical or biological substances." }] }, { "code" : "444216001", "display" : "Removal of superficial foreign body by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from soft tissue via open approach, which aligns with the incision-based removal. However, it is broader in that it also encompasses internal device removal and does not restrict to \"superficial\" foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "315603008", "display" : "Removal of surgical material and sutures", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for body-site-unspecified suture or surgical material removal; LZZ.JD.AA is the closest match, covering removal of internal devices or foreign bodies (which includes sutures and surgical material) from the skin/subcutaneous layer, but it implies a specific anatomical target." }] }, { "code" : "373670005", "display" : "Removal of thyroid adenoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.JI.AA covers local excision of any discrete thyroid lesion, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the lesion type as an adenoma (benign glandular tumour); the procedure performed is otherwise equivalent in scope and approach." }] }, { "code" : "306911001", "display" : "Removal of tooth splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of dental internal device or foreign body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JD.AC covers removal of any dental internal device or foreign body, which encompasses a tooth splint but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of splint removal alone." }] }, { "code" : "426868006", "display" : "Removal of transobturator tape", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A transobturator tape (TOT) is a synthetic mid-urethral sling inserted for stress urinary incontinence; its removal involves the vaginal approach and the tape constitutes an implanted device. NMH.JD.AC is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any vaginal foreign body/device removal rather than specifically the suburethral mesh/tape." }] }, { "code" : "45693007", "display" : "Removal of tumor of temporal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The temporal bone is a specific cranial bone, but ICHI has no dedicated temporal bone target for tumor excision — the closest assignable code covers local excision of a lesion of the skull broadly. MAA.JI.AA is wider because it encompasses any skull bone rather than specifically the temporal bone." }] }, { "code" : "450330005", "display" : "Removal of tunneled central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to tunneled CVCs (Hickman, Broviac, Port-a-Cath); the best fit is the residual \"vein NEC\" device-removal code IZD.JD.AF, which is broader since it applies to any vein and any intravascular device rather than a tunneled central venous catheter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "287727009", "display" : "Removal of urinary drainage device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a single code for removing a urinary drainage device generically (which can be in kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra); NAN.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the urinary system NEC and is the broadest matching residual, but it is wider as it applies to the whole urinary system without specifying the drainage device type." }] }, { "code" : "286738000", "display" : "Removal of urinary system catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for removing a urinary catheter generically across all possible anatomical sites; NAN.JD.AC is the appropriate urinary-system-level residual, though it is broader as it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically catheters." }] }, { "code" : "448362001", "display" : "Removal of vascular graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for vascular graft removal; IZE.JD.AF covers removal of an internal device from a blood vessel (NEC), which is the closest structural match but is broader, encompassing any intravascular device rather than a graft specifically. This is preferred over the artery-only or vein-only codes because a vascular graft can span both artery and vein and the NEC vessel code is more inclusive." }] }, { "code" : "4037006", "display" : "Removal of vascular graft or prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept covers both graft and prosthesis removal, and IZE.JD.AF is the best available ICHI fit as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from a blood vessel NEC. ICHI does not distinguish graft versus prosthesis removal as separate codes, so a wider match applies." }] }, { "code" : "423570000", "display" : "Removal of vascular sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vascular (introducer) sheath is an intravascular device temporarily placed in a vessel; ICHI has no dedicated sheath-removal code, but IZE.JD.AF — removal of an intravascular device from a blood vessel NEC — covers the act semantically, albeit more broadly than the specific sheath concept." }] }, { "code" : "426410001", "display" : "Removal of ventricular assist device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of biventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI offers three laterality-specific VAD removal codes (left, right, biventricular); the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to which ventricle, so HBZ.JD.AA (biventricular) is the closest non-lateralised assignable code, though it still implies a biventricular device rather than simply \"unspecified\"." }] }, { "code" : "304834009", "display" : "Removal of ventriculoatrial shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ventriculoatrial shunt removal; AAE.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device from the brain ventricles, capturing the ventricular (proximal) end of the procedure. The atrial end is not represented, making this a wider match, but it is the most clinically specific ICHI code available for this neurosurgical intervention." }] }, { "code" : "230878007", "display" : "Removal of ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the brain ventricles, which encompasses the ventricular end of a VP shunt, but the ICHI code does not capture the peritoneal (distal) component or the shunt-specific nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "304837002", "display" : "Removal of ventriculopleural shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with VP shunt removal, AAE.JD.AA is the closest available code, capturing the ventricular device removal component. However, it does not distinguish ventriculopleural from ventriculoperitoneal or other shunt types, nor encode the pleural distal terminus." }] }, { "code" : "287367008", "display" : "Removal of vessel clot", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.JE.AA represents extraction of an obstruction (which includes a clot/thrombus) from a blood vessel NEC, closely matching the generic concept of removing a clot from a vessel. It is wider because it covers any vascular obstruction extraction regardless of vessel type and does not specify clot as the specific obstructive material." }] }, { "code" : "34481004", "display" : "Removal of Vinke tongs from skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vinke tongs are a type of skull traction device applied externally to the skull, and their removal is a non-incisional procedure; MAA.JD.AH (removal without incision) is the best fit among the skull device removal codes. It is wider because it encompasses any device or foreign body removed from the skull without incision, not specifically skull traction tongs." }] }, { "code" : "417297006", "display" : "Removal of viscoelastic from anterior chamber", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Viscoelastic (OVD) placed in the anterior chamber during ophthalmic surgery is functionally treated as a foreign substance to be removed, and BBE.JD.AA is the only ICHI code for removal of material from the anterior chamber of the eye. It is wider because it covers any device or foreign body from that anatomical site, not specifically viscoelastic/OVD removal." }] }, { "code" : "307660002", "display" : "Remove blade jaw implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the mandible, which captures the core procedure (removing a mandibular blade-vent/endosseous implant), but is broader because it does not distinguish implant type (blade vs. other) or specify that the device was a dental/jaw implant specifically." }] }, { "code" : "234668000", "display" : "Remove jaw implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.JD.AA is the best available match for removal of a jaw implant from the mandible; it is wider because it encompasses any internal device or foreign body removal from the mandible and does not specify implant type, and it assumes mandible specifically — a maxillary implant would map to MAF.JD.AA." }] }, { "code" : "408980000", "display" : "Renal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI assignable code corresponds to \"renal care\" as a general nephrology management concept; searches for \"renal care\", \"nephrology\", \"kidney care\", and \"care management\" all returned no results. The organisational block BlockL5-NAA (Interventions on kidney) is the broadest relevant grouping, but it is not an assignable category code and is considerably wider than a managed-care concept." }] }, { "code" : "241248000", "display" : "Renal venous sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for selective renal vein blood sampling (e.g., for renin or aldosterone); searches for \"venous sampling\", \"renal vein sampling\", \"aldosterone\", \"renin\", and \"selective catheterization\" confirmed this. DIA.AH.XA (Specimen collection of blood) is the closest assignable category — it covers the act of collecting a blood specimen but is broader, lacking the selective renal-vein catheterisation specificity." }] }, { "code" : "238293002", "display" : "Renewal of abdominal pack", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An abdominal pack is a temporary haemostatic gauze/sponge placed in the peritoneal cavity during damage-control surgery; its renewal aligns best with replacement of an internal device of the peritoneal cavity. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device in the peritoneal cavity, not specifically a surgical haemostatic pack." }] }, { "code" : "230875005", "display" : "Renewal of distal catheter of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The distal (peritoneal) catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is one component of the ventricular shunt system; replacement of that component maps to replacement of a ventricular device, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device rather than specifically the distal catheter." }] }, { "code" : "230947009", "display" : "Renewal of intracranial pressure catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ICP catheter (e.g., intraparenchymal fibre-optic probe or ventriculostomy catheter used for pressure monitoring) is an intracranial device; its renewal maps to replacement of intracranial device, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers any intracranial device replacement and does not specify a pressure-monitoring catheter." }] }, { "code" : "230944002", "display" : "Renewal of intracranial pressure transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ICP transducer (subdural or epidural sensor used to measure intracranial pressure) is an intracranial monitoring device; its renewal maps to replacement of intracranial device, which is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not distinguish a pressure transducer from other intracranial devices." }] }, { "code" : "230874009", "display" : "Renewal of proximal catheter of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ventricular device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying replacement of only the proximal catheter component of a ventricular shunt; ICHI does not have a code specific to the proximal catheter portion alone." }] }, { "code" : "177956008", "display" : "Reopening of abdomen and re-exploration of intra-abdominal operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.FA.AA", "display" : "Reopening of recent laparotomy site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.FA.AA captures the reopening of the laparotomy site but does not encode the additional components of re-exploration of the intra-abdominal operation field and surgical haemostasis; ICHI has no single code combining all three elements, so the closest code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177768005", "display" : "Reopening of chest and re-exploration of intra-abdominal operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.FA.AA", "display" : "Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This unusual SNOMED concept describes reopening the chest to access and re-explore an intra-abdominal site (likely a combined thoracoabdominal incision) with haemostasis; ICHI has no dedicated code for this multi-cavity reopening procedure, and the thoracotomy NEC code captures only the chest-entry component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178376007", "display" : "Reopening of cranium and re-exploration of intracranial operation site and surgical arrest of postoperative bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy) covers the surgical opening of the skull, which is the core procedural component of this concept, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific intent of re-exploration, re-entry after a prior operation, or surgical haemostasis of postoperative bleeding." }] }, { "code" : "225119004", "display" : "Repadding wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repadding a wound is a specific form of wound dressing renewal; LZZ.DK.AH is the closest ICHI match, covering the application of any wound dressing to skin, but it is broader because it encompasses all dressing applications, not specifically replacement of padding material." }] }, { "code" : "235381007", "display" : "Repair of anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest available ICHI code, covering surgical repair within the anus and anal canal block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets specifically the anal sphincter muscle." }] }, { "code" : "75087007", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific aneurysm repair codes only for left and right ventricular aneurysm; the SNOMED concept covers aneurysm repair at any vascular site, so IZE.MK.AA (Repair of blood vessel, NEC) is the most appropriate generic match, though broader, encompassing all blood vessel repairs." }] }, { "code" : "14653008", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm with graft of mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction (including graft repair) of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which encompasses the mesenteric artery; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to the entire abdominal/pelvic arterial territory and does not distinguish the graft type used." }] }, { "code" : "236936007", "display" : "Repair of broad ligament tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The broad ligament is a peritoneal fold intimately associated with the uterus, and ICHI has no dedicated broad ligament repair code; NME.ML.AA explicitly includes repair of uterine surrounding structures and is the closest anatomical fit, though broader in scope than a targeted ligament tear repair." }] }, { "code" : "47266003", "display" : "Repair of broken complete denture base", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for repairing a denture base; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest available code covering maintenance/management of dental prosthetic appliances, but it is broader than the specific act of repairing a broken complete denture base." }] }, { "code" : "172206004", "display" : "Repair of canthus with mucosal graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for canthus repair or for repair with a mucosal graft; \"Repair of eyelid\" is the closest anatomical match since the canthus is the corner of the eyelid, but the code is broader and does not capture the graft-based technique or canthus-specific site." }] }, { "code" : "441657002", "display" : "Repair of capsule and anterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of shoulder joint\" covers the general concept of shoulder joint repair (including capsule and labrum stabilization procedures such as a Bankart repair), but is broader as it does not specify the anterior labrum target, the capsulolabral approach, or the stabilization intent." }] }, { "code" : "441606001", "display" : "Repair of capsule and posterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of shoulder joint\" is the best available ICHI code for posterior capsulolabral stabilization (reverse Bankart type repair), but it does not distinguish anterior from posterior labrum or capture the stabilization-specific intent." }] }, { "code" : "58632007", "display" : "Repair of cardiac pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for repairing a pulse generator; \"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" is the closest match covering post-implant interventions on the pacing system, but it subsumes activities beyond repair (e.g., reprogramming, checks)." }] }, { "code" : "439936006", "display" : "Repair of chest wall herniation of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAF.MK.AA covers repair of the chest wall in general and is the most specific available ICHI code, but it does not capture the lung herniation component of the procedure; a more precise code targeting lung herniation through the chest wall does not exist in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "234892006", "display" : "Repair of cleft of soft palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA directly maps to repair of the soft palate, which is the correct anatomical target and surgical action; however, it is broader because it does not specify that the repair addresses a congenital cleft specifically." }] }, { "code" : "330857008", "display" : "Repair of common bile duct laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.MK.AA covers repair of bile duct (which includes the common bile duct as the principal bile duct structure) and matches the surgical action precisely; it is wider because it does not specify that the indication is a laceration, nor does it distinguish the common bile duct from other bile duct segments." }] }, { "code" : "237027001", "display" : "Repair of complete perineal tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum broadly, which encompasses a complete perineal tear repair, but does not distinguish between the degree (complete/partial) of the tear; the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying a complete (4th-degree) tear." }] }, { "code" : "53612009", "display" : "Repair of corneal laceration with conjunctival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.MK.AA captures the core procedure of repairing the cornea, but does not encode the specific technique of using a conjunctival flap to effect the repair, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "9724000", "display" : "Repair of current obstetric laceration of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.MK.AA denotes repair of the uterus in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies an obstetric context (intrapartum/current delivery) and a laceration as the specific pathology being repaired; the ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the obstetric or laceration specificity." }] }, { "code" : "231070009", "display" : "Repair of digital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Digital nerves are a specific subset of peripheral nerves (the proper palmar digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves), so the ICHI code covers the correct action (repair) on the correct anatomical category but is broader — it does not distinguish digital nerves from any other peripheral nerve." }] }, { "code" : "761824002", "display" : "Repair of ectropion of eyelid with tissue graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to ectropion correction; the closest match is BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid), which captures the reconstructive/grafting nature of the procedure, but is broader in that it does not specify ectropion as the indication or a tissue graft as the means." }] }, { "code" : "44148007", "display" : "Repair of enterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI treats the enterostomy as an artificial body structure (PTB block) and has no dedicated \"repair of enterostomy\" code; PTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy) is the closest functional match, covering procedural interventions on an existing stoma, though broader." }] }, { "code" : "758670001", "display" : "Repair of entropion with tissue graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to entropion correction; BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid) best reflects the grafting and reconstructive component of the procedure, though it is broader in that it does not capture the specific indication (entropion) or the graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "240528003", "display" : "Repair of eyelid laceration, full-thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid) is a direct terminological match for repair of an eyelid laceration; it is wider because it does not specify the laceration as the indication or capture the full-thickness extent of the injury." }] }, { "code" : "232841002", "display" : "Repair of implanted aortic paravalvular leak", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of aortic valve\" covers all aortic valve repair procedures and does not distinguish between native valve repair and repair of a paravalvular leak around an implanted prosthesis; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "232776009", "display" : "Repair of implanted mitral paravalvular leak", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus\" is the closest available code but encompasses all mitral valve repairs including native valve procedures; it does not specifically capture repair of a paravalvular leak around an implanted prosthetic mitral valve." }] }, { "code" : "232877009", "display" : "Repair of implanted pulmonary paravalvular leak", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pulmonary valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of pulmonary valve\" is the closest available code but covers all pulmonary valve repair procedures without distinguishing native from prosthetic valve contexts or the specific scenario of paravalvular leak." }] }, { "code" : "232814007", "display" : "Repair of implanted tricuspid paravalvular leak", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDH.MK.AA covers all forms of tricuspid valve repair, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes repair of a paravalvular (periprosthetic) leak around an already-implanted prosthetic tricuspid valve — a narrower clinical scenario not distinguished in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "232954008", "display" : "Repair of implanted truncal paravalvular leak", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDI.MK.AA is the only truncal valve repair code in ICHI and encompasses all truncal valve repairs; the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to closing a paravalvular leak around a prosthetic truncal valve implant." }] }, { "code" : "127598004", "display" : "Repair of joint capsule of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.MK.AA covers repair of the knee joint broadly; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting the joint capsule (capsulorrhaphy) rather than the joint as a whole, but no capsule-specific ICHI code exists within the knee joint block." }] }, { "code" : "72491000", "display" : "Repair of laceration of cornea with application of tissue glue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.MK.AA captures corneal repair in general but does not encode the specific cause (laceration) or the technique (tissue glue application); the SNOMED concept is more precise in both the injury type and the repair method used." }] }, { "code" : "14764004", "display" : "Repair of laceration of male perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of perineum\" covers all perineal repairs regardless of sex or wound type, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a laceration repair in a male patient." }] }, { "code" : "237029003", "display" : "Repair of laceration of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of vulva\" encompasses all types of vulvar repair, not specifically laceration repair, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to laceration as the wound type." }] }, { "code" : "1332407006", "display" : "Repair of ligament with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a body-site-agnostic \"ligament reconstruction\" code; ligament is a sub-type of soft tissue, and MRS.ML.AA is the most appropriate non-site-specific reconstruction code available. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all soft tissue (not just ligament)." }] }, { "code" : "699119008", "display" : "Repair of medial ligament of talocrural joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's lower leg ligament block (MNL) contains only incision and division codes with no repair option; the medial (deltoid) ligament of the talocrural joint attaches to tarsal bones, so MOL.MK.AA (foot/toe ligament repair) is the closest anatomical match but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1204284001", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.MK.AA is a direct semantic match for mitral valve repair; the robotic assistance modifier is expressible separately as ICHI extension code XG5Z48, so without the extension the base code alone is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies robotic technique." }] }, { "code" : "75960006", "display" : "Repair of muscle with graft of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a generic \"repair of muscle\" code but no specific code capturing the tendon graft technique, so MRM.MK.AA covers the target (muscle) and action (repair) but is broader, omitting both the graft nature and the tendon-as-graft-material specificity." }] }, { "code" : "35552007", "display" : "Repair of nonperforating laceration of cornea with removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.MK.AA captures the core intervention (repair of cornea) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which additionally specifies the non-perforating nature of the laceration and the concurrent removal of a foreign body; ICHI encodes the latter as a separate code (BBB.JD.AA)." }] }, { "code" : "31939001", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.MK.AC", "display" : "Other repair of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.MK.AC is the non-laparoscopic, non-fistula cervix repair code and is the best available match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the obstetric context or the specific mechanism (laceration)." }] }, { "code" : "48775002", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of pelvic floor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pelvic floor and perineum are anatomically related and obstetric pelvic floor lacerations are repaired at the perineum, making PAW.MK.AA the best available match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all perineal repairs without specifying the pelvic floor musculature or the obstetric context." }] }, { "code" : "55669006", "display" : "Repair of obstetrical laceration of perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum in general, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes repair of an obstetrical (childbirth) laceration; the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the obstetric context or the mechanism of injury." }] }, { "code" : "425846009", "display" : "Repair of orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management (adjustment, repair, modification) of an external dental appliance such as an orthodontic brace; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because \"management\" encompasses more than just repair, and does not specify that the appliance is orthodontic." }] }, { "code" : "86885004", "display" : "Repair of pacemaker electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for repair of pacemaker leads/electrodes in isolation; HFC.SN.AA covers management of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system and is broader because it encompasses the entire system (not just the electrodes) and covers all types of management." }] }, { "code" : "38315009", "display" : "Repair of pacemaker with replacement of pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept of replacing the pulse generator component; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it refers to the system as a whole rather than specifically the pulse generator." }] }, { "code" : "112962008", "display" : "Repair of perforating laceration of cornea not involving uveal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.MK.AA covers all corneal repair procedures but does not specify the type of wound (perforating laceration) or the qualifier that uveal tissue is not involved; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which describes a specific wound type and depth of injury." }] }, { "code" : "440534008", "display" : "Repair of pseudoaneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for pseudoaneurysm repair; IZE.MK.AA is the broadest available repair code for blood vessels with NEC scope, and is wider than the SNOMED concept since it covers any blood vessel repair rather than pseudoaneurysm-specific repair." }] }, { "code" : "1287893003", "display" : "Repair of retinal tear by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA covers repair of the retina broadly, which includes repair of a retinal tear, but does not specify the diathermy technique (the means axis AA indicates open/unspecified approach), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "237025009", "display" : "Repair of right mediolateral episiotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA captures repair of the perineum, which encompasses episiotomy repair (perineorrhaphy), but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right mediolateral approach; laterality and episiotomy-type detail could be added via ICHI extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "172247001", "display" : "Repair of ruptured palpebral ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The palpebral (canthal) ligament is a structural component of the eyelid apparatus; BAA.MK.AA (Repair of eyelid) is the most specific available ICHI code and subsumes repair of its ligamentous structures, but it is broader as ICHI has no dedicated code for palpebral ligament repair specifically." }] }, { "code" : "25184000", "display" : "Repair of stoma of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.MK.AA covers repair of the bronchus broadly, which includes stomal repair but is not limited to it; the SNOMED concept specifies a stoma as the target of repair, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "48371009", "display" : "Repair of stoma of common duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.MK.AA covers repair of the bile duct generally, which encompasses the common duct (common bile duct) but is not specific to stomal repair; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all bile ducts and all types of repair." }] }, { "code" : "64271007", "display" : "Repair of stoma of gallbladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCF.MK.AA covers repair of the gallbladder in general, which includes stomal repair but encompasses any type of gallbladder repair; the SNOMED concept is narrower in specifying that the repair targets the gallbladder stoma specifically." }] }, { "code" : "65128001", "display" : "Repair of stoma of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.MK.AA covers repair of the larynx generally without specifying a stoma as the repair target; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that the repair is directed at a laryngeal stoma (such as a tracheostoma or laryngostoma)." }] }, { "code" : "90788004", "display" : "Repair of stoma of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.MK.AA covers repair of the rectum in general without distinguishing stomal repair from other repair types; the SNOMED concept specifically targets a rectal stoma (colostomy/proctostomy site)." }] }, { "code" : "77071005", "display" : "Repair of stoma of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to gastric stoma repair; KBF.MK.AA covers repair of the stomach organ broadly, which subsumes stoma repair but is not limited to it. The dedicated gastrostomy block (PTA) only contains assessment, closure, education, and management — no repair code." }] }, { "code" : "360370002", "display" : "Repair of stomach laceration by suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.MK.AA covers all forms of stomach repair without distinguishing the specific technique (suture) or cause (laceration); the SNOMED concept is more specific, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "19199006", "display" : "Repair of syndactyly", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for syndactyly repair as a named procedure; syndactyly repair primarily involves skin separation and reconstruction of the digital webspace, and LAE.MK.AA is the closest match, though broader in target and not capturing the congenital digit-separation aspect." }] }, { "code" : "1348289000", "display" : "Repair of tendon with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRT.ML.AA uses the ML action which specifically denotes reconstruction or graft-based procedures, capturing the \"with graft\" aspect better than MRT.MK.AA (simple repair); however, the unspecified site target makes it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "237028006", "display" : "Repair of vaginal tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for repair of a vaginal tear (laceration/colporrhaphy); NMH.MK.AC is broader in that it covers any repair of the vagina regardless of pathology, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically indicates a tear as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "1260478001", "display" : "Repair of ventral hernia using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for ventral hernia repair — the hernia-specific codes cover only inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias. PAL.MK.AA (general abdominal wall repair) is broader; additionally, robotic assistance is a means detail not captured." }] }, { "code" : "49662002", "display" : "Repair of wound of extraocular tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the repair target as \"extraocular muscle\" rather than distinguishing muscle from tendon, so BDA.MK.AA is the closest match but is broader in that it covers repair of the whole muscle–tendon unit rather than being specific to the tendon component." }] }, { "code" : "79046000", "display" : "Repair of wound of Tenon's capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenon's capsule (fascia bulbi) is the fibrous tissue layer encasing the eyeball beneath the conjunctiva — ICHI has no specific code for it, but the conjunctiva block is the closest anatomical neighbour and the repair action matches exactly. BBA.MK.AA is broader as the conjunctiva is a distinct, more superficial structure." }] }, { "code" : "63001006", "display" : "Repair or replace broken clasp, partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for denture clasp repair or replacement; KAE.SM.AC covers management (including repair and adjustment) of an external dental appliance, which encompasses removable partial dentures, but is broader as it covers all external dental appliances and any management activity." }] }, { "code" : "50990003", "display" : "Repair with recession", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair with recession\" is a strabismus surgical technique where an extraocular muscle is detached and reattached further back on the globe to weaken it; ICHI has no dedicated recession code, but BDA.MK.AA captures the body site and the repair action and is broader as it encompasses any repair regardless of technique." }] }, { "code" : "61892004", "display" : "Repair with surgical advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LK.AA", "display" : "Advancement of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair with surgical advancement\" is a strabismus surgery technique where an extraocular muscle is advanced (moved forward) to strengthen it; BDA.LK.AA is a precise match to the \"advancement\" component and the correct anatomical target, marginally broader as ICHI codes advancement as a standalone category." }] }, { "code" : "71372002", "display" : "Replacement of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator, total system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA explicitly covers replacement of a defibrillator system, which directly corresponds to the SNOMED procedure; however, the ICHI code also encompasses pacemaker system replacement, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to cardioverter/defibrillator devices only." }] }, { "code" : "444051004", "display" : "Replacement of bilateral hip joints", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement of a hip joint device without specifying laterality, so it does not capture the bilateral nature of the SNOMED concept; the bilateral aspect would require a laterality extension code, making the base ICHI code broader than the SNOMED which explicitly specifies both sides." }] }, { "code" : "431845006", "display" : "Replacement of biliary drain using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.KA.AD", "display" : "Replacement of device in biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.KA.AD accurately represents replacement of a device (drain) in the biliary duct, directly matching the core procedure; however, ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a means for this code, so the modality-specific detail from the SNOMED concept is lost, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "28645008", "display" : "Replacement of bone flap of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cranial osteoplasty (cranioplasty) is the closest ICHI code covering surgical reconstruction of the skull including reinsertion of a bone flap, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of bone flap replacement. No dedicated \"replacement of bone flap\" code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "771557007", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system via open approach, which includes the biventricular ICD (CRT-D) described by the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish biventricular (CRT) devices from other pacemaker/defibrillator types." }] }, { "code" : "448869001", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fluoroscopic guidance is the standard means for percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) pacemaker replacement, and the AF means axis captures this approach correctly. The ICHI code is broader because it does not differentiate biventricular (CRT-P) devices and encompasses all pacemaker/defibrillator replacement via percutaneous transluminal route." }] }, { "code" : "432852006", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The percutaneous transluminal means axis (AF) correctly captures fluoroscopic-guided transvenous device replacement, and the ICHI title explicitly includes defibrillator systems. The code is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses pacemaker-only systems, not just defibrillators." }] }, { "code" : "444566006", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of both pacemaker and defibrillator systems together, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to a pacemaker (no defibrillator component). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1234785000", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CRT-D pulse generator replacement is a percutaneous procedure targeting the defibrillator/pacemaker system, making HFC.KA.AF the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code encompasses any pacemaker or defibrillator system replacement via percutaneous transluminal approach, not specifically CRT-D, and also includes the lead system rather than the pulse generator alone." }] }, { "code" : "85963000", "display" : "Replacement of cerebral ventricular valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ventricular device in the brain's ventricles, which encompasses a ventricular valve (e.g. a Holter valve in a VP shunt), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify a valve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "8588008", "display" : "Replacement of distal catheter in shunt system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the distal (peritoneal or atrial) limb of a shunt; AAE.KA.AA (replacement of ventricular device) is the best available match covering shunt component replacement in the ventricular/brain context, though it is broader than the SNOMED concept which focuses on the distal catheter portion of the system." }] }, { "code" : "46645006", "display" : "Replacement of electroencephalographic receiver in brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies replacement of an EEG receiver (a specific type of intracranial recording device), while AAA.KA.AA covers replacement of any intracranial device broadly. The ICHI code captures the replacement action on a brain-located device but does not encode the EEG-specific nature of the implant." }] }, { "code" : "232334003", "display" : "Replacement of electronic heart device battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically addresses replacement of just the battery/generator component of an electronic heart device. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing the whole system rather than only the power source." }] }, { "code" : "48080004", "display" : "Replacement of electronic stimulator into urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of bladder device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.KA.AA covers replacement of any bladder device and is a good structural match; however, it does not specify that the device is an electronic stimulator, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code for bladder neurostimulator replacement exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "231022003", "display" : "Replacement of epidural electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An epidural electrode (typically a spinal cord stimulator lead) resides in the spinal canal/epidural space, and ABG.KA.AE is the closest ICHI code covering percutaneous replacement of a device in that anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any spinal canal device rather than specifically an epidural electrode." }] }, { "code" : "445420008", "display" : "Replacement of extracranial ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA covers replacement of a ventricular (brain ventricle) device, which aligns with the concept of replacing the hardware of a ventricular shunt system. The ICHI code is broader since it covers any ventricular device replacement, not exclusively an extracranial shunt." }] }, { "code" : "311772003", "display" : "Replacement of grommet in tympanic membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.JB.AC", "display" : "Myringotomy with insertion of tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for grommet replacement; CBB.JB.AC covers myringotomy with tube insertion, which is the operative component of grommet replacement, but also applies to initial insertions, making it broader than the SNOMED replacement-only concept." }] }, { "code" : "105231000220109", "display" : "Replacement of Hawley orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Hawley retainer is a removable external dental appliance, and its replacement falls within the management of an external dental appliance; however, KAE.SM.AC is broader as it covers all types of management (not only replacement) of any external dental appliance." }] }, { "code" : "440668008", "display" : "Replacement of implantable contraceptive capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for replacement of a subdermal/subcutaneous contraceptive implant in the upper limb; PZX.KA.AE is the residual catch-all for percutaneous replacement of a device when no site-specific replacement code exists, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351203001", "display" : "Replacement of implanted heart valve prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes heart valve replacement at the individual valve level (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid), but the SNOMED concept is valve-unspecified; the parent block BlockL4-HDE encompasses all heart valve replacement procedures and is assigned as the best available match where no single valve-specific category applies." }] }, { "code" : "1220642002", "display" : "Replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An intrathecal implantable infusion pump is a device housed within the spinal canal, and replacement is the correct action and approach (percutaneous). However, the ICHI code covers any spinal canal device, not specifically an intrathecal drug infusion pump, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429776003", "display" : "Replacement of lateral canthal tendon using periosteal strip", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lateral canthal tendon is a structural component of the eyelid complex, and reinsertion or replacement of this tendon constitutes a repair of the eyelid. ICHI does not have a code specific to canthal tendon procedures or to the periosteal strip technique, so the eyelid repair code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429055001", "display" : "Replacement of lateral canthal tendon using tarsal strip", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the periosteal strip variant, the tarsal strip canthoplasty is a technique for reattaching the lateral canthal tendon and falls under eyelid repair in ICHI. The ICHI code does not distinguish the tarsal strip technique or the canthal tendon target, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "698864002", "display" : "Replacement of lead of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lead replacement for an ICD is coded under percutaneous transluminal replacement of the pacemaker or defibrillator system in ICHI, which is the standard route for lead revision. The ICHI code covers the entire system rather than the lead specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "6639006", "display" : "Replacement of obstructed valve in shunt system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA directly covers replacement of a device within the brain ventricles, which is the anatomical site of the shunt valve in a ventricular shunt system; it is broader because it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device, not specifically an obstructed valve component, and does not distinguish valve-only revision from full device replacement." }] }, { "code" : "234861009", "display" : "Replacement of orthodontic archwire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest ICHI code for routine adjustment or maintenance of orthodontic hardware; an archwire is an external orthodontic appliance on the teeth, and replacing it falls under management of an external dental appliance, though the ICHI code is broader than this specific wire-exchange procedure." }] }, { "code" : "439240009", "display" : "Replacement of percutaneous tube with imaging guidance using contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.KA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the replacement-of-device action, which aligns with the core procedure; it is broader because it does not specify a tube (versus other devices), the use of imaging guidance, or the contrast medium, and it applies to any unspecified anatomical site rather than a specific organ system." }] }, { "code" : "234683005", "display" : "Replacement of periodontal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no periodontal-specific codes; the gum block (KAG) contains no flap procedure. \"Repair of gum\" is the closest available code but is broader, encompassing any gum repair rather than the specific surgical technique of repositioning and suturing a raised mucoperiosteal flap." }] }, { "code" : "229577006", "display" : "Replacement of permanent transvenous electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for replacing only the transvenous leads/electrodes — the HFC block treats the pacemaker as a system including both generator and leads. This code is wider because it covers full system replacement, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets only the electrode/lead component." }] }, { "code" : "698863008", "display" : "Replacement of pulse generator of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA is the best available match — it captures replacement of a defibrillator — but it describes replacement of the entire pacemaker/defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to replacing only the pulse generator component, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "450820006", "display" : "Replacement of pulse generator of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the whole pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish pulse-generator-only replacement or the use of fluoroscopic guidance as a means; the SNOMED concept is more specific on both the component replaced and the procedural technique." }] }, { "code" : "227647000", "display" : "Replacement of skull tongs", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.KB.AH covers replacement of any external immobilisation device applied to the skull, which encompasses skull tongs (and halo traction devices), but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to tongs versus other external skull immobilisation appliances." }] }, { "code" : "22621001", "display" : "Replacement of subarachnoid/subdural catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of any device within the spinal canal, which encompasses subarachnoid and subdural catheters, but the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to catheters and the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach." }] }, { "code" : "89297009", "display" : "Replacement of temporary transvenous pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AF captures replacement of a pacemaker system via percutaneous transluminal (transvenous) approach, but the ICHI code is broader because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not distinguish temporary from permanent pacemaker replacement." }] }, { "code" : "718084006", "display" : "Replacement of tooth with removable complete denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for removable complete denture fitting; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available concept but encompasses any dental device application, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a removable complete denture as a tooth replacement." }] }, { "code" : "718083000", "display" : "Replacement of tooth with removable partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the complete denture concept, ICHI contains no code specific to removable partial dentures; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available code in the teeth interventions block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177375008", "display" : "Replacement of ureterostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ureteric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.KA.AA captures the core action (replacing a device in the ureter); it is broader because it covers any ureteric device, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies replacement of a ureterostomy tube specifically." }] }, { "code" : "105251000220103", "display" : "Replacement of vacuum formed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for orthodontic retainers or retainer replacement; KAE.SM.AC is the closest structural match, covering management/adjustment of tooth-related external devices, but it is broader than the specific act of replacing a vacuum-formed orthodontic retainer." }] }, { "code" : "7619000", "display" : "Replacement of wound drain of integument", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for replacement of a wound drain in skin; LZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest available residual category for integumentary interventions, capturing the concept at the cost of all specificity." }] }, { "code" : "71037008", "display" : "Replacement of wound packing of integument", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for replacement of wound packing in the integument; LZZ.DK.AH covers the same clinical act of applying wound-care material to skin but does not distinguish the \"replacement\" aspect or differentiate packing from other dressings." }] }, { "code" : "430294007", "display" : "Reposition of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"repositioning\" code for a pacemaker generator; HFC.SN.AA is the closest procedural fit within the correct anatomical domain, but it is broader, covering any management activity, not specifically repositioning under fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "308739004", "display" : "Repositioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic \"repositioning\" code; PZX.LD.ZZ is the most general positioning code and captures the intent of an unspecified repositioning procedure, though it is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "448242007", "display" : "Repositioning of cardiac pacemaker lead using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish lead repositioning from other pacemaker/defibrillator management activities; HFC.SN.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach (matching fluoroscopic guidance) but remains broader than the specific act of repositioning a lead." }] }, { "code" : "65936006", "display" : "Repositioning of cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically captures repositioning of an ICD pulse generator; HFC.SN.AA is the best-fitting code in the correct anatomical domain but broader, encompassing all management activities for the device system." }] }, { "code" : "231752003", "display" : "Repositioning of intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.LD.AA covers repositioning of the lens broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about an intraocular (prosthetic) lens implant; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for repositioning of a prosthetic/intraocular lens separately from the natural crystalline lens." }] }, { "code" : "787789001", "display" : "Resection of annular ligament of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEL.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia of elbow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The annular ligament of the radius is an elbow ligament, so MEL.JI.AA is the best anatomical match. However, it specifies \"local excision of lesion\" and does not represent resection of the entire annular ligament specifically; no dedicated annular ligament resection code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "64484001", "display" : "Resection of extraocular tarsal muscle for blepharoptosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of ocular/extraocular muscles and is the closest structural match, but it does not capture the tarsal muscle specificity or the blepharoptosis indication, and no dedicated ptosis correction via muscle resection code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1231421005", "display" : "Resection of non-ruptured aneurysm of carotid artery with interposition graft replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.ML.AA captures the essential operative concept — excision of the aneurysm segment and vascular reconstitution with a graft — but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the lesion was a non-ruptured aneurysm, nor that the technique was interposition graft replacement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "424865006", "display" : "Respiratory therapy education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept encompasses education, guidance, and counseling combined, whereas JT2.PP.ZZ covers only counselling. ICHI has separate codes for education and advising, but no single code bundles all three; JT2.PP.ZZ is the closest assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "386043001", "display" : "Respiratory tract evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Respiratory tract evaluation\" refers to assessment of the anatomical respiratory tract; JZZ.AA.ZZ sits under the unspecified respiratory system target and covers assessment broadly, making it the closest anatomical match but wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "410305008", "display" : "Rest/sleep education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEC.PP.ZZ is the only ICHI code that explicitly covers both rest and sleep together. It is wider because the SNOMED concept specifies a combined education + guidance + counseling intervention whereas VEC.PP.ZZ covers only counselling." }] }, { "code" : "229551003", "display" : "Resting splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Resting splinting\" is the application of a static splint to maintain a limb or joint at rest. PZX.LC.AH is the only available body-site-unspecified splint/cast code; it is wider because it encompasses both casts and splints across any site and does not distinguish a resting splint from other splint types." }] }, { "code" : "1236933006", "display" : "Restoration of deciduous tooth using Hall technique with prefabricated stainless steel dental crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the most appropriate ICHI code, but it covers any tooth restoration without distinguishing deciduous dentition, the Hall technique, or prefabricated stainless steel crowns. The SNOMED concept is highly specific (technique + material + tooth type), making the ICHI code significantly wider." }] }, { "code" : "234792000", "display" : "Restoration of fractured tooth with tooth fragment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI category for tooth restoration and covers the general concept, but it does not capture the specific technique of reattaching or bonding the patient's own tooth fragment to restore the fracture." }] }, { "code" : "450573002", "display" : "Restoration of part of tooth using filling", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC represents tooth restoration in general, with index terms indicating inclusion of filling-type restorations, but it does not distinguish partial (filling-based) from full-coverage restorations, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "104901000220107", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using ceramic onlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for onlay or ceramic-specific restorations; KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable restoration-of-tooth category and subsumes all material and coverage variants." }] }, { "code" : "1256011002", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using ceramic overlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for overlay or ceramic-material restorations; KAE.MK.AC is the single assignable tooth restoration category that encompasses all coverage types and materials." }] }, { "code" : "104881000220105", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using composite resin onlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Although ICHI includes \"Composite resin restoration\" as an index term under KAE.MK.AC, it is not a separately assignable code, and the onlay design is not distinguished; KAE.MK.AC is broader than this material- and form-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1255251001", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using metal dental crown with ceramic coating", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing the type of crown or material; ICHI does not have an assignable code specific to metal-ceramic (porcelain-fused-to-metal) crowns." }] }, { "code" : "104891000220108", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using metal onlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A metal onlay is a partial-coverage indirect restoration; ICHI has no assignable code distinguishing onlays from other restorations, so KAE.MK.AC is the closest available code but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1256039001", "display" : "Restoration of tooth using metal overlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A metal overlay is an indirect restoration with greater cuspal coverage than an onlay; ICHI does not differentiate between overlay, onlay, inlay, or crown restorations at the assignable code level." }] }, { "code" : "1297219006", "display" : "Restoration of tooth with full coverage noble metal crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A noble metal (gold-alloy) full-coverage crown is a specific type of crown restoration; ICHI has no assignable category distinguishing crown type or metal alloy." }] }, { "code" : "1256042007", "display" : "Restoration of tooth with full cuspal coverage using dental filling material", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Full cuspal coverage with filling material is a specific restorative technique not distinguished in ICHI at the assignable-code level; KAE.MK.AC encompasses all tooth restorations." }] }, { "code" : "1343336002", "display" : "Restoration of tooth with resin and base metal crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for tooth restoration; ICHI has a \"Metallic crown\" extension qualifier but no standalone code for a resin-and-base-metal crown specifically, making the base code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1297214001", "display" : "Restoration of tooth with resin and noble metal crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Metallic crown\" extension qualifier under KAE.MK.AC does not distinguish noble from base metal alloys, and no standalone ICHI code captures this specificity; the base restoration code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "46305007", "display" : "Restoration, composite resin crown, anterior, primary", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides extension qualifiers for \"Composite resin restoration\" and \"Nonmetallic crown\" under KAE.MK.AC, but no assignable code encodes anterior location, primary (deciduous) dentition, or the combination of resin crown; the only assignable code is the generic tooth restoration code." }] }, { "code" : "69864007", "display" : "Restoration, gold foil", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no extension qualifier or category code for gold foil restoration specifically; gold foil is a direct-placement restorative technique with no ICHI equivalent, so the generic tooth restoration code is the closest available match and is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "62786001", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, composite/resin", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a \"Composite resin restoration\" extension qualifier under KAE.MK.AC but no inlay-specific category code; inlay restorations are not distinguished from direct restorations in ICHI, so the generic tooth restoration code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "4511000", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, one surface, laboratory processed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count, or fabrication method (laboratory processed). The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "25025000", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, three surfaces, laboratory processed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count (three surfaces), or fabrication method. The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "25290007", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, two surfaces, laboratory processed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count (two surfaces), or fabrication method. The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "45330002", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, metallic", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material (metallic) or restoration subtype (inlay). ICHI has no assignable code for metallic restorations — material-specific entries are extension qualifier values without axis codes." }] }, { "code" : "57673005", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, metallic, one surface", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material (metallic), restoration subtype (inlay), or surface count (one surface). No more specific assignable ICHI code exists for metallic inlay restorations." }] }, { "code" : "8086004", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, metallic, three surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's single \"Restoration of tooth\" code covers all restorative procedures regardless of material or number of surfaces; it does not distinguish metallic inlays or surface count, making it broader than this three-surface metallic inlay concept." }] }, { "code" : "24475000", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, metallic, two surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that captures the combination of inlay type, metallic material, and two-surface scope; the only available assignable restoration code is the generic \"Restoration of tooth.\"" }] }, { "code" : "83376002", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate by restorative material (porcelain/ceramic vs. metal vs. composite); \"Restoration of tooth\" is the single assignable code that encompasses all indirect inlay restorations regardless of material." }] }, { "code" : "73752001", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, one surface", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures no distinction for a one-surface porcelain/ceramic inlay; \"Restoration of tooth\" is the only assignable code that applies to any restorative procedure." }] }, { "code" : "32555004", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, three surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate three-surface porcelain/ceramic inlays from any other restoration type; \"Restoration of tooth\" is the appropriate, though broader, assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "9300006", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, two surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for inlay restorations using porcelain/ceramic material across two surfaces — the material type, restoration form, and surface count are not encoded; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386412000", "display" : "Resuscitation of neonate", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.MC.AH covers cardiopulmonary resuscitation broadly; neonatal resuscitation encompasses airway management, temperature regulation, and stimulation in addition to cardiac components, and ICHI lacks a dedicated neonatal resuscitation code, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "430701006", "display" : "Resuscitation using intravenous fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's only resuscitation-specific category is HT2.MC.AH, which does not capture the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept — the use of intravenous fluid as the resuscitation modality; the ICHI code misses the IV fluid specificity entirely." }] }, { "code" : "39410008", "display" : "Resuture of cardiac septum prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for resuturing a cardiac septum prosthesis; septal repair codes address closure of native septal defects rather than revision of an existing prosthetic patch, so the residual category is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "285416007", "display" : "Resuture of episiotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code and covers the anatomical site and general surgical intent, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates revision closure of a previously made episiotomy incision." }] }, { "code" : "112817008", "display" : "Resuture of heart valve prosthesis, poppet", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for resuturing or revising a heart valve prosthesis component (poppet); valve-specific codes address native valve repair rather than prosthesis revision, so the residual category best captures the surgical repair intent while remaining substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "29629000", "display" : "Resuture of wound dehiscence", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Resuture of wound dehiscence is specifically the re-closure of a previously sutured wound that has broken down, whereas LZZ.MK.AA covers any repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue without body-site or clinical-context specificity. No ICHI code captures dehiscence or secondary suturing as a distinct concept." }] }, { "code" : "314133005", "display" : "Resuturing of trabeculectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Resuturing of a trabeculectomy involves repair of the conjunctival flap overlying the scleral flap of the filtering bleb; ICHI has no trabeculectomy-specific revision code, and BBA.MK.AA is the closest assignable code for conjunctival surgical repair but covers all conjunctival repairs." }] }, { "code" : "703983008", "display" : "Retinopexy using diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinopexy is semantically a retinal repair procedure, and BCC.MK.AA captures the retinal repair concept well. ICHI does not distinguish the means of retinopexy (diathermy vs laser vs cryotherapy), making the code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236245000", "display" : "Retropubic urethrolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retropubic urethrolysis is the surgical release of periurethral adhesions via a retropubic (open) approach, corresponding closely to NAM.FC.AA. ICHI does not encode the specific retropubic approach qualifier, making the code slightly wider, but the core semantic content is well captured." }] }, { "code" : "307043008", "display" : "Retry-in denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a retry-in (trial seating and adjustment) of a denture; KAE.SM.AC covers handling of dental prosthetic appliances but is broader than the specific act of re-trialling a denture for fit and occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "175881006", "display" : "Revascularization for impotence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.LI.AA", "display" : "Revascularisation of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.LI.AA directly captures penile revascularisation as the operative procedure; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the indication (erectile dysfunction/impotence) — the ICHI code applies to any revascularisation of the penis regardless of purpose." }] }, { "code" : "444909009", "display" : "Reverse isolation nursing in positive pressure environment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.VE.ZZ captures generic isolation for infection control, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a reverse (protective) isolation in a positive-pressure environment — a directional subtype to protect immunocompromised patients. No ICHI code distinguishes protective from containment isolation." }] }, { "code" : "423413008", "display" : "Reverse trendelenburg positioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.LD.ZZ covers whole-body positioning generally, encompassing reverse Trendelenburg (head-up, feet-down body tilt). ICHI has no specific code for Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg, making this the closest assignable category but substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "719571004", "display" : "Review of major housing adaptation", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.AA.ZZ represents assessment within the domain of housing services, systems, and policies, which is the closest ICHI concept. The SNOMED concept is narrower — concerning review of a specific individual housing modification — whereas the ICHI code broadly covers assessment of housing services at a systems/policy level." }] }, { "code" : "719567002", "display" : "Review of new housing development", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.AA.ZZ is the best available match within the ICHI block for interventions on housing services, systems, and policies. The SNOMED concept refers to a specific review act, while the ICHI code spans all assessment activity across housing services and policies." }] }, { "code" : "179884006", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic allograft ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments is the closest available concept, but it does not capture the revision context or the specific use of an allograft (cadaveric) graft for ligament replacement; ICHI has no graft-type distinction at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "179887004", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic autograft ligament augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Autograft ligament augmentation (supplementing an intact ligament with harvested tissue) is best approximated by arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments, but ICHI does not distinguish augmentation from full replacement, autograft from other graft types, or revision from primary procedures." }] }, { "code" : "179883000", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic autograft ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments is the best ICHI match for autograft ligament replacement, but ICHI does not encode the revision context or the autograft-specific graft source, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179880002", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic ligament repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthroscopic repair of knee ligaments directly corresponds to the core procedure (suture/re-approximation of the native ligament), but ICHI does not capture the revision (redo) nature of the operation, making the code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "179886008", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic prosthetic ligament augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Use of a synthetic prosthetic device to augment a knee ligament arthroscopically is best mapped to arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments, but ICHI does not distinguish prosthetic augmentation from biological graft reconstruction, nor does it encode the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "179882005", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic prosthetic ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic approach and ligament reconstruction at the knee, but does not encode the prosthetic (synthetic) graft material, the revision setting, or the specific ligament involved. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction regardless of graft type or whether it is a primary or revision procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179881003", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic reattachment of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no arthroscopic reattachment code specifically for knee ligament (reattachment codes exist only for shoulder, elbow, and wrist), so MML.MK.AB (arthroscopic repair) is the closest available category; it does not distinguish reattachment from other repair types, nor does it encode the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "179889001", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic xenograft ligament augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AB captures the arthroscopic knee ligament reconstruction, but the xenograft material and revision/augmentation-only nature of the procedure are not encoded at the category level; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all arthroscopic knee ligament reconstructions regardless of graft source or surgical intent." }] }, { "code" : "179885007", "display" : "Revision arthroscopic xenograft ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AB matches on the arthroscopic approach and reconstruction of knee ligament, but does not encode the xenograft source, the replacement (versus augmentation) intent, or the revision context; the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179767005", "display" : "Revision autograft augmentation extra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA is the best available match for open reconstruction of knee ligament using a graft, but it does not encode the autograft source, the extra-articular specificity of the ligament involved, the augmentation-only nature of the procedure, or the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "311489005", "display" : "Revision closed reduction of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of any vertebra not elsewhere classified, which aligns with the unspecified spinal level in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to fracture context and does not capture the revision (repeat procedure) nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "273996005", "display" : "Revision excision thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic discectomy (excision of thoracic intervertebral disc) but does not capture the \"revision\" nature of the procedure; ICHI can express revision via the extension code XG3J07, but as a base code MBH.JJ.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo operation." }] }, { "code" : "179795005", "display" : "Revision extra-articular allograft augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA is the closest available code for ligament reconstruction/augmentation at the knee, but it does not capture the revision context, the extra-articular approach, nor the allograft graft material, making it substantially broader than this highly specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179774000", "display" : "Revision extra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA covers knee ligament reconstruction but omits the revision nature, extra-articular technique, and autograft graft source that specifically define this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader across all three dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "179794009", "display" : "Revision extra-articular prosthetic augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA represents the generic knee ligament reconstruction procedure and does not distinguish prosthetic augmentation, extra-articular approach, or the revision context, all of which are explicit in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179796006", "display" : "Revision extra-articular xenograft augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for knee ligament reconstruction, but it does not encode the revision status, extra-articular technique, or xenograft graft type that distinguish this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "173742004", "display" : "Revision gastroduodenal anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LB.AA covers gastric anastomosis broadly, which includes the gastroduodenal (stomach-to-duodenum) connection that is the subject of revision; ICHI is wider because it does not specify the duodenum as the anastomotic partner nor distinguish a revision from a primary procedure." }] }, { "code" : "307192000", "display" : "Revision gastropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LC.AA", "display" : "Gastropexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LC.AA directly encodes gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach), which is the core procedure being revised; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish a revision gastropexy from a primary one, but the anatomical target and procedure type match precisely." }] }, { "code" : "418153001", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis between lacrimal drainage system and nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the creation of an anastomosis between the lacrimal sac and the nasal cavity; ICHI does not have a distinct revision DCR code, so the primary DCR code is the best match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers both primary and revision procedures under the same term." }] }, { "code" : "172295005", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis between lacrimal gland and nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept refers to revision of a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy-type connection between the lacrimal gland (rather than the lacrimal sac) and the nose; ICHI does not distinguish this anatomical variant or revisions thereof, making the general DCR code the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "64492005", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bile ducts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Reconstruction of bile ducts\" captures revision/re-doing of a prior biliary anastomosis as the closest available concept, but the SNOMED term specifies the broader biliary tract (including gallbladder and hepatic ducts) whereas KCM.ML.AA targets the bile duct specifically, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in target but the nearest match for the procedural intent." }] }, { "code" : "443407008", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"revision of intestinal anastomosis\" code; KZZ.MK.AA (Repair of intestine, NEC) best reflects the corrective/revision intent of the procedure rather than a primary anastomosis creation. The code is broader because it covers any intestinal repair, not exclusively anastomotic revision." }] }, { "code" : "405351003", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of lower limb vascular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specific to revision of a vascular prosthetic anastomosis in the lower limb; IFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb) is the closest available, covering reconstructive work on the lower limb arterial system including graft/prosthesis anastomotic revision, but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "174726003", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct) is the best available ICHI code for surgical revision of a pancreatic duct anastomosis (e.g., pancreaticojejunostomy revision), though it is broader as it covers any reconstructive intervention on the pancreatic duct rather than revision of a specific anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "173749008", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of stomach to transposed jejunum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis (e.g., Roux-en-Y or gastrojejunostomy revision); KBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach) is the closest available, encompassing reconstructive gastric procedures, but is broader as it does not specify the jejunal limb or anastomotic revision nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "405355007", "display" : "Revision of anastomosis of upper limb vascular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parallel to concept 405351003, ICHI has no code specific to vascular prosthetic anastomosis revision in the upper limb; ICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb) is the best available match, covering reconstructive arterial procedures in the upper limb but broader than the specific prosthesis anastomosis revision described." }] }, { "code" : "280470006", "display" : "Revision of ankle arthroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ankle joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes \"replacement of ankle joint device\" under the KA (replacement/exchange of device) action, which broadly covers revision arthroplasty scenarios where the implant is exchanged or revised; however, it does not explicitly restrict to revision of a prior arthroplasty, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450437007", "display" : "Revision of anterior excision of lumbar disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior excision of the lumbar disc (ALIF discectomy) maps to lumbar discectomy in ICHI; ICHI has no revision-specific discectomy code, so the base procedure code is used. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the revision (repeat/corrective) nature of the procedure nor the anterior approach specifically." }] }, { "code" : "736702002", "display" : "Revision of biventricular permanent pacemaker lead using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader — it covers all percutaneous management of any pacemaker or defibrillator system, while the SNOMED concept is specific to revision of a biventricular (CRT) lead using fluoroscopic guidance; the percutaneous transluminal approach in HFC.SN.AF aligns with the fluoroscopic/transvenous route but loses the biventricular CRT and revision-of-lead specificity." }] }, { "code" : "49877008", "display" : "Revision of bone flap of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader — cranial osteoplasty encompasses any reconstructive or corrective procedure on the skull, which includes revision of a bone flap, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a revision/repositioning of an existing craniotomy bone flap rather than general skull reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "175036008", "display" : "Revision of bypass for coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of bypass\" code; HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generally within the coronary artery target block. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the revision/redo nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "737011002", "display" : "Revision of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AF matches the cardiac conduction system target, the percutaneous/transluminal approach (consistent with fluoroscopic guidance), and the replacement/revision action. It is wider because it covers the full pacemaker/defibrillator system and does not distinguish biventricular CRT-D lead-specific revision." }] }, { "code" : "704115002", "display" : "Revision of cardiac pacemaker electrode using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AF covers percutaneous revision/replacement of the pacemaker or defibrillator system with a means axis matching the transluminal/fluoroscopic approach. It is wider because ICHI does not isolate lead/electrode-only revision separately from the full device system." }] }, { "code" : "179405004", "display" : "Revision of cemented unicompartmental prosthetic replacement of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA directly represents replacement/revision of a knee joint device via open approach, semantically aligning with prosthetic revision. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish unicompartmental from total knee prosthesis or cemented versus cementless fixation." }] }, { "code" : "1332084009", "display" : "Revision of cerebral ventriculopleural shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.SN.AA covers management/revision of an internal device in the brain ventricles, which best captures shunt revision as opposed to initial shunt creation (AAE.LI.AA). It is wider because ICHI does not specify the pleural distal terminus of the shunt nor the revision intent explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "176553004", "display" : "Revision of circumcision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for circumcision or revision of circumcision; \"Repair of penis\" is the closest available code on the correct anatomical target but is broader than the specific concept of surgically revising a prior circumcision." }] }, { "code" : "450788009", "display" : "Revision of closed reduction of dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of a joint (dislocation) at an unspecified site but has no \"revision\" qualifier to denote that this is a repeat procedure correcting a previous failed reduction; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "450817003", "display" : "Revision of closed reduction of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the closed reduction of a fracture at an unspecified bony site but does not have a concept for \"revision\" (repeat/corrective) of such a procedure, making this a wider match that omits the revision qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "174841008", "display" : "Revision of closure of defect of atrioventricular septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of atrioventricular septal defect", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers repair of an atrioventricular septal defect on the correct anatomical target, but it does not distinguish a primary repair from a revision (re-operation) of a prior closure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174848002", "display" : "Revision of closure of defect of interatrial septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of interatrial communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.MK.AA covers repair of interatrial (atrial septal) communication, which is the procedure being revised, but ICHI does not distinguish between primary repair and revision/re-repair, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174854001", "display" : "Revision of closure of defect of interventricular septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ventricular septal defect", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBD.MK.AA covers repair of ventricular septal defect, which is the procedure being revised, but ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-operation subtype, so this code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "304586009", "display" : "Revision of colonic pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for colonic pouch revision or reconstruction; KBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon) is the closest available category but is considerably broader, covering any colonic repair rather than specifically a pouch revision." }] }, { "code" : "175041000", "display" : "Revision of connection of thoracic artery to coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically a revision of a prior thoracic artery-to-coronary artery anastomosis (i.e., a redo operation), while HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generically without distinguishing revision/redo procedures or the specific use of the thoracic (internal mammary) artery as the conduit. ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of coronary bypass\" code, making this the closest available match but broader." }] }, { "code" : "236206005", "display" : "Revision of continent urinary reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A continent urinary reservoir (e.g., Indiana pouch, Koch pouch) is a surgically created internal urinary diversion; its revision involves reconstructive work that most closely aligns with NAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder), though ICHI has no specific code for continent urinary reservoir or its revision. The ICHI code is broader as it covers bladder reconstruction generally and does not capture the \"revision\" or \"continent reservoir\" specificity." }] }, { "code" : "175214003", "display" : "Revision of correction of patent ductus arteriosus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIJ.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of ductus arteriosus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patent ductus arteriosus correction most commonly involves occlusion/closure of the duct, and HIJ.LA.AA is the most relevant ICHI code within the dedicated ductus arteriosus block; however, ICHI does not have a specific \"revision of\" PDA correction code, so this match is broader since it covers the primary procedure but not the redo/revision context." }] }, { "code" : "174818000", "display" : "Revision of correction of tetralogy of Fallot", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.ML.AA", "display" : "Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZB.ML.AA is the only ICHI code specifically for tetralogy of Fallot and captures the core surgical intervention; the SNOMED concept is narrower as it refers specifically to a redo/revision of a prior repair, which ICHI does not distinguish from an initial repair." }] }, { "code" : "198177001", "display" : "Revision of current traumatic amputation of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JN.AA is the most anatomically specific ICHI code for finger amputation; however, the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the surgical revision (e.g., formal completion or stump refinement) of a traumatic amputation, a clinical distinction that ICHI does not encode — making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "26447000", "display" : "Revision of cutaneous ureteroileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cutaneous ureteroileostomy (Bricker-type ileal conduit or cutaneous ureterostomy via ileal segment) is a urinary diversion; its revision involves reconstruction of the ureteral anastomosis/stoma. NAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not capture the ileal segment component or the cutaneous stoma aspect of the original procedure." }] }, { "code" : "609319000", "display" : "Revision of dacryocystorhinostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated dacryocystorhinostomy code (BAD.LI.AA) but no specific \"revision of\" variant. The revision concept — re-operating on a previously created DCR to restore patency — is clinically distinct from a primary DCR, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "412766004", "display" : "Revision of dacryocystorhinostomy and insertion of tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the revision-only DCR concept, ICHI's BAD.LI.AA is the best available code; the added specificity of tube insertion (e.g., silicone stent or Jones tube) during the revision is not captured by any lacrimal ICHI code, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "442572005", "display" : "Revision of decompression of carpal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFL.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of ligament or fascia of wrist", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carpal tunnel decompression/release is achieved by dividing the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) at the wrist; MFL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of wrist) is the most precise available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any wrist ligament/fascia release and does not encode the revision nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609205003", "display" : "Revision of decompression of posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Decompression of the posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal cord (as in Chiari malformation surgery) involves releasing the spinal cord and/or brainstem by craniectomy and/or duraplasty; ABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord) captures the primary operative intent. The ICHI code is broader as it does not reflect the posterior fossa/cranial component, the revision context, or the combined skull and spinal cord targeting." }] }, { "code" : "442575007", "display" : "Revision of decompression of tarsal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal tunnel decompression is a release of the posterior tibial nerve at the ankle, which maps conceptually to release of a peripheral nerve; ICHI has no foot-specific nerve release code, so this general peripheral nerve release code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the tarsal tunnel site and that it is a revision procedure." }] }, { "code" : "707278005", "display" : "Revision of digital fasciectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Digital fasciectomy (excision of digital fascia, as in Dupuytren or plantar digital contracture surgery) maps best to excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; ICHI does not distinguish finger from toe in a separate hand digit code that matches cleanly, and the revision context is not captured, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78353005", "display" : "Revision of distal catheter in shunt system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision of the distal catheter in a ventriculoperitoneal or similar shunt system is a management/adjustment of an internal brain ventricular device; ICHI has no code specific to the distal (peritoneal) limb revision, so this management-of-device code is the closest available match, but is broader as it covers any internal ventricular device management rather than the distal catheter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "235167004", "display" : "Revision of esophageal anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has \"Anastomosis of oesophagus\" (KBA.LB.AA) but no dedicated revision/redo code — ICHI does not distinguish between a primary anastomosis and a revision of that anastomosis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a revisional procedure." }] }, { "code" : "386698007", "display" : "Revision of esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has \"Oesophagostomy\" (KBA.LI.AA) covering creation of an oesophageal stoma, but no specific revision code; \"Replacement of oesophagostomy tube\" (KBA.KA.AC) covers only tube exchange, so the best fit for revising the stoma itself is the general oesophagostomy code, which is broader than the SNOMED revision concept." }] }, { "code" : "450790005", "display" : "Revision of excision of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.JJ.AA is the NEC category for excision of intervertebral disc at unspecified site, which covers the procedure type but does not differentiate a revision/repeat discectomy from a primary one, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "23084000", "display" : "Revision of exenteration of cavity of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JK.AC", "display" : "Exenteration of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's BAM.JK.AC encodes exenteration of the orbit but does not distinguish a revision/redo procedure from the primary exenteration, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a revisional exenteration." }] }, { "code" : "55615009", "display" : "Revision of extraocular muscle surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.MK.AA covers repair of extraocular muscle, which is the closest ICHI concept to revision of extraocular muscle surgery. ICHI does not have a dedicated \"revision\" code for extraocular muscle procedures, and \"repair\" is broader as it encompasses initial and revision procedures on this structure." }] }, { "code" : "22278001", "display" : "Revision of fenestration operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fenestration operation targets the inner ear (specifically the semicircular canal) for treatment of otosclerosis, and CCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no specific \"revision of fenestration\" code, and CCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft) describes the primary procedure rather than its revision, making CCA.MK.AA a broader but more appropriate match for a revisional procedure on the inner ear." }] }, { "code" : "90854001", "display" : "Revision of filtering bleb", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A filtering bleb is a subconjunctival drainage bubble created by glaucoma filtration surgery (trabeculectomy); revision of a filtering bleb is performed on the conjunctival tissue overlying the drainage site, making BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) the closest anatomical match. ICHI has no dedicated bleb or trabeculectomy code, so this is a broader mapping." }] }, { "code" : "277860006", "display" : "Revision of first stage urethroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethroplasty is urethral reconstruction, and a revision of a first-stage urethroplasty is most semantically aligned with NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra); ICHI does not distinguish staged or revision procedures, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173705006", "display" : "Revision of fundoplication of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fundoplication wraps the gastric fundus around the esophagus to treat reflux, and its revision is a stomach/gastroesophageal intervention; KBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach) is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader as ICHI has no fundoplication-specific or revision-specific code and does not capture the esophageal wrapping component of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "39136009", "display" : "Revision of gastrojejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to gastrojejunostomy revision; KBF.LB.AA (gastric anastomosis) is the closest applicable code and covers the stomach anastomosis component, but it is broader as it does not specify revision of a prior anastomosis nor the jejunal target specifically." }] }, { "code" : "442912006", "display" : "Revision of gastroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LL.AA", "display" : "Gastroplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes gastroplasty as a primary procedure (KBF.LL.AA) with no distinct revision variant; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes revision (re-operation on a prior gastroplasty), making the ICHI code broader in that it covers both primary and revision procedures under the same code." }] }, { "code" : "405447001", "display" : "Revision of Gritti-Stokes amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JN.AA", "display" : "Above knee amputation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Gritti-Stokes amputation is a supracondylar/transcondylar amputation of the femur (classified as above-knee level), and MLB.JN.AA is the closest ICHI code; however, ICHI does not distinguish the Gritti-Stokes technique specifically, nor does it have a code for revision of a prior amputation stump, so the match is inexact and broader." }] }, { "code" : "405450003", "display" : "Revision of hindquarter amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.JN.AA", "display" : "Abdominopelvic amputation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hindquarter amputation (forequarter of the lower limb — pelvis, hip, and leg) is anatomically equivalent to abdominopelvic amputation, which is the ICHI term for this procedure. However, \"revision of\" implies a redo or corrective procedure, whereas ICHI codes for the primary amputation only, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's revision-specific meaning." }] }, { "code" : "280460009", "display" : "Revision of hip arthroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision hip arthroplasty involves removing and replacing a previously implanted hip prosthesis, which aligns most closely with \"replacement of hip joint device\" in ICHI. The ICHI code does not capture the \"revision\" (re-do) context, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236290009", "display" : "Revision of hypospadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypospadias repair involves urethral reconstruction, and revision of it is best captured by NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra), the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code does not encode the hypospadias-specific indication, the penile anatomy, or the revision/redo nature of the procedure, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "428205007", "display" : "Revision of insertion of spacer into lumbar interspinous process", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of device of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision of a lumbar interspinous spacer is semantically a replacement/revision of a spinal device at the lumbar level, which MBM.KA.AA directly encodes. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any lumbar spinal device (not specifically an interspinous process spacer) and does not specify the reason for revision (e.g., displacement, wear)." }] }, { "code" : "736700005", "display" : "Revision of internal cardiac defibrillator lead using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no lead-specific code; HFC.KA.AF is the best available match, capturing both the defibrillator context and the percutaneous/transluminal approach (consistent with fluoroscopic guidance). The ICHI code is wider because it refers to the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than specifically the lead component being revised." }] }, { "code" : "609135002", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of patella", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMP.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into patella", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of internal fixation\" concept; MMP.DN.AA (implantation of device into patella) covers the internal fixation action at the correct anatomical target but is broader because it encompasses primary implantation and does not encode the revision (re-do) nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609140005", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of pelvic bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.DN.AA captures internal device implantation at the pelvic bone — the correct anatomical target — but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish a revision procedure from a primary internal fixation of the pelvis." }] }, { "code" : "609146004", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups phalanx procedures under \"bone of hand or finger\" (MGB), and MGB.DN.AA is the nearest match for internal fixation of a phalanx; however it is broader both because it does not specify revision and because the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (hand or foot phalanx), while ICHI's MGB covers only hand/finger — a foot phalanx would require a different block." }] }, { "code" : "609126009", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB covers both forearm bones (radius and ulna) without a radius-specific code, so MFB.DN.AA is the best available match for internal fixation of the radius; it is broader because ICHI does not encode the revision character nor distinguish radius-only from forearm-in-general." }] }, { "code" : "609128005", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of radius and ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.DN.AA is an equally applicable match here as for radius alone, since ICHI's forearm bone block (MFB) covers both radius and ulna without separate codes; the mapping is wider because ICHI does not encode the bilateral bone involvement or revision nature as distinct from a primary procedure." }] }, { "code" : "609147008", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"replacement of spinal device\" (action KA = replacement) is the closest structural match to revising internal fixation hardware in a vertebra, but the ICHI code covers any spinal level and any spinal device, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies internal fixation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "173595004", "display" : "Revision of interposition anastomosis of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single code for oesophageal anastomosis (KBA.LB.AA) with no distinction between primary anastomosis and revision/redo of an interposition anastomosis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; there is no ICHI code specifically encoding \"revision\" or \"interposition\" anastomosis of the oesophagus." }] }, { "code" : "9257004", "display" : "Revision of intracranial neurostimulator receiver", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.KA.AA (replacement/revision of an intracranial device, target = brain, action = replacement KA, means = open AA) is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any intracranial device rather than specifically a neurostimulator receiver, and ICHI does not distinguish between types of intracranial implants at this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "236277002", "display" : "Revision of male epispadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Epispadias repair involves urethral reconstruction, and NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra, open) is the closest ICHI code; however it is broader because it does not specify epispadias, male sex, or that this is a revision/redo of a prior repair, and ICHI has no epispadias-specific or redo-surgery distinction in the urethral block." }] }, { "code" : "412709009", "display" : "Revision of metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of finger or hand joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code captures replacement (i.e., revision) of a joint implant at the finger or hand joint level, which encompasses the metacarpophalangeal joint; however, MGJ covers all finger and hand joints rather than the MCP joint specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230873003", "display" : "Revision of more than one component of ventricular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management of internal device\" is the closest ICHI code for a multi-component shunt revision, covering the overall handling/adjustment of the ventricular shunt system; it does not capture the specificity of revising more than one component, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172668007", "display" : "Revision of myringoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.MK.AC", "display" : "Myringoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no \"revision of myringoplasty\" code; the base myringoplasty code is the best available match since a revision is functionally a redo of the same procedure, but the code is wider as it does not distinguish initial from revision surgery." }] }, { "code" : "10359005", "display" : "Revision of obstructed valve in CSF shunt system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revising an obstructed CSF shunt valve involves replacing or refunctioning the ventricular device component, which is what AAE.KA.AA captures. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any ventricular device replacement, not specifically the shunt valve component, and does not encode the \"obstruction\" context." }] }, { "code" : "231556003", "display" : "Revision of orbital floor implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision of an orbital floor implant — repositioning, adjusting, or replacing the floor implant — falls within orbital repair, but BAM.MK.AA is broader as it covers any orbit repair and does not specify implant work or the floor specifically; no dedicated orbital implant revision code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "178050002", "display" : "Revision of palmar fasciectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A revision palmar fasciectomy re-excises residual or recurrent palmar (Dupuytren's) fascia, which maps to excision of fascia of the hand; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish revision from primary fasciectomy and encompasses all hand/finger fascia rather than specifically palmar fascia." }] }, { "code" : "705041003", "display" : "Revision of percutaneous intradiscal radiofrequency thermocoagulation of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous destruction approach to an unspecified intervertebral disc, which is the closest functional equivalent to radiofrequency thermocoagulation — a modality of thermal destruction. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radiofrequency/thermal means, does not distinguish the revision nature of the procedure, and uses an unspecified-site disc target rather than specifying the spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "428627009", "display" : "Revision of percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of thoracic intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a thoracic-level block (MBH) but no percutaneous destruction category within it, making MBV.GA.AE (unspecified site) the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader as it subsumes any percutaneous destructive modality, omits the radiofrequency probe specification, does not encode the thoracic site precisely, and does not distinguish revision from initial procedure." }] }, { "code" : "443647008", "display" : "Revision of percutaneous transluminal coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Coil embolization of a cerebral aneurysm is canonically classified under endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery in ICHI, and IAA.LA.AF is the best available match for this endovascular approach. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the coil device, fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, the aneurysm-specific target (versus the artery generally), or the revision nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "55317005", "display" : "Revision of peripheral neurostimulator receiver", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision of a peripheral neurostimulator receiver involves replacing or adjusting an implanted peripheral nerve device, which aligns most closely with ACA.KA.AE — percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the neurostimulator receiver sub-type and does not distinguish a pure revision (e.g., repositioning or adjustment without full replacement) from replacement." }] }, { "code" : "50449007", "display" : "Revision of peritoneal-venous shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of peritoneovascular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.LI.AA is the only ICHI code representing a peritoneal-to-vascular (peritoneovascular) shunt, which corresponds to the peritoneal-venous shunt anatomical construct. The ICHI code is broader because it encodes only initial creation of the shunt and does not capture the revision nature of the SNOMED concept, nor does it specify the venous (versus other vascular) destination." }] }, { "code" : "178052005", "display" : "Revision of plantar fasciectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures excision of fascia in the foot/toe region, which corresponds to fasciectomy of the plantar fascia, but it does not distinguish plantar fascia specifically from other foot ligaments/fascia, and ICHI has no action code for \"revision\" of a prior procedure — both dimensions are collapsed into the broader excision code." }] }, { "code" : "174959007", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of valve of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises heart valve interventions by specific valve (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, truncal), so no single assignable category code covers an unspecified \"valve of heart\"; the block BlockL4-HDE is the best organisational match, and \"plastic repair = reconstruction/repair\" maps within this hierarchy, but the block is broader than the specific SNOMED concept and revision is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "429388004", "display" : "Revision of posterior interbody fusion of joint of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes lumbar spine fusion without distinguishing the approach (posterior interbody) or the fact that this is a revision procedure, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the posterior interbody technique and the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "173232000", "display" : "Revision of primary closure of cleft lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Repair of lip\" captures the general action of surgically repairing the lip, but does not encode the cleft-specific etiology, the fact that the prior operation was a primary closure, or the revision nature of the procedure — all of which make the ICHI code considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "175930000", "display" : "Revision of pyeloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Pyeloplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NAB.MK.AA (Pyeloplasty) covers the procedure at the renal pelvis/pyeloureteral junction without distinguishing primary from revision surgery, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo procedure." }] }, { "code" : "47202004", "display" : "Revision of pyloroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LG.AA", "display" : "Pyloroplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's KBF.LG.AA (Pyloroplasty) covers pyloric reconstruction/widening without distinguishing revision from primary surgery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a redo pyloroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "175729002", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (artery, NEC) and action (reconstruction/ML) but does not encode the \"revision of\" (re-do) qualifier that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a primary reconstruction; the ICHI code therefore covers a broader set of procedures than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "28512001", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the target (breast) and action (reconstruction/ML) accurately, but the \"revision of\" (re-do) qualifier in the SNOMED concept is absent from ICHI, making the ICHI code broader as it encompasses both primary and revision breast reconstructions." }] }, { "code" : "171862008", "display" : "Revision of release of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI precisely identifies the target (peripheral nerve) and action (release/FC), matching the core procedure, but does not distinguish a revision (re-do) from a primary release, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236217006", "display" : "Revision of repair of exstrophy of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of bladder exstrophy is inherently a reconstructive procedure, and NAI.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code covering bladder reconstruction; however, ICHI does not have a specific exstrophy code nor does it distinguish revision from primary surgery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "200925005", "display" : "Revision of repair of mallet finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mallet finger is a distal extensor tendon injury of the finger, so MGT.MK.AA captures the anatomical target and action; ICHI does not distinguish a mallet finger repair from other finger tendon repairs, nor does it represent the revision (re-operation) aspect, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "234912006", "display" : "Revision of repair of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.MK.AC is the best available ICHI code for a repair procedure involving the mouth/oral cavity; ICHI does not encode the concept of a revision (re-do) procedure, nor does it specify which structure within the oral cavity is involved, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429598009", "display" : "Revision of repair of rotator cuff", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDT.MK.AA", "display" : "Rotator cuff repair", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDT.MK.AA precisely targets the rotator cuff with a repair action, making it the best anatomical match; ICHI does not differentiate between a primary repair and a revision repair, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a re-operation." }] }, { "code" : "1255901003", "display" : "Revision of repair of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRT.MK.AA captures tendon repair at an unspecified site, which aligns with this SNOMED concept's lack of site specificity; ICHI does not encode the revision (re-do) qualifier, making the code broader, though it is the best available match across all tendon repair codes in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "302405008", "display" : "Revision of skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"skin flap revision\" code; LZZ.MK.AA is the closest available category, covering open repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, but it is broader — it does not specify that the repair involves a previously constructed flap." }] }, { "code" : "15372008", "display" : "Revision of skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains codes for initial skin grafting (LAA.ML.AA, LZZ.ML.AA, etc.) but no code specifically for revision of an existing graft; LZZ.MK.AA (repair of skin NEC) is the best available approximation, though it does not convey the graft-revision concept." }] }, { "code" : "231505007", "display" : "Revision of skin pocket for pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for revising the subcutaneous pocket created for a pacemaker generator; HFC.SN.AA (management of pacemaker or defibrillator system) is the closest match within the conducting-system block, but it is broader, covering any management activity on the whole pacemaker system rather than just the generator pocket." }] }, { "code" : "20458002", "display" : "Revision of spinal salpingothecal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A salpingothecal (fallopian tube–to–thecal sac) shunt is a rare CSF diversion variant; ICHI has ABG.LI.AA for spinal shunt placement but no revision-specific code, making ABG.SN.AE (management of internal device of spinal canal) the best available code — it is broader, covering any management of a spinal canal device rather than revision of this specific shunt type." }] }, { "code" : "231055008", "display" : "Revision of spinal subarachnoid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for revision of a spinal subarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE (Management of internal device of spinal canal) is the closest available code, covering management/adjustment of an implanted spinal canal device, but it is broader than the specific act of revising a subarachnoid shunt." }] }, { "code" : "361152000", "display" : "Revision of stoma of large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"stoma revision\" code for the large intestine; KBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon) is the best surgical match as it covers corrective surgical work on the colon, but it is broader and not limited to stoma revision specifically." }] }, { "code" : "174595005", "display" : "Revision of stoma of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated small intestine stoma revision code; KBK.MK.AA (Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified) is the closest surgical equivalent, covering corrective repair of the small intestine but not restricted to stoma revision." }] }, { "code" : "392168001", "display" : "Revision of stoma of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTC.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTC.SN.AC sits within the dedicated ICHI artificial body structure block for tracheostomy and covers management/maintenance of an established tracheostomy, which encompasses revision procedures, but is broader than the specific act of surgically revising a tracheostomy stoma." }] }, { "code" : "387706003", "display" : "Revision of stoma of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for revision or reconstruction of a urinary bladder stoma (e.g., cystostomy revision). \"Repair of bladder\" (NAI.MK.AA) is the closest available code, but it is broader — encompassing bladder repair generally rather than specifically the revision of a stoma opening." }] }, { "code" : "18884000", "display" : "Revision of tack operation of inner ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"tack operation\" of the inner ear (a procedure to stabilize a perilymph fistula or round window membrane) and its revision have no dedicated ICHI code. \"Repair of inner ear\" (CCA.MK.AA) is the best available match, but it is broader, covering inner ear repair generally without capturing the specific tack/revision nature." }] }, { "code" : "1222612005", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of hip joint using mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement/revision of a hip joint device (the closest ICHI concept for a revision hip arthroplasty), but it does not specify total replacement or the use of mesh augmentation, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450816007", "display" : "Revision of transplantation of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between an initial heart transplant and a re-transplantation/revision of a prior transplant; HZZ.KD.AA is the only available heart transplantation code and is broader as it does not specify the revision/re-transplant context." }] }, { "code" : "405417003", "display" : "Revision of transtarsal amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transtarsal amputation is a mid-foot amputation through the tarsal bones (Chopart level), which falls under foot bone amputation in ICHI. ICHI has no specific transtarsal/Chopart code, and the \"revision\" qualifier (re-operation on the stump) is also not represented, making the ICHI code broader in both specificity of level and procedure intent." }] }, { "code" : "405446005", "display" : "Revision of transtibial amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JN.AA", "display" : "Below knee amputation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transtibial amputation is synonymous with below-knee amputation, so the anatomical target maps precisely to MNB.JN.AA. However, the SNOMED concept specifies a revision (re-operation on a prior amputation stump) which is not captured in the ICHI code, making ICHI wider in that respect." }] }, { "code" : "236252003", "display" : "Revision of transurethral prostatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a precise code for transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy matching the anatomical procedure, but no concept for revision (re-operation after a prior TURP). The ICHI code therefore covers the procedure type but is broader as it does not capture the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "172698000", "display" : "Revision of tympanoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.ML.AC", "display" : "Reconstruction of tympanic membrane", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tympanoplasty is reconstruction of the tympanic membrane, and CBB.ML.AC is the ICHI equivalent. The SNOMED concept specifies a revision (re-operation on a prior tympanoplasty), which is not encoded in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "176027001", "display" : "Revision of ureteric anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a direct code for ureteric anastomosis matching the core procedure, but does not distinguish a revision (re-do of a prior anastomosis) from a primary anastomosis. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "18995005", "display" : "Revision of ureterointestinal anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core procedure — anastomosis of the ureter — but does not distinguish a revision from a primary anastomosis, and does not specify the intestinal (enteric) target of the connection. NAE.LB.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept on both those dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "236207001", "display" : "Revision of ureterosigmoidostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureterosigmoidostomy is a specific ureter-to-sigmoid anastomosis; ICHI encodes the anastomosis of ureter generically without specifying the sigmoid target or that this is a revision rather than an initial procedure, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265558000", "display" : "Revision of urostomy stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated urostomy stoma revision code; PTD.SN.AC covers management/revision of stomas generically across all types, so it is broader than the urinary-specific, revision-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179801001", "display" : "Revision open intra-articular allograft augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments by open approach and is the closest ICHI code to an intra-articular allograft augmentation of a knee ligament, but it does not specify allograft source, the intra-articular nature of the augmentation, or that this is a revision of a prior procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179800000", "display" : "Revision open intra-articular prosthetic augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's reconstruction of ligaments of knee is the closest available code for a prosthetic augmentation of the intra-articular (cruciate) ligament, but it does not capture the prosthetic means, the augmentation-only nature (as opposed to full replacement), or the revision context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179802008", "display" : "Revision open intra-articular xenograft augmentation intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Xenograft augmentation of the intra-articular cruciate ligament maps best to reconstruction of ligaments of knee, but ICHI does not distinguish the xenograft means, the augmentation-versus-replacement distinction, or the revision setting, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "179748006", "display" : "Revision open prosthetic replacement intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Prosthetic replacement of the intra-articular ligament is semantically closest to reconstruction of ligaments of knee in ICHI, but ICHI does not encode the prosthetic means or the revision (re-do) context, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "179772001", "display" : "Revision open reattachment intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reattachment of a ligament is a form of repair; the ICHI knee ligament block has no dedicated reattachment code (unlike shoulder, elbow, and wrist blocks), so repair of ligaments of knee is the closest available code, though it does not capture the reattachment technique or the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "311491002", "display" : "Revision open reduction of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Open reduction of vertebra NEC is the best available ICHI match for an open reduction of an unspecified-level spinal fracture, but ICHI does not encode the revision (re-do) context and the NEC qualifier reflects additional broadening beyond the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179816003", "display" : "Revision open repair intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic \"intra-articular ligament\" code independent of body site; MML.MK.AA (repair of ligaments of knee) is the closest available code covering open ligament repair, but it is anatomically specific to the knee and does not capture \"revision\" as a qualifier. The ICHI code is broader because it lacks the revision and intra-articular specificity." }] }, { "code" : "232161006", "display" : "Revision pinnaplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pinnaplasty (surgical correction of prominent ears, also called otoplasty) involves reshaping/reconstruction of the auricle, which aligns with CAC.ML.AA; however, ICHI has no dedicated \"pinnaplasty\" or \"otoplasty\" code and does not capture the \"revision\" (re-do) qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180075009", "display" : "Revision release ulna- correction for congenital deformity of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osteotomy of bone of forearm is the standard ICHI code for surgical correction of forearm bony deformity; ICHI has no ulna-specific code, no congenital-deformity qualifier, and no revision-specific category, making the code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72767005", "display" : "Revision rhinoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reconstruction of nose is the closest ICHI code for rhinoplasty (surgical reshaping/reconstruction of the nose); however the ICHI code does not distinguish between primary and revision rhinoplasty, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178697002", "display" : "Revision to cast stabilization of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core action of applying an external immobilisation device to the spine (cast/brace being a subtype of this), but the code is broader: it does not encode the \"revision\" nature of the procedure, does not specify the fracture indication, and does not distinguish cast from other immobilisation device types." }] }, { "code" : "179669000", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction component of the procedure on an unspecified joint (dislocation implies a joint), but loses the \"revision\" context, the combined application of external fixation, and any site specificity — making the ICHI code substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179666007", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no representation of skin traction as a distinct modality for joints, and the classification cannot encode the combined procedure or the revision context; only the core closed reduction of an unspecified joint is captured, making the match a wide approximation." }] }, { "code" : "179178005", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of an unspecified bone (the fracture component), but cannot represent the combined cast immobilisation, the fracture-specific indication, or the revision (repeat) nature of the procedure, so the ICHI code is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "179149009", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures only the closed reduction of an unspecified bone and lacks any means to encode the combined external fixation component, the fracture indication, or the revision/corrective context of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178698007", "display" : "Revision to external fixation stabilization of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the spine (unspecified level), which aligns well with \"external fixation stabilization of spinal fracture\"; ICHI is wider because it does not capture the \"revision\" nature of the procedure nor the fracture indication, but the core intervention — applying an external immobilisation device to the spine — is semantically congruent." }] }, { "code" : "179137008", "display" : "Revision to external fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LC.AH directly describes application of an external immobilisation device to the femur, matching the \"external fixation without reduction of proximal femoral fracture\" intervention; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the \"revision\" qualifier, the \"without reduction\" specification, or the proximal (trochanteric/neck) sub-site of the femur." }] }, { "code" : "179100002", "display" : "Revision to internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous implantation of a device (screw/nail/intramedullary nail) into the femur, which best represents the intramedullary fixation component; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the \"revision\" qualifier, the \"without reduction\" aspect, the proximal femur sub-site, or the specific device type (intramedullary nail with screw)." }] }, { "code" : "179102005", "display" : "Revision to internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a revision of hardware implanted in the proximal femur (screw/nail and plate) without any fracture reduction, and MLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur) is the closest ICHI code capturing device insertion into the femoral bone. ICHI does not have a distinct \"revision of internal fixation\" or \"without reduction\" qualifier, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179066008", "display" : "Revision to open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the femur which is the primary operative component of this SNOMED concept; the intramedullary device implantation and the \"revision\" nature of the procedure are not represented in a single ICHI code. ICHI is broader, lacking specificity for the intramedullary device type, the revision context, and the proximal (femoral neck/trochanteric) location." }] }, { "code" : "179067004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur which is the dominant surgical element; the plate-and-screw fixation hardware specificity and the revision character of the procedure are not separately encoded in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader, not distinguishing plate from intramedullary devices or revision from primary procedures." }] }, { "code" : "179672007", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AA is the best available match for the open reduction of a joint dislocation component; the cast immobilisation aspect would additionally map to MLJ.LC.AH but ICHI provides no single code combining both elements, and neither code reflects the revision nature of the procedure. The mapping is wider as the SNOMED concept is more specific (revision, plus cast immobilisation as a combined procedure)." }] }, { "code" : "179676005", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and fixation by wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the hip joint dislocation, which is the primary surgical action; however, ICHI has no code for wire fixation of a joint, no combined \"reduction + wire fixation\" code, and no revision qualifier. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the wire fixation means and the revision context of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179673002", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site but does not encode the \"revision\" nature of the procedure (expressible only as an extension code XG3J07) or the adjunct functional bracing component. The ICHI code is therefore broader, omitting both the corrective/revision context and the post-reduction bracing." }] }, { "code" : "179069001", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site but cannot encode the \"revision\" nature of the procedure or the adjunct cast immobilisation in a single code; both the corrective intent and the cast application are lost without extension coding." }] }, { "code" : "179074009", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The open reduction of bone at an unspecified site maps the core surgical action, but the \"revision\" qualifier and the external fixation component (separately representable as MRB.LC.AE — percutaneous application of external immobilisation device) are not captured within a single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "179082009", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with cerclage wiring", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for open reduction combined specifically with cerclage wire internal fixation; the core open reduction of bone at an unspecified site is the closest match, but the revision nature, the internal fixation, and the specific cerclage technique are all absent from this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "179085006", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with multiple implant types", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code encompassing open reduction combined with multi-implant internal fixation; the best available code covers only the open reduction of bone at an unspecified site, leaving the revision context, internal fixation, and multi-implant specificity unmapped." }] }, { "code" : "179084005", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures only the open reduction component at an unspecified bone site, without encoding the plate fixation device, the revision/redo nature of the procedure, or the fracture indication. The SNOMED concept is significantly more specific on all three dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "179083004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and internal fixation with screw(s)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that captures screw fixation, the revision context, or the fracture indication simultaneously; open reduction of bone (unspecified) is the closest available single code but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179087003", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish intramedullary nail fixation as a specific combination with open reduction, nor does it capture the revision nature of the procedure; the open reduction NEC code covers the dominant surgical step but omits the intramedullary device and revision context." }] }, { "code" : "301052006", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint at unspecified site; ICHI does not distinguish fracture-dislocation from simple dislocation in this axis, and does not encode the revision nature of the procedure, making the mapping broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179690008", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The primary procedural component (revision to open reduction of fracture-dislocation) maps to MRJ.LD.AA; ICHI has no distinct skin traction code for a non-spinal general site, so the skin traction component cannot be represented, making the ICHI mapping broader and incomplete relative to the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "301055008", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of traumatic dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site. ICHI does not differentiate traumatic versus non-traumatic etiology for dislocation reductions and does not encode the revision nature, so the mapping is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity." }] }, { "code" : "178745004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with internal fixator", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LD.AA represents open reduction of an unspecified vertebral level; the internal fixation with internal fixator component (corresponding to MBZ.DN.AA) is not captured in a single code, and ICHI does not distinguish fixator type or encode the revision context, making the mapping broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178742001", "display" : "Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LD.AA covers open spinal reduction at unspecified level; the plate-specific internal fixation detail has no ICHI equivalent distinguishing plate from other fixation devices, and the revision aspect is not encoded, so ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178743006", "display" : "Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with rod system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.KA.AA captures the revision/replacement of previously placed spinal fixation hardware at an unspecified vertebral level, which is the dominant clinical act in this procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the fracture reduction component, does not specify the hardware type (rod system), and does not distinguish the specific spinal region." }] }, { "code" : "178744000", "display" : "Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with segmental wire system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The revision of spinal fixation hardware is the primary clinical act, and MBZ.KA.AA is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the segmental wire instrument specificity or the concurrent fracture reduction." }] }, { "code" : "178741008", "display" : "Revision to open reduction spinal fracture and internal fixation with wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of spinal device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.KA.AA is the best available match for revising/replacing spinal fixation hardware. The ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the wire instrument type, the open reduction of the fracture, or the vertebral region." }] }, { "code" : "178572005", "display" : "Revisional anterolateral biopsy of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of thoracic intervertebral disc", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core procedure (biopsy) and exact anatomical target (thoracic intervertebral disc), but does not encode the anterolateral surgical approach or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441715004", "display" : "Revisional fusion of joint of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LE.AA covers spinal fusion without specifying a vertebral region, matching the unspecified spinal location of the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the revisional character of the procedure. The code is broader in that it subsumes all spinal fusion types not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "178631003", "display" : "Revisional lumbar discectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AA is a direct title match for lumbar discectomy in the correct anatomical region; the only missing dimension is the revisional (redo-surgery) qualifier, which ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178567001", "display" : "Revisional operations on thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MBG", "display" : "Interventions on thoracic vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is intentionally broad (any redo operation on the thoracic spine) and no single assignable ICHI category code covers this scope; the block BlockL5-MBG represents the full set of interventions on the thoracic vertebral column and is the most appropriate representation, though it is non-assignable and does not capture the revisional qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "441907007", "display" : "Revisional repair of multiple tears of rotator cuff of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDT.MK.AA", "display" : "Rotator cuff repair", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDT.MK.AA covers rotator cuff repair in general but does not capture the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure nor the specificity of multiple tears; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169679002", "display" : "Rhesus screening - cord blood sample", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.JH.AF", "display" : "Procurement of cord blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.JH.AF covers the physical procurement of cord blood, which matches the specimen collection aspect of this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode the Rhesus (Rh) screening purpose; it is broader in that it describes any cord blood procurement regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "401216000", "display" : "Right brachial Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.BA.BJ represents ultrasound imaging of the upper limb artery, which is the closest ICHI code to a brachial Doppler pressure measurement; however, it is broader because it covers any upper limb artery ultrasound rather than specifically a Doppler pressure assessment of the brachial artery, and does not capture the pressure measurement (haemodynamic) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "401218004", "display" : "Right dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure measurement uses a handheld Doppler (ultrasound) probe to measure systolic pressure at a specific foot artery, a functional subset of ultrasound imaging of a lower limb artery; ICHI has no code specific to segmental Doppler pressure measurement at the dorsalis pedis, so the lower limb artery ultrasound code is the best available match but broader." }] }, { "code" : "401220001", "display" : "Right posterior tibial Doppler pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Posterior tibial Doppler pressure is the same procedure class as dorsalis pedis Doppler pressure — a segmental systolic pressure measurement at a specific named vessel using a Doppler probe. ICHI captures the modality (ultrasound) and target (lower limb artery) but is broader, not encoding laterality, specific vessel, or the pressure-measurement purpose." }] }, { "code" : "173666004", "display" : "Rigid esophagoscopy and balloon dilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (rigid esophagoscopy with balloon dilation), and the therapeutic component — endoscopic dilation of the oesophagus — maps well to KBA.LG.AD. This ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the balloon technique (vs. bougie or other dilators) and does not encode the rigid scope modality." }] }, { "code" : "225338004", "display" : "Risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for risk assessment as a standalone clinical activity. The closest available code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers broad whole-person health evaluation — a wider concept that subsumes risk assessment but is not limited to it." }] }, { "code" : "1237579002", "display" : "Robot assisted excision of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total splenectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated robotic-surgery means code; robot-assisted procedures are conventionally mapped to the laparoscopic/thoracoscopic means (AB), making DJA.JK.AB the closest structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all laparoscopic total splenectomies regardless of whether a robotic platform is used." }] }, { "code" : "708913004", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a total excision of the rectum and anus performed via a combined abdominal and perineal approach; KBW.JK.AB is the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the robotic platform, the abdominoperineal approach, or the associated perineal dissection/closure that characterise an APR." }] }, { "code" : "708920006", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anterior resection of the rectum is a partial (sphincter-preserving) laparoscopic resection of the rectum, which maps well to KBW.JJ.AB. However, the ICHI code does not capture the robot-assisted technique or the specific \"anterior resection\" configuration, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708876004", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic appendectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBO.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic appendicectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBO.JK.AB precisely captures laparoscopic total excision (appendicectomy) of the appendix, matching the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify robot-assisted technique; robot-assisted laparoscopic is a more specific form of laparoscopic surgery." }] }, { "code" : "1137453008", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCF.JK.AB is the standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy code and matches the procedure precisely. It is broader than the SNOMED concept only in that it does not distinguish robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique." }] }, { "code" : "708927009", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic excision of diverticulum of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JI.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic local excision of lesion of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JI.AB covers laparoscopic local excision of a lesion of the bladder, which encompasses diverticulum excision as a specific type of bladder lesion removal. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lesion type as a diverticulum or the robot-assisted modality." }] }, { "code" : "708642005", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic fixation of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic rectopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.LC.AB captures the laparoscopic rectopexy procedure but does not distinguish robotic assistance from standard laparoscopic technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted." }] }, { "code" : "708888002", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic para-aortic lymph node dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFF.JK.AB covers laparoscopic total excision of abdominal/pelvic lymph nodes, which encompasses para-aortic nodes but is broader in anatomical scope and does not specify robotic assistance; no more specific ICHI code for para-aortic nodes exists." }] }, { "code" : "708929007", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JJ.AB matches the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy procedure precisely except that ICHI does not distinguish robotic-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "712993002", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFF.JK.AB is the closest available laparoscopic lymph node excision code for the pelvic region, but it covers the broader abdominal or pelvic region and does not capture robotic assistance; no pelvic-specific or robot-specific code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "708643000", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic proximal subtotal gastrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JJ.AB covers laparoscopic partial (subtotal) gastrectomy but does not differentiate proximal from distal resection or robotic from standard laparoscopic approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708918008", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.MK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic pyeloplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a laparoscopic pyeloplasty code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robotic approach is a more specific means that can be expressed via an extension code, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708928004", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JL.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical cystectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a laparoscopic radical cystectomy code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robot-assisted specificity is not captured in the base code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708919000", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JL.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy code but no dedicated robot-assisted laparoscopic variant; the robotic means distinction present in the SNOMED concept is not encoded in the base ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "708986002", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sacrocolpopexy is a specific technique of laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension to the sacrum using mesh, which falls within the broader ICHI category of laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation; the ICHI code does not specify the sacral fixation technique or robotic approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708889005", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic segmentectomy of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hepatic segmentectomy is a specific anatomical form of partial hepatectomy; ICHI's laparoscopic partial hepatectomy is broader as it covers all partial liver resections without distinguishing segmental anatomy, and the robotic approach is also not captured in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "708877008", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic total hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the laparoscopic total hysterectomy procedure but does not distinguish robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic technique, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "712994008", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic uretero-ureterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LB.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic anastomosis of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures laparoscopic ureteral anastomosis but does not specify ureter-to-ureter (as opposed to other anastomosis configurations) nor the robot-assisted approach, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1204240001", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty with oral mucosal graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures laparoscopic reconstruction (plasty) of the ureter but does not specify the use of an oral mucosal graft as the reconstructive material, nor the robot-assisted technique, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "708985003", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AI", "display" : "Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy approach but does not differentiate robot-assisted from conventional laparoscopic assistance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708818009", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic wedge resection of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JI.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic local excision of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wedge resection is a non-anatomic local excision of liver tissue, best captured by the laparoscopic local excision code; ICHI does not distinguish the wedge shape of the resection nor the robot-assisted approach, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1260434005", "display" : "Robot assisted total gastrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total gastrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JK.AA covers total gastrectomy by open approach; the ICHI code does not encode the robotic means (no dedicated robotic means code exists), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted technique." }] }, { "code" : "1220649006", "display" : "Robot assisted transoral partial excision of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial glossectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.JJ.AC captures the partial tongue excision (partial glossectomy) accurately, but neither the transoral approach nor the robotic technique is encoded in this ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1148704007", "display" : "Robot-assisted vasovasostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.LB.AA", "display" : "Vasovasostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGD.LB.AA is an exact match for the procedure (anastomosis/reversal of the vas deferens), but the robotic-assisted technique is not captured in the means axis (AA = open), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1260291002", "display" : "Robotic assisted central pancreatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Central pancreatectomy (excision of the body of the pancreas) is a type of partial excision of the pancreas, which KCO.JJ.AA captures; however, the code is broader as it does not specify the central/body segment and does not encode the robotic technique." }] }, { "code" : "1230404006", "display" : "Robotic assisted closure of atrial septal defect", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.ML.AA", "display" : "Closure of interatrial communication with patch or device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.ML.AA is the best ICHI match for ASD closure using a patch or device; the code is broader because it does not distinguish robotic-assisted technique, and \"atrial septal defect\" maps well to \"interatrial communication\" in ICHI terminology." }] }, { "code" : "1187086002", "display" : "Robotic assisted endoscopic transaxillary esophageal diverticulectomy with myotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for diverticulectomy specifically, but a diverticulum is a localised lesion of the oesophagus and its excision maps most precisely to local excision of lesion of oesophagus (KBA.JI.AA). The robotic-assisted transaxillary approach, the endoscopic means, and the accompanying myotomy are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "1255940008", "display" : "Robotic assisted hepatojejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LI.AA", "display" : "Choledochoenterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hepatojejunostomy (anastomosis of the bile duct/hepatic duct to the jejunum) is a form of choledochoenterostomy, which is the ICHI term for a bile-duct-to-bowel anastomosis. KCM.LI.AA is the closest available match, but it is broader — it does not specify the jejunum as the enteric limb, nor does it capture the robotic-assisted approach." }] }, { "code" : "836437004", "display" : "Robotic assisted simple mastectomy of left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Simple mastectomy\" is synonymous with total mastectomy, making LCA.JK.AA the correct procedural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture laterality (left breast) or the robotic-assisted approach." }] }, { "code" : "836435007", "display" : "Robotic assisted simple mastectomy of right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Simple mastectomy\" is synonymous with total mastectomy, making LCA.JK.AA the correct procedural match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture laterality (right breast) or the robotic-assisted approach." }] }, { "code" : "395056003", "display" : "Rotavirus screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG8EX8", "display" : "Rapid immunoassay detecting viral proteins", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rotavirus antigen detection by rapid immunoassay (the standard clinical method for rotavirus screening) falls under XG8EX8, but this code covers any rapid viral-protein immunoassay and is not specific to rotavirus. ICHI lacks a rotavirus-specific code, so this extension code is the best available match, though it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "134435003", "display" : "Routine antenatal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Routine antenatal care is a package of ongoing surveillance and monitoring of the pregnant woman; NUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy) captures the dominant clinical activity, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a structured programme of visits including history, examination, and investigations. No single ICHI code represents the full antenatal care bundle." }] }, { "code" : "700410005", "display" : "Routine enquiry about domestic abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A routine enquiry about domestic abuse is a clinical assessment specifically targeting family and partner violence, which maps well to VBB.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all assessment of family/partner violence behaviours (not just a routine enquiry/screening question), but it is the closest available match within the dedicated family and partner violence block." }] }, { "code" : "46660009", "display" : "Sacculotomy of inner ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sacculotomy is a specific surgical incision of the saccule (a structure within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear) used to treat Meniere's disease; CCA.FA.AC covers any incision of the inner ear without distinguishing the specific sub-structure targeted, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "409059003", "display" : "Safety education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VC1", "display" : "Interventions on unspecified safety-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED 409059003 specifically covers education, guidance, and counselling combined as a single concept, but no single ICHI category captures all three actions together; individual codes VC1.PM.ZZ (education), VC1.PN.ZZ (advising), and VC1.PP.ZZ (counselling) each cover only one aspect, so the parent block is a wider match that encompasses the full scope." }] }, { "code" : "385869002", "display" : "Safety precautions assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VC1.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for assessing safety-related matters, using the Assessment action (AA) on the safety-related behaviour target (VC1). The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of safety-related behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically focuses on assessing whether safety precautions are in place." }] }, { "code" : "168122003", "display" : "Sample examination - general", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the specimen collection act without site specification, which aligns with the unspecified/general nature of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI's scope is limited to the collection step whereas the SNOMED term implies the broader examination process. The ICHI code is wider in that it is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category covering any unspecified specimen collection." }] }, { "code" : "405332009", "display" : "Sapheno-femoral crossover bypass graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes bypass procedures at the level of the lower limb vein without distinguishing the saphenous-femoral crossover variant or the use of a graft conduit, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "278737008", "display" : "Scalp reflecting incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A scalp reflecting incision is an incision of scalp skin and subcutaneous tissue used to reflect the scalp for skull access; ICHI's closest code covers any unspecified site skin incision and does not capture the head/neck location or the reflecting technique, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "785906002", "display" : "Scalpel bougie cricothyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cricothyroidotomy is an incision through the cricothyroid membrane (larynx) to establish an emergency airway, which maps best to \"Incision of larynx\" — but that ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (scalpel-bougie), the emergency context, or that the cricothyroid membrane specifically is the target. No dedicated cricothyroidotomy code exists in ICHI; JAN.FA.AA is the broadest reasonable parent." }] }, { "code" : "23818008", "display" : "Scanning or imaging, perfusion study, gaseous", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gaseous perfusion (ventilation) study is typically a nuclear medicine lung scan using inhaled radioactive gas (e.g., xenon-133 or krypton-81m); ICHI \"Pulmonary scan\" (JBF.BA.BE, means = BE = radionuclide) is the closest match but does not distinguish gaseous/inhaled from particulate/IV routes, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "15364006", "display" : "Scanning or imaging, perfusion study, particulate", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A particulate perfusion study is the standard lung perfusion scintigraphy using radiolabelled macroaggregated albumin (IV injection); ICHI \"Pulmonary scan\" (JBF.BA.BE) covers radionuclide lung imaging but does not differentiate particulate from gaseous routes, so it is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16646002", "display" : "Scarification", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scarification is the deliberate creation of multiple superficial cuts or scratches in skin (for allergy testing, vaccination, or ritual purposes). ICHI does not have a specific scarification code; the closest structural match is \"Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC\" (LZZ.FA.AA), which is broader since it covers all skin incisions regardless of purpose or technique." }] }, { "code" : "1156892006", "display" : "Scheduling of follow up appointment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Planning in relation to health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for scheduling or follow-up appointments; UEP.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to health services, systems and policies) is the closest available concept, capturing the administrative/planning nature of the act, but is far broader than the specific SNOMED concept of booking a follow-up visit." }] }, { "code" : "415503004", "display" : "Scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens) is the closest ICHI code, covering the implantation of an intraocular lens, but it does not capture the specific scleral suture fixation technique used to secure the posterior chamber IOL; ICHI is coarser and encodes the broader procedure without distinguishing fixation method or lens position." }] }, { "code" : "275926002", "display" : "Screening - health check", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"General health assessment\" is the closest ICHI concept to a screening health check — it covers a broad, undifferentiated assessment of the whole person. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any general assessment encounter, not only those performed as population screening." }] }, { "code" : "312852003", "display" : "Screening at times of life", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to life-stage screening (e.g., neonatal, adolescent, or geriatric screens); \"General health assessment\" is the best available approximation. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the age/life-stage targeting that distinguishes this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444783004", "display" : "Screening colonoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AE.AD", "display" : "Colonoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's single colonoscopy code (KBP.AE.AD) covers all colonoscopies regardless of clinical indication; there is no separate screening-specific colonoscopy code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses diagnostic, surveillance, and therapeutic colonoscopies in addition to screening colonoscopy." }] }, { "code" : "710045002", "display" : "Screening for abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Screening for abuse\" in clinical practice most commonly refers to screening for domestic/interpersonal abuse, which aligns with VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment of family and partner violence behaviours). However, ICHI's VBB is scoped to family and partner violence specifically, while the SNOMED concept \"abuse\" is broader (it can include child abuse, elder abuse, and other forms); overall the ICHI code is wider in that it covers the full assessment action rather than just the screening act." }] }, { "code" : "710075007", "display" : "Screening for child development", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development as a bodily function, which is the closest ICHI concept to screening for child development. The ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses developmental assessment across all ages and also includes growth (physical), not only child development specifically." }] }, { "code" : "312851005", "display" : "Screening for disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Screening for disorder\" is a highly generic SNOMED concept with no specific anatomical or disorder target, and the closest ICHI match is PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment of the whole person), which similarly represents an unspecified comprehensive assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses assessment beyond disorder screening (e.g., wellness checks)." }] }, { "code" : "737839000", "display" : "Screening for solvent abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Solvent/inhalant abuse is classified under illicit drug use in behavioural health frameworks, and VAC.AC.ZZ (test of illicit drug use behaviours) is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses testing for any illicit drug use behaviour, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to solvent abuse screening." }] }, { "code" : "24623002", "display" : "Screening mammography", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BA", "display" : "Mammography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BA covers all mammography imaging of the breast without specifying a screening indication, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes mammography performed for population screening purposes. The ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing both diagnostic and screening mammography." }] }, { "code" : "710077004", "display" : "Screening of infant prior to discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a newborn or infant pre-discharge screening examination; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest concept as it captures a structured evaluation of the whole person's health status, but it is not specific to infants or to the discharge context." }] }, { "code" : "427765008", "display" : "Screening of live kidney donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for prospective living organ donor evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available match as it represents a comprehensive health assessment of an individual, though it does not capture the specific transplant-donor screening context." }] }, { "code" : "171229005", "display" : "Screening plain X-ray of chest", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAE.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAE.BA.BA maps precisely to a plain (non-contrast) X-ray of the thorax, which corresponds to the imaging modality and anatomical site. However, the ICHI code does not encode the screening indication, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a screening purpose." }] }, { "code" : "314233004", "display" : "Second stage Dacron mesh keratoprosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.DL.AC captures the core act of inserting a corneal implant, which covers the keratoprosthesis procedure, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the Dacron mesh material specificity, the staged nature (second stage), or the specific keratoprosthesis device type." }] }, { "code" : "236276006", "display" : "Second stage of two-stage epispadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Epispadias repair is fundamentally a urethral reconstruction, making NAM.ML.AA the best available match, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the epispadias anomaly context, the staged approach, or the associated bladder/penile/pelvic floor components that may be involved." }] }, { "code" : "225703004", "display" : "Secondary lens implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA accurately describes the core procedure of inserting a prosthetic (intraocular) lens, which is exactly what a secondary lens implant is; the ICHI code is broader only in that it does not encode the \"secondary\" (delayed/staged) timing distinction." }] }, { "code" : "177227000", "display" : "Secondary repair of obstetric laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's PAW.MK.AA covers perineal repair broadly but does not specify the obstetric context, the secondary (delayed) timing, or lacerations at other sites such as the vaginal wall or cervix. The SNOMED concept is more specific than this single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "177551009", "display" : "Secondary suture of skin of head or neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA matches the body site (head or neck skin) and procedure type (repair/suture) precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish secondary (delayed) suturing from primary repair." }] }, { "code" : "30555006", "display" : "Selective catheterization of coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.BA.BB", "display" : "Coronary angiography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents coronary artery catheterisation at the level of the diagnostic procedure (coronary angiography), which is the predominant clinical use of selective coronary catheterisation; however, ICHI does not have a standalone code for the catheterisation act itself separate from the imaging purpose, making HIA.BA.BB the closest available code even though selective catheterisation is technically the access step rather than the full imaging procedure." }] }, { "code" : "764677008", "display" : "Selective internal radiotherapy of liver using yttrium (90-Y) labeled microspheres", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT/radioembolisation) with yttrium-90 microspheres; KCA.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver) is the closest match since SIRT is a percutaneous, catheter-delivered destructive intervention targeting liver tumour tissue, but the ICHI code is considerably broader and does not encode the radionuclide/microsphere means." }] }, { "code" : "406181009", "display" : "Self-care assistance: IADL", "target" : [{ "code" : "SN1.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in domestic life, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) encompasses complex home-management tasks such as meal preparation, housework, and shopping, which ICHI maps under \"domestic life\" (block SN1). SN1.RB.ZZ captures the practical-support-with-assistance character of the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all domestic life without being restricted to the IADL subset specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1344953005", "display" : "Self-monitoring of mood using mood diary", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific patient-led self-monitoring activity using a diary to track mood, which maps most closely to assessment of emotional functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all forms of assessment of emotional functions by any actor, not specifically patient self-monitoring of mood via diary." }] }, { "code" : "231085003", "display" : "Semi-permanent pressure technique using Magrain balls", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SB.AH", "display" : "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Magrain ball application is a form of semi-permanent acupressure (small metal balls taped to acupoints, typically on the ear) — a recognised variant of acupressure technique. ICHI has no code specific to this instrument or to semi-permanent application, so PZX.SB.AH (acupressure NEC) is the best available code, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231087006", "display" : "Semi-permanent pressure technique using mustard seeds", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SB.AH", "display" : "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Application of mustard seeds to acupressure points (a traditional variant of semi-permanent acupressure) falls within the acupressure classification in ICHI; no instrument-specific or seed-specific code exists, so PZX.SB.AH is the best fit and is broader than the granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231086002", "display" : "Semi-permanent pressure technique using rice", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SB.AH", "display" : "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Application of rice grains to acupoints as semi-permanent pressure (a traditional acupressure variant) maps to the acupressure NEC code in ICHI; the absence of an instrument-specific code in ICHI means the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252161000", "display" : "Sensitive pregnancy test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sensitive pregnancy test (e.g., low-threshold urine or serum hCG assay) is a specific diagnostic laboratory procedure to detect pregnancy, whereas NUE.AA.ZZ covers all assessment of pregnancy-related functions more broadly. No more specific ICHI code for pregnancy testing exists; the \"sensitive\" qualifier (analytical sensitivity) has no ICHI equivalent, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "89521000", "display" : "Sensory and motor testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate codes for sensory function testing and motor/movement testing, but no single code combining both sensory and motor testing as an integrated neurological evaluation. AZZ.AA.ZZ (neurological assessment NEC) is the closest umbrella code, but it is broader than a focused sensory-and-motor test." }] }, { "code" : "226056003", "display" : "Sensory stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUE.SC.ZZ is the most direct ICHI code for sensory stimulation as a therapeutic/rehabilitation intervention. The ICHI code specifies perceptual functions as the target, while the SNOMED concept is broader in not specifying which sensory domain is being stimulated; AUE.SC.ZZ is the best available single match." }] }, { "code" : "288060004", "display" : "Separated epiphysis - closed reduction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific closed reduction codes but no code explicitly for epiphysis/growth plate reduction. The epiphysis is part of a bone, so MRB.LD.AH (unspecified site) is used when the specific bone is not identified; this is wider because it does not capture the epiphyseal specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "61583009", "display" : "Sequestrectomy of tarsals or metatarsals", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sequestrectomy is the surgical removal of necrotic (sequestrated) bone, which is a specific form of bone debridement; MOB.JG.AA covers debridement of any bone of the foot or toe (including tarsals and metatarsals) but is broader because it encompasses all debridement types beyond sequestrum removal." }] }, { "code" : "229547000", "display" : "Serial splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers single application of a cast or splint at any unspecified site; serial splinting is a repeated, progressive splinting technique, so the ICHI code captures the core procedure but is broader in that it does not encode the serial/repetitive nature or site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "117261000", "display" : "Serum incubation method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0F85", "display" : "Blood cross-matching", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The serum incubation method (also called serum-incubation crossmatch) is a specific laboratory technique used in pre-transfusion compatibility testing; XG0F85 Blood cross-matching is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, encompassing all blood cross-matching methods rather than this one particular technique." }] }, { "code" : "715072008", "display" : "Sharing of advance care plan with out of hours service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the most fitting ICHI code, capturing the inter-provider coordination activity involved in sharing an advance care plan with an out-of-hours service; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a discrete document-sharing action directed at a particular service type." }] }, { "code" : "240994004", "display" : "Shave debridement of skin wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shave debridement is a surface-level, non-incisional technique perfectly captured by the \"without incision\" means axis, and skin wound is the appropriate target; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any anatomical site rather than being specific to a wound, and does not distinguish the shave technique within the non-incisional means." }] }, { "code" : "448854002", "display" : "Shortening of bone of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures limb bone shortening procedures with an unspecified site, which matches the SNOMED concept's intent of shortening a bone of an extremity; the ICHI code is wider because it does not restrict to a specific bone or extremity, while site-specific codes are narrower than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "105371005", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a general procedure type (SPECT as an imaging modality, not tied to a specific body site), while the ICHI code specifies SPECT of the whole body in particular; ICHI does have body-site-specific SPECT codes (e.g., brain, myocardium, lymphatic vessel), so PZA.BA.BF as the \"whole body\" variant is the broadest available ICHI SPECT code but still narrower than the unqualified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709548006", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no neck-specific SPECT code; the only SPECT code in the nuclear imaging family that matches the modality is the whole-body SPECT code, which is broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to the neck region." }] }, { "code" : "713558005", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no abdomen-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code captures the modality (SPECT) but loses both the regional specificity (abdomen) and the tracer specificity (gallium-67), making it broader than the SNOMED concept on two axes." }] }, { "code" : "713635004", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no pelvis-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code is the closest available match but is broader in both body region (whole body vs. pelvis) and does not encode the gallium-67 tracer." }] }, { "code" : "713553001", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium 67 with computed tomography of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no thorax-specific or Ga-67-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code matches the imaging modality but is broader in anatomical scope (whole body vs. thorax) and does not distinguish the gallium-67 tracer." }] }, { "code" : "713552006", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no abdomen-specific or MIBG/iodine-123-specific SPECT code; the whole-body SPECT code captures the imaging modality but is broader in anatomical scope and does not encode the I-123 MIBG tracer used for neuroendocrine/pheochromocytoma imaging." }] }, { "code" : "714257005", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no SPECT/CT-specific code, no MIBG-specific code, and no pelvis-region radioisotope scan code. PZA.BA.BE (whole body radioisotope scan) is the closest available code, but it is broader in both modality (not SPECT/CT hybrid) and anatomical scope (whole body rather than pelvis)." }] }, { "code" : "714977007", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine with computed tomography of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no MIBG-specific code and no thorax-region radioisotope scan code; JBF.BA.BE (pulmonary scan) refers to a lung ventilation/perfusion scan, not a sympathetic-chain MIBG study of the thorax. PZA.BA.BE is the broadest applicable radioisotope imaging code available." }] }, { "code" : "443235009", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography indium 111 leukocyte study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no indium-111 leukocyte (WBC scan) code, no SPECT/CT hybrid code, and no inflammation-specific nuclear imaging code. The WBC scan is typically a whole-body survey, making PZA.BA.BE the structurally closest match, though it is broader in both modality and specificity." }] }, { "code" : "713561006", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of abdomen using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no octreotide/somatostatin receptor scintigraphy code and no abdomen-specific radioisotope scan code (the PAK abdomen imaging block contains only X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound codes). PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope imaging intent but is broader in both tracer specificity and anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "713560007", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of pelvis using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for octreotide SPECT/CT or for pelvis-region radioisotope scanning. PZA.BA.BE is the closest structurally valid code, encompassing the radioisotope imaging modality at whole-body scope rather than the pelvic region specified in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "713559002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of thorax using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no SPECT/CT code specific to the thorax — the only SPECT category codes in ICHI are for brain, spinal cord, myocardium, lymphatic vessel, and whole body. PZA.BA.BF (whole body SPECT) is the closest structural match, but it is broader than the thorax-limited, octreotide-specific SNOMED concept; the radiolabeled tracer distinction is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "443276000", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for labeled leukocyte (Tc-99m HMPAO) SPECT/CT, and no SPECT code for soft tissue infection or inflammatory imaging exists. PZA.BA.BF (whole body SPECT) is the broadest available structural analogue, but it does not capture the specific tracer, leukocyte labeling method, or diagnostic purpose of this scan." }] }, { "code" : "363064002", "display" : "Site specific immune system surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-DAA", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any surgical procedure on an immune system site (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, etc.), and no single assignable ICHI category captures this breadth. The block BlockL3-DAA is the most appropriate organizational level, covering all surgical and other interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system, and is wider by design as a grouper rather than a specific code." }] }, { "code" : "363308007", "display" : "Site specific lymphatic system surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a grouper for any surgical procedure on a lymphatic system site (lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct) with no single assignable ICHI category to match it. BlockL4-DFA is the most precise ICHI block scoped specifically to the lymphatic system (within the haematopoietic/lymphatic chapter), making it a wider but structurally appropriate match." }] }, { "code" : "59408004", "display" : "Sitting a patient up in a chair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHA.RA.ZZ covers the clinician-performed act of changing a patient's body position, which is the core action in sitting a patient up. ICHI does not have a code specific to the chair-sitting maneuver, so this code is broader, but it is the best available match within the activities and participation (mobility) domain of ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "122472002", "display" : "Skeletal fixation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Skeletal fixation procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad category encompassing internal fixation (plates, screws, nails), external fixation, and other stabilisation methods. MRB.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of bone at an unspecified site, which is the closest non-site-specific ICHI code; it does not capture internal fixation (percutaneous pins use MRB.LC.AE), making it a wider match that covers only part of the SNOMED concept's scope." }] }, { "code" : "252954003", "display" : "Skeletal maturity survey", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Skeletal maturity survey is a specific radiographic assessment of bone age, typically using hand/wrist X-rays interpreted against developmental standards. MRB.BA.BA (X-ray of bone of unspecified site) is the only applicable ICHI code covering plain radiography of bone without specifying site or clinical purpose, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a maturity-assessment intent on multiple skeletal sites." }] }, { "code" : "53309004", "display" : "Skin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AC.AE", "display" : "Intradermal skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Skin test\" is a broad grouping covering all forms of skin testing (intradermal, patch, scratch, etc.), while ICHI LZZ.AC.AE specifically encodes the intradermal technique. LZZ.AC.AE is the most frequently used form of skin testing (e.g., Mantoux, allergy testing) and is the best representative single code, though it is narrower than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "103749000", "display" : "Sleep disorder assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.AC.ZZ captures formal testing of sleep functions (e.g., polysomnography, sleep studies), which is the core clinical activity in a sleep disorder assessment; the SNOMED concept specifically implies a disorder context which ICHI does not encode at this level. ATK.AC.ZZ is preferred because diagnostic testing is the dominant clinical meaning of \"sleep disorder assessment.\"" }] }, { "code" : "395069004", "display" : "Sleep management", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other interventions on sleep function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sleep management\" is a broad, umbrella nursing concept covering multiple modalities (education, counselling, practical support, etc.) that ICHI separates into distinct codes; ATK.ZZ.ZZ captures the residual category within the sleep functions block and is therefore broader than any single modality, making it the best available home for this aggregate concept." }] }, { "code" : "107943007", "display" : "Small intestine manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"small intestine manipulation\" is generic and does not specify route or approach, while the ICHI code specifies intra-abdominal manipulation by open approach; the NEC qualifier makes it broadly applicable as the closest available match for unspecified manipulation of small intestine." }] }, { "code" : "72509008", "display" : "Smear for cell identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Smear for cell identification\" is a cytological examination technique — the SNOMED concept describes a specimen preparation method (smear) used to identify cells, which maps to the ICHI concept of cytology as a laboratory test. XG4JJ6 is broader in that it covers all cytology methods, not just smear-based preparation." }] }, { "code" : "1290027009", "display" : "Smoking cessation consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A smoking cessation consultation is a structured clinical interaction aimed at helping a patient stop smoking, which aligns most closely with counselling about tobacco use behaviours in ICHI; VAB.PP.ZZ is slightly wider because \"counselling\" covers a range of tobacco-related goals beyond cessation alone (e.g., reduction, harm minimisation), while the SNOMED concept is specifically cessation-focused." }] }, { "code" : "225323000", "display" : "Smoking cessation education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Smoking cessation education maps directly to the ICHI action of providing education to influence tobacco use behaviours; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses education about any tobacco use behaviour change, not only cessation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about education to achieve cessation." }] }, { "code" : "786914002", "display" : "Snare tip soft coagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Snare tip soft coagulation is a specific endoscopic electrosurgical soft-coagulation technique applied to residual colonic tissue (e.g., after polypectomy); KBP.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction/coagulation action on the colon but is broader, encompassing any endoscopic destruction modality without distinguishing the snare-tip instrument or current type." }] }, { "code" : "306977006", "display" : "Social and personal circumstances education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept represents health education whose content is the patient's social and personal circumstances; ATF.PM.ZZ covers education targeting global psychosocial functions (the closest functional domain encompassing both social and personal context), though it is broader and framed around body functions rather than explicitly naming social/personal circumstances as the educational topic." }] }, { "code" : "171000001", "display" : "Social counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Social counseling (psychosocial/social work counseling focused on social issues and relationships) maps best to SR1.PP.ZZ, which covers counselling across the full domain of interpersonal interactions and relationships; the ICHI code is wider because it is not limited to social counseling specifically and includes all interpersonal relationship counselling modalities." }] }, { "code" : "228593005", "display" : "Social modeling technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEK.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for social behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Social modeling (Bandura's observational/vicarious learning technique) is a specific behavioral therapy technique applied to social behavior change; ICHI has no code for the technique itself, so VEK.PQ.ZZ — psychotherapy targeting social behaviours — is the best available structural container, but it is substantially broader, covering all psychotherapeutic approaches to social behaviour rather than modeling as a distinct method." }] }, { "code" : "1371267004", "display" : "Social service presential interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED specifies an in-person (presential) social service interview, whereas PZB.AN.ZZ covers an interview targeting the whole person broadly without restricting to social services or the in-person modality. No ICHI code exists that specifically encodes a social-work structured face-to-face interview, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "315042007", "display" : "Social support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing general social support services, which is the closest operational match to the SNOMED concept of social support as an intervention. The ICHI code sits within the environment chapter (services/systems/policies) and is broader in that it encompasses systemic and population-level provision, not just individual-level support." }] }, { "code" : "363309004", "display" : "Soft tissue closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Soft tissue closure (suturing or closing of a soft tissue wound) is most closely represented by MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site), which covers surgical repair at any body location. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses repair techniques beyond closure alone and does not specify site, whereas SNOMED implies a wound-closure procedure." }] }, { "code" : "239625004", "display" : "Soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to a category of soft tissue procedures used in treating congenital/developmental hip dislocation (e.g., adductor tenotomy, psoas release, capsulorrhaphy), and MLJ.FC.AA (release of hip joint) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the dominant surgical intent of releasing periarticular soft tissue constraints around the hip. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the congenital indication or the specific soft tissue structures involved." }] }, { "code" : "239639004", "display" : "Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish forefoot from the broader foot/toe target region, nor does it separate soft tissue release of the forefoot specifically from other foot regions. MOJ.FC.AA captures the joint release component of this procedure but is broader, missing the multi-structure (tendon, capsule, ligament) and sub-regional (forefoot) specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239634009", "display" : "Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of hindfoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate hindfoot target subdivision; \"joint of foot or toe\" is the closest available target for a hindfoot joint release procedure. As with the forefoot concept, the multi-structure soft tissue nature and the hindfoot sub-region are not reflected in ICHI, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "239637002", "display" : "Soft tissue release for correction of congenital deformity of midfoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not subdivide the foot into forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot regions; \"joint of foot or toe\" is the best available target. The multi-tissue nature of soft tissue release (involving tendons, ligaments, and joint capsule) and the midfoot sub-regional specificity are both broader than what MOJ.FC.AA encodes." }] }, { "code" : "302491007", "display" : "Soft tissue release of metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.FC.AA directly encodes release (action FC) of a joint of the foot or toe (target MOJ), which matches the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux in both action and anatomical region. ICHI does not have a sub-code specific to the first MTP joint, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the hallux and the metatarsophalangeal joint level." }] }, { "code" : "239448001", "display" : "Soft tissue release of metatarsophalangeal joint of lesser toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.FC.AA encodes release of a joint of the foot or toe, which aligns with the action and anatomical region of this SNOMED concept. ICHI does not differentiate the lesser toes' MTP joints individually, so the code is wider — it covers any joint of foot or toe rather than a specific lesser toe MTP joint." }] }, { "code" : "113041004", "display" : "Special anatomic pathology procedure or service, explain by report", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 \"Histopathology\" is the closest ICHI concept, sitting under the Extension Code chapter as an essential laboratory test, and covers the core activity of anatomic pathology examination of tissue. However, it is broader — it does not capture the \"special/explain by report\" modifier, which denotes an unusual or complex procedure requiring narrative description beyond standard coding." }] }, { "code" : "17636008", "display" : "Specimen collection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.ZZ is ICHI's residual catch-all for specimen collection from any site, making it broader than the already-generic SNOMED concept; the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level parent that encompasses all site-specific collection types, so this is the best available match even though neither is truly specific." }] }, { "code" : "410312004", "display" : "Specimen collection education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ is ICHI's generic counselling code covering any topic, which accommodates the education and guidance dimensions of this SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it does not specify specimen collection as the subject of the counselling encounter." }] }, { "code" : "866036006", "display" : "Specimen examination by more than one examiner", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest ICHI concept — it covers laboratory microscopic examination of tissue specimens — but it is broader because it does not specify multi-examiner review, and \"specimen examination by more than one examiner\" applies to any specimen type (including cytology and haematology slides), not only histopathology. No ICHI code captures the multi-examiner or second-opinion dimension of specimen review." }] }, { "code" : "424308004", "display" : "Speech and language therapy education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "JU1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about voice and speech functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JU1.PM.ZZ covers education about voice and speech functions and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader because it covers only the education component and does not bundle guidance (advising, JU1.PN.ZZ) and counselling (JU1.PP.ZZ) together as the SNOMED concept does; the full SNOMED intent spans three distinct ICHI action codes (PM + PN + PP) under the voice-and-speech block." }] }, { "code" : "252940006", "display" : "Spermatozoa cervical mucus interaction test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a sperm-cervical mucus penetration/interaction test (a post-coital or in-vitro fertility investigation); NUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to fertility) is the broadest plausible match, covering fertility function assessments, but is considerably broader than this specific spermatozoa-mucus assay." }] }, { "code" : "439945007", "display" : "Spermatozoa identification from tissue specimen from testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically describes identification (examination) of spermatozoa from a testicular tissue specimen, typically performed to confirm the presence of sperm in azoospermic patients. ICHI's Biopsy of testis (NGL.AD.AA) captures the tissue collection component but is broader, as it does not specify the analytical purpose of spermatozoa identification." }] }, { "code" : "311479006", "display" : "Spinal instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Spinal instrumentation\" specifically refers to the implantation of internal hardware (screws, rods, plates) to stabilize or correct the spine, which maps best to MBZ.DN.AA. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any device implanted into the spine NEC, not only instrumentation constructs." }] }, { "code" : "265233006", "display" : "Spinal nerve root operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABN", "display" : "Interventions on spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping term for any operative procedure on a spinal nerve root; no single ICHI category code covers this scope, but the block BlockL5-ABN encompasses all interventions on spinal nerve (including division, release, and destruction of spinal nerve root), making it the appropriate wider match." }] }, { "code" : "28369001", "display" : "Spinal pleurothecal shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pleurothecal shunt connects the pleural cavity to the thecal (intrathecal) space and includes a valve — a highly specific procedure type. ICHI only offers the generic \"Spinal shunt\" code with no further specificity for destination cavity or valve inclusion, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "35227009", "display" : "Spinal salpingothecal shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A salpingothecal shunt connects the fallopian tube to the thecal space with a valve — an extremely specific and rare procedure. As with the pleurothecal variant, ICHI provides no code at this level of detail, and \"Spinal shunt\" (ABG.LI.AA) is the only available match, covering all spinal shunt procedures broadly." }] }, { "code" : "385988005", "display" : "Spiritual care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-SXH", "display" : "Interventions on engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's SXH block covers interventions on engaging in religion and spirituality, which is the closest structural equivalent to \"spiritual care\" as a category. No single ICHI leaf code captures the full breadth of spiritual care as a general concept, so the block is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "235514009", "display" : "Splanchnic nerve procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ADB", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The splanchnic nerves are part of the sympathetic nervous system and ICHI has no splanchnic-specific codes; the sympathetic nervous system block (ADB) is the best available grouping, but it is broader than the splanchnic nerve specifically and includes cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral sympathetic nerves beyond the splanchnic distribution." }] }, { "code" : "119979003", "display" : "Spleen destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DJA", "display" : "Interventions on spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's DJA block covers spleen interventions but contains no destruction/ablation-specific codes — only excision (splenectomy), drainage, biopsy, repair, fixation, and transplantation; the block is therefore used as the best available wider grouping, since no single ICHI category captures tissue destruction of the spleen without excision." }] }, { "code" : "287319003", "display" : "Spleen puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"spleen puncture\" or aspiration code; the closest available code is percutaneous drainage of the spleen (DJA.JB.AE), which covers the percutaneous needle approach but is broader in intent (drainage implies therapeutic fluid removal, while \"puncture\" can also be purely diagnostic). The full DJA block has no aspiration-only code, making this the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "266689003", "display" : "Splint teeth with orthodontic bands", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for dental splinting with orthodontic bands; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the closest available code under the tooth (KAE) block, but it is broader, covering any dental device application rather than the specific technique of splinting teeth with orthodontic band material." }] }, { "code" : "281818006", "display" : "Stabilization of joint by ligament repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code combining joint stabilization specifically via ligament repair at an unspecified site; MRJ.MK.AA captures the repair-of-joint action at unspecified site but is broader because it encompasses any joint repair mechanism, not exclusively ligament repair." }] }, { "code" : "252160004", "display" : "Standard pregnancy test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A standard pregnancy test (urine or serum hCG) is a specific form of assessing pregnancy-related functions; NUE.AA.ZZ covers all forms of pregnancy function assessment more broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "310394000", "display" : "Stapling of lung laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stapling of a lung laceration is a specific surgical technique for repairing lung injury, falling within the broader \"repair of lung\"; ICHI does not distinguish closure method (stapling vs suture) or specifically reference laceration repair." }] }, { "code" : "870257001", "display" : "Stereoelectroencephalography", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AI.AA", "display" : "Electroencephalography monitoring via burr holes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SEEG uses stereotactically implanted depth electrodes inserted via burr holes for intracranial EEG recording; AAA.AI.AA covers EEG monitoring via burr holes but does not specify the stereotactic approach or implanted depth electrode nature of SEEG." }] }, { "code" : "1359927009", "display" : "Stereotactic imaging guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of breast tissue, but does not specify the microwave modality, stereotactic imaging guidance, or that the target is a neoplasm, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "312339003", "display" : "Stereotactic injection of alcohol to Gasserian ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stereotactic alcohol injection to the Gasserian (trigeminal) ganglion is a chemical neurolytic procedure performed percutaneously on a cranial nerve ganglion; AAN.GA.AE is the closest match but is broader, covering any percutaneous cranial nerve destruction without specifying the Gasserian ganglion or alcohol as the means." }] }, { "code" : "258172002", "display" : "Stereotactic mammography", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BA", "display" : "Mammography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BA represents mammography as a category, which is the imaging modality used in stereotactic mammography; the ICHI code does not encode the stereotactic targeting aspect that defines this more specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "1106021000000101", "display" : "Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous insertion of a device into the breast, but does not specify the device as a magnetic marker, the stereotactic mammography guidance, or the localisation purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1362091001", "display" : "Stereotactically guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of breast tissue, but does not specify the cryoablation means (freezing) or the stereotactic guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "1357801002", "display" : "Stereotactically guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous destruction of breast tissue but does not encode the radiofrequency means or stereotactic guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1230275006", "display" : "Stimulation of breathing by rubbing back", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other interventions on respiration function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific physical maneuver (rubbing the back) to stimulate breathing; ICHI has no dedicated code, and the residual category JTB.ZY.ZY covers all other interventions on respiration function, making it broader than this tactile approach." }] }, { "code" : "63319008", "display" : "Stimulation of carotid sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carotid sinus stimulation (massage) is performed clinically to terminate supraventricular tachycardia via vagal reflex; HFC.SC.AH captures the intended cardiac functional target but is broader as it encompasses all methods of arrhythmia conversion and does not specify the carotid sinus as the anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "830200001", "display" : "Stimulation of cochlear promontory of tympanic cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Promontory stimulation is a pre-cochlear-implant electrophysiological test applied through the tympanic cavity to assess cochlear nerve viability, aligning with hearing function testing; CTB.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all hearing function tests without specifying the electrical promontory technique." }] }, { "code" : "1155834004", "display" : "Stimulation of newborn", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other interventions on respiration function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tactile stimulation of a newborn is performed to initiate spontaneous breathing at birth and is classified functionally as an intervention on respiration; the ICHI code is wider as it is a residual NEC category covering all other respiratory function interventions." }] }, { "code" : "15695009", "display" : "Stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A stimulation test (e.g., ACTH stimulation, insulin tolerance) is a subtype of provocation/challenge testing; PZA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category capturing whole-body provocation tests not classified elsewhere, broader because it encompasses all provocation tests." }] }, { "code" : "5373003", "display" : "Stress breaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A stress breaker is a specific prosthodontic connector component fitted into a removable partial denture to reduce mechanical forces on abutment teeth; ICHI has no code specific to this component, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the broadest applicable category." }] }, { "code" : "410102001", "display" : "Stress control assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, the closest ICHI concept to a stress control assessment; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all psychosocial function assessment rather than being specific to stress." }] }, { "code" : "315600006", "display" : "Stress counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.PP.ZZ directly represents counselling targeting the psychosocial domain, the best available match for stress counseling; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all global psychosocial functions rather than stress specifically." }] }, { "code" : "229548005", "display" : "Stretch splinting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stretch splinting is a specific rehabilitation technique combining sustained stretch with splint application; ICHI only has a generic \"application of cast or splint, NEC\" code that does not capture the therapeutic stretching component, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "122546009", "display" : "Stretching", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.PD.ZZ", "display" : "Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has an explicit \"Stretch\" action axis value (PD) yielding MRS.PD.ZZ for soft tissue of unspecified site, capturing the generic stretching procedure well; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it explicitly anchors the stretch to a soft-tissue musculoskeletal target." }] }, { "code" : "1371338003", "display" : "Stripping of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial vaginectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Stripping of vagina\" refers to surgical removal of the vaginal mucosal lining (a surface denudation procedure), most closely captured by partial vaginectomy in ICHI; ICHI's partial vaginectomy is broader as it covers partial excision of the vaginal wall generally, not specifically mucosal stripping." }] }, { "code" : "65219008", "display" : "Subcutaneous implantation of cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of permanent epicardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AA covers open/surgical implantation of a permanent pacemaker system (the approach under which subcutaneous generator pocket placement occurs) but does not distinguish subcutaneous-only implantation from the full epicardial system." }] }, { "code" : "274066005", "display" : "Subcutaneous tissue operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the integumentary system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Subcutaneous tissue operation\" is a broad, non-specific SNOMED category for any procedure on subcutaneous tissue; ICHI's residual code LZZ.ZZ.ZZ captures unspecified interventions on the integumentary system, the closest assignable match though wider as it encompasses the entire integumentary system." }] }, { "code" : "438371007", "display" : "Suboccipital craniectomy with cervical laminectomy for decompression of medulla and spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a highly specific combined procedure (foramen magnum decompression for Chiari malformation), while MAA.JJ.AA covers craniectomy generically with no specificity for the suboccipital approach, the cervical laminectomy component, or the decompressive purpose." }] }, { "code" : "12843005", "display" : "Subsequent hospital visit by physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have encounter or visit codes; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest assignable code capturing the clinical evaluation element of a physician visit, but it is broader and does not encode the inpatient setting, follow-up nature, or provider type." }] }, { "code" : "90552006", "display" : "Subtrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED specifies subtrochanteric osteotomy with internal fixation and cast, whereas MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the internal fixation, cast, or subtrochanteric site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "229126009", "display" : "Sucking exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercises for ingestion functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sucking is a core component of ingestion function and KTB.PG.ZZ covers exercises directed at ingestion functions broadly (sucking, chewing, swallowing); ICHI has no code specific to sucking exercises alone." }] }, { "code" : "1259901008", "display" : "Suction assisted lipectomy of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of face and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.LL.AE covers liposuction of the face and neck combined; the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only while the ICHI code is broader, also including the neck." }] }, { "code" : "1259902001", "display" : "Suction assisted lipectomy of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of face and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.LL.AE covers liposuction of the face and neck combined; the SNOMED concept is restricted to the neck alone while the ICHI code is broader, also including the face." }] }, { "code" : "15039004", "display" : "Suction assisted lipectomy of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.LL.AE is the only trunk-level liposuction code in ICHI but specifies abdominal region and buttocks rather than the full trunk, making it broader in anatomical scope versus the SNOMED concept covering the entire trunk." }] }, { "code" : "308721008", "display" : "Suction clearance of nasal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific suctioning codes for the nasopharynx and airways NEC but no nasal-cavity-specific code; JZZ.JB.AC is the closest residual airways suctioning code but broader than the SNOMED concept's nasal cavity target." }] }, { "code" : "310604000", "display" : "Suction evacuation of retained products of conception", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JB.AC captures suction curettage of the uterus, the technique used to evacuate retained products of conception, but the ICHI code does not specify this indication, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "782760006", "display" : "Superior capsular augmentation of shoulder joint using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for superior capsular reconstruction with graft; MDJ.MK.AA encompasses capsular repair procedures of the shoulder joint but is broader, not specifying the superior capsule, augmentation approach, or graft use." }] }, { "code" : "231689005", "display" : "Superior oblique Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Faden is a posterior fixation suture limiting ocular muscle action; BDA.LC.AA captures fixation of ocular muscles but does not specify the superior oblique muscle or the Faden suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "231672002", "display" : "Superior rectus Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Faden is a posterior fixation suture applied here to the superior rectus to restrict its field of action; BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles broadly without specifying the superior rectus or the Faden technique." }] }, { "code" : "733810001", "display" : "Support for self-management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI self-care maps closely to self-management; SM1.RB.ZZ denotes providing practical support with self-care, but is slightly broader because ICHI self care covers activities of daily living generally, not condition-specific self-management." }] }, { "code" : "410363004", "display" : "Support group case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for case management delivered through a support group; UEP.RG.ZZ captures the service delivery aspect but is substantially broader and lacks the group and case-coordination specificity." }] }, { "code" : "410364005", "display" : "Support system case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI equivalent to case management but is broader than the SNOMED's narrower framing emphasising the support system dimension." }] }, { "code" : "698506008", "display" : "Supportive counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ is the most general counselling code in ICHI, covering whole-person counselling without further specification; broader because ICHI does not distinguish \"supportive\" counselling as a specific modality." }] }, { "code" : "440079004", "display" : "Suppression of lactation using hormone", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUH", "display" : "Lactation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's lactation block covers assessment, education, advising, and counselling about lactation but none specifically represent pharmacological suppression; NUH is the best available anchor but does not capture the hormonal suppression modality." }] }, { "code" : "274372001", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.AD.AA covers biopsy of lymph node at unspecified sites by any or unspecified approach, whereas the SNOMED specifies the surgical (open) approach. The ICHI NEC code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "274332005", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.AD.AA is the only ICHI biopsy-of-muscle code and covers an unspecified site and unspecified approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a surgical (open) approach." }] }, { "code" : "307284001", "display" : "Surgical electrolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAG", "display" : "Interventions on skin appendages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical electrolysis is permanent destruction of hair follicles using electrical current, mapping conceptually to skin appendage destruction; ICHI has site-specific codes but no body-site-neutral category, so the block is the best match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "363316003", "display" : "Surgical implantation to lymphatic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no implantation code within the lymphatic system section; the lymphatic system interventions block is the best available match but is substantially broader than surgical implantation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "234853004", "display" : "Placement of fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Application of dental device covers the act of placing a device on/to teeth, which encompasses a fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific type of appliance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234847004", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic lingual arch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lingual arch is a dental/orthodontic appliance applied to the teeth, making \"Application of dental device\" the closest available match; ICHI has no specific code for lingual arch placement or orthodontic appliances, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234846008", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic palatal arch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A palatal arch is a tooth-anchored orthodontic appliance, and \"Application of dental device\" is the best available ICHI match; ICHI lacks a specific code for palatal arch placement, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "6506000", "display" : "Placing a patient on a bedpan", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placing a patient on a bedpan is a specific form of hands-on nursing assistance to enable toileting, which falls within \"Practical support with toileting\"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any practical assistance with the toileting activity, not just bedpan placement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1111791000000108", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE covers percutaneous device insertion into the breast, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the device type (magnetic marker) or the X-ray guidance modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290956007", "display" : "Plain X-ray of gravid uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.BA.BA exactly covers X-ray imaging of the uterus, but does not specify that the uterus is gravid (pregnant), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to an obstetric context." }] }, { "code" : "390810009", "display" : "Planned mental health assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, which matches the clinical intent of a mental health assessment; however, ICHI does not represent the \"planned\" scheduling qualifier present in the SNOMED concept, and the code is unspecified across all mental function domains rather than targeted at a specific mental health evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "1156315004", "display" : "Plant fiber modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.TI.ZZ captures the act of prescribing a specific food/dietary regimen for an individual, which is the closest ICHI representation of prescribing a plant-fiber-modified diet; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the fiber content or modification type." }] }, { "code" : "233592005", "display" : "Plasma filtration", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JC.AF", "display" : "Therapeutic apheresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plasma filtration is a specific modality of therapeutic apheresis in which plasma is separated from blood and passed through a filter; DIA.JC.AF covers all therapeutic apheresis techniques and is therefore broader than the specific plasma filtration procedure." }] }, { "code" : "187480008", "display" : "Plastic repair of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering soft tissue repair of the lower limb, but it is scoped specifically to skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than the full breadth of \"plastic repair\" which may include deeper structures (muscle, bone, vessels); no broader single lower-extremity plastic/reconstructive procedure code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "3918006", "display" : "Plastic repair with lengthening", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept that combines plastic repair with a lengthening technique in a body-site-unspecified manner; LZZ.MK.AA captures only the repair-of-skin aspect and does not encode the lengthening technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity." }] }, { "code" : "58366006", "display" : "Plastic repair with radial incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode \"radial incision\" as a technique modifier for plastic repair; LZZ.MK.AA captures the general repair-of-skin action but omits the defining radial incision means, making it a broader but related match." }] }, { "code" : "16227009", "display" : "Plastic repair with shortening", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Shortening\" in a plastic repair context is conceptually a reduction procedure, and LZZ.LL.AA is the closest ICHI code covering tissue reduction without body-site specificity; however it does not encode the combined repair-with-shortening intent, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441207001", "display" : "Position communication aid near subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with products and technology for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Positioning a communication aid near a patient is a specific hands-on practical support action within the broader category of UAF.RB.ZZ, which encompasses all practical support activities relating to communication products and technology; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire domain of practical support rather than the single act of positioning a device." }] }, { "code" : "441275005", "display" : "Position cosmetic mirror near subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cosmetic mirror is a personal daily living product, and positioning it near a patient is a specific practical support action that falls within UAD.RB.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader, covering the full range of practical support for personal daily living technology rather than this single positioning act." }] }, { "code" : "112908009", "display" : "Suture of laceration of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.MK.AA covers all repair procedures on the penis, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically suture of a laceration; ICHI \"repair\" subsumes suture of laceration but is broader, encompassing other repair modalities as well." }] }, { "code" : "360362007", "display" : "Suture of laceration of perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers all repair interventions on the perineum and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only suture of a laceration; no more specific ICHI code exists for laceration suture of the perineum." }] }, { "code" : "75318004", "display" : "Suture of laceration of sclera", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.MK.AA maps directly to the sclera as the target and repair as the action, covering suture of laceration as its primary clinical indication; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all repair methods on the sclera, not exclusively suture of a laceration." }] }, { "code" : "72062005", "display" : "Suture of laceration of testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of testis\" is the closest ICHI code available and encompasses suture of a laceration as one technique, but it is broader since it covers any repair method (not specifically suturing of a laceration). No more specific code for suture/laceration of the testis exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "65333006", "display" : "Suture of laceration of vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated vas deferens repair code; the vas deferens is part of the spermatic cord structure, making \"Repair of spermatic cord\" the nearest applicable code, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (full cord, not just the vas) and in not specifying suture of a laceration." }] }, { "code" : "24611008", "display" : "Suture of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of larynx\" covers the same anatomical target and surgical intent, but is broader because it does not specify suture as the means; no more specific suture-of-larynx code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "397242005", "display" : "Suture of liver laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of liver\" is the best available ICHI match — same target and restorative intent — but it is broader because it does not constrain the means to suturing nor specifies that the indication is a laceration." }] }, { "code" : "310393006", "display" : "Suture of lung laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of lung\" covers the same anatomical target and restorative intent, but is broader since it does not specify suture as the technique nor limit the indication to a laceration; it is the most specific available ICHI code for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "76808009", "display" : "Suture of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Repair of muscle of unspecified site\" (MRM.MK.AA) covers the same repair action on a muscle at an unspecified body site, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED concept \"Suture of muscle.\" However, ICHI uses \"repair\" (MK action axis) as a broader term encompassing suture and other repair techniques, and the means axis (AA = open) does not fully constrain to suture alone, making the ICHI code slightly broader in technique than suture specifically." }] }, { "code" : "439713005", "display" : "Suture of nerve with mobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.MK.AA covers repair of a peripheral nerve (open approach), which subsumes suturing as a repair technique; however, the SNOMED concept additionally specifies mobilization of the nerve as part of the procedure, a detail not captured in the ICHI code, and the ICHI code is also restricted to peripheral nerves whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify nerve type. The ICHI code is therefore broader in technique scope and potentially narrower in anatomical scope, but overall the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "112926007", "display" : "Suture of obstetric laceration of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.MK.AC is the most specific available ICHI code for vaginal repair performed via a transvaginal approach, which is the natural route for repairing an obstetric vaginal laceration. The ICHI code does not specify \"obstetric\" context or the laceration etiology, making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest assignable match within the vaginal interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "6473009", "display" : "Suture of old obstetrical laceration of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.MK.AA captures repair of the uterus (open, unspecified approach), which is the closest ICHI category to suturing an old obstetric uterine laceration. The ICHI code does not encode the obstetric etiology, the chronicity (\"old\" laceration), or the suture technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "397243000", "display" : "Suture of renal laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.MK.AA is the designated ICHI code for repair of the kidney (open approach), encompassing repair of traumatic lacerations including by suture (nephrorraphy). The ICHI code does not specify suture technique or laceration etiology, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best and most direct match available in the kidney interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "54293004", "display" : "Suture of skin wound of forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a forefoot-specific skin repair code; the closest available code covers the entire lower limb, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the forefoot. \"Repair\" in ICHI encompasses wound suturing as a technique." }] }, { "code" : "87313004", "display" : "Suture of tunica vaginalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the tunica vaginalis under testis interventions and has no dedicated tunica vaginalis repair code; \"Repair of testis\" is the best available code but is broader, covering the whole testicular unit rather than just the tunica vaginalis covering." }] }, { "code" : "446733006", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of esophagus by transabdominal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Repair of oesophagus\" maps well to suturing of an oesophageal laceration, but the code does not specify the transabdominal approach (that detail would require an extension code), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446734000", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of esophagus by transthoracic approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same core intervention as 446733006; ICHI \"Repair of oesophagus\" covers esophageal laceration repair regardless of approach — the transthoracic (open) approach is not separately represented in ICHI (only the thoracoscopic variant KBA.MK.AB exists), so the unspecified repair code is wider than this approach-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448829002", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.MK.AA covers all open repair of the rectum, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific act of suturing (closing) a laceration. No ICHI code exists for suture or laceration closure of the rectum specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445891007", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.MK.AA covers repair of the small intestine broadly, which subsumes but is not limited to suturing a laceration. ICHI has no dedicated code for suture closure of a small intestinal wound." }] }, { "code" : "447741002", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of trachea by transcervical approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.MK.AA is the open (unspecified approach) repair of trachea, which is the closest available ICHI code for transcervical tracheal repair; ICHI does not have a dedicated transcervical-approach code, and \"repair\" is broader than \"suturing of laceration.\"" }] }, { "code" : "446773000", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.MK.AA covers open repair of the ureter broadly, which encompasses but is not specific to suturing a laceration. No ICHI code exists for laceration closure of the ureter as a distinct procedure." }] }, { "code" : "57071006", "display" : "Sympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sympathectomy (surgical excision of sympathetic nerve tissue) maps to the sympathetic nervous system section in ICHI, but the specific excision codes are all level-specific (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral), whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify a level. ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the designated residual/unspecified category for the entire sympathetic nervous system block and is thus broader than the specific procedure; it is the best available match when the anatomical level is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "306999003", "display" : "Sympathetic ganglion block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has level-specific anaesthetic injection codes (ADB.DC.AE through ADE.DC.AE) for blocking sympathetic nerves at cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels, but the SNOMED concept refers to sympathetic ganglion block without specifying a level, so no single level-specific code is an exact match. ADA.ZZ.ZZ (unspecified sympathetic nervous system intervention) is the best available residual code, though it is broader than the specific blocking procedure." }] }, { "code" : "59427005", "display" : "Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's only assignable code for mechanical ventilation is \"Artificial ventilation\" (JTB.DE.AC), which covers all modes of mechanical ventilatory support including SIMV; there is no sub-code distinguishing synchronised intermittent mandatory mode, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation mode." }] }, { "code" : "61371000210101", "display" : "Systemic anti cancer therapy regimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified\" (PZA.DB.AZ) is the closest match for a systemic pharmacological anti-cancer treatment regimen; ICHI does not distinguish oncological agents from other pharmacotherapy nor encode multi-drug regimen concepts, making the ICHI code substantially broader. A more specific intravenous route variant (PZA.DB.AF) exists, but the SNOMED concept is route-agnostic and may encompass oral/IV/other routes across a regimen." }] }, { "code" : "61746007", "display" : "Taking patient vital signs", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Whole body measurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Taking patient vital signs\" is the composite measurement of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure across the whole person, which fits within PZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement) — a whole-body aggregate physical measurement. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any whole-body measurement, not specifically the standardised vital signs set, but it is the closest single code available given ICHI lacks a dedicated vital signs bundle code." }] }, { "code" : "430531002", "display" : "Tamponade of anterior nasal bleeding using nasal tampon", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC covers control of nasal bleeding (epistaxis) in general but does not specify the method; the SNOMED concept specifies tamponade using a nasal tampon as the particular technique, making the ICHI code broader than both instrument-specific SNOMED concepts." }] }, { "code" : "430538008", "display" : "Tamponade of anterior nasal bleeding using urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the nasal tampon variant, JAA.LA.AC captures the essential act of controlling anterior nasal bleeding but is broader because it does not encode the specific instrument (urinary catheter) used for the tamponade." }] }, { "code" : "231611003", "display" : "Tarsal cleavage of lower eyelid and insertion of everting sutures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal cleavage with everting sutures is a surgical technique to correct lower eyelid entropion; BAA.MK.AA \"Repair of eyelid\" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the entropion indication, the tarsal cleavage approach, or the suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "241343007", "display" : "Tc99m-IDA derivative study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Tc99m-IDA (HIDA) scan is a hepatobiliary nuclear medicine study using a technetium-labelled iminodiacetic acid tracer to image the liver and biliary system; KCA.BA.BE \"Liver scan and radioisotope function study\" captures the radioisotope imaging of the hepatic/biliary target but is broader because it does not specify the Tc99m-IDA tracer or the biliary functional component of the study." }] }, { "code" : "386471001", "display" : "Technical equipment management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.SM.ZZ covers management of products and technology broadly within the environment chapter, which is the closest ICHI category to managing technical/medical equipment. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all products and technology, not only clinical or technical equipment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "386472008", "display" : "Telephone consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6UP2 is the ICHI Telehealth extension code for any intervention where advice or assistance is provided from a distant location, which aligns with telephone consultation as a remotely delivered advisory encounter. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all modalities of remote advice and is not restricted to consultations specifically." }] }, { "code" : "386473003", "display" : "Telephone follow-up", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Telephone follow-up is a remote clinician-initiated contact to check on a patient, which falls within the scope of advice or assistance provided from a distant location. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish follow-up from other forms of remote consultation, and covers all remote modalities beyond telephone alone." }] }, { "code" : "401267002", "display" : "Telephone triage encounter", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Telephone triage involves a clinician remotely assessing urgency and directing care, which fits within the concept of advice or assistance provided from a distant location. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific triage/prioritisation nature of the encounter, nor is it restricted to telephone as the communication medium." }] }, { "code" : "78383001", "display" : "Temporary crown for fractured tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration broadly and is the best available match; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes placement of a provisional/temporary crown as a protective interim measure on a fractured tooth, a subset that ICHI does not distinguish from permanent restorations." }] }, { "code" : "38340002", "display" : "Temporary insertion of pacemaker into atrium by transvenous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DL.AF matches on the key dimensions — temporary, endocardial, transvenous (percutaneous transluminal) pacemaker insertion — but the ICHI code describes insertion of the complete pacemaker system without specifying atrial lead placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly identifies the atrium as the target chamber." }] }, { "code" : "105378004", "display" : "Thallium scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTC.BA.BE", "display" : "Myocardial perfusion scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thallium-201 scintigraphy is performed predominantly as a myocardial perfusion scan, making HTC.BA.BE the best available ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is modality-agnostic and broader than the thallium-specific SNOMED concept, which denotes a particular radiopharmaceutical tracer technique." }] }, { "code" : "229591000", "display" : "Theraktin treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Theraktin treatment is a specific form of whole-body UVA/UVB phototherapy delivered via a tunnel device for conditions like psoriasis; PZA.SC.AH covers all whole-body phototherapy regardless of device or wavelength band, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "240959006", "display" : "Therapeutic barium enema", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of colon by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A therapeutic barium enema is specifically used to reduce intussusception of the colon using barium as the contrast/pressure medium; KBP.LD.AC \"Reduction of colon by enema\" covers this clinical purpose and is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the type of enema medium." }] }, { "code" : "177112007", "display" : "Therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.JB.ZZ", "display" : "Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code precisely describes therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid (amnioreduction) including the explicit therapeutic intent \"to decrease fluid volume,\" making it a very close match. Mapped as wider because the NEC (.ZZ) means axis is a catch-all residual category rather than a true exact match." }] }, { "code" : "171787008", "display" : "Therapeutic epidural injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers injection into the spinal canal via a percutaneous approach, which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the epidural space specifically; the spinal canal encompasses both the epidural and intrathecal spaces, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the epidural compartment." }] }, { "code" : "16555401000119103", "display" : "Therapeutic injection of left hip using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.DB.AE covers injection into the hip joint but does not encode the therapeutic substance, the fluoroscopic guidance (X-ray means), or the laterality (left); laterality would need to be added as an ICHI extension code, making the stem code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16555611000119103", "display" : "Therapeutic injection of left shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.DB.AE captures injection into the shoulder joint but omits the therapeutic substance, fluoroscopic guidance, and left-side laterality; as with the hip, laterality would require an ICHI extension code, and fluoroscopic guidance is not represented in the stem code." }] }, { "code" : "16555561000119101", "display" : "Therapeutic injection of right shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as for the left shoulder concept — MDJ.DB.AE is the correct stem code for shoulder joint injection, but the right-side laterality would need an ICHI extension code and fluoroscopic guidance is not captured in the stem." }] }, { "code" : "174662007", "display" : "Therapeutic percutaneous insertion of prosthesis into bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of a biliary tract device (which encompasses prostheses/stents) but does not specify the percutaneous approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both approach (percutaneous) and device type (prosthesis). No ICHI code for percutaneous-only biliary device insertion without concomitant dilatation exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "19647005", "display" : "Therapeutic plasmapheresis using plasma as major replacement fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JC.AF", "display" : "Therapeutic apheresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.JC.AF covers therapeutic apheresis as a class, of which plasmapheresis is a subtype; ICHI does not distinguish between plasmapheresis and other apheresis modalities, nor does it capture the specific replacement fluid used, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386641000", "display" : "Therapeutic termination of pregnancy procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DB.AC", "display" : "Termination of pregnancy by oral medication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no method-unspecified \"termination of pregnancy\" assignable code; both available ICHI codes (oral medication and hysterotomy) are narrower than the generic SNOMED concept, meaning the SNOMED concept is broader than either individual ICHI code. NME.DB.AC is selected as the representative medical abortion route." }] }, { "code" : "1332556005", "display" : "Therapeutic transfusion of convalescent plasma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.DG.AF covers transfusion of any blood or blood product, while the SNOMED concept specifies convalescent plasma specifically; the ICHI code is thus broader, as ICHI makes no distinction between plasma subtypes or donor status." }] }, { "code" : "89240007", "display" : "Thermography of blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.BA.BA is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" imaging code for blood vessels that can accommodate modalities not specifically listed in ICHI such as thermography; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any unspecified imaging technique applied to any blood vessel rather than thermography specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1366218003", "display" : "Thoracoscopic surgery using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no standalone category code for robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; XG5Z48 (\"With robotic assistance\") exists only as an extension modifier. JCH.AE.AB covers the thoracoscopic approach but is broader, omitting the robotic-assistance qualifier that defines this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439439009", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with removal of intrapleural fibrin deposit", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.JG.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic debridement of thoracic cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Debridement of the thoracic cavity performed thoracoscopically (JCH.JG.AB) captures the operative intent (thoracoscopic removal of intracavitary material), but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically names fibrin deposit removal within the pleural space." }] }, { "code" : "69882005", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of femoropopliteal vein by abdominal and leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the procedure at the lower limb vein level but does not distinguish the femoropopliteal segment specifically, nor does it encode the catheter technique or the combined abdominal and leg incision approach. The SNOMED concept is more granular in both anatomical target and operative approach." }] }, { "code" : "11346008", "display" : "Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by abdominal and leg incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The abdominal and leg incision approach strongly implies the inferior vena cava, and HIC.JE.AA correctly captures thrombectomy (extraction of obstruction) of the IVC. ICHI is slightly wider because it does not encode the catheter technique or the specific combined abdominal/leg incision approach present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "85664008", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of celiac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery as a class, which encompasses the celiac artery but does not capture the specific vessel or the concomitant graft component described in the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader in both anatomical specificity and procedural detail." }] }, { "code" : "64933009", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery and falls within the target of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify the iliac vessel nor does it capture the additional graft reconstruction that is part of the SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "710006", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric artery (superior or inferior) is an abdominal artery within the scope of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish the mesenteric vessel specifically, nor does it encode the accompanying graft." }] }, { "code" : "5176003", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of renal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The renal artery is an abdominal artery covered by the IEA target, but ICHI does not differentiate the renal vessel from other abdominal arteries at this code level, and the graft component of the SNOMED procedure is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "85448008", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of vertebral artery by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of head and neck, open approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vertebral artery is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, and the \"neck incision\" aligns with the open approach specified in IBA.JE.AA; however, the ICHI code does not identify the vertebral artery specifically nor encode the graft component of the SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "228572007", "display" : "Time management training", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Time management is a higher-level cognitive/executive function skill, and ICHI \"Training of higher-level cognitive functions\" (AUH.PH.ZZ) is the closest available code; however, it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of time management training, as it encompasses planning, problem-solving, and other executive functions as well." }] }, { "code" : "172270009", "display" : "Tissue glue protective tarsorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsorrhaphy (surgical joining/closure of eyelid margins) is a form of eyelid repair, and BAA.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code; the only eyelid-specific code referencing tarsorrhaphy is BAA.FB.AA (\"Severing of blepharorrhaphy,\" i.e. the reversal). ICHI does not have a dedicated code for tarsorrhaphy creation, so BAA.MK.AA is broader than the specific tissue-glue technique described." }] }, { "code" : "171209009", "display" : "Tobacco usage screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of tobacco use behaviours broadly, which encompasses a usage screening. The ICHI code is wider because \"assessment\" includes any evaluation of tobacco use, not just a formal screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "50585009", "display" : "Tooth extraction, multiple", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JE.AC", "display" : "Extraction of tooth without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JE.AC is the closest ICHI code for simple (non-surgical) tooth extraction, but it refers to a single extraction and does not capture the \"multiple\" qualifier; the ICHI code is therefore wider as it covers the procedure type without specifying multiplicity." }] }, { "code" : "1259171006", "display" : "Tooth restorability assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code is \"Dental examination\" (KAE.AE.AC), a general dental assessment that is broader than the specific clinical task of evaluating whether a tooth can be restored. There is no ICHI code for a restorability-specific assessment, so the broader dental examination code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "712746000", "display" : "Total body electron beam therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.GA.BA", "display" : "Total body irradiation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.GA.BA is the only whole-body radiation code in ICHI and sits in the \"Interventions on whole body\" block, making it the closest structural match. However, it does not distinguish the electron beam modality (total skin electron beam therapy / TSEBT), so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172766000", "display" : "Total reconstruction of nose with bone graft and skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA covers nasal reconstruction broadly but does not encode the specific technique (bone graft combined with skin flap) or the total extent of the reconstruction, making it wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231410001", "display" : "Total replacement of hip joint using impaction bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated total hip arthroplasty code; MLJ.DN.AA is the closest assignable category in the hip joint block, covering the prosthetic implantation component of THA, but it does not capture the \"total replacement\" extent or the impaction bone graft technique, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1208352002", "display" : "Total thyroidectomy using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete thyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.JK.AA matches the core procedure — total excision of the thyroid gland — but lacks any means-axis encoding for robotic assistance; the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 (\"With robotic assistance\") could be appended to refine the mapping, but as a standalone code EBA.JK.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "392254000", "display" : "Trachelorrhaphy by vaginal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.MK.AC", "display" : "Other repair of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trachelorrhaphy is surgical suture/repair of a lacerated or torn cervix uteri performed via the vaginal route, which maps to repair of the cervix. The ICHI code NMF.MK.AC (\"Other repair of cervix\", transvaginal approach) is the closest match, but is broader as it covers any cervical repair technique, not exclusively the suturing method of trachelorrhaphy; NMF.MK.AC is preferred over the laparoscopic variant given the vaginal approach specified." }] }, { "code" : "55622001", "display" : "Tracheostomy, emergency procedure by transtracheal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.LI.AA covers tracheostomy in general; the SNOMED concept specifies an emergency, transtracheal (cricothyroid membrane) approach, which is a clinically distinct subtype not separately coded in ICHI. The percutaneous variant (JBA.LI.AE) does not match the transtracheal/surgical emergency context as well as the general tracheostomy code, so JBA.LI.AA is chosen as wider." }] }, { "code" : "438415006", "display" : "Trans-arterial hepatic radioembolization using yttrium-90 microspheres", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LA.AF is the closest available ICHI code — it covers endovascular embolisation via the abdominal/pelvic arterial tree, which is the procedural mechanism of trans-arterial radioembolization (TARE/SIRT). However, it is considerably wider: it does not specify the hepatic artery as the target, does not distinguish radioembolization from bland embolization, and makes no reference to yttrium-90 microspheres." }] }, { "code" : "713593003", "display" : "Transanal radiofrequency thermotherapy of anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SECCA procedure delivers radiofrequency energy to the anal sphincter muscle transanally to remodel collagen and treat fecal incontinence; KBX.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus) is the nearest structural match in the anus/anal canal block. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the radiofrequency modality, the sphincter-specific target, or the thermotherapy mechanism from other destructive interventions on the anus." }] }, { "code" : "265027007", "display" : "Transantral ethmoidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Ethmoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAH.JJ.AA captures ethmoidectomy as a procedure on the ethmoid sinus but does not encode the transantral (Caldwell-Luc / via maxillary sinus) approach; neither JAH.JJ.AA nor any other ethmoidectomy code in ICHI specifies that means axis, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept. JAH.JJ.AD (endoscopic ethmoidectomy) specifies a different approach and would be incorrect." }] }, { "code" : "232487002", "display" : "Transantral ligation of maxillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.LA.AA covers occlusion (which includes surgical ligation) of any artery of the head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the maxillary artery with a transantral (open Caldwell-Luc) approach. ICHI does not have a code specific to the maxillary artery or the transantral approach, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "231554000", "display" : "Transantral transethmoidal orbital decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FC.AA is the generic code for decompression of the orbit without specifying surgical approach; BAM.FC.AD (endoscopic) is also available but the transantral-transethmoidal approach is open/combined rather than purely endoscopic. The SNOMED concept is more specific in its combined transantral-transethmoidal approach, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "230954003", "display" : "Transantral vidian nerve neurectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vidian nerve (nerve of the pterygoid canal) is a peripheral autonomic nerve; its surgical section (neurectomy) corresponds to division of peripheral nerve (ACA.FB.AA). ICHI has no specific code for vidian/pterygoid canal nerve neurectomy or for the transantral approach, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "443887000", "display" : "Transapical implantation of aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transapical TAVI (TA-TAVI) is a transcatheter aortic valve replacement performed via a left ventricular apical puncture rather than a percutaneous vascular route; ICHI's HDE.DN.AE is the closest available code covering transcatheter aortic valve replacement, but it does not distinguish the transapical delivery approach, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231726001", "display" : "Transapical transcatheter implantation of bioprosthetic mitral valve prosthesis into mitral annuloplasty ring using fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This highly specific SNOMED concept describes a valve-in-ring TMVR via transapical approach with dual imaging guidance (fluoroscopy and TEE); HDF.DN.AE covers percutaneous transcatheter mitral valve replacement generically without capturing the transapical access, the annuloplasty ring target, the bioprosthetic prosthesis type, or the specific guidance modalities, making the ICHI code considerably wider." }] }, { "code" : "448396008", "display" : "Transarterial embolization", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transarterial embolization is an arterial endovascular occlusion technique; ICHI has specific codes per vessel territory (coronary, pulmonary, abdominal, etc.) but no single generic \"transarterial embolization\" code, so the NEC residual IZA.LA.AF is the closest generic match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any unspecified artery, while the SNOMED concept is itself a procedure type that could apply to many specific vessels." }] }, { "code" : "16475002", "display" : "Transcutaneous stimulation of bone growth", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AH", "display" : "Noninvasive placement of external device of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.DN.AH covers noninvasive device placement on bone at any (unspecified) site, which encompasses transcutaneous bone growth stimulation regardless of anatomical location. The ICHI code is wider because it includes any non-invasive external bone device, not solely electrical/ultrasonic growth stimulators, and does not specify the therapeutic purpose of fracture healing or non-union treatment." }] }, { "code" : "31942007", "display" : "Transection of greater occipital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The greater occipital nerve (C2) is a spinal/peripheral nerve, and ACA.FB.AA is the ICHI code for open division (transection) of a peripheral nerve. The mapping is wider because ICHI does not have a code specific to the greater occipital nerve — the target is all peripheral nerves — so the ICHI code covers the procedure type correctly but loses the anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "308292007", "display" : "Transfer of care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ (referral to health provider) is the closest ICHI concept, covering the organisational act of directing a patient to another provider or service. It is wider than \"transfer of care\" because referral encompasses initial outpatient referrals, whereas \"transfer of care\" more specifically implies handover of ongoing responsibility (e.g., inpatient transfer or discharge to another service), but ICHI has no more granular code for this distinction." }] }, { "code" : "239245001", "display" : "Transfer of patellar tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMT.LJ.AA covers transfer or transplantation of any tendon at the knee, which subsumes patellar tendon transfer as one specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the patellar tendon and encompasses all knee tendon transfers." }] }, { "code" : "30963003", "display" : "Transglottic catheterization of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC covers insertion of an endotracheal tube into the trachea, which is the standard procedure class that encompasses transglottic catheterization; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the transglottic route as the means of access." }] }, { "code" : "277237009", "display" : "Transillumination of maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Transillumination of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.AE.AC covers transillumination of paranasal sinuses as a class, which includes the maxillary sinus; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any paranasal sinus rather than specifically the maxillary sinus, and it carries an NEC qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "428811000", "display" : "Transjugular intrahepatic angioplasty of portal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.LG.AF covers transluminal dilatation of the portal vein by a percutaneous approach, which captures the angioplasty action on the correct target vessel; however, it does not encode the specific transjugular intrahepatic route (TIPS-type approach), making the ICHI code broader in approach than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429788001", "display" : "Transjugular intrahepatic thrombectomy of portal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.JE.AA represents extraction/removal of obstruction (thrombus) from the portal vein, which aligns with the thrombectomy action on the correct target; it does not specify the transjugular intrahepatic approach, so the ICHI code is wider in terms of approach specificity." }] }, { "code" : "425806003", "display" : "Translocation of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for macular/retinal translocation surgery; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the closest available code under the retina block, but it encompasses any retinal repair procedure, making it significantly broader than the specific surgical translocation technique described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438490000", "display" : "Transluminal dilation of aqueous outflow canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for Schlemm's canal dilation (canaloplasty); BBE.LI.AA is the closest conceptually, covering interventions that facilitate aqueous circulation in the anterior chamber, but it is a broad functional category that encompasses multiple techniques beyond transluminal canal dilation alone." }] }, { "code" : "175113001", "display" : "Transluminal insertion of aortic balloon pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AF", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated assignable code for IABP insertion specifically; HZZ.DN.AF covers percutaneous transluminal implantation of any cardiac assist device, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the intra-aortic balloon pump. The ICHI means extension \"Intraaortic balloon pump\" exists only as a device qualifier (no alphanumeric code), not as a standalone procedural category." }] }, { "code" : "232962000", "display" : "Transluminal insertion of intraventricular pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of left ventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An intraventricular pump (e.g. Impella/percutaneous VAD) is clinically synonymous with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device; HBA.DN.AF is the most specific ICHI code for transluminal VAD insertion into the left ventricle, though it is wider in that it does not distinguish specific pump types or include RVAD/biventricular variants implied by the generic SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "233085006", "display" : "Transluminal laser resection of left ventricular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.FA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation (PTMR) is the closest ICHI equivalent — it is a percutaneous laser-based myocardial procedure. However, ICHI describes it as revascularisation rather than resection of left ventricular muscle specifically, making the code wider and not capturing the distinct resection/myectomy aspect of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233060002", "display" : "Transluminal laser resection of right ventricular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.FA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transmyocardial revascularisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the left ventricular equivalent, HFD.FA.AF is the only percutaneous laser myocardial intervention in ICHI; it does not differentiate left from right ventricle and describes revascularisation rather than muscle resection, making it a wider but related match for this right ventricular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232963005", "display" : "Transluminal maintenance of intraventricular pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.SN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal management of cardiac assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.SN.AF is the only percutaneous transluminal device management code in ICHI for cardiac assist devices and directly captures the transluminal route and maintenance/management action; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all cardiac assist devices rather than specifically intraventricular pumps." }] }, { "code" : "233245005", "display" : "Transluminal operations on inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated inferior mesenteric artery code; IEA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which is the closest structural match for a transluminal intervention on the IMA. The SNOMED concept is broader (encompasses multiple transluminal operation types — angioplasty, stenting, embolization) and targets a specific named artery, while the ICHI code covers only dilatation across the entire abdominal/pelvic artery group, making ICHI wider in target scope but narrower in action scope; overall the relationship is wider (the ICHI category subsumes the specific vessel)." }] }, { "code" : "233244009", "display" : "Transluminal operations on superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the IMA concept above — ICHI has no SMA-specific procedure code, and the superior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal or pelvic artery group. IEA.LG.AF is the best available code for a transluminal (endovascular) intervention on the SMA, though it is wider in anatomical target and represents only dilatation rather than the full range of transluminal operations." }] }, { "code" : "232960008", "display" : "Transluminal removal of aortic balloon pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) removal code. HZZ.JD.AF is the closest match as it explicitly captures percutaneous transluminal removal of an internal device from the heart/great vessel region; the IABP resides in the aorta (a great vessel), but the ICHI code is an unspecified NEC catch-all that is wider than the specific IABP device type." }] }, { "code" : "15256002", "display" : "Transmyocardial revascularization by laser technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.FA.AA", "display" : "Transmyocardial revascularisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFD.FA.AA covers transmyocardial revascularisation as a general procedure without specifying the laser technique; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it identifies the laser as the means. The sibling codes HFD.FA.AB (thoracoscopic) and HFD.FA.AF (percutaneous) confirm that ICHI does distinguish approaches, but no laser-specific code exists, making this the closest available code and thus broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1365691006", "display" : "Transplantation of corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intrastromal ring segment transplantation; BBB.DL.AC (Insertion of corneal implant) is the closest structural match as it captures the insertion of a device into the cornea, but it is broader because it covers all corneal implant types and does not capture the allogeneic transplant or the intrastromal ring specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711446003", "display" : "Transplantation of kidney regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.KD.AA", "display" : "Kidney transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to a kidney transplantation \"regime\" — a care management protocol encompassing the full perioperative and post-transplant pathway — whereas ICHI NAA.KD.AA represents only the surgical transplantation procedure itself. The ICHI code is narrower in scope than the SNOMED regime concept, making the ICHI code wider from the SNOMED perspective (the regime subsumes the procedure)." }] }, { "code" : "234301001", "display" : "Transplantation of lymph collectors", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplantation of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents transplantation of lymphatic vessels broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets lymph collectors (the larger collecting lymphatics, a subset of lymphatic vessels). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715544005", "display" : "Transportation by ambulance with assistance of one person", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code for patient transportation and covers the act of transporting a person broadly. It does not capture the specific modality (ground ambulance), the number of assisting personnel, or any level of clinical escort detail, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715543004", "display" : "Transportation by ambulance with assistance of two people", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers transportation of a person generically and does not distinguish between ambulance transport and other vehicle types, nor does it encode the number of assistants required." }] }, { "code" : "715955003", "display" : "Transportation by commercial flight with stretcher facility", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for aeromedical or commercial-flight patient transport; PZB.TJ.ZZ is the closest available concept but loses all specificity regarding air transport mode, commercial carrier use, and stretcher configuration." }] }, { "code" : "715542009", "display" : "Transportation by emergency ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the general act of transporting a person but carries no information about emergency urgency, ground ambulance vehicle, or emergency clinical context present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715541002", "display" : "Transportation by fixed wing air ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for fixed-wing aeromedical transport; PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only applicable code but is substantially broader, encoding none of the aircraft type, air ambulance service, or associated clinical crew detail." }] }, { "code" : "715540001", "display" : "Transportation by helicopter air ambulance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers patient transport in general, with no distinction for the mode of transport (helicopter vs ground ambulance vs other). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies helicopter air ambulance as the transport modality." }] }, { "code" : "370857000", "display" : "Transporting according to individual needs", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ is the only ICHI code for patient transport and represents the same core act, but it does not encode the individualised-needs qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "441730008", "display" : "Transposition of ligament for stabilization of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LC.AA captures the functional outcome of the SNOMED concept — joint stabilisation at an unspecified site — but is broader in that it does not specify the mechanism (ligament transposition) and does not restrict to the ligament as the structure acted upon; no ICHI code exists for ligament transposition specifically." }] }, { "code" : "172179001", "display" : "Transposition of ligament of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for transposition of an orbital ligament specifically; BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) is the broadest reconstruction code available under the orbit target block and subsumes surgical repositioning/transposition of orbital soft-tissue structures, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "54224003", "display" : "Transposition of pharyngeal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transposition of pharyngeal tissue is a reconstructive procedure using locally moved tissue (e.g., pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency), and KAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx) is the closest available ICHI code; it is wider because it encompasses all methods of pharyngeal reconstruction, not only tissue transposition, and does not distinguish between nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sites." }] }, { "code" : "84072001", "display" : "Transposition of pterygium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pterygium transposition; the conjunctival block lacks a transposition or repositioning category. BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the closest available code, but it covers all conjunctival repair procedures and is broader than the specific act of surgically repositioning a pterygium." }] }, { "code" : "38646003", "display" : "Transposition of pterygium with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI offers no dedicated code for pterygium transposition with graft; BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac) is too anatomically restricted to the fornix, making BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) the broadest applicable match. The ICHI code does not capture either the transposition technique or the use of a graft." }] }, { "code" : "119663001", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for tissue transposition of the hand; LAE.ML.AA covers skin/subcutaneous tissue reconstruction for the entire upper limb (including hand) using ML (reconstruction/graft action), which is the closest procedural category, but it is broader because it encompasses the whole upper limb rather than the hand specifically and \"skin graft\" implies free transfer whereas transposition implies a pedicled local flap." }] }, { "code" : "449654006", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for tissue reconstruction of the lower limb skin/subcutaneous layer, but it is labelled \"skin graft\" (implying free graft) rather than transposition (pedicled local flap), making the ICHI concept slightly broader in scope though the target body region aligns well." }] }, { "code" : "120096007", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA is the only ICHI code covering tissue reconstruction at the orbital site; the target (orbit) matches, but the ICHI title is broad — encompassing any orbital reconstruction — while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes pedicled tissue transposition, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "119642003", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no shoulder-specific skin/soft-tissue reconstruction code; LAE.ML.AA (skin graft to upper limb) is the best available approximation as it covers skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb including the shoulder region, but it is broader in anatomical scope and describes grafting rather than pedicled transposition." }] }, { "code" : "231206009", "display" : "Transsacral local anesthetic nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve, which encompasses the transsacral route of delivery (blocking sacral nerve roots); ICHI does not distinguish the transsacral approach from other spinal nerve anaesthetic injections, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The sacral sympathetic nerve alternative (ADE.DC.AE) targets the autonomic rather than somatic nerve roots involved in a transsacral block, making ABN.DC.AE the better fit." }] }, { "code" : "278718004", "display" : "Transsphincteric incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transsphincteric incision is a surgical technique used in anorectal procedures (classically for anal fistula treatment) that involves cutting through the anal sphincter; KBX.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering incision of the anus and perianal tissue, but it does not specify the transsphincteric approach and applies to any anal/perianal incision, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "176288003", "display" : "Transurethral laser prostatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (prostate), action (prostatectomy), and transurethral approach precisely, but does not have a means axis value that specifies laser as the ablative instrument. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all transurethral endoscopic prostatectomies regardless of energy source." }] }, { "code" : "176097008", "display" : "Transurethral removal of lesion of ureteric orifice", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JI.AD", "display" : "Transurethral resection of bladder lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ureteric orifice is an anatomical subsite located within the bladder wall; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for this structure and classifies it under bladder interventions. NAI.JI.AD matches the transurethral approach and local excision of a lesion, but is broader because it applies to any bladder lesion, not specifically the ureteric orifice." }] }, { "code" : "68986004", "display" : "Transurethral resection of prostate, first stage of two stages", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.JJ.AD correctly encodes the target (prostate), action (prostatectomy), and transurethral approach. ICHI has no mechanism to represent staged procedure sequencing (first vs. second stage), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which carries that clinically significant staging qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "432787004", "display" : "Transvaginal ultrasonography for follicle monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.BA.AC", "display" : "Ultrasound of female genital tract, not elsewhere classified, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMS.BA.AC captures the transvaginal (\"per orifice\") ultrasound of the female genital tract, matching the route and imaging modality. However, the ICHI code does not encode the specific clinical purpose (follicle monitoring for ovarian stimulation), and the target is the general female genital tract rather than the ovaries specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "406184001", "display" : "Trauma therapy: child", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trauma therapy for children is a form of psychotherapy targeting stress and traumatic responses; SDJ.PQ.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader — it does not specify the paediatric population or the trauma-focused modality (e.g., TF-CBT, EMDR)." }] }, { "code" : "418207003", "display" : "Treatment administration by irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JA", "display" : "Irrigation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JA is the ICHI action-axis code for irrigation and represents the concept at its most general level; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is an axis value rather than a full target.action.means assignable code, and ICHI's specific irrigation codes all require a named anatomical target (e.g., bladder, colon, joint) that the SNOMED concept intentionally leaves unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "386329003", "display" : "Treatment of hypothermia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SD.BQ captures the core therapeutic action of rewarming the body in hypothermia treatment, but ICHI is slightly broader as it describes the warming action itself rather than the full clinical management of hypothermia as a condition. No dedicated \"treatment of hypothermia\" intervention exists in ICHI, making this the closest functional equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "423212001", "display" : "Trendelenburg positioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.LD.ZZ covers positioning of the whole body, which encompasses Trendelenburg positioning (head-down tilt), but the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any whole-body positioning and does not specify the head-down angle that defines the Trendelenburg position. No more specific code for Trendelenburg was found in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "119598006", "display" : "Trunk transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIN.LJ.AA", "display" : "Arterial switch operation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Trunk transposition\" (transposition of the great arteries) is a congenital cardiac malformation corrected by the arterial switch operation — the standard definitive surgical procedure for this defect. HIN.LJ.AA is the best available ICHI code, but it refers specifically to the arterial switch as one specific repair technique, whereas the SNOMED concept is the broader surgical act of transposing the great vessels, so ICHI is wider in that it names the canonical technique rather than the generic transposition procedure." }] }, { "code" : "233377005", "display" : "Tube graft abdominal aortic aneurysm - emergency", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a tube graft; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all reconstruction of the abdominal aorta without specificity for the tube graft configuration, the aneurysm indication, or the emergency setting." }] }, { "code" : "250727003", "display" : "Tubular maximal reabsorptive capacity measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering measurement of renal/urinary excretory function; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements rather than the specific tubular maximum (Tm) reabsorptive capacity test (e.g., glucose or phosphate Tm), and no dedicated tubular reabsorption test code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "43323006", "display" : "Turbidity test, qualitative", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A qualitative turbidity test is a physical/chemical urine examination; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest ICHI concept within the essential laboratory tests section, but it is wider as it covers the full scope of urine chemistry rather than specifically the qualitative turbidity assessment." }] }, { "code" : "2371008", "display" : "Tympanoplasty type II with graft against incus or malleus", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tympanoplasty type II is a specific reconstruction in which a graft is placed against the incus or malleus to restore sound conduction; CBF.ML.AC \"Ossicular chain reconstruction\" is the best available ICHI match but is broader, covering any ossicular reconstruction without specifying the graft position or the type II classification detail." }] }, { "code" : "47409006", "display" : "Tympanoplasty type III with graft against mobile and intact stapes", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tympanoplasty type III (myringostapediopexy) places a graft directly onto the intact stapes head; CBF.ML.AC \"Ossicular chain reconstruction\" covers this class of procedure but is broader, not distinguishing graft-to-stapes type III from other ossicular reconstructions." }] }, { "code" : "172696001", "display" : "Tympanoplasty using biological graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.ML.AC", "display" : "Reconstruction of tympanic membrane", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBB.ML.AC covers reconstruction of the tympanic membrane, which is the core of tympanoplasty, but it does not specify the use of a biological graft material. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all reconstructive approaches regardless of graft type." }] }, { "code" : "241491007", "display" : "Ultrasonography for antepartum monitoring of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound imaging of fetal structures, which is the core technique of antepartum fetal ultrasonography, but it does not encode the specific antepartum monitoring purpose; the SNOMED concept is narrower in intent (surveillance/monitoring context) while the ICHI code applies to any fetal ultrasound regardless of clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "836454007", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of breast using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the breast, which aligns with the core action (drainage via a percutaneous approach), but it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the specific fluid type (seroma), or the use of a seroma catheter; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "870256005", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's best available code covers catheter (device) insertion into a vein, but the SNOMED concept is not vein-specific and specifies ultrasound guidance which is not encoded in the ICHI base code; the ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only a subset of what the SNOMED concept describes while omitting the imaging-guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "1104451000000105", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous device insertion into breast) but is broader than the SNOMED concept in three respects: it does not specify ultrasound guidance as the means, does not identify the device as a magnetic marker, and does not encode laterality (left); laterality could be appended as an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1104461000000108", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the left-breast concept above — LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI code for percutaneous device insertion into breast but does not encode ultrasound guidance, the specific device type (magnetic marker), or right-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1290540008", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE is the best available ICHI match for this procedure; the code is broader because it omits ultrasound guidance, the specific device type (radiofrequency identifier tag), and left-side laterality, all of which are clinically specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290539006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same mapping as left-side concept; LCA.DL.AE covers the general procedure but is wider because it does not distinguish ultrasound guidance, the radiofrequency tag device type, or right-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1356873006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion, which encompasses the SNOMED concept, but does not specify the laser modality or ultrasound guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to laser energy and US guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1356875004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and thyroid target, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it does not specify the laser energy modality or ultrasound guidance; the ICHI code encompasses any percutaneous destruction method applied to thyroid tissue." }] }, { "code" : "1356876003", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.GA.AA is the most generic bone destruction code available in ICHI; it does not specify laser energy, percutaneous approach, ultrasound guidance, or restriction to neoplasm, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the best available match given that no site-specific or modality-specific bone ablation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1356890000", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of a breast lesion, matching the target, action, and approach of the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI does not encode the specific modality (laser ablation) or the imaging guidance (ultrasonography), making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1145042007", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided transperineal insertion of fiducial marker into prostate using transrectal ultrasonographic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.DL.AC correctly targets the prostate and uses the insertion-of-device action (DL), directly matching the core procedure. However, ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type (fiducial marker), the transperineal approach, or the transrectal ultrasound guidance, so the ICHI code is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "446208007", "display" : "Ultrasonography in second trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal/embryonic structures, which is the closest ICHI code to a second-trimester obstetric ultrasound. ICHI has no concept of gestational trimester, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to the second trimester." }] }, { "code" : "446353007", "display" : "Ultrasonography in third trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as second-trimester concept — NMR.BA.BJ is the best available ICHI code for obstetric ultrasound but carries no trimester specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to the third trimester." }] }, { "code" : "268445003", "display" : "Ultrasound scan - obstetric", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound of the fetal/embryonic structure, which is the core clinical purpose of an obstetric ultrasound scan; however, obstetric ultrasound can also assess uterine and placental structures that fall outside the \"fetal structure\" target, making the ICHI code broader as it does not distinguish further within obstetric ultrasound." }] }, { "code" : "363695005", "display" : "Ultraviolet light therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy as distinct from other phototherapy modalities; \"Whole body phototherapy\" is the closest in scope when no body region is specified, but it encompasses all phototherapy types and is thus broader than UV therapy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "176757001", "display" : "Upper female genital tract operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single code specifically for \"upper female genital tract\" (which encompasses uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries); the block BlockL4-NMA covers the entire female genital system and is the broadest appropriate grouping, with child blocks for each organ separately." }] }, { "code" : "870442006", "display" : "Urate lowering therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for urate-lowering or antihyperuricemic therapy; PZX.TI.ZZ is the nearest match but is a generic prescription code covering any pharmacotherapy, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to urate-lowering agents." }] }, { "code" : "447342007", "display" : "Ureteroscopic ablation of stricture of ureter using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of any ureter lesion or tissue, which encompasses laser ablation of a ureteral stricture via ureteroscopy; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the stricture as the target lesion type nor laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "236239008", "display" : "Urethral catheter procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethral catheterization is best represented by NAI.DL.AD (insertion of a device into the urinary bladder via the urethra/endoscopic route), but the SNOMED concept is vague (\"catheter procedure\" covers insertion, removal, irrigation, and replacement) while NAI.DL.AD captures only the insertion action." }] }, { "code" : "439354004", "display" : "Urethroplasy with skin graft for second stage hypospadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI category for urethroplasty; it is broader because ICHI does not differentiate the use of a skin graft, the staged nature of the repair, or the hypospadias indication, all of which are specific components of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "170874002", "display" : "Urinary disorder monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.AM.ZZ broadly covers ongoing surveillance of urinary function, which aligns with monitoring a urinary disorder; however, the ICHI code is wider as it applies to any urinary function observation rather than being specific to disorder monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "386486007", "display" : "Urinary elimination care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urinary elimination care\" is a specific nursing intervention focused on assisting a patient with voiding or continence; NT2.RB.ZZ covers the broader concept of any practical support for urinary functions, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "261559004", "display" : "Urinary reservoir bowel segment revision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urinary reservoir bowel segment revision is a surgical correction of a continent or incontinent urinary diversion constructed from bowel; NAI.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not specifically encode the bowel-segment nature or the revision context, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "70777001", "display" : "Urine specimen collection, catheterized", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB directly represents collection of a urine specimen, matching the core action; however, the SNOMED concept specifies that collection is performed via catheter (a specific means), which is not encoded in the ICHI code, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719241008", "display" : "Urostomy assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma not classified under gastrostomy, enterostomy, or tracheostomy, which fits a urostomy; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any unspecified stoma type, not specifically to a urinary/urostomy context." }] }, { "code" : "1345221000", "display" : "Urostomy bag adjustment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC represents management of a stoma not elsewhere classified, which is the closest available ICHI code for the hands-on adjustment of a urostomy appliance/bag; it is broader because it covers general stoma management rather than the specific act of bag/appliance adjustment on a urinary stoma." }] }, { "code" : "236995009", "display" : "Uterine massage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCS.PC.ZZ", "display" : "Massage of soft tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for uterine massage (a postpartum haemorrhage intervention targeting the uterine fundus). MCS.PC.ZZ is the closest match but is anatomically broader and does not capture the obstetric/haemostatic intent of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "285413004", "display" : "Uterine sounding", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AE.AC", "display" : "Digital examination of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for uterine sounding (passing a graduated probe through the cervix to measure uterine cavity depth). NME.AE.AC is the closest available code representing a physical exploratory assessment of the uterus, but it is broader and does not specify the instrument-based sounding technique." }] }, { "code" : "232965003", "display" : "VAD - Implantation of ventricular assist device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of biventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers generically to VAD implantation without specifying laterality, whereas ICHI requires side-specific codes (HBA.DN.AA left, HBB.DN.AA right, HBZ.DN.AA biventricular). HBZ.DN.AA is selected as a representative code but the generic SNOMED concept maps most broadly to the block containing all three laterality variants." }] }, { "code" : "36679009", "display" : "Vaginal cone irradiation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vaginal cone irradiation is a specific intracavitary brachytherapy technique using a vaginal cone applicator to irradiate the vaginal vault; ICHI has no radiotherapy-specific vaginal destruction code, so NMH.GA.AC (destruction of vaginal lesion, means unspecified) is the best available code but is broader, capturing all destruction modalities rather than radiation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233552008", "display" : "Vascular cannula replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vascular cannula replacement is a specific act of replacing a cannula within a blood vessel, which falls within the broader ICHI concept of managing a vascular device. No dedicated ICHI code exists for cannula replacement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "30904006", "display" : "Vascular surgery procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the circulatory system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vascular surgery procedure\" is itself a broad, non-specific grouping concept covering any surgical intervention on blood vessels; the best available ICHI representation is the unspecified residual for all circulatory system interventions." }] }, { "code" : "1204100003", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents bone grafts by anatomical site; MRB.ML.AA is the unspecified-site residual that best captures the graft procedure, but ICHI does not encode the microsurgical vascularized technique as a distinct axis value." }] }, { "code" : "765021002", "display" : "Vegetarian diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vegetarian diet is a specific prescribed eating pattern, but ICHI has no diet-specific code; VEA.TI.ZZ covers any prescription for eating behaviours and is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "28898009", "display" : "Venous cutdown", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Venous cutdown is a surgical technique involving deliberate incision of a vein to insert a cannula for vascular access; IZD.FA.AA captures the core act of incising a vein but is broader because it encompasses any vein incision and does not imply subsequent cannulation." }] }, { "code" : "44482009", "display" : "Ventilating tube removal by another physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from tympanic membrane", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBB.JD.AC covers removal of an internal device from the tympanic membrane, which matches removing a ventilating (tympanostomy) tube; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish between tube removal and other foreign body removal, nor capture the \"by another physician\" context." }] }, { "code" : "410210009", "display" : "Ventilator care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the best available ICHI match for ongoing ventilator care management, as ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the clinical management/monitoring component distinct from the ventilation act itself." }] }, { "code" : "438477007", "display" : "Ventricular restoration procedure of heart using prosthetic patch graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of left ventricle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI concept to ventricular restoration (Dor procedure); both involve surgical reshaping/reconstruction of the left ventricle, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify use of a prosthetic patch graft." }] }, { "code" : "57881009", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to cisterna magna", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA directly represents a ventricular shunt procedure but does not specify the destination of the shunt (cisterna magna), whereas the SNOMED concept is a specific ventriculocisternal shunt variant." }] }, { "code" : "243374001", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to mastoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA captures the core procedure but does not specify the mastoid as the distal drainage site. No ICHI code encodes the mastoid-specific destination." }] }, { "code" : "17200002", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA represents a ventricular shunt generically without specifying the nasopharynx as the drainage terminus; no ICHI code exists for this rare destination variant." }] }, { "code" : "91643002", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculo-ureteral shunting is an uncommon CSF diversion; ICHI has no code that specifies ureter as the distal target." }] }, { "code" : "75240005", "display" : "Ventricular shunt to venous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculo-venous shunting (including ventriculoatrial and ventriculojugular variants) is subsumed under the generic AAE.LI.AA; ICHI does not distinguish the venous system as the specific destination." }] }, { "code" : "342960005", "display" : "Ventriculoatrial anastomosis with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ventriculoatrial shunt with valve is a specific form of ventricular shunt; AAE.LI.AA is the closest assignable category and is broader as it does not specify the atrial destination or the valve mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "68683005", "display" : "Ventriculocisternal intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculocisternal intubation is a specific type of ventricular shunt that diverts CSF from a brain ventricle to the cisterna magna; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific target site." }] }, { "code" : "243129003", "display" : "Ventriculomastoid anastomosis with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculomastoid anastomosis with valve is a CSF-diversion procedure connecting the cerebral ventricle to the mastoid cavity via a valve; AAE.LI.AA is the best available match but is broader, capturing neither the mastoid target nor the valve specification." }] }, { "code" : "27613000", "display" : "Ventriculopleural shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculopleural shunt diverts CSF from the cerebral ventricle to the pleural cavity; ICHI does not have a specific code for this pleural destination variant." }] }, { "code" : "77665000", "display" : "Ventrohysteropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventrohysteropexy is a specific uterine suspension procedure in which the uterus is fixed to the anterior abdominal wall; NME.LC.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it encompasses all uterine suspension techniques." }] }, { "code" : "287350001", "display" : "Vessel resection and replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"resection and replacement\" composite code for unspecified blood vessels; IZE.ML.AA is the closest match but is broader because it covers any blood vessel and any reconstructive technique rather than specifically resection with interposition graft/replacement." }] }, { "code" : "840285005", "display" : "Vestibular evoked myogenic potential test", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of vestibular functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CTE.AC.ZZ covers testing of vestibular functions in general; the VEMP is a specific electrophysiological test of the saccular/utricular vestibular pathway, so the ICHI code is broader than this precise diagnostic modality." }] }, { "code" : "103727006", "display" : "Vestibular nerve section", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vestibular nerve is a cranial nerve, and AAN.FB.AA for division of cranial nerve is the correct action-type match; the code is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve rather than specifically the vestibular nerve." }] }, { "code" : "3421000175104", "display" : "Video screen time assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digital technology use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digital technology use behaviours broadly, which includes but is not limited to screen time; the SNOMED concept is more specific (video screen time only), making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1351345002", "display" : "Viscocanalostomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Viscocanalostomy is a non-penetrating glaucoma procedure that facilitates aqueous outflow by dilating Schlemm's canal with viscoelastic; ICHI has no laterality distinction in the base code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351352000", "display" : "Viscocanalostomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the left-eye counterpart — viscocanalostomy maps to facilitation of circulation in the anterior chamber, but ICHI does not encode laterality within the base code." }] }, { "code" : "361237004", "display" : "Vitamin B12 absorption test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Vitamin B12 absorption test (Schilling test) is a functional test of intestinal absorptive capacity; KT2.AC.ZZ is considerably broader, covering any unclassified digestive system function test rather than B12 absorption specifically." }] }, { "code" : "361238009", "display" : "Vitamin B12 isotope studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vitamin B12 isotope studies (typically the Schilling test using radiolabelled B12) involve whole-body radioisotope detection; PZA.BA.BE captures the radioisotope imaging modality but is broader in scope, not restricted to B12 or gastrointestinal absorption studies." }] }, { "code" : "401129008", "display" : "von Willebrand screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Von Willebrand factor testing assesses haemostatic (haematological) function, and DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match; however, it is substantially broader than a specific von Willebrand factor assay." }] }, { "code" : "793111000000105", "display" : "Vulnerable child assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for child safeguarding or vulnerability-specific assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, targeting the whole person) is the closest structural match, but it is considerably broader, covering any comprehensive health assessment rather than one specifically focused on identifying risk factors and vulnerabilities in children." }] }, { "code" : "58059003", "display" : "Washing RBC for transfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the act of transfusing blood or blood products as a single undifferentiated code (DIA.DG.AF) without distinguishing preparation methods such as washing/leukoreduction; washing RBCs is a pre-transfusion processing step not separately classified, so the closest code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229572000", "display" : "Wax treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wax treatment (paraffin bath) is a specific superficial heat modality applied to peripheral body parts; ICHI encodes it under the broader concept of warming of peripheral body temperature using heat as the means (BQ), which captures the thermal intent but is not restricted to the wax/paraffin modality specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243174005", "display" : "Weaning from mechanically assisted ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a discrete code for the weaning process specifically; JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation) is the closest code within the respiratory function block and encompasses the management of mechanical ventilation including its cessation, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of weaning/withdrawal from mechanical support." }] }, { "code" : "86665000", "display" : "Wedging of clubfoot cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wedging a clubfoot cast is a specific serial casting technique targeting the foot joints to correct talipes equinovarus; MOJ.LC.AH covers application of external immobilisation to any joint of the foot or toe, making it broader than this specific corrective wedging procedure. No ICHI code for clubfoot-specific casting or cast wedging exists." }] }, { "code" : "388978005", "display" : "Weight gain regimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions related to weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A weight gain regimen is a specific prescriptive plan to increase body weight (e.g., for underweight or post-illness patients), while KTN.PN.ZZ covers advising about weight management functions more broadly in either direction; no ICHI code is specific to weight gain as opposed to weight loss or maintenance, making this the closest available but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "388977000", "display" : "Weight increase consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A weight increase consultation is a specific clinical encounter focused on counselling a patient about gaining weight, whereas KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management generally (gain, loss, or maintenance); this is the closest ICHI match but is broader than the direction-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "388970003", "display" : "Weight maintenance consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A consultation focused on weight maintenance is most closely represented by counselling for weight management; however, the ICHI code covers all weight management goals (maintenance and reduction), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped only to maintenance." }] }, { "code" : "718361005", "display" : "Weight management program", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KTN", "display" : "Interventions on weight maintenance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A weight management program is a multi-component intervention encompassing counselling, education, practical support, and follow-up, which aligns best with the entire KTN block rather than any single assignable leaf code; the block is broader because it also subsumes assessment and testing codes not part of the program concept." }] }, { "code" : "388975008", "display" : "Weight reduction consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a consultation specifically aimed at weight reduction, whereas KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management in general (including maintenance), making the ICHI code broader in scope; no dedicated weight-reduction consultation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "225058007", "display" : "Well person screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Well person screening\" is a structured health check of an asymptomatic individual to detect unrecognised disease or risk factors; ICHI PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — whole person target, assessment action) is the broadest and best-fitting code for this concept. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any general health assessment, not only the specific preventive/wellness-screening context implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "424184006", "display" : "Wheelchair tolerance assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Wheelchair tolerance assessment\" is a specific clinical evaluation of a patient's ability to sit in and use a wheelchair for defined periods; UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any assistive product for personal mobility and transportation (including wheelchairs), making it broader than the specific tolerance-evaluation purpose in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "25179006", "display" : "Whole blood unit collection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Whole blood unit collection\" is the specific therapeutic/donation act of collecting a full unit of whole blood; DIA.JH.AF covers this exactly in procedure type but is wider because it also includes collection of plasma, platelets, and other blood products beyond whole blood." }] }, { "code" : "241387003", "display" : "Whole body radioiodine I123 study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scanning of the whole body in general, which semantically contains this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific radioisotope agent (I-123 iodine) nor indicate this is a thyroid or oncology study. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1343383000", "display" : "Wire splinting of teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wire splinting of teeth involves applying a wire (an external dental appliance/device) to stabilise teeth, which falls within the scope of KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device); however, this ICHI code is broader as it covers all dental device applications and does not specify wire splinting specifically." }] }, { "code" : "288088005", "display" : "Wound repair skin-plasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated skin-plasty or wound-plasty code; LZZ.MK.AA captures skin repair procedures not classifiable to a specific body region, but is broader because it encompasses any unclassified skin repair rather than specifically the plastic reconstruction technique implied by \"skin-plasty.\"" }] }, { "code" : "171827003", "display" : "Woven prosthetic graft to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a procedure class, which aligns with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish graft material type (woven prosthetic vs. autograft vs. allograft), making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "167202006", "display" : "Xylose absorption test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the D-xylose absorption test; the closest match is the broad \"Assessment of digestive functions\" (KTE.AA.ZZ), which encompasses any assessment of digestive system function but does not specify the xylose challenge methodology or the small intestinal absorption target." }] }, { "code" : "233374003", "display" : "Y graft of abdominal aortic aneurysm - emergency", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA covers open reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and is the best structural match for a Y-graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but it is broader in two ways: it does not specify the bifurcated (Y-graft/aorto-bifemoral) configuration, and ICHI has no mechanism to encode the emergency urgency qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "833324006", "display" : "Yttrium aluminum garnet laser vitreolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vitreous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.GA.AA (Destruction of vitreous) captures the target (vitreous body) and action (destruction/lysis of floaters) but is broader because ICHI does not specify the Nd:YAG laser means — the means axis equivalent for laser is not differentiated from other destructive modalities in this code." }] }, { "code" : "274964005", "display" : "Zancolli reconstruction stage 1", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Zancolli stage 1 is specifically a volar plate capsulorrhaphy of the metacarpophalangeal joints to correct claw hand deformity; MGJ.MK.AA (repair of finger or hand joint) is the closest structural match but is considerably broader, covering any joint repair of the hand without capturing the eponymous technique, the specific pathology, or the staged nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "274965006", "display" : "Zancolli reconstruction stage 2", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Zancolli stage 2 adds a tendon transfer component (typically flexor digitorum superficialis lumbrical replacement) to the capsulorrhaphy performed in stage 1; MGT.LJ.AA captures the dominant operative component of this stage but is far broader, omitting the joint capsule element, the staged context, and the specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "236914009", "display" : "Zygote intrafallopian transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.DH.AB", "display" : "Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.DH.AB is the dedicated ICHI category for reproductive transfer procedures performed on the fallopian tube, which directly encompasses ZIFT; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also covers gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and other fallopian tube transfer techniques, not just zygote-specific transfer." }] }, { "code" : "104629009", "display" : "11-deoxycorticosteroids challenge tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for dynamic challenge or provocation testing of adrenocortical steroid precursors; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as a functional assessment of the adrenal cortex, but it is far broader than this specific pharmacological challenge protocol measuring 11-deoxycorticosteroid responses." }] }, { "code" : "104606001", "display" : "11-deoxycortisol challenge tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the 11-deoxycorticosteroids challenge test, this metyrapone-based provocation test measuring 11-deoxycortisol (compound S) has no specific ICHI counterpart; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available approximation as a generic assessment of endocrine gland function, but it lacks any specificity for the particular steroid intermediate, the pharmacological challenge method, or the adrenocortical axis being evaluated." }] }, { "code" : "764977005", "display" : "24 hour radionuclide imaging of whole body using radioisotope labeled human immunoglobulin G", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE directly captures a radioisotope (nuclear) imaging study of the whole body, which is the core of this procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the 24-hour acquisition window or that the radiopharmaceutical used is radiolabeled human immunoglobulin G (IgG); those details are lost in the mapping." }] }, { "code" : "409091002", "display" : "24 hour urine measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering measurement of urinary excretory functions, which aligns with 24-hour urine collection and quantitative measurement. It is wider because it does not specify the timed (24-hour) collection method, and the SNOMED concept implies a specimen-collection-and-assay workflow rather than just a functional measurement." }] }, { "code" : "413013000", "display" : "24 hour urine screening for urinary stone formation measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ is again the best available fit, as the procedure involves quantitative measurement of urinary excretory analytes (oxalate, calcium, citrate, uric acid, etc.) related to stone-forming risk over 24 hours. The ICHI code is wider because it does not convey the nephrolithiasis-risk screening intent, the timed collection, or the specific analyte panel measured." }] }, { "code" : "108189003", "display" : "Abdomen excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JI.AA", "display" : "Excision of intra-abdominal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAK.JI.AA is the closest ICHI match for excision within the abdomen (NOS), but it is scoped to lesion excision rather than being a generic abdomen excision category; the SNOMED concept is a broader grouping that would include organ-specific excisions as well." }] }, { "code" : "108188006", "display" : "Abdomen incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FA.AA", "display" : "Laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laparotomy is the standard ICHI representation of abdominal incision and falls under the \"Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified\" block. The SNOMED concept is a topographic grouping broader than laparotomy alone (it would include organ-specific incisions), so the equivalence is wider." }] }, { "code" : "62665005", "display" : "Abdominal aorta-iliac artery Dacron bypass graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.LI.AA", "display" : "Abdominal aortic bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.LI.AA captures the abdominal aortic bypass procedure which is the core of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the iliac artery as a second target, nor the specific graft material (Dacron/prosthetic), making the ICHI code broader than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119808009", "display" : "Abdominal artery closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Closure\" of an abdominal artery maps most closely to occlusion of the abdominal or pelvic artery; however, IEA.LA.AA covers the broader abdominal/pelvic artery category and does not distinguish which specific artery is closed or the precise technique (ligation vs. other), making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236989008", "display" : "Abdominal delivery for shoulder dystocia", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abdominal delivery for shoulder dystocia is a caesarean section performed for the specific indication of shoulder dystocia; NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery generally without encoding the indication, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26993008", "display" : "Abdominal esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LI.AA represents oesophagostomy in general; the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominal approach specifically, which ICHI does not distinguish, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234258002", "display" : "Abdominal lymph nodes sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lymph nodes sampling\" (sentinel or excisional sampling for histological analysis) corresponds closely to a biopsy/partial excision of an abdominal/pelvic lymph node, and DFF.AD.AA is the best ICHI match; however, the ICHI code covers both abdominal and pelvic nodes while the SNOMED concept specifies abdominal only, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "265421003", "display" : "Abdominal repair of levator ani muscles", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for repair of the levator ani muscle specifically; PAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum) is the closest available code since the levator ani forms the muscular core of the pelvic floor/perineum, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept which names the levator ani and specifies the abdominal approach." }] }, { "code" : "236996005", "display" : "Abdominal uterine fundal massage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCS.PC.ZZ", "display" : "Massage of soft tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Uterine fundal massage is a specific postpartum technique applied to the uterine fundus through the abdominal wall to stimulate uterine contraction; no ICHI code exists for uterine massage specifically. MCS.PC.ZZ captures the manual massage action on the trunk/abdominal region but is anatomically and clinically broader, covering any soft tissue trunk massage rather than the targeted uterine fundal procedure." }] }, { "code" : "177251005", "display" : "Abdominolipectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abdominolipectomy (surgical removal of excess skin and subcutaneous fat from the abdomen) is a form of partial excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, and LAB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any partial excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue and does not specify the abdominal location or the combined skin-and-fat resection nature of a lipectomy." }] }, { "code" : "1365993007", "display" : "Abdominoplasty with plication of anterior rectus sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a more specific variant of abdominoplasty that includes surgical plication (folding/tightening) of the anterior rectus sheath fascia; PAL.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code, as the plication of the rectus sheath is a structural abdominal wall reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader since it does not differentiate this specific combined skin-excision-plus-fascial-plication procedure from other forms of abdominal wall reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "432422008", "display" : "Ablation of cyst of kidney using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any lesion or tissue of the kidney, which encompasses the SNOMED concept's cyst-specific ablation; however, it does not encode the ultrasound guidance (which would be an ICHI extension) nor restrict the target to a cyst, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446584005", "display" : "Ablation of neoplasm of urinary bladder using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AA captures destruction of any lesion or tissue of the bladder, which correctly encompasses neoplasm ablation, but does not encode the laser means (ICHI has no laser-specific bladder destruction code) and is not restricted to neoplasm, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440619008", "display" : "Ablation of ventricular arrhythmogenic focus with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AA", "display" : "Ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AA covers open (non-percutaneous) ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which aligns with the surgical approach implied by cardiopulmonary bypass in the SNOMED concept; however, it is broader because it does not specifically target a ventricular arrhythmogenic focus and does not encode the cardiopulmonary bypass component (a separate ICHI code PSA.DD.AF exists for that, appendable as an extension)." }] }, { "code" : "443667004", "display" : "Ablative resurfacing of skin of entire face using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's nearest match is destruction of skin of head or neck (which encompasses the face), but the code does not distinguish laser as the means nor limit the target to the face alone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept in both target extent and unspecified means." }] }, { "code" : "443220008", "display" : "Ablative resurfacing of skin of eyelid using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated eyelid destruction code, which correctly captures the anatomical target, but it does not specify laser as the means and its title references \"lesion\" rather than the whole skin surface, making it broader and slightly inexact relative to ablative laser resurfacing of eyelid skin." }] }, { "code" : "443150005", "display" : "Ablative resurfacing of skin of lip using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated destruction of lip code that correctly captures the anatomical target, but it does not specify laser as the means or distinguish skin surface from deeper lip tissue, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370883005", "display" : "Abuse prevention education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abuse prevention education aligns with the violence-related behaviour education category in ICHI; the unspecified (VB1) code is used because \"abuse\" spans multiple subtypes (family, child, community violence) and the SNOMED concept does not restrict to one subtype." }] }, { "code" : "370884004", "display" : "Abuse prevention management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VB1", "display" : "Interventions on violence-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code for \"abuse prevention management\" as a programme; the best fit is the violence-related behaviours block, which is broader in scope (covering all violence types and all action modalities). The SNOMED concept is a management programme targeting abuse/violence prevention, and no more precise assignable ICHI category spans that full concept without being residual or lacking a URI." }] }, { "code" : "722482005", "display" : "ABVD chemotherapy regimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no cancer-specific or regimen-specific chemotherapy codes; the closest assignable code is the generic \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified,\" which covers any pharmacotherapy delivery. The SNOMED concept refers to a highly specific four-drug cytotoxic regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma, making the ICHI code considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1163366004", "display" : "Accelerated resolution therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Accelerated Resolution Therapy is a specific named psychotherapy technique (using voluntary image replacement and eye movements) primarily targeting trauma and PTSD, which falls within the domain of stress and psychological demands. ICHI's code covers any psychotherapy for stress/psychological demands without capturing the specific ART technique, making it a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "833275006", "display" : "Accelerometry", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Whole body measurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Accelerometry is the objective measurement of whole-body acceleration/movement using a sensor device, and ICHI has no dedicated code for it. \"Whole body measurement\" is the closest available code, capturing the general concept of a non-invasive whole-body physical measurement, but it is considerably broader and encompasses many measurement types beyond accelerometry." }] }, { "code" : "229385003", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Mobilisation of ankle joint\" is a strong match for the anatomical site and the general intervention type; however, the SNOMED concept specifies \"accessory\" mobilization (passive joint-play technique) as distinct from physiological mobilization, a distinction ICHI does not make, so the ICHI code is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "229424003", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the costal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for costal joint (costochondral, costovertebral, or sternocostal) mobilisation — the MCB block covers only bone of thoracic cage with no PB.AH entry. MRJ.PB.AH is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified joint rather than specifically the costal joint." }] }, { "code" : "229391001", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe, which encompasses the SNOMED concept of accessory mobilisation of the foot. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it includes toe joints and does not distinguish \"accessory\" (passive physiological) technique from other mobilisation approaches." }] }, { "code" : "229375004", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.PB.AH is a precise anatomical match for hip joint mobilisation. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not distinguish \"accessory\" (passive accessory movement) technique from other mobilisation methods; the means axis AH (external device/manual) does not further differentiate technique subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "229386002", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the inferior tibiofibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the inferior (distal) tibiofibular joint — XA2K81 identifies it as an extension anatomy code but no PB.AH category exists for it. MNJ.PB.AH is the closest structural match since the distal tibiofibular joint is anatomically part of the ankle complex, but it is broader in that it covers the entire ankle joint rather than specifically the tibiofibular articulation." }] }, { "code" : "229378002", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.PB.AH is a precise anatomical match for knee joint mobilisation. As with the other mobilisation codes in this set, the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not capture the \"accessory\" (passive accessory movement) technique distinction that the SNOMED concept conveys." }] }, { "code" : "229420007", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the sacroiliac joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacroiliac joint is a joint of the pelvic region, so MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific available ICHI mobilisation code applicable; however, the ICHI code covers all joints of the pelvic region (including the pubic symphysis and hip), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which names only the sacroiliac joint." }] }, { "code" : "229381007", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the superior tibiofibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no mobilisation code specific to the tibiofibular joint — the lower leg joint block (MNJ) covers only the ankle joint, and the tibiofibular joint is anatomically distinct. MRJ.PB.AH is the residual \"unspecified site\" mobilisation category and is the best available fit, though substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229428000", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAJ.PB.AH is the most specific ICHI mobilisation code for the TMJ area; the TMJ is a joint of the head/neck, but the ICHI code covers all head and neck joints rather than being TMJ-specific, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "107812004", "display" : "Accessory sinus destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAE", "display" : "Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for destruction of a paranasal (accessory) sinus — the closest specific codes cover obliteration of the frontal sinus (JAG.LA.AA) or sinusectomy (JAE.JJ.AA), but neither maps cleanly to a generic \"destructive procedure\" across all accessory sinuses. The parent block BlockL5-JAE is the broadest reasonable ICHI grouping covering all non-specific paranasal sinus interventions, and is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252172005", "display" : "Acid load test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acid load test (ammonium chloride loading with serial urine pH/titratable acid measurement) is a functional test of renal tubular acidification, which falls within measurement of urinary excretory functions; however, NTC.AB.ZZ is substantially broader and covers all urinary excretory function measurements, not specifically the acid load protocol." }] }, { "code" : "252302004", "display" : "Acidified glycerol lysis test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT) is a diagnostic test of red cell membrane fragility used in hereditary spherocytosis screening, which is a test of haematological system function; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best-fitting assignable category but is far broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than this specific osmotic/lysis assay." }] }, { "code" : "726604000", "display" : "Acitretin therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Acitretin is an oral systemic retinoid drug therapy; PZA.DB.AC captures oral (per orifice) administration of pharmacotherapy to an unspecified body target, which subsumes acitretin therapy but is far broader, covering any orally administered drug." }] }, { "code" : "48423005", "display" : "Acoustic reflex testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Acoustic (stapedial) reflex testing is a specific objective audiological test measuring the stapedius muscle contraction reflex, but ICHI encodes it only at the broader category of \"Test of hearing functions\" (CTB.AC.ZZ); tympanometry (CBB.AC.AC) is a related but distinct middle-ear measurement, making CTB.AC.ZZ the best available — though wider — fit." }] }, { "code" : "248114003", "display" : "Actions to lose weight", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KTN", "display" : "Interventions on weight maintenance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single code capturing \"actions to lose weight\" as a generic concept; the block BlockL5-KTN covers the full range of weight management interventions (counselling, advising, practical support, education), making it the best encompassing match. Individual child codes such as KTN.PP.ZZ or KTN.RB.ZZ are each narrower than the SNOMED concept, so the parent block is the closest broader fit." }] }, { "code" : "234871006", "display" : "Activate removable orthodontic appliance spring", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for activating a removable orthodontic spring; KAE.SM.AC covers management of external dental appliances and is the closest structural match within the teeth intervention block. It is broader because it encompasses any external tooth appliance management, not just spring activation on removable orthodontic devices." }] }, { "code" : "241740008", "display" : "Active warming of patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SD.BQ represents warming of central (core) body temperature, which aligns well with the clinical intent of actively warming a patient (e.g., to treat hypothermia), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify that the warming is actively applied by a clinician nor distinguish active from passive warming techniques." }] }, { "code" : "304492001", "display" : "Activities of daily living assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self-care broadly, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to ADL assessment; ICHI's \"self care\" scope (bathing, dressing, toileting) is slightly narrower than the full ADL construct but the ICHI code is the best available match at a wider level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "370885003", "display" : "Activities of daily living management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"ADL management\" in clinical practice means facilitating or supporting a patient's ability to perform daily living tasks — this maps most closely to SM1.RB.ZZ (practical support with self care), which is the ICHI action for hands-on assistance/management of self-care activities; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers general self-care support rather than the full ADL domain." }] }, { "code" : "370863009", "display" : "Activity care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Activity care assessment\" in the SNOMED sense is a clinical evaluation of a patient's ability to perform activities, which aligns with ICHI's SDA.AA.ZZ (assessment of undertaking tasks under the general tasks and demands domain); the ICHI code is wider because \"undertaking tasks\" is a broader construct than targeted assessment of activity care capacity." }] }, { "code" : "304674000", "display" : "Activity of daily living education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Activity of daily living education\" maps well to education about self care in ICHI, as ADL training is a core component of self-care interventions. The ICHI code is slightly broader because \"self care\" in ICHI encompasses all self-care activities (washing, dressing, toileting, etc.) and is not limited to the educational action alone, though the .PM action axis (\"Education\") and the self-care target align closely with the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "430884008", "display" : "Activity therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Activity therapy\" is a broad therapeutic modality using purposeful activities (art, music, recreation, ADL) to improve function; ICHI has no dedicated \"activity therapy\" code, but SZZ.ZZ.ZZ covers unspecified interventions across the entire activities and participation domain, making it the closest available residual code. The ICHI code is broader because it is a catch-all residual covering any unspecified activity/participation intervention, not specifically a therapeutic modality." }] }, { "code" : "231081007", "display" : "Acupuncture and allied techniques", "target" : [{ "code" : "SP", "display" : "Acupuncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code SP covers acupuncture specifically, but the SNOMED concept \"Acupuncture and allied techniques\" is broader, encompassing related practices such as moxibustion, dry needling, and acupressure (SB); there is no single ICHI code that groups all these allied techniques together, so SP is the best available match but does not capture the full scope of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231102004", "display" : "Acupuncture with electrical stimulation of needle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SP.AE", "display" : "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents acupuncture via percutaneous approach (AE means axis = percutaneous), which correctly captures needle insertion, but does not distinguish electrical stimulation from other forms of needle stimulation. The means axis encodes the delivery route rather than the stimulation modality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231101006", "display" : "Acupuncture with manual stimulation of needle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SP.AE", "display" : "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the percutaneous approach but does not distinguish manual needle stimulation from other acupuncture techniques, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231103009", "display" : "Acupuncture with thermal stimulation of needle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SP.AE", "display" : "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thermal stimulation of the needle (e.g., warm needling or electrothermal acupuncture) is a distinct modality from moxibustion (PZX.SQ.AH, which applies heat externally without inserting a needle), so the percutaneous acupuncture code is the best fit, but it remains broader as the stimulation type is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "722334000", "display" : "Adalimumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adalimumab is a specific biologic (TNF-alpha inhibitor) administered subcutaneously, but ICHI has no drug-specific codes; UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest available concept and is considerably broader, covering all medication provision regardless of drug class or route." }] }, { "code" : "6622009", "display" : "Add clasp to existing partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adding a clasp to an existing partial denture is a specific modification of a removable dental prosthesis; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) covers management/adjustment of external dental appliances and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader than the specific act of adding a clasp retainer." }] }, { "code" : "119953007", "display" : "Adenoid incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for incision of the adenoid (the DAB block lacks a .FA incision category, unlike the tonsil block which has DAA.FA.AC); the parent block BlockL5-DAB (Interventions on adenoid) is assigned as the best available approximation, though it is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "234868003", "display" : "Adjust fixed functional appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management (including adjustment) of external dental appliances at the tooth level, which encompasses a fixed functional appliance adjustment. However, it is broader than this SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to fixed or functional appliance types specifically." }] }, { "code" : "816981005", "display" : "Adjust fixed orthodontic expansion appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management/adjustment of external dental appliances on teeth; it does not distinguish orthodontic expansion appliances specifically, making it broader than this narrowly defined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "816983008", "display" : "Adjust fixed retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of external appliances at the tooth level and is the best available ICHI match for retainer adjustment, but it is broader because it does not specify fixed retainers or the adjustment action type." }] }, { "code" : "234830000", "display" : "Adjust intraoral appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest ICHI code for intraoral appliance adjustment, capturing management of external dental appliances at the tooth level; it is broader because it does not specify the intraoral scope or adjustment action and could include appliances other than those classified as intraoral." }] }, { "code" : "234860005", "display" : "Adjust orthodontic archwire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management/adjustment of any external dental appliance, which includes orthodontic archwires; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all external tooth appliances, not specifically to orthodontic archwire adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "1269404007", "display" : "Adjustment of clinical plan to accommodate social risk", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning — whole person) is the closest ICHI match for modifying a clinical plan based on a patient's social circumstances; it is broader because it covers all individualised planning activities and does not specifically encode the social risk dimension or the concept of adjusting an existing plan." }] }, { "code" : "286560000", "display" : "Adjustment of implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "SN", "display" : "Management of internal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Management of internal device\" (action axis SN) is the closest conceptual match for generic implant adjustment, but it is broader — it covers all management of internal devices across any body site and includes activities beyond mere adjustment. No body-system-specific \"adjustment of implant\" category exists at the general level in ICHI; only site-specific examples like KBF.SN.AA (stomach) exist." }] }, { "code" : "302613003", "display" : "Adjustment of implanted antireflux prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An implanted antireflux prosthesis (e.g. a magnetic sphincter augmentation device or similar) sits at the gastro-oesophageal junction and is classified under oesophageal interventions in ICHI. KBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus) is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers all oesophageal internal-device management, not specifically antireflux prosthesis adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "22895003", "display" : "Adjustment of lid position", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's eyelid block (BlockL5-BAA) contains no dedicated code for lid position adjustment (covering ptosis correction, ectropion/entropion repair, etc.); BAA.MK.AA \"Repair of eyelid\" is the nearest available category and subsumes eyelid positional corrections, but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440510003", "display" : "Adjustment of special footwear", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Adjustment of special footwear\" is a modification/alteration of an assistive product used in daily living; UAD.KB.ZZ captures this category of intervention but is considerably broader, covering any change to daily-living products. No ICHI code specific to therapeutic footwear adjustment or orthotic modification exists — \"Therapeutic footwear\" appears only as an extension/modifier concept, not as an assignable intervention code." }] }, { "code" : "1354567001", "display" : "Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An aqueous drainage device (e.g., Ahmed or Baerveldt glaucoma implant) resides in or communicates with the anterior chamber of the eye, and adjusting its stent suture is a form of managing that internal device. BBE.SN.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it covers any management of an anterior-chamber device and does not distinguish the specific suture-adjustment technique." }] }, { "code" : "172421008", "display" : "Adjustment to corneal suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adjusting a corneal suture (e.g., tightening or rotating a suture after keratoplasty to correct astigmatism) is an intervention on the cornea that falls under the general concept of corneal repair; BBB.MK.AA is the closest assignable code but is substantially broader, encompassing all forms of corneal repair rather than the specific act of suture adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "450863009", "display" : "Adjustment to extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Adjustment to extraocular muscle\" refers to a post-operative suture adjustment procedure (typically after strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures) which is an intervention on an extraocular muscle; BDA.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any repair of an extraocular muscle rather than the specific adjustable-suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "1259201000", "display" : "Adjuvant drug therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to adjuvant drug therapy (i.e., supplementary systemic treatment given alongside primary therapy, typically in oncology); PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying route, which is broader and does not capture the adjuvant (supportive/supplementary) intent of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269401004", "display" : "Administration of adrenergic receptor agonist", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to adrenergic receptor agonists or any sympathomimetic drug class; the closest available code is PZA.DB.AZ, which covers pharmacotherapy administration without specifying route or drug type. This is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular pharmacological class." }] }, { "code" : "116865006", "display" : "Administration of albumin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to albumin infusion; albumin is a blood-derived plasma protein, making DIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products) the closest structural match within the haematopoietic/blood interventions block. The ICHI code is broader, covering all blood and blood products, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to albumin specifically." }] }, { "code" : "52685006", "display" : "Administration of analgesic", "target" : [{ "code" : "??.DB.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy for pain, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does have pain-specific pharmacotherapy codes under the pain target block (AXA), but each is tied to a specific route (oral, intravenous, percutaneous, transdermal); the residual code \"Pharmacotherapy for pain, NEC\" best captures the general concept of analgesic administration regardless of route. The ICHI code is still broader since it encompasses any pain pharmacotherapy rather than a specific drug class." }] }, { "code" : "47943005", "display" : "Administration of anti-infective agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no codes for administration of anti-infective, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agents; the only comparable codes are the immunological agent administration series (DTB.DB.*), which are specifically scoped to immunomodulators and vaccines, not anti-infectives. PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the least-specific fallback and is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67329000", "display" : "Administration of antidote", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for antidote administration specifically; PZA.DB.AZ covers drug administration to the whole body without specifying drug class or route, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to antidotes." }] }, { "code" : "736701009", "display" : "Administration of antipruritic", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no antipruritic-specific administration code; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code but is considerably broader, encompassing any drug rather than the antipruritic drug class specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709541000", "display" : "Administration of antipyretic", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No antipyretic-specific administration code exists in ICHI; PZA.DB.AZ covers general pharmacotherapy administration without specifying drug class or route, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "27513008", "display" : "Administration of antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific antitoxin administration code; PZA.DB.AZ is the best available generic match covering pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body, but does not capture the antitoxin-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "735998009", "display" : "Administration of bisoprolol", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no drug-specific codes; bisoprolol (a beta-blocker typically given orally) maps to the generic pharmacotherapy administration code, which is broader as it covers all drugs and all unspecified routes rather than oral administration of one specific agent." }] }, { "code" : "1335765007", "display" : "Administration of carbon dioxide via inhalation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for carbon dioxide inhalation; the closest match is administration of a substance per orifice (which covers inhalational routes), but this code is broader as it encompasses all substances given via any body orifice and does not specify carbon dioxide or inhalation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "735999001", "display" : "Administration of carvedilol", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no drug-specific codes; carvedilol (a beta-blocker/alpha-blocker typically given orally) maps to the generic unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration code, which is broader as it covers all drugs regardless of route." }] }, { "code" : "5326009", "display" : "Administration of dermatologic formulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy is the best available ICHI match for administration of a dermatologic formulation, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers all topical pharmacotherapy to the whole body rather than specifically dermatologic preparations applied to skin." }] }, { "code" : "444635008", "display" : "Administration of Digitalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for digitalis (cardiac glycoside) administration. PZA.DB.AZ is the broadest whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code with unspecified route, which covers the act of administering a drug systemically but is far broader, applying to any pharmacotherapy rather than digitalis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "764863008", "display" : "Administration of dipyridamole", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to dipyridamole (an antiplatelet/vasodilator agent); DTA.DB.AE (injection of anticoagulant) was considered but dipyridamole is not an anticoagulant and its route is unspecified here. PZA.DB.AZ captures the general act of administering a systemic pharmacotherapy with unspecified route, which is the best available match despite being much broader." }] }, { "code" : "386351006", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament via enteral tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for enteral tube drug administration specifically; PZA.DB.AC (\"per orifice\") is the closest match as enteral tube delivery (nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunal) delivers medication through a body orifice or artificial opening into the GI tract, but the ICHI code is broader as it covers all per-orifice pharmacotherapy routes." }] }, { "code" : "386352004", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament via epidural route", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specifically for epidural drug administration; ABG.DB.AE (injection into spinal canal) is the best available match as the epidural space is within the spinal canal and the act is a percutaneous injection into that space, though the ICHI code is broader (encompassing intrathecal and other spinal canal injections, not just epidural) and does not specify the drug substance administered." }] }, { "code" : "433205004", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament via intrapleural route", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.DB.AD", "display" : "Injection into thoracic cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes this at the level of the thoracic cavity rather than the pleural space specifically, making the ICHI code broader; the intrapleural route is a subset of thoracic cavity injection and no pleural-specific drug instillation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "386359008", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament via oral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The oral route is the canonical example of per-orifice drug administration, but the ICHI code also encompasses other orifice routes (e.g., rectal, vaginal, nasal), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies oral only." }] }, { "code" : "386350007", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament via otic route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Otic (ear canal) drug administration is a per-orifice route and maps to the same ICHI code as other orifice routes; no otic-specific pharmacotherapy delivery code exists in ICHI, so the per-orifice code is the best available match though broader." }] }, { "code" : "1217003001", "display" : "Administration of estrogen receptor antagonist therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hormone antagonist or antiestrogen therapy; PZA.DB.AZ represents generic systemic pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route, which is broader than the specific drug class (estrogen receptor antagonist) captured by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "572211000119108", "display" : "Administration of heat treated rabies immune globulin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rabies immune globulin (HRIG) is typically administered intramuscularly (a percutaneous route), making DTB.DB.AE the closest route-matched code; however, the ICHI code covers all immunological agents administered percutaneously and does not capture the specificity of rabies-targeted passive immunisation with a heat-treated product." }] }, { "code" : "65541007", "display" : "Administration of hormone", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hormone administration; hormones are pharmacological agents and PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route unspecified) is the broadest available category covering systemic drug administration, though it encompasses all pharmacotherapy far beyond hormones specifically." }] }, { "code" : "870534008", "display" : "Administration of human anti-D immunoglobulin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rh immune globulin) is an immunological agent typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly; DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of any immunological agent but does not specify the anti-D product or the Rh prophylaxis indication, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "830155008", "display" : "Administration of hyperthermic antineoplastic agent into peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.BQ", "display" : "Hyperthermic administration of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.BQ specifically captures the hyperthermic modality of pharmacotherapy delivery, which is the defining feature of HIPEC, but its target is coded as \"whole body\" rather than the peritoneal cavity specifically; the SNOMED concept is more anatomically precise (intraperitoneal route) so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "830156009", "display" : "Administration of hyperthermic antineoplastic agent into thoracic cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.BQ", "display" : "Hyperthermic administration of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the peritoneal cavity variant, PZA.DB.BQ is the only ICHI code that captures hyperthermic pharmacotherapy delivery, but it classifies the target as whole body rather than the thoracic cavity specifically; the SNOMED concept is more anatomically precise so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "16292691000119104", "display" : "Administration of intramuscular inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to Japanese encephalitis vaccine or to intramuscular vaccination; DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination) is the best fit since intramuscular injection is a percutaneous route in ICHI's means axis, but the code covers all percutaneous vaccinations regardless of antigen, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "880063008", "display" : "Administration of intranasal sedation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to intranasal route or sedation as a drug class; PZA.DB.AC covers administration of pharmacotherapy via any orifice (including nasal), making it the closest structural match, though it is broader — covering all drugs given per any orifice, not sedatives specifically via the nasal route." }] }, { "code" : "225948006", "display" : "Administration of laxative", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laxatives are most commonly administered orally (per orifice) or rectally (also per orifice); ICHI has no dedicated code for laxative administration, and PZA.DB.AC is the best structural fit, though it covers all drugs given per any orifice rather than laxatives specifically." }] }, { "code" : "416188006", "display" : "Administration of muscle relaxant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Muscle relaxants are a specific class of pharmacotherapy, but ICHI has no code for this drug class specifically. PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration at an unspecified route, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the drug class (muscle relaxant) without specifying route." }] }, { "code" : "736001000", "display" : "Administration of nebivolol", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nebivolol (a beta-1 selective blocker) is a single named drug and ICHI does not code at individual drug level. PZA.DB.AZ for unspecified-route pharmacotherapy administration is the closest available match, but is substantially broader than this SNOMED concept for a specific agent." }] }, { "code" : "709542007", "display" : "Administration of nutritional supplement", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DA.ZZ covers administration of nutritional requirements where the specific means is not classified elsewhere, which broadly encompasses nutritional supplementation but is not specific to the concept of a discrete supplement product; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all forms of unclassified nutritional administration." }] }, { "code" : "182929008", "display" : "Administration of prophylactic drug or medicament", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy to the whole body with no specified route, which broadly matches drug/medicament administration, but ICHI does not capture the prophylactic (preventive) intent specified in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "266715005", "display" : "Administration of prophylactic steroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Steroid (corticosteroid) administration is a form of pharmacotherapy and PZA.DB.AZ is the closest available ICHI code, but it is much broader — covering all pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class or indication — and does not encode the prophylactic intent or the specific drug class." }] }, { "code" : "572391000119109", "display" : "Administration of rabies vaccine via intramuscular route", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination) covers vaccination delivered via a percutaneous route, which includes intramuscular injection, but the ICHI code does not specify the antigen (rabies), making it broader; it is nonetheless the best available match as vaccines are immunological agents and the route (percutaneous/IM) aligns." }] }, { "code" : "439792001", "display" : "Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intraarticular route", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.DB.AE covers injection of any substance into a joint at an unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept in two dimensions: it does not specify the substance as a radiopharmaceutical, and it does not restrict to a particular joint. No ICHI code exists that combines a radiopharmaceutical agent with an intraarticular route; this is the closest structural match (intraarticular administration via percutaneous injection, AE means)." }] }, { "code" : "439852005", "display" : "Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intracavitary route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for intracavitary radiopharmaceutical administration; the intracavitary route (e.g. pleural, peritoneal, bladder) is not captured by a single cross-cutting code because it depends on the target cavity. PZA.DB.AZ represents non-specific pharmacotherapy administration and is the broadest pharmacotherapy administration code, covering the intent of delivering a pharmacological/therapeutic agent when no route-specific or substance-specific code applies — it is significantly wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439851003", "display" : "Administration of radiopharmaceutical agent via intravenous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for intravenous administration of a radiopharmaceutical specifically; while PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous) and PZA.DB.AF (percutaneous transluminal) exist and the .AF means axis covers IV-like routes, none explicitly encodes intravenous radiopharmaceutical delivery. PZA.DB.AZ is the best available catch-all for pharmacotherapy administration where the exact route or substance is not classified elsewhere, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1264372005", "display" : "Administration of radioprotective agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for radioprotective agents (cytoprotective drugs given before/during radiation to protect normal tissue); the closest concept is generic pharmacotherapy administration. PZA.DB.AZ is the most appropriate match as it covers administration of a pharmacological agent without specifying substance class or route, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169406002", "display" : "Administration of radiosensitizing drug", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not classify radiosensitizers (drugs that enhance tumour sensitivity to radiation) as a distinct intervention category; there is no code distinguishing the purpose or class of the pharmacological agent. PZA.DB.AZ represents the closest available generic pharmacotherapy administration code, and is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the substance class (radiosensitizer) and clinical intent." }] }, { "code" : "117089007", "display" : "Administration of Respiratory Syncytial virus immune globulin, human", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "RSV immune globulin (RSV-IVIG) is an immunoglobulin preparation given intravenously, which falls squarely within \"intravenous administration of immunological agent.\" The ICHI code is broader because it covers all immunological agents given IV, not specifically RSV-IVIG." }] }, { "code" : "1179729003", "display" : "Administration of sarilumab", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sarilumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection, classifying it as an immunological agent; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all percutaneous immunological agent administrations regardless of the specific drug or indication." }] }, { "code" : "105409009", "display" : "Administration of spiritual profile test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spiritual profile test is a standardised instrument for assessing a patient's spiritual/religious dimension, which corresponds well to \"test of engaging in religion and spirituality\" in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any such test, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to administering a profiling instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1255539004", "display" : "Administration of strontium ranelate", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Strontium ranelate is an oral drug for osteoporosis, but ICHI has no code for this specific agent or even for oral administration of musculoskeletal pharmacotherapy at the whole-body level. PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code, but it is broader as it captures no specifics about the agent, route, or indication." }] }, { "code" : "431952007", "display" : "Administration of substance via buccal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The buccal route delivers a substance through the mucosal lining of the mouth — an orifice — which aligns with PZA.DB.AC \"Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice.\" However, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any orifice (oral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, etc.) and is not restricted to the buccal route specifically." }] }, { "code" : "433066006", "display" : "Administration of substance via sublingual route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sublingual route places a substance under the tongue for absorption through oral mucosa, which falls under administration per orifice. As with the buccal concept, PZA.DB.AC is broader since it is not specific to the sublingual route and covers all orifice-based administration." }] }, { "code" : "432907007", "display" : "Administration of substance via urethral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethral drug administration (e.g., instillation of medication into the urethra) uses an orifice as the route of delivery, fitting under PZA.DB.AC \"Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice.\" No ICHI code specific to urethral instillation of a therapeutic substance exists; the urethra-specific codes in the NAM block are surgical interventions, not drug delivery." }] }, { "code" : "1179723002", "display" : "Administration of tocilizumab", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor inhibitor (a biological/immunological agent) most commonly administered intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF a reasonable match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given IV and does not specify the drug, route alternative (subcutaneous tocilizumab), or indication." }] }, { "code" : "572431000119104", "display" : "Administration of typhoid VI capsular polysaccharide vaccine via intramuscular route", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intramuscular injection is classified under the percutaneous (AE) means axis in ICHI, making DTB.VD.AE the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any percutaneous vaccination regardless of specific vaccine antigen (typhoid Vi polysaccharide) or precise route (intramuscular vs. other percutaneous routes)." }] }, { "code" : "709543002", "display" : "Administration of vitamin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for vitamin administration; vitamins fall under nutritional substances, and PZA.DA.ZZ is the broadest catch-all for administering nutritional requirements when no more specific code applies, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to vitamins." }] }, { "code" : "1285294004", "display" : "Administration via gastroenteral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the gastroenteral (enteric tube/nasogastric) route specifically; PZA.DB.AC covers administration per orifice (oral, nasogastric, gastrostomy, etc.) and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the gastroenteral route regardless of substance type, while this ICHI code is also restricted to pharmacotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "1285247007", "display" : "Administration via oral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AC covers administration via any body orifice (oral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, etc.), while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the oral route. The ICHI means axis code AC is defined as \"Per orifice,\" making this code broader than the oral-only SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1285254001", "display" : "Administration via subcutaneous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AE covers all percutaneous administration of pharmacotherapy, which includes subcutaneous, intradermal, and intramuscular routes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the subcutaneous route only." }] }, { "code" : "305270007", "display" : "Admission by clinical physiologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept of hospital admission differentiated by the admitting clinician's specialty. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) captures the administrative act of directing a patient to a health provider, but is broader because it does not specify the admitting professional type (clinical physiologist) or that the act constitutes a formal inpatient admission." }] }, { "code" : "305324002", "display" : "Admission by community-based midwife", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for admission specifically by a community-based midwife. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the closest match as it represents the act of routing a patient to a health provider, but does not capture the midwifery or community-based context." }] }, { "code" : "305271006", "display" : "Admission by dermatologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish admissions by clinician specialty. UEP.TI.ZZ covers the general act of referral to a health provider but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a dermatologist as the admitting clinician." }] }, { "code" : "305272004", "display" : "Admission by endocrinologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for specialty-specific admission. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the nearest administrative equivalent but lacks the specificity of the SNOMED concept, which identifies the admitting clinician as an endocrinologist." }] }, { "code" : "305328004", "display" : "Admission by enrolled nurse", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no mechanism to represent admissions by nursing grade or role. UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) covers the general patient-to-provider routing act but is broader, omitting the enrolled nurse role specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305230000", "display" : "Admission by GP", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral/admission to a health provider in general, but does not specify that the admitting clinician is a GP. ICHI has no axis for the type of referring/admitting clinician, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305325001", "display" : "Admission by hospital-based midwife", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ covers referral/admission to a health provider generically; it cannot encode that the admitting clinician is a hospital-based midwife, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305277005", "display" : "Admission by infectious diseases physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ represents a generic referral/admission action with no capacity to specify the infectious diseases specialty of the admitting physician, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305240002", "display" : "Admission by intensive care specialist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ covers admission/referral to a health provider in general; ICHI does not encode the admitting clinician's specialty (intensive care), so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305278000", "display" : "Admission by medical ophthalmologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ represents a generic referral/admission without encoding that the admitting clinician is a medical ophthalmologist; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "372079001", "display" : "Adrenal imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBC", "display" : "Interventions on adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only modality-specific adrenal imaging codes (EBC.BA.BB angiography, EBC.BA.BE nuclear imaging) with no generic \"adrenal imaging\" category; the parent block BlockL5-EBC covers all adrenal interventions and is broader than imaging alone, making it the closest grouping available but still wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "423895006", "display" : "Adult admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) captures the assessment nature of an admission evaluation, but is broader — it does not specify the inpatient admission context, the adult population, or the structured multi-domain scope typical of an admission assessment." }] }, { "code" : "424074007", "display" : "Adult rehabilitation admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers general health assessment of the whole person, which encompasses the concept of a structured admission assessment in a rehabilitation setting, but is broader in that it is not specific to rehabilitation contexts or the admission phase of care. No ICHI code captures the rehabilitation-specific or admission-specific dimensions of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "424505000", "display" : "Adult rehabilitation continuous assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for an ongoing whole-person assessment in a rehabilitation context, but is broader as it does not distinguish between admission and continuous/ongoing assessment phases, nor is it scoped to rehabilitation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "171302002", "display" : "Adult screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Adult screening\" in SNOMED refers to a preventive health screening encounter for adults; the closest ICHI concept is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which is broader as it covers any health assessment and is not restricted to screening or to adults." }] }, { "code" : "185655002", "display" : "Adult screening - first recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A first-recall screening visit (repeat invitation following an initial screen) is a follow-up screening encounter; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available approximation as a whole-person health assessment, though it does not capture the recall/follow-up or screening-specific nature of the visit. ICHI has no concept for screening recall." }] }, { "code" : "185656001", "display" : "Adult screening - second recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the first recall: a second-recall screening encounter has no direct ICHI equivalent, and PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available approximation, covering the whole-person assessment encounter but lacking the recall sequence and screening-programme specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "185657005", "display" : "Adult screening - third recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on screening behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to a specific administrative act — a third recall notification to an adult for a screening programme — which has no dedicated ICHI code. VDB.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on screening behaviours, unspecified) is the closest available code in the screening behaviours block, but is broader as it encompasses any unspecified action related to screening behaviour rather than the specific recall-notification step." }] }, { "code" : "713603004", "display" : "Advance care planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Advance care planning is a process of documenting a person's future healthcare preferences and goals; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) under \"Interventions on whole person\" is the best available match, but it is broader — it covers any individualised care plan, not specifically end-of-life or advance directive planning." }] }, { "code" : "422972009", "display" : "Advance diet as tolerated", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Advance diet as tolerated\" is a clinician order to progressively liberalise a patient's diet according to their tolerance; the closest ICHI concept is UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food), which captures the prescriptive/ordering nature of the act, but is broader since it does not encode the progressive or tolerance-dependent character of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "410152005", "display" : "Advanced practice nursing care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifies an assessment performed by an advanced practice nurse, implying a comprehensive, clinician-level evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) under \"Interventions on whole person\" captures the comprehensive nature of the assessment but is broader because ICHI does not encode the practitioner type (advanced practice nurse) or the clinical discipline performing the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "373352000", "display" : "Advancement of eyelid muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LK.AA", "display" : "Advancement of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a code specifically for advancement of extraocular muscle, which is the same procedure and same action (LK = advancement/lengthening). However, BDA.LK.AA refers to extraocular muscles broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies eyelid muscle (e.g., levator palpebrae), making ICHI slightly broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "234654007", "display" : "Advancement of mucosa of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for mucosal advancement of the lip specifically; KAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip) is the nearest assignable category covering surgical correction of lip tissue, under which a mucosal advancement flap would typically be coded. The ICHI code is broader, covering all lip repair techniques rather than the specific advancement of mucosa." }] }, { "code" : "264581005", "display" : "Advancement of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Advancement of the vagina is a reconstructive procedure that repositions vaginal tissue, which falls within vaginal reconstruction; however, NMH.ML.AC is a residual \"other\" reconstruction code that is broader than the specific advancement technique, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "22144002", "display" : "Aerosol or vapor inhalation for sputum induction for diagnostic purposes", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AH.XC", "display" : "Specimen collection of sputum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AH.XC captures the outcome (sputum specimen collection from the bronchial/lower respiratory tract target) and the diagnostic purpose, but does not encode the specific technique of aerosol or vapour inhalation used to induce sputum production, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "288834001", "display" : "Agreeing on care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Individualised planning\" (planning action TB on the whole person PZB) is the closest match — it covers the creation of a person-centred health plan. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically captures the shared agreement/negotiation aspect of establishing a care plan with a patient." }] }, { "code" : "425649004", "display" : "Alar reconstruction with cartilage graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific sub-procedure — reconstruction of the nasal ala using a cartilage graft — which ICHI does not represent at that level of granularity. \"Reconstruction of nose\" (JAA.ML.AA) is the best available match but is broader, covering all nasal reconstructions regardless of site or graft material." }] }, { "code" : "720175009", "display" : "Alcohol harm reduction program", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VAA", "display" : "Interventions on alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code corresponding specifically to a \"harm reduction program\" for alcohol; the closest match is the block BlockL4-VAA which covers all interventions targeting alcohol use behaviours. A harm reduction program is a multi-component intervention spanning several VAA.* codes (e.g., counselling, training, provision of goods, advising), so the block as a whole is wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "707166002", "display" : "Alcohol reduction program", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VAA", "display" : "Interventions on alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An alcohol reduction program is a structured multi-component intervention; ICHI does not have a single code for a reduction program but the block BlockL4-VAA encompasses all intervention types targeting alcohol use behaviours, making it a broader but best-fitting match." }] }, { "code" : "720176005", "display" : "Alcohol relapse prevention program", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Alcohol relapse prevention programs typically involve structured psychotherapeutic interventions targeting alcohol use behaviours, which aligns well with VAA.PQ.ZZ. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours, not specifically relapse prevention programs, and a program would also likely involve elements like counselling (VAA.PP.ZZ) and training (VAA.PH.ZZ) not captured in a single code." }] }, { "code" : "252174006", "display" : "Aldosterone stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An aldosterone stimulation test is a functional provocation test of the adrenal cortex (an endocrine gland), making ETK.AA.ZZ the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is substantially broader, covering assessment of any endocrine gland function rather than this specific hormone stimulation protocol." }] }, { "code" : "252173000", "display" : "Aldosterone suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An aldosterone suppression test is likewise a functional evaluation of adrenal cortical (endocrine gland) secretory capacity, mapping to the same broad ICHI assessment code ETK.AA.ZZ. ICHI does not distinguish between stimulation and suppression variants, nor does it have codes at the level of individual hormones." }] }, { "code" : "876850004", "display" : "Alexander technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercises for the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Alexander technique is a somatic education method focused on improving postural habits, movement patterns, and neuromuscular coordination through guided practice — most closely approximated in ICHI by PZB.PG.ZZ (assisting and leading exercises for the whole person). The ICHI code is broader and does not capture the specific pedagogical and sensorimotor re-education nature of the Alexander technique." }] }, { "code" : "385799004", "display" : "Allergic reaction control assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses evaluating allergic reaction control; the ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to allergic reactions and does not distinguish \"control\" monitoring from any other immunological assessment." }] }, { "code" : "58332002", "display" : "Allergy education", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no allergy-specific education code; DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about the immunological system broadly, which encompasses allergy as an immunological dysfunction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on allergy education." }] }, { "code" : "116372002", "display" : "Allogeneic bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the bone grafting procedure but does not encode graft origin (allogeneic/autologous/xenogeneic) as a distinguishing axis, so the best available code is the unspecified-site bone graft, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying both an allogeneic source and an unspecified anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "232973007", "display" : "Allotransplant of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's Heart transplantation code captures the procedure precisely but does not distinguish graft origin (allograft vs. other), so it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an allogeneic donor; in clinical practice virtually all heart transplants are allotransplants, making this a very close but technically wider match." }] }, { "code" : "174802006", "display" : "Allotransplant of heart and lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart-lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Heart-lung transplantation in ICHI precisely captures the combined organ procedure but does not encode the allogeneic donor qualifier, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept; otherwise the procedural content is an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "173278008", "display" : "Allotransplantation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.KD.AC", "display" : "Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.KD.AC covers transplantation of a tooth or tooth bud without distinguishing donor type, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes allotransplantation; ICHI does not encode this donor-type distinction, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "734489005", "display" : "Altered auditory feedback", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Altered auditory feedback (AAF) is a specific technique used primarily to improve speech fluency in people who stutter, which maps most closely to training fluency and rhythm of speech functions. JUF.PH.ZZ is broader because it covers the therapeutic goal without specifying the AAF technique." }] }, { "code" : "225286008", "display" : "Alternating the patient's position", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Alternating the patient's position\" is a specific nursing intervention of repeatedly repositioning a patient, while SHA.RA.ZZ covers the broader act of performing the task of changing body position; ICHI does not distinguish repetitive/scheduled alternating from a single change." }] }, { "code" : "1156669008", "display" : "Ambrisentan therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ambrisentan is an oral endothelin receptor antagonist used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension; there is no ICHI code for this specific drug or its pharmacological class, so UAC.RD.ZZ is the broadest applicable code covering the act of dispensing/administering a medication." }] }, { "code" : "370873006", "display" : "Ambulation therapy management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Training in walking\" is the closest ICHI code for ambulation therapy. However, SNOMED's \"ambulation therapy management\" is broader — it encompasses clinical oversight, goal-setting, and coordination of the walking/mobility programme, whereas ICHI's code focuses specifically on the training action itself." }] }, { "code" : "252244008", "display" : "Amino acid consumption test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An amino acid consumption test is a specific provocation test where a defined amino acid load is administered and the metabolic response is measured. ICHI's \"Provocation test, not elsewhere classified\" is the best available code, but it is broader as it covers any unspecified provocation test." }] }, { "code" : "437481000124109", "display" : "Amino acid modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An amino acid modified diet is a clinically prescribed, specialised dietary intervention, making \"Prescription of food\" the most appropriate ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any food prescription rather than specifically a diet modified in amino acid composition." }] }, { "code" : "717855001", "display" : "Amiodarone therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Amiodarone is a specific antiarrhythmic drug; its therapeutic use is best represented in ICHI by \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" — the act of prescribing a pharmaceutical agent. The ICHI code is broader, covering prescription of any pharmacotherapy rather than the specific antiarrhythmic drug management." }] }, { "code" : "236956008", "display" : "Amnioinfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection or infusion into amnion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.DB.AE covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of route, while the more specific code NMM.DB.AC restricts to the transcervical approach only; since SNOMED's \"Amnioinfusion\" is route-unspecified, the broader NMM.DB.AE is the better fit, though slightly wider by also encompassing injections." }] }, { "code" : "168115006", "display" : "Amniotic fetal cell study", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.XE", "display" : "Fluid specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An amniotic fetal cell study is performed on fluid obtained by amniocentesis; NMM.AH.XE captures the specimen collection step but does not encode the downstream cytogenetic/cell analysis component, making it broader in procedure scope and missing the study/analysis element." }] }, { "code" : "168083008", "display" : "Amniotic fluid examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.XE", "display" : "Fluid specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.AH.XE represents the collection of amniotic fluid, which is a prerequisite for examination, but the ICHI code does not capture the analytical/examination component of the procedure; the ICHI code is therefore wider than (and only partially covers) the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180086006", "display" : "Amputation of duplicate thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for removal of a duplicate (supernumerary) thumb; MGB.JN.AA captures the anatomical site and the amputation action, but is broader as it does not specify the duplicate/supernumerary nature of the thumb." }] }, { "code" : "239589000", "display" : "Amputation of finger through distal phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single amputation code covering any bone of the hand or finger and does not subdivide by phalanx level; the SNOMED concept is more specific (distal phalanx), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "239587003", "display" : "Amputation of finger through middle phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish amputation level within the finger; \"Amputation of bone of hand or finger\" covers all finger amputations regardless of phalanx level, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "239585006", "display" : "Amputation of finger through proximal phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only a single finger/hand bone amputation code without distinguishing the proximal phalanx level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "397117006", "display" : "Amputation of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes lower limb amputations at a specific anatomical level (above knee, below knee) but has no single generic \"lower limb amputation\" code; the residual NEC code MZZ.JN.AA is the best available match for an unspecified-level lower limb amputation, though broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "180016001", "display" : "Amputation of phalanx of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JN.AA covers amputation of any bone of the hand or finger (including metacarpals and thumb phalanges), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the phalanx of a (non-thumb) finger; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "239580001", "display" : "Amputation of thumb through distal phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no thumb-specific or phalanx-level-specific amputation code in ICHI; MGB.JN.AA is the best available match covering amputation of any bone of the hand or finger, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239578007", "display" : "Amputation of thumb through proximal phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no thumb-specific or level-specific phalanx amputation code; MGB.JN.AA covers all bone amputations of the hand or finger and is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180018000", "display" : "Amputation through phalanx of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JN.AA is the closest ICHI code for trans-osseous finger amputation but covers all bones of the hand and finger (not just phalanges of non-thumb fingers), making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "79648003", "display" : "Anal cryptectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.JI.AC", "display" : "Transanal local excision of anal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anal cryptectomy is the local excision of one or more crypts of Morgagni, which fits the concept of transanal local excision of an anal structure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any anal lesion, not specifically to crypts." }] }, { "code" : "61902006", "display" : "Anal pectenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pectenotomy is an incision through the pecten band at the dentate line to relieve anal stenosis, which falls within the ICHI concept of incision of anus and perianal tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any incisional procedure on the anus rather than the specific pecten structure." }] }, { "code" : "359941005", "display" : "Anal sphincterorrhaphy for obstetrical laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus broadly, which captures the sphincterorrhaphy (suture repair of the sphincter); however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific target of the anal sphincter muscle from the anus generally, nor does it encode the obstetric laceration context." }] }, { "code" : "89770003", "display" : "Anal sphincterotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.FA.AA is the closest available ICHI code for anal sphincterotomy, as sphincterotomy is an incision into the sphincter; however, ICHI does not offer a code specifically targeting the anal sphincter muscle (as opposed to general anal/perianal tissue), making the match wider than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241715001", "display" : "Analgesic technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AXA", "display" : "Interventions on pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Analgesic technique\" is a broad category encompassing all methods of pain relief; the ICHI block \"Interventions on pain\" is the corresponding organisational grouping that spans assessment, pharmacological administration, physical, and psychological interventions for pain." }] }, { "code" : "4520009", "display" : "Anastomosis of esophagus, antesternal or antethoracic, with insertion of prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LB.AA covers oesophageal anastomosis in general, but the SNOMED concept specifies two additional elements — the antesternal/antethoracic routing and the concurrent insertion of a prosthesis — neither of which is represented in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "233371006", "display" : "Anastomosis of intracranial vasculature", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LB.AA covers anastomosis of the intracranial artery specifically, while the SNOMED concept refers to intracranial vasculature more broadly (which could include veins and other vessels in addition to arteries). The ICHI code is therefore narrower in target scope, making the mapping wider from SNOMED's perspective." }] }, { "code" : "303566003", "display" : "Anastomosis of pharynx to stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for pharynx-to-stomach anastomosis specifically; KBF.LB.AA (gastric anastomosis) is the closest available code, as it represents an anastomosis at/involving the stomach. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the pharynx as the source of the anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "1338030001", "display" : "Anastrozole therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to anastrozole or aromatase inhibitor therapy; UAC.RD.ZZ (providing medications) is the closest code in the medicaments block, but it is far broader than the SNOMED concept which identifies a specific drug therapy." }] }, { "code" : "410322005", "display" : "Anatomy/physiology case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Case coordination\" under \"Interventions on whole person\" is the closest match for a case management activity, but it is broader — it does not capture the specific educational/informational focus on anatomy or physiology that the SNOMED concept implies." }] }, { "code" : "1259982004", "display" : "Anchoring of aortic endovascular stent graft to vessel wall using endovascular stent graft anchoring system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nearest assignable ICHI code covers stent insertion into the abdominal aorta via percutaneous transluminal approach, the most likely site for an aortic (non-thoracic) endovascular stent graft procedure, but ICHI does not distinguish anchoring/fixation of an endovascular graft as a separate specific action." }] }, { "code" : "1259983009", "display" : "Anchoring of thoracic aortic endovascular stent graft to vessel wall using endovascular stent graft anchoring system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIG.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into descending thoracic aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal stent insertion into the descending thoracic aorta, the correct anatomical location, but ICHI does not represent the specific anchoring/fixation step of an endovascular graft system as a distinct action." }] }, { "code" : "55312004", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with anastomosis of lower limb vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for aneurysmectomy with vein anastomosis in the lower limb; IFD.ML.AA is the closest available code and subsumes the concept of restoring vein continuity, but is broader as it covers any reconstructive method and does not require an aneurysm as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "68087005", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery (including via graft), which encompasses the procedure semantically, but does not specify aneurysm excision as the indication and also includes pelvic arteries beyond the SNOMED scope." }] }, { "code" : "7216000", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of head and neck artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's reconstruction of artery of head and neck captures the graft replacement component adequately, but does not restrict to aneurysm excision as the driving indication, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "45874007", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of thoracic aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers reconstruction of any thoracic artery via open approach, which includes both ascending and descending thoracic aorta segments and other thoracic vessels, making it broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the thoracic aorta specifically with aneurysm excision." }] }, { "code" : "35830007", "display" : "Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of upper limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's reconstruction of artery of upper limb via open approach aligns with graft replacement after aneurysm excision, but the code is broader as it covers any reconstructive procedure on upper limb arteries regardless of the indication." }] }, { "code" : "386514001", "display" : "Anger control assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anger control assistance (a nursing intervention to help patients manage anger) aligns most closely with counselling targeting emotional functions in ICHI, but the ICHI code covers all emotional functions broadly and includes multiple modalities beyond the specific anger-control focus of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425360004", "display" : "Anger management case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific anger management code; AUD.PP.ZZ (Counselling for emotional functions) is the closest available intervention on emotional functions, but it is broader — covering any counselling for emotional function rather than specifically structured anger management case management." }] }, { "code" : "2080003", "display" : "Angiectomy with anastomosis of lower limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode excision-with-anastomosis as a single combined concept; IFA.ML.AA captures the defining reconstructive/anastomotic component of the procedure, but is broader as it does not specify that a segment was excised first." }] }, { "code" : "87561005", "display" : "Angiectomy with anastomosis of lower limb vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.ML.AA covers the vein reconstruction/anastomosis aspect but is broader because it does not specify prior excision of a vein segment, as the SNOMED term does." }] }, { "code" : "20116006", "display" : "Angiectomy with graft replacement of lower limb vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lower limb vein, which is the closest ICHI concept encompassing resection with graft replacement; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of angiectomy combined with graft interposition, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230924008", "display" : "Angioscopy of intracranial vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AE.AF", "display" : "Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific angioscopy codes for aorta, upper and lower limb arteries, and abdominal/pelvic arteries, but none for intracranial vessels specifically; IZE.AE.AF is the residual \"not elsewhere classified\" angioscopy code, which is broader in target scope than the intracranial-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410682003", "display" : "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to ACE inhibitor therapy or any drug class-specific therapeutic category; PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a particular drug class used therapeutically." }] }, { "code" : "410683008", "display" : "Angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not classify interventions by specific pharmacological agent or drug class, so the most appropriate code is the general pharmacotherapy prescription code, which is broader than this specific drug-class therapy concept." }] }, { "code" : "339702231000119109", "display" : "Anifrolumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody (anti-IFNAR1) used for systemic lupus erythematosus; ICHI contains no specific code for biologic agents or anifrolumab itself, making the general pharmacotherapy prescription code the only reasonable match, considerably broader than this highly specific biologic therapy concept." }] }, { "code" : "119695000", "display" : "Ankle destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MNJ", "display" : "Interventions on ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category grouping all destructive procedures on the ankle, which spans multiple ICHI categories (e.g., MNJ.GA.AA destruction of lesion, MNJ.JN.AA disarticulation, MNJ.JJ.AA partial excision, MNB bone-level procedures); no single ICHI category code covers the full scope, so the block is the appropriate assignment." }] }, { "code" : "264987001", "display" : "Ankle muscle transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the correct action (muscle transfer/transplantation) but lacks anatomical specificity — the code applies to an unspecified site rather than the ankle. No ankle-specific muscle transfer code exists in ICHI; the lower leg muscle block contains only a reconstruction code, not a transfer code." }] }, { "code" : "232820008", "display" : "Annuloplasty of aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Annuloplasty is a specific technique within valve repair focused on reshaping or reinforcing the valve annulus, whereas ICHI's \"Repair of aortic valve\" is a broader category encompassing all repair techniques. No annuloplasty-specific code exists in ICHI for any valve." }] }, { "code" : "174980001", "display" : "Annuloplasty of mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Annuloplasty of the mitral valve is a specific annulus-repair technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of mitral valve repair. ICHI does not have a dedicated annuloplasty code, making this the closest available match at a higher level of generality." }] }, { "code" : "265480000", "display" : "Annuloplasty of tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tricuspid annuloplasty is a specific annulus-reshaping technique subsumed under the broader ICHI concept of tricuspid valve repair. The ICHI code is the most precise available match but remains wider in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232932006", "display" : "Annuloplasty of truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Annuloplasty is a specific ring-based repair technique applied to the truncal valve annulus; \"Repair of truncal valve\" is broader as it encompasses all repair methods, not just annuloplasty. No more specific truncal valve annuloplasty code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "439588006", "display" : "Anoscopy with anorectal dilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.AE.AD", "display" : "Anoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI KBX.AE.AD covers only the anoscopy component; the combined procedure also includes anorectal dilation (KBX.LG.AC, Dilatation of anal sphincter), which would need to be coded separately — making any single code mapping broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "764910004", "display" : "Antacid therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No antacid-specific code exists in ICHI; \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" is the closest assignable category, but it is substantially broader, covering prescription of any pharmacological agent rather than antacid therapy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "169574001", "display" : "Antenatal care of second pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antenatal care is a monitoring and assessment activity for pregnant women, making NUE.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI match. ICHI does not differentiate by parity or pregnancy number, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169575000", "display" : "Antenatal care of third pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antenatal care maps to assessment of pregnancy functions; ICHI has no mechanism to capture the ordinal number of the pregnancy, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "169576004", "display" : "Antenatal care: multip", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Multip\" (multiparous — a woman who has previously given birth) is a parity-based refinement of antenatal care that ICHI does not encode; the assessment of pregnancy functions code is the closest available match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "169573007", "display" : "Antenatal care: primigravida", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Primigravida\" (first pregnancy) is a parity-based refinement of antenatal care that ICHI does not encode; the assessment of pregnancy functions code is the closest available match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "171066005", "display" : "Antenatal relaxation class", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A relaxation class for pregnant women is an educational/instructional group intervention targeting pregnancy-related wellbeing, which aligns best with education about pregnancy functions; ICHI does not distinguish relaxation-specific classes from other pregnancy education." }] }, { "code" : "713076009", "display" : "Antenatal risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pregnancy-related functions broadly, which encompasses antenatal risk assessment but does not specify the risk-focused nature of the assessment." }] }, { "code" : "243787009", "display" : "Antenatal screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no dedicated antenatal screening code in ICHI; NUE.AA.ZZ (assessment of pregnancy functions) is the closest match but encompasses all forms of pregnancy assessment, not just screening." }] }, { "code" : "169670003", "display" : "Antenatal ultrasound scan at 17-22 weeks", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fetal/obstetric ultrasound at a specific gestational window; NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available fit as an assessment of pregnancy functions but is far broader, covering any modality and any gestational timeframe." }] }, { "code" : "307813007", "display" : "Antenatal ultrasound scan at 22-40 weeks", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific obstetric ultrasound imaging code; NUE.AA.ZZ (assessment of pregnancy functions) is the best available approximation but is broader, covering any assessment modality across all of pregnancy without specifying gestational age or imaging technique." }] }, { "code" : "169669004", "display" : "Antenatal ultrasound scan at 9-16 weeks", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a specific code for first-trimester or early second-trimester obstetric ultrasound; NUE.AA.ZZ is the closest available category as a general assessment of pregnancy functions but covers all assessment types throughout pregnancy without specifying gestational age or imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "425551008", "display" : "Antenatal ultrasound scan for possible abnormality", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal structure without specifying the clinical indication, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to scanning for a possible abnormality, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1370905006", "display" : "Anterior decompression of cervical spinal cord and fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code combining cervical decompression and fusion; MBA.LE.AA captures the fusion component but omits the anterior approach and the spinal cord decompression itself, making it broader and only partially representative of the combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "235189000", "display" : "Anterior gastropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LC.AA", "display" : "Gastropexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LC.AA directly represents gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach); ICHI does not distinguish between anterior and other approaches, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "231552001", "display" : "Anterior orbitotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Orbitotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FA.AA directly represents orbitotomy (incision of the orbit); ICHI does not encode the approach direction, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an anterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "296867007", "display" : "Anterior sclerotomy with removal of vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JK.AA", "display" : "Vitrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.JK.AA represents vitrectomy (total removal of the vitreous body), which captures the primary therapeutic objective; ICHI does not encode the sclerotomy access route or distinguish approach direction, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "108148001", "display" : "Anterior segment of eye excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BBA", "display" : "Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single assignable code for excision of the anterior eye segment as a whole; the anterior segment encompasses conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, anterior chamber, and lens, each with their own excision codes. The block BlockL4-BBA is the broadest single ICHI node that encompasses all of these." }] }, { "code" : "108147006", "display" : "Anterior segment of eye incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BBA", "display" : "Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI models incision by individual anterior-segment structure (incision of cornea, iridotomy, capsulotomy, drainage of anterior chamber) rather than as a single cross-segment procedure; the parent block BlockL4-BBA is the broadest single ICHI node that encompasses all of these." }] }, { "code" : "22793001", "display" : "Anterior spinal instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code that captures spinal instrumentation as a distinct named procedure; MBZ.DN.AA is the closest assignable code but is broader as it covers any spinal device implantation regardless of approach and does not specify the anterior route or the fixation/instrumentation nature." }] }, { "code" : "274969000", "display" : "Anterior tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.LI.AA represents tracheostomy in general; ICHI does not distinguish an anterior (standard cervical midline) tracheostomy from other variants, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the anterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "447062007", "display" : "Anterior transposition of ulnar nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.LJ.AA covers transposition of any peripheral nerve using an open approach; it does not specify the ulnar nerve or the anterior (subcutaneous/submuscular) direction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "55378006", "display" : "Anterior vestibuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.LK.AC", "display" : "Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vestibuloplasty is the surgical deepening/extension of the oral vestibular sulcus, which is precisely what KAZ.LK.AC describes; the ICHI code is broader because it covers buccolabial and lingual sulcus extension in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the anterior (labial) approach specifically." }] }, { "code" : "363784009", "display" : "Anti-complement activity test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anti-complement activity testing measures complement pathway inhibition, a specific immunological function test; DTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of immunological system functions and is therefore broader than this particular complement-specific assay." }] }, { "code" : "359781006", "display" : "Anti-hyaluronidase assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The anti-hyaluronidase assay is a serological test detecting antibodies against streptococcal hyaluronidase, used as a marker of streptococcal infection; DTB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI category but is much broader, covering any immunological function test rather than this specific antibody assay." }] }, { "code" : "359897007", "display" : "Anti-IgA assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG58X6", "display" : "Immunoglobulin plasma levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels generally, which encompasses IgA but is not specific to anti-IgA (antibodies against IgA). No ICHI code exists for anti-IgA antibody detection specifically; this is the closest available laboratory test." }] }, { "code" : "183401008", "display" : "Anti-suicide psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBA.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for self-harm behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBA.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeting self-harm behaviours broadly, which includes suicidal behaviour as a key category; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming suicide as the explicit target, while the ICHI code encompasses the full range of self-harm behaviours." }] }, { "code" : "359867004", "display" : "Antibiotic sensitivity, disk method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG50T0 represents antimicrobial susceptibility testing in general, which subsumes the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as one specific technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish between disk diffusion, broth microdilution, or other methods." }] }, { "code" : "359819009", "display" : "Antibiotic sensitivity, fungus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG50T0 covers antimicrobial (including antifungal) susceptibility testing without distinction by organism type; no separate ICHI code exists for fungal-specific susceptibility testing, making the ICHI code broader as it applies to all microorganisms." }] }, { "code" : "281789004", "display" : "Antibiotic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RD.ZZ represents providing medications in general; no ICHI code exists that specifies antibiotic or antimicrobial drug administration as a distinct category, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "166164009", "display" : "Antibody studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antibody studies are a specific class of immunological testing (serological/immunoassay testing for antibodies); DTB.AC.ZZ covers all tests of immunological system functions more broadly. No more specific ICHI code for antibody measurement exists." }] }, { "code" : "121329005", "display" : "Anticonvulsant identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anticonvulsant identification refers to the clinical process of identifying anticonvulsant/antiepileptic medications, which falls within the scope of medication assessment; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general and is broader than identification of a specific drug class." }] }, { "code" : "46589004", "display" : "Anticonvulsant therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anticonvulsant therapy is most commonly delivered orally; PZA.DB.AC covers oral/per-orifice pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body without specifying the drug class, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available match since ICHI has no anticonvulsant-specific pharmacotherapy code." }] }, { "code" : "698456001", "display" : "Antidepressant therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to antidepressant or any psychiatric drug class; the best available code covers pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body via an unspecified route, which is substantially broader than a therapy targeting a specific drug class." }] }, { "code" : "718526003", "display" : "Antifungal therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no drug-class-specific pharmacotherapy codes; the closest match is the generic whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code, which is far broader than fungal-specific drug treatment." }] }, { "code" : "274502001", "display" : "Antihemophilic factor transfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies all blood and blood product transfusions — including clotting factor concentrates (Factor VIII/IX) — under a single code without distinguishing specific product types, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies antihemophilic factor specifically." }] }, { "code" : "745041001", "display" : "Antihistamine prophylaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to antihistamine administration or allergy prophylaxis; the closest available code covers pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body with unspecified route, which is far broader than the SNOMED concept of prophylactic antihistamine use." }] }, { "code" : "1287685000", "display" : "Antimetabolite therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for antimetabolite agents (e.g., methotrexate, 5-FU) specifically; the general pharmacotherapy administration code is the only available approximation and is substantially broader than this drug-class-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716872004", "display" : "Antineoplastic chemotherapy regimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for antineoplastic or cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens; the generic whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code is the only available approximation and is far broader than this oncology-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "408490001", "display" : "Antipsychotic drug therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying drug class or route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drug therapy. No ICHI code exists for antipsychotic-specific drug administration." }] }, { "code" : "265360002", "display" : "Antireflux gastropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LC.AA", "display" : "Gastropexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LC.AA describes gastropexy (surgical fixation of the stomach) in general, which encompasses antireflux gastropexy as a specific purpose-qualified subtype; ICHI does not distinguish a separately coded antireflux or fundoplication-style gastropexy." }] }, { "code" : "427314002", "display" : "Antiviral therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ is the most appropriate assignable ICHI code for any pharmacotherapy administration, but it is broader than antiviral therapy since it does not specify the class of agent; ICHI contains no antiviral-specific drug administration code." }] }, { "code" : "313087008", "display" : "Anxiety counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anxiety is a disorder of emotional functions, and the action (counselling) matches exactly; however, the ICHI code covers all emotional functions broadly, not anxiety specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "699279007", "display" : "Aortic arch replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"reconstruction\" axis is the closest concept to surgical replacement of the aortic arch with a graft, but reconstruction is semantically broader than replacement and could include partial repairs without full prosthetic substitution." }] }, { "code" : "1231417003", "display" : "Aortic root enlargement using anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of aortic root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for aortic root enlargement (e.g. Manouguian procedure) nor for the anterior approach distinction; \"Reconstruction of aortic root\" is the closest available category covering structural remodelling of the aortic root, and is broader as it does not capture the specific enlargement technique or surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "1231418008", "display" : "Aortic root enlargement using posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of aortic root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to posterior aortic root enlargement (e.g. Nicks procedure); \"Reconstruction of aortic root\" is the best available category and is broader because it does not differentiate the enlargement technique or the posterior surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "27428006", "display" : "Aortic valve commissurotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated commissurotomy code for the aortic valve; \"Repair of aortic valve\" is the closest category, encompassing incision of fused commissures as a repair technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish commissurotomy from other repair methods, and the cardiopulmonary bypass approach is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "405522001", "display" : "Aorto-femoral bifurcation graft for repair of aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an aorto-femoral bifurcation graft; \"Reconstruction of abdominal aorta\" is the best single-code fit as the abdominal aorta is the primary operative target in aneurysm repair with a bifurcation graft. The code is broader because it does not capture the extension to the femoral arteries, the bifurcation graft configuration, or the aneurysm indication." }] }, { "code" : "405524000", "display" : "Aorto-Iliac graft for repair of aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an aorto-iliac graft; \"Reconstruction of abdominal aorta\" is the best single-code fit as the abdominal aorta is the primary operative target, with the iliac extension being a common anatomical variant of the same aortic aneurysm repair. The code is broader because it does not capture the iliac extension or the aneurysm indication." }] }, { "code" : "405520009", "display" : "Aorto-profunda graft for repair of aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.LI.AA", "display" : "Abdominal aortic bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Aorto-profunda\" describes a bypass graft from the aorta to the profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery, specifically for aneurysm repair. ICHI's closest code is HIH.LI.AA (Abdominal aortic bypass), which captures the aortic bypass procedure but is broader — it does not specify the profunda femoris as the target limb vessel, nor does it encode the aneurysm repair indication." }] }, { "code" : "429269009", "display" : "Aortoventriculoplasty with pulmonary valve autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes the Ross procedure — replacement of the aortic valve and root using the patient's own pulmonary valve as an autograft, combined with enlargement of the left ventricular outflow tract. HDE.ML.AA captures the reconstructive action on the aortic valve but is broader, as it does not encode the autograft source, the ventriculoplasty component, or the simultaneous pulmonary conduit placement." }] }, { "code" : "225153000", "display" : "Application of adhesive skin closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for adhesive skin closure (e.g., Steri-Strips, tissue adhesive strips); the closest category is the NEC code for application of a dressing to skin, which is broader and encompasses many types of wound dressings beyond adhesive closures." }] }, { "code" : "238207007", "display" : "Application of adhesive strapping across umbilicus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The umbilicus block contains only hernia repair, biopsy, and excision codes — no dressing or strapping code. The NEC skin dressing code is the best available match, but is broader in that it covers all skin regions and all dressing types, not specifically adhesive strapping applied to the umbilical area." }] }, { "code" : "1237581000", "display" : "Application of artificial dermal template", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An artificial dermal template (e.g., Integra) is a bioengineered skin substitute applied to a wound in lieu of a conventional graft; ICHI classifies this under the skin graft NEC code, which is broader as it encompasses all types of skin grafts and does not distinguish synthetic dermal matrices from autografts or allografts." }] }, { "code" : "179251000", "display" : "Application of bone xenograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.ML.AA covers bone graft at an unspecified site using open approach but does not specify the graft material type (xenograft = animal-derived); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses autograft, allograft, and xenograft without distinction." }] }, { "code" : "1259293006", "display" : "Application of composite dental filling material to dentin of tooth following fracture of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC captures tooth restoration as a category, which encompasses composite resin restorations, but the SNOMED concept is considerably more specific — it specifies the material (composite), the target tissue (dentin), and the clinical context (post-fracture); the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "1255521008", "display" : "Application of compress", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A compress (a cloth or pad applied to the skin for heat, cold, or pressure) is functionally a type of dressing applied to the skin, making LZZ.DK.AH the closest ICHI match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of skin dressings and does not distinguish a compress from bandages or other wound coverings." }] }, { "code" : "67699001", "display" : "Application of cylinder cast, thigh to ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a cylinder cast applied specifically from thigh to ankle (a long leg cast); ICHI does have region-specific immobilisation codes but none captures the combined thigh-to-ankle span in a single code, making the NEC cast/splint code the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "239675002", "display" : "Application of cylinder plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cylinder plaster cast is a specific orthopedic immobilisation device applied to the leg, but ICHI has no code that specifies the cylinder cast form or plaster material; PZX.LC.AH is the single ICHI code for cast or splint application and is broader in both body site and device type." }] }, { "code" : "234721003", "display" : "Application of dental medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DB.AC", "display" : "Application of substance to teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DB.AC covers topical application of any substance to teeth (including fluoride, desensitisers, medicaments), which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies a medicinal/therapeutic substance; no ICHI code distinguishes specifically between medicinal and non-medicinal substances applied to teeth." }] }, { "code" : "282048008", "display" : "Application of dentine adhesive to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DB.AC", "display" : "Application of substance to teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dentine adhesive (bonding agent) is one specific substance applied to a tooth surface, while KAE.DB.AC covers any substance application to teeth; no ICHI code exists for dentine bonding specifically, and the restoration code would conflate the preparatory bonding step with the full restoration procedure." }] }, { "code" : "225265008", "display" : "Application of egg white to female perineal area", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for egg white application to the perineum; the perineum block contains only surgical/procedural codes with no topical application entry. LZZ.DB.AH captures the core action (external application of a substance to skin) but is broader, not specifying the substance or perineal site." }] }, { "code" : "239680006", "display" : "Application of forearm cast brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMC.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PMC.LC.AH (topographical forearm region) captures the application of an external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the device subtype (cast brace), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180294009", "display" : "Application of functional cast brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No body-site-specific ICHI code exists for a \"functional cast brace\"; PZX.LC.AH is the NEC residual code for cast or splint application and covers the procedure type but does not specify the site, functional design, or brace subtype." }] }, { "code" : "180318005", "display" : "Application of Futura splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Futura splint is a specific pre-fabricated wrist splint that immobilises the wrist joint, so MFJ.LC.AH is the best anatomical match; however it is broader because it does not distinguish device subtypes (e.g., a Futura splint vs. a plaster cast vs. other wrist orthoses)." }] }, { "code" : "1259292001", "display" : "Application of glass-ionomer dental material to dentin of tooth following fracture of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Applying glass-ionomer cement to dentine after a tooth fracture is a restorative dental procedure, and KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest ICHI category; however it is broader as it does not specify the material used (glass-ionomer), the tooth tissue layer (dentine), or the clinical context (post-fracture)." }] }, { "code" : "715311000", "display" : "Application of hexachlorophene powder to umbilical cord stump", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The umbilical cord stump is located on the trunk, and hexachlorophene powder is applied externally to the skin surface, fitting the target (trunk skin) and action (external application of substance). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any substance applied to any trunk skin site." }] }, { "code" : "13851003", "display" : "Application of hip spica cast, both legs", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hip spica cast that immobilises both legs is an external immobilisation device applied at the hip joint level, making MLJ.LC.AH the most specific available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the device type (cast vs. splint vs. brace), nor does it capture that both legs are included." }] }, { "code" : "1356718002", "display" : "Application of hip spica plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hip spica plaster cast is an external immobilisation device targeting the hip joint. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the material (plaster) or the spica configuration, encompassing all types of external hip immobilisation devices." }] }, { "code" : "37353002", "display" : "Application of hot water bottle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the therapeutic intent (external warming of peripheral body temperature) but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the precise instrument used (a hot water bottle); the means axis confirms heat as the modality but encompasses any warming device or method." }] }, { "code" : "225168004", "display" : "Application of hot wax", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hot wax (paraffin bath) therapy is a superficial heat application method, which maps to this ICHI code for peripheral warming; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific agent (wax/paraffin) from other heat application methods, making it a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "239679008", "display" : "Application of humeral cast brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A humeral cast brace is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the humerus, so the ICHI code is a good structural match; however, ICHI does not specifically distinguish a cast brace (functional brace allowing partial motion) from other external immobilisation devices such as a full cast." }] }, { "code" : "113152007", "display" : "Application of ice", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ice application is the most common method of cooling peripheral body temperature, and the therapeutic intent matches well; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any cooling method (ice packs, cold packs, cooling devices) without specifying ice as the agent." }] }, { "code" : "4450003", "display" : "Application of Kirschner wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is inserted percutaneously into bone for fixation, which corresponds to the ICHI action (DN = implantation of device) and means (AE = percutaneous) axes; however, the ICHI code does not specify the wire as the device type and uses an unspecified anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "225166000", "display" : "Application of leeches", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"external application of substance or living organism to skin, NEC\" explicitly covers living organisms applied to skin, which fits leech therapy (hirudotherapy), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers any body site and any living organism, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about leeches." }] }, { "code" : "433340000", "display" : "Application of long arm splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific codes for humerus, forearm, and wrist, but a \"long arm splint\" spans from above the elbow to the hand and does not map to a single anatomical-site code; PMA.LC.AH (upper limb NEC) is the best fit, though broader as it encompasses any upper limb immobilisation device regardless of type or extent." }] }, { "code" : "1407007", "display" : "Application of long leg cast, brace type", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"long leg cast, brace type\" spans thigh through foot and does not correspond to any single anatomical-site ICHI code; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) captures the overall lower limb scope, though broader as it does not specify cast vs. brace type or full leg extent." }] }, { "code" : "433341001", "display" : "Application of long leg splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the long leg cast, a \"long leg splint\" extends from thigh to foot and spans multiple ICHI anatomical sub-sites; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) is the best single-code match, though broader as it does not distinguish splint from other immobilisation device types." }] }, { "code" : "241722009", "display" : "Application of lubricant to eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for topical ocular lubricant application — the eye-specific procedure codes cover irrigation, drainage, dressing, and injection but not simple topical substance application to the eye surface; PZA.DB.AH (topical application of pharmacotherapy) is the closest general match but is broader, covering topical medication to any body surface." }] }, { "code" : "443548009", "display" : "Application of make-up to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Make-up application is a specific instance of externally applying a substance to skin, but ICHI has no code for cosmetic/make-up application specifically; LZZ.DB.AH is broader, covering any external substance applied to skin NEC." }] }, { "code" : "733925000", "display" : "Application of ointment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ointment is a topical pharmaceutical preparation, making PZA.DB.AH (topical application of pharmacotherapy) the best match; ICHI is broader because it encompasses all topical pharmacotherapy regardless of formulation (not just ointments)." }] }, { "code" : "229825006", "display" : "Application of padding to the foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Padding applied to the foot is a form of protective wound or pressure-relief dressing applied to skin; LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin NEC and is the closest available code, though broader (covering all body-site-unspecified skin dressings) and not specifically naming the foot or the padding modality." }] }, { "code" : "239674003", "display" : "Application of plaster cast to lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PNA.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the lower limb as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a plaster cast specifically; the ICHI code is broader in both device type and anatomical granularity." }] }, { "code" : "180292008", "display" : "Application of plaster cast to trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specific to a plaster cast material; the ICHI code is broader in device type but matches the anatomical target (trunk) well." }] }, { "code" : "239666004", "display" : "Application of plaster cast to upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PMA.LC.AH covers application of any external immobilisation device to the upper limb, while the SNOMED concept specifies a plaster cast; the ICHI code is broader in device type but the anatomical target (upper limb as a whole) aligns well." }] }, { "code" : "48645002", "display" : "Application of plaster figure of eight", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A figure-of-eight plaster is applied specifically to immobilise the clavicle (typically for clavicle fractures), whereas MDB.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the bone of the shoulder region broadly. ICHI has no code specific to the figure-of-eight technique or clavicle-targeted application." }] }, { "code" : "43238005", "display" : "Application of plaster, Velpeau type", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Velpeau bandage is a specific shoulder immobilisation technique that restricts the shoulder joint by binding the arm across the chest; MDJ.LC.AH covers any external immobilisation device applied to the shoulder joint but does not specify the Velpeau technique or bandage type." }] }, { "code" : "440601004", "display" : "Application of Risser jacket", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Risser jacket is a body cast encompassing the entire spine (cervical through pelvis) used for scoliosis management; MBZ.LC.AH is the most appropriate catch-all spine immobilisation code, as no Risser-specific or full-spine cast code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "234710007", "display" : "Application of root canal medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DB.AC", "display" : "Application of substance to teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DB.AC covers topical application of any substance to teeth, which encompasses intracanal medicament placement, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to root canal (endodontic) medication." }] }, { "code" : "439535000", "display" : "Application of short arm splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A short arm splint immobilises the forearm and wrist (distal radius/ulna), making MFB.LC.AH the closest match; however, the ICHI code covers any external immobilisation device on the forearm bones without specifying the \"short arm\" configuration or the wrist involvement typically included in this splint type." }] }, { "code" : "239678000", "display" : "Application of static cast brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint without specifying body site or brace subtype, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a \"static\" cast brace. No site-specific cast code exists in ICHI for the generic (non-anatomical) cast brace concept, so this NEC residual is the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "431703000", "display" : "Application of support tights", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNA.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to lower limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Support tights are a compression assistive garment applied to the entire lower limb; the closest ICHI concept is installation of an assistive product to the lower limb NEC, which captures the action (installation of assistive product) and target (lower limb) but is broader, covering any assistive product rather than specifically compression hosiery." }] }, { "code" : "8679008", "display" : "Application of surface transcutaneous neurostimulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A surface TENS device delivers transcutaneous electrical stimulation primarily for pain relief, which AXA.SC.BP captures well; however, TENS may also be applied for non-pain indications, so the ICHI code is broader/narrower in different respects—best characterised as wider since the SNOMED concept does not specify therapeutic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "239645007", "display" : "Application of suspended pelvic slings", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A suspended pelvic sling is an external device applied around the pelvis to provide immobilisation or support (classically for pelvic fractures), which aligns with MKB.LC.AH targeting the pelvis bone with external immobilisation; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any external immobilisation device rather than specifically a suspended sling configuration." }] }, { "code" : "239681005", "display" : "Application of tibial cast brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tibial cast brace is an external immobilisation device applied specifically to the tibia, matching the target anatomy of MNB.LC.AH; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any external immobilisation device (cast, splint, brace, orthosis) and includes the fibula." }] }, { "code" : "225132009", "display" : "Application of topical agent to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AH covers external (topical) application of a substance to skin without specifying body site, which is the best available match for a body-site-unspecified topical skin application; it is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also includes living organisms (not just chemical agents) as the applied substance." }] }, { "code" : "31253009", "display" : "Application of tracheostomy mask using jet humidifier", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTC.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for applying a tracheostomy mask or for humidification of tracheostomy airflow; PTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy) is the closest available code under the tracheostomy artificial-body-structure block, but it is considerably broader, covering general tracheostomy management rather than the specific humidification accessory described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225693001", "display" : "Applying double eye pad", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Dressing of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DK.AH is the closest ICHI code for applying a pad/dressing to the eye, but it does not capture the specific detail of a \"double\" eye pad configuration. The ICHI code covers any eye dressing, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225691004", "display" : "Applying eye pad and shield", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Dressing of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DK.AH covers the eye pad component of this intervention but does not distinguish the addition of a protective shield; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the single ICHI dressing code available." }] }, { "code" : "225699002", "display" : "Applying ointment to eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AH covers topical application of any pharmacotherapy to the whole body and is the closest ICHI code for instilling/applying ophthalmic ointment; it does not specify the eye as the target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "50050131000188107", "display" : "Aprotinin therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aprotinin is administered intravenously (percutaneous transluminal route), making PZA.DB.AF the best available route-specific match; however, ICHI does not identify the specific agent (aprotinin/antifibrinolytic), so the code is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252223008", "display" : "Apt test of gastrointestinal function", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept frames the Apt test explicitly as a test of GI function (detecting GI bleeding source), and KT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the digestive system NEC. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any unspecified digestive function test rather than the specific alkali-denaturation hemoglobin discrimination." }] }, { "code" : "870379008", "display" : "Aquablation therapy of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aquablation uses a robotically-controlled high-pressure water jet to ablate/resect prostatic tissue, which maps to the destructive interventions on the prostate in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all modalities of prostate destruction and does not differentiate the water-jet (aquablation) means; the seminal vesicle is also included in the title but not targeted by this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252175007", "display" : "Arginine stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The arginine stimulation test is a provocative endocrine test measuring pituitary growth hormone secretion in response to intravenous arginine; ETK.AA.ZZ represents assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider, covering all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to the GH axis, arginine as the stimulus, or the pituitary target." }] }, { "code" : "8706007", "display" : "Arginine tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The arginine tolerance test is functionally equivalent to the arginine stimulation test — a provocation test evaluating pituitary GH reserve — and maps to the same ICHI code for assessment of endocrine gland functions. The code is wider as it lacks specificity for GH, the pituitary gland, or arginine as the challenge agent." }] }, { "code" : "23541008", "display" : "Argon laser photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon laser photocoagulation is performed on retinal tissue (the dominant clinical use) and maps best to BCC.GA.AA \"Destruction of retina\"; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all destructive modalities (not just laser), and the SNOMED concept does not strictly limit to retina, making it the best available — though imprecise — match." }] }, { "code" : "1345262006", "display" : "Argon laser trabeculoplasty of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon laser trabeculoplasty targets the trabecular meshwork (part of the iridocorneal angle in the anterior chamber) using laser energy to improve aqueous outflow; ICHI has no dedicated trabeculoplasty code, so BBE.GA.AH is the closest anatomical and action fit, but it is broader (covering any destructive intervention in that compartment, no laterality and no laser means)." }] }, { "code" : "1345263001", "display" : "Argon laser trabeculoplasty of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to argon laser trabeculoplasty of the left eye — BBE.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code for a destructive intervention on the anterior chamber, with the ICHI code being broader because it does not specify the laser modality, the trabecular meshwork target, or right-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "394615007", "display" : "Aromatherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aromatherapy delivers therapeutic benefit through olfactory/sensory stimulation, which maps to ICHI's \"sensory stimulation for perceptual functions\" (a rehabilitation intervention targeting perceptual mental functions). The ICHI code is broader, as it encompasses all sensory modalities (not just olfactory/aromatic) and does not capture the use of essential oils as the specific means." }] }, { "code" : "71576003", "display" : "Arrest of bone growth of fibula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LE.AA", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specific to the fibula, whereas MNB.LE.AA covers both tibia and fibula together as a combined anatomical target in ICHI — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers only to the fibula." }] }, { "code" : "52532008", "display" : "Arrest of bone growth of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LE.AA", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.LE.AA is the correct procedural match for epiphysiodesis (physeal arrest) and covers the tibia, but it also encompasses the fibula, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the tibia alone." }] }, { "code" : "1297175004", "display" : "Arterial bypass graft of upper limb artery using arterial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.LI.AA covers bypass of the upper limb artery via an open approach but does not distinguish the conduit type (arterial vs. venous graft), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an arterial graft. It is the best and most specific available ICHI code for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "405469008", "display" : "Arterial bypass of lower limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LI.AA is the direct structural equivalent for lower limb arterial bypass, but it implies an open approach (means axis AA) while the SNOMED concept is approach-unspecified and thus broader; IFA.LI.AA is the best available single ICHI code for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "397045002", "display" : "Arterial embolectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"arterial embolectomy\" code; IZE.JE.AA covers removal of an obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from a blood vessel NEC, which captures the procedure intent, but it is broader as it encompasses any vessel (not just arteries) and any obstruction type. The only site-specific embolectomy code in ICHI is pulmonary-only (HID.JE.AA)." }] }, { "code" : "40298007", "display" : "Arteriectomy with graft replacement by interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the specific technique of arterial excision followed by interposition graft; IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, NEC) captures the reconstructive end result of this procedure but is broader because it applies to any artery NEC and does not specify the interposition graft technique or the preceding excision." }] }, { "code" : "112819006", "display" : "Arteriectomy with graft replacement of thoracoabdominal aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates the thoracic descending aorta (HIG.ML.AA) and abdominal aorta (HIH.ML.AA) into distinct codes with no single code spanning the thoracoabdominal aorta as a unit; IZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, NEC) is used as the broadest available match that does not exclude this cross-segment anatomy, though it is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119814002", "display" : "Artery of extremity closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific occlusion codes for artery of upper limb (ICA.LA.AA) and artery of lower limb (IFA.LA.AA), but neither covers both extremities simultaneously as the SNOMED concept does; IZA.LA.AA (artery NEC) is the best single code that covers the concept at the unspecified extremity level, though it is broader in that it applies to any artery rather than being specific to extremity arteries." }] }, { "code" : "870432009", "display" : "Artesunate therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have disease-specific or drug-specific pharmacotherapy codes (apart from a small number of targeted exceptions); administering pharmacotherapy with unspecified route is the best available generic code, but it is considerably broader than the specific antimalarial drug artesunate." }] }, { "code" : "9874008", "display" : "Arthrectomy of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthrectomy (excision of a joint or part of a joint, classically referring to removal of joint tissue such as synovium) maps best to partial excision of hip joint; this is the closest structural match available in the hip joint block, though the ICHI code is somewhat broader as it could encompass various partial joint excision procedures beyond synovectomy." }] }, { "code" : "171238007", "display" : "Arthritis screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific arthritis or joint disease screening code; the musculoskeletal system assessment NEC (MZZ.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code, but it covers assessment of any musculoskeletal condition rather than being specific to arthritis screening as a targeted population-level activity." }] }, { "code" : "90131007", "display" : "Arthrocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthrocentesis (needle aspiration of synovial fluid from a joint) maps best to percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site, as ICHI has no dedicated \"arthrocentesis\" or \"joint aspiration\" code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any joint site and the action \"drainage\" is slightly wider than the needle-aspiration sense of arthrocentesis, though the percutaneous approach aligns well." }] }, { "code" : "19578002", "display" : "Arthrodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Arthrodesis\" is a general/category-level term with no body site specified, and MRJ.LE.AA is the ICHI residual code for arthrodesis at an unspecified joint site, making it the closest structural match. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it is an unspecified-site residual that covers the same surgical concept at any joint." }] }, { "code" : "27537008", "display" : "Arthrodesis by anterior extraoral technique, clivus-C1-C2, with bone graft and excision of odontoid process", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This highly specific SNOMED concept describes an anterior extraoral craniocervical fusion with bone graft and odontoidectomy at the clivus-C1-C2 level, but ICHI has no code at that granularity; MBA.LE.AA captures the core surgical intent. The ICHI code is broader because it subsumes all cervical spinal fusion approaches and does not encode the bone graft, odontoid excision, or the specific anterior extraoral approach." }] }, { "code" : "20820007", "display" : "Arthrodesis by anterior transoral technique, clivus-C1-C2, with bone graft and excision of odontoid process", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like its extraoral counterpart, this procedure is a craniocervical fusion via anterior transoral route with bone graft and odontoidectomy, and the most precise available ICHI match remains Fusion of cervical spine (MBA.LE.AA). The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the transoral approach, the bone graft component, or the associated odontoid excision." }] }, { "code" : "73199004", "display" : "Arthrodesis of carpometacarpal joint of thumb with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of finger or hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb with autograft, whereas ICHI groups all hand and finger joint fusions under MGJ.LE.AA without distinguishing specific joints (e.g., CMC) or graft type. The ICHI code is wider because \"finger or hand\" covers all joints in that region and does not encode the autograft method." }] }, { "code" : "52822008", "display" : "Arthrodesis of distal tibiofibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the tibiofibular joints — the lower leg joint block only covers the ankle joint (MNJ), and the tibiofibular joints are anatomically distinct. MRJ.LE.AA captures the correct procedure type (arthrodesis) but is broader because it does not specify the distal tibiofibular joint as the target." }] }, { "code" : "75826000", "display" : "Arthrodesis of elbow joint with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of elbow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.LE.AA directly matches arthrodesis of the elbow joint, but ICHI does not encode the autograft technique in the base code (graft type could theoretically be appended as an extension), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autograft use." }] }, { "code" : "36962000", "display" : "Arthrodesis of interphalangeal joint of finger with internal fixation with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of finger or hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any finger or hand joint, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the interphalangeal joint specifically; additionally, the internal fixation method and autograft are not encoded in the ICHI base code." }] }, { "code" : "67043003", "display" : "Arthrodesis of metacarpophalangeal joint with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of finger or hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any finger or hand joint and does not distinguish the metacarpophalangeal joint from other finger/hand joints; the autograft detail is also not captured in the ICHI base code." }] }, { "code" : "22210000", "display" : "Arthrodesis of proximal tibiofibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the distal tibiofibular joint, ICHI has no dedicated block or code for the proximal tibiofibular joint — only the ankle joint is represented under the lower leg musculoskeletal interventions. MRJ.LE.AA correctly identifies arthrodesis as the procedure but is broader due to the unspecified site." }] }, { "code" : "69119007", "display" : "Arthrodesis of symphysis pubis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the pubic symphysis joint — the arthrodesis list covers shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger/hand, hip, knee, ankle, and foot/toe joints but not the pubic symphysis. MRJ.LE.AA (arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site) is the broadest available match that correctly captures the procedure type (arthrodesis/fusion), while the target site is less specific than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441600007", "display" : "Arthrolysis after total prosthetic replacement of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"Release of knee joint\" (action FC = release/freeing) as its term for what SNOMED calls arthrolysis — the breaking down of joint adhesions to restore mobility. MMJ.FC.AA matches the target (knee joint) and the core procedure (release/lysis), but is broader because it does not specify that this is performed in the context of a prior total prosthetic replacement." }] }, { "code" : "442095009", "display" : "Arthroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes arthroplasty under the \"repair\" (MK) action axis applied to a joint target; MRJ.MK.AA covers joint repair at an unspecified site, which is the best match for the completely non-specific SNOMED concept \"Arthroplasty\" that names no body site or technique. Both are generic, but the ICHI code is still broader in that \"repair of joint\" encompasses more than just reconstructive arthroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "1231397001", "display" : "Arthroplasty of hip joint using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.MK.AA correctly targets the hip joint (MLJ) and uses the repair/reconstruction action (MK), capturing the arthroplasty component. ICHI has no means axis value for robotic assistance, so the robotic-assisted specificity of the SNOMED concept is lost; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "83381006", "display" : "Arthroplasty of hip with bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated arthroplasty code for the hip joint; \"Repair of hip joint\" is the closest available concept, covering joint restoration procedures including arthroplasty. The bone graft component and arthroplasty specificity are not distinguished in ICHI, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19063003", "display" : "Arthroplasty of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have an arthroplasty-specific code for the knee joint; \"Repair of knee joint\" is the broadest matching category under the knee joint block and encompasses arthroplasty as a form of joint repair. The ICHI code is broader as it includes other repair procedures beyond arthroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "1231396005", "display" : "Arthroplasty of knee joint using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The base procedure maps to \"Repair of knee joint\" as for plain knee arthroplasty; the robotic assistance detail can be expressed in ICHI using extension code XG5Z48 (\"With robotic assistance\"), but no single standalone ICHI category encodes robotic knee arthroplasty. The core code alone is wider because it omits both the arthroplasty specificity and the robotic means." }] }, { "code" : "442117004", "display" : "Arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of joint of head or neck\" is the closest ICHI code for TMJ arthroplasty, as arthroplasty is a form of joint reconstruction; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all head and neck joints (not just the TMJ) and does not specifically denote arthroplasty as the surgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "711529003", "display" : "Arthroscopic drilling of osteochondral lesion of ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNC.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of ankle cartilage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drilling of an osteochondral lesion is a cartilage repair technique (stimulating subchondral bone healing), and ICHI classifies it within arthroscopic repair of ankle cartilage. ICHI does not distinguish the specific repair technique (drilling vs. microfracture vs. other methods), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "442458004", "display" : "Arthroscopic excision of infrapatellar fat pad", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JI.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic local excision of lesion of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The infrapatellar (Hoffa's) fat pad is an intra-articular structure of the knee, and its arthroscopic excision falls under arthroscopic local excision of a lesion of the knee joint. ICHI does not have a fat-pad-specific code, so the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any focal excision within the knee joint." }] }, { "code" : "442434003", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of superior labrum anterior to posterior tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated labrum or SLAP-specific repair code; the superior labrum is a structure within the shoulder joint, so arthroscopic repair of the shoulder joint is the best available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically a SLAP repair (labrum reattachment/suturing)." }] }, { "code" : "443747002", "display" : "Arthroscopic shaving of articular cartilage of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JG.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic debridement of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"shaving\" or chondroplasty code for knee cartilage; arthroscopic shaving (chondroplasty) is a form of debridement and MMJ.JG.AB is the closest match, though it is broader as it covers debridement of the entire knee joint rather than the articular cartilage specifically." }] }, { "code" : "373678003", "display" : "Arthroscopic synovial biopsy of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.AD.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic biopsy of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's arthroscopic biopsy of knee joint code covers biopsy of any knee joint structure and does not distinguish synovial tissue from other tissue types; the SNOMED concept is more specific (synovial membrane), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19540004", "display" : "Arthroscopy of knee with lysis of adhesions with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.FC.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"release\" as its term covering lysis/division of adhesions arthroscopically at the knee joint, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies manipulation, which is not captured in this code; no single ICHI code covers both lysis and manipulation together." }] }, { "code" : "56442009", "display" : "Arthroscopy of shoulder with lysis and resection of adhesions with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.FC.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic release of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Arthroscopic release of shoulder joint\" covers the lysis/resection component of adhesions via arthroscopy, but the SNOMED concept additionally includes manipulation, and \"release\" is broader than the explicit lysis-plus-resection pairing described; no single ICHI code unites all three elements." }] }, { "code" : "1204294006", "display" : "Arthroscopy of wrist joint with synovial biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.AD.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic biopsy of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers arthroscopic biopsy of the wrist joint in general; SNOMED specifies that the biopsy specimen is synovial tissue, which is a narrower tissue qualifier not reflected in the ICHI title, making ICHI slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "29993007", "display" : "Arthroscopy of wrist with excision of triangular fibrocartilage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.JJ.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic partial excision of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a cartilaginous structure within the wrist joint, and its arthroscopic excision is best captured by arthroscopic partial excision of the wrist joint. ICHI does not have a code specific to TFCC, so the ICHI code is broader, covering any partial wrist joint excision performed arthroscopically." }] }, { "code" : "112752007", "display" : "Arthroscopy of wrist with internal fixation for fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthroscopic reduction of the wrist joint is the closest available ICHI code for an arthroscopically-assisted fracture fixation procedure, as ICHI does not have a dedicated code for arthroscopic internal fixation of wrist fracture. The ICHI code is broader because it covers reduction generally and does not specify internal fixation for fracture." }] }, { "code" : "2244006", "display" : "Arthroscopy of wrist with internal fixation for instability", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthroscopic internal fixation for wrist instability is a stabilising repair procedure; the residual NEC arthroscopic repair code is the best fit since ICHI has no specific arthroscopic stabilisation code for the wrist. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arthroscopic wrist repair not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "448701008", "display" : "Arthrotomy and removal of prosthesis of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures removal of an implanted device (prosthesis) from the foot/toe joint via open approach, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI's target encompasses \"foot or toe\" rather than foot specifically, making it slightly broader. The arthrotomy is subsumed into the open means axis (AA)." }] }, { "code" : "361187000", "display" : "Arthrotomy for removal of prosthesis of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code directly captures open removal of an implanted device (prosthesis) from the wrist joint, matching the core procedural intent; the SNOMED concept's specification of \"arthrotomy\" as the approach is absorbed into the open means (.AA), making ICHI slightly broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "44050002", "display" : "Arthrotomy for synovial biopsy of glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of joint structure of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures an open biopsy of the shoulder joint structure, which encompasses a synovial biopsy of the glenohumeral joint; ICHI is wider because \"joint structure\" is not specific to the synovial membrane, and the glenohumeral joint is not distinguished from other shoulder joints in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "20838005", "display" : "Arthrotomy of acromioclavicular joint for infection with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acromioclavicular joint falls within ICHI's shoulder joint block (MDJ), and drainage via open arthrotomy for infection is well captured by this code; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish the acromioclavicular from the glenohumeral joint, and does not specify the infectious indication." }] }, { "code" : "37036004", "display" : "Arthrotomy of acromioclavicular joint for infection with exploration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated acromioclavicular joint code; the acromioclavicular joint falls within the shoulder region block, so MDJ.FA.AA is the closest match but covers the shoulder joint broadly rather than the AC joint specifically. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies the purpose (infection) and includes exploration, neither of which is captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "88416005", "display" : "Arthrotomy of ankle with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drainage of the ankle joint is the primary clinical intent of this procedure, which ICHI captures with MNJ.JB.AA via open approach, closely aligning with arthrotomy with drainage; ICHI does not encode the arthrotomy step explicitly, so it is slightly wider." }] }, { "code" : "48946004", "display" : "Arthrotomy of ankle with exploration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNJ.FA.AA directly encodes open arthrotomy of the ankle joint, which is the core procedure. ICHI does not have a specific code for arthrotomy with exploration as a combined intent, so the ICHI code is broader — it covers arthrotomy generally without specifying that exploration was the purpose." }] }, { "code" : "21488001", "display" : "Arthrotomy of ankle with removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNJ.JD.AA captures the primary clinical objective (removal of foreign body from ankle joint) and the open approach aligns with arthrotomy. The ICHI code is marginally wider because it also encompasses removal of internal devices and does not explicitly name arthrotomy." }] }, { "code" : "74869001", "display" : "Arthrotomy of elbow for infection with exploration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open arthrotomy of the elbow joint but does not encode the infection context or the exploration qualifier; the SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "8021007", "display" : "Arthrotomy of elbow for infection with removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the primary operative purpose (open removal of foreign body from the elbow joint) but does not encode the infection context; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "62225001", "display" : "Arthrotomy of elbow with joint exploration and with biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of joint structure of elbow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the biopsy of the elbow joint structure (open, implied by the AA means axis), which is the defining purpose of this SNOMED procedure, but does not encode the exploration qualifier; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "51451002", "display" : "Arthrotomy of glenohumeral joint for infection with removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open removal of foreign body from the shoulder joint (glenohumeral = shoulder joint in ICHI terminology) but does not encode the infection context; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "87078009", "display" : "Arthrotomy of hip for removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the defining operative purpose — open removal of a foreign body from the hip joint — and the open approach is implied by the AA means axis, but ICHI does not distinguish device from foreign body or encode the arthrotomy route explicitly, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "1193575006", "display" : "Arthrotomy of hip for removal of loose body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the hip joint via open approach, which semantically encompasses removal of a loose body; however, it is broader because it includes removal of implanted devices and does not specify that the access route is an arthrotomy." }] }, { "code" : "128426007", "display" : "Arthrotomy of hip joint with exploration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's arthrotomy of hip joint is the closest structural match for open incision into the hip joint; it is wider because it does not specify that exploration (inspection of the joint interior) is the stated purpose of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "127595001", "display" : "Arthrotomy of knee with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drainage of knee joint is the primary functional equivalent of arthrotomy of the knee for drainage purposes; it is coded as wider because the ICHI code does not specify that the access route is an open arthrotomy and does not capture the incision component as a distinct element." }] }, { "code" : "26504003", "display" : "Arthrotomy of knee with joint exploration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arthrotomy of knee joint directly matches the open incision procedure; it is wider because the ICHI code does not encode that the purpose of the arthrotomy is joint exploration/inspection, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies exploration as the intent." }] }, { "code" : "708869009", "display" : "Arthrotomy with drainage of glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.JB.AA covers open drainage of the shoulder joint and closely matches the clinical intent of arthrotomy with drainage of the glenohumeral joint; however, ICHI's target \"shoulder joint\" (MDJ) encompasses the entire shoulder region including non-glenohumeral articulations, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26880002", "display" : "Arthrotomy with drainage of metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.JB.AA captures open drainage of a joint of the foot or toe, matching the procedural intent of arthrotomy with drainage; however, the ICHI target is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies the metatarsophalangeal joint rather than any foot or toe joint." }] }, { "code" : "79052004", "display" : "Arthrotomy with exploration of metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.FA.AA covers arthrotomy of any joint of foot or toe, which includes the metatarsophalangeal joint, but is broader in two ways: it does not specify the metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and the \"with exploration\" intent is subsumed within the arthrotomy action without being explicitly encoded." }] }, { "code" : "205881001", "display" : "Arthrotomy with removal of foreign body of metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.JD.AA captures removal of a foreign body from a joint of the foot or toe via open approach, which is the clinical substance of this SNOMED concept; it is wider because it covers any foot or toe joint rather than the metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and also includes removal of internal devices not just foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "208714009", "display" : "Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of interphalangeal joint of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A loose body is functionally equivalent to a foreign body in ICHI's action axis (JD = removal of device or foreign body), and MOJ.JD.AA is the open approach code covering any foot or toe joint; it is wider because it encompasses all foot/toe joints rather than the interphalangeal joint of the toe specifically." }] }, { "code" : "62823001", "display" : "Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of intertarsal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intertarsal joints are joints of the foot and fall within the MOJ block (interventions on joint of foot or toe); MOJ.JD.AA via open approach is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider because it is not specific to intertarsal joints and subsumes loose bodies under the broader \"foreign body\" action category." }] }, { "code" : "206811003", "display" : "Arthrotomy with removal of loose body of metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.JD.AA is the open-approach removal code for any joint of foot or toe, which covers the metatarsophalangeal joint; it is wider because it does not distinguish the metatarsophalangeal joint from other foot/toe joints, and it groups loose bodies with internal devices and foreign bodies under a single action code." }] }, { "code" : "56398008", "display" : "Arthrotomy with removal of prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies removal of a joint prosthesis via arthrotomy, while the ICHI code covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from any joint via open approach, making it broader in both the type of device removed and the joint site. The arthrotomy as the operative approach is implicit in the open means axis." }] }, { "code" : "236896006", "display" : "Artificial insemination by donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's uterine reproductive transfer code covers intrauterine insemination as a class of procedures but does not distinguish sperm source (donor vs partner), so the ICHI code is broader than this specific donor-insemination concept." }] }, { "code" : "236895005", "display" : "Artificial insemination by husband", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI uterine reproductive transfer code covers intrauterine insemination but does not differentiate between donor and partner (husband) sperm, so the ICHI code is broader than this partner-specific insemination concept." }] }, { "code" : "57233006", "display" : "Artificial insemination with spermatozoa washing and capacitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept adds a laboratory sperm preparation step (washing and capacitation) that ICHI does not represent; the uterine reproductive transfer code captures only the insemination procedure itself, making it broader and losing the sperm-preparation specificity." }] }, { "code" : "46249006", "display" : "Artificial insemination, heterologous", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Heterologous\" (donor-sperm) insemination is a sub-type of uterine reproductive transfer; ICHI does not encode the donor/heterologous distinction, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "66601000", "display" : "Artificial insemination, homologous", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Uterine reproductive transfer procedures\" covers the broader category of uterine reproductive transfer including insemination and embryo transfer, without distinguishing homologous (partner sperm) from heterologous (donor sperm). ICHI is coarser and does not encode the homologous/heterologous distinction." }] }, { "code" : "81220003", "display" : "Artificial pacemaker rate check", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check\" encompasses any functional check of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, of which a rate check is one component; the ICHI code is broader as it also covers defibrillator systems and other functional parameters beyond just rate." }] }, { "code" : "232552004", "display" : "Arytenoid adduction/rotation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.LC.AA", "display" : "Arytenoidopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arytenoid adduction/rotation (a surgical technique to reposition the arytenoid cartilage for vocal cord paralysis) falls within the scope of arytenoidopexy (fixation of the arytenoid), which is the closest available ICHI concept. Arytenoidopexy is broader as it covers any arytenoid fixation procedure, not specifically the adduction or rotation technique." }] }, { "code" : "248273008", "display" : "Aspiration curettage of uterus after delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suction curettage of the uterus is the correct ICHI code for the aspiration-curettage technique applied to the uterus, matching the procedure type exactly. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the postpartum/post-delivery clinical context present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "6092000", "display" : "Aspiration of nasal sinus by puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code explicitly covers puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration, matching the core procedure, but is classified under \"not elsewhere classified\" and also encompasses lavage, making it slightly broader than aspiration alone by puncture." }] }, { "code" : "440415005", "display" : "Aspiration of urinary bladder using suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous aspiration of the bladder, which aligns well with the suprapubic (percutaneous) route of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not specify that a catheter is used, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which requires a suprapubic catheter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "362988006", "display" : "Aspiration of urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI category code covers aspiration of the urinary tract as a whole; ICHI has site-specific codes (bladder, kidney, etc.) but no generic \"urinary tract aspiration\" category. The urinary system block is assigned as the best available grouping, which is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "737586005", "display" : "Assessment for admission to adult intensive care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, covering any whole-person health assessment regardless of setting or purpose; ICHI has no code specifically representing a structured eligibility assessment for ICU admission." }] }, { "code" : "765059005", "display" : "Assessment for crisis intervention", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Crisis intervention\" assessment in SNOMED is a specific evaluation of an individual's mental state in acute distress, which falls within the domain of mental functions assessment. AS1.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers any mental functions assessment and is not specific to crisis situations." }] }, { "code" : "704962008", "display" : "Assessment for post-laryngectomy rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JU1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of voice and speech functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-laryngectomy rehabilitation assessment primarily concerns evaluation of voice and speech restoration, which maps best to JU1.AA.ZZ. However, ICHI is broader — this code covers any voice and speech function assessment, not specifically the post-laryngectomy rehabilitation context." }] }, { "code" : "268388007", "display" : "Assessment for rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific \"rehabilitation needs assessment\" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available code representing a broad, whole-person clinical evaluation. It is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically implies assessment oriented toward determining or planning a rehabilitation programme." }] }, { "code" : "441829007", "display" : "Assessment for risk of cardiovascular disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly and is the best available ICHI code for this concept. It is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any cardiovascular functional assessment rather than specifically a risk stratification or screening for cardiovascular disease." }] }, { "code" : "772787001", "display" : "Assessment for risk of delirium", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delirium is characterised by acute disturbance of awareness and alertness, and ATC.AA.ZZ sits precisely in the \"Interventions on awareness and alertness functions\" block — the closest structural match in ICHI. However, the ICHI code covers assessment of awareness and alertness generally and does not specify risk prediction." }] }, { "code" : "718022007", "display" : "Assessment for risk of harm to others", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of community violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Harm to others in a clinical risk-assessment context maps most closely to violence directed at others, and the ICHI community violence behaviours block (VBC) is the best available fit. The ICHI code covers assessment of violence behaviours in the community broadly rather than individual risk screening." }] }, { "code" : "698527003", "display" : "Assessment for risk of self harm", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self-harm behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBA.AA.ZZ sits in the dedicated \"Interventions on self-harm behaviours\" block (VBA) within the violence-related behaviours section, making it the closest semantic match available in ICHI. The ICHI code covers assessment of self-harm behaviours generally and does not specify risk prediction." }] }, { "code" : "710829000", "display" : "Assessment of active range of motion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MTB.AA.ZZ is the specific ICHI code for assessing joint mobility, which is the functional measurement underlying range of motion. The ICHI code is broader because it covers joint mobility assessment in general — it does not distinguish active (patient-performed) from passive (clinician-performed) range of motion." }] }, { "code" : "710834001", "display" : "Assessment of attitude toward health status", "target" : [{ "code" : "UD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attitudes, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attitudes in general (unspecified), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about attitudes toward health status. ICHI does not have a more specific code for attitudes directed at one's own health status, so the best available code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "165184000", "display" : "Assessment of body build", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of body composition", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Body build\" in SNOMED refers to the physical form and structure of the body (frame, habitus), which is closely aligned with body composition assessment in ICHI. PZA.AA.ZZ is slightly broader — body composition also covers fat/muscle ratios and similar measurements — but it is the closest available ICHI code and covers the core clinical intent." }] }, { "code" : "410122002", "display" : "Assessment of compliance with medication regimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications in general, which is broader than specifically assessing a patient's compliance or adherence to their prescribed regimen. However, it is the closest available ICHI category — situated in the environment/products chapter under medicaments — and subsumes the clinical activity described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443598005", "display" : "Assessment of consciousness level using Adelaide pediatric modified Glasgow coma scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATC.AC.ZZ (Test of awareness and alertness functions) maps cleanly to the clinical act of applying a structured coma scale — Glasgow Coma Scale variants are standardised tests of consciousness/alertness. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of awareness/alertness, not specifically the Adelaide paediatric modified GCS instrument." }] }, { "code" : "709545009", "display" : "Assessment of decisional conflict", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of decision making", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCL.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the decision-making activity domain, which encompasses decisional conflict (the uncertainty a patient experiences when choosing between options). The ICHI code is wider because it covers decision-making assessment broadly, not the specific construct of decisional conflict as defined in nursing literature." }] }, { "code" : "473203000", "display" : "Assessment of dementia", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dementia is characterised by decline in intellectual (cognitive) functions, making ATE.AA.ZZ the best available ICHI match. The code is wider because it covers assessment of intellectual functions generally, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically directed at diagnosing or staging dementia." }] }, { "code" : "710846002", "display" : "Assessment of depressed mood", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Depressed mood is a specific emotional function; AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is its closest ICHI parent, as ICHI does not offer a more granular code targeting depressed mood specifically. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all emotional functions, not only depression or low mood." }] }, { "code" : "57231000087108", "display" : "Assessment of destructive behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Destructive behaviour in clinical contexts is understood as a manifestation of temperament and personality dysfunction (impulse control, aggression), making ATH.AA.ZZ the closest ICHI fit; no more specific ICHI code for destructive behaviour or aggression assessment exists. The code is wider as it covers all temperament and personality assessment." }] }, { "code" : "473208009", "display" : "Assessment of diabetic erectile dysfunction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Erectile dysfunction is a sexual function, so NUA.AA.ZZ covers the correct functional domain. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses all sexual functions and does not distinguish erectile dysfunction specifically, nor the diabetic aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "16681000202103", "display" : "Assessment of elevated mood", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Elevated mood (mania or hypomania) is a specific emotional function, and AUD.AA.ZZ covers the correct domain, but ICHI provides no code more specific than assessment of emotional functions broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "712804001", "display" : "Assessment of environmental risk", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the natural environment and human-made environmental changes, which broadly encompasses environmental risk assessment, but ICHI does not have a code specifically for risk assessment as a distinct act — the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "709475001", "display" : "Assessment of fear", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no fear-specific assessment code; fear is classified within the ICF/ICHI emotional functions domain, and AUD.AA.ZZ is the assignable category for assessing emotional functions as a whole — making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets fear specifically." }] }, { "code" : "733864003", "display" : "Assessment of fine motor function", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fine motor function (precision finger/hand movements, ICF b147) falls within the psychomotor functions domain that AUC.AA.ZZ covers, but the ICHI code encompasses all psychomotor functions — not fine motor specifically — making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "901681000000103", "display" : "Assessment of fitness for work", "target" : [{ "code" : "SUG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in remunerative employment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fitness-for-work assessment is a specific clinical determination of a person's capacity to perform their job, while SUG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engagement in paid employment more broadly; no dedicated ICHI code exists for the occupational health fitness-for-work concept specifically." }] }, { "code" : "372114004", "display" : "Assessment of hypovolemia risk factors", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypovolemia (intravascular volume depletion) is a manifestation of disrupted water and electrolyte balance, so ETE.AA.ZZ covers the relevant physiological domain, but the ICHI code is broader — addressing the full water/mineral/electrolyte system rather than risk factors for hypovolemia specifically." }] }, { "code" : "733869008", "display" : "Assessment of information processing", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Information processing (the capacity to receive, integrate, and use sensory and cognitive input) is a component of higher-level cognitive functions (ICF b164), making AUH.AA.ZZ the best available match, though the ICHI code encompasses the entire higher-level cognitive functions domain beyond information processing alone." }] }, { "code" : "705034009", "display" : "Assessment of lower limb using lymphedema quality of life tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life test instruments applied to the whole person, which encompasses the use of a lymphedema-specific QoL tool, but the ICHI code carries no specificity to lower limb lymphedema as the target condition or body region." }] }, { "code" : "852831000000108", "display" : "Assessment of medical fitness to drive", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of driving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SKD.AA.ZZ is placed in the activities-and-participation domain for driving and directly concerns evaluation of a person's driving ability; the SNOMED concept adds the specific clinical framing of medical fitness determination, which the ICHI code does not encode, making ICHI broader." }] }, { "code" : "56861000087102", "display" : "Assessment of medication-induced extrapyramidal symptoms", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of involuntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia) are a subset of involuntary movement phenomena, so MVF.AA.ZZ captures the movement phenotype being assessed; however, ICHI does not encode the medication-induced aetiology or the specific EPS syndrome context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1217125005", "display" : "Assessment of nausea", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTQ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sensations associated with the digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nausea is a sensation associated with the digestive system and falls within the scope of KTQ.AA.ZZ, which covers all digestive sensations (nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort) rather than nausea alone, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710830005", "display" : "Assessment of passive range of motion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of joint mobility broadly, which encompasses passive range of motion assessment; however, ICHI does not distinguish between active and passive movement testing, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "371580005", "display" : "Assessment of past history", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for reviewing a patient's past medical history; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under \"Interventions on whole person\") is the closest match but is substantially broader, covering the full general health assessment rather than the history-taking component alone." }] }, { "code" : "370777003", "display" : "Assessment of pre-existing conditions that predispose to inadequate tissue perfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for assessing risk factors predisposing to inadequate tissue perfusion; ITB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of blood vessel functions) is the closest functional match under the circulatory system, but is broader in scope as it covers general blood vessel function rather than perfusion-risk-factor assessment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "568221000005109", "display" : "Assessment of pregnancy induced edema", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any pregnancy-related function, which subsumes the specific SNOMED concept of assessing pregnancy-induced edema; ICHI provides no code at the granularity of a single pregnancy complication such as edema." }] }, { "code" : "370779000", "display" : "Assessment of psychosocial issues specific to patient medication management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications broadly, which encompasses the procedural act of assessing a patient's medication situation. The SNOMED concept is narrower in scope — it specifically focuses on the psychosocial issues bearing on medication management, whereas the ICHI code covers medications assessment in general without restricting to the psychosocial dimension." }] }, { "code" : "370780002", "display" : "Assessment of psychosocial issues specific to patient nutritional status", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept concerns psychosocial factors as they relate specifically to nutritional status, but no ICHI code exists that jointly captures psychosocial + nutrition assessment; ATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions) is the closest match on the psychosocial axis and is broader because it covers all psychosocial functions rather than those specific to nutritional status." }] }, { "code" : "711051002", "display" : "Assessment of readiness for discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 (Discharge planning) is an ICHI extension code covering the broader planning process around patient discharge, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to assessing readiness for discharge — a subset of the full discharge planning activity, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "15151000202109", "display" : "Assessment of residence and accommodation circumstances", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code and covers assessment of housing at the systems and policy level, whereas the SNOMED concept is about assessing an individual patient's specific residence and accommodation circumstances — a personal/environmental factor evaluation — so the ICHI code is broader and oriented toward service/policy assessment." }] }, { "code" : "711053004", "display" : "Assessment of risk for apnea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of respiration function broadly, which encompasses the physiological domain within which apnea risk is evaluated; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to apnea or to risk assessment as a distinct activity." }] }, { "code" : "709510001", "display" : "Assessment of risk for disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available whole-person health assessment code in ICHI and represents the closest match to a generic disease risk assessment; it is wider because it covers general health evaluation rather than being limited to disease risk specifically." }] }, { "code" : "711054005", "display" : "Assessment of risk for falls on admission", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a dedicated falls risk assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available code and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to falls risk at the point of hospital admission." }] }, { "code" : "709511002", "display" : "Assessment of risk for hospital acquired complication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for hospital-acquired complication risk assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest applicable whole-person assessment code and is wider than this SNOMED concept, which targets a specific inpatient safety risk category." }] }, { "code" : "737396000", "display" : "Assessment of risk from bed rail use", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to bed rails or their associated risks; UAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any assistive/daily-living product or technology, of which a bed rail is one instance, making it a broader but structurally appropriate match." }] }, { "code" : "713139009", "display" : "Assessment of risk of adverse drug interaction", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of medications in general, which includes reviewing for interactions; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically scoped to risk of adverse drug interactions rather than medication assessment overall." }] }, { "code" : "713088006", "display" : "Assessment of risk of ineffective tissue perfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code dedicated to tissue perfusion risk assessment; HT2.AA.ZZ is the nearest functional match as inadequate tissue perfusion is fundamentally a cardiovascular function problem, though the ICHI code is broader, covering all cardiovascular function assessment rather than perfusion specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709513004", "display" : "Assessment of risk of thermoregulation disruption", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thermoregulatory function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AA.ZZ is a strong match at the domain level — both concern thermoregulatory function assessment — but the ICHI code covers thermoregulatory assessment broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to risk assessment for thermoregulation disruption, making ICHI the wider concept." }] }, { "code" : "713136002", "display" : "Assessment of risk of violence", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of violence-related behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about assessing the risk (likelihood) of future violence — a narrower clinical purpose; the ICHI code is the closest available match within the dedicated violence behaviours block but does not distinguish risk stratification from general behavioural assessment." }] }, { "code" : "443693006", "display" : "Assessment of self medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAD.AA.ZZ targets assessment of how a person uses pharmaceuticals, which closely aligns with assessing self-medication practices; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all pharmaceutical-use behaviour, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about self-administered medication without professional direction." }] }, { "code" : "712550005", "display" : "Assessment of self-care of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMC.AA.ZZ is the assessment code for caring for body parts (an activities-and-participation domain under self-care), which encompasses skin care as a specific instance; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all body parts, not skin specifically, and no skin-specific self-care assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "57251000087104", "display" : "Assessment of signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood pressure functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITA.AA.ZZ is the ICHI code for assessing blood pressure functions, which is the primary physiological domain involved in orthostatic hypotension; however, it does not specify the postural/orthostatic context or the signs-and-symptoms framing, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "56881000087108", "display" : "Assessment of signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about evaluating signs and symptoms indicative of urinary tract infection — a narrower, infection-focused clinical activity; no ICHI code exists that captures infection-specific symptom assessment of the lower urinary tract." }] }, { "code" : "58371000087104", "display" : "Assessment of signs of spiritual distress", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of religious and spiritual engagement, but it does not capture the clinical notion of \"spiritual distress\" — a state of suffering affecting one's relationship to meaning, purpose, or the transcendent — making the ICHI code broader and the SNOMED concept more clinically focused." }] }, { "code" : "330241000146101", "display" : "Assessment of social participation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SX1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SX1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engaging in community, social, and civic life broadly, which includes social participation but is wider in scope (adds community and civic dimensions); the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the domain of social participation, making ICHI slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "711017001", "display" : "Assessment of spiritual belief", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.AA.ZZ assesses engagement in religion and spirituality as an activity domain, which subsumes spiritual belief but is broader — it encompasses religious practice and participation, not just the assessment of beliefs held, while the SNOMED concept is more focused on eliciting a patient's spiritual or religious beliefs specifically." }] }, { "code" : "473206008", "display" : "Assessment of stoma self-care", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of self care in general with no specification of body site or appliance type; the SNOMED concept narrows this to stoma self-care specifically, and no ICHI code exists for stoma-specific self-care assessment, making SM1.AA.ZZ the best available but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "370782005", "display" : "Assessment of susceptibility for infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest match addresses the immunological system broadly, which subsumes susceptibility to infection as a key component of immune function; however, ICHI does not have a code specifically for infection susceptibility assessment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711014008", "display" : "Assessment of tissue perfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to tissue perfusion assessment; \"Assessment of blood vessel functions\" is the closest fit as it covers vascular function evaluation, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically focuses on tissue-level perfusion status." }] }, { "code" : "705033003", "display" : "Assessment of upper limb using lymphedema quality of life tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to lymphedema or upper limb quality of life measurement; \"Test of quality of life\" is the nearest available code but is substantially broader, covering any quality-of-life instrument applied to any condition, without the anatomical specificity (upper limb) or disease specificity (lymphedema) of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450834006", "display" : "Assessment of ureterostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ureterostomy is a specific type of urinary stoma, but ICHI has no dedicated ureterostomy assessment code; PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to a ureterostomy tube." }] }, { "code" : "268390008", "display" : "Assessment of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for assessment of the urinary bladder as an anatomical structure; NAN.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the entire urinary system, making it broader than the SNOMED concept focused on the bladder alone." }] }, { "code" : "385960004", "display" : "Assessment of urinary bladder care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept concerns assessment of the care regimen for urinary bladder management (a nursing/care-planning concept), for which ICHI has no specific equivalent; NAN.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general urinary system assessment, but is broader and does not capture the \"care assessment\" dimension specifically." }] }, { "code" : "56891000087105", "display" : "Assessment of walking fatigue", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of walking as an activity/participation domain, which subsumes walking fatigue as one aspect of walking performance; however, ICHI has no code specific to the fatigue dimension of walking, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept which is specifically focused on the fatigue component experienced during walking." }] }, { "code" : "717274000", "display" : "Assessment using 12 item General Health Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GHQ-12 is a standardised questionnaire test of global psychosocial/mental health status, which aligns well with \"Test of global psychosocial functions.\" ICHI is wider because it covers all methods of testing global psychosocial functions, not just the specific 12-item GHQ instrument, and does not encode item-count variants." }] }, { "code" : "718378001", "display" : "Assessment using 20 item General Health Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GHQ-20 is semantically identical in purpose to the GHQ-12 — a standardised psychosocial screening test — and maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish between item-count variants or named instruments." }] }, { "code" : "715679003", "display" : "Assessment using 26 item Eating Attitudes Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EAT-26 is a standardised screening test of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, which maps well to \"Test of eating behaviours\" in the lifestyle-related behaviours hierarchy. ICHI is wider because it covers any method of testing eating behaviours, not specifically the named EAT-26 instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718320005", "display" : "Assessment using 28-item General Health Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GHQ-28 is a standardised test of global psychosocial health and maps to the same ICHI code as the other GHQ variants; ICHI is wider because it does not encode the specific instrument or item count." }] }, { "code" : "717273006", "display" : "Assessment using 30 item General Health Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GHQ-30 is a standardised psychosocial screening questionnaire and maps to the same ICHI code as all other GHQ variants; ICHI is wider as it captures the class of intervention without distinguishing instrument name or length." }] }, { "code" : "714471004", "display" : "Assessment using Aachen Aphasia Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Aachen Aphasia Test is a formal standardised test of language function, which maps closely to ICHI action AC (Test) on target AUI (mental functions of language). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language function, while the SNOMED concept specifies one particular named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "770637008", "display" : "Assessment using Abbey Pain Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Abbey Pain Scale is a behavioural observation tool for assessing pain in non-verbal patients, which maps directly to the ICHI target AXA (pain) with action AA (Assessment). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any method of pain assessment, not just this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1359736003", "display" : "Assessment using Abbreviated Mental Test Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The AMTS is a brief multi-domain cognitive screen covering orientation, memory, and concentration across several mental function domains, making the global mental functions code a better fit than any single-domain code such as memory or orientation alone. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all methods of assessing global mental functions, not just this instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718332009", "display" : "Assessment using Acceptance of Illness Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Acceptance of Illness Scale measures psychological adaptation and emotional adjustment to chronic disease, which falls within the ICHI domain of global psychosocial functions. The ICHI code is wider because it covers broad psychosocial function assessment rather than illness acceptance specifically." }] }, { "code" : "450745001", "display" : "Assessment using action for dysphasic adults comprehension battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dysphasia is a disorder of language mental functions, and the \"action for dysphasic adults comprehension battery\" is a structured test instrument, making the \"Test\" (AC action) variant the better fit over generic \"Assessment.\" ICHI covers all mental language function testing broadly, so it is wider than this specific comprehension battery for dysphasia." }] }, { "code" : "443227006", "display" : "Assessment using activities-specific balance confidence scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of maintaining body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ABC scale is a self-report measure of confidence in performing daily activities without losing balance, which maps to the ICHI activities-and-participation domain of maintaining body position. ICHI is wider as it covers any form of assessment of this function, not specifically a confidence/self-efficacy scale." }] }, { "code" : "774199000", "display" : "Assessment using ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male) questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ADAM questionnaire screens for androgen (testosterone) deficiency, which is a disorder of endocrine gland function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, covering any endocrine gland function assessment rather than specifically male androgen deficiency." }] }, { "code" : "473303003", "display" : "Assessment using Addenbrooke's cognitive examination revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ACE-R is a standardised multi-domain cognitive test battery assessing higher-level cognitive functions such as memory, language, and attention; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the best structural match, though it is broader as it does not specify the ACE-R instrument or its multi-domain scope." }] }, { "code" : "445662007", "display" : "Assessment using Addiction Research Foundation Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CIWA-Ar is a structured rating scale specifically for quantifying alcohol withdrawal severity, which is a clinical state following alcohol use; VAA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is wider, covering assessment of alcohol use behaviours generally rather than withdrawal severity specifically." }] }, { "code" : "774200002", "display" : "Assessment using Additional treatment, Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, Separation of deep tissue, Isolation of bacteria, duration of inpatient Stay scoring method", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to surgical wound infection scoring; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the least-wrong available code, but it is substantially broader than the ASEPSIS scoring method, which is a targeted post-operative wound infection grading tool applied to a specific anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "446967005", "display" : "Assessment using adolescent/adult sensory profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sensory functions not classified elsewhere, which aligns with the Sensory Profile's purpose of evaluating sensory processing patterns, but it is broader in that it encompasses any sensory function assessment rather than the standardised sensory-processing questionnaire specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446961006", "display" : "Assessment using adult comorbidity evaluation-27", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACE-27 is a validated instrument for grading the severity of co-existing medical conditions to characterise overall health burden; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment at the whole-person level) is the closest available ICHI code but is far broader, capturing any general health assessment rather than structured comorbidity grading." }] }, { "code" : "445627002", "display" : "Assessment using adult early warning scoring system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Early warning scoring systems aggregate multi-parameter physiological observations to detect acute clinical deterioration, a function not represented by any specific ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest applicable code at the whole-person assessment level but does not capture the surveillance or deterioration-detection intent of the EWS." }] }, { "code" : "774197003", "display" : "Assessment using Affect Balance Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Affect Balance Scale directly measures emotional states (positive and negative affect) to quantify psychological wellbeing, making AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) the most specific available ICHI code; it is wider because it covers all emotional function assessment rather than the specific affect-balance methodology." }] }, { "code" : "774087005", "display" : "Assessment using Age, Blood pressure, Clinical features, Duration, Diabetes 2 score", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ABCD2 score is a structured clinical scoring tool specifically for predicting short-term stroke risk after a TIA, which falls within neurological assessment; \"not elsewhere classified\" is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader than this specific multi-parameter risk stratification tool." }] }, { "code" : "446789002", "display" : "Assessment using ages and stages questionnaire second edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ASQ-2 is a standardised parent-completed developmental screening questionnaire for children covering communication, gross/fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social domains, which maps closely to \"Assessment of growth and development\" in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the questionnaire instrument, edition, or the paediatric age range." }] }, { "code" : "448616000", "display" : "Assessment using ages and stages questionnaires third edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ASQ-3 is the updated version of the same developmental screening questionnaire as ASQ-2 and maps to the same ICHI code for the same reasons; both editions are subsumed under the broader \"Assessment of growth and development\" category with no ICHI distinction between instrument versions." }] }, { "code" : "781139008", "display" : "Assessment using AIMS2 (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AIMS2 is a validated multidimensional questionnaire measuring physical, social, and psychological health status in arthritis patients; \"Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified\" captures the musculoskeletal focus of the instrument, though it is considerably broader and does not capture the functional/quality-of-life dimensions of AIMS2." }] }, { "code" : "1290003007", "display" : "Assessment using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of brain, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ASPECTS is a standardised scoring method applied to a brain CT image to quantify early ischaemic changes in acute stroke; the closest ICHI code captures the imaging procedure (CT of brain) but does not encode the scoring/assessment activity layered on top of it. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any plain CT of the brain, not specifically the ASPECTS-score interpretation." }] }, { "code" : "774091000", "display" : "Assessment using Alcohol Dependence Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Alcohol Dependence Scale is a structured psychometric instrument used to quantify severity of alcohol dependence, which falls squarely within assessing alcohol use behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any form of alcohol use behaviour assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to the ADS instrument measuring dependence severity." }] }, { "code" : "450760003", "display" : "Assessment using alcohol use disorders identification test", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUDIT is a validated screening test (10-item questionnaire) for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, making it a \"test\" of alcohol use behaviours rather than a broader assessment. VAA.AC.ZZ is the best match but is still wider, as it encompasses any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than specifically the AUDIT instrument." }] }, { "code" : "774090004", "display" : "Assessment using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Primary Care", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUDIT-PC is the abbreviated primary care version of AUDIT — a brief screening test for alcohol use disorders — mapping to the same ICHI \"test of alcohol use behaviours\" code as the full AUDIT. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the AUDIT-PC instrument specifically nor the primary care setting context." }] }, { "code" : "445628007", "display" : "Assessment using alcohol withdrawal scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An alcohol withdrawal scale (e.g. CIWA-Ar) measures the severity of acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms, which is an assessment concerning alcohol use and its consequences; VAA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code. It is wider because ICHI does not have a dedicated code for withdrawal symptom severity assessment and the category covers all alcohol use behaviour assessments broadly." }] }, { "code" : "714359006", "display" : "Assessment using Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ADAS is a structured standardised test (cognitive + non-cognitive subscales spanning memory, language, praxis, attention, and behaviour), which maps to the \"Test\" action (AC) on the global mental functions target (AT2) — the broadest mental function grouping. ICHI lacks any Alzheimer-specific or multi-domain cognitive scale code, so this residual global mental functions category is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715326003", "display" : "Assessment using American Association on Mental Retardation Adaptive Behavior Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adaptive behaviour scales measure practical real-world functioning that operationalises intellectual disability, placing them squarely within the intellectual functions target (ATE); the \"Test\" action (AC) reflects the standardised scale format. ICHI has no dedicated adaptive behaviour code, so this is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "870189003", "display" : "Assessment using American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index-Daily Diary", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GCSI-DD is a patient-reported daily symptom diary targeting gastroparesis, a gastric motility disorder — a functional impairment of the digestive system — which falls under the digestive functions target (KTE) with the assessment action (AA). ICHI contains no gastroparesis-specific or patient-diary code, making this broader category the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "774088000", "display" : "Assessment using American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ASA-PS is a pre-anesthetic classification of a patient's overall physical health status across all body systems, which maps best to the whole-person general health assessment target (PZB) in ICHI. No pre-anesthetic risk stratification or surgical fitness assessment code exists in ICHI, so this general code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718645000", "display" : "Assessment using Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ALSFRS-R is a multi-domain functional rating scale for ALS/MND covering bulbar, upper and lower limb motor, and respiratory domains, making it a comprehensive neurological assessment rather than a single-domain movement test; the NEC neurological assessment code (AZZ.AA.ZZ) best captures this multi-system neurological scope. ICHI has no ALS-specific or multi-domain motor neuron disease functional scale code." }] }, { "code" : "716849001", "display" : "Assessment using ANELT (Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ANELT is a standardized test instrument measuring functional verbal communication in aphasic patients, which maps squarely to the \"Test of mental functions of language\" target axis (AUI = mental functions of language, AC = test). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all language mental function testing rather than the specific ANELT instrument assessing functional everyday communication." }] }, { "code" : "715321008", "display" : "Assessment using Anomalous Sentences Repetition Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Anomalous Sentences Repetition Test assesses auditory language comprehension and verbal repetition, both of which are mental functions of language; the AUI target axis specifically covers language mental functions and AC denotes a test procedure. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all language mental function testing rather than this specific instrument targeting auditory comprehension and repetition." }] }, { "code" : "445814003", "display" : "Assessment using anorexia nervosa stages of change questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The anorexia nervosa stages of change questionnaire measures motivational readiness to change eating behaviours, which falls within the eating behaviours target domain (VEA); the AA action axis denotes assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of eating behaviours generally, while the SNOMED concept specifically assesses motivational/psychological readiness to change in the context of anorexia nervosa." }] }, { "code" : "763242009", "display" : "Assessment using Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ACB Scale evaluates the cumulative anticholinergic burden of a patient's medication regimen, which is fundamentally an assessment of medications (UAC = medicaments target, AA = assessment action). The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all medication assessment rather than specifically scoring anticholinergic drug burden and its cognitive impact." }] }, { "code" : "781141009", "display" : "Assessment using APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "APACHE II is a composite ICU severity-of-illness scoring system integrating acute physiological parameters, age, and chronic health status across multiple organ systems, making it a whole-person general health assessment (PZB = whole person target, AA = assessment action). The ICHI code is wider because it captures any general health assessment, whereas APACHE II is a specific validated scoring tool used to predict ICU mortality risk." }] }, { "code" : "781143007", "display" : "Assessment using APACHE III (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ICU illness-severity or mortality-prediction scoring systems; \"General health assessment\" (whole-person target, assessment action) is the broadest applicable code but encompasses far more than the APACHE III composite physiological score. No narrower code exists in ICHI for prognostic severity scoring in critical care." }] }, { "code" : "1351473004", "display" : "Assessment using APACHE IV (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "APACHE IV is a later revision of the same ICU severity-scoring methodology as APACHE III, and maps to the same ICHI code for the same reason — ICHI has no concept granular enough to represent mortality-prediction scoring in intensive care, making the whole-person general health assessment the only viable landing point." }] }, { "code" : "715396009", "display" : "Assessment using Aphasia Screening Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aphasia is a disorder of the mental functions of language, and the Aphasia Screening Test is a formal test instrument targeting that domain; AUI.AC.ZZ (target = mental functions of language, action = test, means = unspecified) captures both the action and the domain correctly. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language functions, not exclusively an aphasia screen." }] }, { "code" : "774097001", "display" : "Assessment using Apnea Hypopnea Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AI.AH", "display" : "Polysomnogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Apnea Hypopnea Index is a derived metric calculated from polysomnographic data (apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep), making the polysomnogram the closest procedural match in ICHI; ATK.AI.AH is wider because it represents the full overnight sleep study rather than the specific AHI calculation alone." }] }, { "code" : "716211005", "display" : "Assessment using Apraxia Battery for Adults", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of sequencing complex movements", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Apraxia is clinically defined as an impairment of the mental functions of sequencing complex movements, and the Apraxia Battery for Adults is a standardised test instrument for that domain; AUK.AC.ZZ (target = mental functions of sequencing complex movements, action = test) maps accurately to the purpose of the assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of this function, not exclusively the ABA instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716875002", "display" : "Assessment using APT (Attention Process Training) Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The APT Test is a standardised test battery specifically targeting sustained, selective, alternating, and divided attention, which maps directly to the ICHI \"attention functions\" target (AUA) with the Test action (AC). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of attention functions and is not specific to the APT instrument or its multi-domain structure." }] }, { "code" : "716727004", "display" : "Assessment using Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ABCD battery evaluates cognitive-communicative abilities in dementia across memory, orientation, language, and visuospatial domains, which falls under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. The code is wider because it does not capture the specific focus on communication disorders or dementia context, and the ABCD also spans language functions (AUI) which are not reflected in this single code." }] }, { "code" : "446219005", "display" : "Assessment using Arnadottir Occupational Therapy Activities of Daily Living Neurobehavioral Evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The A-ONE assessment rates ADL task performance (the primary observable output coded here as self-care test) while simultaneously profiling underlying neurobehavioral impairments, so the ICHI code is wider as it captures only the ADL/self-care dimension and does not reflect the instrument's concurrent neurobehavioral evaluation component." }] }, { "code" : "445809002", "display" : "Assessment using arthritis hand function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The AHFT measures hand-specific functional movement (grip strength, pinch, dexterity, timed tasks) in arthritis patients, which sits within the musculoskeletal movement functions block in ICHI. The code is wider because it covers all movement function tests regardless of body region, disease context, or the specific combination of grip, pinch, and task-timing measures the AHFT uses." }] }, { "code" : "446766005", "display" : "Assessment using Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AIMS is a multi-domain patient-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of arthritis across physical, social, pain, and psychological domains — aligning with the whole-person quality-of-life test in ICHI. The code is wider because it applies to any quality-of-life test and does not specify arthritis, the particular domains covered, or the instrument's disease-specific focus." }] }, { "code" : "445815002", "display" : "Assessment using assessment of communication and interaction skill version 4.0", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ACIS (Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills) is a structured observational tool rating a person's social interaction and communication performance during occupation; SR1.AA.ZZ covers interpersonal interaction assessment broadly but does not specify the standardised ACIS instrument or its occupational performance context. ICHI is wider than this specific named assessment." }] }, { "code" : "718725002", "display" : "Assessment using Assessment of Comprehension and Expression 6-11", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ACE 6-11 is a standardised battery specifically assessing language comprehension and expression in children aged 6-11; AUI.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions of language generally, which encompasses both comprehension and expression but is broader as it does not specify the named instrument, age range, or paediatric focus." }] }, { "code" : "716776005", "display" : "Assessment using Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dysarthric speech intelligibility is fundamentally a motor speech/articulation function deficit; JUD.AA.ZZ (assessment of articulation functions) is the most specific available ICHI code for this domain. The ICHI code is wider because it covers articulation assessment broadly, not specifically the standardised AIDS instrument or its intelligibility rating methodology." }] }, { "code" : "718323007", "display" : "Assessment using Assessment Protocol of Pragmatic Linguistic Skills", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pragmatic linguistic skills — the functional use of language in social context — fall within the domain of mental functions of language; AUI.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code covering language function assessment. It is wider than this concept because it does not specify pragmatics as a subdomain nor the standardised APPLS instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763078008", "display" : "Assessment using Asthma Control Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Asthma Control Questionnaire is a disease-specific patient-reported measure of asthma symptom control, whereas JTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of respiration function broadly with no asthma-specific counterpart available in ICHI. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715814000", "display" : "Assessment using Attentional Capacity Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUA.AC.ZZ directly represents a formal test of attention functions, aligning well with the Attentional Capacity Test; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any test of attention functions and is not limited to the specific capacity/span paradigm of this particular instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763302001", "display" : "Assessment using AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption)", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The AUDIT-C is a validated 3-item screening test specifically targeting alcohol consumption quantity and frequency, and VAA.AC.ZZ (Test of alcohol use behaviours) is the closest ICHI code covering formal testing of alcohol use; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than this specific validated instrument." }] }, { "code" : "717275004", "display" : "Assessment using Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences evaluates a person's ability to understand spoken language — a specific test of language mental functions. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader, covering all language mental function testing rather than specifically auditory/sentence comprehension." }] }, { "code" : "716370001", "display" : "Assessment using Augmentative Communication Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Augmentative Communication Profile assesses communication abilities and AAC needs in people with severe communication impairments — fundamentally an assessment of language function. AUI.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as ICHI has no code specific to AAC or alternative/augmentative communication assessment." }] }, { "code" : "865922007", "display" : "Assessment using Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire is a standardised tool to screen for autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by global psychosocial and social interaction impairments; ATF.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI fit, though it is broader since ICHI has no specific code for autism spectrum screening." }] }, { "code" : "715910005", "display" : "Assessment using BaFPE (Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BaFPE is an occupational therapy tool evaluating task performance and social interaction to assess overall functional performance in psychiatric populations. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though broader — ICHI lacks a code for occupational performance evaluation or psychiatric functional assessment." }] }, { "code" : "715890005", "display" : "Assessment using Bangor Dyslexia Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bangor Dyslexia Test is a structured assessment of reading and language abilities specifically designed to identify dyslexia, while ICHI's \"Test of reading\" captures the reading domain but is broader — it covers any reading test rather than one targeting dyslexia specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716844006", "display" : "Assessment using Bankson Language Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bankson Language Test is a standardized instrument measuring language skills (semantics, morphology, syntax) in children, which maps well to ICHI's \"Test of mental functions of language\"; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any language function test rather than this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718992004", "display" : "Assessment using BAS-3 (British Ability Scales Third Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAS-3 is a comprehensive cognitive ability battery measuring intellectual and cognitive functions in children and adolescents, aligning with ICHI's \"Test of intellectual functions\"; the ICHI code is broader as it is not specific to this instrument or to the multi-domain cognitive battery format." }] }, { "code" : "105491000220107", "display" : "Assessment using Basic Periodontal Examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) is a structured periodontal probing and scoring procedure specific to the periodontium (gums and supporting tissues), while ICHI's \"Dental examination\" is the closest available code but encompasses all dental examination broadly, with no dedicated periodontal assessment code in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "763232007", "display" : "Assessment using BASMI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BASMI is a disease-specific composite index measuring spinal and hip mobility in ankylosing spondylitis using five physical measurements, while ICHI's \"Assessment of joint mobility\" is the best structural match but is broader — it applies to any joint, any condition, and any assessment approach rather than this validated index." }] }, { "code" : "1296652000", "display" : "Assessment using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BASDAI is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure quantifying inflammatory disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis across multiple symptom domains (fatigue, pain, stiffness, enthesitis); ICHI provides no named-scale or disease-specific code, so the generic musculoskeletal system assessment NEC is the best available fit, but it is considerably broader than the specific tool." }] }, { "code" : "1296650008", "display" : "Assessment using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BASFI measures physical function and disability in ankylosing spondylitis through tasks heavily dependent on spinal and peripheral joint mobility and flexibility; MTB.AA.ZZ captures the dominant functional domain assessed, though BASFI also includes broader daily-activity items not limited to joint mobility alone." }] }, { "code" : "715911009", "display" : "Assessment using Bayley Scales of Infant Development", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bayley Scales comprehensively assess infant development across cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behaviour domains; AT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for a broad multi-domain developmental assessment, but ICHI does not represent the motor and adaptive dimensions and the code is inherently broader." }] }, { "code" : "715809004", "display" : "Assessment using BBCS (Bracken Basic Concept Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bracken Basic Concept Scale assesses mastery of foundational academic concepts (colours, letters, numbers, sizes, comparisons) in young children, which ICHI best maps to assessment of intellectual functions; however, this ICHI code covers all intellectual functions broadly and is not specific to school-readiness concept knowledge." }] }, { "code" : "716598004", "display" : "Assessment using Beck Anxiety Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a validated patient-reported scale measuring the severity of anxiety symptoms; ICHI classifies anxiety under emotional functions, making AUD.AA.ZZ the best available match, though the code encompasses all emotional functions and is not specific to anxiety assessment." }] }, { "code" : "446765009", "display" : "Assessment using Beck depression inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Beck Depression Inventory is a standardised self-report test specifically measuring depressive symptom severity, which falls within emotional functions. ICHI's code covers any test of emotional functions broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept's named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "717268000", "display" : "Assessment using Beck Depression Inventory II", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BDI-II is the revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory and shares the same clinical scope — testing emotional/affective functions related to depression. ICHI has no instrument-specific code, so the broader \"test of emotional functions\" is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "717317000", "display" : "Assessment using Beck Hopelessness Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Beck Hopelessness Scale measures negative future-oriented cognitions and emotional states (hopelessness) used in suicide risk evaluation; this falls within the domain of emotional functions. ICHI provides no instrument-specific or hopelessness-specific code, so the broader emotional functions test code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "719145006", "display" : "Assessment using Bedside Evaluation Screening Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BEST-2 is a bedside aphasia screening instrument that assesses receptive and expressive language functions in patients after stroke or brain injury. ICHI's \"test of mental functions of language\" covers this domain, but is broader as it applies to any language function test rather than the specific BEST-2 instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715304004", "display" : "Assessment using Behavior Assessment Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Behavior Assessment Battery is a structured multi-domain assessment of communication, symbolic play, and interaction used primarily for individuals with severe intellectual disabilities or autism; intellectual functions is the closest ICHI domain. ICHI provides no code specific to this battery or to adaptive behaviour profiling in intellectual disability, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "870187001", "display" : "Assessment using Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BASC-2 is a standardised rating scale specifically assessing emotional, social, and behavioural functioning in children and adolescents. ATF.AA.ZZ covers the broad global psychosocial domain that includes these dimensions but lacks specificity to the child population or to the BASC-2 instrument itself." }] }, { "code" : "715320009", "display" : "Assessment using Behavior Problem Checklist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Behavior Problem Checklist is a structured checklist assessing conduct, personality, and emotional/behavioural problems, which falls under the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AA.ZZ is broader, covering all global psychosocial assessment rather than focusing specifically on behavioural problems." }] }, { "code" : "445813009", "display" : "Assessment using behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BADS battery directly evaluates executive dysfunction — planning, cognitive flexibility, and problem-solving — which are classified under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. AUH.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is broader, encompassing all higher-level cognitive assessment rather than executive function specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716852009", "display" : "Assessment using Behavioral Inattention Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Behavioral Inattention Test specifically assesses unilateral spatial neglect, which is a deficit of attentional (visuo-spatial) processing. AUA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of attention functions broadly and is the closest match, though ICHI does not distinguish the spatial neglect subtype." }] }, { "code" : "718294006", "display" : "Assessment using Behavioral Screening Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Behavioral Screening Questionnaire screens for early behavioural and emotional problems, fitting within the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI does not have a specific code for standardised behavioural screening questionnaires." }] }, { "code" : "450358002", "display" : "Assessment using benign prostatic hyperplasia impact index", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BPH Impact Index is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (specifically urination problems caused by BPH) on quality of life; NTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urination functions broadly but does not capture the BPH-specific or quality-of-life impact dimension of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445782003", "display" : "Assessment using binary individualized outcome measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Binary Individualized Outcome Measure is a generic patient-centred outcome tool applicable across any health domain; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is considerably broader, covering all aspects of a general health assessment rather than a structured patient-individualised outcome measurement instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716216000", "display" : "Assessment using Birmingham Object Recognition Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of perceptual function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Birmingham Object Recognition Battery (BORB) is a standardised neuropsychological test of visual object recognition, targeting perceptual processing; AUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of perceptual functions broadly, which encompasses visual object recognition but is not specific to that domain or to the use of a formal battery instrument." }] }, { "code" : "840553006", "display" : "Assessment using Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) is a validated clinical assessment tool measuring the activity of systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels); ITB.AA.ZZ covers functional assessment of blood vessels and is the closest anatomical domain match, but BVAS is a multi-system disease activity index and ICHI has no code specific to vasculitis activity scoring." }] }, { "code" : "718516005", "display" : "Assessment using BLADES (Bristol Language Assessment Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BLADES is a standardised language assessment scale; AUI.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of mental functions of language, making it the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader than the specific use of the BLADES instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716167006", "display" : "Assessment using Boehm 3 Preschool", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Boehm-3 Preschool is a standardised test of basic relational concept understanding in young children, which falls within intellectual/cognitive function assessment. ICHI has no paediatric-specific or concept-knowledge-specific test code, so the broader intellectual functions test code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "716137000", "display" : "Assessment using Boone Voice Program for Children", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Boone Voice Program for Children is a structured diagnostic protocol assessing voice quality and characteristics, which maps directly to testing voice functions. The ICHI code does not capture the paediatric specificity or the named programme, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715330000", "display" : "Assessment using Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is a comprehensive standardised test of language functions used to evaluate aphasia, which aligns closely with testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the aphasia context or the named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716141001", "display" : "Assessment using Boston Naming Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Boston Naming Test assesses confrontation naming ability, a specific aspect of language mental function (word retrieval), which falls within the scope of testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all language mental functions rather than naming specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716603007", "display" : "Assessment using Bracken Basic Concept Scale - Third Edition: Receptive", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bracken Basic Concept Scale (Receptive) tests comprehension of basic concepts such as colour, shape, size, and quantity in children, which is a measure of intellectual/cognitive function. ICHI provides no code specific to basic concept assessment or receptive cognitive scales, so the broader intellectual functions test code is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "717006009", "display" : "Assessment using Bracken Basic Concept Scale Expressive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bracken Basic Concept Scale Expressive is a standardised test measuring expressive language and concept acquisition in children. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader — it covers any test of language mental function, not specifically the Bracken instrument or its expressive/concept-vocabulary focus." }] }, { "code" : "443512007", "display" : "Assessment using Braden Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of protective functions of the skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Braden Scale assesses risk of pressure ulcer development by evaluating skin integrity and protective skin function. LTC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader as it covers all assessments of protective skin functions rather than being specific to the Braden risk-scoring instrument." }] }, { "code" : "717310003", "display" : "Assessment using Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BASDEC is a validated card-sort tool specifically designed to screen for depression (an emotional/affective disorder). AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all emotional function assessments rather than depression screening specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445806009", "display" : "Assessment using brief pain coping inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Brief Pain Coping Inventory assesses how a patient copes with pain, which falls within the broader domain of pain assessment. AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it does not distinguish coping-strategy inventories from other forms of pain assessment." }] }, { "code" : "446790006", "display" : "Assessment using brief pain inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ covers pain assessment in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a particular validated tool (the Brief Pain Inventory). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument used." }] }, { "code" : "714343006", "display" : "Assessment using Brief Parental Self-efficacy Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of parenting behaviours, which aligns with the domain of parental self-efficacy. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the use of any particular scale or the self-efficacy construct specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445649008", "display" : "Assessment using Brighton pediatric early warning score", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for paediatric early warning scoring or clinical deterioration surveillance; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best approximation, but it is significantly broader and does not capture the risk-stratification or paediatric-specific nature of the Brighton PEWS tool." }] }, { "code" : "445807000", "display" : "Assessment using Bristol activities of daily living scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bristol ADL scale measures functional independence across daily living tasks, which falls most naturally under general health assessment in ICHI. No specific ADL-scale or functional independence assessment code exists, so PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest but considerably broader match." }] }, { "code" : "763082005", "display" : "Assessment using Bristol Foot Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bristol Foot Score assesses foot pain, function, and deformity; MVG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of gait pattern) captures the functional/locomotor dimension most closely, but ICHI has no code specifically for foot function assessment, making this a broader approximate match." }] }, { "code" : "443510004", "display" : "Assessment using Bristol stool form scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bristol Stool Form Scale is a specific clinical tool for characterising stool consistency as a proxy for gut transit time and defaecation function, which maps well into the defaecation functions target (KTK). ICHI's code is wider because it encompasses any test of defaecation function, not just the Bristol scale specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1284871000", "display" : "Assessment using Bromage Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bromage Scale assesses the degree of lower limb motor blockade (muscle movement capacity) resulting from neuraxial anaesthesia, making muscle function testing the closest ICHI target. The code is wider as it covers any muscle function test, not the specific context of neuraxial block assessment." }] }, { "code" : "715913007", "display" : "Assessment using Bryant and Bradley Rhyming Task", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bryant and Bradley Rhyming Task is a phonological awareness test used to assess children's language and pre-reading ability, which falls within mental functions of language in the ICHI hierarchy. The code is wider as it covers all language function testing, while the SNOMED concept specifies one particular instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715893007", "display" : "Assessment using Buffalo III Voice Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Buffalo III Voice Profile is a standardised perceptual rating instrument for assessing voice quality and disorders, which maps directly to the ICHI target of voice functions. The code is wider as it covers any test of voice functions rather than the Buffalo III instrument specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446969008", "display" : "Assessment using bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BITE (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh) is a validated questionnaire for detecting bulimic symptoms and disordered eating behaviours, which aligns with the ICHI eating behaviours target (VEA) under health-related behaviours. The code is wider as it covers any test of eating behaviours, not the specific instrument or bulimic pathology context." }] }, { "code" : "718916000", "display" : "Assessment using CAARMS (Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAARMS is a structured interview specifically designed to detect ultra-high risk (prodromal) psychosis states, which is a narrower clinical purpose than ICHI's broader assessment of global psychosocial functions. ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest available code — it covers global psychosocial function assessment including mental state evaluation — but it does not capture the psychosis-risk-specific focus of CAARMS." }] }, { "code" : "763303006", "display" : "Assessment using CAGE (Cutting down, Annoyance by criticism, Guilty feeling and Eye-openers) Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CAGE questionnaire is a standardised 4-item screening test specifically for problematic alcohol use, which maps well to the ICHI Test of alcohol use behaviours target axis (VAA = alcohol use behaviours, AC = test/screening). ICHI does not distinguish between individual named screening tools, so this code is broader than the specific CAGE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "719147003", "display" : "Assessment using California Verbal Learning Test Children's Version", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CVLT-C is a neuropsychological test that specifically measures verbal learning and episodic memory across multiple trials in children; AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the most precise available ICHI code for a standardised memory test, sitting within the Interventions on memory functions block. ICHI does not distinguish the paediatric version, verbal modality specificity, or the learning-curve component, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "719148008", "display" : "Assessment using California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CVLT-2 is the adult version of the same verbal learning and episodic memory battery; like the children's version it maps best to AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory). ICHI does not capture the verbal learning or edition-specific distinctions, making the ICHI code broader than this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716547005", "display" : "Assessment using Callier-Azusa Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Callier-Azusa Scale is a multidomain developmental assessment instrument designed for children who are deaf-blind, covering motor, communication, daily living, cognition, and social development — no single ICHI code captures this cross-domain scope. AS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified) is the least-specific residual code within the mental functions block and serves as the best available approximation, though it omits the sensory, motor, and activities-of-daily-living dimensions the scale also covers." }] }, { "code" : "715195002", "display" : "Assessment using Cambridge Apraxia Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Apraxia is a disorder of purposeful learned motor movements (psychomotor function), and AUC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering assessment of psychomotor functions. The ICHI code is broader, as it covers all psychomotor assessments and does not specify the Cambridge Apraxia Battery instrument or apraxia as a distinct entity." }] }, { "code" : "763229009", "display" : "Assessment using Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CCS angina grading scale classifies symptom severity based on the degree of physical activity that triggers angina, making exercise tolerance the functional domain being assessed; HTM.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any exercise tolerance assessment, not specifically angina grading with the CCS instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445781005", "display" : "Assessment using Canadian occupational performance measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The COPM measures a client's self-perceived performance and satisfaction across self-care, productivity, and leisure occupations — all falling under the ICF activities and participation domain, with undertaking tasks as the closest ICHI target. The ICHI code is broader because COPM spans multiple activity domains and the instrument is not specified in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1366587004", "display" : "Assessment using Cantril Ladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Cantril Ladder is a validated self-report scale where respondents rate their overall life satisfaction on a 0–10 ladder, which maps most directly to quality of life measurement at the whole-person level. The ICHI code is broader, as it covers any quality-of-life test and does not reference the specific Cantril instrument or its subjective wellbeing framing." }] }, { "code" : "715766001", "display" : "Assessment using CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice)", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAPE-V is a standardised auditory-perceptual protocol used by clinicians to assess voice quality attributes (roughness, breathiness, strain, pitch, loudness), which maps precisely to the ICHI target of voice functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any voice function assessment and does not specify the CAPE-V instrument." }] }, { "code" : "868187001", "display" : "Assessment using Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble Screening Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CRAFFT is a validated screening instrument specifically for adolescent alcohol and drug use, while VA1.AC.ZZ covers substance-related and addictive behaviours generically without restricting to a specific named tool or age group. The ICHI code is broader in both substance scope and population specificity." }] }, { "code" : "763072009", "display" : "Assessment using Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile is a specific patient-reported outcome instrument measuring cardiovascular symptom burden and functional limitation, whereas HT2.AC.ZZ covers any test of cardiovascular system functions not elsewhere classified. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the named instrument or the patient-reported/questionnaire modality." }] }, { "code" : "446792003", "display" : "Assessment using career interest test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A career interest test assesses a person's vocational aptitudes and occupational preferences, which falls within the domain of work and employment in ICHI; however, SU2.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses any test related to engaging in work and employment rather than specifically career interest or vocational interest profiling." }] }, { "code" : "716850001", "display" : "Assessment using Carrow Elicited Language Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Carrow Elicited Language Inventory is a specific standardised test of children's syntactic and grammatical language production, while AUI.AA.ZZ broadly covers assessment of mental functions of language without specifying any named instrument, age group, or language domain (receptive vs. expressive/syntactic)." }] }, { "code" : "718372000", "display" : "Assessment using CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CDR is a specific structured rating scale targeting the multi-domain cognitive profile of dementia (memory, orientation, judgment, problem-solving, community affairs, home and hobbies), which maps squarely within higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of higher-level cognition, not exclusively the CDR instrument or dementia staging." }] }, { "code" : "719083005", "display" : "Assessment using CELF-5 (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Fifth Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CELF-5 is a standardised battery measuring receptive and expressive language structure, content, and memory, which are all components of the mental functions of language that AUI.AA.ZZ covers. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any assessment of language mental functions, not just the CELF-5 instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445783008", "display" : "Assessment using checklist for autism in toddlers", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CHAT instrument screens for early autism by evaluating social communication, joint attention, and play — all components of global psychosocial functioning — making ATF.AA.ZZ the best available fit. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any psychosocial functional assessment and does not reflect autism-specific or early developmental screening." }] }, { "code" : "716140000", "display" : "Assessment using Checklist of Communication Competencies", "target" : [{ "code" : "SFA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of speaking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Checklist of Communication Competencies is a specific standardised instrument assessing expressive communication/speaking abilities; SFA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of speaking broadly, which is the best available ICHI match but is wider than the named-checklist SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445816001", "display" : "Assessment using Chessington occupational therapy neurological assessment battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Chessington OT Neurological Assessment Battery (COTNAB) is a named neuropsychological/functional battery used by occupational therapists; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering neurological assessment not elsewhere classified, but it is broader than this specific tool and does not capture the occupational therapy framing." }] }, { "code" : "725830007", "display" : "Assessment using Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation measures engagement across home, school, and community settings — squarely within the ICHI activities and participation domain (S-targets). No specific assessment of participation category exists; SZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the least specific but most honest match within the correct domain, and is broader than the named scale." }] }, { "code" : "445817005", "display" : "Assessment using child occupational self assessment version 2.1", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Child Occupational Self Assessment (COSA) is a self-report tool measuring a child's perception of their own occupational competence across self-care and daily activities; SM1.AA.ZZ (assessment of self care, unspecified) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not capture the self-report or occupational therapy perspective of the named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "905291000000102", "display" : "Assessment using Childhood Asthma Control Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Childhood Asthma Control Test is a validated questionnaire measuring symptom control in paediatric asthma, which is a respiratory function assessment; JTB.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it covers respiration function assessment generically without specificity for asthma control or the paediatric context." }] }, { "code" : "445818000", "display" : "Assessment using childhood health assessment questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) measures physical functional disability in children, particularly in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ICHI has no specific musculoskeletal or paediatric functional disability assessment code, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best available match, but it is broader — encompassing all aspects of general health rather than specifically physical function." }] }, { "code" : "725821004", "display" : "Assessment using Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CAPE measures the breadth, diversity, enjoyment, and context of children's participation in everyday activities — a construct squarely within the ICF activities and participation domain. ICHI has no specific participation assessment code; SZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on activities and participation domains, unspecified) is the most contextually appropriate match but is broader and unspecific." }] }, { "code" : "718724003", "display" : "Assessment using Children's Communication Checklist Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CCC-2 assesses pragmatic language and communication abilities including semantics, syntax, and social use of language in children. ICHI's AUI.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions of language) covers the core language function domain being evaluated, though it is broader than this specific standardised checklist instrument." }] }, { "code" : "868188006", "display" : "Assessment using Children's Global Assessment Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CGAS is a clinician-rated scale measuring overall psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents on a single global dimension. ICHI's ATF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of global psychosocial functions) directly corresponds to the target construct, though it is broader in that it is not limited to the specific CGAS instrument or to children." }] }, { "code" : "719336003", "display" : "Assessment using Children's Test of Nonword Repetition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Children's Test of Nonword Repetition is a specific standardised instrument assessing phonological short-term memory via a language test, which falls within the ICHI category for testing mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of language function regardless of the specific instrument or patient age group." }] }, { "code" : "763104007", "display" : "Assessment using Christo Inventory for Substance-misuse Services", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Christo Inventory (CISS) is a structured assessment tool targeting substance misuse across multiple substances, which maps best to the unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours assessment category rather than any single-substance category (alcohol VAA or illicit drugs VAC). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify a particular inventory instrument or restrict to a single substance type." }] }, { "code" : "445811006", "display" : "Assessment using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a standardised questionnaire measuring health status impact of COPD, which falls within the ICHI category for testing respiratory system functions. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all tests of respiratory function rather than being specific to COPD or to patient-reported outcome instruments." }] }, { "code" : "445810007", "display" : "Assessment using Clifton assessment procedures for the elderly", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE) assess cognitive and behavioural competence in older adults, covering global mental functions including orientation, memory, and psychosocial functioning. The ICHI code for assessment of global mental functions NEC is the best fit, though it is broader since it does not restrict to elderly patients or to the specific combined cognitive-behavioural scope of the CAPE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445602009", "display" : "Assessment using clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a named self-report questionnaire (CCQ) targeting COPD symptoms and functional status, while JTB.AA.ZZ covers all forms of respiration function assessment regardless of instrument or tool; no ICHI code exists for questionnaire-based or COPD-specific assessment." }] }, { "code" : "763700006", "display" : "Assessment using Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The COWS is specifically designed to rate opioid withdrawal severity, which falls squarely within the substance-related behaviours chapter; VAC.AA.ZZ is the best-fit ICHI assessment code for this domain but is broader because it covers all illicit drug use behaviour assessment, not withdrawal severity measurement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "714350005", "display" : "Assessment using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CORE-OM is a multi-domain self-report measure of psychological distress, wellbeing, functioning, and risk, closely aligned with global psychosocial functioning; ATF.AA.ZZ captures the broad psychosocial scope of CORE-OM but is wider as it does not specify the named instrument or the outcome-measurement purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1351970007", "display" : "Assessment using Clinical Risk Index for Babies", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CRIB is a neonatal illness severity scoring tool used in intensive care to predict mortality risk in newborns; no ICHI code exists for neonatal-specific risk scoring, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under Interventions on whole person) is the best available match, though it is substantially broader and lacks any neonatal or risk-stratification specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1357716008", "display" : "Assessment using Clinical Risk Index for Babies II", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CRIB II is a neonatal illness severity scoring tool used to estimate mortality risk in sick newborns; no ICHI code corresponds to a named neonatal risk index or neonatal-specific assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, targeting the whole person) is the broadest available ICHI match, but it is considerably wider than the specific, quantified perinatal risk stratification that CRIB II performs." }] }, { "code" : "446072003", "display" : "Assessment using clinical test of opposition and counter-opposition of thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Opposition and counter-opposition of the thumb is a standard clinical bedside test of thenar muscle power. MUB.AC.ZZ captures the test modality and functional domain precisely, but the ICHI code is body-part-agnostic and applies to any muscle group, making it wider than the thumb-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445808005", "display" : "Assessment using cognitive assessment of Minnesota", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Cognitive Assessment of Minnesota (CAM) is a standardised battery evaluating attention, memory, and higher-order cognitive and executive functions. AUH.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match given CAM's emphasis on executive and multi-domain cognition, but it is wider as it does not name any specific instrument and does not distinguish a multi-domain battery." }] }, { "code" : "719978000", "display" : "Assessment using Communication Activities of Daily Living Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "SFA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of speaking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CADL-2 is a standardised test of functional communication in everyday life, primarily used for adults with aphasia, covering speaking, listening, reading, and writing. SFA.AA.ZZ is the best single ICHI category but is wider in that it covers only the speaking dimension; the full multi-modal scope of CADL-2 spans both producing and receiving communication domains not captured by a single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "718322002", "display" : "Assessment using Communication Assessment Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Communication Assessment Profile evaluates functional communicative ability (verbal, non-verbal, and pragmatic language), which falls within the ICHI domain of mental functions of language. ICHI has no code for this specific named instrument, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445819008", "display" : "Assessment using communication skills questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A communication skills questionnaire assesses expressive and receptive language and pragmatic communication, all of which are covered by the ICHI concept of mental functions of language assessment. ICHI lacks a specific code for questionnaire-based communication skills assessment, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "715811008", "display" : "Assessment using Computerized Assessment of Response Bias", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CARB tests cognitive effort and symptom validity, which are aspects of higher-level cognitive functioning; ICHI has no dedicated code for effort or validity testing. The higher-level cognitive functions assessment code is the best available match, though it is broader than this specific instrument's purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1351492002", "display" : "Assessment using Confusion Assessment Method", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CAM is a standardised tool for detecting delirium, primarily targeting altered level of consciousness and arousal — the core domain of ICHI's awareness and alertness functions assessment. ICHI has no specific code for delirium screening instruments, so the ICHI code is broader than this named-instrument SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708018005", "display" : "Assessment using congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 2, diabetes mellitus, stroke 2 - vascular disease, age, sex category score", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a structured clinical assessment of composite cardiovascular risk factors used to stratify stroke risk in atrial fibrillation; HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly but does not capture the specific multi-factor stroke risk scoring nature of the tool. No ICHI code exists for structured cardiovascular risk scoring." }] }, { "code" : "450751006", "display" : "Assessment using conversation analysis profile for people with cognitive impairment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SGA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of having a conversation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CAPPCI evaluates conversational ability and communication patterns in cognitively impaired individuals; SGA.AA.ZZ captures the core conversational domain but is broader, as it does not restrict to the cognitive impairment population or the structured profile methodology." }] }, { "code" : "736710001", "display" : "Assessment using CPAx (Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of muscle power functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CPAx is a ten-item tool assessing physical morbidity in ICU patients across respiratory, balance, mobility, and grip strength domains; MUB.AA.ZZ captures the dominant physical/muscle-power dimension but is broader, as the tool is multi-domain and no single ICHI code encompasses the full composite physical capacity assessment in critical care." }] }, { "code" : "781133009", "display" : "Assessment using CPT (Cognitive Performance Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CPT is a structured standardised test of higher-level cognitive functions (planning, problem-solving, executive function in everyday tasks), aligning closely with AUH.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of higher-level cognitive functions, not the specific CPT instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718709007", "display" : "Assessment using Crichton Vocabulary Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Crichton Vocabulary Scale is a formal vocabulary/word-knowledge test used to assess premorbid intelligence and language comprehension, mapping well to AUI.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any language mental function test." }] }, { "code" : "1162446003", "display" : "Assessment using Crohn's Disease Activity Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CDAI is a structured scoring tool for assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease, which is a condition of the digestive system; KTE.AA.ZZ captures the domain of digestive function assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of any digestive function, not specifically inflammatory bowel disease activity indices." }] }, { "code" : "763228001", "display" : "Assessment using CSHA (Canadian Study of Health and Aging) Clinical Frailty Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale rates overall frailty and functional status of the whole person across multiple dimensions (cognition, mobility, comorbidities), mapping most closely to a general health assessment of the whole person. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any general health assessment rather than a frailty-specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718327008", "display" : "Assessment using CTT (Consonant Trigrams Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CTT (also known as the Brown-Peterson task) is a formal test of short-term and working memory in which participants must recall consonant trigrams after a filled delay, making AUB.AC.ZZ the best match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any memory test rather than the CTT instrument specifically." }] }, { "code" : "865923002", "display" : "Assessment using Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CDASI is a structured clinician-rated assessment of skin involvement in dermatomyositis, which falls within assessment of skin functions. LT2.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all skin function assessments and does not capture the muscle-involvement dimension of dermatomyositis." }] }, { "code" : "445812004", "display" : "Assessment using Dallas pain questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Dallas Pain Questionnaire is a self-report instrument measuring the impact of chronic low back pain on daily activities and psychosocial functioning; AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader, as it covers any pain assessment without specifying the questionnaire instrument or the back-pain focus." }] }, { "code" : "714282005", "display" : "Assessment using DemTect scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DemTect is a brief neuropsychological screening test assessing multiple cognitive domains (memory, lexical fluency, calculation, digit span, clock drawing) to detect dementia and mild cognitive impairment; AUH.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it encompasses multi-domain cognitive screening, though it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "716285009", "display" : "Assessment using Denver Development Screening Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DDST is a structured tool for assessing developmental milestones across gross motor, fine motor, language, and personal-social domains in young children; ETM.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify pediatric developmental milestone screening." }] }, { "code" : "719307003", "display" : "Assessment using Denver Developmental Screening Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DDST-II screens across multiple developmental domains (personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor) in young children, which collectively fall under global mental functions. AT2.AC.ZZ is the closest category but is broader, as it does not specify the paediatric developmental screening context." }] }, { "code" : "763239003", "display" : "Assessment using DEPA (Depth, Extent, Phase and Associated etiology) Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of repair functions of the skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DEPA score systematically grades diabetic foot ulcers across four dimensions (depth, extent, phase of healing, associated aetiology), which is fundamentally an assessment of wound repair function of the skin. LTD.AA.ZZ is the most precise available ICHI code but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1371337008", "display" : "Assessment using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DASS-21 is a validated self-report instrument measuring the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress — all emotional and affective functions in ICF/ICHI terminology. AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest category, but broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "725833009", "display" : "Assessment using Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of writing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DASH is a standardised test that directly measures handwriting speed and legibility through timed writing tasks, making \"Test of writing\" the closest ICHI category. It is wider because it encompasses any writing test, whereas DASH specifically focuses on speed quantification." }] }, { "code" : "717271008", "display" : "Assessment using Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The 3Di is a computerised, multi-dimensional structured interview covering cognitive, language, social, and behavioural development — spanning the whole person rather than a single function domain. PZB.AN.ZZ is the best available fit but is wider as it does not capture the 3Di's specific focus on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnosis." }] }, { "code" : "718726001", "display" : "Assessment using Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DICA is a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview assessing broad mental health domains across multiple DSM/ICD categories; AT2.AA.ZZ captures the global mental function assessment nature of the instrument but is broader, covering any such assessment rather than this specific structured tool." }] }, { "code" : "718651005", "display" : "Assessment using DIALOG patient rated outcome measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIALOG is a patient-rated outcome measure covering life satisfaction and mental health needs across multiple psychosocial domains; ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category in scope, though it is broader as it does not specify a patient-rated format or the multi-domain life satisfaction framing of DIALOG." }] }, { "code" : "445641006", "display" : "Assessment using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SIJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hand and arm use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DASH outcome measure assesses functional disability and symptoms across the entire upper extremity (hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, shoulder); SIJ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI activity/participation-level code, though broader and not capturing the symptom severity dimension." }] }, { "code" : "716801007", "display" : "Assessment using Discourse Abilities Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "SFA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of speaking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DAP assesses functional communication abilities including discourse production, conversation, and narrative in people with neurological conditions; SFA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, though broader and not capturing the multi-dimensional discourse analysis focus." }] }, { "code" : "719338002", "display" : "Assessment using Dizziness Handicap Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of vestibular functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DHI is a self-report questionnaire measuring the functional, emotional, and physical impact of dizziness on daily life, rooted in vestibular dysfunction; CTE.AA.ZZ is a strong fit for anatomical target, though broader as it does not distinguish a patient-reported handicap measure from clinician-administered vestibular function tests." }] }, { "code" : "763120002", "display" : "Assessment using DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DLQI is a validated quality-of-life questionnaire applied specifically to dermatology patients, while PZB.AC.ZZ covers any test of quality of life regardless of condition or specialty. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to a dermatological context." }] }, { "code" : "1287727001", "display" : "Assessment using DOLOPLUS-2 scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DOLOPLUS-2 is a behavioural pain scale used specifically for elderly patients with cognitive impairment; AXA.AC.ZZ covers any structured test of pain regardless of patient population or specific instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "700465009", "display" : "Assessment using DoloTest", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DoloTest is a pain assessment instrument; AXA.AC.ZZ captures any structured test of pain without restricting to a named tool or patient population, so the ICHI code is broader than this instrument-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716831001", "display" : "Assessment using DRS (Disability Rating Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Disability Rating Scale is a multi-dimensional outcome measure specific to traumatic brain injury tracking arousal, cognition, independence, and employability; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, but substantially broader and not specific to brain injury or disability staging." }] }, { "code" : "765148004", "display" : "Assessment using DTSQs (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DTSQs measures patient satisfaction with diabetes treatment and is closely aligned with health-related quality of life assessment; PZB.AC.ZZ is the best available fit, though it does not capture the diabetes-specific or satisfaction-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290006004", "display" : "Assessment using Duke Activity Scale Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DASI is a self-reported questionnaire that estimates functional aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance, mapping well to this ICHI code under the cardiovascular block. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of exercise tolerance, not specifically the DASI instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718560005", "display" : "Assessment using Dyadic Assessment of Naturalistic Caregiver child Experiences", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DANCE tool is an observational assessment of naturally occurring caregiver-child interactions, falling most closely within the ICHI domain of parenting behaviours. The ICHI code is wider as it covers parenting behaviour assessment broadly, while DANCE specifically focuses on dyadic naturalistic interaction quality." }] }, { "code" : "445642004", "display" : "Assessment using dynamic gait index", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The DGI is a standardised test of gait pattern under varying conditions to assess balance and fall risk, mapping directly to this ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any test of gait pattern, not specifically the DGI instrument or its fall-risk assessment purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1366597008", "display" : "Assessment using EASY-Care instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EASY-Care is a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool covering physical, mental, and social health needs, independence, and wellbeing — making it a whole-person assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match; wider because it applies to any general health assessment rather than a validated multidimensional geriatric instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445823000", "display" : "Assessment using eating attitudes test", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EAT is a standardised self-report screening instrument for disordered eating attitudes and behaviours, mapping directly to the ICHI eating behaviours block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any test of eating behaviours rather than specifically the EAT screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445820002", "display" : "Assessment using eating disorder examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EDE is a structured clinical interview assessing eating disorder psychopathology; SMF.AN.ZZ captures the interview modality and eating target but is broader, having no specificity for eating disorders as a psychiatric condition." }] }, { "code" : "445824006", "display" : "Assessment using eating disorder examination questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EDE-Q is a self-report questionnaire version of the EDE; SMF.AC.ZZ is the closest available code covering a formal test/questionnaire targeting eating, but broader as it lacks specificity for eating disorder psychopathology." }] }, { "code" : "445825007", "display" : "Assessment using eating disorder inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EDI is a self-report psychometric instrument for eating disorder symptoms; SMF.AC.ZZ is the best available match covering a formal test targeting eating, but broader as ICHI has no dedicated eating disorder inventory or psychiatric eating disorder assessment category." }] }, { "code" : "1284896002", "display" : "Assessment using EDIN (Échelle de Douleur et d'Inconfort du Nouveau-né)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EDIN is a behavioural observational scale for pain and discomfort in neonates; AXA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match covering a formal pain assessment instrument, but broader as ICHI has no neonatal-specific pain scale and does not capture the discomfort dimension." }] }, { "code" : "716726008", "display" : "Assessment using Edinburgh Articulation Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Edinburgh Articulation Test is a standardised test of speech articulation development in children; JUD.AC.ZZ aligns closely in both target (articulation function) and action (formal test), but is broader as it does not specify the Edinburgh instrument or the paediatric/developmental scope." }] }, { "code" : "717318005", "display" : "Assessment using Edinburgh Functional Communication Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Edinburgh Functional Communication Profile is a standardised speech-language pathology assessment of functional communication abilities (comprehension, expression, reading, writing) primarily used in aphasia; AUI.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering language function assessment, but it is broader than the specific named tool and its functional-communication focus." }] }, { "code" : "450319007", "display" : "Assessment using Edinburgh postnatal depression scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a validated 10-item screening questionnaire targeting postnatal depression and emotional disturbance in new mothers; AUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of emotional functions broadly, the closest ICHI category, but does not capture the postnatal/perinatal context or the specific depression screening purpose." }] }, { "code" : "865928006", "display" : "Assessment using Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Emotional Stress Reaction Questionnaire measures emotional and psychological stress responses; AUD.AA.ZZ is the most semantically aligned ICHI category, though broader and not specifically distinguishing stress reactions from other emotional functions." }] }, { "code" : "763693006", "display" : "Assessment using EMS (Elderly Mobility Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Elderly Mobility Scale assesses mobility in older adults across items including lying-to-sitting, sitting-to-standing, standing balance, and walking; SJA.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but narrower in scope than the full EMS, which covers a broader mobility domain — though among available codes it remains the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "770632002", "display" : "Assessment using EQ-5D-Y (EuroQol Five Dimension (Youth)) instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ covers testing/assessment of quality of life as a whole-person intervention, which is precisely what EQ-5D-Y measures. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the instrument used (EQ-5D-Y) or the paediatric/youth population." }] }, { "code" : "445785001", "display" : "Assessment using erection hardness score", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The erection hardness score specifically assesses erectile function using a standardised instrument, which falls within the domain of sexual function testing. NUA.AC.ZZ is broader because it encompasses all tests of sexual functions without specificity to erectile function or a named scoring instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763227006", "display" : "Assessment using ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a standardised self-reported test of daytime sleepiness, which directly maps to the domain of sleep function testing. ATK.AC.ZZ is wider because it does not specify the Epworth instrument or the daytime sleepiness dimension being assessed." }] }, { "code" : "446970009", "display" : "Assessment using European league against rheumatism response criteria", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EULAR response criteria are used to assess treatment response in rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (primarily rheumatoid arthritis), so MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader — it does not specify rheumatology, treatment response evaluation, or the EULAR instrument." }] }, { "code" : "761884004", "display" : "Assessment using European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EuroSCORE is a structured preoperative risk scoring tool for cardiac surgery patients, making HTB.AA.ZZ the closest available ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider, as it does not specify preoperative context, risk stratification purpose, or the EuroSCORE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1367634000", "display" : "Assessment using European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EU-TIRADS is a structured ultrasound-based risk stratification tool applied specifically to thyroid nodules, mapping most directly to ultrasound of thyroid gland (EBA.BA.BJ). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the structured reporting/scoring nature of EU-TIRADS, nor distinguish nodule risk classification from general thyroid ultrasound." }] }, { "code" : "716760001", "display" : "Assessment using European Union Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate for adults", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The EU Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate is a standardised instrument for testing respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow, fitting within \"Test of respiration function\". The ICHI code is broader because it covers any test of respiration function and does not specify peak flow measurement, the EU reference scale, or the adult population." }] }, { "code" : "716761002", "display" : "Assessment using European Union Scale for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate for children", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the adult concept — the EU paediatric peak expiratory flow reference scale is a specific instrument for testing respiratory function. ICHI does not distinguish between adult and paediatric populations for this test, making the match wider." }] }, { "code" : "725827000", "display" : "Assessment using Evaluation of Social Interaction", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI) is a standardised observational tool measuring the quality of social interaction skills, which aligns best with assessment of interpersonal interactions and relationships. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the use of a formal standardised tool, nor the specific focus on social interaction quality." }] }, { "code" : "446216003", "display" : "Assessment using evaluation tool of children's handwriting", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of writing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Children's handwriting assessment tools (such as ETCH or DASH) are formal tests evaluating writing performance, fitting within \"Test of writing\". The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the paediatric population, handwriting specifically (versus other forms of writing), or the use of a structured evaluation tool." }] }, { "code" : "714328009", "display" : "Assessment using Everyday Cognition questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Everyday Cognition (ECog) questionnaire is an informant-rated assessment of everyday cognitive function spanning memory, language, visuospatial ability, planning, and attention — domains that collectively fall under higher-level cognitive functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader, covering all assessments of higher-level cognitive functions." }] }, { "code" : "716171009", "display" : "Assessment using Everyday Memory Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) is a self-report instrument specifically measuring the frequency of everyday memory failures, making AUB.AA.ZZ the most precise available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any memory assessment method, not this specific questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "716759006", "display" : "Assessment using Eysenck Personality Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) is a standardised questionnaire measuring extraversion and neuroticism personality dimensions, which map directly to the temperament and personality functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all assessment approaches for this domain." }] }, { "code" : "718344007", "display" : "Assessment using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) is a revised version of the EPI that additionally measures psychoticism, but it remains a personality trait assessment instrument that maps to the same ICHI domain of temperament and personality functions. The ICHI code is broader, covering the entire domain." }] }, { "code" : "1284910008", "display" : "Assessment using Faces Pain Scale - Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) is a self-report pain intensity rating scale using facial expression images, which is a specific instrument for assessing pain sensation. AXA.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pain and is therefore broader than this specific scale." }] }, { "code" : "762992005", "display" : "Assessment using Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence is a structured psychometric test specifically quantifying nicotine dependence severity, fitting the \"test\" action on tobacco use behaviours; however, VAB.AC.ZZ is broader because it covers any test of tobacco use behaviour rather than being specific to nicotine dependence screening instruments." }] }, { "code" : "1366598003", "display" : "Assessment using Family APGAR (Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection Resolve)", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Family APGAR is a structured screening instrument for perceived family function across five dimensions, which aligns well with SSJ.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment of family relationships and is not specific to the APGAR questionnaire instrument or its functional satisfaction dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "716799009", "display" : "Assessment using FAST (Face Arm Speech Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The FAST test is a rapid prehospital neurological screening tool assessing three stroke signs (facial droop, arm weakness, speech disturbance) to identify probable stroke; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the best fit as it sits in the nervous system chapter and covers neurological assessments not classified elsewhere, though broader than the stroke-specific rapid screening nature of FAST." }] }, { "code" : "445784002", "display" : "Assessment using fatigue impact scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Fatigue Impact Scale is a structured scored instrument assessing how fatigue affects functioning, which maps to the energy and drive functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code covers any test of energy/drive functions broadly, making it wider than this specific validated scale." }] }, { "code" : "719871007", "display" : "Assessment using Fibrosis-4 Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The FIB-4 Index is a non-invasive calculated score (using age, AST, ALT, and platelet count) estimating hepatic fibrosis severity, which falls within the digestive system function domain. The ICHI code is broader, covering any assessment of digestive functions rather than liver fibrosis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "718647008", "display" : "Assessment using figure drawing test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Figure drawing tests (e.g., clock drawing, Rey Complex Figure) are neuropsychological instruments that assess visuoconstructive ability and higher-level cognitive function, which aligns well with this ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any test of higher cognitive functions rather than this specific drawing-based instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763118000", "display" : "Assessment using FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "FINDRISC is a validated questionnaire-based tool that scores an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which falls within the general metabolic functions domain. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any assessment of metabolic functions rather than this specific diabetes risk screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "761874000", "display" : "Assessment using Five-Shot questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Five-Shot questionnaire is a brief validated screening test for hazardous and harmful alcohol use, directly fitting within the alcohol use behaviours domain. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any test of alcohol use behaviours rather than this specific five-item instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716836006", "display" : "Assessment using FLTA (Fullerton Language Test for Adolescents)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of language mental functions and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular standardised instrument administered to adolescents. ICHI does not represent named assessment tools or age-specific variants." }] }, { "code" : "763115002", "display" : "Assessment using Foot Function Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Foot Function Index assesses pain, disability, and activity limitation related to foot function; MV2.AA.ZZ is the broadest plausible parent code under the musculoskeletal block, but ICHI has no foot-specific functional assessment code and does not represent named indices." }] }, { "code" : "714644006", "display" : "Assessment using Frailty Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Frailty Index assessment is a multidimensional whole-person evaluation of accumulated health deficits; PZB.AA.ZZ (targeting the whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, though far broader and not capturing the frailty-specific construct or the named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763000000", "display" : "Assessment using Framingham coronary heart disease 10 year risk score", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Framingham risk score is a cardiovascular risk calculation specifically targeting coronary heart disease 10-year risk; HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code under the circulatory system chapter, but it is broader and does not represent algorithmic risk scoring or named prediction tools." }] }, { "code" : "719150000", "display" : "Assessment using Frenchay Activities Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Frenchay Activities Index is a structured questionnaire assessing post-stroke participation across domestic, outdoor, and leisure activities. ICHI has no code for a specific index-based activities assessment; SDA.AA.ZZ is the broadest available category covering multi-domain activity assessment." }] }, { "code" : "716212003", "display" : "Assessment using Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aphasia is classified in ICHI under mental functions of language, and AUI.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of that function. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all language function assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept names a specific validated screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "717325003", "display" : "Assessment using Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder; the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment is a standardised test of speech motor function, mapping onto the speech function target axis with the test action. JUC.AC.ZZ is wider because it covers any test of speech functions, not just the specific Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445827004", "display" : "Assessment using functional assessment measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Functional Assessment Measure (FAM) is a multi-domain tool supplementing the FIM, evaluating cognitive, communicative, and behavioural functioning primarily in brain-injury rehabilitation. SDA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category, covering activity-level functional assessment; it is wider because it does not capture the FAM's specific cognitive and communicative sub-domains." }] }, { "code" : "445828009", "display" : "Assessment using functional capacity evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SU2.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of a person's work and employment functional performance, which aligns with the vocational purpose of a Functional Capacity Evaluation. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all work-capacity tests rather than the specific FCE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716206008", "display" : "Assessment using Functional Communication Profile Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUI.AC.ZZ represents formal testing of language mental functions (comprehension, expression, pragmatics), which is the functional domain that the FCP-R assesses in clinical populations. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all standardised language function tests, not the specific FCP-R instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716793005", "display" : "Assessment using Functional Independence Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a multi-domain standardised rating scale; its core motor subscale assesses performance in undertaking activities of daily living tasks, which SDA.AC.ZZ most closely represents. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the FIM's cognitive/communication subscales." }] }, { "code" : "445829001", "display" : "Assessment using functional test for the hemiparetic upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MV2.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for a clinical assessment of upper extremity movement function in a neurologically impaired patient. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any movement function assessment rather than being restricted to upper extremity function in hemiparesis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "718336007", "display" : "Assessment using Fundamental Speech Skills Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JUC.AC.ZZ directly represents a standardised test of speech functions, which is exactly what the Fundamental Speech Skills Test performs — assessing basic articulatory and phonological speech production abilities. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all standardised speech function tests rather than the specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "770553002", "display" : "Assessment using GAS-Light (Goal Attainment Scaling-Light)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for goal attainment scaling or rehabilitation goal measurement; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment at the whole-person level) is the closest available category, but it is broader than the specific structured goal-attainment measurement instrument that GAS-Light represents." }] }, { "code" : "870184008", "display" : "Assessment using Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GERD-HRQL is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life; PZB.AC.ZZ captures the QoL measurement action at the whole-person level but does not encode the GERD-specific or GI-disease-specific scope of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1365839008", "display" : "Assessment using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 item scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GAD-2 is a standardized two-item screener for generalized anxiety disorder, which in ICF/ICHI terms is a disorder of emotional functions; AUD.AC.ZZ is the best available match, though it covers all emotional functions broadly rather than anxiety specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445598007", "display" : "Assessment using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 item score", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GAD-7 is a standardized seven-item anxiety severity questionnaire; like the GAD-2, it maps to AUD.AC.ZZ as the closest ICHI code for a scored assessment of anxiety, which ICHI classifies under emotional functions." }] }, { "code" : "445587006", "display" : "Assessment using geriatric depression scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Geriatric Depression Scale is a standardized screening tool for depression in older adults; depression is classified under emotional functions in the ICF/ICHI framework, making AUD.AC.ZZ the best available code, though ICHI does not distinguish depression-specific or age-specific instruments." }] }, { "code" : "716273001", "display" : "Assessment using Gesell Developmental Observation Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Gesell Developmental Observation Revised is a structured standardised instrument assessing developmental milestones across motor, adaptive, language, and personal-social domains in children, whereas ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly without implying a specific tool or child-focused scope. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not constrain the method to a named instrument or the population to paediatrics." }] }, { "code" : "719925004", "display" : "Assessment using GFTA-2 (Goldman-Fristoe Test for Articulation 2)", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GFTA-2 is a standardised test of speech sound articulation accuracy, which maps directly onto the ICHI target of articulation functions and the action of testing; however, ICHI does not distinguish which specific named instrument is used, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719926003", "display" : "Assessment using GFTA-3 (Goldman-Fristoe Test for Articulation 3)", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical clinical purpose to the GFTA-2 — a standardised articulation test — and maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI is broader because it does not encode the specific instrument version." }] }, { "code" : "774095009", "display" : "Assessment using Global Deterioration Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Global Deterioration Scale (Reisberg) is a standardised staging instrument for overall cognitive and functional decline across seven levels, mapping well to the ICHI concept of testing global mental functions; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any global mental function test and does not encode the dementia-staging purpose or the specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715810009", "display" : "Assessment using GOAT (Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of orientation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GOAT is a structured post-traumatic amnesia test that assesses both temporal/personal orientation and memory functions; ATD.AC.ZZ captures the orientation axis but does not represent the amnesia/memory component, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No combined orientation-and-memory test code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest assignable category." }] }, { "code" : "763296008", "display" : "Assessment using GPCOG (General Practitioner assessment of Cognition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GPCOG is a brief multi-domain cognitive screening instrument covering memory, orientation, and executive function; AUH.AC.ZZ covers higher-level cognitive functions (including executive and language domains) but does not capture the full breadth of global cognitive screening that GPCOG represents, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716703001", "display" : "Assessment using Graded Naming Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Graded Naming Test specifically assesses confrontation naming, which is a language mental function; AUI.AC.ZZ covers all mental functions of language (not just naming), making it broader than this particular naming-specific instrument, but it is the closest available ICHI code in the correct functional domain." }] }, { "code" : "716136009", "display" : "Assessment using Graded Word Spelling Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of writing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spelling is a component of written language and is classified under writing activities in ICHI; SCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing) is the closest available code but covers all writing functions, not just orthographic/spelling ability, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719151001", "display" : "Assessment using Gray Silent Reading Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Gray Silent Reading Test assesses silent reading rate and comprehension, which maps directly to the reading activity domain; SCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading) is the correct ICHI code but encompasses all forms of reading assessment, making it broader than this specific standardised instrument." }] }, { "code" : "788587000", "display" : "Assessment using Griffith Mental Development Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Griffith Mental Development Scale is a standardised multi-domain developmental test covering locomotor, language, eye-hand, personal-social, and performance domains, mapping well to global mental functions assessment. ICHI has no code specific to multi-domain child developmental scales, so this broader \"global mental functions\" test code is the closest available fit." }] }, { "code" : "445786000", "display" : "Assessment using grip ability test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The grip ability test assesses upper extremity hand dexterity and functional grip capacity (a musculoskeletal function test), and ICHI's Test of muscle power is the most relevant category within musculoskeletal function testing. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all muscle power testing rather than the specific hand/grip dexterity focus of the grip ability test." }] }, { "code" : "713633006", "display" : "Assessment using Groningen Frailty Indicator", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Groningen Frailty Indicator is a multi-domain screening tool assessing physical, cognitive, social, and psychological frailty across the whole person; ICHI has no frailty-specific code, and the General health assessment (whole-person level) is the best available broader match. No more specific ICHI frailty assessment code exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "707622003", "display" : "Assessment using gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The GMFCS classifies gross motor functional capacity (sitting, standing, walking, wheeled mobility) in children with cerebral palsy, which maps to the psychomotor functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all psychomotor function testing rather than being specific to gross motor classification in cerebral palsy." }] }, { "code" : "1290000005", "display" : "Assessment using Gugging Swallowing Screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of swallowing as a general category, which is the correct clinical domain. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the use of the Gugging Swallowing Screen instrument; the SNOMED concept is instrument-specific while ICHI encodes only the target and action." }] }, { "code" : "445588001", "display" : "Assessment using Guy's neurological disability scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Guy's Neurological Disability Scale is a structured assessment of overall neurological disability across multiple domains, making AZZ.AA.ZZ (neurological assessment NEC) the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any neurological assessment rather than the specific scale, and the NEC qualifier reflects there is no more precise neurological assessment code in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "763071002", "display" : "Assessment using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) is a clinician-rated assessment of depressive symptoms, which map most precisely to the emotional functions domain in ICHI (AUD = emotional functions target, AA = assessment). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all emotional function assessments rather than a depression-specific rated scale." }] }, { "code" : "445787009", "display" : "Assessment using Hampshire assessment for living with others", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Hampshire Assessment for Living with Others (HALO) evaluates an individual's ability to live and relate with others in social settings, which aligns with the interpersonal interactions and relationships domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all interpersonal relationship assessments rather than this specific instrument for people with learning disabilities." }] }, { "code" : "445615000", "display" : "Assessment using Harris hip score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Harris Hip Score is a standardised outcome measure assessing hip joint pain, function, and mobility, making MLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint) the most precise available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any hip joint assessment rather than the specific patient-reported or clinician-scored Harris instrument." }] }, { "code" : "723641005", "display" : "Assessment using HCR-20 V3 (Historical Clinical Risk management-20 version 3)", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HCR-20 V3 is a structured professional judgement tool specifically designed to assess risk of future violent behaviour, which maps most precisely to ICHI's assessment of violence-related behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of violence-related behaviour, not specifically the HCR-20 structured risk tool with its historical, clinical, and risk management dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "865925009", "display" : "Assessment using Headache Impact Test-6", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HIT-6 is a validated questionnaire measuring the impact of headache (a pain condition) on daily functioning; ICHI's \"Assessment of pain\" under the interventions on pain block is the closest available code. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all pain assessment and does not distinguish headache specifically or the functional impact dimension of HIT-6." }] }, { "code" : "445988008", "display" : "Assessment using health assessment questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a self-reported measure of functional disability and health status used across many conditions; \"General health assessment\" targeting the whole person is the best ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any general health assessment of the whole person and is not instrument-specific." }] }, { "code" : "819959001", "display" : "Assessment using Healthy Eating Index 2015", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Healthy Eating Index 2015 is a dietary quality assessment tool scoring alignment with dietary guidelines, which falls within the ICHI domain of assessing eating behaviours. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of eating behaviours and does not capture the dietary quality scoring or nutrition-guideline-adherence focus of the HEI-2015." }] }, { "code" : "719932008", "display" : "Assessment using Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HHIE is a self-report questionnaire measuring the social and emotional impact of hearing impairment in older adults, which maps to ICHI's assessment of hearing functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all hearing function assessments and does not distinguish the self-reported handicap/psychosocial impact aspect or the elderly-specific scope of the HHIE." }] }, { "code" : "445989000", "display" : "Assessment using hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific patient-reported outcome measure for hip disability and osteoarthritis, while MLJ.AA.AH covers any clinical assessment of the hip joint. The ICHI code is broader, not capturing the osteoarthritis-specific or outcome-score nature of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445040008", "display" : "Assessment using historical, clinical, risk management 20 assessing risk for violence scheme version 2", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VB1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of violence-related behaviours in general and is the closest available ICHI category; the SNOMED concept specifies a structured risk-for-violence instrument (HCR-20 V2) with forensic/clinical detail that ICHI does not distinguish at this granularity." }] }, { "code" : "718707009", "display" : "Assessment using Hoehn and Yahr Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Hoehn and Yahr Scale is a Parkinson's disease motor-disability staging tool; no specific ICHI code exists for it or for Parkinson staging, so the residual \"Neurological assessment, NEC\" category is the closest available code, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719152008", "display" : "Assessment using Holborn Reading Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCF.AA.ZZ directly captures assessment of reading as a target, which aligns well with the Holborn Reading Scale's purpose of measuring reading ability; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any reading assessment rather than this specific standardised instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445990009", "display" : "Assessment using home falls and accidents screening tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VCC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of home safety behaviours, which encompasses the domain of home falls and accident risk that the SNOMED concept targets; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specifically identify falls/accident screening instruments or restrict to the home environment in the way the SNOMED concept does." }] }, { "code" : "445991008", "display" : "Assessment using hospital anxiety and depression scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HADS is a standardised self-report screening tool assessing anxiety and depression, both of which fall within the emotional functions domain. ICHI provides no scale-specific or condition-specific code, so AUD.AA.ZZ is broader than this specific instrument-based assessment." }] }, { "code" : "716809009", "display" : "Assessment using HPNT (Hundred Pictures Naming Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HPNT is a standardised picture-naming test targeting lexical retrieval, which is a language function; AUI.AA.ZZ covers the full domain of language function assessment rather than this specific instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "704182008", "display" : "Assessment using hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly over 65, and drugs/alcohol concomitantly score", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HAS-BLED score is a multi-domain clinical risk stratification tool spanning cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, haematological, and medication factors; no ICHI code captures this cross-system risk scoring, so the closest available code is the general whole-person health assessment, which is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "705038007", "display" : "Assessment using hypomania checklist 32 item revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The HCL-32 is a self-report screening instrument for hypomanic episodes, which are primarily characterised by increased energy and drive; ATI.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code for this domain, though it is broader than the specific instrument and does not capture the mood dimension fully." }] }, { "code" : "763125007", "display" : "Assessment using I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score)", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The I-PSS is a validated questionnaire assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (frequency, urgency, nocturia, flow, etc.), which are urinary functions; NT2.AA.ZZ covers the broader urinary functions assessment domain without specificity to this instrument or to prostate-related symptomatology." }] }, { "code" : "763111006", "display" : "Assessment using ICIQ-UI-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form)", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICIQ-UI-SF is a validated questionnaire-based test of urinary incontinence, which directly assesses urination function. ICHI's NTD.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of urination functions but does not specify the instrument, the incontinence subtype, or the self-report/questionnaire means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715808007", "display" : "Assessment using ICS (Intelligibility in Context Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICS is a standardised parent-report scale specifically measuring speech intelligibility in children across different communication contexts, which is a test of speech function. JUC.AC.ZZ captures tests of speech functions broadly but does not specify intelligibility as the domain assessed or the ICS instrument, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1237452004", "display" : "Assessment using IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) Framework", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IDDSI Framework classifies food textures and liquid thicknesses to guide safe oral intake for people with swallowing difficulties, and its clinical application constitutes a standardised test of swallowing function. KTC.AC.ZZ is broader because it does not specify the IDDSI instrument, the diet-texture/liquid-thickness focus, or the dysphagia context." }] }, { "code" : "1231504004", "display" : "Assessment using IDDSI-FDS (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Functional Diet Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IDDSI-FDS is a standardised scale that rates a person's functional diet level based on their swallowing capacity, making it a test of swallowing function. KTC.AC.ZZ is broader as it does not specify the IDDSI-FDS instrument, the functional diet-level outcome measure, or the dysphagia clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "719311009", "display" : "Assessment using Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities Third Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ITPA-3 is a comprehensive, norm-referenced battery assessing psycholinguistic abilities — the mental functions underlying language reception, association, and expression. AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) maps well to this but is broader, as it does not specify the ITPA instrument, the psycholinguistic model, or the multi-domain battery structure." }] }, { "code" : "450727001", "display" : "Assessment using impact of event scale revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IES-R is a self-report scale measuring intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms following a traumatic event, all of which are emotional/psychological functional responses. ICHI has no code specific to trauma symptom rating scales, so AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is the broadest clinically coherent match, though it covers the entire domain of emotional functions rather than the post-traumatic stress construct specifically." }] }, { "code" : "761885003", "display" : "Assessment using Insomnia Severity Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ISI is a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia, mapping directly onto the ICHI target of sleep functions. ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions generally, making it broader than the ISI's specific focus on insomnia severity, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this concept." }] }, { "code" : "718893008", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Patient Version (1 week recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IPOS-5 is a multi-domain palliative care outcome measure covering physical symptoms, psychological wellbeing, and family concerns — a holistic whole-person assessment. PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment under \"Interventions on whole person\") is the best available fit, though it is substantially broader than this specific validated palliative care instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718898004", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Patient Version (3 day recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept is semantically identical to 718893008 except for the recall period (3 days vs 1 week); both are versions of the same multi-domain palliative care outcome instrument. PZB.AA.ZZ applies for the same reason: IPOS-5 is a whole-person, multi-domain assessment with no more specific ICHI counterpart." }] }, { "code" : "718901003", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Staff Version (1 week recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The staff-completed version of IPOS-5 is a clinician-proxy assessment of the same multi-domain palliative care outcomes; the ICHI code does not distinguish patient self-report from staff-completed instruments. PZB.AA.ZZ remains the best available fit for this whole-person, multi-domain assessment." }] }, { "code" : "718903000", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale 5 Staff Version (3 day recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life testing of the whole person, which encompasses IPOS-style palliative outcome assessments, but is broader — it does not capture the palliative care context, the staff-completed respondent perspective, or the 3-day recall period specificity." }] }, { "code" : "718904006", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Patient Version (1 week recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ represents standardised quality-of-life assessment of the whole person, which aligns with the IPOS patient-completed instrument, but is broader — ICHI does not differentiate by respondent type (patient vs. staff) or recall period." }] }, { "code" : "718899007", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Patient Version (3 day recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised quality-of-life testing of the whole person, matching the holistic palliative outcome measurement concept of IPOS, but ICHI lacks any coding dimension for patient vs. staff respondent or for the 3-day recall window." }] }, { "code" : "718895001", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Staff Version (1 week recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match as a standardised whole-person quality-of-life test, but it is broader — ICHI has no mechanism to encode the staff-rated perspective, palliative care domain, or 1-week recall period inherent in this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718890006", "display" : "Assessment using Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale Staff Version (3 day recall period)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AC.ZZ represents standardised whole-person quality-of-life assessment, which covers the broader intent of IPOS staff-version administration, but is wider — it does not reflect the palliative care setting, staff respondent, or 3-day recall period encoded in this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351994007", "display" : "Assessment using Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICDSC specifically screens for delirium using a checklist applied in ICU settings, targeting disturbances of consciousness/awareness. ATC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of awareness and alertness functions broadly, without specificity to delirium, the ICU context, or the checklist instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445992001", "display" : "Assessment using international index of erectile function", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IIEF is a validated questionnaire specifically targeting erectile function (a domain within male sexual function), while NUA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sexual functions in general — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1332331000", "display" : "Assessment using interviewer led Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CRQ is an interviewer-led structured questionnaire assessing dyspnoea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery in chronic respiratory disease; JTB.AN.ZZ captures the interviewer-administered format targeting respiratory function, but is broader as it does not specify the CRQ instrument, the chronic disease context, or the quality-of-life dimensions assessed." }] }, { "code" : "716797006", "display" : "Assessment using ITPA (Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ITPA assesses psycholinguistic abilities including verbal and non-verbal channels of communication, making mental functions of language the closest ICHI target; however the ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the full scope of the ITPA (which also covers auditory-visual processing and motor encoding beyond language per se)." }] }, { "code" : "446968000", "display" : "Assessment using Jebsen-Taylor hand function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SIG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fine hand use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Jebsen-Taylor test is a standardised battery measuring fine motor and dexterous hand function through timed simulated activities of daily living, which aligns closely with \"fine hand use.\" The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the Jebsen-Taylor instrument or the timed-task methodology." }] }, { "code" : "445994000", "display" : "Assessment using joint protection behavior assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific structured assessment of a patient's joint protection behaviors (a self-management construct used in rheumatology/occupational therapy), whereas MRJ.AA.ZZ covers any clinical assessment of an unspecified joint — it is anatomically broader and does not capture the behavioral/self-management dimension. No ICHI code exists for joint protection behavior specifically." }] }, { "code" : "445995004", "display" : "Assessment using joint protection knowledge assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like concept 445994000, this concerns a structured measurement of a patient's knowledge about joint protection strategies — a rehabilitation construct — but ICHI only offers a generic joint assessment code, making it a broader and imprecise fit; the knowledge-testing dimension has no ICHI equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "714356004", "display" : "Assessment using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K10", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The K10 is a validated 10-item questionnaire that quantifies non-specific psychological distress (anxiety and depression symptoms) as a global psychosocial measure; ATF.AC.ZZ (\"Test of global psychosocial functions\") is the closest ICHI match in concept and action axis (AC = test/scale application), though it is broader as it is not specific to distress screening instruments." }] }, { "code" : "782844001", "display" : "Assessment using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The KOOS is a validated patient-reported outcome instrument specifically for the knee joint covering symptoms, pain, function and quality of life in knee injury/osteoarthritis; ICHI has no knee-specific assessment code (MMJ block contains only surgical and imaging interventions), so MRJ.AA.ZZ (assessment of unspecified joint) is the best available structural match, though it lacks both the anatomical specificity and the patient-reported outcome dimension." }] }, { "code" : "761870009", "display" : "Assessment using KPS (Karnofsky Performance Status)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Karnofsky Performance Status scale measures a patient's overall functional capacity (ability to perform ordinary tasks and self-care), which maps conceptually to a general whole-person health assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not encode the specific functional/performance-status framing of KPS or its common oncology context." }] }, { "code" : "716241007", "display" : "Assessment using Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Language Assessment Remediation and Screening Procedure (LARSP) is a specific standardised test of grammatical/language function, which maps well to AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of language mental functions, not the specific LARSP instrument." }] }, { "code" : "446005002", "display" : "Assessment using large Allen cognitive level screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Allen Cognitive Level Screen is a standardised occupational therapy tool that tests cognitive processing and functional cognition, which falls within higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any test of higher-level cognitive functions, not the specific Allen screen instrument." }] }, { "code" : "705028002", "display" : "Assessment using Leeds revised acne grading system", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Leeds revised acne grading system is a standardised photographic grading tool for assessing acne severity as a skin condition/function. LT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, NEC) is the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it covers any test of skin functions rather than the specific acne severity grading instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718295007", "display" : "Assessment using Letter Cancellation Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Letter Cancellation Test is a validated neuropsychological test of sustained and selective attention, directly corresponding to AUA.AC.ZZ (Test of attention functions). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any test of attention functions, not specifically the Letter Cancellation Test instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718043008", "display" : "Assessment using Listening Skills Checklist", "target" : [{ "code" : "SAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of listening", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SAD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of listening as an activity/participation domain, which aligns with the purpose of the Listening Skills Checklist. However, ICHI does not capture the specific standardised tool (checklist format) used, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446006001", "display" : "Assessment using Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Loewenstein OTCA is a standardised cognitive test battery assessing higher-level cognitive and perceptual functions, placing it squarely within the ICHI domain of testing higher-level cognitive functions. ICHI does not capture the occupational-therapy-specific context or the named instrument, making AUH.AC.ZZ broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "145031000000104", "display" : "Assessment using London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy is a validated questionnaire assessing the degree to which a pregnancy was planned or intended, which falls under assessment of pregnancy-related functions. ICHI does not distinguish planned versus unplanned pregnancy assessment nor the specific validated instrument, making NUE.AA.ZZ broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718864008", "display" : "Assessment using Lower Extremity Functional Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Lower Extremity Functional Scale is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing functional limitations in the lower limb, encompassing muscle power, joint mobility, gait, and activity performance. ICHI's MV2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of movement functions not classified elsewhere and is the closest available category-level code, though it is broader and does not capture the lower-extremity-specific or patient-reported nature of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716159003", "display" : "Assessment using Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Luria-Nebraska battery is a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery targeting higher-order cognitive, motor, and language domains; AUH.AC.ZZ covers any test of higher-level cognitive functions and does not specify this particular battery or its multi-domain neuropsychological scope." }] }, { "code" : "718698002", "display" : "Assessment using Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test for stability of joint functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale measures multiple dimensions of knee function including stability, pain, swelling, and walking ability; MTC.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI assessment code for joint functions but focuses on stability and does not capture the full composite functional scope of the Lysholm instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716878000", "display" : "Assessment using Macmillan Readers Level Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Macmillan Readers Level Test is a specific standardised instrument assessing reading comprehension level; SCF.AC.ZZ matches the core action (test of reading) but is broader, applying to any reading test regardless of the specific tool or purpose." }] }, { "code" : "761873006", "display" : "Assessment using MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MADRS is a clinician-administered scale specifically measuring depressive symptom severity, which falls within the emotional functions domain; AUD.AC.ZZ is broader, covering any test of emotional functions without specificity to depression or to this particular rating instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763696003", "display" : "Assessment using Maelor Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Maelor Scale is a specific validated tool for assessing post-operative or procedural pain intensity. AXA.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of pain but does not capture the use of a specific named instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716168001", "display" : "Assessment using Make a Picture Story Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Make a Picture Story (MAPS) Test is a projective psychological instrument used to assess personality and emotional functioning. ATH.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering standardised testing of temperament and personality, but it is broader as it does not specify any particular instrument or projective methodology." }] }, { "code" : "1304065009", "display" : "Assessment using Malnutrition Screening Tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of weight maintenance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) is a validated tool designed to identify patients at risk of malnutrition, assessed through appetite and weight loss. KTN.AA.ZZ sits within the digestive system / weight maintenance functions block and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader as it covers general assessment of weight maintenance rather than specifically identifying malnutrition risk via a named tool." }] }, { "code" : "443216009", "display" : "Assessment using malnutrition universal screening tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of weight maintenance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is a validated five-step tool for identifying adults who are malnourished, at risk, or obese. KTN.AA.ZZ is the most appropriate available ICHI code within the digestive/weight maintenance functions hierarchy, but is broader as it does not capture the use of a specific malnutrition screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445996003", "display" : "Assessment using Manchester foot pain and disability index", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure assessing pain and functional disability specifically in the foot. MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best available match as a general musculoskeletal system assessment not classifiable elsewhere, but it is broader because it does not target the foot specifically nor capture the pain-and-disability focus of the index; no foot-specific assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "763231000", "display" : "Assessment using Manchester Scale for grading hallux valgus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Manchester Scale for hallux valgus is a photographic grading tool that assesses severity of a specific foot bone deformity; ICHI has no code for hallux valgus or toe joint deformity grading specifically, so MZZ.AA.ZZ (musculoskeletal system assessment NEC) is the closest available code but is considerably broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "713011005", "display" : "Assessment using Manchester Triage System", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Manchester Triage System is a structured clinical urgency/priority assessment of a whole person on presentation; ICHI lacks a dedicated triage classification code, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment at the whole-person level) is the broadest reasonable match, though it does not capture the urgency-prioritisation purpose of triage." }] }, { "code" : "763294006", "display" : "Assessment using Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (foot and ankle)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure assessing pain, disability, and function in the foot and ankle; ICHI contains no patient-reported outcome or foot-and-ankle function-specific assessment code, so MZZ.AA.ZZ (musculoskeletal system assessment NEC) is the best available fit despite being much broader." }] }, { "code" : "445608008", "display" : "Assessment using Marks and Mathews Fear Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Fear Questionnaire (Marks and Mathews) measures phobia and anxiety severity, which are emotional/affective functions; AUD.AA.ZZ (assessment of emotional functions) is the best ICHI match, though it is broader than a targeted phobia/anxiety rating instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715812001", "display" : "Assessment using MARS (Moss Attention Rating Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Moss Attention Rating Scale is a behavioural rating tool specifically measuring attentional deficits, most commonly following traumatic brain injury; AUA.AA.ZZ (assessment of attention functions) directly corresponds in domain but is broader, covering any method of assessing attention rather than this specific scale." }] }, { "code" : "446009008", "display" : "Assessment using McGill pain questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of pain, which encompasses the McGill Pain Questionnaire as a specific instrument, but the ICHI code does not specify the McGill instrument in particular. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718381006", "display" : "Assessment using MCLA (Measurement of Cognitive Linguistic Ability)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MCLA assesses cognitive-linguistic abilities (both higher cognitive and language functions) following acquired brain injury; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the closest single ICHI code, as higher-level cognitive functions in the ICF/ICHI framework encompass language-related cognition, but the code is broader than the specific MCLA instrument and does not fully capture the linguistic component." }] }, { "code" : "714347007", "display" : "Assessment using Me and My School Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Me and My School Questionnaire measures emotional wellbeing and behavioural adjustment in school-age children, which falls within the scope of global psychosocial functions; ATF.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader as it does not specify the school-based or child-specific context of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "713043005", "display" : "Assessment using Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MYMOP is a patient-generated instrument capturing self-selected symptoms, activity limitation, and wellbeing in a primary care context; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — whole person) is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not convey the patient-generated, outcome-profiling nature of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "781680002", "display" : "Assessment using Medical Outcomes Study 20-item Short Form Health Survey", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MOS SF-20 is a standardised multi-domain health status and quality of life survey instrument; PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life — whole person) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it covers any quality of life test rather than this specific health outcomes survey instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716163005", "display" : "Assessment using Merrill-Palmer-Revised Scales of Development", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Merrill-Palmer-R is a multi-domain child developmental assessment covering cognitive, language, fine/gross motor, and social-emotional development, which maps squarely to \"assessment of growth and development.\" The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the use of a standardised psychometric instrument or the paediatric population scope." }] }, { "code" : "715334009", "display" : "Assessment using Metaphon Screening Assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Metaphon is a clinician-administered screening tool specifically for phonological (speech sound system) awareness and processing, making \"Assessment of speech functions\" the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all speech function assessment and does not capture the phonological/screening specificity of the Metaphon tool." }] }, { "code" : "445999005", "display" : "Assessment using methods time measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Methods Time Measurement (MTM) is a predetermined motion-time system used in occupational therapy and industrial settings to quantify the time required to perform work tasks, making it fundamentally an assessment of work performance. ICHI's \"Assessment of engaging in work and employment\" is the closest available category, but is wider as it does not capture the motion-time analysis methodology or the vocational/ergonomic context." }] }, { "code" : "445998002", "display" : "Assessment using Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "SIJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hand and arm use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically for hand disorders, covering pain, function, ADL, aesthetics, and satisfaction; \"Assessment of hand and arm use\" (an activities and participation domain) is the best ICHI match for its functional scope. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any assessment of hand and arm use activity, not specifically a patient-reported outcome instrument for hand pathology." }] }, { "code" : "445997007", "display" : "Assessment using Middlesex elderly assessment of mental state", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS) is a cognitive screening battery for older adults covering orientation, memory, language, attention, and perception — collectively \"global mental functions.\" The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the elderly population, the screening context, or the multi-domain cognitive nature of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718380007", "display" : "Assessment using MILI (Multilevel Informal Language Inventory)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MILI is a structured assessment tool specifically measuring informal language abilities across multiple levels; AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of mental functions of language, making it broader than this specific named instrument. No more granular ICHI code for named language inventories exists." }] }, { "code" : "716729001", "display" : "Assessment using Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale is a standardised test of verbal knowledge and vocabulary (a language mental function); AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering any test of mental functions of language rather than this specific vocabulary instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716177008", "display" : "Assessment using Miller Assessment for Preschoolers", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) is a multi-domain developmental screening tool assessing neurological foundations, sensory/motor, and cognitive functions together; AT2.AC.ZZ (test of global mental functions, NEC) best captures this broad, multi-domain developmental assessment, though it is broader than the specific named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "725810008", "display" : "Assessment using Miller Function and Participation Scales", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Miller Function and Participation Scales assesses both functional performance (fine/gross motor, self-care) and participation in children; AT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI approximation for a multi-domain functional and participation assessment, though ICHI has no code that jointly captures function and participation scales." }] }, { "code" : "763694000", "display" : "Assessment using Mini AQLQ (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mini AQLQ is a validated disease-specific (asthma) quality of life questionnaire; PZB.AC.ZZ (test of quality of life) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI does not distinguish respiratory-specific or disease-specific quality of life measures from generic ones." }] }, { "code" : "713773009", "display" : "Assessment using Mini-cog", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mini-cog screens for cognitive impairment using clock drawing (executive function) and word recall, which ICHI captures under its higher-level cognitive functions target. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any test of higher-level cognition rather than the specific Mini-cog instrument." }] }, { "code" : "446971008", "display" : "Assessment using mini-mental state examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MMSE is a standardised test of global mental functions (orientation, attention, memory, language, visuospatial) and the ICHI \"global mental functions\" target directly reflects this broad scope. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any global mental function test rather than the MMSE specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715878008", "display" : "Assessment using Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Minnesota Test assesses language processing deficits in aphasia, which maps to the ICHI target of mental functions of language. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any language function test and does not distinguish the specific tool or aphasia as the diagnostic focus." }] }, { "code" : "445803001", "display" : "Assessment using Moberg pickup test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Moberg pickup test specifically evaluates tactile gnosis and sensory discrimination in the hand, which maps to the ICHI touch functions target. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any test of touch function without specifying the instrument or the hand as the body site." }] }, { "code" : "450754003", "display" : "Assessment using mobility inventory for agoraphobia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia measures fear-driven avoidance behaviour, which is rooted in emotional dysfunction (anxiety/fear), making the ICHI emotional functions target the closest available fit. The ICHI code is wider as it covers emotional functions broadly and does not capture the avoidance behaviour or agoraphobia-specific nature of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "866002000", "display" : "Assessment using Model for End-stage Liver Disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MELD score is a specific prognostic scoring instrument for end-stage liver disease severity; ICHI has no dedicated liver disease severity assessment code. KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive (including hepatic) functions broadly, making it a wider but reasonably related match." }] }, { "code" : "445804007", "display" : "Assessment using model of creative ability", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability assesses volitional motivation and purposeful motor action in occupational therapy; no ICHI code addresses creative ability specifically. AUC.AA.ZZ (assessment of psychomotor functions) is the closest available target, as it covers the integration of mental and motor processes central to this model, but is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "771163006", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Balance Error Scoring System", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of vestibular functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mBESS is a standardised static postural stability test used primarily to detect balance deficits following concussion, reflecting vestibular, somatosensory, and visual system integrity. CTE.AA.ZZ (assessment of vestibular functions) captures the dominant balance/postural component but is broader, as the mBESS also engages somatosensory and visual channels and ICHI has no specific balance error scoring code." }] }, { "code" : "446000007", "display" : "Assessment using modified checklist for autism in toddlers", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The M-CHAT is a parent-report autism spectrum disorder screening tool targeting social communication and behavioural development in toddlers; ICHI contains no autism-specific assessment code. ATF.AA.ZZ (assessment of global psychosocial functions) is the best available fit given that autism screening encompasses global social, behavioural, and psychosocial developmental domains, but it is much broader than the specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445800003", "display" : "Assessment using modified Harris hip score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The modified Harris Hip Score is a validated patient-reported and clinician-scored outcome measure for hip joint pain, function, range of motion, and deformity. MLJ.AA.AH maps precisely to the target (hip joint) and action (assessment), making it the best available ICHI code, though it is wider as it does not specify the Harris scoring instrument or the outcome-measure methodology." }] }, { "code" : "446001006", "display" : "Assessment using modified health assessment questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Modified HAQ (mHAQ) is a standardised patient-reported questionnaire measuring physical disability and health status across multiple domains (dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, grip, activities). ICHI's \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match as it covers whole-person health status evaluation, but it is broader — it does not specify the questionnaire format, the physical disability focus, or the modified instrument variant." }] }, { "code" : "716173007", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale is used to stage the severity of Parkinson's disease, primarily rating impairment in voluntary motor control and postural stability. ICHI's \"Assessment of control of voluntary movement\" (MVD.AA.ZZ) is the closest structural match, but it is broader — it does not specify the Parkinson's disease context, the staging instrument, or the modified scale variant." }] }, { "code" : "870180004", "display" : "Assessment using modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale grades a patient's perceived breathlessness/exertional dyspnea severity, which is a subjective assessment of respiration function. ICHI's \"Assessment of respiration function\" (JTB.AA.ZZ) is the closest match, but it is broader — it does not specify the dyspnea-only focus, the patient-reported questionnaire format, or the modified MRC instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716536003", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Mini-Mental State Examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Modified MMSE is a structured cognitive screening test covering orientation, memory, attention, language, and visuospatial ability — all higher-level cognitive functions. ICHI's \"Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions\" (AUH.AA.ZZ) is the best-fitting code, but it is broader — it does not specify the structured mental status examination format, or the modified MMSE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "865962006", "display" : "Assessment using modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SWAT is a total symptom burden/severity scoring tool used as a patient-reported outcome measure in clinical trials (commonly rhinitis/allergy), which represents a structured general health self-assessment; ICHI has no code for symptom severity scoring instruments, so PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available concept but is broader than the specific tool-based assessment captured by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290518004", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Tardieu Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle tone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Modified Tardieu Scale is a standardised clinical test of spasticity that evaluates muscle reaction quality and catch angle at defined movement velocities, making it a specific test of muscle tone; MUC.AC.ZZ (Test of muscle tone) is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it does not encode the specific Tardieu methodology or spasticity focus." }] }, { "code" : "716861009", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (and its modified version) is a standardised neuropsychological test of executive functions including cognitive flexibility, abstract reasoning, and perseveration; AUH.AC.ZZ (Test of higher-level cognitive functions) is the best available ICHI match, though it is broader than the specific executive-function test captured by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719313007", "display" : "Assessment using Modified Word Learning Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Modified Word Learning Test is a standardised neuropsychological test of verbal learning and memory (typically assessing immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition); AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the best available ICHI match but is broader, as it does not encode the specific verbal word-learning methodology." }] }, { "code" : "446761000", "display" : "Assessment using modular arrangement of predetermined time standards assessment tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "MV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MODAPTS is a predetermined motion time system used to analyse and quantify discrete body movements in work or rehabilitation tasks, making movement function assessment its core activity; MV2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of movement functions, not elsewhere classified) is the best available ICHI match, though it is substantially broader and does not capture the work-measurement or ergonomics context of MODAPTS." }] }, { "code" : "717710000", "display" : "Assessment using Morgan-Barry Auditory Discrimination and Attention Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Morgan-Barry test specifically assesses auditory discrimination and attention for speech sounds, which is a subset of hearing functions. CTB.AC.ZZ covers tests of hearing functions broadly, making it wider than this specific speech-sound discrimination instrument." }] }, { "code" : "770636004", "display" : "Assessment using MOS SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SF-36 is a standardised multi-domain health-related quality-of-life instrument, aligning closely with PZB.AC.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any quality-of-life test rather than the SF-36 specifically, and the SF-36 also measures physical function and health status beyond quality of life alone." }] }, { "code" : "718369007", "display" : "Assessment using Mount Wilga High Level Language Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mount Wilga test specifically targets high-level language processing (e.g., abstract language, inference, and subtle linguistic deficits) in acquired language disorders, which is a subset of mental functions of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers tests of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this specific high-level language instrument." }] }, { "code" : "725882009", "display" : "Assessment using Movement Assessment Battery for Children Checklist Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MABC-2 Checklist is a standardised tool assessing children's motor coordination and movement competence, which falls squarely within psychomotor function assessment. The ICHI code is wider because it covers assessment of psychomotor functions generally, without specifying the standardised instrument (MABC-2 Checklist), the paediatric population, or the checklist format versus the direct performance test." }] }, { "code" : "725883004", "display" : "Assessment using Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MABC-2 performance test is a criterion-referenced assessment of motor impairment in children, directly targeting psychomotor functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the specific battery used, the age-normed scoring, or the distinction from the checklist edition." }] }, { "code" : "763301008", "display" : "Assessment using MOxFQ (Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire) (foot)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MOxFQ is a patient-reported outcome measure covering pain, walking/standing, and social interaction domains specifically for foot and ankle conditions. No foot-specific assessment code exists in ICHI, so the broader musculoskeletal system assessment NEC code is the best available fit, though it captures neither the foot specificity nor the patient-reported questionnaire method." }] }, { "code" : "782149008", "display" : "Assessment using MSAT (Minnesota Sedation Assessment Tool)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MSAT is a validated bedside tool for assessing depth of sedation and level of consciousness, which maps most closely to assessment of awareness and alertness functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the sedation context, the ICU/procedural setting, or the standardised instrument used." }] }, { "code" : "715332008", "display" : "Assessment using Multilingual Aphasia Examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Multilingual Aphasia Examination is a standardised battery assessing language deficits (aphasia) across multiple modalities, which targets mental functions of language. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the aphasia context, the multilingual/cross-language dimension, or the particular standardised battery used." }] }, { "code" : "772813001", "display" : "Assessment using NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) fibrosis score", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The NAFLD fibrosis score is a scoring tool assessing liver fibrosis severity (a digestive organ function), but ICHI has no code specific to liver fibrosis assessment or hepatic function scoring. KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which is the closest applicable category, making it wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719314001", "display" : "Assessment using National Adult Reading Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a standardised reading test used primarily to estimate premorbid intelligence, and SCF.AC.ZZ (Test of reading) matches well at the activity level. ICHI does not encode specific named instruments, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept but semantically captures the core intervention — administering a reading test." }] }, { "code" : "450742003", "display" : "Assessment using National Institutes of Health stroke scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a structured neurological assessment tool that evaluates stroke severity across multiple domains (consciousness, language, motor function). ICHI has no stroke-specific assessment code, so AZZ.AA.ZZ (Neurological assessment, NEC) is the best available category, though it is broader than this specific standardised tool." }] }, { "code" : "1284901000", "display" : "Assessment using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) is a validated observational pain assessment tool for neonates, which maps directly to the pain assessment target in ICHI. AXA.AA.ZZ captures the core action (assessment of pain) but is broader as it does not specify the neonatal population or the use of a structured scale." }] }, { "code" : "1284907001", "display" : "Assessment using Neonatal Pain Assessment and Sedation Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) assesses both pain and sedation levels in neonates; ICHI does not have a combined pain-and-sedation assessment code, nor a neonatal-specific one. AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) is the closest match but is wider, missing the sedation dimension and the neonatal specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718862007", "display" : "Assessment using Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory in Epilepsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers assessment of emotional functions broadly (including depressive affect), while the SNOMED concept is a specific standardised inventory (NDDI-E) targeting depression in epilepsy patients. AUD.AA.ZZ is the closest clinically appropriate target — it captures the affective/emotional domain being assessed — but it is considerably broader than this instrument-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "719121007", "display" : "Assessment using New Salford Sentence Reading Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCF.AC.ZZ denotes a standardised test of reading function, which directly matches the nature of the New Salford Sentence Reading Test; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any reading test instrument rather than this specific tool." }] }, { "code" : "762998009", "display" : "Assessment using New York Heart Association Classification", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The NYHA Classification grades a patient's cardiac functional capacity based on symptom limitation during physical activity, which maps most precisely to assessment of exercise tolerance functions; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any method of assessing exercise tolerance, not specifically the NYHA instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763119008", "display" : "Assessment using New Zealand priority criteria for major joint replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a prioritisation scoring tool applied before major joint replacement surgery, targeting the musculoskeletal system; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code as a general musculoskeletal assessment, but it is substantially broader and does not reflect the surgical prioritisation context of the New Zealand criteria." }] }, { "code" : "1352001007", "display" : "Assessment using Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The NEMS score is a tool for measuring nursing workload and patient acuity in ICU settings — there is no ICHI code for nursing workload scoring; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, whole person level) is the closest available category, though it is substantially broader and does not capture the administrative/staffing purpose of the NEMS instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445789007", "display" : "Assessment using nine hole peg test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nine hole peg test specifically measures manual dexterity and fine motor coordination of the fingers/hand, which falls within voluntary movement control, but ICHI has no code specific to hand or finger dexterity testing. MVD.AC.ZZ (Test of control of voluntary movement) is the closest functional category, though it is broader than the peg test's targeted finger-manipulation focus." }] }, { "code" : "716207004", "display" : "Assessment using Northwestern Syntax Screening Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Northwestern Syntax Screening Test specifically evaluates syntactic comprehension and production, which maps squarely within language function testing. ICHI does not name individual standardised tests, so AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) is the best fit, though it is broader than this syntax-specific screening instrument." }] }, { "code" : "443717004", "display" : "Assessment using Norton Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of protective functions of the skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Norton Scale is a risk-assessment tool that predicts pressure ulcer (pressure injury) development by scoring physical condition, activity, mobility, and continence — its primary outcome is evaluating the skin's protective integrity. LTC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of protective functions of the skin) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as it does not capture the multidimensional risk-scoring nature of the Norton instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716147002", "display" : "Assessment using Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Nottingham Extended ADL Scale measures independence across domestic, mobility, leisure, and kitchen tasks — broader than basic self-care but anchored in activities of daily living. SM1.AC.ZZ (Test of self care, unspecified) is the most appropriate ICHI code available, though it is wider as it does not specifically distinguish extended/instrumental ADLs from basic self-care tasks." }] }, { "code" : "717002006", "display" : "Assessment using Nottingham Health Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Nottingham Health Profile is a patient-reported outcome measure covering six dimensions (energy, pain, emotional reactions, sleep, social isolation, physical mobility) as an overall indicator of perceived health status, which aligns closely with health-related quality of life testing. PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life) is the best available ICHI code, though broader since it does not specify the multi-domain subjective health profile format." }] }, { "code" : "770635000", "display" : "Assessment using Nottingham Prognostic Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Nottingham Prognostic Index is a breast cancer-specific prognostic scoring tool combining tumour size, lymph node stage, and histological grade; ICHI contains no cancer-staging or prognostic index codes, so the best available match is the generic whole-person general health assessment, which is substantially broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1284856004", "display" : "Assessment using Numeric Pain Rating Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of pain regardless of the instrument used, while the SNOMED concept specifies the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS-11) as the method; the ICHI code is therefore broader, as it does not capture the specific standardised instrument or numeric self-report approach." }] }, { "code" : "445793001", "display" : "Assessment using obligatory exercise questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The obligatory exercise questionnaire measures compulsive or addictive exercise drive, which maps conceptually to the ICF/ICHI domain of energy and drive functions (ATI); however, ICHI does not encode the specific instrument or the behavioural/addiction dimension of compulsive exercise, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "450325006", "display" : "Assessment using obsessive compulsive inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thought functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory assesses OCD symptom severity, which is rooted in disordered thought content and compulsive mental processes; ICHI's assessment of thought functions (AUF) is the closest functional domain, but the code does not specify the OCD-specific instrument or the compulsive behavioural component, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "446003009", "display" : "Assessment using occupational case analysis interview and rating scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Occupational Case Analysis Interview and Rating Scale (OCAIRS) is an occupational therapy tool evaluating a person's occupational performance and work/life engagement; SU2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of work and employment participation, which aligns with the core domain of the instrument, but the ICHI code does not capture the interview-plus-rating-scale methodology or the full breadth of occupational roles beyond work." }] }, { "code" : "446008000", "display" : "Assessment using occupational circumstances assessment interview and rating scale version 4.0 for forensic mental health", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The OCAIRS-4 is a structured interview assessing occupational/psychosocial functioning in a forensic mental health context, which falls within the scope of assessing global psychosocial functions. ICHI does not distinguish specific named assessment instruments, forensic settings, or the occupational framing, making ATF.AA.ZZ broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445796009", "display" : "Assessment using occupational performance history interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI) is a semi-structured interview tool used in occupational therapy to assess a person's occupational adaptation and psychosocial history; ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, which is the closest available ICHI category. ICHI does not capture the specific named tool, the occupational therapy frame of reference, or the historical/narrative interview dimension." }] }, { "code" : "446007005", "display" : "Assessment using occupational self assessment version 2.2", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) is a client-centred tool in which a person rates their own occupational performance and values across self-care, productivity, and leisure; SM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care) captures the self-care dimension but does not reflect the self-report methodology, the versioned instrument, or the broader occupational performance scope of the OSA. No single ICHI code covers all three occupational performance domains assessed by the OSA, so the closest conceptual anchor is assessment of self care." }] }, { "code" : "725815003", "display" : "Assessment using Occupational Therapy Driver Off Road Assessment Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of driving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The OT-DORA Battery assesses fitness-to-drive capacity using off-road (non-on-road) occupational therapy methods, and SKD.AA.ZZ directly represents assessment of driving, making it the closest ICHI match. ICHI does not distinguish the specific battery, the off-road setting, or the occupational therapy discipline context, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "446004003", "display" : "Assessment using occupational therapy functional assessment compilation tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The OT-FACT is a structured compilation tool used in occupational therapy to assess functional performance across multiple life domains (self-care, mobility, cognition, etc.); because it spans body functions, activities, and participation, the closest ICHI code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which covers assessment of the whole person. No single ICHI code captures a multi-domain functional compilation instrument, and PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available assessment category reflecting this cross-domain scope." }] }, { "code" : "445792006", "display" : "Assessment using Occupational Therapy Task Observation Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers structured observation of a patient's ability to undertake tasks, which aligns well with the OT Task Observation Scale's purpose of observing task performance. However, ICHI does not capture the occupational therapy discipline or the specific standardised scale used, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715398005", "display" : "Assessment using Office of Population Census and Surveys disability scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The OPCS disability scale measures functional task performance and limitations across daily activities, which maps most closely to assessment of undertaking tasks in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the OPCS instrument or its multi-domain disability scope." }] }, { "code" : "715423007", "display" : "Assessment using Office of Population Census and Surveys hearing disability scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The OPCS hearing disability scale specifically assesses hearing-related functional limitation, matching ICHI's assessment of hearing functions in target and intent. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the OPCS instrument or the disability/functional limitation framing." }] }, { "code" : "714352002", "display" : "Assessment using Outcome Rating Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Outcome Rating Scale is a brief self-report tool measuring individual wellbeing, interpersonal functioning, and social role performance used in psychotherapy outcome monitoring. ICHI's assessment of global psychosocial functions is the closest match, but is broader as it does not specify the ORS instrument or the therapy-outcome-monitoring context." }] }, { "code" : "1367643009", "display" : "Assessment using Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "O-RADS is a structured risk-stratification assessment system applied to ovarian and adnexal findings (typically on ultrasound or MRI), which falls under assessment of the female genital system in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire female genital system without specifying the adnexal focus, the imaging modality, or the standardised O-RADS reporting framework." }] }, { "code" : "713199006", "display" : "Assessment using Oxford Cognitive Screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Oxford Cognitive Screen is a standardised neuropsychological tool assessing multiple higher-level cognitive domains (attention, memory, language, praxis, number processing), which maps well to AUH.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment of higher-level cognitive functions, not specifically the Oxford Cognitive Screen instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445788004", "display" : "Assessment using Oxford hip score", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Oxford Hip Score is a patient-reported outcome measure evaluating pain and function of the hip joint, which corresponds to MLJ.AA.AH (Assessment of hip joint). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any assessment method for the hip joint, not exclusively the Oxford Hip Score questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "773671000", "display" : "Assessment using Padua Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thought functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Padua Inventory is a validated psychometric instrument measuring obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which are classified within thought functions (intrusive, unwanted, repetitive thoughts and impulses); AUF.AA.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI category. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all assessments of thought functions rather than OCD-specific measurement." }] }, { "code" : "1352019003", "display" : "Assessment using Paediatric Index of Mortality 2", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Paediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) is a severity-of-illness scoring tool used in paediatric intensive care to predict mortality risk; no ICHI code exists for prognostic scoring or mortality prediction specifically, making PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — covering whole-person clinical assessment) the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it does not capture the predictive/prognostic scoring nature or the paediatric ICU context of PIM2." }] }, { "code" : "1344630006", "display" : "Assessment using Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAINAD is a structured observational tool for assessing pain specifically in non-verbal patients with advanced dementia. AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain broadly; it does not capture the dementia-population specificity or the observational/behavioural methodology of the PAINAD scale, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "715322001", "display" : "Assessment using Pain Catastrophizing Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pain Catastrophizing Scale measures cognitive-emotional responses to pain (helplessness, rumination, magnification) via self-report questionnaire. AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers pain assessment broadly, but does not capture the psychological/catastrophizing dimension; the ICHI code is therefore wider than this specific self-report instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445790003", "display" : "Assessment using pain self efficacy questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire measures a patient's confidence in performing activities despite pain — a self-report psychological construct. AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but encompasses all pain assessments without distinguishing self-efficacy measurement, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719875003", "display" : "Assessment using Parenting Daily Hassles Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Parenting Daily Hassles Scale measures frequency and intensity of common parenting stressors/hassles via self-report. VEJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of parenting behaviours broadly within the health-related behaviours chapter; it does not capture the stress/hassles dimension specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest available ICHI match." }] }, { "code" : "725877002", "display" : "Assessment using Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth", "target" : [{ "code" : "SX1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in community, social and civic life, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PEM-CY is a standardised tool measuring participation and environmental factors across home, school, and community settings in children/youth. SX1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of community, social and civic life engagement, which captures the participation dimension but is broader because it does not specify the environmental context or paediatric population." }] }, { "code" : "736708003", "display" : "Assessment using PASS (Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients)", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of maintaining body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PASS specifically quantifies postural control (maintaining and changing body position) in stroke patients using a validated scale. SHD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering assessment of maintaining body position, but it is broader because it does not specify the stroke aetiology, the validated instrument used, or the changing-position component that PASS also scores." }] }, { "code" : "713579005", "display" : "Assessment using Patient Activation Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "VD1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health service-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) assesses a patient's knowledge, skills, and confidence to self-manage their health and engage with health services. VD1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health service-related behaviours, which aligns with the core PAM construct, but is broader as it does not capture the self-management or patient empowerment dimensions of the PAM." }] }, { "code" : "836484004", "display" : "Assessment using Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-management questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PETS questionnaire captures patient-reported experience of treatment burden and self-management demands across multiple chronic conditions. No ICHI code specifically represents patient experience or self-management assessment, so the broadest applicable code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which is considerably broader than this specific validated instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763230004", "display" : "Assessment using Patient Global Impression of Improvement", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PGI-I is a single-item patient-rated scale of global change or improvement in their condition since starting treatment, reflecting the patient's own perception of overall status. PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life) is the closest ICHI concept covering patient-level global health state testing on the whole person, though it is broader in scope and does not specifically denote a change-over-time or improvement rating." }] }, { "code" : "865934004", "display" : "Assessment using Patient Health Questionnaire-4", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PHQ-4 is a validated brief instrument screening for both depression and anxiety, which are emotional functions in ICHI's taxonomy. AUD.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all emotional functions assessment, not specifically the PHQ-4 instrument or the combined depression/anxiety scope — no ICHI code exists for named screening questionnaires of this kind." }] }, { "code" : "445791004", "display" : "Assessment using patient rated wrist evaluation scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scale assesses wrist pain and functional disability; the closest ICHI code captures joint functional assessment (mobility), but is broader as it is not wrist-specific and does not reflect the patient-rated or pain/disability scope of the PRWE instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763372000", "display" : "Assessment using patient satisfaction score", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patient satisfaction scoring is a whole-person, non-organ-specific assessment of the patient's experience with care, which best maps to the general health assessment of the whole person in ICHI; no ICHI code captures patient-reported satisfaction specifically, making this a broad approximate match." }] }, { "code" : "719126002", "display" : "Assessment using Patient-Specific Functional Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is a patient-reported outcome measure of functional ability across any patient-nominated activities; it spans body functions and activities/participation in a non-specific way, best captured by the whole-person general health assessment code, though ICHI has no code for patient-specific or individualised functional outcome measures." }] }, { "code" : "491531000000103", "display" : "Assessment using PCL-5 (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PCL-5 is a validated self-report measure of PTSD symptom severity, which falls under the emotional and psychological mental functions domain in ICHI; AUD.AA.ZZ is the best available code but is broader, as it covers all emotional functions assessment rather than trauma-specific or PTSD-specific symptom evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "1290544004", "display" : "Assessment using Pediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for triage or acuity-scale-based assessment tools; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, interventions on whole person) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering any general health assessment rather than this specific pediatric emergency triage instrument." }] }, { "code" : "870185009", "display" : "Assessment using Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease score", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for PELD or liver disease severity scoring; KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions, under Interventions on the digestive system) is the nearest functional fit, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets hepatic/liver disease severity in paediatric patients." }] }, { "code" : "763226002", "display" : "Assessment using PEDIS (Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation) scoring system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PEDIS is a multi-dimensional wound classification system spanning vascular, integumentary, infectious, and neurological domains simultaneously; no single ICHI code covers this composite assessment, and PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the broadest available single category that can accommodate a whole-person multi-system scoring assessment." }] }, { "code" : "725844001", "display" : "Assessment using Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire-15", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PDAQ-15 measures instrumental and personal activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease patients; SM1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of self care, unspecified, under Interventions on self care in the activities and participation domain) is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it covers any self-care assessment rather than a disease-specific ADL questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "445795008", "display" : "Assessment using Penn State worry questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thought functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Penn State Worry Questionnaire is a validated measure of pathological worry, which in ICHI maps most closely to AUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions, under Interventions on specific mental functions), since worry is primarily a cognitive-ruminative thought process; however, AUF.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all thought functions rather than worry specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715199008", "display" : "Assessment using Perceived Stress Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Perceived Stress Scale is a standardised self-report test instrument measuring how stressful a person perceives their life situations, which maps directly to the ICHI \"Test of handling stress and other psychological demands\" (SDJ.AC.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all tests of stress-handling capacity, not just the PSS tool specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715424001", "display" : "Assessment using Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory is a standardised self-report instrument measuring a person's own perception of their stuttering behaviours (struggle, avoidance, expectancy), which falls within the fluency and rhythm of speech functions domain. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of fluency/rhythm rather than the PSI tool or self-perception angle specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715368003", "display" : "Assessment using Peter and the Cat Narrative Assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Peter and the Cat Narrative Assessment is a standardised test of narrative language ability in children (eliciting and analysing story structure, grammar, vocabulary), which belongs to the mental functions of language domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all language mental function tests rather than narrative-specific assessment." }] }, { "code" : "762193004", "display" : "Assessment using Phoneme Factory Phonology Screener", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Phoneme Factory Phonology Screener is a standardised screening tool assessing children's speech sound system (phonological processes and phoneme production), which maps to the ICHI articulation functions domain. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of articulation rather than phonological screening tools specifically, and ICHI does not distinguish articulation from phonology at this level." }] }, { "code" : "717908007", "display" : "Assessment using Phonological Assessment of Child Speech", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Phonological Assessment of Child Speech (PACS) is a detailed standardised assessment of speech sound errors and phonological patterns in children, which falls within the articulation functions domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all tests of articulation functions and does not differentiate child-specific phonological analysis tools." }] }, { "code" : "717018000", "display" : "Assessment using Phonological Awareness Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Phonological Awareness Profile is a standardised test instrument targeting the cognitive-linguistic capacity to recognise and manipulate phonological units of language, which falls under ICHI's \"mental functions of language\" target axis. AUI.AC.ZZ (Test of mental functions of language) is wider because it covers all language mental function testing, not specifically phonological awareness." }] }, { "code" : "719317008", "display" : "Assessment using Phonological Awareness Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PAT-2 is a standardised normative test of phonological awareness skills (a metalinguistic language function), placing it squarely in ICHI's mental functions of language domain. AUI.AC.ZZ is the best available code but is wider, as it covers all language mental function tests rather than the phonological awareness sub-domain specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716880006", "display" : "Assessment using Phonological Evaluation and Transcription of Audio-Visual Language", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PETAL is a tool for evaluating audio-visual speech perception and phonological processing — a language mental function assessment — which maps to ICHI's AUI.AC.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all tests of language mental functions, not the specific audio-visual phonological evaluation domain." }] }, { "code" : "716770004", "display" : "Assessment using PICA (Porch Index of Communicative Ability)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PICA is a standardised multi-modality test of communicative ability (verbal, gestural, graphic channels) used primarily to quantify aphasia severity — fundamentally a test of language mental functions. AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is wider, capturing all language mental function testing rather than communicative ability assessment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "763105008", "display" : "Assessment using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PSQI is a validated self-report questionnaire that quantifies sleep quality and disturbances, which is a clinical assessment of sleep functions — the domain covered by ICHI's ATK.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of sleep function assessment, not the specific PSQI instrument or its quality-focused construct." }] }, { "code" : "718518006", "display" : "Assessment using PLS-4 (Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PLS-4 is a standardised norm-referenced test of receptive and expressive language in young children, which maps squarely to testing language mental functions. ICHI does not distinguish the specific instrument (PLS-4) or the paediatric age band, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "718988006", "display" : "Assessment using PLS-5 (Preschool Language Scale - Fifth Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PLS-5 is the successor edition to the PLS-4 and is similarly a standardised test of preschool language function; the same ICHI code applies, again being broader because ICHI does not encode specific instrument editions or patient age groups." }] }, { "code" : "1156395000", "display" : "Assessment using Pocket Smell Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of smell functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pocket Smell Test is a brief standardised olfactory identification test, directly corresponding to testing smell function in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific instrument or its brief/pocket format." }] }, { "code" : "445799002", "display" : "Assessment using Pool Activity Level Instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pool Activity Level Instrument is a standardised observational assessment of cognitive-functional capacity used in dementia care, targeting higher-level cognitive functions (planning, sequencing, problem-solving) to inform activity engagement. AUH.AC.ZZ captures the core cognitive testing dimension but is broader, as the PAL also incorporates an activity/participation element not represented in this body-function level code." }] }, { "code" : "761867005", "display" : "Assessment using POS-S Renal (Palliative care Outcome Scale symptom list for end-stage renal disease)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The POS-S Renal is a multi-symptom patient-reported outcome measure quantifying symptom burden and quality of life in end-stage renal disease under palliative care; PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life — whole person target) is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader than this renal-specific, palliative-focused symptom instrument and does not reflect the disease-specific or palliative context." }] }, { "code" : "716829005", "display" : "Assessment using PPVT (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PPVT is a standardised test of receptive vocabulary knowledge, which is a specific sub-domain of mental functions of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers all mental functions of language (not just receptive vocabulary), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the most precise available ICHI code for this cognitive-linguistic assessment." }] }, { "code" : "718318007", "display" : "Assessment using Pragmatics Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pragmatics Profile assesses functional and social use of language (pragmatics) across contexts — a sub-domain of mental functions of language — but no pragmatics-specific ICHI code exists; AUI.AC.ZZ is the best available match, encompassing the broader language mental functions domain of which pragmatics is one component." }] }, { "code" : "716803005", "display" : "Assessment using Pre-speech Assessment Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pre-speech Assessment Scale evaluates oral-motor, feeding, and early phonatory behaviours in infants as precursors to speech development; JUC.AC.ZZ (Test of speech functions) is the closest ICHI code covering the speech function domain the instrument addresses, though it is broader and does not capture the feeding/swallowing or pre-speech developmental specificity of this infant-targeted scale." }] }, { "code" : "725879004", "display" : "Assessment using Preferences for Activities of Children", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in playing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific named instrument (PAC) assessing children's preferences for recreational activities, which falls within the domain of play and leisure engagement. SXD.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category covering assessment of playing/activity engagement in the community/social participation chapter, but it is broader as it is not instrument-specific and encompasses all play engagement assessment, not just activity preference in children." }] }, { "code" : "1287840004", "display" : "Assessment using Premature Infant Pain Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept represents a specific validated pain assessment instrument (PIPP) for premature infants, whereas AXA.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of pain regardless of patient population or tool used. No neonatal- or infant-specific pain assessment code exists in ICHI, making this a wider mapping." }] }, { "code" : "1287841000", "display" : "Assessment using Premature Infant Pain Profile - Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the original PIPP, the revised version (PIPP-R) is a specific premature-infant pain assessment instrument; AXA.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, covering all pain assessments without specificity to instrument, patient age, or clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "716129008", "display" : "Assessment using Preschool Behavior Checklist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Preschool Behavior Checklist is a screening instrument for behavioural and emotional problems in young children, which maps most closely to assessment of global psychosocial functions in ICHI. ATF.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all ages and any method of psychosocial assessment, not specifically behavioural screening in preschool-aged children." }] }, { "code" : "716769000", "display" : "Assessment using Preschool Language Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Preschool Language Scale is a specific standardised language test for young children; AUI.AC.ZZ covers any test of mental functions of language without specifying the instrument, age group, or developmental focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718711003", "display" : "Assessment using Process of Recovery Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Process of Recovery Questionnaire is a specific patient-reported instrument measuring self-perceived mental health recovery; VEL.AA.ZZ encompasses any assessment of psychological health and wellbeing behaviours without specifying the instrument or the recovery-orientation concept, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1345044005", "display" : "Assessment using Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PI-RADS is a structured scoring and reporting framework applied during or after multiparametric MRI of the prostate; NGA.BA.BH captures the imaging procedure itself but does not represent the structured assessment/reporting component that defines the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "865964007", "display" : "Assessment using Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PRISM is a structured diagnostic interview covering both substance use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders; VA1.AA.ZZ addresses only the substance-related dimension and omits the mental disorder axis, making it an incomplete but closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "719086002", "display" : "Assessment using Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PALPA is a specific psycholinguistic battery targeting language processing deficits in aphasia; AUI.AC.ZZ represents any standardised test of mental functions of language without capturing the aphasia-specific clinical context or the psycholinguistic processing focus of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445802006", "display" : "Assessment using psychotic symptom rating scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of thought functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder) fall within the thought functions domain of ICHI, and a rating scale is best captured by the \"Test\" action (AC). AUF.AC.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all thought function testing, not specifically psychotic symptom rating instruments." }] }, { "code" : "1127091000000109", "display" : "Assessment using pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess index", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PUFA index is a structured dental/oral health assessment scoring tooth pathology (pulpal exposure, ulceration, fistula, abscess), which falls within dental examination in ICHI. KAE.AE.AC is broader as it covers any dental examination rather than specifically the PUFA index instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715305003", "display" : "Assessment using Pyramids and Palm Trees Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test primarily assesses semantic (associative) memory and is widely used as a measure of semantic memory function; AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the closest ICHI code, though it is broader as it encompasses all memory testing rather than specifically semantic memory or this named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763243004", "display" : "Assessment using QRISK cardiovascular disease 10 year risk calculator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "QRISK is a validated tool for calculating 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, which constitutes an assessment of cardiovascular function; HT2.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assessments of cardiovascular function rather than specifically a risk-prediction calculator." }] }, { "code" : "715323006", "display" : "Assessment using QRISK2 cardiovascular disease 10 year risk scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "QRISK2 is an updated version of the QRISK algorithm for 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation, semantically identical in clinical purpose to QRISK; HT2.AA.ZZ maps both QRISK and QRISK2 at the same level of granularity since ICHI does not distinguish between specific risk-scoring instruments." }] }, { "code" : "445801004", "display" : "Assessment using quality of upper extremity skills test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SIJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hand and arm use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The QUEST (Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test) assesses specific upper extremity motor skills (dissociated movements, grasp, weight bearing, protective extension), whereas SIJ.AA.ZZ covers the broader activity domain of hand and arm use without specifying the particular instrument or skill components tested." }] }, { "code" : "445675007", "display" : "Assessment using Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SIJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hand and arm use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The QuickDASH is a patient-reported outcome measure for upper extremity function encompassing the arm, shoulder, and hand; SIJ.AA.ZZ captures the same activity domain (hand and arm use) but is broader as it does not encode the instrument-specific focus on disability and symptom severity that QuickDASH provides." }] }, { "code" : "868186005", "display" : "Assessment using Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Adolescent", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The QIDS-A17 is a structured questionnaire specifically measuring depressive symptom severity in adolescents; AUD.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers assessment of emotional functions generally, without specificity to depression, its severity, or the adolescent population." }] }, { "code" : "716792000", "display" : "Assessment using Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rancho Los Amigos scale rates levels of cognitive functioning (from no response through purposeful/appropriate) typically after acquired brain injury; AUH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of higher-level cognitive functions broadly and does not encode the specific scale, the brain injury context, or the full spectrum of consciousness levels the tool spans." }] }, { "code" : "1365747000", "display" : "Assessment using Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants - Shortened Version", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "REAP-S is a rapid dietary screener assessing habitual eating patterns and dietary behaviour; VEA.AA.ZZ (assessment of eating behaviours, under interventions on health-related behaviours) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it does not reflect the instrument-specific, dietary-screening nature of REAP-S." }] }, { "code" : "717032003", "display" : "Assessment using Raven's APM (Advanced Progressive Matrices)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Raven's APM is a standardised non-verbal test of abstract reasoning and intellectual ability, which maps to ICHI's \"Test of intellectual functions.\" ICHI does not have instrument-specific codes, so the ICHI code is broader, covering all intellectual function tests rather than this particular instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716062003", "display" : "Assessment using Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices is a standardised non-verbal intelligence test designed for younger children and special populations, falling squarely within intellectual function testing. ICHI provides no instrument-level granularity, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716114006", "display" : "Assessment using Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The combined Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales assesses both non-verbal reasoning and verbal ability, both facets of intellectual function. ICHI's \"Test of intellectual functions\" is the best available category but is broader, capturing no instrument specificity or the combined verbal/non-verbal scope." }] }, { "code" : "716204006", "display" : "Assessment using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices is the original and most widely used form of the Raven's series, measuring non-verbal abstract reasoning as a measure of intellectual ability. As with the other Raven's variants, ICHI encodes this at the level of intellectual function testing with no instrument-specific distinction." }] }, { "code" : "716763004", "display" : "Assessment using RCADS (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RCADS is a standardised self-report questionnaire measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in children, which are emotional functions in the ICF framework that ICHI targets. ICHI's \"Test of emotional functions\" is the best fit but is broader, covering all emotional function tests rather than this specific instrument or the particular anxiety-depression construct it measures." }] }, { "code" : "718673003", "display" : "Assessment using RCADS-P (Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale Parent Version)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RCADS-P is a standardised parent-report scale measuring anxiety and depression in children, which maps most closely to assessment of emotional functions (target AUD = emotional functions, action AA = assessment). ICHI has no instrument-specific or anxiety/depression-specific assessment code, so AUD.AA.ZZ is broader, covering all emotional function assessments rather than this specific scale." }] }, { "code" : "719119002", "display" : "Assessment using RCBA-2 (Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia Second Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RCBA-2 is a formal standardised test of reading comprehension in people with aphasia, which aligns with the ICHI action \"Test\" (AC) rather than generic \"Assessment\" (AA) applied to the target of mental functions of language (AUI). ICHI has no aphasia-specific or reading-comprehension-specific code, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "719993001", "display" : "Assessment using REEL-2 (Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale - second edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The REEL-2 is a developmental language assessment tool measuring receptive and expressive emergent language, best captured by AUI.AA.ZZ (assessment of mental functions of language). ICHI carries no code specific to emergent/developmental language scales, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "719995008", "display" : "Assessment using REEL-3 (Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale - third edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "REEL-3 is the third edition of the same developmental receptive/expressive language assessment instrument as REEL-2, and maps identically to AUI.AA.ZZ; ICHI does not distinguish between editions or between receptive and expressive language sub-domains, so the match is wider." }] }, { "code" : "714357008", "display" : "Assessment using Relative Stress Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Relative Stress Scale is a standardised instrument for measuring carer/relative stress, which corresponds to SDJ.AA.ZZ — assessment targeted at the \"handling stress and other psychological demands\" domain. ICHI does not have a code for carer-specific or instrument-specific stress measurement, so this is a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "715299000", "display" : "Assessment using Renfrew Action Picture Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Renfrew Action Picture Test is a standardised tool for assessing children's expressive language (grammar and information in picture description), which falls within mental functions of language. The ICHI code covers all tests of language mental functions, making it broader than this specific named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718238006", "display" : "Assessment using Renfrew Action Picture Test Revised Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Revised Edition of the Renfrew Action Picture Test is the same expressive language instrument in an updated form, targeting the same mental functions of language domain. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any standardised language function test rather than this specific named version." }] }, { "code" : "715449002", "display" : "Assessment using Renfrew Bus Story", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Renfrew Bus Story assesses narrative language ability (connected speech recall and retelling), which is a mental function of language. The ICHI code is broader, covering all tests of language mental functions rather than this specific narrative language instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716821008", "display" : "Assessment using Renfrew Word Finding Vocabulary Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Renfrew Word Finding Vocabulary Test specifically assesses expressive vocabulary retrieval, a core mental function of language. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any test of language mental functions rather than this specific vocabulary assessment tool." }] }, { "code" : "445794007", "display" : "Assessment using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RBANS is a standardised multidomain neuropsychological battery spanning attention, language, visuospatial, and memory domains, which aligns most closely with testing of higher-level cognitive functions. The ICHI code is broader than the specific named battery and encompasses the full neuropsychological cognitive scope it measures." }] }, { "code" : "715164009", "display" : "Assessment using Repertory Grid", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of temperament and personality functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Repertory Grid Technique is a structured psychological test that elicits a person's personal constructs — their cognitive patterns for understanding self, others, and relationships — making it primarily a formalized test of personality/construct dimensions. ICHI has no code for this specific technique, and ATH.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all tests of temperament and personality functions." }] }, { "code" : "725819009", "display" : "Assessment using Residential Environment Impact Scale Version 4.0", "target" : [{ "code" : "UGP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health effects of residential buildings", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The REIS v4 is an occupational therapy assessment of how the residential environment supports or hinders a person's occupational performance and independence; UGP.AA.ZZ targets residential buildings using the Assessment action and is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health effect of residential buildings rather than the specific occupational performance impact focus of REIS." }] }, { "code" : "718237001", "display" : "Assessment using Revised Child Impact of Events Scale 8", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CRIES-8 is a validated child self-report scale measuring PTSD symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance, arousal) following traumatic events, primarily capturing emotional and psychological responses to trauma; AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions) is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all emotional function assessment rather than being specific to post-traumatic stress symptoms in children." }] }, { "code" : "1284925008", "display" : "Assessment using Revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Revised FLACC is a behavioural observation pain scale used to assess pain intensity in non-verbal or cognitively impaired patients, making AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) the direct semantic match. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the behavioural observation method or the target population (non-verbal/paediatric patients)." }] }, { "code" : "715454006", "display" : "Assessment using Revised Kendrick Battery for detection of dementia in the elderly", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Revised Kendrick Battery is a standardised psychometric test targeting cognitive functions associated with dementia (memory, object learning) in older adults, which falls within the higher-level cognitive functions domain. ICHI does not have a dementia-specific assessment code, so AUH.AC.ZZ is broader, covering all standardised tests of higher-level cognitive functions rather than this specific battery." }] }, { "code" : "715372004", "display" : "Assessment using Revised Token Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Revised Token Test is a standardised neuropsychological instrument assessing auditory language comprehension, which maps to the mental functions of language domain in ICHI. AUI.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any standardised test of language mental functions, not specifically the Token Test or its auditory comprehension focus." }] }, { "code" : "716725007", "display" : "Assessment using Reynell Developmental Language Scales fourth edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Reynell Developmental Language Scales assess receptive and expressive language development in young children, which aligns with assessment of the mental functions of language in ICHI. AUI.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assessments of language mental functions without specificity to developmental age, a particular edition, or the structured scale instrument used." }] }, { "code" : "445985006", "display" : "Assessment using rheumatoid arthritis work instability scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RA Work Instability Scale measures the degree of mismatch between a patient's functional capacity and work demands, specifically in the context of rheumatoid arthritis; SU2.AA.ZZ captures the assessment of work and employment engagement as its domain. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to any work-related assessment rather than this disease-specific, validated self-report instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1345049000", "display" : "Assessment using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) measures the level of sedation and agitation, which maps squarely onto the ICHI domain of awareness and alertness functions. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of awareness/alertness, while the SNOMED concept specifies the use of one particular validated scale instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715443001", "display" : "Assessment using Rivermead Activities of Daily Living scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rivermead ADL scale assesses a patient's ability to perform domestic and personal self-care activities, which falls under the ICHI self-care assessment category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all self-care assessments, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies administration of the particular Rivermead ADL instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445797000", "display" : "Assessment using Rivermead behavioral memory test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) is a standardised neuropsychological instrument specifically designed to assess everyday memory functioning, which corresponds directly to the ICHI \"Test of memory\" category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any memory test, while the SNOMED concept names the specific RBMT instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718695004", "display" : "Assessment using Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test for Children", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The RBMT for Children is the paediatric adaptation of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and assesses the same everyday memory domain; ICHI has no age-stratified memory test codes, so the adult and paediatric versions both map to the same \"Test of memory\" category, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718696003", "display" : "Assessment using Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test Third Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT-3) is a standardised neuropsychological instrument specifically designed to assess everyday memory function and detect memory impairment. ICHI AUB.AC.ZZ (Test of memory) is the closest available code — action AC (test) is more precise than AA (assessment) for a formal psychometric instrument — but the ICHI code is broader, covering any memory test rather than this specific battery." }] }, { "code" : "445798005", "display" : "Assessment using Rivermead perceptual assessment battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery is a standardised tool for evaluating visual and perceptual deficits, mapping directly to the perceptual functions target (AUE) with the test action (AC). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all perceptual tests rather than this specific battery." }] }, { "code" : "725824007", "display" : "Assessment using Rookwood Driving Battery", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of driving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SKD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of driving ability as an activity, which is the correct domain. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies use of the Rookwood Driving Battery — a specific neuropsychological tool for assessing fitness to drive — with no ICHI code capturing that instrument-level specificity." }] }, { "code" : "716591005", "display" : "Assessment using Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire is a standardised screening instrument measuring emotional and behavioural problems in children, which maps to the global psychosocial functions domain. ATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the Rutter instrument, child populations, or the behavioural screening purpose specifically." }] }, { "code" : "763305004", "display" : "Assessment using S(AD) SAD (Size (area, depth) Sepsis, Arteriopathy, Denervation) system", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The S(AD) SAD system is a multi-dimensional wound classification tool for diabetic foot ulcers, scoring size/depth, sepsis, arteriopathy, and denervation. ICHI has no code for wound grading, wound assessment, or diabetic foot assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the least-wrong fit but is substantially broader than this specific structured assessment instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763233002", "display" : "Assessment using SADQ (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire)", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAA.AA.ZZ directly targets assessment of alcohol use behaviours, which is the clinical domain of the SADQ instrument. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of alcohol use assessment rather than the specific SADQ severity-of-dependence questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "450748004", "display" : "Assessment using Saint George's respiratory questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a disease-specific health status instrument measuring symptom burden and quality of life impact in chronic respiratory conditions such as COPD. JT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the respiratory system, NEC) is the closest ICHI code within the respiratory function domain, but is broader as it does not capture the patient-reported, health-status/quality-of-life nature of the SGRQ specifically." }] }, { "code" : "764528008", "display" : "Assessment using Salford Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Evaluation Instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Salford Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Evaluation Instrument is a specific foot-focused clinical assessment tool measuring joint mobility in the context of rheumatoid arthritis; MTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of joint mobility broadly, without specificity to foot joints or the rheumatoid arthritis context, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "865930008", "display" : "Assessment using Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is a standardised tool measuring cerebellar ataxia, which is a disorder of voluntary movement control; MVD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of control of voluntary movement broadly but does not specify the ataxia context or the named rating scale, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719036008", "display" : "Assessment using SCAN-A Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Adolescents and Adults", "target" : [{ "code" : "CT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing and vestibular functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCAN-A is a specific battery for diagnosing auditory processing disorders, which are central (perceptual) hearing function deficits not captured by the standard hearing function test code; CT2.AC.ZZ as the NEC hearing and vestibular functions test is the closest available fit, but it is wider, covering any unclassified hearing/vestibular test rather than being specific to auditory processing." }] }, { "code" : "720405000", "display" : "Assessment using SCAN-C Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Children", "target" : [{ "code" : "CT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing and vestibular functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCAN-C is the paediatric counterpart to SCAN-A, also targeting central auditory processing disorders; the same reasoning applies — CT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI fit for an unclassified hearing/vestibular function test, but is wider since it does not specify the auditory processing domain or the paediatric population." }] }, { "code" : "716036007", "display" : "Assessment using Schonell Graded Spelling Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of writing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Schonell Graded Spelling Test assesses a child's ability to spell words correctly, which is a component of written language production; SCG.AC.ZZ (Test of writing) is the closest ICHI code but is wider, as it encompasses all aspects of writing ability rather than the specific domain of spelling assessed by this named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "719153003", "display" : "Assessment using Schonell Reading Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCF.AC.ZZ covers any standardised test of reading ability, which is the precise activity being assessed by the Schonell Reading Test. ICHI does not represent named assessment instruments, so the code is broader than the specific named test." }] }, { "code" : "725804008", "display" : "Assessment using School AMPS (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills)", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The School AMPS is an observational assessment of a child's motor and process skills during school-based tasks; STE.AC.ZZ (test of engaging in school education) captures the school-performance context of the tool, though ICHI does not distinguish the motor/process skills axis within it, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "445805008", "display" : "Assessment using scleroderma assessment questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scleroderma assessment questionnaire measures disease-specific health status across multiple body domains; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment targeting the whole person) is the closest match in ICHI, though it is considerably broader and does not reflect the disease-specific or rheumatological focus of the tool." }] }, { "code" : "718430002", "display" : "Assessment using SCORE Index of Family Function and Change 15", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SCORE-15 is a standardised questionnaire measuring family functioning and capacity for change; SSJ.AC.ZZ (test of engaging in family relationships) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the family relationship domain, though it does not cover the systemic/change dimension of the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716213008", "display" : "Assessment using Screening Test for Developmental Apraxia of Speech Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Developmental apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder affecting articulatory coordination; JUD.AC.ZZ (test of articulation functions) is the most specific ICHI code for testing speech articulation, though it does not specifically reflect the motor-planning or praxis nature of the CAS screening tool." }] }, { "code" : "718578000", "display" : "Assessment using Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The START tool is a structured, evidence-based screening instrument used by clinicians to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients, which is a specialised clinical decision-support assessment. ICHI's \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, as ICHI has no medication appropriateness review or prescribing safety screening category." }] }, { "code" : "1332332007", "display" : "Assessment using self-reported Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CRQ is a disease-specific, patient-reported outcome measure assessing health-related quality of life in chronic respiratory disease (primarily COPD), targeting dyspnoea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery. JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function) is the best anatomical match but is broader — ICHI has no self-report questionnaire or respiratory quality-of-life-specific assessment category." }] }, { "code" : "446982000", "display" : "Assessment using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test is a standardised tactile threshold test using calibrated filaments to detect loss of protective sensation, most commonly for peripheral neuropathy screening in diabetic feet. AVD.AC.ZZ (Test of touch functions) is the best available code — touch/tactile function is the exact physiological domain tested — though ICHI does not distinguish the specific instrument or neuropathy context, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "445977002", "display" : "Assessment using Sensory Integration and Praxis Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SIPT is a standardised battery developed by Ayres assessing sensory integration and praxis abilities (visual, tactile, kinaesthetic, and vestibular processing plus motor planning) primarily in children aged 4–8. AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) captures the perceptual-processing assessment dimension most closely, though ICHI does not have a composite sensory integration or praxis-specific test category, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "446002004", "display" : "Assessment using sensory integration inventory revised for individuals with developmental disabilities", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SII-R is a caregiver-report sensory integration screening instrument designed specifically for individuals with developmental disabilities, assessing sensory processing patterns across tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive domains. AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) is the closest available category in ICHI; the developmental disability population and the composite multi-domain sensory integration focus are not separately captured in ICHI, so the match is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450975003", "display" : "Assessment using sensory modality assessment and rehabilitation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMART is a structured multi-sensory assessment tool specifically designed to evaluate awareness and responsiveness in patients with disorders of consciousness, and ICHI's ATC.AA.ZZ captures this core construct (awareness/alertness assessment). However, ICHI's code is broader — it covers any assessment of awareness/alertness functions, not exclusively the SMART instrument or its specific sensory-channel methodology." }] }, { "code" : "446758001", "display" : "Assessment using sensory profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "AV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Sensory Profile is a standardised questionnaire assessing processing across multiple sensory modalities (tactile, auditory, visual, vestibular, oral), and AV2.AA.ZZ is the NEC residual category for assessment of sensory functions not captured by the individual modality-specific codes. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any multi-modal or unclassified sensory function assessment, not the specific Sensory Profile instrument or its sensory processing/integration construct." }] }, { "code" : "725807001", "display" : "Assessment using Sensory Profile 2", "target" : [{ "code" : "AV2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sensory Profile 2 is an updated version of Dunn's Sensory Profile covering the same multi-modal sensory processing assessment across the lifespan, mapping to the same ICHI code as the original; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any unclassified multi-sensory assessment rather than this specific standardised instrument." }] }, { "code" : "446764008", "display" : "Assessment using sequential occupational dexterity assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of psychomotor functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SODA (Sequential Occupational Dexterity Assessment) evaluates fine motor dexterity through sequential hand tasks, which falls within the psychomotor functions domain (the coordinated integration of motor planning and execution); no specific hand-dexterity assessment code exists in ICHI, and AUC.AA.ZZ is the best available fit, though it is broader than manual dexterity alone." }] }, { "code" : "716061005", "display" : "Assessment using Shortened Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Minnesota Aphasia Test is a standardised language assessment battery for aphasia diagnosis, fitting precisely within \"Test of mental functions of language\" (AUI.AC.ZZ); the ICHI code is wider because it covers any language function test, not specifically aphasia differential diagnosis." }] }, { "code" : "1351489001", "display" : "Assessment using Simplified Acute Physiology Scale III", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SAPS III is a structured scoring tool applied to the whole person across multiple physiological parameters to predict ICU mortality; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, target = whole person) is the closest available ICHI code, but it is substantially broader and does not capture the ICU severity-scoring context or any organ-specific detail." }] }, { "code" : "865920004", "display" : "Assessment using Sleep Inertia Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Sleep Inertia Questionnaire is a self-report/interview instrument assessing the subjective experience of grogginess and impaired alertness on waking, which aligns most closely with ATK.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to sleep functions) rather than the more generic ATK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of sleep functions); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all interview-based interventions on sleep functions, not specifically sleep inertia." }] }, { "code" : "716215001", "display" : "Assessment using Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale - Revised 6-40", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SON-R 6-40 is a standardised nonverbal IQ test administered to individuals aged 6–40 years; ATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions) is the best-fit ICHI code, as it covers formal psychometric testing of intellectual capacity, though it does not specify the nonverbal modality or the particular instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716185004", "display" : "Assessment using Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Scale Revised 2.5-7", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of intellectual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SON-R 2.5-7 is a nonverbal intelligence test for young children (age 2.5–7); the same ICHI code ATE.AC.ZZ (Test of intellectual functions) applies as for its sibling scale, and the same wideness caveat holds — ICHI does not distinguish instrument, age range, or verbal versus nonverbal modality." }] }, { "code" : "445720009", "display" : "Assessment using social functioning scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Social Functioning Scale is a standardised rating instrument measuring multiple domains of social and role functioning, which ICHI maps to \"global psychosocial functions\" — the broadest available psychosocial target. ICHI lacks a specific \"social functioning\" target, making this code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445415008", "display" : "Assessment using social phobia inventory", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Social Phobia Inventory is a standardised self-report test for a specific emotional disorder (social anxiety/phobia), which falls under ICHI's emotional functions target. ICHI has no specific code for anxiety or phobia measurement, so this broader \"emotional functions\" code is the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "719877006", "display" : "Assessment using Social Satisfaction Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of quality of life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Social Satisfaction Questionnaire measures subjective satisfaction with social life and relationships, which is a quality-of-life domain; ICHI's \"Test of quality of life\" at the whole-person level is the closest available code. ICHI lacks a dedicated \"social satisfaction\" target, making this mapping wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446759009", "display" : "Assessment using Sollerman hand function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Sollerman Hand Function Test is a standardised assessment of upper limb/hand dexterity using everyday gripping tasks, which ICHI represents as a test of voluntary movement control. ICHI has no specific hand-function test code, and the musculoskeletal voluntary-movement-control target is the closest semantic fit, though broader than the hand-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716218004", "display" : "Assessment using South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology is a standardised test of speech sound/phonological ability in children, which ICHI captures under \"Test of articulation functions\" — articulation being the closest structural equivalent to phonology in ICHI's voice-and-speech hierarchy. The ICHI code is wider as phonology encompasses sound system rules beyond pure articulation mechanics." }] }, { "code" : "39228008", "display" : "Surgical pathology procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available match, as surgical pathology is the examination of surgically removed tissue specimens by microscopy. However, it is an extension code under \"Essential laboratory tests\" and is broader as it encompasses all histopathological examination regardless of specimen origin." }] }, { "code" : "64941009", "display" : "Surgical pneumoperitoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for pneumoperitoneum (insufflation of gas into the peritoneal cavity). KMA.DB.AE is the closest procedural match since pneumoperitoneum is created by injecting gas (CO2) percutaneously, but the ICHI code is broader and non-specific as to substance injected." }] }, { "code" : "428490009", "display" : "Surgical procedure on cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on cervical vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any surgical procedure on the cervical spine. ICHI block BlockL5-MBA is the appropriate grouping-level match and is broader, containing 24 specific child codes (biopsy, fusion, osteotomy, reduction, etc.); no single assignable ICHI category code covers the full breadth." }] }, { "code" : "608849003", "display" : "Surgical procedure on eye proper using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other specified interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated laser procedure codes for the eye — laser is a means/instrument modifier and ICHI's eye codes model specific actions on specific structures without a laser-specific category. BZZ.ZY.ZY is the closest residual code but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both laser means and \"eye proper\" target." }] }, { "code" : "371587008", "display" : "Surgical procedure on eye region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any surgical procedure on the eye region, which aligns best with ICHI's top-level residual \"Interventions on the visual system, unspecified\"; ICHI is still broader as it is not restricted to surgical procedures and covers the full visual system including ocular muscles, lacrimal apparatus, and orbit." }] }, { "code" : "231007008", "display" : "Surgical procedure on lumbar spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has codes for interventions on the spinal cord (block ABA) but none specific to the lumbar segment — the target axis does not differentiate lumbar from cervical or thoracic spinal cord at the category level. ABA.JI.AA is offered as a representative example; a laterality/segment extension (XA8PP5 for lumbar spinal cord) could be appended in practice." }] }, { "code" : "1263451004", "display" : "Surgical procedure on lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MBM", "display" : "Interventions on lumbar vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a rich set of specific codes under block MBM (lumbar vertebral column) but no single assignable code represents \"any surgical procedure on the lumbar spine\" as a grouper; the block BlockL5-MBM is the best structural match, though non-assignable and broader as it includes imaging and non-surgical interventions." }] }, { "code" : "1163360005", "display" : "Surgical procedure on skeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL3-MAA is the top-level ICHI block for the musculoskeletal system, which encompasses the skeletal system but is broader because it also includes muscle and soft tissue interventions; no narrower ICHI block exists that covers only skeletal (bone) interventions across all body regions." }] }, { "code" : "83554005", "display" : "Surgical procedure on soft tissue of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"soft tissue of hand\" block; BlockL4-MGB is the closest container and covers all musculoskeletal structures of the hand including muscle, tendon, ligament, and fascia (the soft tissue components), but also bone and joint, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1263438009", "display" : "Surgical procedure on thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MCB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains numerous specific MBG procedure codes for the thoracic spine but no single aggregating \"surgical procedure on thoracic spine\" code; the parent block BlockL4-MCB covers all trunk musculoskeletal structures including but not limited to the thoracic spine, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "385487005", "display" : "Surgical procedure on thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAE", "display" : "Interventions on thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-PAE is the broadest ICHI grouping for interventions on the thorax as a topographical region. The ICHI block is a non-assignable organisational node covering all thorax interventions, making it wider than the already-broad SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35947009", "display" : "Surgical reduction of torsion of testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.LD.AA", "display" : "Reduction of torsion of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Testicular torsion (twisting of the testis) occurs at the spermatic cord, and surgical correction is performed by untwisting the spermatic cord — so ICHI codes this as reduction of torsion of the spermatic cord. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it targets the spermatic cord rather than the testis specifically, but it is the standard representation of this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "68381003", "display" : "Surgical removal of erupted tooth requiring elevation of mucoperiosteal flap and removal of bone and/or section of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JK.AC captures the essential procedure — surgical removal of a tooth through an incision — corresponding to the technique described in the SNOMED concept (mucoperiosteal flap elevation). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify tooth type (erupted vs impacted), need for bone removal, or sectioning of the tooth." }] }, { "code" : "1268674007", "display" : "Surgical removal of peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JD.AA precisely captures the target (peritoneal cavity) and the action (removal of an internal device), directly corresponding to removing a peritoneal dialysis catheter. It is wider because the ICHI code does not specify that the device is a dialysis catheter; the open (AA) approach matches the surgical qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "363318002", "display" : "Surgical removal of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"total excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC\" captures the closest semantic equivalent of surgical removal of skin, but it also includes subcutaneous tissue and is body-site unspecified; more specific site-coded excision codes exist but would be narrower, so the NEC residual code is the best single cross-site match." }] }, { "code" : "78891000", "display" : "Surgical repair and revision of window", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to surgical repair of the oval or round window (fenestrae) of the inner ear, which is more specific than ICHI's \"Repair of inner ear\"; no dedicated ICHI code exists for the oval or round window specifically, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "302483003", "display" : "Surgical spinal manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific manipulation codes per spinal region but the SNOMED concept does not specify a region; MBZ.PA.AH serves as the NEC residual covering unspecified vertebral manipulation, broader than the SNOMED term which specifically denotes a surgical (rather than chiropractic) approach — a distinction ICHI does not encode separately in the means axis." }] }, { "code" : "62688006", "display" : "Surgical treatment of miscarriage of any trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code explicitly representing surgical management of miscarriage; D&C of the uterus is the most common surgical intervention for miscarriage across all trimesters, but the ICHI code is a generic procedural description that would also apply to D&C performed for other indications, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "18489003", "display" : "Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of first trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JE.AC is the closest ICHI match for first-trimester missed miscarriage surgical management (D&C or surgical evacuation), but the ICHI code carries no indication-specific or trimester-specific meaning, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "5191001", "display" : "Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of second trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish trimester-specific missed miscarriage management; D&C of the uterus is the standard surgical procedure used, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the retained-products-of-conception indication or the trimester." }] }, { "code" : "69621003", "display" : "Surgical treatment of missed miscarriage of third trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to missed miscarriage or its trimester; NME.JE.AC represents the principal surgical technique used, but is broader because it covers any uterine curettage indication with no trimester or clinical-context qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "386458004", "display" : "Surveillance: safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VC1.VC.ZZ directly combines public health surveillance with a safety focus; however, the ICHI code is scoped specifically to safety-related behaviours (a public-health-behaviour framing), whereas the SNOMED concept may encompass broader clinical safety surveillance contexts such as patient safety monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "359896003", "display" : "Suture of laceration of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.MK.AA covers all open repair interventions on the breast, of which suture of a laceration is one specific technique; the ICHI code does not specify the cause (laceration) or method (suture), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "398194002", "display" : "Suture of laceration of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.MK.AA encompasses all open repair procedures on the bronchus, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies suture of a laceration as the particular technique and injury type; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "13123005", "display" : "Suture of laceration of chest wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAF.MK.AA covers open repair of the chest wall generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies both the pathology (laceration) and the technique (suture), making ICHI broader than the more granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "21832001", "display" : "Suture of laceration of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Repair of diaphragm\" captures the correct target (diaphragm) and a repair action, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all forms of diaphragm repair and is not restricted to suture of a traumatic laceration specifically." }] }, { "code" : "417224006", "display" : "Suture of laceration of external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of external ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target (external ear / auricle) is well-matched, but the ICHI action \"repair\" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific procedure of suturing a laceration, and does not encode the wound-suture means." }] }, { "code" : "708789002", "display" : "Suture of laceration of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers repair of the oral cavity as a whole (broader target than \"mouth\" alone) and the repair action is wider than suture of a laceration specifically; it is the closest available NEC code in the ICHI mouth/pharynx chapter." }] }, { "code" : "715448005", "display" : "Assessment using South Tyneside Assessment of Syntactic Structures", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The South Tyneside Assessment of Syntactic Structures targets syntax comprehension and production within language functions; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this syntax-specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "897480001", "display" : "Assessment using Spence Children's Anxiety Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale measures anxiety in children, a specific emotional function; AUD.AC.ZZ covers testing of emotional functions broadly, which is wider than this anxiety-specific paediatric tool." }] }, { "code" : "715781007", "display" : "Assessment using St. Mark's incontinence score", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The St. Mark's incontinence score quantifies severity of faecal incontinence (a defaecation function); KTK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of defaecation functions generally and is therefore wider than this single scoring instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718388000", "display" : "Assessment using Standard Reading Tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Standard Reading Tests is a specific standardised battery assessing reading ability; SCF.AC.ZZ represents testing of reading as an activity, broader as it encompasses any test of reading rather than this named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "770658002", "display" : "Assessment using Standardized Assessment of Concussion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SAC evaluates orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and delayed recall after concussive injury; ATC.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is wider, also covering memory and attention domains not captured by this single code." }] }, { "code" : "719090000", "display" : "Assessment using Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale fifth edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Stanford-Binet 5th edition is a standardised psychometric test of intelligence (a higher-level cognitive function); AUH.AC.ZZ is wider as it covers any such test, not specifically the Stanford-Binet instrument." }] }, { "code" : "719214003", "display" : "Assessment using Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale fourth edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Stanford-Binet 4th edition is a standardised intelligence test targeting higher-level cognitive functions; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific instrument version." }] }, { "code" : "447244006", "display" : "Assessment using stereognostic test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stereognosis is the ability to identify objects by touch alone, a tactile sensory function; AVD.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though wider as it covers all touch function testing rather than object-recognition by touch specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715367008", "display" : "Assessment using Stocker Probe Technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Stocker Probe Technique evaluates stuttering severity in children through structured elicited speech; JUF.AC.ZZ is the best ICHI match but wider, encompassing any test of speech fluency/rhythm rather than this specific probe methodology." }] }, { "code" : "1367636003", "display" : "Assessment using STOP-Bang questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The STOP-Bang is a validated screening questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea risk; ATK.AC.ZZ is wider because it covers any standardised test of sleep functions, not specifically OSA risk screening via questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "718643007", "display" : "Assessment using STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions)", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers any assessment of medications, whereas STOPP is a specific validated screening tool targeting potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults; the ICHI code captures the action and target but lacks tool/age specificity." }] }, { "code" : "715897008", "display" : "Assessment using Story Completion Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Story Completion Test is a projective narrative task probing higher-level cognitive and representational processes; ICHI has no code for a named projective test, and AUH.AA.ZZ is the closest functional category but broader." }] }, { "code" : "450318004", "display" : "Assessment using strengths and difficulties questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SDQ is a multi-domain behavioural and emotional screening questionnaire spanning emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer, and prosocial domains; ATF.AA.ZZ captures global psychosocial functioning but is broader, not specifying the instrument or sub-domains." }] }, { "code" : "705027007", "display" : "Assessment using stroke impact scale version 3.0", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Stroke Impact Scale v3.0 is a multidimensional patient-reported outcome instrument; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the nearest available ICHI code but a residual NEC category considerably broader and not reflective of the multi-domain, patient-reported nature." }] }, { "code" : "716160008", "display" : "Assessment using Stuttering Prediction Instrument for Young Children", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Stuttering Prediction Instrument evaluates fluency to predict stuttering chronicity; JUF.AA.ZZ sits in fluency-and-rhythm-of-speech-functions and is the closest ICHI code, but broader as it covers any assessment of fluency/rhythm." }] }, { "code" : "715518005", "display" : "Assessment using Stuttering Severity Instrument for children and adults", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SSI-4 targets stuttering, falling under fluency and rhythm of speech functions in ICHI; JUF.AC.ZZ captures the test action on the correct domain but is broader, covering all fluency/rhythm testing rather than stuttering specifically." }] }, { "code" : "447177002", "display" : "Assessment using subgroups for targeted treatment back screening tool", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The STarT Back Screening Tool stratifies low back pain patients by risk subgroup; ICHI has no code for spine-specific or back pain screening, so the NEC musculoskeletal assessment code is the closest match, though substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "713063003", "display" : "Assessment using Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk-benefit ratio, Encouragement test", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of decision making", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SURE test measures decisional conflict around treatment choices via self-assurance, information understanding, risk-benefit weighing, and social pressure; SCL.AA.ZZ captures decision making but is broader, not specific to decisional conflict." }] }, { "code" : "716214002", "display" : "Assessment using Symbol Digit Modalities Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SDMT primarily measures sustained attention and information processing speed via symbol substitution; AUA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but wider, as SDMT also recruits psychomotor speed and working memory." }] }, { "code" : "720538007", "display" : "Assessment using Symbolic Play Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in playing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Symbolic Play Test (2nd Ed.) assesses early language and cognitive development through structured observation of symbolic play; SXD.AC.ZZ maps to the play-activity domain but is wider, with no code specific to symbolic play as a developmental proxy." }] }, { "code" : "1371330005", "display" : "Assessment using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCORE2 is a structured cardiovascular risk scoring tool targeting atherosclerotic risk; HT2.AA.ZZ is broader because it covers all cardiovascular function assessments rather than specifically coronary risk estimation using a standardised scale." }] }, { "code" : "716217009", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills assesses auditory information processing in children; CTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but broader, covering any test of hearing functions rather than auditory perceptual skills specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716219007", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Auditory Processing Skills Third Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TAPS-3 is a standardised auditory processing battery; ICHI lacks a dedicated auditory processing code, so CTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions) is the closest available match but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "716881005", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Auditory Reasoning and Processing Skills", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TARPS evaluates auditory reasoning and processing; CTB.AC.ZZ captures the correct functional domain (hearing) but is broader, not distinguishing auditory reasoning/processing as a specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716885001", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Language Competence", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Test of Language Competence assesses metalinguistic awareness and language competence; AUI.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any test of language mental functions rather than this specific standardised instrument." }] }, { "code" : "719321001", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Language Development Fourth Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUI.AC.ZZ covers standardised testing of mental functions of language, which encompasses language development testing; ICHI does not distinguish named instruments or developmental focus, making it broader than the TOLD-4." }] }, { "code" : "718625008", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Minimal Articulation Competence", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JUD.AC.ZZ represents standardised testing of articulation functions, aligning with the T-MAC's focus on phoneme production; ICHI is wider as it does not specify the named instrument or \"minimal competence\" framing." }] }, { "code" : "719331008", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Pragmatic Language Skills Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pragmatic language (social use, discourse, context) falls under mental functions of language in ICHI; no code for pragmatics or social communication exists, and AUI.AC.ZZ is wider, covering all language function testing." }] }, { "code" : "716060006", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Pretend Play", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of engaging in playing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXD.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering standardised testing of engagement in playing; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish pretend/symbolic play and does not reference the specific named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716815009", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Syntactic Abilities", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Syntactic abilities (grammar, sentence structure) are a component of mental functions of language; no syntax-specific ICHI code exists, so AUI.AC.ZZ is the best match but wider, covering the full language function domain." }] }, { "code" : "716826003", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Word Finding in Discourse", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Test of Word Finding in Discourse assesses word retrieval in connected speech, a sub-function of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language broadly, making it wider than this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716210006", "display" : "Assessment using Test of Word Knowledge", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Test of Word Knowledge assesses lexical/semantic knowledge, a specific aspect of language function; AUI.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but broader, covering all language function testing rather than vocabulary knowledge specifically." }] }, { "code" : "870182007", "display" : "Assessment using the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BEDQ is a patient-reported questionnaire targeting oesophageal swallowing symptoms; KTC.AN.ZZ is the closest match in ICHI but is wider as it covers any interview modality about swallowing, not specifically a validated dysphagia questionnaire." }] }, { "code" : "865969002", "display" : "Assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MINI-KID is a structured diagnostic interview assessing global psychiatric/mental health across multiple diagnostic categories in children; AT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI category but broader, lacking child-specific or neuropsychiatric scope." }] }, { "code" : "715915000", "display" : "Assessment using Therapy Outcome Measure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Therapy Outcome Measure rates impairment, activity, participation, and wellbeing across rehabilitation disciplines; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but wider, not capturing the rehabilitation outcome measurement intent specific to TOM." }] }, { "code" : "450737006", "display" : "Assessment using thirty second chair stand test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The 30-second chair stand test quantifies lower-limb muscle strength via sit-to-stand repetitions; ICHI captures the correct functional domain (muscle power) but has no code specific to this named timed test, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "40181000234106", "display" : "Assessment using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TI-RADS is a structured scoring/reporting framework applied to thyroid ultrasound findings; ICHI covers the imaging intervention itself but is broader because it does not capture the standardised risk-stratification reporting component that defines the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443704002", "display" : "Assessment using Tinetti balance and gait scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Tinetti POMA evaluates balance and gait, with primary clinical use in gait and fall-risk assessment; MVG.AC.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the balance sub-component or the specific named instrument, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "443573009", "display" : "Assessment using Tinetti falls efficacy scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale measures self-efficacy and fear of falling — a psychosocial construct; ATF.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category but substantially broader than this specific named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718626009", "display" : "Assessment using Token Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Token Test is a standardised instrument assessing receptive language comprehension, primarily used to identify and quantify aphasia; AUI.AC.ZZ aligns directly with this domain but is broader, covering any language function test." }] }, { "code" : "770541001", "display" : "Assessment using Trauma Screening Questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The TSQ is a standardised instrument screening for post-traumatic emotional and arousal symptoms; ICHI has no specific PTSD/trauma screening code, so AUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions) is the closest match but broader." }] }, { "code" : "719113001", "display" : "Assessment using TWF-3 (Test of Word Finding Third Edition)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The TWF-3 is a standardised assessment of word-retrieval ability, a specific mental function of language; AUI.AC.ZZ covers testing of mental functions of language as a whole and is broader than this word-finding-specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763124006", "display" : "Assessment using TYM (Test Your Memory) test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The TYM is a validated self-administered cognitive screening tool primarily assessing memory and orientation; AUB.AC.ZZ captures the central construct but is slightly broader as TYM also touches on other cognitive domains." }] }, { "code" : "840548001", "display" : "Assessment using University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of smell functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The UPSIT is a standardised forced-choice scratch-and-sniff olfactory identification test; AVB.AC.ZZ is the dedicated ICHI code for testing smell — a very close conceptual match, though ICHI does not name the specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "763006006", "display" : "Assessment using University of Texas Wound Classification System", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The UT Wound Classification System is a wound severity staging tool; ICHI has no wound classification or staging code, so LZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC) is the nearest available code but substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "709864005", "display" : "Assessment using Vanderbilt Assessment Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of attention functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale assesses ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, conduct) in children; AUA.AA.ZZ covers attention functions broadly, capturing the primary domain but not reflecting the scale's screening for conduct, anxiety, or academic performance." }] }, { "code" : "715447000", "display" : "Assessment using Verbal Rating Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The VRS is a validated pain intensity measurement instrument using verbal descriptors (none, mild, moderate, severe); AXA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of pain broadly and is thus broader than this specific structured scale, but is the closest available ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "443703008", "display" : "Assessment using vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of vestibular functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The VADL scale measures the impact of vestibular dysfunction on daily activities via patient-reported questionnaire; CTE.AA.ZZ covers vestibular function assessment generally and is broader, not capturing the ADL/functional impact dimension." }] }, { "code" : "716095009", "display" : "Assessment using Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Vineland-II is a standardised semi-structured interview assessing adaptive behaviour across communication, daily living skills, socialisation, and motor skills; ATF.AA.ZZ is the closest broad ICHI category but does not capture the full adaptive behaviour construct." }] }, { "code" : "445719003", "display" : "Assessment using visual analog pain scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the general act of assessing pain but does not encode the specific instrument used (visual analog scale). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any method of pain assessment." }] }, { "code" : "717019008", "display" : "Assessment using Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Vocal Profile Analysis Scheme is a perceptual tool for systematically describing voice quality, which maps to assessing voice functions; ICHI is wider because it covers any method of voice function assessment without specifying the VPAS instrument." }] }, { "code" : "450757005", "display" : "Assessment using voice handicap index", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Voice Handicap Index is a patient-reported outcome measure quantifying the impact of voice disorders, which falls within assessment of voice functions in ICHI; ICHI is wider as it encompasses all methods of voice function assessment and does not distinguish patient-reported from clinician-administered tools." }] }, { "code" : "718391000", "display" : "Assessment using Voice Impact Profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Voice Impact Profile is a patient-reported outcome measure specifically assessing the impact of voice disorders, which falls squarely within assessment of voice functions. ICHI's code is broader as it covers all assessments of voice functions without specifying the particular instrument used." }] }, { "code" : "445978007", "display" : "Assessment using volitional questionnaire version 4.1", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of energy and drive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Volitional Questionnaire is an occupational therapy tool measuring a person's motivation, volition, and drive for purposeful activity; the closest ICHI concept is assessment of energy and drive functions, which captures motivation and drive. ICHI is broader as it does not specify the instrument or the occupational context of volition." }] }, { "code" : "719215002", "display" : "Assessment using WAB (Western Aphasia Battery)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Western Aphasia Battery is a standardised neurological test evaluating language functions in patients with aphasia, which maps to ICHI's assessment of mental functions of language. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all language function assessments without specifying the aphasia battery instrument." }] }, { "code" : "718425001", "display" : "Assessment using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale measures positive mental well-being at a global/holistic level, which corresponds to assessment of global psychosocial functions in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all assessments of global psychosocial functioning rather than this specific well-being scale." }] }, { "code" : "445302003", "display" : "Assessment using Waterlow Scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "LTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of protective functions of the skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Waterlow Scale is a clinical risk assessment tool for pressure ulcer/injury risk, which is fundamentally an assessment of the skin's protective integrity. ICHI's code is broader as it covers any assessment of protective skin functions rather than this specific pressure-injury risk scoring instrument." }] }, { "code" : "719076003", "display" : "Assessment using Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test Second Edition", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test specifically assesses the ability to discriminate between phonemically similar speech sounds, which is a targeted subset of hearing functions. CTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of hearing functions broadly, making it wider than this specific auditory discrimination instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716208009", "display" : "Assessment using Western Aphasia Battery Revised", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised is a standardised tool for diagnosing and quantifying aphasia across multiple language domains (fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming), which is precisely a test of mental functions of language. ICHI does not encode the specific instrument, making the code wider than this named test." }] }, { "code" : "446760004", "display" : "Assessment using Westmead Home Safety Assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Westmead Home Safety Assessment is a structured occupational therapy tool evaluating hazards in the home environment for fall prevention, which aligns well with ICHI's \"assessment of home safety behaviours.\" The ICHI code does not capture the specific instrument or the fall-prevention framing, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "716093002", "display" : "Assessment using Westmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Westmead PTA scale measures the duration and severity of post-traumatic amnesia following acquired brain injury, making \"assessment of memory\" the closest ICHI category. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the post-traumatic context, the named instrument, or the serial nature of PTA monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "1230349005", "display" : "Assessment using WHO performance status scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The WHO performance status scale measures a patient's level of functioning and ability to perform daily activities, typically in an oncology context — this maps most closely to a general health assessment of the whole person. PZB.AA.ZZ is wider because it does not capture the functional/activity-limitation focus or the oncological context of the WHO performance status instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716876001", "display" : "Assessment using Wiig CRIL (Criterion Referenced Inventory of Language)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Wiig CRIL is a specific standardised criterion-referenced inventory assessing language skills, and AUI.AC.ZZ directly encodes a test of mental functions of language, which semantically covers this intervention precisely at the level ICHI encodes. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish individual named test instruments, so the code applies to any language function test." }] }, { "code" : "716205007", "display" : "Assessment using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a well-established neuropsychological instrument for assessing executive function, cognitive flexibility, and abstract reasoning — all of which fall under higher-level cognitive functions in the ICF/ICHI framework. AUH.AC.ZZ maps correctly at the action and target level; ICHI is wider because it covers any test in this domain rather than the specific WCST instrument." }] }, { "code" : "716767003", "display" : "Assessment using WOLD (Wechsler Objective Language Dimensions) test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The WOLD is a standardised psychometric battery assessing language dimensions including listening comprehension and oral expression, squarely within the domain of mental functions of language. AUI.AC.ZZ captures the correct action (test) and target (mental functions of language); ICHI does not distinguish named instruments, making it wider than the specific WOLD test." }] }, { "code" : "446174004", "display" : "Assessment using work ability index", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Work Ability Index is a specific standardised self-report instrument for assessing a person's capacity to perform their job; SU2.AA.ZZ covers all assessments of work and employment engagement without specifying a particular instrument or method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445981002", "display" : "Assessment using work environment impact scale version 2.0", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Work Environment Impact Scale assesses how work environment factors affect occupational performance; SU2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI category but is broader, covering all work and employment assessments rather than specifically the environmental impact dimension or this named instrument." }] }, { "code" : "445980001", "display" : "Assessment using Worker Role Interview Version 10.0", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Worker Role Interview is a semi-structured interview tool evaluating psychosocial and environmental factors affecting return to work; SU2.AN.ZZ specifically captures the interview modality applied to work and employment, making it a closer fit than the generic assessment code, though it remains broader as it covers any such interview rather than this specific instrument." }] }, { "code" : "715444007", "display" : "Assessment using Yale Swallow Protocol", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Yale Swallow Protocol is a specific standardised three-ounce water swallow screening test used at the bedside; KTC.AC.ZZ captures any test of swallowing function and is therefore broader, but it is the closest assignable ICHI category under the dedicated swallowing interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "718737000", "display" : "Assessment using Zung self rating depression scale", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a standardised self-report instrument specifically targeting depressive symptoms, which falls within the emotional functions domain in ICHI. AUD.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable code, but it is broader — it covers all emotional function testing, not specifically depression or the Zung instrument." }] }, { "code" : "1186746005", "display" : "Assist control ventilation pressure control inflation-type", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's JTB.DE.AC covers artificial/mechanical ventilation in general; it does not distinguish between pressure-controlled and volume-controlled modes or between assist-control and other ventilator strategies, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1186745009", "display" : "Assist control ventilation volume-control inflation-type", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the single ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation and does not differentiate by inflation type or control mode, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1544381000168104", "display" : "Assistance with general house cleaning", "target" : [{ "code" : "SOD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with doing housework", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SOD.RB.ZZ covers practical support for doing housework in general, which is broader than cleaning specifically; ICHI has no dedicated code for cleaning alone, and \"doing housework\" encompasses cleaning as well as other household tasks, making the ICHI code slightly wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "12051000202101", "display" : "Assistance with handling mail", "target" : [{ "code" : "SO2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mail handling; the closest match is the residual household tasks category SO2.RB.ZZ, which is considerably broader, covering any household task not captured by more specific codes such as meal preparation or housework." }] }, { "code" : "1544351000168106", "display" : "Assistance with home garden maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "SO2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for garden or outdoor maintenance; the residual household tasks category SO2.RB.ZZ is the best available fit, though it is substantially broader than the garden-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "14681000202108", "display" : "Assistance with participation in religious service", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in religion and spirituality broadly, which is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on participation in a religious service; no more granular ICHI code for attending or participating in religious services exists." }] }, { "code" : "1343661006", "display" : "Assistance with search for housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.RB.ZZ covers practical support in the domain of housing services broadly, which encompasses helping someone search for housing, but is not limited to that specific activity. No more precise ICHI code exists for the act of searching for accommodation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "8571000202104", "display" : "Assistance with shopping", "target" : [{ "code" : "SND.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with acquisition of goods and services", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SND.RB.ZZ captures practical support with acquiring goods and services, which is the closest ICHI concept to shopping assistance; it is broader because it covers all goods and services acquisition rather than the retail shopping activity specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1544121000168100", "display" : "Assistance with washing and ironing", "target" : [{ "code" : "SOD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with doing housework", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SOD.RB.ZZ is the best available fit as washing and ironing are core housework activities; the ICHI code is broader because \"doing housework\" encompasses all domestic chores, not just laundry tasks." }] }, { "code" : "1230190004", "display" : "Assisting toileting activities using a commode chair", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMD.RB.ZZ captures practical support with toileting as an activity, which covers the assistive nature of this SNOMED concept. However, ICHI is broader because it does not specify the equipment modality (commode chair) used to deliver that support." }] }, { "code" : "1230237006", "display" : "Assisting with collection of blood specimen for laboratory", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA represents the act of collecting a blood specimen, which aligns with the core clinical content of this SNOMED concept. ICHI is broader because it does not encode the assistive/supporting-role framing of the SNOMED term (i.e., that one person is assisting another with the collection rather than performing it independently)." }] }, { "code" : "225963009", "display" : "Assisting with mouthcare", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMC.RB.ZZ is the best available match as it represents practical support with caring for body parts, which encompasses oral/mouth care as one instance. ICHI is broader because it covers all body parts, not just the mouth, and does not specifically designate oral or dental hygiene assistance." }] }, { "code" : "704444008", "display" : "Assisting with personal grooming", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Caring for body parts\" in ICHI (SMC) covers washing, grooming, and general body care, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies grooming specifically. No dedicated \"grooming\" code exists in ICHI; SMC.RB.ZZ is the closest practical support code within the self-care axis." }] }, { "code" : "445326001", "display" : "Assisting with undressing", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with dressing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's SME target covers the dressing activity as a whole (including dressing and undressing), so SME.RB.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept which isolates only the undressing component. It is nonetheless the best available ICHI code for practical assistance with this self-care activity." }] }, { "code" : "370875004", "display" : "Assistive device education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about assistive products and daily living technology, which aligns well with assistive device education; however, it is broader as it encompasses all personal daily-living products and technology, not just assistive devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "370874000", "display" : "Assistive device provision assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.AA.ZZ represents assessment in the context of products and technology for daily living — the closest ICHI equivalent to evaluating a patient's need for an assistive device — but is broader as it covers all personal-use products and technology rather than assistive devices alone." }] }, { "code" : "716542004", "display" : "Asthma action care planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No asthma-specific or condition-specific care planning code exists in ICHI; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) under the \"whole person\" block is the best structural match for the activity of creating a personalised asthma action plan, but it is much broader, covering any individualised health planning regardless of condition." }] }, { "code" : "401135008", "display" : "Asthma education", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Asthma education is a specific disease-education intervention for an airway condition, while JT2.PM.ZZ covers education about respiratory system functions broadly; the ICHI code captures the intervention type and body system correctly but is not limited to asthma. No disease-specific asthma education code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "306988000", "display" : "Attach dental implant superstructure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DN.AC", "display" : "Prosthetic dental implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.DN.AC covers prosthetic dental implant as a whole (typically including placement of the implant fixture), whereas \"Attach dental implant superstructure\" refers specifically to the abutment/crown placement step on an already-integrated implant — a more limited procedure; no ICHI code exists for just the superstructure attachment step, making this the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "426733001", "display" : "Attachment of bone anchored hearing prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bone-anchored hearing prosthesis is surgically fixed into the temporal skull bone, making implantation of device into skull (MAA.DN.AA) the closest procedural match. ICHI does list \"Bone anchored hearing system\" as an extension/device qualifier code with no standalone TTT.AA.MM procedure code, so MAA.DN.AA is broader, lacking specificity to the hearing function context." }] }, { "code" : "16877002", "display" : "Attachment of pedicle graft to lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pedicle graft to the lip is a reconstructive technique, and KAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip) is the only lip-level reconstructive code available in ICHI; it is broader because it does not specify the use of a pedicle (rotational flap) graft as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "235449004", "display" : "Attention to colonic tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to colonic tube\" refers to ongoing care and maintenance of a tube placed in or through the colon (typically a colostomy or flatus tube), which maps most closely to management of a stoma. PTD.SN.AC is wider because it covers any type of stoma management, not limited to colonic tubes specifically, and ICHI has no dedicated \"colonic tube management\" code." }] }, { "code" : "302435001", "display" : "Attention to dressing of burnt skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's LZZ.DK.AH covers application of dressing to skin in general and is the closest available code for wound dressing care; it does not specify the burn aetiology or the body region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to burnt skin." }] }, { "code" : "738067008", "display" : "Attention to dressing of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no dedicated ICHI code for dressing the skin of the head; the LAA block (interventions on skin of head or neck) has no DK action code, so LZZ.DK.AH (dressing of skin, NEC) is the best available match, but it is broader as it covers any body region." }] }, { "code" : "745798003", "display" : "Attention to dressing of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with dressing of skin of head, ICHI lacks a neck-specific dressing code; LZZ.DK.AH is the only applicable dressing-of-skin category but it does not restrict to the neck region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "235451000", "display" : "Attention to enteral tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to enteral tube\" encompasses care of any tube used for enteral feeding or drainage (nasogastric, nasoduodenal, PEG, jejunostomy, etc.), whereas PTB.SN.AC specifically covers enterostomy management; however, it is the best available ICHI code for ongoing tube care involving the gut, and is wider because it is limited to enterostomy stomas and does not cover non-stoma enteral tubes such as nasogastric tubes." }] }, { "code" : "1156692008", "display" : "Attention to feeding tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to feeding tube\" refers to care/monitoring of a feeding tube, which is most commonly a nasogastric, gastric, or enterostomy tube; ICHI does not have a generic \"feeding tube\" management code, so PTB.SN.AC (Management of enterostomy) is the closest structural match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all enterostomy management rather than specifically a feeding tube." }] }, { "code" : "235445005", "display" : "Attention to naso-esophageal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Attention to naso-esophageal tube\" involves post-placement care of a tube residing in the oesophagus, which aligns well with management of an internal oesophageal device. ICHI does not distinguish nasal route of insertion, and \"management\" is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's specific tube-care activities." }] }, { "code" : "265557005", "display" : "Attention to nephrostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.SN.AD", "display" : "Management of internal device of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.SN.AD covers management of any internal device of the kidney, which closely aligns with post-placement care of a nephrostomy tube; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it encompasses all renal internal devices rather than the nephrostomy tube specifically." }] }, { "code" : "67533008", "display" : "Auditory rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-CTB", "display" : "Interventions on hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code specifically for auditory rehabilitation as a composite intervention; the block BlockL5-CTB groups all hearing function interventions (assessment, audiometry, testing, education, advising) and is the best structural home, though it is broader than the specific rehabilitative intent of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "13846009", "display" : "Augmentation of buttock", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated buttock augmentation code; LAB.LK.AA covers augmentation of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which anatomically includes the gluteal/buttock region, but is broader than buttock-specific augmentation (e.g., implants or fat grafting to the buttock). This is the closest available assignable category within the integumentary system." }] }, { "code" : "37931006", "display" : "Auscultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for auscultation as a technique; \"Auscultation\" in SNOMED is a general clinical examination method applied to unspecified body sites, and the closest ICHI representation is PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC), which is broader in that it covers all physical examination modalities and not just auscultation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1366492000", "display" : "Auto-continuous positive airway pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for CPAP or auto-CPAP; the closest assignable category is JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation), which covers the broader class of non-invasive ventilatory support. Bilevel positive airway pressure appears only as an extension/means modifier in ICHI, not as a standalone assignable code, and CPAP is not listed at all, making JTB.DE.AC the best — though broader — fit." }] }, { "code" : "116371009", "display" : "Autograft of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific bone graft codes (e.g. femur, tibia, spine) but no code that specifies autograft versus allograft at an unspecified site; MRB.ML.AA (bone graft, unspecified site) is the best fit when the exact skeletal site is unknown, though it is broader in that it does not specify the autologous nature of the graft." }] }, { "code" : "438770005", "display" : "Autologous chondrocyte implantation of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMC.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMC.KD.AA covers transplantation of chondrocyte cells at the knee joint, which matches the anatomical site and cell type precisely, but does not specify the autologous origin of the cells. Since ICHI does not encode autologous vs. allogeneic at the base code level, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "15410007", "display" : "Autologous graft of rib cartilage to chin", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The chin (mentum) is the anterior prominence of the mandible, and reconstruction of the mandible is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI does not specify the graft material (costal/rib cartilage), the autologous nature, or that the target is specifically the chin rather than the mandible as a whole, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "9844000", "display" : "Autologous graft of rib cartilage to ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the auricle (external ear), which is the typical target in rib cartilage ear grafting (e.g., for microtia repair); however, ICHI does not specify the autologous rib cartilage graft material, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34017004", "display" : "Autologous graft of rib cartilage to nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nose in general, which aligns well with the procedure goal (nasal augmentation or reconstruction using autologous rib cartilage, e.g., rhinoplasty); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the graft material or its autologous origin." }] }, { "code" : "121101003", "display" : "Automated cell count method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2XJ6", "display" : "Complete blood count automated", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG2XJ6 specifically represents an automated CBC (a blood cell count method), making it the closest ICHI match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it denotes a complete blood count panel rather than a generic \"automated cell count method\" that could apply to any cell type or specimen." }] }, { "code" : "428648006", "display" : "Automated peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE is the only ICHI code for peritoneal dialysis and does not distinguish between manual and automated (cycler-driven) delivery modes, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the automated modality." }] }, { "code" : "9427006", "display" : "Autopsy review", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for reviewing or interpreting autopsy findings as a standalone activity distinct from performing the autopsy; PZA.AE.AA (Autopsy) is the closest available code but is broader, as it encompasses the full post-mortem examination rather than the review/interpretation step alone." }] }, { "code" : "60864000", "display" : "Autopsy review for conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing the specific activity of presenting or reviewing autopsy findings in a conference setting; PZA.AE.AA is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering the autopsy procedure itself rather than the conference-context review activity." }] }, { "code" : "62511003", "display" : "Autotransplant of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.KD.AA", "display" : "Lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.KD.AA covers lung transplantation in general without distinguishing donor source, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autotransplantation (reimplantation of the patient's own lung tissue). No ICHI code specific to autologous lung transplantation exists." }] }, { "code" : "180000003", "display" : "Autotransplantation of adrenal medulla to caudate nucleus of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplant of adrenal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBC.KD.AA is the closest available code, covering transplantation of adrenal tissue generally, but it does not capture the highly specific detail of the source being the adrenal medulla, the autologous nature of the graft, or the target site being the caudate nucleus of the brain. ICHI has no code at that level of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "405768001", "display" : "Autotransplantation of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.KD.AA covers heart transplantation generally without distinguishing autotransplantation from allotransplantation; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes reimplantation of the patient's own heart (as performed in some tumour or trauma cases). No ICHI code specific to autologous heart transplantation exists." }] }, { "code" : "175899003", "display" : "Autotransplantation of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.KD.AA", "display" : "Kidney transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.KD.AA covers kidney transplantation in general without specifying donor source, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which denotes reimplantation of the patient's own kidney (e.g., for vascular repair or ureteric problems). No ICHI code specific to autologous kidney transplantation exists." }] }, { "code" : "173279000", "display" : "Autotransplantation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.KD.AC", "display" : "Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.KD.AC covers transplantation of a tooth or tooth bud generally and also includes tooth bud transplantation, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies autologous tooth transplantation (moving one of the patient's own teeth to another socket)." }] }, { "code" : "176766002", "display" : "Avulsion of lesion of cervix uteri", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Avulsion (tearing away) of a cervical lesion is a form of local excision, and NMF.JI.AC is the closest ICHI code covering local removal of a lesion of the cervix uteri via the transvaginal approach. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it encompasses any technique of local excision, not specifically avulsion." }] }, { "code" : "23823008", "display" : "Avulsion of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"avulsion of nerve\" code; avulsion is a mode of complete removal and maps best to excision of peripheral nerve. The ICHI code is wider because it specifies peripheral nerve specifically and does not encode the avulsion technique, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any nerve without specifying peripheral." }] }, { "code" : "8750008", "display" : "Avulsion of pudendal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve, so avulsion of it maps to excision of peripheral nerve, which is the most specific available ICHI code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the pudendal nerve and does not capture the avulsion technique; there is no specific ICHI code for the pudendal nerve target." }] }, { "code" : "26742007", "display" : "Avulsion of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Avulsion of subcutaneous tissue represents a forcible partial removal of soft tissue without a site-specific ICHI equivalent; LZZ.JJ.AA is the closest match as it covers non-site-specific partial removal of subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any technique of partial excision and is not specific to avulsion." }] }, { "code" : "56870004", "display" : "Avulsion of supraorbital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve, which is a cranial nerve, so the target maps to the cranial nerve category. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to avulsion or to the supraorbital branch — AAN.JJ.AA is the closest structural match but is broader in target and uses a different action term." }] }, { "code" : "304341005", "display" : "Awake intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedure (insertion of an endotracheal tube), but ICHI does not encode the \"awake\" modifier (i.e., without general anaesthesia), which is the clinically distinguishing feature of this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "301796003", "display" : "Axillary lymph node procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFC", "display" : "Interventions on lymph node of axilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure on axillary lymph nodes without specifying which type; the ICHI block \"Interventions on lymph node of axilla\" is the appropriate non-specific equivalent, as no single assignable category code covers the full breadth of this grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "406812008", "display" : "Azure B stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for specific histological staining techniques such as Azure B. XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available code, representing the broader laboratory discipline in which Azure B staining is employed as a metachromatic technique; it is substantially wider than the specific stain method." }] }, { "code" : "406813003", "display" : "Azure C stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with Azure B, ICHI does not encode individual staining methods; Azure C is a metachromatic dye used in histopathological examination, so XG30Q5 is the best available grouping code, though far broader than the specific stain method." }] }, { "code" : "229138000", "display" : "Back exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no back-specific exercise code; the closest match is exercise for muscle functions (NEC) under the musculoskeletal chapter, which covers the functional intent of back exercises but is broader in scope, applying to any muscle group rather than specifically the back/spinal muscles." }] }, { "code" : "76208001", "display" : "Bacterial strain typing", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Strain typing is a more granular procedure than genus/species identification — it characterises isolates below the species level (e.g., by PFGE, MLST, or phage typing), whereas XG6201 covers only species-level identification. XG6201 is the closest ICHI code in the Essential laboratory tests section but is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "121102005", "display" : "Bacterial subtyping", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bacterial subtyping refers to characterising isolates at the intra-species level (e.g., serotyping, genotyping), which is more specific than genus/species identification captured by XG6201; ICHI has no dedicated subtyping code, making XG6201 the nearest available code but broader than the concept." }] }, { "code" : "108265003", "display" : "Bacterial typing procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Bacterial typing procedure\" is a superordinate concept encompassing genus/species identification, strain typing, and subtyping; XG6201 covers one subset of typing (genus/species level) and is the best available ICHI match, though broader than the full scope of the SNOMED category." }] }, { "code" : "235213002", "display" : "Balloon tamponade of esophagus using Minnesota tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for balloon tamponade or the Minnesota tube technique; KBA.DL.AC captures the procedural action — inserting a device into the oesophagus — but is broader, as it does not encode the balloon inflation, tamponade purpose, or the specific tube type used." }] }, { "code" : "233491000", "display" : "Banding of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for banding (partial occlusion/constriction) of an AV fistula specifically; the closest available code covers management of an arteriovenous shunt percutaneously, which is broader in scope than the specific banding (surgical narrowing) of a fistula performed to reduce high-flow steal or cardiac overload." }] }, { "code" : "300040009", "display" : "Banding of redundant anal mucosa", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.LA.AC", "display" : "Ligation of anal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rubber band ligation (banding) of redundant anal mucosa (a technique used for haemorrhoids and mucosal prolapse) is a form of ligation of anal tissue via the anus; the ICHI code covers all ligation of anal tissue endoscopically/transanally, making it broader than the specific banding technique applied to redundant mucosa." }] }, { "code" : "446740007", "display" : "Banding of varix of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of gastric varices", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic band ligation of gastric varices is a specific technique for achieving occlusion of gastric varices; KBF.LA.AA covers occlusion of gastric varices by any method (banding, sclerotherapy, cyanoacrylate glue, etc.), making it wider than the banding-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63671006", "display" : "Bankart capsulorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bankart procedure is a specific arthroscopic repair of the anteroinferior glenohumeral joint capsule and labrum to correct recurrent shoulder dislocation, whereas MDJ.MK.AB covers any arthroscopic repair of the shoulder joint. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all shoulder joint repairs regardless of the specific structure (capsule/labrum) or indication." }] }, { "code" : "225428008", "display" : "Bathing procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMB.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of washing oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMB.RA.ZZ represents a clinician or carer performing the washing/bathing activity (an activities and participation domain intervention in self-care), which is the closest match to the nursing concept of bathing procedures. The ICHI code is broader as it covers washing oneself generally and does not distinguish between different bathing methods or contexts captured under the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "165309004", "display" : "Behavior assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's VFZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of health-related behaviours in a residual \"other specified\" category, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses any health-related behaviour rather than a general, clinically-oriented behaviour assessment. No more specific ICHI code exists for a generic behaviour assessment not tied to a particular behaviour domain (substance use, violence, lifestyle, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "396068002", "display" : "Behavior care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like its sibling SNOMED concept 165309004, this maps to VFZ.AA.ZZ as the closest available ICHI category for a general behavioural care assessment; the ICHI code is broader because it resides in the public-health/health-behaviour chapter rather than capturing a clinically-focused nursing or care assessment of patient behaviour." }] }, { "code" : "225385005", "display" : "Behavioral assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL2-VA1", "display" : "Interventions on health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single generic \"behavioural assessment\" code spanning all behaviour domains. The closest structural home is the block covering all health-related behaviour interventions; specific assessment codes exist only per behaviour subtype (e.g., oral hygiene, substance use), making any single category code narrower than the broad SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269443006", "display" : "Belantamab mafodotin therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Belantamab mafodotin is an antibody-drug conjugate given intravenously for multiple myeloma; ICHI lacks a specific oncology pharmacotherapy intravenous code, so the whole-body pharmacotherapy administration code (PZA.DB.AZ) is the best available match, though it is considerably broader than the drug-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "726601008", "display" : "Belimumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody (anti-BLyS) administered intravenously to modulate immunological function in systemic lupus erythematosus; DTB.DB.AF targets the immunological system function with intravenous administration of an immunological agent, which aligns well in mechanism and route, though it does not specify the drug or the indication." }] }, { "code" : "275232002", "display" : "Benchekroun construction of continent urinary reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Benchekroun procedure is a specific surgical technique for constructing a continent cutaneous urinary reservoir (a type of continent urinary diversion), but ICHI only has the generic \"Urinary diversion\" code without distinguishing continent from incontinent or named techniques. The ICHI code therefore covers a broader set of procedures than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "406814009", "display" : "Benzo fast scarlet stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Benzo fast scarlet is a specific histochemical staining technique applied in histopathological tissue examination; ICHI only provides the broad extension code \"Histopathology\" with no granularity for individual staining methods, making it substantially wider than this specific SNOMED staining procedure." }] }, { "code" : "770571009", "display" : "Benzodiazepine therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Benzodiazepine therapy is the therapeutic use of a specific drug class, whereas ICHI's closest code covers administration of any pharmacotherapy by any unspecified route, making it substantially broader in both drug class and route dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "171007003", "display" : "Bereavement counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bereavement counseling is a specific form of counselling targeting grief-related emotional distress, while AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions broadly. ICHI has no dedicated bereavement or grief code, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "395076009", "display" : "Bereavement support", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bereavement support is a specific supportive intervention for those experiencing grief/loss, whereas AUD.RC.ZZ encompasses emotional support for any emotional function. No bereavement-specific code exists in ICHI; AUD.RC.ZZ best reflects the supportive (rather than therapeutic/counselling) nature of this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "385732005", "display" : "Bereavement support assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bereavement support assessment is the evaluation of a patient's grief-related needs, which maps to ICHI's assessment of emotional functions (AUD.AA.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader as it covers assessment of emotional functions in any context, not just bereavement." }] }, { "code" : "439630003", "display" : "Beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to beta-blocker therapy or any drug class-level pharmacotherapy. PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy at any unspecified site, which is the closest ICHI concept — though it is substantially broader, covering prescription of any pharmacotherapy rather than beta-adrenergic blockade specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1343420003", "display" : "Beta radiation brachytherapy using surface mold applicator", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue by radiotherapy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Beta radiation brachytherapy via a surface mold applicator is a form of radiotherapy applied to skin/superficial tissue; LZZ.GA.BA is the closest available ICHI code covering radiotherapy destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is broader, as it does not specify the brachytherapy technique, radiation type (beta), or surface mold delivery method." }] }, { "code" : "1231600004", "display" : "Biceps squeeze test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The biceps squeeze test is a specific orthopaedic provocation test of the biceps tendon/distal biceps integrity; PZX.AE.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering physical examination of a body site not classified elsewhere. The ICHI code is broader, capturing the examination action without the specific squeeze-test technique or biceps anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "1231551002", "display" : "Bicipital aponeurosis flex test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bicipital aponeurosis flex test is a specific clinical provocation test of the elbow/biceps region, but ICHI has no dedicated code for named orthopedic special tests. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the broadest applicable residual code and encompasses this type of clinical examination, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1907003", "display" : "Bifurcation of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bifurcation of bone is a specific surgical act of splitting a bone into two branches/parts, which is a form of bone division; MRB.FB.AA covers division of bone at an unspecified site and is therefore broader, as it does not specify the bifurcation technique or imply splitting into two distinct segments." }] }, { "code" : "1351777002", "display" : "Bilateral ab externo canaloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Canaloplasty (ab externo approach) is a non-penetrating glaucoma surgery that dilates Schlemm's canal to restore aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the functional intent of facilitating aqueous circulation in the anterior chamber, but is broader as it does not encode the specific technique, canal target, or bilateral laterality (which would require an extension code)." }] }, { "code" : "1351646006", "display" : "Bilateral ab interno canaloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab interno canaloplasty uses a different (internal) approach to dilate Schlemm's canal compared to ab externo, but both share the same functional goal of improving aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA is the same best-fit ICHI code for both, as ICHI does not distinguish between ab externo and ab interno approaches, and the bilateral laterality would require an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1304262002", "display" : "Bilateral prosthetic intraocular lens implants", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens (i.e., an intraocular lens implant), which is semantically equivalent to the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode bilaterality — the \"bilateral\" aspect would require extension codes (&XCA3/&XCA4) rather than being inherent in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "235544007", "display" : "Bile duct calculus procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category for any bile duct calculus procedure (including lithotripsy, extraction by various approaches), while KCM.JE.AA specifically represents open extraction of calculus from the bile duct. The ICHI block BlockL6-KCM \"Extraction interventions on bile duct\" would be even broader and closer to the SNOMED grouper, but KCM.JE.AA is the best assignable code; mapped as wider because the SNOMED term is a procedural category encompassing multiple approaches beyond just open extraction." }] }, { "code" : "235554006", "display" : "Bile duct prosthesis procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of a biliary tract device (which includes stents/prostheses), representing the most common and core procedure within the SNOMED grouper concept \"bile duct prosthesis procedure.\" The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any biliary device insertion, but it does not cover prosthesis removal or replacement; KCM.KA.AD (replacement of device in biliary duct) also exists, confirming that the SNOMED grouper spans multiple ICHI codes." }] }, { "code" : "1186618000", "display" : "Bilevel artificial ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for artificial ventilation and covers all forms of mechanical/assisted ventilation; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically designates bilevel (BiPAP-type) ventilation with distinct inspiratory and expiratory pressure support, a modality distinction that ICHI does not encode at this level." }] }, { "code" : "447243000", "display" : "Bilevel positive airway pressure titration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BiPAP titration is the process of adjusting and optimising BiPAP pressure settings, which falls under artificial ventilation in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of artificial ventilation and does not capture the titration/calibration-specific nature of the SNOMED concept. \"Bilevel positive airway pressure\" exists in ICHI only as an extension means descriptor (no standalone assignable code), so the base intervention JTB.DE.AC is the best available assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "113145005", "display" : "Biofeedback training in conduction disorder, arrhythmia", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a biofeedback-specific code; the closest match is training of cardiovascular system functions, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on using biofeedback for cardiac conduction disorder/arrhythmia management and does not encode the biofeedback modality or ECG instrument." }] }, { "code" : "9487008", "display" : "Biofeedback, gastric secretion pH", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastric secretion pH biofeedback is a training intervention targeting a specific digestive function; ICHI's KT2.PH.ZZ captures the training of digestive system functions broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept focused on gastric acid pH." }] }, { "code" : "63630000", "display" : "Biofeedback, intestinal borborygmi", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intestinal borborygmi biofeedback targets awareness and regulation of bowel peristaltic sounds, which is a digestive system function; KT2.PH.ZZ covers training of digestive functions broadly but does not specify borborygmi or intestinal motility, so it is wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72596008", "display" : "Biofeedback, pulse wave velocity", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pulse wave velocity biofeedback is a training procedure targeting arterial stiffness/blood vessel mechanics (a cardiovascular function); no dedicated vessel-function training code exists in ICHI, so the broader cardiovascular functions training code HT2.PH.ZZ is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "89833002", "display" : "Biofeedback, respiratory air volume", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no biofeedback-specific code; the closest match is training of respiration function, which captures the therapeutic goal of respiratory biofeedback (teaching voluntary control of breathing) but does not encode the biofeedback modality or the specific metric of air volume." }] }, { "code" : "17120007", "display" : "Biofeedback, strain gauge", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Strain gauge biofeedback measures mechanical deformation (typically muscle tension, limb movement, or penile/vaginal pressure) and feeds that signal back to the patient to train voluntary muscle control; ICHI has no biofeedback code but Training of muscle functions is the nearest functional equivalent, though it is broader and does not encode the strain gauge instrument or the specific biofeedback technique." }] }, { "code" : "58169006", "display" : "Biofeedback, thermal", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVE.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thermal biofeedback uses skin temperature signals to train autonomic/vascular responses (e.g., hand-warming for migraine or Raynaud's); ICHI has no biofeedback code, and Training of sensory functions related to temperature is the closest functional match, though it is broader and does not capture the biofeedback mechanism or autonomic retraining goal specifically." }] }, { "code" : "85770007", "display" : "Biofeedback, three channel rectal balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Three-channel rectal balloon biofeedback is a therapeutic technique using anorectal pressure sensors to train pelvic floor and sphincter muscle control (e.g., for fecal incontinence or dyssynergia); MU2.PH.ZZ best reflects the therapeutic training goal of this intervention, albeit broadly." }] }, { "code" : "274315006", "display" : "Biopsy by superficial smear", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XH", "display" : "Specimen collection of tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A superficial smear biopsy involves collecting surface cells/tissue by scraping or smearing from a lesion (e.g., Tzanck smear, skin scraping); PZX.AH.XH covers non-site-specific tissue specimen collection and is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not encode the superficial/smear technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "9599004", "display" : "Biopsy of cervix with fulguration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AD.AC", "display" : "Cervical biopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.AD.AC covers cervical biopsy in general but does not encode the concurrent fulguration (electrocoagulation/destruction) component that is part of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader, capturing only the biopsy aspect without the combined destructive procedure." }] }, { "code" : "430203005", "display" : "Biopsy of eye region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of eyeball, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"eye region\" is anatomically broad (eyeball, eyelid, orbit, lacrimal apparatus, surrounding structures), whereas ICHI has separate specific biopsy codes for each sub-structure. BZA.AD.AA is the closest residual/NEC code for the eyeball but does not cover the full anatomical breadth of \"eye region.\"" }] }, { "code" : "119290003", "display" : "Biopsy of gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.AD.AA", "display" : "Intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any GI tract biopsy (oesophagus through rectum), while ICHI has many specific per-segment codes. KZZ.AD.AA is the closest NEC residual under the digestive system block but only covers intestinal targets, not the full GI tract including oesophagus and stomach." }] }, { "code" : "450606001", "display" : "Biopsy of lesion of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the spinal cord generally, but the SNOMED concept is specifically a biopsy of a lesion of the spinal cord, which is a narrower intent (targeting a pathological lesion rather than normal tissue). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429893007", "display" : "Biopsy of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated biopsy code for ligament; ligament-specific blocks contain no biopsy action codes. Ligament is a connective soft tissue, so MRS.AD.AA is the closest available code, but it is broader as it encompasses all soft tissues at any site." }] }, { "code" : "709583005", "display" : "Biopsy of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for biopsy of a limb as a whole; the closest general code is biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader because it does not specify the limb as the target and could apply to any site or tissue type within the limb." }] }, { "code" : "237388000", "display" : "Biopsy of mastectomy scar", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for biopsy of a mastectomy scar; the scar is a skin/subcutaneous tissue structure, and the NEC integumentary biopsy code is the closest available category. The ICHI code is broader and implies a percutaneous approach rather than the unspecified approach of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171612001", "display" : "Biopsy of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Biopsy of nerve\" is unspecified as to nerve type; AZZ.AD.AA is the NEC residual for nerve biopsy, which is broader than any specific nerve biopsy code and best matches the unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445908006", "display" : "Biopsy of skin of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies all biopsies of fetal tissue under the single code NMR.AD.AD without distinguishing the specific fetal tissue biopsied; the SNOMED concept specifies skin as the target tissue. NMR.AD.AD is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "75016008", "display" : "Biopsy of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's MRS.AD.AA is a near-exact match in concept (biopsy of soft tissue), but its title explicitly appends \"of unspecified site,\" making it slightly broader in scope than a general SNOMED \"biopsy of soft tissue\" which implies no site restriction." }] }, { "code" : "362995002", "display" : "Biopsy of urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single roll-up \"biopsy of urinary tract\" code; the closest is the block BlockL4-NAA (Interventions on urinary system), which encompasses all urinary tract structures, each with their own individual biopsy codes." }] }, { "code" : "426961001", "display" : "Biphasic cardioversion procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia) covers all modalities of cardioversion/defibrillation applied to the conducting system of the heart, while the SNOMED concept specifies the biphasic waveform technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "444085003", "display" : "Biplane angiography of abdominal aorta with placement of catheter and angiography of arteries of bilateral extremities", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.BA.BB", "display" : "Angiography of the abdominal aorta with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.BA.BB covers angiography of the abdominal aorta but does not capture the biplane technique, the catheter placement step, or the extension to bilateral extremity arteries. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific multi-vessel, biplane catheter study." }] }, { "code" : "235291004", "display" : "Bishop-Koop anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bishop-Koop anastomosis is a specific end-to-side small intestine anastomosis with a distal ileostomy chimney used in neonatal meconium ileus; KBK.LB.AA covers any anastomosis of the small intestine without specifying the technique, making it broader than this named variant." }] }, { "code" : "723950005", "display" : "Bisphosphonate therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bisphosphonate therapy is a specific class of pharmacological treatment (typically for osteoporosis or bone metastases), while PZX.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing any pharmacotherapy without specifying the drug class, route, or target organ. No ICHI code exists for bisphosphonates or bone-remodelling drug therapy specifically, making this the closest available code but broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385965009", "display" : "Bladder instillation education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bladder instillation education is patient education specifically about the procedure of instilling medication into the bladder (intravesical therapy), while NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly. No ICHI code exists for education specifically about bladder instillation or intravesical drug administration, so this is the closest match but remains broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "22737002", "display" : "Blepharectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Blepharectomy is the surgical excision of an eyelid (or part thereof), which maps to \"Partial excision of eyelid\" (BAA.JJ.AA) in ICHI. The ICHI code specifies a partial excision, whereas blepharectomy can refer to total or partial removal, making the ICHI code slightly narrower in one sense, but no total excision of eyelid code exists in ICHI — BAA.JJ.AA is the closest available code and covers the predominant clinical use of the term." }] }, { "code" : "396543007", "display" : "Blood draw via femoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood generally, without specifying the access site; ICHI has no procedure code for femoral-vein-specific venipuncture, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the femoral vein route. The XA3QX9 \"Femoral vein\" code is an extension qualifier rather than a standalone procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "42736004", "display" : "Blood unit collection for autotransfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Collection of blood or blood products\" covers the collection act broadly, but does not distinguish autologous collection intended for autotransfusion from other donation types, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1788001", "display" : "Blood unit collection for directed donation, donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate directed (designated-donor) blood collection from general blood/blood-product collection, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept which specifies both the purpose (directed donation) and the perspective (donor)." }] }, { "code" : "61656001", "display" : "Body function training", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-_LD", "display" : "Interventions on mental functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"body function training\" code spanning all body functions; the classification instead organises training interventions at the individual function level. The nearest usable block is the broad \"Interventions on mental functions\" grouping, but even that only covers one domain — making any single ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept, which explicitly spans all body function domains." }] }, { "code" : "252245009", "display" : "Bombesin stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bombesin is a neuropeptide used as a secretagogue to stimulate gastrointestinal secretions (gastrin, pancreatic enzymes); ICHI has no specific code for this test. KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available code — a residual \"NEC\" test of digestive system functions — which is broader than the specific bombesin stimulation procedure." }] }, { "code" : "410323000", "display" : "Bonding case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ \"Case coordination\" is the only ICHI code addressing case management as a health intervention; it sits under \"Interventions on whole person.\" It captures the coordination/management dimension but does not encode the parent-infant bonding focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118475007", "display" : "Bone block procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bone block procedure is a specific surgical technique using a structural bone segment to mechanically block joint motion, but ICHI only has a generic \"bone graft of unspecified site\" at this level of abstraction, which encompasses bone block procedures but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "288056002", "display" : "Bone fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Bone fusion\" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing surgical fusion of bony structures (joints, spinal segments, growth plates), and ICHI represents this through the LE (fusion) action; the unspecified-site arthrodesis code is the best generic match, though it is framed in terms of joint fusion (arthrodesis) rather than bone fusion per se." }] }, { "code" : "33946003", "display" : "Bone graft of scaphoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scaphoid is a carpal bone classified within the hand in ICHI's musculoskeletal hierarchy (BlockL5-MGB), so MGB.ML.AA is the correct anatomical home; however, the ICHI code covers all bones of the hand and fingers, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the scaphoid specifically." }] }, { "code" : "88247001", "display" : "Bone graft to maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"bone graft to maxilla\" code; MAF.ML.AA uses the ML (reconstruction/graft) action axis and is the closest available code, but reconstruction of maxilla encompasses techniques beyond bone grafting (e.g., flap reconstruction), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "22401006", "display" : "Bone graft to nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"bone graft to nose\" code; JAA.ML.AA is the closest match covering nasal reconstruction, but it is broader as it encompasses all reconstruction techniques (cartilage graft, flap, tissue expansion) and targets the nose as a composite structure rather than just its bony component." }] }, { "code" : "288052000", "display" : "Bone graft with bone chips", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the bone graft procedure at an unspecified site, but does not encode the specific material used (bone chips as the graft medium); site-specific bone graft codes exist (e.g., femur, spine) but none specify the chip/particulate graft type, making this the closest available code at the price of losing the material detail." }] }, { "code" : "288053005", "display" : "Bone graft with metallic fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that combines bone grafting with concurrent metallic fixation hardware; the unspecified-site bone graft code captures the primary intervention (grafting) but omits the metallic fixation component entirely, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "288057006", "display" : "Bone lengthening", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers limb lengthening procedures at an unspecified site, which is the closest match; it is slightly wider because it refers specifically to limb lengthening (implying long bones of the extremities) whereas the SNOMED concept is a general bone lengthening that could apply to any bone, though in practice the concepts are clinically near-equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "119978006", "display" : "Bone marrow destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DGA", "display" : "Interventions on bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable code specifically for destruction or ablation of bone marrow (e.g., myeloablative conditioning); the closest grouping is the entire bone marrow interventions block. As a block code is used instead of an assignable category, the mapping is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118467001", "display" : "Bone shortening procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LL.AA covers limb shortening at an unspecified bone site, the closest general match. The ICHI code is wider in that it specifically refers to limb bones (excluding spinal/facial bone shortening); site-specific variants would be narrower than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1359935007", "display" : "Booking for home birth", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Birth planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUG.TB.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept encompassing the administrative and preparatory act of booking/planning a home birth. The ICHI code is wider because it covers birth planning generally and does not specify the home birth setting or the booking act." }] }, { "code" : "437081000124103", "display" : "Boron modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A boron modified diet is a specific food modification targeting boron content, while UAB.DA.ZZ covers all food modifications without specifying the nutrient or type. No more specific ICHI code for mineral/element-restricted diets exists." }] }, { "code" : "268389004", "display" : "Bowel assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, encompassing but not limited to the bowel; no ICHI code specifically for bowel (intestinal) assessment exists. The closest functional equivalent includes the entire digestive system rather than just the bowel." }] }, { "code" : "385702002", "display" : "Bowel care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of defaecation (bowel) functions, which aligns with bowel care assessment, but is broader — it encompasses the full functional domain of defaecation rather than the specific clinical nursing activity." }] }, { "code" : "185669002", "display" : "BP screening - first recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood pressure functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of blood pressure functions, which is the clinical activity performed at a BP screening recall visit; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the administrative concept of a \"first recall\" within a screening programme." }] }, { "code" : "185670001", "display" : "BP screening - second recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood pressure functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the first recall, ITA.AA.ZZ is the best ICHI match for the clinical activity (blood pressure assessment), but the code is broader because the sequential recall distinction is an administrative scheduling concept not represented in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "185671002", "display" : "BP screening - third recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITA.AB.AH captures the blood pressure measurement act but does not encode the screening context or the \"third recall\" administrative detail. ICHI has no dedicated screening recall procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "171509005", "display" : "Brain cerebrospinal fluid pathway operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering all CSF pathway operations (shunting, drainage, ventriculostomy), while AAE.LI.AA represents only ventricular shunting. AAE.LI.AA is the most representative assignable category within this domain." }] }, { "code" : "108112003", "display" : "Brain endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.AE.AB", "display" : "Ventriculoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Brain endoscopy is the broader concept encompassing any endoscopic inspection of intracranial structures, while AAE.AE.AB specifically denotes ventriculoscopy, the predominant form of neuroendoscopy. No generic \"brain endoscopy\" category exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "237433000", "display" : "Breast care procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LCA", "display" : "Interventions on breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Breast care procedure\" is a broad, non-specific grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent; the block \"Interventions on breast\" is the most appropriate match, though it is broader still, encompassing surgical, diagnostic, and rehabilitative breast interventions." }] }, { "code" : "395167000", "display" : "Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the DIEP flap technique; \"Reconstruction of breast\" is the best available match and covers the procedure at the level of target and action, but does not capture the specific free-flap means." }] }, { "code" : "409979009", "display" : "Breast self-examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AE.AH", "display" : "Manual examination of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.AE.AH covers manual examination of the breast performed clinically, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes self-examination by the patient. No ICHI code exists for patient-performed self-examination." }] }, { "code" : "225622001", "display" : "Breathalyser test", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for a breathalyser (breath ethanol) test; VAA.AC.ZZ is the closest match as it covers testing in the context of alcohol use behaviours, encompassing any test type, not just breath-based instruments." }] }, { "code" : "284039004", "display" : "Breathing system disconnection monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to monitoring anaesthetic/ventilator breathing circuit disconnection; JTB.AI.ZZ is the closest available code covering monitoring of respiration function generally." }] }, { "code" : "719413006", "display" : "Breathlessness care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"breathlessness care management\" concept; JT2.PP.ZZ covers counselling targeting respiratory system functions, the closest clinical match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all respiratory function counselling." }] }, { "code" : "771155005", "display" : "Brief intervention for smoking cessation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish \"brief intervention\" as a modality separate from counselling; VAB.PP.ZZ targets tobacco use behaviours with a counselling action. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all tobacco use counselling." }] }, { "code" : "401157001", "display" : "Brief solution focused psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode specific psychotherapy modalities (e.g., solution-focused, CBT); PZB.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy applied to the whole person and is the appropriate residual category when no targeted body function is specified." }] }, { "code" : "252176008", "display" : "Bromocriptine day curve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bromocriptine day curve is a specific dynamic endocrine test measuring GH/prolactin response over a day; ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly, making it wider than this specific pharmacological challenge test." }] }, { "code" : "252177004", "display" : "Bromocriptine suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bromocriptine suppression test is a specific dynamic endocrine provocation test (typically for GH suppression in acromegaly); ETK.AA.ZZ encompasses all assessment of endocrine gland functions, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "424840009", "display" : "Bronchial hygiene education", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Education about respiration function\" covers respiratory education broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about bronchial hygiene (airway clearance techniques). No dedicated bronchial hygiene education code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "397947007", "display" : "Bronchial suction via airway", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Suctioning of airways, NEC\" covers airway suctioning without specifying the exact route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies bronchial suctioning via the natural airway. No more specific ICHI code exists for this route." }] }, { "code" : "397964005", "display" : "Bronchial suction via tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for bronchial suctioning via tracheostomy specifically; the closest is this catch-all NEC code. The tracheostomy-specific block (PTC) does not contain a suctioning code." }] }, { "code" : "1237140001", "display" : "Bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Argon plasma coagulation is a form of endoscopic tissue destruction; ICHI classifies all modalities of endoscopic bronchial tissue destruction under this single code without distinguishing APC from other electrosurgical or thermal techniques." }] }, { "code" : "232594001", "display" : "Bronchoscopic aspiration of secretions", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic drainage of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bronchoscopic aspiration of secretions maps to endoscopic drainage of the bronchus in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any endoscopic drainage (not only secretion aspiration), but it is the most specific available code within the bronchus block." }] }, { "code" : "232603006", "display" : "Bronchoscopic closure of fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.MK.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic repair of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.MK.AD covers endoscopic repair of the bronchus, which encompasses closure of a bronchial fistula as a specific type of repair. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any endoscopic bronchus repair, not specifically fistula closure." }] }, { "code" : "448791000", "display" : "Bronchoscopic cryotherapy of neoplasm of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.GA.AB captures the endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of lung tissue, which is the correct target and approach axis. However, ICHI does not distinguish cryotherapy as a specific means nor restrict the target to neoplasm, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "698009006", "display" : "Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.LL.AA", "display" : "Lung volume reduction surgery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.LL.AA is the closest ICHI code for lung volume reduction, but it encompasses all surgical approaches (including open and thoracoscopic) whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes the bronchoscopic (endobronchial) approach. No bronchoscopic-specific lung volume reduction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "232592002", "display" : "Bronchoscopic sampling of secretions", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AH.XC", "display" : "Specimen collection of sputum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers specimen collection of sputum (secretions) at the bronchus level but does not specify the bronchoscopic approach, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names bronchoscopy as the method." }] }, { "code" : "7375006", "display" : "Bronchoscopy through tracheostomy with biopsy of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AD.AD covers endoscopic biopsy of the bronchus via any endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish bronchoscopy performed through a tracheostomy stoma from transoral/transnasal bronchoscopy. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tracheostomy access route." }] }, { "code" : "81070005", "display" : "Bronchoscopy through tracheostomy with biopsy of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.AD.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopic lung biopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.AD.AD precisely captures bronchoscopic lung biopsy but does not encode the tracheostomy access route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the through-tracheostomy approach." }] }, { "code" : "18049000", "display" : "Bronchoscopy with destruction of tumor by laser surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of bronchial lesions or tissue by any modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the destructive means; ICHI does not have a dedicated laser-destruction code for bronchus, making the ICHI code broader in terms of the technique used." }] }, { "code" : "74878007", "display" : "Bronchotracheal anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bronchotracheal anastomosis (joining a bronchus to the trachea); the closest available code is JBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bronchus), which covers surgical reconstruction of bronchial continuity but does not specify the tracheal anastomosis component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119741002", "display" : "Bronchus destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.GA.AA represents open destruction of bronchial lesion or tissue, which is the core concept of a bronchus destructive procedure; the SNOMED concept is a parent grouper that could encompass endoscopic and other destructive variants, with the ICHI code serving as the closest single representative." }] }, { "code" : "439336003", "display" : "Brush biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XH", "display" : "Specimen collection of tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated brush biopsy code; brush biopsy is a technique for collecting epithelial/tissue cells, and PZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue, NEC) is the closest available concept, but it is broader as it does not specify the brushing technique or a specific anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "303995001", "display" : "Buccal smear procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.AH.XF", "display" : "Specimen collection from oropharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A buccal smear is a specimen collection from the oral mucosa (cheek lining), and the closest ICHI code is specimen collection from oropharynx/mouth. ICHI does not have a specific buccal mucosa specimen collection code, so this broader oral/mouth specimen collection code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "2373006", "display" : "Buffy coat smear evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A buffy coat smear is a microscopic examination of the leukocyte-enriched layer of centrifuged blood, which is a specific type of peripheral blood film examination. ICHI's XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination broadly without distinguishing the buffy coat preparation, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "252767009", "display" : "Bulbocavernosus reflex studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of motor reflexes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bulbocavernosus reflex study is a neurophysiological test of the sacral reflex arc (S2–S4), which falls within the category of motor reflex testing. ICHI's MVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes) is the closest match, though it is broader as it covers all motor reflex testing and does not specify the bulbocavernosus/sacral reflex specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243068007", "display" : "Bullying counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about community violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bullying is a form of community/interpersonal violence behaviour, and counselling for bullying maps most closely to ICHI's counselling about community violence behaviours. ICHI does not have a code specific to bullying, so VBC.PP.ZZ is the best available match, though broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252639006", "display" : "Burge test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Burge test is a specific urodynamic provocative test for urinary stress incontinence, but ICHI has no dedicated code for it. NT2.AC.ZZ captures the functional urinary testing domain and is the closest assignable code, though it is broader than this specific named test." }] }, { "code" : "83876008", "display" : "Bursectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"excision of bursa\" code — bursa targets exist only as extension/anatomy codes, not as procedure targets. MRS.JI.AA (local excision of a soft-tissue lesion, unspecified site) is the closest assignable code for the surgical removal of a bursa, though it is broader in that it covers any soft-tissue lesion rather than bursa specifically." }] }, { "code" : "10855008", "display" : "Bypass graft with artificial transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies bypass procedures by the specific vessel targeted and does not encode the graft material (artificial/synthetic vs. autologous) as a distinguishing axis at the category level; IZE.LI.AA is the broadest vessel-bypass residual code and encompasses this procedure, but it is wider because it does not specify the artificial conduit material." }] }, { "code" : "450691003", "display" : "Bypass of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LI.AA is the correct structural parent; however it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than the inferior mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "178322007", "display" : "Bypass of obstruction of lymphatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.LI.AA directly represents bypass of a lymphatic vessel, which is the correct structural match; it is slightly wider because it covers any lymphatic vessel rather than specifying the thoracic/lymphatic duct, and does not encode the indication (obstruction)." }] }, { "code" : "450687008", "display" : "Bypass of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery, making IEA.LI.AA the appropriate code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it groups all abdominal or pelvic artery bypasses together without distinguishing the superior mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "252247001", "display" : "C-peptide stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C-peptide stimulation test evaluates endocrine pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretory capacity, which falls under assessment of endocrine gland functions. No ICHI code specific to C-peptide or pancreatic stimulation testing exists, so ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available parent category and is broader than this specific test." }] }, { "code" : "241338000", "display" : "C14 breath test of fat absorption", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C14 fat absorption breath test assesses intestinal fat assimilation using a radiolabelled substrate, which maps most closely to the ICHI concept of assessing assimilation functions. KTH.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all assimilation assessment rather than this specific isotope-labelled breath test technique." }] }, { "code" : "252668007", "display" : "C14 D-Xylose breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C14 D-Xylose breath test assesses carbohydrate absorption and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, both of which relate to assimilation functions. KTH.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is broader than this specific isotope breath test." }] }, { "code" : "252666006", "display" : "C14 glycocholate breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C14 glycocholate (bile acid) breath test is used to detect bile acid malabsorption or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is an assessment of assimilation/absorption functions. No more specific ICHI code exists for this procedure, making KTH.AA.ZZ the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "252669004", "display" : "C14 urea breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The C14 urea breath test detects Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach by measuring labelled CO2 in exhaled breath; it is a diagnostic test of upper gastrointestinal function and microbial status. KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions) is the best available match but is broader than this specific test." }] }, { "code" : "1254992009", "display" : "Caffeine free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a caffeine-free diet or caffeine restriction; \"Prescription of food\" is the closest available concept, covering the clinical act of prescribing a dietary modification, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the caffeine-free nature of the diet." }] }, { "code" : "1287686004", "display" : "Calcineurin inhibitor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to calcineurin inhibitor therapy or immunosuppressive drug classes; \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" captures the general act of prescribing a pharmacological treatment, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a named drug class used primarily for transplant rejection prevention and autoimmune conditions." }] }, { "code" : "252178009", "display" : "Calcitonin calcium infusion test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The calcitonin calcium infusion test is a provocative endocrine function test used to stimulate calcitonin secretion (e.g., for medullary thyroid cancer screening); ICHI has no specific code for this procedure, and \"Assessment of endocrine gland functions\" is the closest structural match, though it is far broader than this specific stimulation test." }] }, { "code" : "722047001", "display" : "Calcium channel blocker therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode specific drug class therapies such as calcium channel blockers; \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" is the broadest available match covering the act of prescribing a pharmacological agent, but does not capture the specific drug class or its indication." }] }, { "code" : "437091000124100", "display" : "Calcium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to a calcium-modified diet; \"Prescription of food\" is the closest available code representing the clinical act of prescribing a dietary regimen, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a diet modified for calcium content." }] }, { "code" : "104564005", "display" : "Calcium/phosphate parathyroid challenge test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific functional challenge/provocation test targeting parathyroid physiology (calcium/phosphate infusion with PTH measurement), while ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any endocrine gland function broadly. No parathyroid-specific functional assessment or challenge test code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "60660006", "display" : "Caldwell-Luc operation with removal of membrane lining", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAF.FA.AA", "display" : "Radical maxillary antrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Caldwell-Luc operation is a radical maxillary antrotomy (an open incision into the maxillary sinus via the canine fossa), which maps directly to JAF.FA.AA. However, the ICHI code does not specify the additional step of membrane/mucosa lining removal that is part of this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "27662000", "display" : "Calibration of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethral calibration in clinical practice refers to assessing and/or dilating the urethral lumen using bougies or dilators, which overlaps substantially with dilatation of the urethra. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it emphasises the therapeutic dilation component rather than the measurement/calibration aspect of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "352132381000119101", "display" : "Canakinumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Canakinumab is a specific anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody administered therapeutically; ICHI does not have codes for specific biologic agents or drug classes, so the best available match is the generic pharmacotherapy administration code PZA.DB.AZ. This is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the agent and its therapeutic use." }] }, { "code" : "720006006", "display" : "Cancer care review", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cancer-specific care review code; PZB.ZY.ZY is the closest fit as a structured whole-person health management contact, but it is broader — it covers any condition, not specifically oncology, and does not convey the review/assessment purpose precisely." }] }, { "code" : "243072006", "display" : "Cancer education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's education codes are tied to specific body functions or activities and none covers generic disease/condition education such as cancer education; PZB.ZY.ZY is the best available catch-all, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "413736002", "display" : "Cancer emotional and psychosocial support and education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest whole-person ICHI code covering the combined emotional, psychosocial support and educational intent of this concept; it does not capture the education component or the cancer-specific context, making it broader, but it is a better fit than the residual encounter code given the counselling/support focus." }] }, { "code" : "78007008", "display" : "Cannulation of ampulla of Vater", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cannulation of the ampulla of Vater is performed endoscopically (ERCP) to introduce a device or catheter into the biliary/pancreatic duct orifice, which aligns closely with endoscopic insertion of a biliary tract device; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any biliary device insertion and is not restricted to the ampulla of Vater specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1351965000", "display" : "Cannulation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula with buttonhole technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for buttonhole-technique cannulation of an AV dialysis fistula; Management of arteriovenous shunt (IZA.SN.AF) is the closest concept, encompassing maintenance and manipulation of AV access, but it is broader and does not capture the specific buttonhole needling technique." }] }, { "code" : "59077004", "display" : "Canthotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Canthotomy is a specific incision of the lateral canthal tendon/commissure to release orbital compartment pressure, but ICHI's eyelid block contains no dedicated canthotomy code; Incision of eyelid (BAA.FA.AA) is the closest anatomical match, though it is broader, covering any eyelid incision rather than canthotomy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "252464001", "display" : "Capillaroscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AE.ZZ", "display" : "Examination of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Capillaroscopy (nailfold microscopy to visualise capillary morphology) is a functional examination of peripheral blood vessels, and no dedicated ICHI code exists for it; Examination of blood vessel functions (ITB.AE.ZZ) is the closest match, though it is broader and unspecified as to technique." }] }, { "code" : "427595003", "display" : "Capsule endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.AD", "display" : "Panendoscopy of digestive tract, via camera capsule, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code specifically names the camera-capsule technique for imaging the digestive tract, which directly corresponds to capsule endoscopy; however, it is coded as panendoscopy (full GI tract) and carries an NEC qualifier, making it slightly broader than a SNOMED concept that may refer to a segment-specific capsule study." }] }, { "code" : "64061001", "display" : "Capsulectomy of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for excision of the joint capsule of the wrist; the closest anatomically specific match is partial excision of wrist joint (MFJ.JJ.AA), which covers excision of a wrist joint structure including the capsule but is broader in scope, encompassing any partial excision of the joint rather than the capsule alone." }] }, { "code" : "118444003", "display" : "Capsulectomy procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified capsulectomy with no anatomical specificity, and ICHI likewise has no generic excision-of-joint-capsule code; the best fit is partial excision of joint of unspecified site (MRJ.JJ.AA), which is broader as it encompasses any partial joint excision rather than capsule excision specifically." }] }, { "code" : "440693005", "display" : "Capsulodesis of metacarpophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated capsulodesis code; capsulodesis is a stabilisation/tightening procedure on the joint capsule typically classified under repair, and MGJ.MK.AA is the anatomically appropriate code covering the metacarpophalangeal joint region, though it is broader as it encompasses all types of finger/hand joint repair rather than capsular fixation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "16656003", "display" : "Capsulorrhaphy of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific capsulorrhaphy (suture/repair of joint capsule) code for the lower extremity as a whole, and individual lower extremity joint repair codes exist only for hip and knee — not as a combined lower extremity category; MRJ.MK.AA is the best available fit for this anatomically broad SNOMED concept, though it is wider as it is not restricted to the lower extremity." }] }, { "code" : "85785001", "display" : "Capsulotomy of lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.FA.AA sits within Interventions on lens and is titled simply \"Capsulotomy,\" which directly describes incision of the lens capsule. However, the ICHI code does not specify whether this is a posterior or anterior capsulotomy nor the technique (e.g., YAG laser vs. surgical), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "89157000", "display" : "Capsulotomy of midtarsal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The midtarsal (Chopart) joint is anatomically within the foot, and MOJ.FB.AA covers division of joint capsule of any joint of the foot or toe. ICHI does not specify individual tarsal joints, so the code is wider than the SNOMED concept which identifies the midtarsal region specifically." }] }, { "code" : "425315000", "display" : "Cardiac assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of heart functions broadly and is the closest specific-to-heart assessment code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because cardiac assessment in clinical practice typically encompasses structural and functional evaluation, whereas the ICHI code is explicitly scoped to functions of the heart rather than the full clinical cardiac assessment encounter." }] }, { "code" : "385714005", "display" : "Cardiac care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of heart functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardiac care assessment\" is a nursing assessment of a patient receiving cardiac care, which aligns most closely with HTB.AA.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to the nursing care context and covers any assessor or setting, while the SNOMED concept implies an assessment within an ongoing cardiac care episode." }] }, { "code" : "233142000", "display" : "Cardiac conduit operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HBB", "display" : "Interventions on right cardiac ventricle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardiac conduit operation\" is a category-level SNOMED concept encompassing multiple specific conduit procedures (RA-PA, RV-PA, LV-aorta). ICHI has specific codes for each individual conduit creation but no single code capturing all cardiac conduit operations together, so the block-level grouping is the best available fit; the ICHI block is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "55574009", "display" : "Cardiac function testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AE.ZZ", "display" : "Examination of heart functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTB.AE.ZZ represents examination of heart functions as a residual/NEC category, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of cardiac function testing that encompasses ECG, echocardiography, stress testing, and output measurement; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it is an NEC category and does not restrict to testing specifically." }] }, { "code" : "385978009", "display" : "Cardiac rehabilitation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for an assessment performed in the context of cardiac rehabilitation, capturing evaluation of cardiovascular function in a non-specific/NEC way; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not carry the rehabilitation-program framing that \"cardiac rehabilitation assessment\" implies." }] }, { "code" : "431220000", "display" : "Cardiac septostomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of atrial septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.FA.AA (incision of atrial septum) is the best structural match for septostomy, as septostomy is by definition an incision or enlargement of the atrial septum; however, the ICHI code does not capture fluoroscopic guidance (the means axis indicates open approach, not fluoroscopic/percutaneous), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "113018007", "display" : "Cardioassist", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardioassist\" refers to mechanical circulatory support (IABP, VAD, ECMO), and HZZ.DN.AA covers implantation of any cardiac assist device not classified elsewhere, making it a reasonable but broader match since ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type under this NEC code." }] }, { "code" : "386240008", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation management", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"CPR management\" is broader than the act of CPR itself — it encompasses assessment, decision-making, and the overall clinical management around a resuscitation episode — while the ICHI code represents only the resuscitation procedure. HT2.MC.AH is the closest available code but is narrower in scope than the management concept." }] }, { "code" : "72193009", "display" : "Cardiosplenopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cardiosplenopexy is a historical procedure in which the spleen is attached to the heart (or pericardium) to encourage collateral blood supply; \"Fixation of spleen\" (DJA.LC.AA) captures the splenic fixation component but does not convey the specific cardiac attachment or the revascularisation intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229196003", "display" : "Cardiovascular exercises in water", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code covers cardiovascular exercise broadly, which includes the water-based variant; however, ICHI does have a hydrotherapy category (PZA.ZZ.BS for full immersion), but that is targeted at physical/whole-body hydrotherapy rather than cardiovascular training specifically. HT2.PG.ZZ captures the cardiovascular exercise intent while losing the aquatic specificity, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "279771007", "display" : "Cardiovascular flow study imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.BA.BE", "display" : "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cardiovascular flow study imaging\" describes nuclear medicine or functional imaging of blood flow through the cardiovascular system; HTB.BA.BE (cardiac output scan) is the closest available ICHI code covering radionuclide/functional cardiac imaging, but it is broader and does not specify flow study specifically. HTC.BA.BE (myocardial perfusion scan) is an alternative but is restricted to myocardial perfusion rather than general cardiovascular flow." }] }, { "code" : "1156719008", "display" : "Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet 2 Low Density Lipoprotein", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to a specific structured dietary intervention (CHILD-2 LDL diet) aimed at reducing LDL cholesterol through diet modification; VEA.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code covering education/intervention on eating behaviours, but it is far broader and does not encode the lipid-lowering or cardiovascular-specific dietary programme detail." }] }, { "code" : "1156718000", "display" : "Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet 2 Triglyceride", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the LDL variant above, this SNOMED concept describes a specific structured dietary intervention (CHILD-2 triglyceride diet) targeting triglyceride reduction; VEA.PM.ZZ captures the general eating behaviour education domain but cannot represent the triglyceride-specific or cardiovascular programme-specific nature of this concept." }] }, { "code" : "113021009", "display" : "Cardiovascular measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AB.AH", "display" : "Other nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AB.AH covers nonoperative cardiac and vascular measurements as a residual category within the cardiovascular functions block, which broadly aligns with \"cardiovascular measurement\"; the ICHI code is wider because it is a catch-all NEC (not elsewhere classified) entry and does not convey any specific measurement type, while the SNOMED concept is itself already a high-level category." }] }, { "code" : "48428001", "display" : "Cardiovascular monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"cardiovascular monitoring\" code; \"Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, NEC\" is the closest categorical match under the cardiovascular functions block, but it is broader as it covers any observational act rather than specifically continuous monitoring. More specific monitoring codes exist only for narrower sub-domains of cardiovascular monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "49763002", "display" : "Cardiovascular rehabilitation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cardiovascular rehabilitation is a multi-component programme; ICHI's closest single code covers the exercise training component within the cardiovascular functions block, but \"rehabilitation\" as a SNOMED concept typically encompasses assessment, education, counselling, and exercise — none of which is captured by a single ICHI assignable code. HT2.PH.ZZ represents the core rehabilitative exercise intervention and is the best available single-code match, though it is broader in scope and misses the multi-disciplinary nature." }] }, { "code" : "26046004", "display" : "Cardiovascular stress test using bicycle ergometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AF.AH", "display" : "Exercise electrocardiogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no instrument-specific distinction between bicycle ergometer and treadmill; HTM.AF.AH (exercise electrocardiogram) is the single assignable code capturing the ECG-monitored exercise stress test regardless of the ergometric device used, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies a bicycle ergometer." }] }, { "code" : "80635001", "display" : "Cardiovascular stress test using treadmill", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AF.AH", "display" : "Exercise electrocardiogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the bicycle ergometer variant, ICHI does not differentiate stress test modality by device; HTM.AF.AH covers all exercise ECG stress testing and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a treadmill-based protocol." }] }, { "code" : "432029008", "display" : "Cardioversion using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH captures cardioversion (conversion of cardiac arrhythmia) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance that characterises this specific SNOMED concept — ICHI's means axis for this code (AH = external approach) does not distinguish imaging guidance modalities. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all methods of cardiac arrhythmia conversion regardless of guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "431593007", "display" : "Care of ileal conduit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ileal conduit is a specific type of urinary diversion stoma, and PTD.SN.AC covers management of any stoma not classified under gastrostomy, enterostomy, or tracheostomy, making it broader than the specific ileal conduit concept. This is the closest available ICHI code; no ileal-conduit-specific management code exists." }] }, { "code" : "406169005", "display" : "Care of patient undergoing electroconvulsive therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.SC.BP", "display" : "Stimulation of the brain using electric fields", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Stimulation of the brain using electric fields\" is the closest available code, sitting under the brain stimulation hierarchy alongside transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, it is broader — it does not specifically encode ECT as a modality, nor does it capture the peri-procedural nursing care context of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385924009", "display" : "Care of pressure injury stage III", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for pressure injury care or wound management of decubitus ulcers; the closest available code covers external dressing application to skin (NEC), which is a component of pressure injury care but is broader and does not capture the staging, cleansing, debridement, or other nursing management actions involved. No ICHI code encodes \"care of\" a wound type by stage." }] }, { "code" : "385928007", "display" : "Care of pressure injury stage IV", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as stage III — ICHI has no code for pressure injury care by stage; LZZ.DK.AH represents a skin dressing application which is one element of such care, but it is broader and not stage-specific, making it the best available approximate match." }] }, { "code" : "445191009", "display" : "Care of suprapubic urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to suprapubic catheter care; NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which semantically encompasses ongoing care of a suprapubic catheter, but is broader because it includes any bladder device and does not distinguish catheter type or route of insertion." }] }, { "code" : "449584006", "display" : "Care of tunneled central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code — it represents ongoing maintenance of intravenous (venous) access, which conceptually aligns with the care and upkeep of a tunneled central venous catheter; however it is broader, covering any intravenous access maintenance without specifying a tunneled CVC, and the \"Tunneled central venous catheter\" entries found in the search appear to be extension/means codes without assignable codes of their own." }] }, { "code" : "431332004", "display" : "Care of ureterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers management of any stoma (not elsewhere classified), which encompasses ureterostomy care as one specific type; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to all stoma types (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy, etc.), not just ureterostomy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "866147001", "display" : "Care planning for fall risk", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ represents individualised planning for the whole person, which is the closest ICHI concept to developing a care plan targeting a specific risk; it is broader because it is not specific to fall risk and encompasses any type of individualised care planning regardless of the reason or target condition." }] }, { "code" : "287409005", "display" : "Cartilage graft - prominent ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the external ear in general and is the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a cartilage graft technique specifically for prominent ear correction (otoplasty). ICHI does not have a code that isolates cartilage graft as the means or prominent ear as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "39774008", "display" : "Cartilage graft to nasal septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Septoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAB.ML.AC (Septoplasty) is the only ICHI code under the nasal septum block that captures surgical reconstruction/repair of the nasal septum; however, it is broader because it encompasses all septoplasty approaches whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a cartilage graft technique. No dedicated \"cartilage graft to nasal septum\" code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "385909000", "display" : "Cataract care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BBF", "display" : "Interventions on lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cataract care\" is a broad, non-specific term encompassing assessment through surgical management of the lens; the ICHI block \"Interventions on lens\" (BBF) covers all interventions on the crystalline lens including extraction and prosthetic insertion, but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code, and is broader than any single cataract procedure." }] }, { "code" : "385908008", "display" : "Cataract care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cataract-specific assessment code; BZZ.AA.AH covers assessment of the eye and eye functions broadly, which encompasses a cataract-focused assessment but is not restricted to it. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "397398007", "display" : "Catheterization of bronchus with lavage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bronchoscopic irrigation of the bronchus is the closest ICHI match — lavage (washing out) is semantically equivalent to irrigation in this context, and catheterization of the bronchus is performed endoscopically. The ICHI code does not specify the catheter-with-lavage technique and covers endoscopic bronchial irrigation more broadly, making it slightly wider." }] }, { "code" : "405420006", "display" : "Catheterization of neck vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal device (including catheter) insertion into the vein of head and neck, which encompasses neck vein catheterization. The ICHI code is wider because it includes head veins and any device, not specifically a catheter into the neck vein alone." }] }, { "code" : "384649001", "display" : "Catheterization of urinary bladder by indwelling suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD covers insertion of any device into the urinary bladder endoscopically, which encompasses suprapubic catheter placement. However, ICHI does not specifically distinguish the suprapubic (percutaneous/transabdominal) route or the indwelling nature of the catheter, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "61339001", "display" : "Catheterization with bronchial brush biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AD.AA (biopsy of bronchus, open) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not have a specific code for bronchial brush biopsy technique, so this code is broader as it covers any method of bronchial biopsy rather than the brush catheter technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "89746002", "display" : "Cauterization of adenoid fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific category code for cauterization/destruction of the adenoid fossa — the adenoid block (BlockL5-DAB) contains only biopsy, excision, and haemostasis codes but no destruction/cauterization code. Assigning the block is appropriate as the closest grouping, though it is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "74854002", "display" : "Cauterization of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the anus by any method (open approach), which encompasses cauterization. ICHI does not differentiate cauterization as a specific means within this code, so it is slightly broader, but this is the best available match for the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "86705006", "display" : "Cauterization of cervix by laser surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of cervix tissue by any method, including cauterization and laser; the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means, but ICHI has no laser-specific destruction code for the cervix (NMF.GA.BA covers radiotherapy only), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "17881005", "display" : "Cauterization of choroid plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.GA.AE", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The choroid plexus resides within the cerebral ventricles and is the recognized anatomical target for this intervention in ICHI; however, AAE.GA.AE targets the broader ventricles-of-brain structure and implies an endoscopic approach, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is anatomically specific to the choroid plexus without specifying approach." }] }, { "code" : "172509007", "display" : "Cauterization of ciliary body", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of ciliary body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBD.GA.AH captures destruction of the ciliary body by any method; cauterization is one form of destruction, but ICHI does not have a cauterization-specific code for this target, so the ICHI code is broader in terms of the means used." }] }, { "code" : "77184003", "display" : "Cauterization of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.GA.AA covers destruction of conjunctival tissue by any method; cauterization is a specific form of destruction and ICHI does not distinguish cauterization from other destructive modalities for the conjunctiva, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "172407006", "display" : "Cauterization of corneal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of corneal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.GA.AH covers destruction of a corneal lesion by any method; cauterization is a specific destructive technique, and since ICHI does not have a cauterization-specific code for the cornea, the ICHI code is broader in means." }] }, { "code" : "235266004", "display" : "Cauterization of duodenal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization is a specific form of destruction, and this ICHI code is the only destruction code available for duodenal lesions, specifying endoscopic means. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all destruction methods (not just cauterization), and the SNOMED concept does not specify approach while ICHI specifies endoscopic." }] }, { "code" : "32787003", "display" : "Cauterization of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization of an eyelid is clinically a destruction of eyelid tissue, and ICHI's target (eyelid) matches precisely. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all destruction methods (not just cauterization) and the means axis (AH = not elsewhere classified) does not specify cauterization specifically." }] }, { "code" : "82269004", "display" : "Cauterization of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization of the fallopian tube is a form of destruction, and the target axis matches exactly. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all destruction methods and does not specify the means as cauterization; fallopian tube cauterization is commonly performed for sterilization, but NMC.LA.AA (occlusion) could also be considered — however destruction is the more direct semantic match for cauterization." }] }, { "code" : "35986008", "display" : "Cauterization of forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forefoot-specific destruction code; the best available code covers the entire lower limb skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the forefoot. Cauterization maps to the destruction action axis (GA), and the lower limb is the correct body region, but the target is less precise." }] }, { "code" : "309882001", "display" : "Cauterization of gastric lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.GA.AD covers destruction of a gastric lesion (semantically matching cauterization), but is specifically endoscopic in approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach. The SNOMED concept is also specifically about a \"lesion,\" while the ICHI title additionally includes \"tissue.\" The closest non-approach-constrained alternative does not exist in ICHI's stomach block, making this the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "172812000", "display" : "Cauterization of internal nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of intranasal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.GA.AC captures destruction (of which cauterization is a method) of an intranasal lesion, which aligns well with cauterization of the internal nose. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it specifies a lesion target rather than the internal nose generally, but it is the closest available code for this procedure in the nasal interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "62178009", "display" : "Cauterization of iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBC.GA.AH represents destruction (the broader action of which cauterization is a specific technique) of a lesion of the iris, matching the anatomical target precisely. The ICHI code is wider because it specifies the action is on a \"lesion\" and does not constrain the means to cauterization specifically." }] }, { "code" : "37591001", "display" : "Cauterization of lacrimal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.GA.AH is the only destruction code available for the lacrimal system in ICHI and covers the lacrimal apparatus as a whole rather than the lacrimal gland specifically, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets only the lacrimal gland. No code specific to the lacrimal gland alone for destruction exists in the ICHI lacrimal apparatus block." }] }, { "code" : "75904000", "display" : "Cauterization of lacrimal sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with cauterization of the lacrimal gland, ICHI has no code specific to the lacrimal sac for destruction; BAD.GA.AH covers the entire lacrimal apparatus and is thus wider than the SNOMED concept targeting only the lacrimal sac. This is the closest available code within the lacrimal apparatus interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "77688004", "display" : "Cauterization of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization is a specific means of destruction (thermal/chemical), whereas the ICHI code covers all destruction modalities of laryngeal lesion or tissue without specifying the means. The ICHI target is also slightly broader (\"larynx\" vs. the SNOMED which implies a lesion on the larynx), but this is the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "235345009", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion - large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization of a large intestinal lesion maps best to destruction of lesion of colon; ICHI uses \"colon\" rather than \"large intestine\" as the target, and the means (cauterization) is not specified in the ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "235299002", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion - small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers destruction of a small intestinal lesion by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies cauterization as the technique; the ICHI code is otherwise a good structural match on target and action." }] }, { "code" : "74580009", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures destruction of cervical lesion or tissue by any modality via transvaginal approach (means AC), while the SNOMED concept specifies cauterization; the target and action axes match well, but means and tissue scope are broader in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "20579004", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all destruction modalities applied to oesophageal lesion or tissue, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes cauterization; the target and action are well aligned but the ICHI code is broader due to unspecified means." }] }, { "code" : "173448001", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the floor of mouth as a distinct target — the floor of mouth falls within the oral cavity, and KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction of oral cavity structures not classified under more specific sub-blocks (lip, tongue, gum, etc.). The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the floor-of-mouth site." }] }, { "code" : "173227001", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.GA.AH directly matches the target (lip) and action (destruction, of which cauterization is a modality), but the ICHI title does not specify \"lesion\" — it covers any destruction of the lip rather than destruction of a lesion specifically, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "265297009", "display" : "Cauterization of lesion of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA correctly maps the target (retina) and action (destruction, encompassing cauterization), but the ICHI title does not specify \"lesion\" and covers destruction of the retina generally, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a retinal lesion." }] }, { "code" : "2644002", "display" : "Cauterization of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the liver by open approach with unspecified means, which encompasses cauterization of the liver but is broader in that it includes any destructive modality (e.g., radiofrequency, cryotherapy) and the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular lesion vs. tissue target. This is the closest available ICHI code; no cauterization-specific liver code exists." }] }, { "code" : "387747000", "display" : "Cauterization of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.GA.AA represents open destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung without specifying means, which subsumes cauterization of the lung but is broader because it covers all destructive modalities. No lung-specific cauterization code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "82152007", "display" : "Cauterization of mammary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AA covers open destruction of lesion or tissue of the breast by any means, which encompasses cauterization of the mammary gland; however, it is broader because it includes all destructive techniques and also specifies a lesion/tissue target rather than the whole gland. No breast-specific cauterization code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "89325008", "display" : "Cauterization of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization is a specific method of destruction (by heat/electricity), while ICHI NMA.GA.AA encodes destruction of the ovary without specifying the means, making the ICHI code broader. The target and clinical intent align well." }] }, { "code" : "40899005", "display" : "Cauterization of sclera", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target (sclera) and clinical action (destruction of a lesion) match well; cauterization is a specific method of tissue destruction that is not distinguished in the ICHI means axis, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "42969009", "display" : "Cauterization of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI combines skin and subcutaneous tissue into a single target axis and offers only site-specific destruction codes (by body region) or the NEC residual LZZ.GA.AH; none isolates skin alone across all body sites. The NEC code is the best available match but is broader because it encompasses subcutaneous tissue and is unspecified as to body site." }] }, { "code" : "7980005", "display" : "Cauterization of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish cauterisation/destruction of subcutaneous tissue separately from skin; the closest available code covers both skin and subcutaneous cell tissue across all body sites (NEC residual). The code is broader because it includes the skin and does not specify a body site." }] }, { "code" : "43401008", "display" : "Cauterization of tonsillar fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of tonsils", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for the tonsillar fossa; DAA.GA.AC is the closest code covering destruction within the tonsil/peritonsillar region. It is broader because it covers the tonsil as a whole rather than the fossa specifically, and it does not encode the cauterisation means." }] }, { "code" : "307273008", "display" : "Cauterization of wart", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization is a specific means of destroying a wart (a specific skin lesion), but ICHI does not have a code specific to wart destruction or to cauterization as a means — LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, which is broader than the specific procedure (cauterization) and the specific target (wart)." }] }, { "code" : "359726004", "display" : "Cavernoscopy of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cavernoscopy of the thorax is endoscopic inspection of a thoracic cavity/space (an empyema or abscess cavity), which maps closest to thoracoscopy — the ICHI code for endoscopic exploration of the thoracic cavity via a transpleural approach. The ICHI code is slightly broader in that it describes general thoracoscopy rather than being specific to pathological cavity inspection." }] }, { "code" : "313938009", "display" : "CD4 percent count", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0RS1", "display" : "CD4 cell enumeration", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0RS1 specifically captures CD4 cell enumeration, which is the closest ICHI code to a CD4 percent count; the ICHI code is slightly broader in that it covers CD4 cell enumeration generally without specifying the result type as a percentage (proportion of total lymphocytes) rather than an absolute count." }] }, { "code" : "176121003", "display" : "Cecal urinary bladder replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cecal urinary bladder replacement (constructing a neobladder from cecum) is a form of bladder reconstruction; ICHI has NAI.ML.AA for reconstruction of the urinary bladder but does not encode the specific bowel segment used (cecum), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "53133001", "display" : "Cecocoloplicopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBZ.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cecocoloplicopexy is fixation (pexy) of the cecum and colon together; ICHI has KBZ.LC.AA for fixation of the large intestine NEC, which encompasses both the cecum and colon as segments of the large intestine and is the best available match, though it is broader as it does not specify the combined cecum-and-colon plication/fixation technique." }] }, { "code" : "50012009", "display" : "Cecopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBZ.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific caecum fixation code; KBZ.LC.AA covers fixation of large intestine NEC, which is the nearest anatomical parent — the caecum is part of the large intestine but is not individually named in this context. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses fixation of any large intestinal segment, not just the caecum." }] }, { "code" : "433059005", "display" : "Celiac plexus block using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies sympathetic nervous system interventions only by anatomical level (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) and has no specific block for the celiac/coeliac plexus; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified category for this system and is the closest available code, though it is far broader and omits both the injection-of-anaesthetic action and fluoroscopic guidance means." }] }, { "code" : "433221009", "display" : "Celiac plexus block using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated celiac plexus intervention code, so ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the best available fit, but it covers all unspecified sympathetic nervous system interventions without capturing the celiac plexus target, the anaesthetic block action, or the ultrasound guidance means." }] }, { "code" : "359681000", "display" : "Celiac plexus procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As the parent concept of the more specific celiac plexus block codes, this maps to the same residual ICHI code ADA.ZZ.ZZ; the SNOMED concept is itself non-specific about the type of procedure, and ICHI similarly has no dedicated celiac plexus category." }] }, { "code" : "1284877001", "display" : "Cementation of crown to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the only ICHI leaf code for restorative tooth procedures and encompasses cementation of a crown as one form of tooth restoration; it is wider because it covers all types of restorations (fillings, inlays, crowns) rather than crown cementation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1269340005", "display" : "Cementation of inlay to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cementation of an inlay is a form of indirect tooth restoration, which falls directly under KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth); the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all restorative procedures on a tooth without distinguishing inlay from other restoration types." }] }, { "code" : "1284880000", "display" : "Cementation of post core to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A post-core is a pre-restorative foundation device cemented into the root canal to retain a crown; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the best available fit as a post-core is primarily a device placement rather than a restoration, though the ICHI code is wider, covering any dental device application without specificity to post-core foundations." }] }, { "code" : "1268671004", "display" : "Cementation of restoration to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers restoration of tooth broadly, which encompasses cementing a restoration (crown, bridge) onto a dental implant abutment. ICHI does not have a more specific code distinguishing implant-supported restorations from natural tooth restorations, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269408005", "display" : "Cementation of veneer onto tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cementing a dental veneer is a form of tooth restoration, and KAE.MK.AC is the closest available ICHI code covering restoration of tooth. ICHI does not distinguish veneer cementation from other restorative procedures, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177179008", "display" : "Cephalic vaginal delivery with abnormal presentation of head at delivery without instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AC is the single ICHI code for vaginal delivery and is the best available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the specifics of cephalic abnormal head presentation (occiput posterior, brow, or face) nor the absence of instruments — ICHI has no codes distinguishing presentation variants of spontaneous vaginal delivery." }] }, { "code" : "401035006", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid microscopy culture and sensitivities", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for CSF microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing as a combined procedure. ABG.AH.XE captures the CSF collection step (from the spinal canal), but the downstream laboratory analysis (microscopy, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility) is not encoded at this level." }] }, { "code" : "171770006", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid pressure recording", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbar puncture (ABG.AH.AE) is the standard procedural vehicle for measuring CSF opening pressure, and the SNOMED concept specifically describes the pressure recording that occurs during lumbar puncture. However, the ICHI code represents the full lumbar puncture procedure (which may be done for other purposes such as specimen collection or drug injection), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "412885005", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid sodium measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for CSF-specific electrolyte measurement; sodium is a mineral/electrolyte and the closest available code covers assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions broadly, without specifying CSF as the specimen source or sodium as the specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "412936001", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid total human chorionic gonadotropin measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any CSF-specific hormone measurement code; hCG is an endocrine/reproductive hormone, so the best available match is the broader assessment of endocrine gland functions, which does not capture the CSF specimen context or the specific hormone analyte." }] }, { "code" : "412887002", "display" : "Cerebrospinal fluid urea measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for CSF urea measurement specifically; urea is a nitrogenous metabolic byproduct and the nearest code covers assessment of general metabolic functions broadly, without specifying the CSF specimen or urea as the analyte." }] }, { "code" : "726602001", "display" : "Certolizumab pegol therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Certolizumab pegol is a PEGylated anti-TNF monoclonal antibody fragment classified as an immunological (biologic) agent and is administered subcutaneously (a percutaneous route), making this a good structural match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given percutaneously rather than certolizumab specifically." }] }, { "code" : "252248006", "display" : "Cerulin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cerulin (caerulein) test is a pharmacological provocation of pancreatic/biliary secretion using a cholecystokinin analogue; ICHI has no specific pancreatic or biliary provocation test code, so the residual \"provocation test, not elsewhere classified\" is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "709061001", "display" : "Cervical esophagogastrostomy using retrosternal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Anastomosis of oesophagus\" captures the oesophageal anastomosis component of an oesophagogastrostomy, but is broader because it does not specify the gastric target, the cervical level, or the retrosternal routing." }] }, { "code" : "60954008", "display" : "Cervical esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Oesophagostomy\" matches the procedure type but does not specify the cervical site — it applies to oesophagostomy at any level, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445429009", "display" : "Cervical laminectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated laminectomy code; laminectomy is excision of the vertebral lamina (part of the cervical spine), which maps most closely to local excision of lesion of the cervical spine — broader because it covers any excisional procedure on the cervical spine." }] }, { "code" : "438374004", "display" : "Cervical laminoplasty with decompression of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated laminoplasty code; laminoplasty is a reconstructive expansion of the posterior cervical arch to decompress the spinal cord, so \"Release of spinal cord\" is the closest functional equivalent — broader because it covers any means of cord release and is not cervical-specific." }] }, { "code" : "265004004", "display" : "Cervical lymph nodes sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of cervical lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sampling\" of cervical lymph nodes is conceptually equivalent to biopsy; ICHI's biopsy code applies to a single node and does not specify technique, while the SNOMED concept may target multiple nodes and is technique-agnostic." }] }, { "code" : "185603003", "display" : "Cervical smear - 1st recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.AH.XH is a precise match for the cervical smear procedure; the SNOMED concept adds the administrative qualifier \"1st recall\" (a repeat invitation following an initial non-response), which is not captured by the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "51726004", "display" : "Cervicothoracic sympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate cervical (ADB.JK.AA) and thoracic (ADC.JK.AA) sympathectomy codes but no single code for a combined cervicothoracic sympathectomy spanning both levels, so the catch-all is the broadest fitting code." }] }, { "code" : "41059002", "display" : "Cesarean hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AA", "display" : "Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cesarean hysterectomy is a combined cesarean section followed by total abdominal hysterectomy; ICHI has no single code for the combined procedure, so the hysterectomy component is the closest single match but omits the obstetric delivery context." }] }, { "code" : "450483001", "display" : "Cesarean section through inverted T shaped incision of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's single caesarean section code does not differentiate incision shape (classical, low transverse, inverted-T, J-shaped); NME.JF.AA captures the procedure class but is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the inverted-T uterine incision variant." }] }, { "code" : "450484007", "display" : "Cesarean section through J shaped incision of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code distinguishing J-shaped uterine incision from other caesarean section incision types; NME.JF.AA is the appropriate but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "1371301003", "display" : "Cesarean section with delivery of fetal head using forceps", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code combining caesarean section with internal forceps assistance for fetal head delivery; NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery but is broader, not capturing the adjunct forceps maneuver." }] }, { "code" : "225421002", "display" : "Change in body image counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Experience of self and time functions\" is the closest ICHI construct to body image — covering the mental function of self, identity, and body perception — but is broader than the specific body-image-counseling target of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "79165006", "display" : "Change of cystostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of bladder device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cystostomy tube is a device placed in the urinary bladder, so \"Replacement of bladder device\" is the best match; broader because it covers any bladder device replacement, not specifically a suprapubic cystostomy tube." }] }, { "code" : "733923007", "display" : "Change of diaper", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for changing a diaper/nappy; \"Performing the task of toileting\" is the closest functional equivalent, as diaper changing is a component of the toileting activity domain — broader because it covers all toileting task performance." }] }, { "code" : "18949003", "display" : "Change of dressing", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"change of dressing\" code; the closest match is application of a dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue, which captures the clinical action performed when changing a wound dressing — broader as it covers initial application as well as reapplication." }] }, { "code" : "1230030004", "display" : "Change of patient gown", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of dressing the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SME.RA.ZZ covers the act of dressing/clothing a person as a supported activity, broader than the specific clinical task of changing a hospital patient gown; no more precise ICHI code exists for this nursing/care activity." }] }, { "code" : "398219000", "display" : "Change of percutaneous biliary drainage catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.KA.AD", "display" : "Replacement of device in biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.KA.AD covers replacement of any device in the biliary duct, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a percutaneous approach and a drainage catheter; a percutaneous-specific biliary device replacement code does not exist in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "180290000", "display" : "Change of plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.KB.AH captures replacement of an external immobilisation device (which includes plaster casts) but applies to unspecified body sites and all device types, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept of changing a plaster cast." }] }, { "code" : "239663007", "display" : "Change of traction splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.KB.AH represents replacing an external immobilisation device, which captures replacing a traction splint; broader because it covers all external immobilisation devices (casts, braces, etc.), not specifically traction splints." }] }, { "code" : "410541009", "display" : "Changing delivery booking place", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Birth planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUG.TB.ZZ (Birth planning) is the closest ICHI concept covering planning decisions around childbirth, which logically encompasses changing the intended place of delivery; broader because it covers the full range of antenatal delivery planning." }] }, { "code" : "173133004", "display" : "Changing of tracheo-esophageal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of tracheal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.KA.AC covers replacement of any device in the trachea, the structural site of a tracheoesophageal voice valve; broader as it encompasses any tracheal device replacement rather than specifically a voice prosthesis/valve." }] }, { "code" : "1230093000", "display" : "Changing sanitary pad", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.KB.ZZ covers changing/replacement of any personal-use product, which subsumes changing a sanitary pad; broader as it applies to all personal daily-living products and does not specifically identify sanitary/menstrual hygiene products." }] }, { "code" : "1230091003", "display" : "Changing urine bottle", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urine bottle (urinal) is a personal-use assistive product for daily living; UAD.KB.ZZ encodes changing/replacing such a product, but is broader as it applies to any personal daily-living product, not specifically urine collection devices." }] }, { "code" : "225143001", "display" : "Checking dressing of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AH", "display" : "Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AH captures the visual/tactile examination element of checking a wound dressing, but is broader because it covers any skin inspection, not specifically the act of checking an applied dressing for condition, adherence, or wound status." }] }, { "code" : "225278008", "display" : "Checking for kinking of urinary catheter tubing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for inspecting the physical state of urinary catheter tubing; observation of urinary functions is the closest available concept (the act of checking for kinking supports monitoring of urinary function), but is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "225277003", "display" : "Checking for looping of urinary catheter tubing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with kinking, ICHI has no specific code for checking catheter tubing for looping; observation of urinary functions is the same best-available proxy — an observational intervention on urinary function, far broader than this specific catheter-tubing positional check." }] }, { "code" : "172436006", "display" : "Chelation of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of corneal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chelation (chemical removal of calcium deposits from the cornea) is a specific form of corneal lesion destruction; BBB.GA.AH is the best available ICHI code but it is broader, covering all methods of destroying a corneal lesion rather than chelation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "22132000", "display" : "Chemexfoliation of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemical exfoliation (chemical peel) of the face is a superficial chemical debridement of facial skin performed without incision, making LAA.JG.AH the best structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader — it covers the entire head and neck region and all methods of non-incisional debridement, not just chemical peeling of the face." }] }, { "code" : "226076009", "display" : "Chemical analysis of nutrient intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of food intake", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemical analysis of nutrient intake is a specific quantitative measurement technique applied to dietary intake; SMF.AB.ZZ (Measurement of food intake) is the closest ICHI match and captures the measurement intent, but is broader as it encompasses all methods of measuring food intake rather than specifically chemical/laboratory analysis of nutrients." }] }, { "code" : "37140006", "display" : "Chemical cauterization for destruction of lesion of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate, and ICHI does not have a separate uvula-specific destruction code — KAS.GA.AC covers destruction of the soft palate as a whole, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the uvula. The chemical means (cauterization) is also not captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "234679005", "display" : "Chemical cautery of gingival operculum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of gingiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gingival operculum is the flap of gum tissue overlying a partially erupted tooth; ICHI has no operculum-specific code, so KAG.GA.AC (destruction of gingiva) is the closest match. The ICHI code is broader — it covers all gingival destruction, not specifically the operculum, and does not encode the chemical means." }] }, { "code" : "31944008", "display" : "Chemocauterization of corneal epithelium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of corneal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.GA.AH covers destruction of corneal lesions without specifying the method or limiting to the epithelium, making it broader than chemocauterization (chemical destruction) specifically of the corneal epithelium; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI category, sitting within the dedicated \"Interventions on cornea\" block (BlockL5-BBB)." }] }, { "code" : "314617008", "display" : "Chemoembolization of liver metastases", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for chemoembolization (combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and embolisation targeting hepatic metastases); the best match is the generic liver lesion destruction code, which encompasses any technique used to destroy a liver lesion and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept. The arterial embolisation aspect (IEA.LA.AF covers abdominal/pelvic artery embolisation, not liver-specific) does not capture the targeted anti-tumour destruction intent as well as KCA.GA.AA." }] }, { "code" : "4570007", "display" : "Chemopallidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemopallidectomy is the chemical (stereotactic injection-based) destruction of the globus pallidus for movement disorder treatment; ICHI has no pallidus-specific or chemical-injection-specific destruction code. The closest available code is the generic brain tissue/lesion destruction code, which is broader, covering any technique and any brain target rather than the globus pallidus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "40611005", "display" : "Chemosurgery of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.GA.AA covers destruction of oesophageal lesion or tissue by any modality, and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies chemical destruction specifically. ICHI does not distinguish the destructive means (chemical, thermal, laser, etc.) within this code, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "367336001", "display" : "Chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified\" is the closest procedural code for the act of delivering a chemotherapeutic agent, but it covers all pharmacotherapy routes and drug types — not specifically cytotoxic/antineoplastic agents — making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated chemotherapy code." }] }, { "code" : "385786002", "display" : "Chemotherapy care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Chemotherapy care\" describes the broader provision of care around a chemotherapy regimen; the closest ICHI match is \"Providing services in relation to medications,\" which covers service delivery around any medication, making it broader than the chemotherapy-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385785003", "display" : "Chemotherapy care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept focuses on assessing care specifically in the context of chemotherapy, while the ICHI code \"Assessment of medications\" covers assessment of any medication regimen and is therefore broader; no chemotherapy-specific assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "22733003", "display" : "Chemotherapy for non-malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no code distinguishing chemotherapy for benign/non-malignant neoplasms from other pharmacotherapy; \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified\" is the nearest procedural code, but it is much broader, covering all pharmacotherapeutic administration regardless of indication or drug class." }] }, { "code" : "311681003", "display" : "Chewing exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of ingestion functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for chewing (mastication) exercises; KTB.PH.ZZ covers training of ingestion functions, which is the parent functional domain that includes chewing as one component. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about therapeutic chewing exercises." }] }, { "code" : "185573005", "display" : "Child development - first default recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly, which encompasses the clinical content of a child developmental surveillance recall, but ICHI does not capture the \"first recall\" scheduling specificity or the administrative recall nature of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "185574004", "display" : "Child development - second default recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the first recall — ETM.AA.ZZ represents the underlying developmental assessment activity, but ICHI has no mechanism to distinguish sequential recall encounters, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "185575003", "display" : "Child development - third default recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the first and second recalls, ETM.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for the developmental assessment content, but it does not capture the ordinal recall sequence encoded by this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243788004", "display" : "Child examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.AE.AH represents a physical examination of the whole body regardless of patient age, making it broader than the paediatric-specific \"Child examination\" concept; no age-restricted paediatric examination code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "308411004", "display" : "Child immunization recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDA.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"recall\" is a proactive reminder sent to individuals to prompt them to get immunized, which maps most closely to an \"alert concerning immunisation behaviours\" in ICHI's health-service-related behaviours section. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any alert about immunisation behaviours (not specifically a recall targeting children), and does not encode the child population qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "427954006", "display" : "Child psychoanalytic psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PQ", "display" : "Psychotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a distinct modality; the action axis code PQ (Psychotherapy) is the closest match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the psychoanalytic technique and the child patient population. The target-specific psychotherapy codes (e.g. PZB.PQ.ZZ) describe the object of therapy rather than the therapeutic technique or patient age." }] }, { "code" : "88099009", "display" : "Child security measures education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Child security measures education\" is an educational intervention aimed at promoting safety practices for children, which maps to the ICHI concept of education targeting safety-related behaviours. The ICHI code is broader as it covers unspecified safety-related education for any population, without specificity for children or the \"security measures\" framing." }] }, { "code" : "386235000", "display" : "Childbirth preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to childbirth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Childbirth preparation\" encompasses education and training provided to expectant parents to prepare for labour and delivery, which aligns well with NUG.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to childbirth). The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any education about childbirth functions rather than structured \"preparation\" programs specifically, though this is the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "252957005", "display" : "Children's hearing test", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A children's hearing test is a functional hearing assessment, mapping well to CTB.AC.ZZ (Test of hearing functions). The ICHI code is wider because it applies to patients of any age and does not encode the paediatric context; the specific audiometric methodology (e.g. CTB.AB.ZZ Audiometry) could also be considered but CTB.AC.ZZ better represents a general hearing test without implying a specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "18362009", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of hip subluxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.PA.AH directly covers manual manipulation of the hip joint, which is the procedural action performed in a chiropractic adjustment of hip subluxation; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic discipline, the subluxation indication, or that the intent is corrective reduction of a subluxation." }] }, { "code" : "64133005", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of knee subluxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.PA.AH directly covers manual manipulation of the knee joint, which is the core action in a chiropractic adjustment of knee subluxation; as with the hip code, it is broader because it does not encode the chiropractic context, the subluxation indication, or the corrective purpose." }] }, { "code" : "49332003", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of multiple cervical spine subluxations", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.PA.AH covers manipulation of the cervical spine, which is the anatomical target and procedural action in this SNOMED concept; it is wider because it does not encode the chiropractic discipline, the subluxation indication, or the fact that multiple levels are addressed in a single session." }] }, { "code" : "84790009", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of multiple lumbar spine subluxations", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.PA.AH covers manipulation of the lumbar spine, which encompasses chiropractic adjustment of lumbar subluxations, but the ICHI code does not specify the chiropractic profession, the subluxation concept, or the \"multiple\" qualifier — making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "29419003", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of single cervical spine subluxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.PA.AH covers manipulation of the cervical spine and is the best structural match, but it does not capture the chiropractic profession context, the subluxation concept, or the \"single\" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "33503006", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of single lumbar spine subluxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.PA.AH is the best structural match for a lumbar spine manipulation/adjustment, but like the cervical equivalent it is broader — omitting the chiropractic profession context, subluxation concept, and \"single\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "127812007", "display" : "Chiropractic adjustment of subluxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic/unspecified chiropractic adjustment of a subluxation with no specified vertebral level; MBZ.PA.AH (vertebral manipulation, site unspecified) is the closest match, though it does not encode the chiropractic profession or the subluxation concept." }] }, { "code" : "73575006", "display" : "Chiropractic consultation with history", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chiropractic consultation with history is primarily a structured clinical interview/history-taking session, and PZB.AN.ZZ captures that action on the whole person. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic professional context or that a consultation component accompanies the history." }] }, { "code" : "58400001", "display" : "Chiropractic examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chiropractic examination is fundamentally a clinical assessment of the musculoskeletal system, making MZZ.AA.ZZ the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the chiropractic clinical context or the full scope of neurological testing that may accompany such an examination." }] }, { "code" : "2530001", "display" : "Chiropractic visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chiropractic visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific procedure, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ \"Health management encounter, unspecified\" is the closest ICHI equivalent for a general healthcare contact. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health encounter regardless of profession or specialty." }] }, { "code" : "182548004", "display" : "Chiropraxy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chiropraxy is a discipline whose defining clinical intervention is spinal/vertebral manipulation; ICHI has no chiropractic-specific code but MBZ.PA.AH captures the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because chiropractic practice encompasses assessment, soft-tissue work, and extremity manipulation beyond just unspecified vertebral manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "1156314000", "display" : "Chloride salt modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a specific low-chloride or salt-restricted diet; UAB.DA.ZZ \"Food modification\" sits in the \"Interventions on food\" block and is the best available match for any deliberate dietary modification. The ICHI code is considerably broader, covering any type of food modification rather than the specific chloride/salt restriction." }] }, { "code" : "406828003", "display" : "Chloroacetate esterase stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chloroacetate esterase (Leder) staining is a specific histochemical staining technique used in histopathological examination to identify myeloid cells. ICHI offers no staining-method-level code; XG30Q5 \"Histopathology\" is the closest encompassing category, though it is far broader than this one specific stain method." }] }, { "code" : "252180003", "display" : "Chlorpromazine stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The chlorpromazine stimulation test is a pharmacological provocation test used to assess growth hormone or prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary, making it an endocrine function assessment. ICHI has no pharmacological stimulation test codes at this level of specificity; ETK.AA.ZZ is the nearest match, though it encompasses all endocrine gland function assessments rather than this specific drug-challenge test." }] }, { "code" : "406533007", "display" : "Choice of medication education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating a patient on their choice of medication (i.e., shared decision-making about which medication to select). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the \"choice/decision-making\" dimension." }] }, { "code" : "406532002", "display" : "Choice of services education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UE1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about services, systems and policies, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UE1.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for educating a person about services, but it is broader — it covers services/systems/policies in general and does not capture the shared decision-making or \"choice\" aspect that the SNOMED concept specifies." }] }, { "code" : "432027005", "display" : "Cholecystostomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JB.AA", "display" : "Cholecystostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fluoroscopically guided cholecystostomy — the only available codes are the unqualified open KCF.JB.AA and laparoscopic KCF.JB.AB, neither of which specifies fluoroscopic guidance as a means, so KCF.JB.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1258911006", "display" : "Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of calculus of biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) delivered via choledochoscope is a specific form of endoscopic destruction targeting biliary calculi, which falls within this code's scope. However, ICHI does not distinguish the specific destruction modality (EHL vs laser vs other) or specify that the target lesion is a calculus rather than a soft-tissue lesion, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1287827009", "display" : "Choledochoscopy and dilation of common bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic dilatation of the biliary duct captures the primary therapeutic action (dilation) performed via endoscopic/choledochoscopic means, matching the SNOMED concept well. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it also covers dilatation of the ampulla and does not restrict to the common bile duct specifically." }] }, { "code" : "286079005", "display" : "Choledochostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A choledochostomy is an open surgical incision into the common bile duct (typically with T-tube placement for drainage), and incision of the bile duct is the core operative step captured here. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that an ostomy/external drainage opening is created and also does not restrict to the common bile duct." }] }, { "code" : "235860000", "display" : "Choledochostomy with removal of calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Choledochostomy with stone removal involves incising the common bile duct and extracting a calculus; ICHI captures the incision of the bile duct but has no dedicated code for open bile duct exploration with calculus extraction (unlike the endoscopic counterpart). The ICHI code is substantially wider, missing both the calculus removal and the ostomy creation components." }] }, { "code" : "543008", "display" : "Choledochostomy with transduodenal sphincteroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is a surgical reconstruction/repair of the sphincter of Oddi via a transduodenal approach, and repair of the bile duct is the closest available ICHI category covering this reconstructive component. The code is wider as it does not capture the combined choledochostomy or specify the transduodenal approach and sphincter-specific target." }] }, { "code" : "173013001", "display" : "Chondroplasty of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for laryngeal cartilage repair/reshaping; \"Repair of larynx\" (JAN.MK.AA) is the closest available code and encompasses chondroplasty of the larynx but is broader, covering any repair of laryngeal structures and not limited to the cartilaginous component." }] }, { "code" : "252181004", "display" : "Chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation test specifically; the best available match is \"Assessment of endocrine gland functions\" (ETK.AA.ZZ), which covers functional endocrine testing in general but is considerably broader than this specific dynamic provocation test of gonadal/endocrine axis function." }] }, { "code" : "437111000124109", "display" : "Chromium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Food modification\" covers the general concept of modifying food or diet, of which a chromium-specific modified diet is one particular instance. No chromium-specific or mineral-specific dietary modification code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "170549007", "display" : "Chronic disease monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific chronic disease monitoring code; the closest available concept is the residual \"Health management encounter, unspecified\" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ), which broadly covers ongoing clinical encounters for managing health conditions, of which chronic disease monitoring is a specific form." }] }, { "code" : "423167009", "display" : "Chronic disease process education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education in looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMH.PM.ZZ covers education directed at the activity of self-managing one's health, which encompasses education about living with and managing a chronic disease process; however, it is broader as it is not restricted to chronic disease and includes all health self-management education." }] }, { "code" : "225230008", "display" : "Chronic peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE maps directly to peritoneal dialysis as a procedure on the peritoneum, but it does not distinguish chronic (ongoing/ambulatory) from acute peritoneal dialysis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the chronic modality." }] }, { "code" : "86250007", "display" : "Cineplastic amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cineplastic amputation is a specialized amputation technique in which a muscle tunnel is fashioned to mechanically power a prosthesis, but ICHI has no code for this technique-specific variant; the NEC amputation code MZZ.JN.AA is the broadest available amputation code and covers the procedure in principle while being wider than the specific cineplastic technique." }] }, { "code" : "2811005", "display" : "Cineradiography of pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cineradiography is a dynamic (motion) X-ray technique, which is more specific than a plain X-ray, and is typically applied to the pharynx broadly (not restricted to the oral pharynx); KAR.BA.BA captures the imaging-of-pharynx intent but is broader as it does not reflect the dynamic/cine nature or the full pharyngeal scope. No dedicated ICHI code for fluoroscopic/cine imaging of the pharynx exists." }] }, { "code" : "260653003", "display" : "Circumareolar incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.FA.AA", "display" : "Mastotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Mastotomy\" is the only breast incision code available, covering any incision into breast tissue, whereas a circumareolar incision is a specifically sited approach at the areolar margin used to access the breast. ICHI does not distinguish incision access routes at this level of detail." }] }, { "code" : "35180003", "display" : "Circumcision by clamp procedure on newborn", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated circumcision code; the closest match is partial excision of the penis, under which circumcision (removal of the prepuce) falls as a specific instance. The ICHI code is broader and does not capture the clamp technique or the newborn patient context." }] }, { "code" : "397203005", "display" : "Clamp and cautery of hemorrhoids", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific hemorrhoid destruction or hemorrhoidectomy code; KBX.GA.AC (destruction of lesion or tissue of anus, transanal) is the best available match, encompassing cautery/clamp destruction of hemorrhoidal tissue. The ICHI code is broader, covering any anorectal lesion destruction." }] }, { "code" : "84195007", "display" : "Classical cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA is the single ICHI code for all caesarean deliveries and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the classical (vertical/midline uterine incision) technique as distinct from lower-segment caesarean section." }] }, { "code" : "1153460009", "display" : "Cleaning of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JG.AC", "display" : "Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cleaning the tongue; \"Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest clinical act but covers the entire oral cavity rather than the tongue specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1351344003", "display" : "Cleaning of wound of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JA.AH", "display" : "Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"wound cleaning\" code; irrigation of skin (LZZ.JA.AH) is the closest match as it represents non-incisional cleansing of skin tissue. The residual \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier means this code is broader than the wound-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "223368005", "display" : "Cleaning skin surrounding stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for peristomal skin cleaning; \"Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest available code, as peristomal skin care is a routine component of stoma management, but the ICHI code is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "76942001", "display" : "Clearance rate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Clearance rate\" in clinical medicine most commonly refers to renal clearance (e.g., creatinine clearance, GFR); NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI match, though it is broader as it covers all urinary excretory function measurements." }] }, { "code" : "26588003", "display" : "Clearance ratio measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clearance ratio (such as the fractional excretion ratio) is a derived renal measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, though it is broader and does not capture the comparative/ratio nature of this specific measurement." }] }, { "code" : "38678006", "display" : "Client-centered psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeted at the whole person without specifying a theoretical modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the Rogerian client-centred approach." }] }, { "code" : "252511003", "display" : "Clinical immunological test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of immunological system functions, which closely aligns with a clinical immunological test; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses any functional test of the immune system." }] }, { "code" : "79696003", "display" : "Clipping of tip of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clipping of the tip of the uvula is a partial excision of uvular tissue; ICHI groups the uvula within the soft palate block (KAS) and offers KAS.JJ.AA as the closest partial-excision code, since there is no separate uvula-specific partial excision code." }] }, { "code" : "45687004", "display" : "Clomiphene test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clomiphene citrate challenge test is a dynamic hormonal stimulation test used to assess ovarian reserve and fertility-related endocrine function; NUD.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the specific pharmacological challenge test." }] }, { "code" : "252183001", "display" : "Clonidine stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clonidine stimulation test is a dynamic pharmacological challenge used to assess growth hormone (pituitary) secretion. ICHI has no code specific to clonidine or dynamic stimulation tests, so ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available match but is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "225415001", "display" : "Close observation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Close observation\" is a clinical activity of intensively watching a patient for changes in condition; PZB.AM.ZZ is the nearest ICHI concept covering unspecified observation of a patient as a whole, though it does not capture the heightened-vigilance intensity." }] }, { "code" : "440226001", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of articular fracture of interphalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of any finger or hand joint, which captures the interphalangeal joint location and the closed reduction procedure, but does not distinguish the articular fracture context or specify which interphalangeal joint." }] }, { "code" : "440558007", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of articular fracture of metacarpophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LD.AH encompasses closed reduction of any finger or hand joint and covers the metacarpophalangeal joint anatomically, but is broader because it does not specify the metacarpophalangeal joint or the articular fracture nature." }] }, { "code" : "440530004", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of dislocation of interphalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LD.AH matches the target (finger/hand joint including the interphalangeal joint) and the procedure type (closed reduction), but is broader as it does not distinguish dislocation from fracture reduction nor specify which interphalangeal joint." }] }, { "code" : "440627004", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of distal lateral condyle of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH correctly captures closed reduction of the femur bone via the non-surgical approach, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish the specific anatomical sub-site (distal lateral condyle)." }] }, { "code" : "439425009", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of distal medial condyle of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur, which encompasses the distal medial condyle as a sub-site, but the ICHI code does not specify the medial condyle location or the articular fracture nature." }] }, { "code" : "439423002", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of head of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers closed reduction of the femur as a whole bone, without distinguishing the head as a specific sub-region. The SNOMED concept specifies both the closed/manual approach and the anatomical sub-site (femoral head)." }] }, { "code" : "440341003", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of head of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the radius and ulna together as \"bone of forearm\" without distinguishing the radial head specifically. The SNOMED concept is more specific in both the bone (radius) and the sub-region (head)." }] }, { "code" : "439989007", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of neck of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish the neck of the radius from other forearm bones; \"bone of forearm\" is the closest available code. The SNOMED concept is more specific in anatomical sub-site." }] }, { "code" : "439988004", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of phalanx of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the entire foot and toe skeleton collectively under \"bone of foot or toe,\" while the SNOMED concept specifies the phalanx, making the ICHI code broader but a good anatomical fit." }] }, { "code" : "439365009", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of posterior malleolus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The posterior malleolus is the posterior lip of the distal tibia, so \"closed reduction of tibia or fibula\" is the anatomically correct ICHI code. ICHI does not distinguish the malleolar sub-region." }] }, { "code" : "439937002", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of shaft of femur and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur generically, without specifying the fracture site (shaft) or the additional procedure of skeletal traction. ICHI does not have a combined reduction-plus-traction code." }] }, { "code" : "439217005", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of fracture of shaft of femur and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH represents closed reduction of the femur without distinguishing the shaft location or the type of traction (skin vs. skeletal) applied as a complementary measure." }] }, { "code" : "440361009", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of intertrochanteric fracture of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH captures closed reduction of the femur as a whole; ICHI does not offer a code specific to the intertrochanteric region, so the anatomical specificity of this SNOMED concept is lost in the mapping." }] }, { "code" : "440572003", "display" : "Closed manual reduction of peritrochanteric fracture of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code distinguishing the peritrochanteric region; MLB.LD.AH is the closest available code and is broader, covering closed reduction of the femur without fracture-site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "463004", "display" : "Closed reduction of coxofemoral joint dislocation with splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip (coxofemoral) joint, which matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code does not capture the \"with splint\" immobilisation detail." }] }, { "code" : "58825001", "display" : "Closed reduction of dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is itself a non-site-specific closed reduction of a dislocation, and MRJ.LD.AH is the matching ICHI residual/unspecified-site code for closed joint reduction; functionally these are near-equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "86052008", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LD.AH is the ICHI residual code for closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, which maps well to the generic SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any bone reduction rather than being fracture-specific." }] }, { "code" : "360515001", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture and application of plaster cast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept combines fracture reduction and cast application; PZX.LC.AH captures the cast application but does not represent the reduction manoeuvre, and is broader in covering splints and any body site." }] }, { "code" : "708907008", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture of pelvis and internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a direct code for closed reduction of the pelvis, capturing the fracture reduction component precisely; however, ICHI does not combine the internal fixation step into this same code." }] }, { "code" : "708903007", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH matches the closed reduction component, but ICHI does not have a combined closed-reduction-plus-intramedullary-nail-fixation code; the bone nail and internal fixation step are absent." }] }, { "code" : "708898008", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH represents the closed reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation and the specific instrument (bone screw)." }] }, { "code" : "708900005", "display" : "Closed reduction of fracture of proximal femur and internal fixation using bone wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation or the specific means (bone wire/cerclage wire)." }] }, { "code" : "699143006", "display" : "Closed reduction of injury of epiphyseal growth plate of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the epiphyseal growth plate; MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur broadly, encompassing this procedure but without capturing the epiphyseal target specificity." }] }, { "code" : "239290005", "display" : "Closed reduction of intracapsular fracture of neck of femur and fixation using Smith-Petersen nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for intracapsular neck-of-femur fracture reduction with nail fixation; MLB.LD.AH is the closest available code but does not capture the intracapsular fracture site, the concurrent internal fixation, or the specific Smith-Petersen nail instrument." }] }, { "code" : "313330006", "display" : "Closed reduction of intracapsular fracture of neck of femur and internal fixation using a dynamic hip screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code that combines closed reduction of an intracapsular neck-of-femur fracture with dynamic hip screw fixation; MLB.LD.AH is the best available match but is significantly broader, omitting both the fracture sub-site and the fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "42708009", "display" : "Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to reduction of a separated epiphysis (physeal separation/Salter-Harris injury) of the femur; MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur as a whole and is wider than this anatomically and pathologically specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "25605000", "display" : "Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of humerus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to epiphyseal separation of the humerus; MEB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the humerus in general, making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies a physeal separation injury at the humeral epiphysis." }] }, { "code" : "71849005", "display" : "Closed reduction of separated epiphysis of radius AND ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers closed reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna, or both), aligning with the procedural action and target, but the ICHI code does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other displacement types." }] }, { "code" : "65721004", "display" : "Closed reduction of separation of epiphysis of fibula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code represents closed reduction of the fibula but groups it with tibia as a single paired-bone category, and does not restrict to epiphyseal separation." }] }, { "code" : "26381005", "display" : "Closed reduction of separation of epiphysis of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents closed reduction at the tibia but the code encompasses both tibia and fibula as a unit and does not specify epiphyseal separation." }] }, { "code" : "264966006", "display" : "Closure of congenital umbilical defect", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of umbilical hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAO.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for a structural umbilical wall defect repair; however, it is broader because it does not specify congenital aetiology and is framed around hernia rather than a congenital defect specifically." }] }, { "code" : "37245008", "display" : "Closure of duodenostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.LA.AC", "display" : "Closure of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for closure of a duodenostomy; PTB.LA.AC is the best available match as duodenostomy is a type of enterostomy, but the ICHI code is broader, covering closure of any enterostomy." }] }, { "code" : "38213000", "display" : "Closure of intestinal cutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for closure of an intestinal-cutaneous fistula; \"Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fistula between intestine and skin." }] }, { "code" : "16143009", "display" : "Closure of jejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.LA.AC", "display" : "Closure of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Closure of enterostomy\" covers closure of any surgically created bowel opening (including jejunostomy, ileostomy, and colostomy), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies closure of a jejunostomy." }] }, { "code" : "33131006", "display" : "Closure of nephrocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for nephrocutaneous fistula closure; NAA.MK.AA is the closest available code encompassing repair procedures on the kidney, but is broader as it covers all forms of kidney repair, not fistula closure specifically." }] }, { "code" : "234894007", "display" : "Closure of palatal fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated palatal fistula closure code; KAT.MK.AA is the best match since palatal fistulas most commonly involve the hard palate (e.g., post-cleft palate), but the code is broader as it covers all hard palate repairs without specificity to fistula closure." }] }, { "code" : "445089003", "display" : "Closure of patent ductus arteriosus using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIJ.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal arterial duct closure with transluminal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIJ.LA.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach to PDA closure, which aligns with the fluoroscopically guided technique; however, ICHI does not encode the specific imaging modality (fluoroscopy with contrast)." }] }, { "code" : "232478006", "display" : "Closure of perforation of septum of nose with labial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Septoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for closure of nasal septal perforation using a graft; JAB.ML.AC is the closest within the nasal septum block as it covers reconstructive interventions on the nasal septum, but does not capture the specific technique of perforation repair with a labial graft." }] }, { "code" : "391906003", "display" : "Closure of skin by suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no body-part-unspecified skin repair code that also specifies the technique (suture); LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin not elsewhere classified regardless of body region or means." }] }, { "code" : "1287699001", "display" : "Closure of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "1287700000", "display" : "Closure of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies neck skin only; the ICHI code is the most specific available but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "233239002", "display" : "Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LA.AA", "display" : "Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDM.LA.AA captures the core clinical intent of surgically occluding a systemic-to-pulmonary connection, but ICHI does not distinguish between closure of a surgically created shunt versus a native collateral artery." }] }, { "code" : "698644009", "display" : "Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt by division", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LA.AA", "display" : "Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDM.LA.AA is the closest available code, but ICHI does not encode the specific technique of division (cutting and separating the vessel)." }] }, { "code" : "698645005", "display" : "Closure of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt by ligation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LA.AA", "display" : "Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDM.LA.AA covers surgical occlusion of systemic-to-pulmonary arterial connections but does not distinguish ligation as the specific occlusion technique." }] }, { "code" : "173069005", "display" : "Closure of tracheocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for tracheocutaneous fistula closure; \"Repair of trachea\" is the closest code in the trachea block, but it covers any tracheal repair and does not specify the fistula type." }] }, { "code" : "72749003", "display" : "Closure of ureterocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for ureterocutaneous fistula closure; \"Repair of ureter\" is the best available code in the ureter block, but is broader and does not capture the fistulous tract to the skin." }] }, { "code" : "763092002", "display" : "Closure of urethral fistula with preputial flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for urethral fistula closure specifically; \"Reconstruction of urethra\" is the closest match but does not capture the fistula-specific indication or the preputial flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "313392000", "display" : "Cluster of differentiation antigen count procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0RS1", "display" : "CD4 cell enumeration", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG0RS1 covers CD4 cell enumeration specifically, while the SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing any CD antigen (CD4, CD8, CD20, etc.); from the SNOMED perspective the equivalence is \"wider\" because ICHI is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "1287541008", "display" : "Coagulation of brain tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of brain tissue by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes coagulation; the ICHI code encompasses all destruction modalities (laser, radiation, coagulation, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "1287590008", "display" : "Coagulation of cervix using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.GA.AC represents destruction of cervical tissue by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifically identifies electrocoagulation of the cervix; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all destructive modalities." }] }, { "code" : "27446000", "display" : "Coagulation or electrocoagulation of gasserian ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gasserian ganglion (semilunar/trigeminal ganglion) is a cranial nerve ganglion, and electrocoagulation is a form of percutaneous destruction. AAN.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any cranial nerve or ganglion, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the exact structure and technique." }] }, { "code" : "437121000124101", "display" : "Cobalt modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest available code covering interventions that alter dietary content, but it is far broader than a cobalt-specific modified diet. No ICHI code exists for trace-element-specific dietary modification, so the general food modification code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "228544000", "display" : "Cognitive intervention strategies", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cognitive intervention strategies\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any strategy aimed at cognitive functioning; AUH.PH.ZZ represents structured training targeting higher-level cognitive functions, which is one common implementation but does not encompass the full range of cognitive intervention strategies (compensatory strategies, environmental adaptations, counselling)." }] }, { "code" : "311617007", "display" : "Cognitive neuropsychological language therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUI.PH.ZZ captures training of language mental functions, which corresponds well to the language therapy dimension. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the specifically neuropsychological or cognitive theoretical framing implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702474001", "display" : "Cognitive rehabilitation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cognitive rehabilitation is fundamentally about restoring/training higher-level cognitive functions (attention, memory, executive function), making AUH.PH.ZZ a strong fit. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the rehabilitative (post-injury/illness restoration) context." }] }, { "code" : "252496009", "display" : "Cold dental pulp vitality test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pulp vitality testing (thermal/cold stimulus testing of the dental pulp); the closest available code is KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination), which is wider as it encompasses all forms of dental examination, not just cold pulp sensibility testing." }] }, { "code" : "229585002", "display" : "Cold pack treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cold pack treatment is a specific localised surface cooling modality applied to a body part. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any cooling method applied to any peripheral site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the cold pack modality." }] }, { "code" : "88532006", "display" : "Cold water bath hydrotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cold water bath hydrotherapy involves full-body immersion in water for therapeutic effect, which maps well to hydrotherapy with full immersion. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify that the water is cold — it covers any temperature of full-immersion hydrotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "713143008", "display" : "Collection of arterial blood specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general without distinguishing the vessel type (arterial vs. venous vs. capillary). The SNOMED concept is more specific — arterial puncture — so the ICHI code is broader. No arterial-specific blood sampling code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "446860008", "display" : "Collection of cerebrospinal fluid via ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies collection via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (a shunt tap, a specific access route), whereas the ICHI code covers any specimen collection from the brain ventricles without specifying the shunt approach. The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "472917009", "display" : "Collection of device for submission as specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for collecting a removed implant or device for laboratory analysis; PZX.AH.ZZ is the closest available residual specimen-collection code but is broader as it covers any unclassified specimen collection regardless of whether the specimen is a device or biological material." }] }, { "code" : "768966009", "display" : "Collection of device tip", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for collecting a catheter or device tip as a microbiology specimen; the residual PZX.AH.ZZ is the best available fit, but it is considerably broader, covering any unclassified specimen collection site and material." }] }, { "code" : "66904006", "display" : "Collection of expired gas, quantitative", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Quantitative collection and analysis of expired gas (e.g., metabolic cart, indirect calorimetry) is fundamentally a measurement of respiratory function; JTB.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader as it encompasses any respiratory function measurement rather than the specific technique of expired-gas collection." }] }, { "code" : "764928002", "display" : "Collection of fluid specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for generic fluid specimen collection — the only fluid-specific specimen codes cover named body fluids (pleural, peritoneal, amniotic). PZX.AH.ZZ is the NEC catch-all for specimen collection at any unspecified site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "310216004", "display" : "Collection of sample from mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.AH.XF", "display" : "Specimen collection from oropharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.AH.XF covers specimen collection from the oropharynx, which is the closest ICHI category to an oral/buccal swab; the SNOMED concept targets the mouth broadly (buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue) rather than specifically the oropharynx. KAR is noted in ICHI as also carrying a \"(proposed)\" alias of \"Specimen collection from mouth\", making it the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "439599008", "display" : "Collection of specimen by device", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for device-mediated specimen collection as a distinct concept; PZX.AH.ZZ is the residual \"specimen collection NEC\" category which covers the generic act of collection but is broader because it does not encode the device means and is not site-specific." }] }, { "code" : "698087006", "display" : "Collection of urine via indwelling suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection generally without encoding the route (suprapubic indwelling catheter vs. clean-catch vs. urethral catheter), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the exact collection method and access point." }] }, { "code" : "446775007", "display" : "Collection of urine via indwelling urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB covers urine specimen collection generically, without specifying the route or instrument (indwelling catheter). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the \"via indwelling urinary catheter\" detail that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from other urine collection methods." }] }, { "code" : "705156009", "display" : "Collection of urine via straight catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB is the only ICHI code for urine specimen collection and does not distinguish between straight (in-and-out) catheterisation and other collection routes, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176126008", "display" : "Colonic urinary bladder replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for major bladder reconstruction surgery; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the replacement involves a colonic segment (colocystoplasty/orthotopic neobladder)." }] }, { "code" : "446521004", "display" : "Colonoscopy and excision of mucosa of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.JI.AD is the best available ICHI match for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of the colon, covering endoscopic local excision of a colonic lesion. It is slightly broader because it does not restrict the resected tissue specifically to mucosa, and the colonoscopy component is implicit in the endoscopic means axis." }] }, { "code" : "423736003", "display" : "Color Doppler ultrasound", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Color Doppler ultrasound is a specific ultrasound technique applied to vascular structures, but ICHI does not have a dedicated code for Doppler modality without a specific body-site target; IZE.BA.BJ is the most applicable residual vascular ultrasound code, though it is broader as it covers all ultrasound modalities of unspecified blood vessels and does not capture the Doppler/color-flow specificity." }] }, { "code" : "7510005", "display" : "Color vision examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Color vision examination (e.g., Ishihara plate testing for color blindness) is a functional test of the visual system; BTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of seeing functions broadly under the visual system chapter, which is the closest available ICHI code, but it is wider as it encompasses all tests of seeing functions rather than color discrimination specifically." }] }, { "code" : "183207009", "display" : "Colostomy bag fitting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Colostomy bag fitting is the practical application/attachment of an ostomy appliance to a colostomy stoma; PTD.SN.AC covers management of stoma NEC under the \"interventions on artificial body structures\" chapter, which is the closest ICHI concept but is broader, encompassing all stoma management activities rather than specifically the fitting/application of a collection bag." }] }, { "code" : "236850003", "display" : "Colpocleisis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LA.AC", "display" : "Obliteration of vaginal vault", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Colpocleisis (Le Fort procedure) is surgical closure/obliteration of the vaginal canal for uterovaginal or post-hysterectomy prolapse, which maps well to NMH.LA.AC. The ICHI code specifically names the vault and may not encompass the full-length colpocleisis variants, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "57411006", "display" : "Colpoperineorrhaphy following delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Colpoperineorrhaphy following delivery combines vaginal wall repair and perineal repair as a combined postpartum procedure; ICHI has PAW.MK.AA (repair of perineum) and NMH.MK.AA (repair of vagina) as separate codes with no combined entry and no obstetric-specific modifier. PAW.MK.AA is chosen as the primary component but is wider since it does not capture the combined vaginal and postpartum nature." }] }, { "code" : "112915001", "display" : "Colpopexy by abdominal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AA", "display" : "Vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Colpopexy (sacrocolpopexy) by abdominal approach is well captured by NMH.LC.AA \"Vaginal suspension and fixation,\" which encodes the target (vagina), action (LC = suspension/fixation), and open abdominal approach (AA). The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses all vaginal suspension methods without specifying the sacrum attachment or abdominal route." }] }, { "code" : "176771009", "display" : "Colposcopic laser destruction of lesion of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.GA.AC covers destruction of a cervical lesion, matching the therapeutic intent, but the ICHI code does not encode the laser modality or the colposcopic guidance that specifically characterise the SNOMED procedure. The ICHI code is therefore wider, subsuming multiple destruction techniques (cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "736704001", "display" : "Columelloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the nasal columella; JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nose as a whole, which is broader than columelloplasty (reconstruction limited to the nasal columella). The columella is represented only as an extension/qualifier code (XA4S17) with no dedicated procedure category." }] }, { "code" : "428908000", "display" : "Combined photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A light therapy to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PUVA (psoralen + UVA) is a specific form of phototherapy involving a photosensitising drug combined with UVA light; LZZ.SC.AH covers phototherapy to skin NEC and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not distinguish UVA from other wavelengths, nor does it capture the combined photochemotherapy component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428083009", "display" : "Combined photochemotherapy and ultraviolet B light therapy to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PUVB (psoralen + UVB) is a specific combined photochemotherapy modality; LZZ.SC.AH is the best available ICHI code for phototherapy to skin NEC, but it subsumes all phototherapy wavelengths and does not encode the combined photosensitiser drug component, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252184007", "display" : "Combined pituitary function test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific combined stimulation test targeting the anterior pituitary (e.g., insulin tolerance test combined with TRH/GnRH), whereas ICHI's ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of all endocrine gland functions without specificity to the pituitary or to combined testing protocols. No pituitary-specific assessment code exists in ICHI, so the endocrine gland functions assessment is the closest available code but remains broader." }] }, { "code" : "391114008", "display" : "Combined reversibility", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Combined reversibility\" in clinical practice refers to bronchodilator reversibility testing (spirometry before and after bronchodilator), which is a test of respiratory function; ICHI JTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available code but applies to any test of respiration function and does not capture the combined/reversibility-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385895000", "display" : "Comfort care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated palliative or comfort care assessment code. \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, covering all general health assessments rather than the specific comfort/palliative context." }] }, { "code" : "450938008", "display" : "Commissurotomy of heart valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has valvotomy/dilatation codes only for individually named valves (e.g., HDF.LG.AA closed mitral valvotomy, HDG.LG.AA closed pulmonary valvotomy), with no cross-valve commissurotomy category. The block \"Interventions on heart valves\" (BlockL4-HDE) is the only available representation that spans all heart valves, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "424085009", "display" : "Community outreach worker service case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" in ICHI covers the coordination of a patient's care across providers and services, which captures the core function of community outreach worker case management. However, ICHI's code is broader as it does not specify the community outreach worker delivery modality or the community-based setting." }] }, { "code" : "423944008", "display" : "Community outreach worker services surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Community outreach worker surveillance activities are a form of population-level public health surveillance, making UBC.VC.ZZ the best structural fit. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the community outreach worker delivery mechanism or the community-targeted scope." }] }, { "code" : "405932002", "display" : "Compartmentectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A compartmentectomy is the surgical excision of a muscle compartment (muscle and surrounding fascia, typically for soft-tissue sarcoma), and MRM.JJ.AA \"Excision of muscle of unspecified site\" is the closest available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for compartment-level resection, so the code is broader and lacks site and compartment specificity." }] }, { "code" : "250200001", "display" : "Complement activation measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Complement activation is a component of the immunological system, and DTB.AB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code covering measurement of immunological system functions. However, this ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing all immunological measurements rather than specifically complement pathway activation." }] }, { "code" : "104151002", "display" : "Complement lysis sensitivity test, RBC", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Ham test (acid lysis of RBCs to detect PNH via complement sensitivity) is a functional test of the complement/immunological system; DTB.AC.ZZ (\"Test of functions of the immunological system\") is the best-fitting code using the Test action (AC), but it is far broader than this specific erythrocyte complement sensitivity assay." }] }, { "code" : "9564003", "display" : "Complete blood count with white cell differential, automated", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2XJ6", "display" : "Complete blood count automated", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG2XJ6 directly maps to an automated complete blood count, which aligns well with the automated CBC concept; however, the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the white cell differential component while the ICHI code does not specify whether a differential is included, making ICHI slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "237311001", "display" : "Complete breech delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for breech vaginal delivery; \"Vaginal delivery\" (NME.JF.AC) is the closest available code but covers all vaginal deliveries regardless of fetal presentation. The SNOMED concept is a specific subset (complete breech presentation) of this broader ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "50339005", "display" : "Complete laryngectomy with radical neck dissection, synchronous thyroidectomy and synchronous tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete laryngectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a code for complete laryngectomy (JAN.JK.AA) but no single code encodes the full compound procedure (with synchronous radical neck dissection, thyroidectomy, and tracheostomy); the laryngectomy is the principal/defining component, making this a wider match. The additional components (DFB.JL.AA radical neck dissection, EBA.JK.AA complete thyroidectomy, JBA.LI.AA tracheostomy) would each need separate ICHI codes to fully represent the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303609002", "display" : "Complete removal of fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for removal of a fixed orthodontic appliance (debonding); the closest match is KAE.SM.AC \"Management of external appliance of tooth,\" which is a broad management category covering adjustment, repair, and removal of external dental appliances. The SNOMED concept is a specific removal action within this broader management code." }] }, { "code" : "175140001", "display" : "Complete removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of pacemaker or defibrillator systems via open approach, which aligns well with \"complete removal of implanted cardiac pacemaker system.\" The ICHI code is slightly wider as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and does not specify \"complete\" removal; however it is the closest available match for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "401277000", "display" : "Completion of mental health crisis plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a mental health crisis plan specifically; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) is the closest match as it represents the creation of a person-centred plan as a health intervention. The ICHI code is broader, covering any individualised planning rather than specifically a mental health crisis plan." }] }, { "code" : "6543003", "display" : "Complicated catheterization of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD covers any insertion of a device (including a catheter) into the urinary bladder via an endoscopic/transurethral approach, which captures the core act of urinary bladder catheterisation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish \"complicated\" catheterisation from routine catheterisation, nor does ICHI have a specific \"complicated\" qualifier for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "783295000", "display" : "Composite autograft of skin and soft tissues to head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the head or neck region using any graft type, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a composite autograft (skin plus soft tissue, autologous source) to the head specifically. The ICHI code does not capture the composite (multi-tissue) nature or the autograft qualifier, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "783294001", "display" : "Composite autograft of skin and soft tissues to neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA is the same code used for the head variant and covers both head and neck together as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the neck alone as the destination site; the ICHI code is also broader in not specifying the composite autograft nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "33500009", "display" : "Composite bypass graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for a composite (multi-segment) bypass graft specifically; the closest available code is the residual \"bypass of artery, not elsewhere classified,\" which is broader in target specificity and does not capture the composite construction of the conduit. A body-region-specific code (e.g. HIA.LI.AA for coronary artery bypass) could be more precise if the anatomical site were known, but given the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified and describes a graft construction type, IZA.LI.AA is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "200619008", "display" : "Comprehensive interview and evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the closest ICHI match to a comprehensive interview and evaluation, but it is broader — it does not specify that the assessment is conducted via interview, and \"comprehensive\" implies a more structured multi-domain evaluation than a generic health assessment. PZB.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to the whole person) captures the interview method but omits the evaluative component, making PZB.AA.ZZ the better overall fit despite the wider equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "439999002", "display" : "Compression repair of arterial pseudoaneurysm using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for ultrasound-guided compression repair of a pseudoaneurysm; the procedure is a non-surgical repair technique that can be conceptualised as arterial reconstruction, making IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified) the closest structural match. However, this code is significantly broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the compression technique, or the pseudoaneurysm pathology, and reconstruction (ML) in ICHI typically implies more invasive intervention." }] }, { "code" : "709201008", "display" : "Compression suturing of uterus for atonic postpartum hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Compression suturing (e.g., B-Lynch suture) is a specific surgical technique to mechanically compress the atonic uterus and arrest postpartum haemorrhage, which falls within the broad category of uterine repair. ICHI has no dedicated code for uterine compression suturing or postpartum haemorrhage control of the uterus, making \"Repair of uterus\" the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "133883001", "display" : "Computer assisted image analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.BA.BL", "display" : "Image capture and analysis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.BA.BL covers image capture and analysis performed on any site not elsewhere classified, which encompasses computer-assisted image analysis as a technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the computer-assisted nature, and its \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier places it at a residual/catch-all level rather than being purpose-built for this concept." }] }, { "code" : "68143003", "display" : "Cone biopsy of cervix with dilation, curettage and with repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cone biopsy (conization) of the cervix is a form of local excision of cervical tissue, making NMF.JI.AC the closest available ICHI match. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the additional components of dilation and curettage of the cervical canal and the subsequent repair that are integral to this compound procedure." }] }, { "code" : "419709005", "display" : "Conjunctival autograft to conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for conjunctival autografting; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the broadest applicable code under the conjunctiva block and encompasses surgical restoration of conjunctival tissue, but it does not specify autograft as the technique or distinguish graft source. BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac) is too anatomically specific." }] }, { "code" : "66655001", "display" : "Conjunctival flap, bridge", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bridge (bipedicle) conjunctival flap is a surgical repair technique for the conjunctiva with no dedicated ICHI code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available code, encompassing flap-based conjunctival repairs. ICHI does not distinguish flap subtypes (bridge vs. pedicle vs. partial) at the category level." }] }, { "code" : "112957007", "display" : "Conjunctival flap, partial", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A partial conjunctival flap is another variant of conjunctival surgical repair not individually coded in ICHI; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available match for the same reason as concept 66655001, covering the family of conjunctival flap procedures without flap-type specificity." }] }, { "code" : "54766001", "display" : "Conjunctival flap, total", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a conjunctival flap procedure; \"Repair of conjunctiva\" (BBA.MK.AA) is the closest available code in the conjunctiva interventions block, but it is broader — it covers any repair technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a total conjunctival flap (a specific reconstructive technique, e.g., Gundersen flap). No separate \"flap\" or \"transposition\" code exists under the conjunctiva block." }] }, { "code" : "7798001", "display" : "Conjunctivoplasty with conjunctival graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for conjunctivoplasty or conjunctival grafting; \"Repair of conjunctiva\" (BBA.MK.AA) is the best available match within the conjunctiva interventions block. It is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a plasty procedure using a conjunctival graft as the reconstructive means." }] }, { "code" : "175791008", "display" : "Connection of vena cava or branch of vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a connection (anastomosis) of the vena cava or one of its branches, which may involve either the superior or inferior vena cava or tributaries not individually classified in ICHI. While ICHI has specific codes for superior vena cava (HIB) and inferior vena cava (HIC) interventions, none of those includes a generic \"anastomosis\" code, and \"Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified\" (IZD.LB.AA) best covers the broader concept including unspecified vena caval branches; it is wider because it encompasses all veins." }] }, { "code" : "435651000124106", "display" : "Consistent carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for a consistent carbohydrate dietary pattern; \"Prescription of food\" is the closest concept, covering the clinical act of prescribing a specific food/nutritional regimen, but it is broader than the targeted carbohydrate-controlled diet intended by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1055202002", "display" : "Consistent protein and/or protein derivative diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the carbohydrate diet concept, ICHI lacks a code specific to a protein-controlled therapeutic diet; \"Prescription of food\" is the best available match but is broadly applicable to any food prescription rather than capturing the protein-specific therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "816151001", "display" : "Consolidation antineoplastic chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no chemotherapy-specific or antineoplastic codes; \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified\" captures the act of administering a drug systemically but loses all specificity around the antineoplastic agent, the consolidation phase intent, and the oncological context." }] }, { "code" : "389082000", "display" : "Constipation care", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with defaecation function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTK.RB.ZZ covers practical support directed at defaecation function (the functional domain most directly relevant to constipation care), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all defaecation support, not only care aimed at constipation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "27926003", "display" : "Construction of artificial larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx, which encompasses construction/placement of an artificial (prosthetic) larynx, but it is broader because it also includes other laryngeal device implantations unrelated to a prosthetic larynx; no more specific ICHI code exists for artificial larynx construction." }] }, { "code" : "51609001", "display" : "Construction of artificial pharyngeal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for constructing an artificial pharyngeal valve (a procedure typically used for velopharyngeal insufficiency). KAR.ML.AA \"Reconstruction of oral pharynx\" is the closest anatomical match but is broader, as it covers all pharyngeal reconstruction rather than specifically the construction of a valvular structure." }] }, { "code" : "24914003", "display" : "Construction of canthorrhaphy with transposition of tarsal plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a specific code for canthorrhaphy or tarsal plate transposition. BAA.ML.AA \"Reconstruction of eyelid\" is the best available match as it covers surgical reconstruction of the eyelid structures, but it is broader than this specific procedure involving canthus closure with tarsal plate transposition." }] }, { "code" : "398235007", "display" : "Construction of cecostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LI.AA", "display" : "Colostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated cecostomy code; the cecum has no specific interventional block and is covered under the general colon block (KBP). KBP.LI.AA \"Colostomy\" is the closest structural analogue — both are surgically created openings of large bowel to the abdominal surface — but it is broader and non-specific to the cecum." }] }, { "code" : "236203002", "display" : "Construction of continent urinary reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LI.AA \"Urinary diversion\" covers all forms of urinary diversion including continent reservoirs (e.g., Kock pouch, Indiana pouch), but the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish continent from incontinent diversions. No ICHI code specific to continent urinary reservoir construction exists." }] }, { "code" : "442190001", "display" : "Construction of external stoma of urinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Creating an external urinary stoma (e.g., ureterostomy or ileal conduit) is a form of urinary diversion, which is what NAE.LI.AA represents; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all types of urinary diversion and does not specify that the output is an external cutaneous stoma." }] }, { "code" : "780898009", "display" : "Construction of interposition anastomosis of femoro-popliteal artery graft using tissue engineered blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a highly specific femoro-popliteal bypass using an interposition graft constructed from a tissue-engineered blood vessel, whereas IFA.LI.AA covers any bypass of a lower limb artery regardless of graft material or technique. IFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb) was considered but bypass is the more precise functional description; ICHI has no code specific to tissue-engineered grafts or popliteal artery at this level." }] }, { "code" : "41258003", "display" : "Construction of median tarsorrhaphy with transposition of tarsal plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsorrhaphy with tarsal plate transposition is a reconstructive eyelid procedure involving partial eyelid fusion and structural rearrangement of the tarsal plate, which falls within eyelid reconstruction; ICHI has no dedicated tarsorrhaphy code, and BAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of eyelid) is the closest available code, though it is broader than this specific surgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "1340024002", "display" : "Construction of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.MA.AA", "display" : "Construction of external female genitalia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.MA.AA covers construction of the entire external female genitalia, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the vulva. The vulva is the primary component of the external female genitalia, making this the closest available code, but it encompasses a slightly larger anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "421946003", "display" : "Consultation for acute pain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no consultation code nor any distinction between acute and chronic pain; AXA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pain) captures the evaluative intent of a pain consultation most closely, but it is broader because it does not restrict to acute pain and \"assessment\" subsumes rather than equals a clinical consultation encounter." }] }, { "code" : "420454001", "display" : "Consultation for chronic pain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the acute pain consultation, ICHI does not distinguish consultation encounter types or chronicity of pain; AXA.AA.ZZ is the best available code representing a clinical evaluation of pain, but it is broader and lacks specificity to chronic pain or the consultation modality." }] }, { "code" : "445301000124102", "display" : "Content-related nutrition education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ (\"Education about food\") is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes content-focused nutrition education (i.e. education about what to eat, dietary composition). The ICHI code covers any education about food including safety, security, and access." }] }, { "code" : "416686006", "display" : "Continence assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Continence assessment\" focuses specifically on evaluating bladder and bowel control, and urination function assessment is the closest ICHI code available. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers urination functions generally, while continence assessment may also encompass bowel continence." }] }, { "code" : "243105005", "display" : "Continent urinary diversion care education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes patient education specifically about the management and care of a continent urinary diversion (e.g., Mitrofanoff or ileal reservoir). The best matching ICHI code captures education about urinary functions broadly; ICHI lacks a specific code for urinary diversion education." }] }, { "code" : "238318009", "display" : "Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAPD is a specific modality of peritoneal dialysis performed continuously by the patient while ambulatory, but ICHI only has a single general peritoneal dialysis code without subdivisions for automated vs. continuous ambulatory modalities, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233579007", "display" : "Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis (CAVHD) is a specific continuous renal replacement therapy modality using arteriovenous access; ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique and the closest available code is NAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis), which is broader and covers all forms of renal dialysis regardless of access type or continuous vs. intermittent delivery." }] }, { "code" : "238319001", "display" : "Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a general category without distinguishing the specific modality (continuous cycling vs. continuous ambulatory vs. intermittent). The SNOMED concept is a specific subtype of peritoneal dialysis, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "233583007", "display" : "Continuous hemofiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hemofiltration or continuous renal replacement therapy; NAA.JC.AF \"Renal dialysis\" is the closest available code, but it is broader in that it covers all renal dialysis modalities and does not distinguish hemofiltration from hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis." }] }, { "code" : "180177004", "display" : "Continuous infusion of therapeutic substance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for continuous intravenous infusion of a therapeutic substance; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest match under the whole-body pharmacotherapy application block, but it does not capture the continuous-infusion modality or specify route as intravenous." }] }, { "code" : "1187024002", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation pressure-control inflation-type and assured constant airway pressure adjunct", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation; it covers the entire category without any subdivision by ventilator mode, so it is considerably broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept describing a particular pressure-controlled mandatory ventilation mode with a constant airway pressure adjunct." }] }, { "code" : "1187022003", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-control inflation-type and assured constant airway pressure adjunct in the expiratory phase", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with other ventilation concepts, JTB.DE.AC is the only available ICHI code for mechanical ventilation and does not differentiate by mode (volume-control, mandatory, expiratory CPAP adjunct); the SNOMED concept describes a specific ventilator mode that is far more granular than anything representable in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1187025001", "display" : "Continuous mandatory ventilation volume-targeted pressure-control inflation-type", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for artificial/mechanical ventilation, covering all modes including volume-targeted pressure-control CMV. It is broader because it does not distinguish ventilator mode, targeting strategy, or inflation type." }] }, { "code" : "1186678006", "display" : "Continuous positive airway pressure with an assured constant airway pressure adjunct", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CPAP is a specific non-invasive ventilatory support mode delivering continuous positive pressure; ICHI's only assignable respiratory function support code is \"Artificial ventilation\" (JTB.DE.AC), which encompasses all forms of ventilatory assistance and is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "714749008", "display" : "Continuous renal replacement therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CRRT is a specific, continuous modality of renal replacement (e.g., CVVH, CVVHD) used in critically ill patients, whereas NAA.JC.AF covers all forms of renal dialysis without distinction of modality or continuity; no separate ICHI code for CRRT or haemofiltration exists." }] }, { "code" : "1186733000", "display" : "Continuous spontaneous ventilation with effort support", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a specific assisted ventilation mode (effort-triggered pressure support), but ICHI does not have mode-specific ventilation codes; the only assignable code covering mechanical ventilatory support is JTB.DE.AC, which is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1186731003", "display" : "Continuous spontaneous ventilation with pressure support", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is a specific spontaneous ventilation mode, but ICHI has no mode-specific ventilation categories; JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code that encompasses pressure-support and other assisted ventilation techniques." }] }, { "code" : "180178009", "display" : "Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII/insulin pump therapy) is a specific route and drug combination; PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous administration of any pharmacotherapy and is far broader, but it is the closest assignable ICHI code since no insulin-specific or subcutaneous-infusion-specific category exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "308419002", "display" : "Contraception call", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Contraception call\" is a telephone-based clinical contact where a clinician advises a patient about contraceptive options, which most closely aligns with advising about sexual behaviours in the ICHI health-related behaviour domain. No specific ICHI code exists for contraception counselling calls." }] }, { "code" : "710454008", "display" : "Contracting for positive behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Contracting for positive behavior\" is a structured cognitive-behavioural technique used to reinforce adaptive behaviours; the closest ICHI domain is psychotherapy targeting behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing, but this code is broader as it encompasses any psychotherapy technique in that domain, not specifically behavioural contracting." }] }, { "code" : "410566008", "display" : "Contrast sensitivity test", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Contrast sensitivity testing is a specific psychophysical eye test measuring the ability to distinguish luminance differences, which falls within testing of seeing functions; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all tests of seeing functions (including visual acuity, colour vision, etc.), not contrast sensitivity specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1252668003", "display" : "Control of epistaxis by ligation of artery of internal nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis in the nose broadly, but does not encode the specific method (ligation of artery) or the precise anatomical site (internal nasal artery); the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies both the technique and the target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "81828004", "display" : "Control of epistaxis by packing of posterior and anterior nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC represents control of epistaxis in the nose generally without specifying the packing method or the binasal (anterior and posterior) anatomical extent; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies both the technique (packing) and the dual anatomical coverage." }] }, { "code" : "450572007", "display" : "Conversion to fusion of joint and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LE.AA captures arthrodesis (fusion) of an unspecified joint, which matches the \"fusion of joint\" component of this SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the concomitant external fixation element nor the \"conversion to\" aspect, making the ICHI code broader than (and only partially overlapping with) the full SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "234864001", "display" : "Convert orthodontic buccal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of any external appliance on a tooth, which is the closest ICHI concept to adjusting or converting an orthodontic buccal tube; it is broader because it encompasses all types of tooth external appliance management rather than the specific act of converting a buccal tube." }] }, { "code" : "711069006", "display" : "Coordination of care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Individualised planning\" (whole-person, PZB block) is the closest ICHI concept to coordinating a care plan, capturing the person-centred planning activity; however it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes the coordination act around an existing care plan rather than the planning activity itself." }] }, { "code" : "713126005", "display" : "Coordination of case conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" is the best available ICHI match — it covers inter-professional coordination around a case — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about organising and running a case conference event rather than case coordination in general." }] }, { "code" : "1162437009", "display" : "Coordination of resources to address housing instability", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.TD.ZZ covers collaboration/coordination actions targeting housing services broadly, which encompasses coordinating resources for housing instability. The ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the purpose of addressing instability specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1268686005", "display" : "Coordination of resources to address inadequate housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.TD.ZZ is the best available match for coordinating/collaborating around housing services; ICHI does not distinguish between inadequate housing and housing instability — both map to the same broader collaboration code within the housing services block." }] }, { "code" : "410328009", "display" : "Coping skills case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) captures the case management aspect of this intervention at the whole-person level; ICHI has no code that combines case management specifically with coping skills training, so it is broader, omitting the coping-skills focus." }] }, { "code" : "385721005", "display" : "Coping support assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SDJ.AA.ZZ covers formal assessment of an individual's capacity to handle stress and psychological demands, which is the core of a coping support assessment. The ICHI code is slightly broader as \"handling stress and other psychological demands\" is wider than coping support specifically." }] }, { "code" : "385724002", "display" : "Coping support management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SDJ.PP.ZZ (counselling for handling stress and psychological demands) is the closest active therapeutic intervention in ICHI for coping support management; ICHI offers no single \"coping support management\" code, and counselling for stress/psychological demands is broader." }] }, { "code" : "437131000124103", "display" : "Copper modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification to food/diet without specifying the nutrient or substance being modified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a copper-restricted or copper-altered diet. No ICHI code exists for mineral-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "284026003", "display" : "Core temperature monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of body temperature generally and does not specify that the temperature being measured is the core (central/deep body) temperature as opposed to peripheral or surface temperature." }] }, { "code" : "410456003", "display" : "Corneal pachymetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pachymetry is specifically the measurement of corneal thickness, while the ICHI code covers any measurement of the cornea without specifying the modality or thickness parameter, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "24088005", "display" : "Coronary artery atherectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Atherectomy is a percutaneous, catheter-based technique for mechanically removing atherosclerotic plaque from a coronary artery, a specific form of endovascular obstruction extraction. The ICHI code encompasses a broader set of techniques (including thrombectomy and other extraction methods); no dedicated atherectomy code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1145199001", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is highly granular, specifying conduit (free RITA), proximal anastomosis site (aorta), and distal target vessel (LAD). The ICHI code covers all forms of coronary artery bypass without distinguishing conduit, configuration, or target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "1145198009", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept captures a very specific CABG variant (free RITA to a diagonal branch of the LAD), a level of granularity not represented in ICHI; the single ICHI bypass category is the only reasonable home and is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1149059007", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to marginal branch of right coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept specifies a free RITA graft targeting the marginal branch of the right coronary artery, a granularity that ICHI does not capture; the generic coronary artery bypass code is the closest available category and is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1145200003", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures but does not distinguish conduit type, graft origin, or target vessel (obtuse marginal branch of circumflex artery)." }] }, { "code" : "1148691001", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to posterior descending artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA is the only open coronary artery bypass code in ICHI and does not capture the conduit (free RITA), the proximal anastomosis site (aorta), or the distal target (posterior descending artery)." }] }, { "code" : "1149060002", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to posterolateral branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no codes that differentiate by graft conduit material, origin, or specific distal coronary target; HIA.LI.AA encompasses all open coronary bypass procedures." }] }, { "code" : "1148690000", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from aorta to ramus intermedius artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers open coronary artery bypass without specifying conduit type or target vessel; it does not capture the free RITA conduit or the ramus intermedius as the target." }] }, { "code" : "1156984001", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish composite graft configurations (free RITA anastomosed to the LITA pedicle) or the specific distal target; HIA.LI.AA is the closest available code but is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1156983007", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to diagonal branch of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers all open coronary artery bypass procedures but does not capture the specific conduit (free RITA from LITA), the composite Y-graft technique, or the target vessel (diagonal branch of LAD)." }] }, { "code" : "1155686006", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to intermediate artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA represents open coronary artery bypass in general, with no specificity for the Y-graft configuration (free RITA from LITA) or the target vessel (intermediate artery)." }] }, { "code" : "1155687002", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass grafting using free right internal thoracic artery graft from left internal thoracic artery to obtuse marginal branch of circumflex branch of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA captures coronary artery bypass generically; the specific composite arterial graft configuration (free RITA from LITA) and the target vessel (obtuse marginal of LCx) are not representable in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "232466007", "display" : "Correction of alar collapse using implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the nose, encompassing insertion of an alar implant to correct nasal alar collapse, but it is broader as it does not specify the alar subsite, the structural indication (collapse), or the corrective intent." }] }, { "code" : "91219007", "display" : "Correction of atresia of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Correction of rectal atresia is a reconstructive procedure on the rectum aimed at establishing luminal continuity, which aligns most closely with reconstruction of the rectum; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the indication (atresia) or congenital nature." }] }, { "code" : "180094004", "display" : "Correction of clinodactyly with closing wedge osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closing wedge osteotomy of a finger phalanx to correct clinodactyly is a specific form of osteotomy of the hand or finger bone; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the osteotomy subtype, the affected digit, or the deformity being corrected." }] }, { "code" : "180093005", "display" : "Correction of clinodactyly with osteotomy and bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "When clinodactyly is corrected with both an osteotomy and a bone graft, the bone graft is the defining reconstructive component, making MGB.ML.AA the best single ICHI match; however, this code does not capture the concomitant osteotomy or the specific digit." }] }, { "code" : "396557009", "display" : "Correction of clubfoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clubfoot correction is a reconstructive procedure on the foot involving soft tissue and/or bony components, best captured by Reconstruction of foot; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the deformity, the surgical technique, or the congenital aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "15946006", "display" : "Correction of coarctation of aorta with graft replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.JJ.AA", "display" : "Repair of coarctation of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIK.JJ.AA directly names repair of coarctation of the aortic arch. The SNOMED concept specifies graft replacement as the technique, whereas the ICHI code encompasses all repair methods (patch aortoplasty, end-to-end anastomosis, graft interposition), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "235370009", "display" : "Correction of congenital anorectal malformation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for congenital anorectal malformation correction; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest available code but is broader, as it covers any anus repair rather than specifically congenital malformation correction." }] }, { "code" : "428613004", "display" : "Correction of congenital cardiovascular deformity", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZM.ML.AA is the most encompassing ICHI code for reconstruction of unspecified complex congenital heart malformations, but the SNOMED concept includes the full cardiovascular system (heart and vessels), whereas HZM.ML.AA sits under \"Interventions on heart\" only." }] }, { "code" : "19725004", "display" : "Correction of esophageal atresia", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Correction of esophageal atresia involves reconstructing the oesophagus (typically via anastomosis or interposition graft), which is captured by KBA.ML.AA; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any oesophageal reconstruction, not specifically atresia repair." }] }, { "code" : "231549009", "display" : "Correction of hypotelorism", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypotelorism correction is a craniofacial osteotomy procedure involving repositioning of the orbital-facial bones; MAB.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it is much broader and does not capture the specific orbital/interorbital anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "180096002", "display" : "Correction of radial polydactyly", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.LA.AH", "display" : "Ligation of supernumerary digit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.LA.AH is the only ICHI code explicitly referencing removal/treatment of a supernumerary digit; however, it specifically describes ligation (typically a neonatal technique), whereas radial polydactyly correction is a more complex thumb-ray reconstruction involving excision, tendon/ligament repair, and osteotomy." }] }, { "code" : "231551008", "display" : "Correction of rotational orbital dystopia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rotational orbital dystopia correction involves osteotomy and repositioning of the orbital bony frame; BAM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code targeting the orbit specifically, but it is broader and does not convey the rotational displacement or craniofacial osteotomy approach." }] }, { "code" : "265724005", "display" : "Correction of spinal deformity and anterior instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure: deformity correction plus anterior instrumentation; MBZ.DN.AA captures the instrumentation component but not the deformity correction, making it a partial and broader match." }] }, { "code" : "178754001", "display" : "Correction of spinal deformity and instrumentation with posterior rods and segmental wiring", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept captures a composite procedure — spinal deformity correction combined with posterior rod and segmental wire instrumentation — which ICHI cannot represent as a single combined code. MBZ.DN.AA is the best single-axis fit." }] }, { "code" : "180085005", "display" : "Correction of syndactyly of fingers using skin expander", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated syndactyly or tissue-expansion code for the finger; LAE.LK.AA is the closest structural match for the skin expansion step, but it is broader — it covers any augmentation of upper limb skin." }] }, { "code" : "180084009", "display" : "Correction of syndactyly of fingers using skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for syndactyly correction; LAE.ML.AA captures the operative modality (skin grafting to the upper limb) but is broader — it applies to any skin-graft procedure on the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "699786003", "display" : "Correction of syndactyly with skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated skin-flap or syndactyly code; LAE.MK.AA is the nearest match for the technique of using a local or rotational skin flap to correct syndactyly, but is broader as it encompasses all forms of skin repair on the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "303887004", "display" : "Correction of thumb duplication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Correction of thumb duplication (polydactyly) involves excision of the supernumerary digit and reconstruction of the remaining thumb; PME.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader — it covers finger reconstruction generally." }] }, { "code" : "239631001", "display" : "Correction of tibial pseudoarthrosis by DCIA (deep circumflex iliac artery) bone flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a vascularized free-flap bone graft using the deep circumflex iliac artery (a microsurgical pedicled iliac crest transfer) to correct tibial nonunion/pseudoarthrosis, whereas ICHI MNB.ML.AA covers any bone graft to the tibia or fibula without specifying graft source, vascularity, or the underlying pseudoarthrosis indication." }] }, { "code" : "239630000", "display" : "Correction of tibial pseudoarthrosis by free fibula graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a free fibula-to-tibia graft specifically for correcting tibial pseudoarthrosis (nonunion); ICHI MNB.ML.AA captures any bone graft to the tibia or fibula without differentiating graft source, free vs. pedicled technique, or the indication." }] }, { "code" : "239610004", "display" : "Correction of upper limb congenital ring constriction band", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes surgical release/correction of a congenital amniotic band constriction of the upper limb (excision of the constricting band and Z-plasty); ICHI has no specific code, and LAE.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb) is the closest available match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "231550009", "display" : "Correction of vertical orbital dystopia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Correction of vertical orbital dystopia (repositioning the orbit to correct vertical misalignment via craniofacial osteotomies) is a specific reconstructive orbital surgery; BAM.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match but is broader as it covers any orbital reconstruction without specifying dystopia correction." }] }, { "code" : "252188005", "display" : "Corticotrophin releasing hormone test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The CRH stimulation test is a dynamic provocation test assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, which falls within ICHI's \"Assessment of endocrine gland functions.\" ICHI does not have a specific code for stimulation tests or CRH/ACTH protocols." }] }, { "code" : "252189002", "display" : "Cortisol day curve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cortisol day curve involves serial blood sampling over time to profile diurnal adrenal cortisol secretion, which is an assessment of endocrine gland function. ICHI has no code for serial/diurnal endocrine profiling, making this broader assessment category the best available mapping." }] }, { "code" : "78170006", "display" : "Cosmetic chemosurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cosmetic chemosurgery (chemical peel/chemexfoliation) uses a caustic chemical agent to destroy superficial skin layers of the face, which maps to destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck. ICHI does not distinguish the chemical means or the cosmetic intent." }] }, { "code" : "443814001", "display" : "Cosmetic surgery of nasolabial fold", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cosmetic surgery of the nasolabial fold most commonly involves reduction or lifting of the facial skin/subcutaneous fold, captured by ICHI's reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck. ICHI does not specify the nasolabial fold as an anatomical target." }] }, { "code" : "1281860000", "display" : "Counseling about breathing techniques for relaxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JT2.PP.ZZ is the most specific available counselling code covering respiratory/breathing functions, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the relaxation goal or the specific breathing-technique modality." }] }, { "code" : "297031000112100", "display" : "Counseling about electronic cigarette use", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies electronic cigarette/ENDS use under the tobacco use behaviours block (VAB), making VAB.PP.ZZ the best structural fit; however, the code is broader because it covers all tobacco use behaviours and does not distinguish e-cigarettes from conventional tobacco products." }] }, { "code" : "441201000124108", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using cognitive behavioral theoretical approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ is the single ICHI code for counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours; ICHI does not encode the specific psychotherapeutic approach (CBT) at category level, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441331000124108", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using cognitive restructuring strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ covers nutrition/eating behaviour counselling broadly, but ICHI has no category-level distinction for the cognitive restructuring strategy specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441271000124102", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using goal setting strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for nutrition counselling, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not differentiate counselling by the specific behaviour-change strategy used (goal setting in this case)." }] }, { "code" : "441231000124100", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using health belief model", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not distinguish the specific theoretical framework (health belief model) used to deliver it, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "441261000124109", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using motivational interviewing technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not model the specific technique (motivational interviewing) employed, so the ICHI code subsumes this and other nutrition counselling strategies under a single undifferentiated category." }] }, { "code" : "441291000124101", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using problem solving strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not distinguish the behavioural strategy (problem solving) applied, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441341000124103", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using relapse prevention strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not encode the specific strategy (relapse prevention) used, so the ICHI code is broader and subsumes this concept along with all other nutrition counselling variants." }] }, { "code" : "441351000124101", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using rewards and contingency management strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but does not represent the specific technique (rewards and contingency management) used, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441281000124104", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using self-monitoring strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ covers counselling targeting eating/nutrition behaviours but makes no distinction between specific behavioural strategies such as self-monitoring; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "441241000124105", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using social learning theory approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ captures the counselling-about-eating core but does not encode the theoretical framework (social learning theory) used to deliver it, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "441301000124100", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using social support strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers nutrition/eating-behaviour counselling generically; the social support delivery strategy specified in the SNOMED concept is not represented in ICHI, so the mapping is wider." }] }, { "code" : "441321000124105", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using stimulus control strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ matches the nutrition counselling intent but does not capture the stimulus control technique, meaning the ICHI code is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441311000124102", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using stress management strategy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PP.ZZ represents counselling about eating behaviours without specifying any stress-management technique, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which names stress management as the delivery strategy." }] }, { "code" : "441251000124107", "display" : "Counseling about nutrition using transtheoretical model and stages of change approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Counselling about eating behaviours\" covers nutrition/dietary behaviour counselling but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular theoretical framework (transtheoretical model and stages of change)." }] }, { "code" : "472231000124108", "display" : "Counseling for barriers to achieve adequate housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEE.PN.ZZ covers advising about housing services, systems and policies — encompassing the concept of helping a patient navigate barriers to adequate housing — but the ICHI code is broader (it covers all advising on housing services, not specifically barrier-focused counselling)." }] }, { "code" : "472241000124103", "display" : "Counseling for barriers to achieve housing security", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEE.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about housing services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept focuses specifically on housing security barriers, while UEE.PN.ZZ covers advising on housing services, systems and policies more broadly. It is the best available ICHI match, but is wider as it does not distinguish between adequate housing vs. housing security." }] }, { "code" : "784054000", "display" : "Counseling for congenital polycystic kidney disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "PYA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Genetic counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Congenital polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant/recessive PKD) is a hereditary genetic condition, making genetic counselling the best ICHI match. PYA.PP.ZZ is wider because it covers all genetic counselling regardless of condition." }] }, { "code" : "286711000000107", "display" : "Counseling for depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Depression is fundamentally a disorder of emotional/affective functioning, making AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling targeting emotional functions, nested under interventions on specific mental functions) the best functional match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers emotional function counselling broadly, not only depression." }] }, { "code" : "313070006", "display" : "Counseling for domestic abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBB.PP.ZZ sits under the \"Interventions on family and partner violence behaviours\" block, which directly corresponds to domestic abuse/domestic violence. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses all family and partner violence (including perpetrator-focused interventions)." }] }, { "code" : "702584003", "display" : "Counseling for elective sterilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fertility counselling is the closest ICHI concept covering counselling about reproductive capacity, which encompasses discussion of elective sterilization. However, NUD.PP.ZZ covers fertility counselling broadly (including infertility, assisted reproduction) and is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "313071005", "display" : "Counseling for harmful pattern of substance use", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling for unspecified substance-related behaviours, which encompasses harmful patterns of use across all substance types. The SNOMED concept specifies harmful use pattern specifically, whereas the ICHI code is broader in covering all substance-related and addictive behaviours regardless of harm level or substance type." }] }, { "code" : "472201000124100", "display" : "Counseling for readiness to achieve adequate housing goals", "target" : [{ "code" : "SNC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about acquiring a place to live", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNC.PP.ZZ covers counselling about acquiring housing at the individual activity/participation level. However, ICHI does not capture the \"readiness\" motivational framing or the specific \"adequate housing goals\" focus, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "472191000124103", "display" : "Counseling for readiness to achieve housing security goals", "target" : [{ "code" : "SNC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about acquiring a place to live", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNC.PP.ZZ is the closest individual-level housing counselling code in ICHI, but it frames the intervention as acquiring a place to live rather than achieving housing security goals; the readiness/motivational and security-specific dimensions of the SNOMED concept are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "472221000124105", "display" : "Counseling for readiness to implement housing insecurity care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "SNC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about acquiring a place to live", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is specifically about counselling a patient on their readiness to act on a structured care plan addressing housing insecurity, which is more precise than what ICHI encodes; SNC.PP.ZZ is the best available individual-level housing counselling code but lacks the care-plan-implementation and motivational-readiness specificity." }] }, { "code" : "472211000124102", "display" : "Counseling for readiness to implement inadequate housing care plan", "target" : [{ "code" : "SNC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about acquiring a place to live", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept targets readiness to implement a care plan for inadequate housing — a specific motivational and care-management concept — while SNC.PP.ZZ covers housing counselling in the activities/participation domain more generally without encoding the care-plan-readiness nuance." }] }, { "code" : "445563009", "display" : "Counseling for sexually transmitted disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STD/STI counselling is primarily delivered through the frame of sexual behaviour change (risk reduction, partner notification, condom use), making VEF.PP.ZZ the most appropriate ICHI code; however, VEF.PP.ZZ covers all sexual behaviour counselling broadly and does not restrict to infectious disease contexts." }] }, { "code" : "1366206007", "display" : "Counseling for substance dependence", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling for all substance-related and addictive behaviours unspecified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus specifically on substance dependence (a clinical syndrome). No specific ICHI code exists for \"dependence\" as a severity qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "698505007", "display" : "Counseling for trauma", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"trauma counselling\" code; counselling for psychological trauma is best captured under AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling targeting emotional functions), which is the closest functional target in the mental functions hierarchy. The code is broader because emotional functions encompass more than trauma-related presentations." }] }, { "code" : "440215007", "display" : "Counseling for unwanted pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions related to childbirth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for unwanted pregnancy or pregnancy options counselling specifically; NUG.PP.ZZ is the closest available code as it targets the reproductive/childbirth function domain and encompasses counselling around the full spectrum of pregnancy-related decisions." }] }, { "code" : "440274001", "display" : "Couple psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSM.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for engaging in intimate relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSM.PQ.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering psychotherapy targeting intimate relationship functioning, which aligns well with the dyadic focus of couple psychotherapy. It is slightly broader because it does not restrict to a two-person couple format." }] }, { "code" : "225697000", "display" : "Covering eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Dressing of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Covering eye\" (e.g., applying an eye patch for protection or occlusion therapy) maps most closely to BZZ.DK.AH \"Dressing of eye,\" which is the only ICHI code for applying an external covering to the eye. Slightly wider as it encompasses any eye dressing purpose." }] }, { "code" : "1255223005", "display" : "Cow milk free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cow milk free diet is a clinician-prescribed dietary restriction and maps best to UAB.TI.ZZ \"Prescription of food,\" which captures the act of prescribing a specific food regimen. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any food prescription without capturing the specific allergen-exclusion nature of a dairy-free diet." }] }, { "code" : "73006002", "display" : "Cranial decompression, posterior fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Posterior fossa cranial decompression (e.g., suboccipital craniectomy for Chiari malformation) is performed by removing a portion of the occipital bone — a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code, but is wider as it covers craniectomy at any cranial location and does not specify the posterior fossa site or decompressive intent." }] }, { "code" : "789003", "display" : "Cranial decompression, subtemporal, supratentorial", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subtemporal supratentorial cranial decompression involves removing part of the temporal bone to relieve intracranial pressure, which is procedurally a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code though wider — it does not encode the subtemporal approach or supratentorial location." }] }, { "code" : "59580007", "display" : "Cranial neuroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty is a surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct a nerve, aligning most closely with \"Repair of cranial nerve.\" ICHI's repair code is broader and does not specifically capture the plasty (reshaping/reconstruction) nuance." }] }, { "code" : "416899006", "display" : "Cranial osteopathic manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for cranial osteopathic manipulation; the closest is manipulation of a head or neck joint, which is broader than osteopathic technique applied specifically to cranial bones/sutures rather than a synovial joint." }] }, { "code" : "439499006", "display" : "Craniectomy and excision of infratentorial brain tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (craniectomy approach plus excision of an infratentorial tumor); ICHI captures the primary therapeutic act as local excision of a lesion of the brain, but is broader because it does not specify the infratentorial location or the craniectomy component." }] }, { "code" : "1202019006", "display" : "Craniectomy of base of skull and excision of midline neoplasm of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining skull base craniectomy with excision of a midline brain neoplasm; ICHI's code captures the primary operative objective but does not encode the skull base craniectomy component or the midline/neoplasm specificity." }] }, { "code" : "2968008", "display" : "Craniectomy with treatment of penetrating wound of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Treatment of a penetrating brain wound principally involves debridement of contaminated/damaged brain tissue. The ICHI code does not capture the craniectomy component nor the penetrating-wound mechanism, so it is broader than the full SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "180168006", "display" : "Cranio-orbital remodeling for trigonocephaly", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cranio-orbital remodeling for trigonocephaly is a specific craniofacial reshaping procedure for premature metopic suture fusion; cranial osteoplasty is the closest available ICHI code but is considerably broader, capturing no orbital component, no indication specificity, and no suture detail." }] }, { "code" : "22588001", "display" : "Craniocervical spinal fusion for pseudoarthrosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest match as it covers fusion of the cervical spinal column (encompassing the craniocervical junction); however it does not encode the occipitocervical specificity, the pseudoarthrosis indication, or any craniocervical extension." }] }, { "code" : "1259985002", "display" : "Craniostomy using twist drill", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for twist-drill craniostomy (burr hole technique); MAA.FA.AA covers skull opening/incision procedures broadly and is the closest skull-opening code available, but does not specify the twist-drill technique." }] }, { "code" : "439493007", "display" : "Craniotomy with elevation of bone flap and excision of epileptogenic focus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.FA.AA covers craniotomy as a skull intervention but does not encode the critical second component — excision of an epileptogenic focus in brain tissue. The ICHI code is broader because it omits the therapeutic brain resection that defines this procedure's clinical purpose." }] }, { "code" : "265702005", "display" : "Cranium and facial bone operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for operations on both the cranium and facial bones, matching the organisational block BlockL4-MAA which encompasses both skull and facial bone children. A block code is assigned because no single assignable category covers this combined scope." }] }, { "code" : "699140009", "display" : "Creation of aorto-common carotid artery shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.LI.AA covers an open bypass/shunt of the extracranial carotid artery, capturing the carotid side of this procedure; however ICHI does not separately encode the aortic origin of the conduit, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "47485003", "display" : "Creation of aortomesenteric shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An aortomesenteric shunt is a bypass between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, both of which fall under the abdominal or pelvic artery category. ICHI lacks a dedicated aortomesenteric code, so this broader category code is the closest fit." }] }, { "code" : "119566000", "display" : "Creation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest ICHI code, covering the creation of a CSF diversion from the brain ventricles, but broader — it does not specify CSF as the fluid diverted, nor does it constrain the destination (peritoneal, pleural, atrial, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "235179004", "display" : "Creation of end esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LI.AA covers oesophagostomy as a class without distinguishing between end vs. loop or other variant types, so it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of \"end esophagostomy.\"" }] }, { "code" : "440470008", "display" : "Creation of lesion of gasserian ganglion with neurolytic agent using stereotactic method", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gasserian (semilunar/trigeminal) ganglion is a cranial nerve ganglion, and the procedure is a percutaneous chemical destruction. The code does not capture the gasserian ganglion target specificity, the neurolytic agent means, or the stereotactic technique." }] }, { "code" : "65725008", "display" : "Creation of lumbar subarachnoid-pleural shunt with laminectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures spinal shunt creation in the spinal canal, aligning with the core intent of a lumbar subarachnoid-pleural shunt, but broader — it does not specify the subarachnoid-to-pleural routing, the lumbar level, or the accompanying laminectomy." }] }, { "code" : "171757002", "display" : "Creation of lumboperitoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lumboperitoneal shunt diverts CSF from the lumbar subarachnoid space to the peritoneal cavity, falling within the spinal canal target of ABG. \"Spinal shunt\" is broader because it does not specify the peritoneal destination or the lumbar level." }] }, { "code" : "698973009", "display" : "Creation of programmable cystoperitoneal shunt of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cystoperitoneal shunt of the brain diverts fluid from an intracranial cyst to the peritoneum, housed under interventions on ventricles of brain. \"Ventricular shunt\" is broader as it does not distinguish cyst origin, programmable valve type, or peritoneal destination." }] }, { "code" : "233470008", "display" : "Creation of saphenous vein shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The great saphenous vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD is the most anatomically precise available ICHI target. The code is broader as it does not specify saphenous vein nor use the term \"shunt\" for this target." }] }, { "code" : "265345000", "display" : "Creation of tube esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LI.AA covers creation of an oesophagostomy (an opening/stoma of the oesophagus) which maps well, but the ICHI code does not specify that the stoma is tube-based; it is therefore slightly broader than tube oesophagostomy." }] }, { "code" : "174884009", "display" : "Creation of valved conduit between left ventricle of heart and aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.LI.AA directly matches the structural intervention (conduit from left ventricle to aorta), but the ICHI title omits the \"valved\" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "60501001", "display" : "Creation of ventriculo-jugular shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunts in general without specifying the drainage destination; the SNOMED concept is a specific sub-type (shunting CSF from a brain ventricle to the jugular vein)." }] }, { "code" : "54716007", "display" : "Creation syndactyly of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "PME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for the intentional surgical creation of syndactyly (finger webbing); reconstruction of finger is the closest category under interventions on finger but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "173067007", "display" : "Cricothyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cricothyroidotomy; the closest available code is \"Incision of larynx,\" which is anatomically broader and encompasses but is not limited to this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "232683009", "display" : "Cricothyroidotomy tube insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for tube insertion through the cricothyroid membrane; \"Insertion of device into larynx\" is the closest anatomical match but is broader, covering any laryngeal device." }] }, { "code" : "391045005", "display" : "Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - 24 hr not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish care intensity, episode duration, or setting; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the broadest psychotherapeutic intervention but subsumes all crisis care variants without differentiating them." }] }, { "code" : "391048007", "display" : "Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"daily intensive\" qualifier denotes a care programme intensity that has no equivalent ICHI axis; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the least-specific whole-person psychotherapy code and broader than this structured programme." }] }, { "code" : "391046006", "display" : "Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Full day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Full day day care\" is a care-setting concept not represented in ICHI's action/means axes; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code but is significantly broader." }] }, { "code" : "391047002", "display" : "Crisis/short term interventions in mental health care - Part day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"part day\" qualifier reflects a care scheduling model absent from ICHI; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the broadest matching psychotherapy code but cannot encode partial-day attendance or day-care setting." }] }, { "code" : "72978009", "display" : "Crushing of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crushing a cranial nerve is a specific physical technique used to ablate nerve function, which falls within the broader concept of cranial nerve destruction; AAN.GA.AA does not specify the means of destruction." }] }, { "code" : "77359006", "display" : "Crushing of hemorrhoids", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemorrhoids are anorectal vascular lesions and crushing them is a destructive technique; KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of anorectal lesions by any means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78840003", "display" : "Crushing of nasal septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of nasal septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crushing the nasal septum is a specific destructive technique; JAB.GA.AC encompasses all forms of nasal septum destruction without specifying the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "9316008", "display" : "Crushing of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crushing (neurotripsy) is a specific form of mechanical nerve destruction, so ACA.GA.AA — which covers all modalities of peripheral nerve destruction — is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178923005", "display" : "Cryoablation of bone lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryoablation is a specific means of destruction (freezing), while MRB.GA.AA covers destruction of bone by any means without specifying the site; both the unspecified site and means make this code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1217171003", "display" : "Cryoablation of lesion of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies cryoablation as the technique, whereas JBA.GA.AA captures destruction of tracheal lesions by any method without specifying the cryo means." }] }, { "code" : "105380005", "display" : "Cryoanalgesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.SE.AH", "display" : "Hypothermy for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryoanalgesia is the deliberate application of cold to a nerve to achieve analgesia. AXA.SE.AH covers the same therapeutic intent but is broader as it includes any form of cold application for pain, not specifically nerve-targeting cryoanalgesia." }] }, { "code" : "229582004", "display" : "Cryocuff treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.SE.AH", "display" : "Hypothermy for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cryocuff applies circumferential cold and compression to a limb to reduce pain and swelling; AXA.SE.AH is the best match but is broader, as it does not specify the cryocuff device or the compression component." }] }, { "code" : "90783008", "display" : "Cryoextraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryoextraction in clinical usage refers to intracapsular cryoextraction of the crystalline lens. BBF.JK.AA captures the procedure accurately but is wider because it does not specify the cryo technique." }] }, { "code" : "4344007", "display" : "Cryopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cryopexy is the application of extreme cold to create chorioretinal adhesion, typically for retinal detachment. BCC.MK.AA encompasses all retinal repair techniques without specifying cryotherapy as the means." }] }, { "code" : "37032002", "display" : "Cryosurgery for destruction of lesion of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no uvula-specific destruction code; the uvula target is grouped under the soft palate block. KAS.GA.AC is the only destruction code available for this region, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "82442002", "display" : "Cryosurgery of turbinates", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAC.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of nasal turbinate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target (nasal turbinate) and action (destruction) align precisely; however, the ICHI code's means axis does not specify cryotherapy as the technique, making it broader by not constraining the method." }] }, { "code" : "80800000", "display" : "Cryotherapy of external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept targets the external ear broadly (auricle and external auditory canal), while CAC.GA.AA is specific to the auricle; the cryo means is also not specified, so the ICHI code is broader in technique." }] }, { "code" : "87539000", "display" : "Cryotherapy of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target (eyelid) and action (destruction of lesion) are precisely matched, but ICHI does not specify the means — BAA.GA.AH covers any non-incisional destructive technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "29911008", "display" : "Cryotherapy of iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target and action match precisely, but the means axis encompasses all non-incisional destructive approaches, not cryotherapy specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173447006", "display" : "Cryotherapy of lesion of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth target code; KAZ.GA.AC is broader both in target anatomy (full oral cavity rather than specifically the floor) and in means." }] }, { "code" : "13183007", "display" : "Cryotherapy of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target and action are well matched, but ICHI does not differentiate the destructive technique — NAI.GA.AA covers destruction by any means (cryotherapy, laser, fulguration, etc.), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "176680001", "display" : "Cryotherapy of lesion of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target and action are an exact anatomical and procedural match, but the means axis does not specify cryotherapy as the technique, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "176607001", "display" : "Cryotherapy of lesion of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, encompassing cryotherapy as a destruction method, but the ICHI code does not specify the means nor is it limited to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "190630008", "display" : "Cryotherapy of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to the palate without specifying hard or soft; KAS.GA.AC is the better fit since cryotherapy of the palate most commonly targets the soft palate, but it does not specify the means and excludes the hard palate." }] }, { "code" : "49987006", "display" : "Cryotherapy of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single unspecified-site skin destruction code; all skin destruction codes are body-region-specific. The block BlockL4-LAA is the only body-site-neutral representation but is far broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "231427001", "display" : "Cryotherapy to celiac plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The celiac plexus is an autonomic plexus classified under the peripheral nervous system; ACA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction action, but is broader in target and does not specify cryotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "231419005", "display" : "Cryotherapy to cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of cranial nerve by any means, which is broader than cryotherapy specifically; the means axis does not have a dedicated cold/cryo code." }] }, { "code" : "174340000", "display" : "Cryotherapy to lesion of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AC captures destruction of a lesion or tissue of the anus without incision, semantically very close to cryotherapy applied to an anal lesion; it is slightly wider because it encompasses any destructive modality." }] }, { "code" : "173382008", "display" : "Cryotherapy to lesion of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept does not distinguish hard vs. soft palate, so KAS.GA.AC is the closest single code; it is wider because it covers any destructive modality and presumes soft palate." }] }, { "code" : "307276000", "display" : "Cryotherapy to mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.GA.AC is the residual destruction code for the oral cavity when the specific site is not specified, matching the unspecified anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; it is wider because it includes any destructive method." }] }, { "code" : "174342008", "display" : "Cryotherapy to perianal warts", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AC covers destruction of perianal lesions but does not specify the means (cryotherapy) or target (warts/condylomata); ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171805007", "display" : "Cryotherapy to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.GA.AA captures destruction of a peripheral nerve but does not specify the cryotherapy means; the ICHI code is broader since the SNOMED concept specifies cryotherapy as the modality." }] }, { "code" : "231760002", "display" : "Cryotherapy to retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA correctly targets the retina with a destruction action, but the means axis does not encode cryotherapy specifically, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231416003", "display" : "Cryotherapy to scar neuroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A scar neuroma is an aberrant peripheral nerve growth, so destruction of peripheral nerve is the closest available ICHI category; the code is broader because it does not specify the cryotherapy means or scar neuroma target." }] }, { "code" : "303570006", "display" : "Cryotherapy to sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated destruction code under the sympathetic nervous system block; ADA.ZZ.ZZ is the best-fit residual category for an unspecified intervention, substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "13173008", "display" : "Cryptotomy of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cryptotomy is a specific incision into an anal crypt, a targeted sub-procedure within the broader ICHI category of incision of anus and perianal tissue; no more specific ICHI code exists for anal crypt incision." }] }, { "code" : "406835006", "display" : "Crystal ponceau stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Crystal ponceau is a specific histochemical staining technique used to detect collagen and muscle fibres; ICHI encodes only the broader concept of histopathology with no code for individual staining methods." }] }, { "code" : "432226009", "display" : "CT guided ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code captures percutaneous destruction of a hepatic lesion, the operative mechanism of CT-guided ablation, but the ICHI means axis does not specify CT guidance as the imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "430341000", "display" : "CT guided ablation of osteoid osteoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for osteoid osteoma ablation or image-guided bone ablation; this code captures bone destruction at an unspecified site, losing the CT-guidance and tumor histology specificity." }] }, { "code" : "866218003", "display" : "CT guided aspiration of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CT-guided bone aspiration is functionally equivalent to percutaneous bone biopsy in clinical practice; the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "709546005", "display" : "CT guided aspiration of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the kidney, which subsumes aspiration; the percutaneous means appropriately represents CT guidance, but ICHI does not distinguish CT from other image-guidance modalities." }] }, { "code" : "709655003", "display" : "CT guided aspiration of peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JB.AE represents percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity (paracentesis); the ICHI code is wider because \"drainage\" encompasses aspiration plus catheter drainage and CT-guidance is not distinguished from other percutaneous approaches." }] }, { "code" : "866219006", "display" : "CT guided aspiration of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.JB.AA is the closest available code for fluid aspiration from an unspecified spinal level; the ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the percutaneous/CT-guided approach." }] }, { "code" : "709637007", "display" : "CT guided biopsy of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach and lymph node target; ICHI does not encode CT-guidance as a distinct means, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "711210005", "display" : "CT guided cholecystostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JB.AA", "display" : "Cholecystostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCF.JB.AA captures cholecystostomy (creation of a gallbladder drainage opening), but ICHI does not encode CT-guidance in the means axis, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "16559081000119104", "display" : "CT guided cryoablation of lesion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion, but ICHI does not distinguish cryoablation from other destruction modalities, nor does it encode CT-guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1345265008", "display" : "CT guided dilation of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the urethra without specifying approach or imaging guidance; CT-guidance can be noted as an extension code (XG2209) but is not in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "442861009", "display" : "CT guided drainage of abscess of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage of an unspecified lymph node, but it does not specify CT guidance specifically nor the abscess aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "431611001", "display" : "CT guided embolization", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's embolisation codes are all site-specific; IZE.LA.AA is the closest NEC vessel-occlusion code that is not site-constrained, but it does not encode CT guidance or the embolisation technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "430445005", "display" : "CT guided injection of cervical spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any level, so it is broader than the cervical-specific SNOMED concept; cervical specificity and CT-guidance can only be conveyed via extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "429868005", "display" : "CT guided injection of lumbar spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any vertebral level; lumbar specificity and CT guidance are expressible only through extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "429930009", "display" : "CT guided injection of sacral spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE is the closest assignable code, covering percutaneous spinal nerve injection regardless of level; sacral specificity can only be captured via extension code." }] }, { "code" : "430446006", "display" : "CT guided injection of thoracic spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE covers percutaneous injection into spinal nerve at any level and is broader than this thoracic-specific SNOMED concept; thoracic specificity and CT guidance require extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "442979007", "display" : "CT guided insertion of pleural tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity, aligning with the intent of pleural tube insertion; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify CT guidance and treats the action as drainage rather than tube insertion." }] }, { "code" : "433866007", "display" : "CT guided laser ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Laser interstitial thermal therapy of tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AH captures laser-based thermal destruction of liver tissue; the ICHI code is broader because it refers to \"tissue of liver\" generally rather than specifying a lesion, and CT guidance is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "434312004", "display" : "CT guided laser ablation of osteoid osteoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.GA.AA is the closest available code, but it does not specify laser as the means, the specific bone site, or distinguish a benign tumor from other destructive bone interventions." }] }, { "code" : "711271003", "display" : "CT guided lumbar puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AH.AE covers lumbar puncture performed percutaneously but does not specify CT guidance as part of the base code; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing lumbar punctures performed under any or no image guidance." }] }, { "code" : "16558781000119107", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of left hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated bursa aspiration code for the hip; the closest covers percutaneous drainage of the hip joint broadly, encompassing periarticular fluid aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "16558841000119108", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of left shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific bursa aspiration code exists for the shoulder; the closest is percutaneous drainage of the shoulder joint, which encompasses periarticular fluid drainage including bursal aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "16558601000119105", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific bursa aspiration code for the ankle; the best match is percutaneous drainage of the ankle joint, broader as it does not distinguish bursa from joint space." }] }, { "code" : "16558721000119108", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no bursa-specific code for the hip; the closest available code targets the hip joint rather than the periarticular bursa, and CT guidance/laterality are not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "16558961000119100", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for aspiration of a specific knee bursa; the best available code covers percutaneous drainage of the knee joint itself, anatomically broader than the periarticular bursa." }] }, { "code" : "16558901000119101", "display" : "CT guided needle aspiration of bursa of right shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for shoulder bursa aspiration; the nearest code addresses the shoulder joint broadly rather than the bursa specifically." }] }, { "code" : "433029000", "display" : "CT guided nephrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures percutaneous nephrostomy accurately; CT guidance as the specific imaging modality is not encoded in the means axis, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "439087006", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous aspiration of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous abdominal drainage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAK.JB.AE covers percutaneous abdominal drainage broadly, encompassing aspiration of the abdominal cavity; it does not specify CT guidance and covers any form of drainage." }] }, { "code" : "1156740009", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous drainage of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.JB.AE is a precise anatomical and procedural match; the ICHI code is slightly broader because it does not encode CT guidance as the imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "716748002", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify irreversible electroporation as the destruction technique nor CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "716756004", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of liver lesion/tissue, but does not distinguish the specific energy modality (irreversible electroporation/IRE) or CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "716755000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation ablation of neoplasm of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI correctly captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of lung lesion/tissue, but does not encode the specific IRE modality or CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "764738000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation of neoplasm of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no percutaneous-specific destruction code for the pancreas; the closest available is the unspecified-approach destruction code, broader on approach specificity and energy modality." }] }, { "code" : "737082000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation of neoplasm of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AE", "display" : "Transperineal destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IRE of the prostate is standardly performed via a transperineal approach; ICHI does not encode CT guidance or IRE modality, and the code covers the whole prostate rather than a focal neoplasm." }] }, { "code" : "1356874000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion, but has no laser-specific destruction code for the kidney and does not encode CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1356882000", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous approach and lung lesion target but does not encode CT guidance or the laser energy modality." }] }, { "code" : "1357800001", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous laser ablation of neoplasm of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no percutaneous or energy-specific destruction code for bone; the unspecified-site, unspecified-approach destruction code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "819811000000101", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes percutaneous destruction at the kidney target but does not specify CT guidance or the microwave energy modality." }] }, { "code" : "819801000000103", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion but does not distinguish CT guidance or microwave energy from other percutaneous destruction techniques." }] }, { "code" : "1357777008", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No percutaneous or energy-specific bone destruction code exists in ICHI; this unspecified-approach code is the closest available match but omits CT guidance, percutaneous route, microwave modality, and the neoplasm qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "1366358004", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of the intervertebral disc but does not distinguish the nucleus pulposus, nor encode CT guidance or radiofrequency as the ablative technique." }] }, { "code" : "438791002", "display" : "CT guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of tumor of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest available ICHI bone destruction code is open and unspecified-site; it does not encode CT guidance, RFA, percutaneous approach, or tumor specificity." }] }, { "code" : "429861004", "display" : "CT guided radiofrequency ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion but does not encode CT guidance or radiofrequency ablation as the specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "444811001", "display" : "CT guided radiofrequency ablation of lesion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous destruction of a lung lesion but does not differentiate the specific means of destruction (RFA vs microwave vs cryoablation) or CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "709787009", "display" : "CT guided thoracentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code is the procedural equivalent of thoracentesis; ICHI does not distinguish CT guidance as the imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "432637001", "display" : "CT guided vertebroplasty of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.ML.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The only ICHI vertebroplasty code sits in \"vertebral column, unspecified\"; no cervical-specific vertebroplasty code exists, and CT guidance is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "431496002", "display" : "CT guided vertebroplasty of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.ML.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only one site-unspecified vertebroplasty code, capturing neither the lumbar specificity nor the CT guidance of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432037000", "display" : "CT guided vertebroplasty of sacral spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.ML.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The same single vertebroplasty code applies; neither sacral-level specificity nor CT guidance is encoded." }] }, { "code" : "433034001", "display" : "CT guided vertebroplasty of thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.ML.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only a single site-unspecified vertebroplasty code with no thoracic-level or CT-guidance granularity." }] }, { "code" : "446834007", "display" : "CT of oropharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no CT-specific code for the oropharynx; PAB.BA.BC covers the entire head or neck rather than the oropharynx specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241551006", "display" : "CT of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no CT-specific code for the pancreas; CT of abdomen is the best available match because the pancreas is an abdominal organ." }] }, { "code" : "1343704007", "display" : "CT of pharynx and cervical esophagus with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BD", "display" : "Computerised tomography of head or neck, with intravenous contrast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no CT-specific code for pharynx or oesophagus with contrast; PAB.BA.BD matches modality and contrast specification but covers the entire head/neck region." }] }, { "code" : "1336137009", "display" : "CT of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAE.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no CT-specific trachea code; CT of thorax is the best available match since the intrathoracic trachea is routinely included in thoracic CT." }] }, { "code" : "281508008", "display" : "Cuirasse ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains only a single undifferentiated \"Artificial ventilation\" code with no sub-types distinguishing negative pressure (cuirasse) from positive pressure methods." }] }, { "code" : "252390002", "display" : "Culture and susceptibility", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG50T0 covers only the susceptibility/sensitivity testing component, not the culture step; it is the closest available ICHI code since the culture aspect has no separate match." }] }, { "code" : "273973005", "display" : "Culture sensitivity", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG50T0 is the best available ICHI code but is broader (antimicrobial susceptibility in general) and does not capture the culture component." }] }, { "code" : "442987008", "display" : "Curettage of benign neoplasm of phalanx of finger with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from the bone of the hand or finger; it is broader because it does not specify the autologous bone graft component or distinguish phalanx from other hand bones." }] }, { "code" : "36837001", "display" : "Curettage of benign tumor of clavicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the clavicle under \"bone of shoulder region\" without a clavicle-specific code; MDB.JI.AA covers all shoulder region bones and does not specify the benign nature or curettage technique." }] }, { "code" : "64046002", "display" : "Curettage of benign tumor of scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scapula falls within ICHI's \"bone of shoulder region\"; MDB.JI.AA does not distinguish the scapula from other shoulder bones or capture the curettage technique." }] }, { "code" : "71632001", "display" : "Curettage of bursa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated bursa intervention block; the bursa only appears as anatomy extension codes. MRS.JG.AA is the closest match but is broader, covering all soft tissue sites." }] }, { "code" : "388289006", "display" : "Curettage of chalazion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no chalazion-specific code; chalazion curettage aligns best with local excision of eyelid lesion, though the ICHI code covers any eyelid lesion and does not distinguish curettage from other excision techniques." }] }, { "code" : "83530000", "display" : "Curettage of cyst of scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Curettage of a bone cyst is a form of local excision; the ICHI code is wider as it covers any lesion of the shoulder region bone, not specifically a cyst of the scapula." }] }, { "code" : "172385000", "display" : "Curettage of lesion of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Curettage is a method of local excision and the anatomical target is identical; the ICHI code is marginally wider because \"local excision\" encompasses techniques beyond curettage." }] }, { "code" : "172216007", "display" : "Curettage of lesion of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Curettage of an eyelid lesion is a specific technique for local excision; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers all local excision methods on the eyelid, not curettage alone." }] }, { "code" : "450588007", "display" : "Curettage of lesion of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is wider because it also includes the neck and subcutaneous cell tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to skin of the head." }] }, { "code" : "450587002", "display" : "Curettage of lesion of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the correct anatomical region (head or neck) and captures local removal of skin tissue, but \"local excision\" is broader than curettage specifically." }] }, { "code" : "87591000", "display" : "Curettage of skin lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures local removal of skin tissue without specifying body site, but local excision is broader than curettage as a technique, and the NEC qualifier indicates a residual category." }] }, { "code" : "2214008", "display" : "Curette test of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The curette test (e.g., Darier's sign) is a diagnostic skin assessment; ICHI's NEC skin assessment code captures the diagnostic intent but is broader, subsuming many other skin assessment methods." }] }, { "code" : "180226000", "display" : "Cut-down intravenous injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the open/cut-down technique or distinguish injection from cannulation." }] }, { "code" : "274503006", "display" : "Cut-down venous cannulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA captures device insertion into a vein but does not encode the open/surgical (cut-down) approach or distinguish cannulation specifically from other device insertions." }] }, { "code" : "252769007", "display" : "Cutaneous reflex studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of motor reflexes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MVB.AC.ZZ covers testing of motor reflexes broadly but is wider in that it is not limited to cutaneous stimulus modalities and encompasses all motor reflex testing." }] }, { "code" : "713550003", "display" : "Cyclophosphamide therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not represent drug-specific therapies; PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of any pharmacotherapy agent, semantically broader than the SNOMED concept naming cyclophosphamide." }] }, { "code" : "80945002", "display" : "Cystoproctostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cystoproctostomy is a specific anastomosis between the urinary bladder and rectum; NAI.LB.AA covers bladder anastomosis generically without specifying the rectal limb." }] }, { "code" : "236194007", "display" : "Cystoscopic adjustment of ureteric stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.SN.AC covers management of an internal ureteric device, but is broader — it does not specify the cystoscopic approach or the specific nature of the intervention as an \"adjustment.\"" }] }, { "code" : "176068005", "display" : "Cystoscopic dilation of ureter for calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LH.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LH.AD is the closest match to cystoscopic dilation in the context of ureteral calculus; ICHI does not encode the calculus indication, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "176101004", "display" : "Cystoscopic dilation of ureteric orifice", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ureteric orifice is anatomically part of the ureter, but ICHI does not have a code specific to dilation of the orifice alone, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "386800008", "display" : "Cystoscopic hydrostatic distension of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for endoscopic bladder enlargement/dilatation; it does not specify the hydrostatic technique used in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176064007", "display" : "Cystoscopic laser lithotripsy of ureteric calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JE.AD", "display" : "Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.JE.AD covers transurethral extraction, the clinical goal of laser lithotripsy, but ICHI does not have a code specifically for laser-based stone fragmentation in the ureter." }] }, { "code" : "236191004", "display" : "Cystoscopic upward disimpaction of ureteric calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JE.AD", "display" : "Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures transurethral calculus extraction from the ureter but does not specify the \"upward disimpaction\" (retropulsion) technique." }] }, { "code" : "176083000", "display" : "Cystoscopic ureteric sampling of urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.AE.AD", "display" : "Ureteroscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for cystoscopic ureteric catheterisation to collect urine; ureteroscopy is the closest endoscopic ureter procedure but is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "446546004", "display" : "Cystoscopy and lithotripsy of calculus of bladder using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JE.AD", "display" : "Transurethral extraction of calculus from bladder via cystoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JE.AD captures cystoscopic extraction of a bladder calculus but does not specify the laser as the destructive means." }] }, { "code" : "176136000", "display" : "Cystostomy and insertion of suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD covers accessing the bladder and inserting a device; it is wider because it does not encode the percutaneous/suprapubic approach specifically, nor the cystostomy creation step." }] }, { "code" : "439497008", "display" : "Cystourethroscopy and excision of internal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic resection of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The internal urethral sphincter is anatomically located at the bladder neck; the ICHI code is wider as it refers to the bladder neck generally rather than specifically to the sphincter tissue." }] }, { "code" : "79181001", "display" : "Cystourethroscopy with dilation of urethral stricture", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.LG.AD captures the endoscopic dilatation action on the urethra; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the indication is a stricture." }] }, { "code" : "168440009", "display" : "Cytology examination - general", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4JJ6 is the ICHI extension code for cytology generally and subsumes all cytology testing." }] }, { "code" : "8796000", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure requiring centrifugation, nongenital source", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4JJ6 covers cytology broadly and does not differentiate by processing technique or specimen source." }] }, { "code" : "44977009", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, cell block preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cell block preparation is a specific cytopathology technique not represented in ICHI; the general Cytology extension code is the closest available concept." }] }, { "code" : "48595005", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, filtering of smear, nongenital source", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Smear filtering is a specific specimen preparation method not coded in ICHI; only the general Cytology code is available." }] }, { "code" : "787370003", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, imprint preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Imprint (touch) preparation is a distinct cytological technique with no dedicated ICHI code; the general Cytology extension code is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "104163007", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, preparation of smear and interpretation, non-genital source", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This compound procedure (preparation + interpretation, non-genital) is not modelled at this granularity in ICHI; only the broad Cytology code is available." }] }, { "code" : "88242007", "display" : "Cytopathology procedure, preparation, screening and interpretation, nongenital source", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the full cytopathology workflow for non-genital specimens, which ICHI does not model at this detail; only the broad Cytology code is available." }] }, { "code" : "31385005", "display" : "Cytopathology screening of smear, routine, nongenital source, by cytotechnologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for routine nongenital cytotechnologist smear screening; the genital Pap codes do not apply, leaving the general Cytology code as the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "359825008", "display" : "Cytopathology, review of bronchioalveolar lavage specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific BAL cytology code exists in ICHI; the broad Cytology extension code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "104160005", "display" : "Cytopathology, review of slides and report, Bethesda System, genital source, by physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.AH.XH covers genital cytology (cervical Pap smear) but does not encode slide review, the Bethesda System, or physician role." }] }, { "code" : "104161009", "display" : "Cytopathology, review of slides and report, CSF", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No CSF-specific cytology code exists; the broad Cytology extension code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "359828005", "display" : "Cytopathology, review of slides and report, fluids, washings or brushings, by physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4JJ6 covers cytology generally without distinguishing source material or reviewer; broader than this concept." }] }, { "code" : "288105009", "display" : "Cytotoxic superficial application", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available match; covers topical drug delivery generally without restriction to cytotoxic agents." }] }, { "code" : "225172000", "display" : "Dabbing stoma dry", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dabbing dry is a specific nursing task within general stoma management; ICHI provides only the broader stoma management code." }] }, { "code" : "72411001", "display" : "Dacryoadenectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dacryoadenectomy targets the lacrimal gland specifically, while BAD.JK.AA encompasses excision of the entire lacrimal apparatus." }] }, { "code" : "231631004", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy and insertion of tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LI.AA", "display" : "Dacryocystorhinostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the DCR procedure directly but does not capture the additional tube insertion." }] }, { "code" : "75745001", "display" : "Dacryocystotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dacryocystotomy is incision of the lacrimal sac specifically; ICHI codes incision of the lacrimal apparatus as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "183398005", "display" : "Daily life psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a daily-life specific psychotherapy code; the residual whole-person psychotherapy code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "266743001", "display" : "Daily life rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4691 is a generic rehabilitation extension code; the SNOMED concept is more specific to daily-life rehabilitation." }] }, { "code" : "252412007", "display" : "Dairy food test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.AC", "display" : "Food provocation test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dairy food test is a specific food challenge; ICHI codes food provocation tests broadly without specifying the food." }] }, { "code" : "53953003", "display" : "Dark adaptation study", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dark adaptation is a specific psychophysical test of rod/cone function; ICHI offers only generic eye assessment." }] }, { "code" : "1148737009", "display" : "Debridement of abscess of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Covers debridement of the penis generally without specifying the abscess aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "72842003", "display" : "Debridement of forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish forefoot from other foot regions; covers all foot/toe bones." }] }, { "code" : "63821006", "display" : "Debridement of hindfoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish hindfoot from other foot regions; covers all foot/toe bones." }] }, { "code" : "448932000", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of carpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No carpal-specific debridement code; ICHI groups carpal bones under the forearm region and does not encode the open-fracture context." }] }, { "code" : "81203002", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anatomical match for the femur; the open-fracture context is not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "19417000", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anatomical match for the foot; open-fracture context not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "449685002", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of lower leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Direct anatomical match for tibia/fibula; the open-fracture context is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "448933005", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of metacarpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Metacarpal bones fall within hand/finger bone scope; ICHI does not isolate metacarpals or encode open-fracture context." }] }, { "code" : "448890009", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of patella", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMP.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of patella", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Direct anatomical match for the patella; open-fracture context is not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "39558001", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of phalanges of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phalanges fall within hand/finger bone scope; ICHI does not isolate phalanges or encode open-fracture context." }] }, { "code" : "74967000", "display" : "Debridement of open fracture of radius AND ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radius and ulna are forearm bones; ICHI does not distinguish individual forearm bones or encode the open-fracture context." }] }, { "code" : "235471009", "display" : "Debridement of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Covers the pancreatic component but does not capture peripancreatic tissue or necrosectomy specificity." }] }, { "code" : "446162003", "display" : "Debridement of shin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shin is a subregion of the lower limb; ICHI has no shin-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "450671005", "display" : "Debridement of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Near-exact terminology but the ICHI code sits under the musculoskeletal soft tissue NEC block." }] }, { "code" : "446526009", "display" : "Debulking of neoplasm of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no debulking-specific code; local excision of ovarian lesion is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "171655002", "display" : "Decompression of abducens nerve (VI)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171661004", "display" : "Decompression of accessory nerve (XI)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171658000", "display" : "Decompression of acoustic nerve (VIII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "70299008", "display" : "Decompression of auditory nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Auditory nerve is CN VIII; ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "405308002", "display" : "Decompression of axillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No axillary-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match." }] }, { "code" : "302130002", "display" : "Decompression of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spinal canal release is the operative mechanism; ICHI does not specify spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "23518000", "display" : "Decompression of cranial ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cranial ganglia fall under the cranial nerve target block; the code does not specify the ganglion or individual nerve." }] }, { "code" : "265228007", "display" : "Decompression of facial nerve (VII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171659008", "display" : "Decompression of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171662006", "display" : "Decompression of hypoglossal nerve (XII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "473217009", "display" : "Decompression of intervertebral disc prolapse", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discectomy decompresses prolapse; ICHI is not restricted to a prolapse indication or specific spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "1303622000", "display" : "Decompression of left median nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Generic peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not median-nerve- or laterality-specific (laterality via extension)." }] }, { "code" : "302129007", "display" : "Decompression of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spinal canal release; ICHI is not restricted to the lumbar level." }] }, { "code" : "171850009", "display" : "Decompression of median nerve at elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Equivalent to peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not site- or nerve-specific." }] }, { "code" : "171653009", "display" : "Decompression of oculomotor nerve (III)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171652004", "display" : "Decompression of optic nerve (II)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "447769005", "display" : "Decompression of popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No popliteal-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match." }] }, { "code" : "1303623005", "display" : "Decompression of right median nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Generic peripheral nerve release; ICHI is not median-nerve- or laterality-specific." }] }, { "code" : "405307007", "display" : "Decompression of subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No subclavian-specific release code; NEC blood vessel release is the only available match." }] }, { "code" : "230980002", "display" : "Decompression of temporal section of facial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves or their segments." }] }, { "code" : "178207004", "display" : "Decompression of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No tendon-sheath-specific code; ICHI targets the tendon at unspecified site." }] }, { "code" : "171656001", "display" : "Decompression of trigeminal nerve (V)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish individual cranial nerves." }] }, { "code" : "171654003", "display" : "Decompression of trochlear nerve (IV)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trochlear nerve (CN IV) is a cranial nerve and AAN.FC.AA covers release of any cranial nerve without identifying which one." }] }, { "code" : "171849009", "display" : "Decompression of ulnar nerve at elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulnar nerve is a peripheral nerve; ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve without specifying nerve identity or anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "171838003", "display" : "Decompression of ulnar nerve at wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve and does not distinguish the ulnar nerve or the wrist as the site of decompression." }] }, { "code" : "171660003", "display" : "Decompression of vagus nerve (X)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve; AAN.FC.AA captures release of any cranial nerve without specifying which one." }] }, { "code" : "363051003", "display" : "Decompressive fasciotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fasciotomy is incision through the fascia (a soft tissue layer) for compartment decompression; MRS.FA.AA is the closest available code but does not specify fascia, site, or decompressive intent." }] }, { "code" : "363052005", "display" : "Decompressive incision of musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated decompressive incision/fasciotomy code; soft tissue incision at an unspecified musculoskeletal site is the closest available match without encoding decompressive intent." }] }, { "code" : "409530006", "display" : "Decontamination", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.VL.ZZ", "display" : "Environmental remediation or decontamination to reduce threats to health, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes decontamination only as an environmental intervention, whereas the SNOMED concept is broader (patient/equipment); UB1.VL.ZZ is the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "4443002", "display" : "Decortication of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ovarian decortication strips the thickened cortex (a form of partial tissue removal); ICHI has no dedicated decortication code, so partial excision is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "436691000124108", "display" : "Decreased carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A carbohydrate-restricted diet has no specific ICHI code; UAB.TI.ZZ covers prescription of food generally without specifying the macronutrient restricted." }] }, { "code" : "437631000124106", "display" : "Decreased casein diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Casein restriction is not represented in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the closest available match as the general code for food prescription interventions." }] }, { "code" : "436711000124106", "display" : "Decreased cholesterol diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dietary cholesterol restriction is not separately encoded in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the best available match as the general food prescription category." }] }, { "code" : "1148496003", "display" : "Decreased complex carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Complex carbohydrate restriction is not distinguished in ICHI; UAB.TI.ZZ is the best available match at a broader level of food prescription." }] }, { "code" : "436731000124100", "display" : "Decreased energy diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food (including caloric restriction) without specifying the type of modification or nutrient targeted." }] }, { "code" : "1055207008", "display" : "Decreased fat and oil diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no fat-restriction-specific code; UAB.DA.ZZ (food modification) is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "437641000124101", "display" : "Decreased gluten diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no gluten-free or gluten-restriction code; UAB.DA.ZZ is the best available match as a broader category encompassing dietary substance restriction." }] }, { "code" : "1142125005", "display" : "Decreased linoleic acid diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Linoleic acid restriction has no ICHI equivalent; UAB.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable code, covering any modification of food composition." }] }, { "code" : "1156444001", "display" : "Decreased plant fiber diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a fiber-restriction code; UAB.DA.ZZ generically covers modifications to food content within which fiber reduction would fall." }] }, { "code" : "1055201009", "display" : "Decreased protein and/or protein derivative diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI offers no protein-specific dietary code; UAB.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable food modification match." }] }, { "code" : "1148499005", "display" : "Decreased simple carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no sugar/simple-carb-specific code; UAB.DA.ZZ generic food modification is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "437601000124103", "display" : "Decreased tyramine diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tyramine-restricted diet (typically prescribed alongside MAOI therapy) has no specific ICHI code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures the general concept of modifying dietary content." }] }, { "code" : "231125003", "display" : "Deep cervical plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific cervical plexus block code; ACA.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a peripheral nerve and is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "419404004", "display" : "Deep lamellar keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Keratoplasty covers the broader class of corneal grafting procedures; ICHI does not distinguish lamellar from penetrating approaches." }] }, { "code" : "413955007", "display" : "Deep sclerectomy with collagen implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Deep sclerectomy is a non-penetrating glaucoma filtration procedure that creates a scleral drainage window; ICHI does not encode the collagen implant variant or the non-penetrating technique." }] }, { "code" : "426966006", "display" : "Deep sclerectomy with spacer", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the collagen-implant variant, the spacer technique is a non-penetrating glaucoma drainage procedure; ICHI captures neither the technique nor the spacer device specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1156668000", "display" : "Deferasirox therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator; ICHI has no chelation- or drug-specific code, so per-orifice pharmacotherapy administration is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "225085000", "display" : "Deflating indwelling urethral catheter balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to deflating a Foley catheter balloon; this code is the broadest applicable maintenance category for an indwelling urinary catheter." }] }, { "code" : "711416001", "display" : "Dega osteotomy of pelvic bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish named pelvic osteotomy variants; osteotomy of pelvis subsumes the Dega procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1303236001", "display" : "Delayed clamping of umbilical cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.LA.AH", "display" : "Umbilical cord clamping", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.LA.AH covers umbilical cord clamping in general but does not encode the delayed timing aspect that defines this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440000004", "display" : "Delayed insertion of distal extension prosthesis of descending thoracic aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIG.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches the anatomical target and insertion action but does not specify the distal extension prosthesis (TEVAR component) nor the staged/delayed nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "65243006", "display" : "Delivery by midwife", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode provider type (midwife) within delivery codes; vaginal delivery is the closest procedural match since midwife-led deliveries are predominantly vaginal." }] }, { "code" : "61586001", "display" : "Delivery by vacuum extraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a successful vacuum extraction delivery code; vaginal delivery is the closest available match but does not distinguish vacuum-assisted from unassisted delivery." }] }, { "code" : "384730009", "display" : "Delivery of cephalic presentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode fetal presentation as a dimension of delivery codes; vaginal delivery is the closest match since cephalic is the normal presenting part." }] }, { "code" : "16819009", "display" : "Delivery of face presentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode fetal presentation type within delivery codes; face presentation delivery is still classified as a vaginal delivery in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "450798003", "display" : "Delivery of occipitoposterior presentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies delivery only by route (vaginal vs caesarean) and does not subdivide by fetal head position; the ICHI code subsumes occipitoposterior deliveries." }] }, { "code" : "384729004", "display" : "Delivery of vertex presentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vertex (cephalic) presentation is the standard position for vaginal delivery; ICHI does not stratify NME.JF.AC by fetal presentation type." }] }, { "code" : "67487000", "display" : "Delta base, blood", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG8DL0", "display" : "Blood pH and gases", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delta base (change in base excess) is a derived acid-base parameter from arterial blood gas analysis; XG8DL0 covers the full blood gas panel rather than the specific delta base parameter." }] }, { "code" : "711080006", "display" : "Demonstration of relaxation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Demonstrating a relaxation technique is a specific form of training patients in stress and psychological demand management; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the full range of stress-handling training, not only relaxation technique demonstration." }] }, { "code" : "448338006", "display" : "Denervation of spinal facet joint of cervical vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Facet joint denervation targets the medial branch of the cervical dorsal ramus (not the spinal nerve root proper), and ABN.GA.AE does not specify the cervical level or the facet joint-specific nerve supply, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "448693009", "display" : "Denervation of spinal facet joint of lumbar vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbar facet denervation (medial branch ablation) maps to the same percutaneous spinal nerve destruction code, which does not distinguish the lumbar level or the facet joint-specific nerve target." }] }, { "code" : "448694003", "display" : "Denervation of spinal facet joint of thoracic vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thoracic facet joint denervation via medial branch ablation maps to the same ICHI code for percutaneous spinal nerve root destruction; the code covers the concept but is broader, lacking thoracic level and facet-specific nerve specification." }] }, { "code" : "700139004", "display" : "Denosumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Denosumab (a subcutaneous RANK-L inhibitor monoclonal antibody) is administered percutaneously, but PZA.DB.AE covers any percutaneous pharmacotherapy and does not capture the specific drug, drug class, or therapeutic indication." }] }, { "code" : "225362009", "display" : "Dental care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAE", "display" : "Interventions on teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dental care\" is a broad umbrella term with no single assignable ICHI category; the block BlockL5-KAE groups all interventions on teeth and is the closest structural equivalent, making it wider relative to any specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "87189000", "display" : "Dental debridement", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JG.AC", "display" : "Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JG.AC is the specific ICHI code for dental debridement but bundles scaling and polishing together with debridement, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept of debridement alone." }] }, { "code" : "81733005", "display" : "Dental surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAE", "display" : "Interventions on teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dental surgical procedure\" is a high-level category encompassing multiple specific surgeries; no single assignable ICHI category represents it as a class, so the block grouping all interventions on teeth is the most appropriate, broader structural equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "773298008", "display" : "Dental trauma consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Dental examination\" is the closest available code covering clinical assessment of the dentition, but it does not capture the specific context of trauma or the report/documentation component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385938002", "display" : "Denture care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for denture or removable prosthesis assessment; \"Dental examination\" is the closest available code under \"Interventions on teeth\" and encompasses clinical oral/dental assessment, but is broader than the SNOMED concept which is scoped specifically to denture status." }] }, { "code" : "385939005", "display" : "Denture care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A denture is an external dental appliance, and \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the best structural match available in ICHI for managing a removable dental prosthesis; the ICHI code is broader since it applies to any external tooth appliance." }] }, { "code" : "37236007", "display" : "Dermabrasion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dermabrasion is a mechanical debridement of superficial skin layers performed without incision, mapping to the ICHI debridement-without-incision action on skin; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all forms of non-incisional skin debridement across any body site." }] }, { "code" : "59601001", "display" : "Dermabrasion of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dermabrasion of the face is a mechanical non-incisional debridement of skin in the head/neck region; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any non-incisional debridement technique in that region, not only dermabrasion of the face specifically." }] }, { "code" : "443540002", "display" : "Dermabrasion of tattoo of external genitalia", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "External genitalia skin is not covered by the anatomically-specific skin debridement codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb), so the NEC residual code is the best available match; broader as it does not specify site, technique, or the tattoo-removal purpose." }] }, { "code" : "443541003", "display" : "Dermabrasion of tattoo of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Extremity\" is ambiguous between upper and lower limb, and ICHI has separate codes for upper (LAE) and lower (LAG) limb debridement, making the NEC code the appropriate choice when laterality is unspecified; broader because it does not specify site, technique, or the tattoo-removal indication." }] }, { "code" : "33725003", "display" : "Dermal-fat skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2SS9", "display" : "Full thickness skin graft (autograft)", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dermal-fat graft is a composite autograft comprising dermis and subcutaneous fat, closely related to a full-thickness skin graft (which includes the full dermis and may include some subcutaneous fat); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers all full-thickness autografts." }] }, { "code" : "2716009", "display" : "Dermal-fat-fascia graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's skin graft NEC captures the graft of integumentary (dermal) tissue, but the SNOMED concept involves a composite graft of dermis, fat, and fascia together — a more precise multi-tissue construct that ICHI does not represent at this granularity." }] }, { "code" : "30078008", "display" : "Dermatology consultation and report, brief", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specialty-specific consultation code for dermatology; the closest available code is the whole-person general health assessment, which is broader in scope and does not distinguish brief from comprehensive encounter complexity." }] }, { "code" : "25028003", "display" : "Dermatology consultation and report, comprehensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dermatology-specific or complexity-differentiated consultation code; the general health assessment is the best available match but is broader, covering any specialty and without capturing the comprehensive complexity level." }] }, { "code" : "13745000", "display" : "Dermographia test", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AC.AE", "display" : "Intradermal skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dermographia test is a specific form of skin provocation testing (applying firm pressure/stroking to elicit a urticarial response); LZZ.AC.AE is the closest available code in the integumentary system block, though broader as it covers intradermal challenges generally rather than mechanical dermographia." }] }, { "code" : "12599003", "display" : "Deroofing procedure on vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Deroofing of a vertebra (resection of the posterior arch/lamina to decompress the spinal canal) is a form of partial vertebral bone removal; broader as it encompasses any partial vertebral bone resection regardless of the specific surgical intent." }] }, { "code" : "722186004", "display" : "Descemet's membrane automated endothelial keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only a single keratoplasty code with no sub-types for specific lamellar or endothelial techniques; DMEK, DMAEK, and DSAEK all map to this one code, broader as it does not distinguish the automated, Descemet's membrane-specific variant." }] }, { "code" : "722185000", "display" : "Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DMEK is a specific posterior lamellar corneal transplant technique targeting the endothelium and Descemet's membrane exclusively; ICHI does not classify individual keratoplasty variants, so the single BBB.ML.AA code subsumes all keratoplasty types." }] }, { "code" : "722184001", "display" : "Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DSAEK is a specific endothelial keratoplasty technique; as with the other DMEK variants, ICHI has no code at this level of granularity, and BBB.ML.AA is the single available keratoplasty code that encompasses it." }] }, { "code" : "421266004", "display" : "Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.KD.AA", "display" : "Corneal transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DSEK is a selective posterior lamellar corneal transplant technique targeting only the endothelial layer; BBB.KD.AA covers the broader category of corneal transplantation without specifying the endothelial-only, Descemet-stripping approach." }] }, { "code" : "10536000", "display" : "Desiccation of lesion of penis using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.GA.AA captures the correct target (penis) and action (destruction of lesion) but does not specify the means (electrical energy/desiccation); broader because it encompasses all destruction modalities." }] }, { "code" : "16593004", "display" : "Destruction of benign facial lesions, first lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.GA.AH covers destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck region (not facial skin specifically), and it does not encode the qualifier \"benign\" or the \"first lesion\" counting context." }] }, { "code" : "230859007", "display" : "Destruction of brain tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.GA.AA captures destruction of brain lesion or tissue by any method, aligning well with brain tumor destruction, but the ICHI code does not specify the neoplastic nature of the target and covers non-tumour lesions as well." }] }, { "code" : "82948008", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.AH matches exactly on target (chorioretinal lesion) and action (destruction), but the means axis AH (\"without incision/non-specified surface approach\") does not explicitly encode diathermy as the technique, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "63831004", "display" : "Destruction of endometriotic cyst of intraabdominal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.GA.AA covers destruction of peritoneal tissue broadly; the closest structural match (peritoneum is the primary location of intraabdominal endometriotic cysts) but lacks specificity for endometriosis or cyst type." }] }, { "code" : "446555001", "display" : "Destruction of eyelash follicle using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of skin appendage of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Eyelash follicles are skin appendages of the head; LBA.GA.AA covers the target anatomy and action correctly, but the means axis is AA (open/unspecified) rather than laser, and it encompasses all skin appendages of head/neck." }] }, { "code" : "450343005", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, ducts, nasolacrimal system), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the lacrimal gland itself; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "177933004", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of anterior abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated anterior abdominal wall destruction code — the abdominal wall block lacks any GA category, so the closest available code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, broader in scope and not lesion-specific." }] }, { "code" : "19243001", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of Bartholin's gland by marsupialization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to Bartholin's gland; the closest anatomical parent is the vulva block, and NMI.GA.AA is the only destruction code available there. Wider because it covers the entire vulva and does not capture the marsupialization technique." }] }, { "code" : "234903009", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of cheek", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cheek (buccal mucosa) is an oral cavity structure and ICHI's closest code is the residual \"oral cavity, not elsewhere classified\" destruction code, which encompasses the cheek but is broader; no cheek-specific destruction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "64943007", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of choroid by photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the posterior eye segment collectively as \"chorioretinal,\" so this code encompasses choroid-only lesion destruction but is broader; the photocoagulation means is also unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "59465003", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of cornea by cryotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of corneal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches the target (cornea) and action (destruction of lesion) exactly, but does not capture the specific means (cryotherapy), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "13107005", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers destruction of the cranial nerve itself, not specifically a lesion on it, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "43135000", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyebrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The eyebrow is part of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck; ICHI has no eyebrow-specific code, and LAA.GA.AH covers the entire head/neck skin region." }] }, { "code" : "239226005", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for destruction of a ganglion lesion; ACA.GA.AA is the closest match as ganglia are integral structures of the peripheral nervous system, but it covers any peripheral nerve destruction." }] }, { "code" : "19802006", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of lacrimal sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.GA.AH covers destruction of the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, duct, canaliculi), while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the lacrimal sac." }] }, { "code" : "173224008", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.GA.AH covers destruction of the lip broadly, not specifically a lesion of the lip; ICHI does not have a dedicated \"destruction of lesion of lip\" code." }] }, { "code" : "450433006", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of oral cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.GA.AC uses the destruction action on the oral cavity target, but its title refers to destruction of the oral cavity rather than specifically of a lesion within it." }] }, { "code" : "174720009", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.GA.AA matches the destruction action and pancreas target, but also encompasses the pancreatic duct and broader tissue destruction, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "6439004", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of the peripheral nerve as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to destruction of a lesion of the peripheral nerve." }] }, { "code" : "238304002", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.GA.AA describes destruction of peritoneal tissue generally, broader than the SNOMED concept that is specifically scoped to a lesion of the peritoneum." }] }, { "code" : "87031008", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for \"destruction of a lesion\" of skin; the closest code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue broadly (NEC), wider than the SNOMED concept's focus on a discrete skin lesion." }] }, { "code" : "63956009", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for destruction of a lesion of the spinal cord; ABA.GA.AA describes destruction of the spinal cord as a whole structure, semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "40014003", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's most precise unspecified-site destruction code for subcutaneous tissue covers both skin and subcutaneous tissue together and is categorised as \"not elsewhere classified,\" making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue specifically. No subcutaneous-only destruction-of-lesion code exists in ICHI without the skin component." }] }, { "code" : "66950009", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no destruction code specifically for the sympathetic nerve or its lesion; sympathetic nervous system codes cover excision by anatomical region rather than destruction of a lesion. The closest general match is destruction of peripheral nerve, broader because sympathetic nerves are a subset of the peripheral nervous system." }] }, { "code" : "89207003", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code covers destruction of either a lesion or tissue of the urethra, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only a lesion. Semantically the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "48185007", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code covers destruction of a lesion or tissue of the bladder without specifying approach, matching the SNOMED procedure intent. The \"or tissue\" qualifier makes it marginally broader than the SNOMED lesion-specific term." }] }, { "code" : "450340008", "display" : "Destruction of perivascular sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for perivascular sympathetic nerves specifically; sympathetic nerve blocks (ADB–ADE) only contain excision actions, not destruction. ACA.GA.AA is the closest available code but is broader, covering any peripheral nerve." }] }, { "code" : "450800005", "display" : "Destruction of pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for pilonidal sinus specifically; the pilonidal sinus is located in the sacrococcygeal subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, making LAB.GA.AH the closest structural match, but it is broader — applying to any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk." }] }, { "code" : "446279000", "display" : "Destruction of pterygium using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pterygium is a fibrovascular lesion of the conjunctiva, so laser destruction of a pterygium falls within \"destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva.\" The ICHI code is wider because it covers any lesion or tissue of the conjunctiva by any means." }] }, { "code" : "439520001", "display" : "Destruction of pudendal nerve using neurolytic agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve, and chemical neurolysis is a modality of peripheral nerve destruction. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses destruction of any peripheral nerve by any means." }] }, { "code" : "37149007", "display" : "Destruction of retroperitoneal cysts", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated retroperitoneal target; the closest structural match is the peritoneum/peritoneal block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers peritoneal tissue broadly without distinguishing retroperitoneal cysts specifically." }] }, { "code" : "48939008", "display" : "Destruction of retroperitoneal tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated retroperitoneal target or tumor-specific destruction code; \"destruction of peritoneal tissue\" is the closest available code covering tissue destruction in the peritoneal/retroperitoneal region. The ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish tumor type or anatomical subsite." }] }, { "code" : "699498007", "display" : "Destruction of tissue of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NEC code covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue across all body regions, semantically close but also includes subcutaneous tissue beyond the skin alone, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "85891007", "display" : "Destructive procedure of external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code targets the auricle (pinna), the principal anatomical structure of the external ear; the SNOMED concept could also include the external auditory canal, but CAC sits directly under \"Interventions on external ear\" and is the only destruction code available in that section." }] }, { "code" : "38679003", "display" : "Destructive procedure of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.GA.AH refers to destruction of a lesion of the eyelid rather than destruction of eyelid tissue in general; however, it is the only non-radiotherapy destruction code for the eyelid in ICHI and is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "419424000", "display" : "Destructive procedure of lacrimal drainage structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, ducts, puncta, canaliculi), while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to the lacrimal drainage structure (nasolacrimal duct, puncta, canaliculi), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "695009", "display" : "Destructive procedure of lesion on skin of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers destruction of any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to destruction of a lesion on trunk skin, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "78127006", "display" : "Destructive procedure of wrist and hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has destruction codes for the wrist joint and the finger/hand joint separately, but no single code covers both wrist and hand together; the SNOMED concept is broader in anatomical scope than either individual ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "75596002", "display" : "Destructive procedure on adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of adrenal gland by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the only destruction code for the adrenal gland in ICHI and it is modality-specific (radiotherapy), whereas the SNOMED concept is modality-neutral and encompasses all destructive methods (ablation, cryotherapy, RFA, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "62446008", "display" : "Destructive procedure on brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of brain, semantically aligning with the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code specifies a lesion or tissue rather than the brain organ broadly, slightly wider relative to the SNOMED concept's general \"destructive procedure on brain\" scope." }] }, { "code" : "30142001", "display" : "Destructive procedure on larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.GA.AA directly names destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx; coded as wider because it is framed as destroying a lesion or tissue within the larynx rather than the organ itself, and the SNOMED concept encompasses any destructive modality applied to the larynx as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "43197005", "display" : "Destructive procedure on mouth AND lips", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.GA.AC represents destruction of the oral cavity as a whole (NEC), which encompasses both the mouth and lips, making it broader than a procedure specifically combining both sites; KAA.GA.AH covers only the lip and misses the mouth component, so the oral cavity NEC code is the better single best-fit for a combined mouth-and-lips destructive procedure." }] }, { "code" : "21118000", "display" : "Destructive procedure on pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.GA.AA is the most specific ICHI code for pancreatic destruction and aligns well semantically; however it also includes the pancreatic duct as a target, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the pancreas itself." }] }, { "code" : "50965000", "display" : "Destructive procedure on pineal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EAB", "display" : "Interventions on pineal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific destruction (GA action) code for the pineal gland — the block EAB contains only biopsy, exploration, incision, and excision children. Assigning the block is the best available match, making it wider than the specific SNOMED destructive procedure concept." }] }, { "code" : "363069007", "display" : "Destructive procedure on subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.GA.AH covers destruction of both skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies subcutaneous tissue alone; no ICHI code isolates subcutaneous tissue destruction without also including skin." }] }, { "code" : "252499002", "display" : "Detailed occlusal analysis using study models", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for occlusal analysis or study model casting; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering all dental examination activities rather than the specific technique of detailed occlusal analysis with study models." }] }, { "code" : "117725006", "display" : "Detection of bacteria", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6201 covers genus and species identification of bacteria, which encompasses bacterial detection, but the ICHI code also includes fungi within its scope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that is limited to bacteria only." }] }, { "code" : "445203006", "display" : "Detection of Ehrlichia using polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for bacterial nucleic acid amplification or PCR-based detection; XG6201 (bacterial and fungal genus/species identification) is the closest available code, but it is far broader — covering all identification methods for bacteria and fungi rather than a PCR-specific test for a single organism (Ehrlichia). XG4U02 \"Viral nucleic acid amplification test\" is scoped to viruses and is not applicable." }] }, { "code" : "359909004", "display" : "Detection of erythrocyte antibody complement complex binding", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4QN1", "display" : "Direct antiglobulin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific subtype of the direct antiglobulin test (Coombs) that detects complement (C3) coating on erythrocytes, whereas XG4QN1 covers the direct antiglobulin test in general without distinguishing between IgG-specific and complement-specific subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "359903003", "display" : "Detection of erythrocyte IgG antibody complex binding", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4QN1", "display" : "Direct antiglobulin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes the IgG-specific direct antiglobulin test (monospecific DAT for IgG), while XG4QN1 covers the direct antiglobulin test as a general procedure without specifying the immunoglobulin class being detected." }] }, { "code" : "122061000", "display" : "Detection of fungus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6201 covers identification of fungi, which encompasses fungal detection, but the ICHI code jointly includes bacteria in its scope, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to fungi only." }] }, { "code" : "445133005", "display" : "Detection of Human herpesvirus 3 using polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly, which subsumes a PCR-based detection of Human herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster virus); no herpesvirus-specific nucleic acid test code exists in ICHI, so the available code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445401006", "display" : "Detection of Human herpesvirus 6 using polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with HHV-3, XG4U02 is the only applicable ICHI code for a PCR-based viral nucleic acid amplification test; it is broader than this specific HHV-6 detection concept, and no herpesvirus-specific code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "445402004", "display" : "Detection of Human herpesvirus 8 using polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as HHV-3 and HHV-6 above — XG4U02 is the best available ICHI match for any viral PCR-based detection, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept specific to Human herpesvirus 8." }] }, { "code" : "772835009", "display" : "Detection of Influenza A virus using PCR - polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1RC2", "display" : "Influenza A and B nucleic acid test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1RC2 covers both Influenza A and Influenza B via nucleic acid testing (which includes PCR as a method), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to Influenza A only using the PCR technique. The ICHI code is broader in both pathogen scope and method specification." }] }, { "code" : "444974003", "display" : "Detection of Measles virus using polymerase chain reaction technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no measles-specific code; XG4U02 is a generic viral nucleic acid amplification test (which encompasses PCR) applicable to any virus. This is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which names both the specific pathogen (Measles virus) and the specific technique (PCR)." }] }, { "code" : "444281001", "display" : "Detection of ordinal level of hemoglobin F in blood", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG52S7", "display" : "Haemoglobin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to haemoglobin F (fetal haemoglobin) measurement; XG52S7 covers haemoglobin testing broadly without distinguishing between haemoglobin types or measurement methodology, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies haemoglobin F (fetal) measured at an ordinal level in blood." }] }, { "code" : "104144006", "display" : "Determination of hemoglobin subtype", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG52S7", "display" : "Haemoglobin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG52S7 \"Haemoglobin\" is an essential laboratory test extension code representing haemoglobin testing in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies subtype/variant determination (e.g., haemoglobin electrophoresis). The ICHI code is broader, covering any haemoglobin test rather than specifically subtyping/fractionation." }] }, { "code" : "46857000", "display" : "Determination of resistance to airflow by plethysmographic method", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.AC.ZZ \"Test of respiration function\" is the best available ICHI code for a specific respiratory physiology test such as body plethysmography for airway resistance; ICHI has no code for plethysmography or airway resistance testing specifically, so this functional testing code captures the general activity but is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "277837003", "display" : "Detrusor myotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for detrusor (bladder muscle) myotomy, and the urinary bladder block (NAI) contains no myotomy entry; MRM.FA.AA \"Myotomy of unspecified site\" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified muscle incision rather than the detrusor specifically." }] }, { "code" : "63295000", "display" : "Dewebbing of syndactyly of fingers", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dewebbing of finger syndactyly is a surgical procedure that divides the conjoined skin/soft tissue web between fused fingers and typically includes skin grafting to reconstruct the resulting defect; LAE.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb) is the closest available category in ICHI but is considerably broader, covering any open repair of upper limb skin rather than the specific syndactyly release context." }] }, { "code" : "68820009", "display" : "Dewebbing of syndactyly of toes", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dewebbing of toe syndactyly involves surgical separation and skin reconstruction of fused toe web spaces; LAG.MK.AA (repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb) is the closest available ICHI category but is considerably broader, encompassing any open repair of lower limb skin rather than the specific syndactyly release procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252190006", "display" : "Dexamethasone suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dexamethasone suppression test is a specific provocative/suppression test of the HPA axis (assessing cortisol/adrenocortical function), while ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions in general with no means specified. ETK.AA.ZZ is broader in both target (all endocrine glands) and method (any assessment approach)." }] }, { "code" : "385803003", "display" : "Diabetic care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diabetic care assessment is an evaluation of a patient's diabetes status, which maps most precisely to assessment of general metabolic functions given that diabetes mellitus is a disorder of metabolic regulation. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all general metabolic function assessments, not just those specifically for diabetes monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "6143009", "display" : "Diabetic education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETK.PM.ZZ maps education (action PM) to the endocrine gland functions target (ETK), which is the correct body-system axis for diabetes; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers education about all endocrine gland functions and is not restricted to diabetes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "265635006", "display" : "Diagnostic amniocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AH.AE", "display" : "Amniocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.AH.AE (amniocentesis, percutaneous — AH = aspiration, AE = percutaneous) covers the procedure precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because the ICHI code does not restrict to the diagnostic intent; therapeutic amniocentesis (amnioreduction) would also fall under this code in the absence of a distinguishing qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "287572003", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of breast cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the breast generally, which subsumes needle aspiration of a breast cyst, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the target is a cyst nor that the intent is diagnostic. The approach (percutaneous) aligns well with the standard technique for breast cyst aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "1236978009", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of testes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.JB.AE is the closest available ICHI code — percutaneous aspiration in the testis/tunica vaginalis region — but it targets the testis rather than specifically the tunica vaginalis hydrocele, and does not encode the diagnostic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274384004", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of liver abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.JB.AE captures percutaneous drainage/aspiration of the liver, which encompasses aspiration of a liver abscess, but the ICHI code does not specify the target lesion type (abscess) or the diagnostic intent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231721006", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of liver cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage of the liver broadly without distinguishing the lesion type (cyst vs. abscess) or specifying diagnostic purpose, so it is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274386002", "display" : "Diagnostic aspiration of spermatocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of testes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spermatocele is an epididymal cyst, and its aspiration would fall under the testis/adnexa region in ICHI; NGL.JB.AE is the best available code, but it targets the testis rather than the epididymis specifically and does not encode the diagnostic intent or the cystic nature of the target, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450658007", "display" : "Diagnostic extraction of bone marrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diagnostic extraction of bone marrow (i.e., aspiration/trephine biopsy for diagnostic purposes) is best represented by DGA.AD.AE, which is a percutaneous biopsy — capturing the diagnostic intent and the standard percutaneous technique. The ICHI code is slightly broader because \"biopsy\" in ICHI encompasses both needle aspiration and core biopsy without distinguishing the specific extraction modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a diagnostic extraction." }] }, { "code" : "175182002", "display" : "Diagnostic pericardiocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JB.AE", "display" : "Pericardiocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFF.JB.AE exactly names pericardiocentesis and encodes the correct target (pericardium), action (drainage/aspiration), and approach (percutaneous). The ICHI code is marginally wider because it does not explicitly encode the \"diagnostic\" qualifier — it covers both diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis — but it is the closest and most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "177820006", "display" : "Diagnostic pleurocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Pleurocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.JB.AE exactly names pleurocentesis with the correct target (pleura), action (aspiration), and percutaneous approach. As with pericardiocentesis, the ICHI code does not encode the \"diagnostic\" qualifier and therefore covers both diagnostic and therapeutic pleurocentesis, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "165172002", "display" : "Diagnostic psychiatric interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AN.ZZ is the closest ICHI match — it encodes a structured interview (action AN = interview) targeting mental functions (target AS1 = mental functions, unspecified), which aligns with the core clinical activity of a diagnostic psychiatric interview. It is wider because it covers any interview about mental functions broadly, not specifically a formal psychiatric diagnostic assessment." }] }, { "code" : "55052008", "display" : "Diagnostic ultrasound of gravid uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for ultrasound of the pregnant/gravid uterus as an anatomical target; NMR.BA.BJ captures obstetric ultrasound directed at fetal structures, which is the primary clinical purpose of this procedure, but the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept in that it covers fetal structures generally rather than the gravid uterus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "385971003", "display" : "Dialysis care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dialysis care\" in SNOMED is a broad concept encompassing all care activities surrounding dialysis, while NAA.JC.AF represents the renal dialysis procedure itself; NAA.JC.AF is the closest single code for general renal dialysis care, but it covers only the dialysis act, not the broader care context." }] }, { "code" : "120167008", "display" : "Diaphragm closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Diaphragm closure\" refers to surgical closure/suturing of the thoracic diaphragm (e.g., closing a diaphragmatic defect or laceration), which falls within repair of diaphragm. MCX.MK.AA is slightly broader as \"repair\" encompasses multiple techniques beyond closure alone, but it is the closest available ICHI category for this thoracic diaphragm procedure." }] }, { "code" : "386260000", "display" : "Diarrhea care", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Diarrhea care\" is a broad nursing/care concept that can include patient education, advising, and supportive management around defaecation dysfunction. KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about defaecation functions, which captures a key component of diarrhea care, but ICHI has no single code that encompasses the full clinical management concept — making this ICHI code broader than the specific diarrhea care activity." }] }, { "code" : "39412000", "display" : "Diascopy procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AH", "display" : "Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diascopy is a diagnostic technique in which a glass slide or clear instrument is pressed against skin to observe blanching (used to differentiate purpura from erythema); ICHI has no specific code for this technique, but LZZ.AE.AH (inspection of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC) is the closest structural match, as diascopy is fundamentally a visual inspection of skin performed without incision. The ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of skin inspection rather than the specific glass-pressure technique." }] }, { "code" : "234313006", "display" : "Diathermy of cystic hygroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.GA.AF", "display" : "Destruction of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cystic hygroma is a lymphatic malformation (lymphangioma) involving abnormal lymphatic vessels, and diathermy is a method of thermal destruction. DFO.GA.AF (destruction of lymphatic vessel, percutaneous) captures the target (lymphatic vessel) and action (destruction), but diathermy as a specific means is not encoded and cystic hygroma as a distinct lesion entity is not distinguished from a generic lymphatic vessel — making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "700430009", "display" : "Dietary education for preparation of bowel for procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food broadly, which captures the educational nature of this concept, but it does not encode the specificity of bowel preparation for a procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "284071006", "display" : "Dietary treatment for disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Using food as treatment for a disorder is best represented by the act of prescribing/ordering food in ICHI, but the ICHI code does not capture the therapeutic/treatment intent for a specific disorder, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303748006", "display" : "Digestive system contrast procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes individual contrast imaging procedures at specific anatomical sites (e.g. KBA.BA.BB X-ray of oesophagus with contrast medium, KBI.BA.BB Barium oesophagogastroduodenography) but has no single code covering \"digestive system contrast procedure\" as a category-level grouper; the parent block BlockL3-KAA (digestive system interventions) is the broadest available container, making it wider than this SNOMED grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "239033002", "display" : "Digital examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.AE.AC", "display" : "Examination of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Digital examination\" in clinical usage almost invariably refers to digital rectal examination (DRE); KBW.AE.AC (Examination of rectum) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader in that it does not specify the finger-based technique, and \"digital examination\" as a SNOMED concept is itself a parent grouper that could encompass other sites (e.g. vaginal, anal) beyond the rectum." }] }, { "code" : "261521007", "display" : "Digital incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Digital incision\" denotes an incision performed using a finger (rather than a scalpel), but ICHI has no code capturing the instrument/technique of a finger-performed incision; the closest match is the generic soft tissue incision code MRS.FA.AA, which does not specify the body part or the digital means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "315308008", "display" : "Dilatation of cervix for delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.LG.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal without restricting context to obstetric delivery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically performed in the context of labour and delivery; no more specific obstetric-context cervical dilatation code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "391998006", "display" : "Dilation and curettage of uterus after delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NME.JE.AC covers D&C of the uterus in general without encoding the post-delivery (postpartum) clinical context; there is no ICHI-specific code for D&C performed after delivery (e.g., for retained products of conception), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "4904006", "display" : "Dilation of anal sphincter under nonlocal anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of anal sphincter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI KBX.LG.AC encodes dilatation of the anal sphincter exactly, but does not capture the anesthesia qualifier (nonlocal/general anesthesia) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from simple office-based anal dilation, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "235570008", "display" : "Dilation of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is route-neutral (dilation of bile duct by any means), while KCM.LG.AD specifies the endoscopic approach. No unqualified standalone bile duct dilatation code exists in ICHI; KCM.LG.AD is the best available fit, with ICHI being narrower in approach but the closest semantic match." }] }, { "code" : "265062002", "display" : "Dilation of cervix uteri and curettage of products of conception from uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JE.AC covers dilatation and curettage of the uterus generically (including for any indication), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to curettage of products of conception (e.g., ERPC after miscarriage or incomplete abortion); the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "174140006", "display" : "Dilation of colostomy stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"dilatation of colostomy stoma\" code; PTD.SN.AC covers general stoma management as a residual/NEC category, which is broader than the specific act of dilating a colostomy stoma." }] }, { "code" : "82847004", "display" : "Dilation of ileostomy stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for dilation of an ileostomy stoma specifically; KBK.LG.AC covers dilatation of the small intestine (NEC, open approach), which is broader than the SNOMED concept that targets the stoma opening of an ileostomy." }] }, { "code" : "57422005", "display" : "Dilation of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LG.AD captures dilatation of the ureter by endoscopic means, matching the target organ exactly; the SNOMED concept does not specify approach. There is no unspecified-approach equivalent code, making this the best available match at the intervention level." }] }, { "code" : "176384003", "display" : "Dilation of urethral meatus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the urethra as a whole, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the urethral meatus (the external opening); no ICHI code exists for meatal dilation in isolation, so the urethra-level code is the closest match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "13002002", "display" : "Dilation of Wharton's duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of salivary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.LG.AA covers dilatation of the salivary duct generically under the salivary gland block, while Wharton's duct is specifically the submandibular salivary duct; no ICHI code exists for duct-specific salivary dilatation, so this broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "315316004", "display" : "Dipping - examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dipping\" is a clinical physical examination manoeuvre (ballottement/dipping palpation for organomegaly or ascites) with no dedicated ICHI code; PZX.AE.AH as a catch-all physical examination of a body site is the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than this specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "172869001", "display" : "Direct closure of defect of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"closure of defect\" code for the maxilla; the closest available code is MAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxilla), which covers the concept of restoring maxillary structural integrity including defect closure, but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "10831003", "display" : "Direct closure of laceration of conjunctiva with nonperforating scleral laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined repair involving both the conjunctiva and a nonperforating scleral laceration; ICHI's BBA.MK.AA covers repair of the conjunctiva but does not capture the scleral component. Since the primary target in the SNOMED term is the conjunctival laceration and the scleral laceration is nonperforating, BBA.MK.AA is the best single code, though wider than the full SNOMED specificity." }] }, { "code" : "438558008", "display" : "Direct current atrial defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH represents conversion of cardiac arrhythmia, which encompasses DC cardioversion/defibrillation of the atrium; however, ICHI does not distinguish the target chamber (atrial vs. ventricular) or the modality (DC shock vs. pharmacological), making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439868004", "display" : "Direct current ventricular defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies direct current (DC shock) applied specifically to the ventricles (defibrillation rather than cardioversion). The ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the electrical modality (DC vs other) nor the chamber specificity." }] }, { "code" : "233035002", "display" : "Direct insertion of left atrial catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF is the closest available ICHI code, covering left heart catheterisation broadly; the SNOMED concept specifies direct (surgical, non-percutaneous) insertion of a catheter specifically into the left atrium, which is more specific than the ICHI code captures in terms of both approach and chamber specificity." }] }, { "code" : "233023001", "display" : "Direct insertion of right atrial catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZB.AB.AF", "display" : "Right heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZB.AB.AF is the best available ICHI match, covering right heart catheterisation generally; the SNOMED concept specifies direct (open surgical) insertion of a catheter into the right atrium specifically, which is more granular than the ICHI code reflects in terms of both approach and chamber precision." }] }, { "code" : "225247009", "display" : "Direct intraperitoneal insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DB.AE describes injection into the peritoneal cavity but makes no reference to the reproductive purpose (delivering sperm/gametes for fertilisation); it is the closest structural match in ICHI since there is no dedicated insemination or assisted reproduction code. The ICHI code is considerably broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "128325007", "display" : "Direct laryngoscopy with surgical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.AE.AC", "display" : "Laryngoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for \"laryngoscopy as a vehicle for an unspecified surgical procedure\"; the closest code is plain laryngoscopy (JAN.AE.AC), which is broader because it does not capture the unspecified surgical act performed under direct vision. The specific surgical component would require knowing which procedure was done to select a more precise code." }] }, { "code" : "1340250005", "display" : "Direct pulp capping of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.DB.AC", "display" : "Application of substance to teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pulp capping code; direct pulp capping involves applying a protective substance (e.g., calcium hydroxide or MTA) directly onto exposed pulp tissue, which falls under \"application of substance to teeth\" (KAE.DB.AC), though that code is broader and covers all topical dental applications, not just pulp capping." }] }, { "code" : "39096005", "display" : "Direct repair of artery of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific repair codes for thoracic arteries (IDA.MK.AA) but no dedicated code for arteries of the hand or finger; IZA.MK.AA (repair of artery, NEC) is the appropriate residual category and covers the correct action (repair/MK) and target type (artery), but is broader because it does not specify the digital/finger vessel." }] }, { "code" : "40815003", "display" : "Direct repair of artery of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the hand artery; the closest anatomically specific code covers the full upper limb artery. Additionally, \"ML\" (reconstruction) is broader than \"direct repair\" (primary suture/angiorrhaphy), and no MK-action code exists for upper limb arteries in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "17287001", "display" : "Direct repair of artery of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest anatomically specific code covers the lower limb artery as a whole using the reconstruction action (ML), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's \"direct repair\" (primary suture); no dedicated MK-action repair code exists for the lower limb artery in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "90351000", "display" : "Direct repair of artery of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest anatomically specific code covers the upper limb artery using the reconstruction (ML) action, which encompasses but is broader than direct primary repair; no separate MK-action repair code exists for the upper limb artery in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "72988005", "display" : "Direct thrombectomy of femoropopliteal vein by incision of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers open extraction of obstruction from any lower limb vein (Target = lower limb vein, Means = AA open approach), matching the open surgical approach in the SNOMED concept, but it does not specify the femoropopliteal vessel, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "18918008", "display" : "Direct thrombectomy of subclavian vein by incision of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian vein is the proximal vessel of the upper limb venous system, and an upper limb incision approach maps naturally to this block; the ICHI code covers any upper limb vein with an open approach (AA means), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the subclavian vein specifically." }] }, { "code" : "56782003", "display" : "Direct thrombectomy of subclavian vein by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from head and neck vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "When the subclavian vein is approached via a neck incision, the procedure falls within the \"interventions on vein of head and neck, extracranial\" block, and this open (AA means) extraction-of-obstruction code is the best anatomical and procedural fit; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any head/neck vein rather than the subclavian specifically." }] }, { "code" : "63560002", "display" : "Direct thrombectomy of vena cava by abdominal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava\" via open approach (AA = open) covers the procedure semantically, but the SNOMED concept specifies the abdominal incision approach and is understood to target the inferior vena cava specifically; the \"vena cava\" in SNOMED without further qualifier defaults to the inferior vena cava in abdominal surgery context, making HIC.JE.AA the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "90333001", "display" : "Direct thrombectomy of vena cava by incision of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifies a femoral/lower-limb incision approach to reach the inferior vena cava for thrombectomy — a surgical access detail not captured in ICHI. HIC.JE.AA (open extraction of obstruction of IVC) is the best structural match but is wider as it does not distinguish the lower-limb incision approach from other open routes." }] }, { "code" : "167206009", "display" : "Disaccharidase tolerance tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Disaccharidase tolerance tests assess intestinal enzyme activity and carbohydrate absorption capacity, which falls under testing of digestive system function. ICHI's KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any unclassified digestive system function test rather than this specific enzyme-based tolerance test." }] }, { "code" : "252225001", "display" : "Disaccharide absorption test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A disaccharide absorption test (e.g., lactose or sucrose challenge to assess gut absorptive capacity) is a functional test of digestive assimilation; KT2.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but is far broader, encompassing all unspecified digestive function tests." }] }, { "code" : "15440009", "display" : "Disarticulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JN.AA", "display" : "Disarticulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Disarticulation\" in SNOMED is a generic/unspecified concept for amputation through a joint, and ICHI's MRJ.JN.AA covers exactly that at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is wider in that it anchors the concept to a joint at an unspecified site, matching the non-site-specific nature of the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "306519008", "display" : "Discharge by nurse practitioner", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 captures the discharge planning act but is broader — it does not encode the specific clinician type (nurse practitioner) performing the discharge, and it is an ICHI extension code describing the nature of an intervention rather than a standalone procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "306450008", "display" : "Discharge by obstetrician and gynecologist", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 covers the discharge planning act generically but does not distinguish the authorising clinician specialty (obstetrician/gynecologist), making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the performing clinician type." }] }, { "code" : "306461000", "display" : "Discharge by occupational health physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 represents discharge planning as a general act without encoding the specific clinician role (occupational health physician); ICHI has no mechanism to classify discharge by clinician type as a distinct procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "306543006", "display" : "Discharge by occupational therapist", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 is the closest ICHI concept for a discharge act, but it is broader as it does not capture the occupational therapist as the performing clinician, which is the defining specificity of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306547007", "display" : "Discharge by optometrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 covers discharge planning generically and is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies an optometrist as the authorising clinician — a distinction ICHI does not encode at the procedure code level." }] }, { "code" : "306618005", "display" : "Discharge from pain management service", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 represents the discharge planning process generically, without capturing the specific service type (pain management) or the act of formal discharge itself. It is the closest available ICHI concept but is broader and refers to planning rather than the completed discharge event." }] }, { "code" : "306614007", "display" : "Discharge from pathology service", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for discharge from a pathology service specifically; XG38D0 is the only discharge-related code available and covers the general discharge planning process, making it broader than this administrative act of ending care under pathology." }] }, { "code" : "306599009", "display" : "Discharge from pediatric service", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not represent specialty-specific discharges; XG38D0 is the nearest concept covering discharge planning generically, which is broader than the pediatric-service-specific administrative discharge event described by this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306621007", "display" : "Discharge from professionals allied to medicine service", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no concept for discharge from allied health services; XG38D0 is the best available match as a generic discharge planning extension code, but it does not capture the allied-health-service specificity or the completed-discharge semantics of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306607005", "display" : "Discharge from psychiatry service", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no psychiatry-specific discharge code and no mental health service administrative codes at this level of granularity; XG38D0 is the closest available concept but is broader, referring to discharge planning in general rather than formal discharge from a psychiatric service." }] }, { "code" : "306699001", "display" : "Discharge to hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically denotes discharge from one facility with the destination being another hospital, whereas ICHI's closest match captures only the referral act to any health provider without encoding the discharge event or the inpatient hospital destination. The ICHI code is broader, covering any referral rather than the specific act of discharging to a hospital." }] }, { "code" : "306694006", "display" : "Discharge to nursing home", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discharge to a nursing home is a specific administrative transition to a long-term care facility, but ICHI has no code for nursing home placement or discharge to such settings; \"Referral to health provider\" is the closest available concept and is broader, as it encompasses any referral to any health provider without specifying the discharge event or nursing home destination." }] }, { "code" : "306690002", "display" : "Discharge to relative's home", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discharge to a relative's home is a specific administrative outcome of the discharge process, but ICHI only has a generic \"Discharge planning\" extension code that covers the planning activity without encoding the destination or the completed discharge event. This is the closest available concept, and it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306691003", "display" : "Discharge to residential home", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discharge to a residential home is a specific administrative discharge destination, but ICHI has no code for discharge to residential care settings; \"Discharge planning\" is the closest available concept and is broader, capturing the discharge planning process without encoding the specific destination type." }] }, { "code" : "306697004", "display" : "Discharge to sheltered housing", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 \"Discharge planning\" is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers discharge planning broadly without specifying the destination as sheltered/supported housing. ICHI has no code capturing the specific destination type, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "306706006", "display" : "Discharge to ward", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 \"Discharge planning\" is the only discharge-related code in ICHI and does not encode the specific destination (ward/inpatient unit), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35717002", "display" : "Discission of congenital cataract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discission (needling) of a congenital cataract involves incising the lens capsule and is functionally equivalent to a capsulotomy of the lens; BBF.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code. However, ICHI does not specify the aetiology (congenital) or the technique variant (needle discission), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "50538003", "display" : "Discission of membranous cataract, primary", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discission of a membranous (secondary/after-cataract) membrane is most closely captured by BBF.FA.AA \"Capsulotomy,\" though BBF.GA.AA \"Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane\" is also related. BBF.FA.AA is preferred as discission is an incision technique (capsulotomy) rather than fragmentation; ICHI does not specify the membranous subtype or the \"primary\" qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "713662007", "display" : "Discussion about advance care planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Advance care planning is a specific form of individualised care planning centred on future health decisions and end-of-life preferences; PZB.TB.ZZ covers all forms of person-level individualised planning and is thus broader. No more specific ICHI code for advance care planning or end-of-life discussion exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "704034004", "display" : "Discussion about anticoagulation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anticoagulation therapy is a specific class of medication; UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising about medications in general, making it broader than a discussion focused exclusively on anticoagulants. No ICHI code exists for coagulation-specific medication counselling, and this is the closest match in the medications/environment axis." }] }, { "code" : "710566000", "display" : "Discussion about bariatric operative procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for weight management", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A discussion about bariatric surgery is a pre-surgical counselling encounter targeting weight management through operative means; KTN.PP.ZZ covers counselling for weight management broadly (including all modalities), making it wider. No ICHI code specifically addresses bariatric surgery discussion or surgical weight-loss counselling." }] }, { "code" : "713079002", "display" : "Discussion about cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does have a code for CPR as a procedure (HT2.MC.AH) but no code for a discussion or counselling encounter specifically about CPR; HT2.PP.ZZ represents counselling for cardiovascular system functions generally, which is the closest body-system-aligned match and is broader than the specific CPR discussion concept." }] }, { "code" : "473180009", "display" : "Discussion about diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diabetic ketoacidosis is a metabolic emergency; ETB.PP.ZZ covers counselling for general metabolic functions, which is the closest ICHI category to a discussion about DKA. The pregnancy dimension is not captured by this code, and the specificity of DKA (vs. metabolic functions in general) means the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "473184000", "display" : "Discussion about gestational hypertension", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to gestational hypertension discussion; the closest match is NUE.PM.ZZ, which covers education about pregnancy-related physiological functions broadly. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all pregnancy functions, not specifically hypertensive disorders of pregnancy." }] }, { "code" : "473181008", "display" : "Discussion about hypoglycemia in pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like gestational hypertension, ICHI has no specific code for hypoglycaemia in pregnancy discussions; NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy) is the best available match under the genitourinary/reproductive functions chapter. The code is broader, covering all pregnancy-related functions rather than glycaemic complications specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1303946009", "display" : "Discussion about medication monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ covers advising on any aspect of medications (the medicaments target, advising action), which encompasses but is not limited to monitoring discussions; ICHI has no dedicated code for a discussion specifically about medication monitoring, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "698568007", "display" : "Discussion about postnatal depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Postnatal depression is primarily an affective/emotional disorder, making AUD.PP.ZZ (interventions on emotional functions, counselling action) the closest ICHI fit; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any emotional function and does not capture the postnatal specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "473185004", "display" : "Discussion about preexisting hypertension in pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypertension is a cardiovascular function disorder, and HT2.PP.ZZ is the most specific available cardiovascular counselling code in ICHI; it is substantially wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all cardiovascular function counselling and does not encode the preexisting or pregnancy-context dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "445031009", "display" : "Discussion about preferred place of care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Discussing a patient's preferred place of care is an individualised planning activity for the whole person, making PZB.TB.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; it is wider because it covers all forms of individualised planning and is not specific to location-of-care preference discussions." }] }, { "code" : "448032003", "display" : "Discussion about preferred place of death", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preferred place of death discussions are a form of advance care/end-of-life planning, which maps to the individualised planning code for the whole person; ICHI lacks any dedicated palliative or end-of-life planning code, so this is a wide match that does not capture the death-preference specificity." }] }, { "code" : "734306004", "display" : "Discussion about social support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes \"advising\" interventions rather than \"discussion,\" and UEO.PN.ZZ specifically covers advising about general social support services — the closest semantic match to a discussion about social support; however, the ICHI code is oriented toward services/systems/policies rather than a personal discussion about the patient's own social support network." }] }, { "code" : "223485006", "display" : "Discussion about therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Discussion about therapy\" is a clinician-patient interaction where therapy options are discussed; ICHI's closest match is general counselling (PZB.PP.ZZ), which is broader and not limited to therapeutic discussions." }] }, { "code" : "223484005", "display" : "Discussion about treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures a clinical conversation about treatment options, which maps most plausibly to general counselling in ICHI; no specific ICHI code exists for discussions about treatment, making PZB.PP.ZZ the broadest reasonable fit." }] }, { "code" : "401173007", "display" : "Disease management program", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A disease management program is a structured, multi-component intervention coordinating care for a chronic condition across providers; ICHI's \"Case coordination\" is the nearest concept but is broader, covering coordination activities generally without the disease-specific program structure." }] }, { "code" : "1340273002", "display" : "Disease modifying drug therapy for multiple sclerosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no disease-specific pharmacotherapy codes (no MS or DMT category), so the closest available code is the general \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified,\" considerably broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both indication and drug class." }] }, { "code" : "307194004", "display" : "Disimpaction of food bolus from esophageal tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A food bolus impacted in the oesophagus is clinically treated as a foreign body and removed endoscopically; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers all foreign bodies/devices, and the SNOMED concept specifies \"esophageal tube\" implying an indwelling tube context." }] }, { "code" : "274460008", "display" : "Dislocated spine reduction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept does not specify the approach; MBZ.LD.AA (open) is the best available since spinal dislocation reduction in clinical context most commonly implies an operative procedure, though the ICHI code is broader by not specifying dislocation (vs fracture) and is approach-specific." }] }, { "code" : "409022004", "display" : "Dispensing medication management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Providing medications\" is the closest ICHI concept to dispensing/managing medication, but it is broader — it does not specifically capture the management/oversight component (counselling, reconciliation, etc.) implied by the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "399209000", "display" : "Displacement of breast implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for breast implant displacement as a complication or finding-driven procedure; \"Management of internal device of breast\" is the broadest applicable code that covers interventions concerning an existing breast implant." }] }, { "code" : "314120004", "display" : "Dissection and excision of bilateral tonsils", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JK.AC", "display" : "Tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Tonsillectomy\" is the standard ICHI code for total excision of tonsils; however, it does not encode bilaterality, and ICHI has no separate bilateral tonsillectomy code — bilaterality would need to be captured via a laterality extension." }] }, { "code" : "432101007", "display" : "Distention of shoulder using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core act of injecting fluid into the shoulder joint (the mechanism of distension/hydrodilatation) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component in the means axis, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "121338007", "display" : "Diuretic identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ represents assessment/identification of medications in general and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically concerns identifying a diuretic class agent." }] }, { "code" : "722048006", "display" : "Diuretic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration without specifying route or drug class; broader as it does not specify diuretics and does not encode the ongoing/therapeutic nature implied by \"therapy.\"" }] }, { "code" : "56143008", "display" : "Division of cerebral meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAC", "display" : "Interventions on cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category code exists with an FB (division/incision) action applied to cerebral meninges; the block code for all interventions on cerebral meninges is the best available representation, broader than the specific division procedure." }] }, { "code" : "66922009", "display" : "Division of goniosynechiae", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Goniosynechialysis restores aqueous outflow through the anterior chamber angle, making the functional goal captured by this code the best available match; ICHI has no specific adhesion release code for the anterior chamber." }] }, { "code" : "232998008", "display" : "Division of inferior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"division\" (transection) code for the inferior vena cava; incision is the closest structural action. Division implies a complete transection, going beyond a simple incision." }] }, { "code" : "19941009", "display" : "Division of lacrimal canaliculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Division of the lacrimal canaliculus involves cutting the canalicular structure, which maps to incision of the lacrimal apparatus — the only surgical cut/division code available; the ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus." }] }, { "code" : "122486003", "display" : "Division of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes for ligament division all specify an anatomical region with no unspecified-site ligament division code available; the closest generic code is division of soft tissue of unspecified site, broader as it covers all soft tissue." }] }, { "code" : "36453007", "display" : "Division of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.FB.AA covers division of muscle at an unspecified site; the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing all body-site variants, making the SNOMED concept wider than this single residual code." }] }, { "code" : "363100006", "display" : "Division of musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MZZ.FB.AA is the catch-all ICHI code for division of any musculoskeletal structure not captured elsewhere; the SNOMED grouper encompasses all division procedures on the musculoskeletal system, wider than this NEC residual code." }] }, { "code" : "55743009", "display" : "Division of nerve of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The adrenal gland is innervated by peripheral autonomic (splanchnic) nerves, so dividing a nerve of the adrenal gland is a specific instance of peripheral nerve division; ICHI has no code specific to adrenal innervation." }] }, { "code" : "64210000", "display" : "Division of papillary muscle of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of mitral subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Papillary muscles are the primary component of the mitral subvalvar apparatus (with chordae tendineae); the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses division of any part of the subvalvar apparatus, not just the papillary muscle itself." }] }, { "code" : "708649001", "display" : "Division of tendon of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains \"division of tendon\" codes only for specific limb/pelvic sites and an unspecified residual; there is no dedicated neck-tendon division code, so the unspecified-site code is the best structural match but is broader, losing the neck-specific anatomical detail." }] }, { "code" : "438559000", "display" : "Division of tendon of shoulder region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a target code for the tendon of the shoulder region but no assignable procedure code combining shoulder-region tendon with the division action; the only available \"division of tendon\" leaf codes are for hand, hip, lower leg, foot, and unspecified site, making the unspecified-site code the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "17632005", "display" : "Division of vitreous cicatricial bands by anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JK.AA", "display" : "Vitrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for division of vitreous cicatricial/fibrous bands; \"Vitrectomy\" is the closest available code, but it is broader — it covers full vitreous removal rather than targeted division of cicatricial bands, and the anterior approach distinction is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "50518004", "display" : "Division of vitreous cicatricial bands by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.JK.AA", "display" : "Vitrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for targeted division of vitreous fibrous/cicatricial bands; \"Vitrectomy\" is the best available match within the vitreous body block but is broader and does not distinguish posterior from anterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "276737004", "display" : "Domiciliary ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC correctly captures the clinical act of artificial/mechanical ventilation but does not encode the home/domiciliary setting central to the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "315616008", "display" : "Domino delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of heart", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Domino delivery\" refers to explantation of a healthy heart from a patient undergoing heart-lung transplantation, who becomes a secondary donor; HZZ.JH.AA captures heart procurement but is broader, covering any heart procurement rather than the domino scenario." }] }, { "code" : "180285003", "display" : "Donation of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JH.AA covers procurement of skin for grafting from an unspecified body site, slightly wider because it includes subcutaneous tissue and encompasses both donor and self-harvest contexts." }] }, { "code" : "313030004", "display" : "Donor renal transplantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Donor renal transplantation\" refers to surgical removal of a kidney from a donor for transplant; NAA.JH.AA is the most specific ICHI code for the donor-side retrieval, slightly wider as it does not encode live-vs-deceased donor distinction." }] }, { "code" : "252194002", "display" : "Dopamine antagonist test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dopamine antagonist test is a pharmacological provocation procedure assessing pituitary endocrine function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering all endocrine assessments without specifying the agent or provocation approach." }] }, { "code" : "252193008", "display" : "Dopamine infusion test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dopamine infusion test is a pharmacological challenge assessing pituitary or renal dopaminergic function; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is far broader, not specifying the dopamine infusion method or target gland." }] }, { "code" : "712990004", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes breast ultrasound at LCA.BA.BJ but does not distinguish Doppler technique from other ultrasound modalities, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "418354002", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the kidney without distinguishing Doppler technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431488007", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of myocardium for tissue strain rate", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Echocardiography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.BA.BJ is the general echocardiography code and does not capture the specificity of tissue Doppler imaging with strain rate quantification; substantially broader, covering all cardiac ultrasound methods." }] }, { "code" : "418762008", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of the penis without distinguishing Doppler, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440495009", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes ultrasound of the testis at organ level without distinguishing Doppler from other ultrasound modalities, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "718078008", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of transplanted liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for post-transplant liver imaging nor for Doppler-specific ultrasound; the generic \"Ultrasound of liver\" is the closest available code, broader in both technique and clinical context." }] }, { "code" : "1362078002", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of transplanted pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate Doppler from general ultrasound, nor does it qualify the pancreas as transplanted; the generic organ-level ultrasound code is the best available but broader." }] }, { "code" : "418956005", "display" : "Doppler ultrasonography of vertebral arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated vertebral artery imaging code; the nearest code covers all extracranial head-and-neck arteries (including carotid), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432509002", "display" : "Doppler ultrasound guided insertion of dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous vein insertion action but does not encode ultrasound guidance or the dialysis-specific purpose; the code is broader and loses clinically meaningful detail." }] }, { "code" : "232658009", "display" : "Double lung transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.KD.AA", "display" : "Lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single \"Lung transplantation\" code under interventions on lung parenchyma but does not distinguish between single and double (bilateral) lung transplant; the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1296603004", "display" : "Drainage of cerebral epidural space by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the cerebral epidural space; \"Drainage of intracranial space\" is the closest anatomical match but covers all intracranial compartments." }] }, { "code" : "1296608008", "display" : "Drainage of cerebral subarachnoid space by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no dedicated category for subarachnoid drainage, making \"Drainage of intracranial space\" the best available fit; broader as it covers all intracranial spaces." }] }, { "code" : "1296605006", "display" : "Drainage of cerebral subdural space by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for subdural space drainage; \"Drainage of intracranial space\" is the most appropriate parent code, broader because it does not distinguish subdural from other intracranial spaces." }] }, { "code" : "241013002", "display" : "Drainage of nail fold infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of nail bed of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's nearest code covers drainage of the nail bed of the finger, anatomically adjacent to but not the same as the nail fold; SNOMED does not specify finger vs toe whereas ICHI separates the two." }] }, { "code" : "836453001", "display" : "Drainage of seroma of bilateral breasts using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous (catheter-based) drainage of the breast but does not capture the bilateral nature, the seroma-specific fluid type, or the dedicated seroma catheter the SNOMED concept specifies." }] }, { "code" : "10936007", "display" : "Drainage of Skene's gland cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Skene's glands (paraurethral glands) are located in the vulvar vestibule, and ICHI has no specific code for these structures; the closest available code covers drainage of the vulva broadly." }] }, { "code" : "1290739008", "display" : "Drainage of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue by body region; LZZ.JB.AA is the residual NEC category covering unspecified-site drainage and also bundles skin alongside subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34309001", "display" : "Drainage of tonsil", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers tonsillar drainage but extends to peritonsillar structures, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the tonsil itself." }] }, { "code" : "723528003", "display" : "Drama therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL2-XG0", "display" : "Creative therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific drama therapy code; the Creative therapy block covers art, music, and analogous creative therapy modalities of which drama therapy is a specific instance, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "385948000", "display" : "Dressing change education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMC.PM.ZZ is the closest code for teaching wound dressing care but is broader, covering all body-part self-care education without encoding wound-dressing technique specifically; note SME.PM.ZZ in ICHI refers to clothing/getting dressed, not wound dressings." }] }, { "code" : "385949008", "display" : "Dressing change management", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Applying or changing a wound dressing maps to external application to skin in ICHI; LZZ.DB.AH covers the physical placement of a dressing but does not specifically encode dressing change as a nursing management activity and is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "302433008", "display" : "Dressing of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Applying a dressing to skin is an external application of a substance to skin and subcutaneous tissue; LZZ.DB.AH is wider as it encompasses all external skin applications and does not specify anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "288174009", "display" : "Dried plasma injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dried (lyophilised) plasma is a blood product, and its injection is a form of blood-product administration captured under transfusion of blood or blood products; the ICHI code is broader, covering all blood and blood products by any route." }] }, { "code" : "1254692007", "display" : "Drilling of bone and biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous bone biopsy in ICHI routinely uses a drill or trephine, so the biopsy component is well represented; the ICHI code is wider because it subsumes drilling within the biopsy action and does not specify bone site." }] }, { "code" : "445057007", "display" : "Drilling toenails of both feet", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBF.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of nail bed of toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Drilling toenails is most commonly performed to create a drainage opening (e.g., for subungual haematoma); the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the drilling technique, and the bilateral aspect would require laterality extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "768729006", "display" : "Drug dosage education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specific to dosage instruction; the ICHI code is therefore wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "117255003", "display" : "Drug screen test method, cut off >1000 ng/ml", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAC.AC.ZZ represents testing for illicit drug use but does not encode any analytical specifics such as the immunoassay cut-off threshold (>1000 ng/ml), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "414060004", "display" : "Drug treatment to delay menstruation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NUB", "display" : "Interventions on menstruation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The NUB block covers all interventions on menstruation functions, but the only assignable leaf codes within it are assessment (NUB.AA.ZZ) and education (NUB.PM.ZZ); there is no specific category code for pharmacological delay or suppression of menstruation." }] }, { "code" : "424172009", "display" : "Dual pressure spontaneous ventilation support weaning protocol", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for mechanical/artificial ventilation and is the best available match for a ventilatory weaning protocol; the SNOMED concept is substantially more specific in mode (dual-pressure spontaneous, e.g. BiPAP) and in describing a structured weaning protocol." }] }, { "code" : "50153003", "display" : "Duhrssen's operation on uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dührssen's operation consists of multiple cervical incisions made to facilitate obstetric delivery; NMF.FA.AC is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the obstetric context, the multiple-incision technique, or the eponymous procedure." }] }, { "code" : "80267006", "display" : "Duodenoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.AE.AD", "display" : "Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no standalone duodenoscopy code; KBI.AE.AD includes endoscopic visualisation of the duodenum but also covers the oesophagus and stomach, making it broader than isolated duodenoscopy." }] }, { "code" : "261597004", "display" : "Dye test of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chromopertubation is a tubal patency test where dye is injected and observed at laparoscopy or under fluoroscopy; ICHI has no dedicated code, so the broader fallopian tube imaging code is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "13256004", "display" : "Dynamic function study, blood clearance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Dynamic function study, blood clearance\" refers to a quantitative or radioisotope study measuring clearance from blood; no organ-specific or radioisotope clearance code exists in ICHI, so the broadly-scoped haematological function test code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "271456009", "display" : "Dynamic non-imaging isotope study: thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE bundles both thyroid scan (imaging) and radioisotope function studies under a single code; ICHI does not distinguish between imaging and non-imaging radioisotope modalities, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "765253000", "display" : "Dynamic radionuclide imaging of liver using radioisotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE bundles static scan and functional radionuclide study into one code and does not distinguish dynamic from static acquisition, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "50260001", "display" : "Dyslexia training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in reading", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dyslexia training is fundamentally a reading intervention; ICHI has no dyslexia-specific code, and SCF.PH.ZZ encompasses all reading training regardless of underlying condition, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "439219008", "display" : "Dysphasia assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dysphasia is a disorder of mental functions of language; ICHI has no dysphasia/aphasia-specific assessment code, so the broader language-function assessment code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "88607004", "display" : "Dysphasia training", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dysphasia training (language rehabilitation) maps to AUI.PH.ZZ which covers training directed at the mental functions of language; no aphasia/dysphasia-specific training code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "557761000005104", "display" : "E-mail consultation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6UP2 is the ICHI Telehealth extension code for any intervention with advice or assistance provided from a distance, encompassing e-mail consultation but also phone, video, and other messaging modalities; no e-mail-specific ICHI code exists." }] }, { "code" : "385898003", "display" : "Ear care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "CZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the ear broadly under the general ear block (BlockL4-CZZ), which aligns with \"ear care assessment\" but is somewhat broader than the structured nursing/clinical care assessment implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410242003", "display" : "Ear wax removal education", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to ear wax education; CTB.PM.ZZ covers education about hearing functions broadly, encompassing patient education about cerumen and its impact on hearing, but is wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1230095007", "display" : "Eating and drinking training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate specific codes for eating (SMF.PH.ZZ) and drinking (SMG.PH.ZZ) training but no single combined code; SM1.PH.ZZ is the parent of both and thus broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1385001", "display" : "Echography, scan B-mode for fetal age determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal structures and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the B-mode technique or the purpose of fetal age determination; ICHI does not have a code specifically for dating scans." }] }, { "code" : "405793004", "display" : "Eclectic psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PQ", "display" : "Psychotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's psychotherapy codes are organised by target domain rather than by therapeutic modality; the action code PQ as a standalone category is the closest representation of generic psychotherapy intervention, but it does not capture the \"eclectic\" approach." }] }, { "code" : "33981001", "display" : "Edrophonium chloride test for myasthenia gravis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The edrophonium (Tensilon) test is a pharmacological challenge for diagnosing myasthenia gravis; MU2.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is considerably broader, covering any test of muscle function without specifying the cholinesterase inhibitor challenge or the diagnostic target." }] }, { "code" : "31350005", "display" : "Edrophonium chloride test with electromyographic recording", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AB.AE", "display" : "Electromyography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.AB.AE covers electromyography in general, but the SNOMED concept is a specific pharmacological provocation procedure with edrophonium administered during EMG recording; ICHI captures the EMG component but is broader, with no code for the drug challenge element." }] }, { "code" : "1303093004", "display" : "Education about adult day care program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to adult day care programs; UEO.PM.ZZ covers education about general social support services, which is the closest available code but substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "710876009", "display" : "Education about ambulation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.PM.ZZ covers education about walking broadly, encompassing ambulation, but does not specify the technique aspect that the SNOMED concept implies; the ICHI code is wider in not differentiating technique-focused from general walking education." }] }, { "code" : "704117005", "display" : "Education about bladder voiding technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTD.PM.ZZ covers education about urination functions broadly and is the most specific available ICHI code, but it does not capture the technique-specific focus of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1281859005", "display" : "Education about breathing techniques for relaxation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.PM.ZZ covers education about respiration function broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about breathing techniques for relaxation; no ICHI code exists for relaxation-targeted breathing education." }] }, { "code" : "717277007", "display" : "Education about burn", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for burn education; LZZ.PM.ZZ is the broadest skin/subcutaneous tissue education code and is the best available proxy, as burns are injuries to the skin and subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "710577006", "display" : "Education about colostomy irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Enterostomy education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A colostomy is a specific type of enterostomy, so PTB.PM.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept which is further narrowed to the irrigation technique; no code for colostomy irrigation education exists separately." }] }, { "code" : "58581000087105", "display" : "Education about complication due to diabetes mellitus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for diabetes complications education specifically; ETB.PM.ZZ covers education about general metabolic functions but is broader as it encompasses all metabolic conditions rather than diabetes complications." }] }, { "code" : "710743004", "display" : "Education about delirium", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Delirium is clinically defined as an acute disturbance of awareness and alertness, and ATC.PM.ZZ targets that functional domain; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers education about awareness and alertness functions generally, not delirium specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1289998004", "display" : "Education about depot contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for contraception education; depot contraception is a method of fertility suppression, so NUD.PM.ZZ is the closest available domain but broader, covering all fertility-related education." }] }, { "code" : "713102008", "display" : "Education about device safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for device safety education; UA1.PM.ZZ is the unspecified umbrella code for education about products and technology, broader because it encompasses all products and technology education without specifying a safety focus." }] }, { "code" : "710823004", "display" : "Education about diagnostic test", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for education about diagnostic tests specifically; diagnostic tests are components of health services, making UEP.PM.ZZ the closest available code but substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "710756006", "display" : "Education about electrolyte therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETE.PM.ZZ covers education about water, mineral, and electrolyte balance functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to electrolyte therapy; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses the full functional domain." }] }, { "code" : "440348009", "display" : "Education about emptying bladder using Credé maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urination functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTD.PM.ZZ captures education about urination functions in general, while the SNOMED concept is highly specific — naming the Credé maneuver (manual suprapubic compression technique); ICHI provides no code at this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "710580007", "display" : "Education about fall prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VCC.PM.ZZ targets home safety behaviours broadly, encompassing fall prevention education in a home/community context, but is wider than the SNOMED concept and does not include clinical inpatient fall-prevention education." }] }, { "code" : "439950001", "display" : "Education about familial urinary cystine stones", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.PM.ZZ is the closest available code, covering education about urinary functions in general, but is far broader than the SNOMED concept which is highly specific to familial cystinuria/cystine nephrolithiasis." }] }, { "code" : "710718005", "display" : "Education about family process", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSJ.PM.ZZ covers education about the activity domain of engaging in family relationships, which is the closest ICHI concept to \"family process\" (the dynamic interactions and functioning within a family unit). ICHI is broader because \"family process\" encompasses internal family dynamics and functioning patterns, whereas SSJ.PM.ZZ is focused on engaging in relationships as an activity." }] }, { "code" : "1371318004", "display" : "Education about family strengthening program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about support from immediate family", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Family strengthening program\" is a structured intervention aimed at reinforcing family cohesion, communication, and resilience; UCB.PM.ZZ (education about support from immediate family) is the closest assignable ICHI code. It is broader because it addresses support from immediate family generally rather than a specific structured strengthening program." }] }, { "code" : "1258903001", "display" : "Education about financial assistance program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEN.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about social security services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Financial assistance programs are a core component of social security services, systems and policies, making UEN.PM.ZZ the best available ICHI code. It is wider because \"social security services, systems and policies\" encompasses a broader set of entitlements and mechanisms beyond financial assistance programs specifically." }] }, { "code" : "716884002", "display" : "Education about fluid output", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fluid output is a clinical parameter directly reflecting water and electrolyte balance; ETE.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code addressing education about the physiological domain of fluid/water/electrolyte balance. It is wider because water-mineral-electrolyte balance encompasses both intake and output as well as mineral regulation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about educating patients on measuring or monitoring fluid output." }] }, { "code" : "698611003", "display" : "Education about footwear", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Footwear (including therapeutic footwear) falls within the ICF/ICHI category of \"products and technology for personal use in daily living,\" and UAD.PM.ZZ is the assignable education code for this target domain. It is wider because UAD.PM.ZZ covers all personal-use products and technology, of which footwear is only one specific item." }] }, { "code" : "710720008", "display" : "Education about head lice infestation", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBQ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about animal vectors of disease", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are ectoparasitic arthropods classified under animal agents of disease, and UBQ.PM.ZZ is the only ICHI education code addressing the environmental/animal disease-vector domain; it is broader because it covers all animal vectors, not specifically head lice or pediculosis." }] }, { "code" : "1153468002", "display" : "Education about impaired cognition", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's AUH target covers higher-level cognitive functions (the domain encompassing impaired cognition) and PM denotes education, but the ICHI code applies to cognitive functions broadly rather than specifically to impaired or disordered cognition, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710356009", "display" : "Education about infant development", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.PM.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code covering education about growth and development, but it applies to all ages and developmental stages rather than specifically to infant development, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710581006", "display" : "Education about managing fever", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about thermoregulatory function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.PM.ZZ covers education about all aspects of thermoregulatory function, of which fever (pyrexia) is the most clinically prominent manifestation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to fever management education." }] }, { "code" : "710885009", "display" : "Education about medication handling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about medication handling (safe use, storage, administration technique). ICHI does not have a narrower code specific to handling/management, so this broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "714255002", "display" : "Education about methadone storage", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to methadone or opioid substitution therapy education, nor any code specific to medication storage; UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is the closest parent concept. The SNOMED concept is far more specific (one drug, one aspect of handling), making the ICHI code considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1259991000", "display" : "Education about microenterprise development program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SVG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in economic self-sufficiency", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Microenterprise development programmes are aimed at enabling economic self-sufficiency through small-scale business activity, which aligns best with SVG.PM.ZZ. ICHI does not have a code specific to microenterprise; SVG.PM.ZZ is broader but captures the underlying goal of the SNOMED concept better than the generic SV2.PM.ZZ." }] }, { "code" : "1259021006", "display" : "Education about Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a structured program targeting stress management, which maps most closely to SDJ.PM.ZZ — education about handling stress and other psychological demands. ICHI has no code for mindfulness-specific or programme-based interventions, so this broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "1230141004", "display" : "Education about nutrition influence on health", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for nutrition-related education, falling under the \"Interventions on food\" block (environment domain). The SNOMED concept specifically concerns how nutrition influences health outcomes, which is not captured by any narrower ICHI code; VEA.PM.ZZ (eating behaviours) was considered but relates to behavioural change rather than knowledge about nutritional effects on health." }] }, { "code" : "430134003", "display" : "Education about oral contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically covers education about oral contraceptives or contraception; the closest available code covers education about sexual functions broadly, which is a wider concept that includes, but is not limited to, contraception. NUD.PM.ZZ (fertility) was considered but contraception targets pregnancy prevention rather than fertility function itself." }] }, { "code" : "1153465004", "display" : "Education about overdosing", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Overdosing is a form of harmful pharmaceutical use behaviour, and ICHI's VAD.PM.ZZ covers education targeting the full spectrum of pharmaceutical use behaviours; this code is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically concerned with overdosing rather than pharmaceutical use behaviours in general." }] }, { "code" : "1268726004", "display" : "Education about peer support program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about support from acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCE.PM.ZZ targets education about the support environment provided by peers and community members, which encompasses education about peer support programs; it is wider because it covers all forms of peer/community support relationships, not just formal peer support programs." }] }, { "code" : "440489008", "display" : "Education about plagiocephaly", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plagiocephaly is a specific condition of asymmetric skull/head shape in infants, and there is no ICHI code targeting cranial morphology or positional deformity education specifically. ETM.PM.ZZ (education about growth and development, under the endocrine/metabolic functions block) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader, covering growth and development in general rather than plagiocephaly specifically." }] }, { "code" : "439164000", "display" : "Education about post term pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-term pregnancy is a specific clinical scenario within the domain of pregnancy, and NUE.PM.ZZ covers education about pregnancy functions broadly. This is the best available ICHI match but it is wider, encompassing all pregnancy-related education rather than the specific risk and management context of post-term gestation." }] }, { "code" : "704116001", "display" : "Education about postcoital contraceptive", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Postcoital (emergency) contraception education is a specific topic within reproductive/fertility health; NUD.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, covering education about fertility functions broadly. No ICHI code exists for contraception education specifically, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "768727008", "display" : "Education about postoperative care after adenotonsillectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for postoperative care education or procedure-specific recovery education; the most applicable code is SM1.PM.ZZ (education about self care, unspecified), which broadly covers patient instruction on self-management after a health intervention. The specific surgical context (adenotonsillectomy recovery) is entirely absent from the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "439366005", "display" : "Education about postpartum depression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Postpartum depression is a specific mood disorder occurring after childbirth; AUD.PM.ZZ covers education about emotional functions generally (within the mental functions hierarchy), which is the closest structural match in ICHI. The code does not capture the postpartum context or the depressive disorder specifically, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "337391000202100", "display" : "Education about prevention of constipation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about all defaecation functions, of which constipation prevention is one specific concern; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is narrowly about preventing constipation." }] }, { "code" : "46869008", "display" : "Education about prevention of pressure injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LT2.PM.ZZ covers education about skin functions broadly (within the integumentary system chapter), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about pressure injury prevention; no more specific pressure-injury education code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "725256009", "display" : "Education about prevention of thromboembolism", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly; thromboembolism prevention is one specific concern within vascular health, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept, and no dedicated thromboembolism-prevention education code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "440314008", "display" : "Education about progressive muscle relaxation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Progressive muscle relaxation is a specific technique for managing muscle tension and stress; SDJ.PM.ZZ covers education about stress and psychological demands broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets a named relaxation method. No ICHI code exists for the specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "735345001", "display" : "Education about puberty and adolescence", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Puberty and adolescence are core aspects of growth and development, making ETM.PM.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; however, it encompasses all growth and developmental stages (not only puberty/adolescence), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710736005", "display" : "Education about relapse prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Relapse prevention education is a behavioural intervention aimed at sustaining psychological health and avoiding recurrence of mental health or substance-related episodes; VEL.PM.ZZ is the best available fit but is substantially broader, covering psychological health behaviours in general without relapse-specific framing." }] }, { "code" : "878855001", "display" : "Education about respiratory tract infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JT2.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code within the respiratory system block for education-type interventions, but it is framed around respiratory functions rather than infectious disease of the respiratory tract, making it broader and not semantically precise." }] }, { "code" : "57281000087107", "display" : "Education about risk of harmful use of diuretic", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diuretics are pharmaceuticals, and harmful use risk education fits within the pharmaceutical use behaviour domain; VAD.PM.ZZ is wider because it covers all pharmaceutical use behaviours rather than harmful use of a specific drug class (diuretics)." }] }, { "code" : "57291000087109", "display" : "Education about risk of harmful use of laxative", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laxatives are pharmaceuticals, and harmful use education maps well to VAD.PM.ZZ, which targets behaviour change around pharmaceutical use. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all pharmaceutical use behaviours, not specifically laxative misuse risk." }] }, { "code" : "698530005", "display" : "Education about safe storage and management of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ sits in the \"Interventions on medicaments\" block within the environment/products-and-technology section and covers education about medications as an environmental entity, which aligns with safe storage and management guidance. The ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to storage and management aspects." }] }, { "code" : "1281855004", "display" : "Education about safety plan for victim of abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBB.PM.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for education directed at persons involved in family or partner violence, which is the predominant context of abuse victim safety planning. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire domain of family and partner violence behaviour education, not the specific act of safety planning with a victim." }] }, { "code" : "1156102003", "display" : "Education about screening for human immunodeficiency virus", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDB.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at influencing uptake of health screening services, which directly aligns with educating patients about HIV screening. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to all screening behaviours rather than HIV screening specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1156103008", "display" : "Education about screening for malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDB.PM.ZZ is the best ICHI code for education about engaging with health screening services, covering the intent of educating patients about cancer screening. The ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to malignant neoplasm screening specifically." }] }, { "code" : "698631004", "display" : "Education about self-help group", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMH.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education in looking after one's health", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for self-help groups as an educational topic; SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match because a self-help group is a vehicle for health self-management education, but the ICHI code is broader, covering general health self-care education rather than the self-help group modality specifically." }] }, { "code" : "704138004", "display" : "Education about self-repositioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Self-repositioning (e.g., pressure injury prevention) is a specific form of changing body position, and SHA.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers education about changing body position in general, not limited to self-performed repositioning." }] }, { "code" : "698629008", "display" : "Education about sleep position", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sleep position is a specific aspect of body positioning, and SHA.PM.ZZ (education about changing body position) is the best available ICHI code; no sleep-position-specific education code exists, so the ICHI code is broader, covering body position change education in general." }] }, { "code" : "710500009", "display" : "Education about susceptibility to infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.PM.ZZ covers education about immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses susceptibility to infection as part of immune function; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically focused on educating about infection susceptibility rather than immunological functions in general." }] }, { "code" : "713647005", "display" : "Education about taking methadone", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Methadone is a pharmaceutical (used in opioid substitution therapy), so education about taking methadone falls within VAD.PM.ZZ (education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours); this ICHI code is broader, as it covers pharmaceutical use behaviours generally rather than education specific to methadone as an opioid substitution or pain management agent." }] }, { "code" : "1258901004", "display" : "Education about telephone support program", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A telephone support program is a specific type of health service delivery. ICHI's closest code covers education about health services, systems and policies broadly, which is wider than the specific telephone-based support program in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1156523003", "display" : "Education about transcutaneous neuromodulation device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A transcutaneous neuromodulation device is a specific medical/therapeutic device used personally; ICHI has no code for neuromodulation devices specifically, but UAD.PM.ZZ covers education about personal-use products and technology, which is the best-fitting broader category available." }] }, { "code" : "710534005", "display" : "Education about treatment regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Treatment regime\" is broader than medications alone and can encompass any therapeutic plan, but UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications/medicaments) is the closest assignable ICHI code since pharmacological regimens are the most common treatment regime context; the SNOMED concept has no single precise ICHI counterpart covering all treatment regimes, making UAC.PM.ZZ the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "1258902006", "display" : "Education about tutoring program", "target" : [{ "code" : "STJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in education life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tutoring program is a specific structured educational support activity; ICHI's STJ.PM.ZZ covers education about engaging in education life broadly, which is the closest available code but wider than the specific concept of a tutoring program." }] }, { "code" : "713095002", "display" : "Education about urinary bladder irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for education about bladder irrigation as a procedure; NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly and is the closest functional parent. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all urinary function education, not specifically the irrigation technique." }] }, { "code" : "713093009", "display" : "Education about urostomy irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Stoma education, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.PM.ZZ covers education about stomas in general (not elsewhere classified), which encompasses urostomies; however, there is no ICHI code specific to urostomy irrigation education, making this a wider match. The SNOMED concept is more specific (urostomy and its irrigation technique), while the ICHI code covers all stoma education." }] }, { "code" : "725260007", "display" : "Education about use of eye glasses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to education about using eyeglasses as a corrective device; BTB.PM.ZZ (education about seeing functions) is the closest available code and sits within the visual system block. It is wider because it covers all education relating to seeing/visual function, not specifically eyeglass use." }] }, { "code" : "713092004", "display" : "Education about use of pill box", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, which is the closest ICHI concept to education about using a pill box (a medication self-management aid). The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all medication-related education rather than specifically the use of a pill organiser device." }] }, { "code" : "1281854000", "display" : "Education about vocational rehabilitation program", "target" : [{ "code" : "STF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in vocational training", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's STF.PM.ZZ covers education about vocational training broadly, which is the closest match, but it does not specifically capture the rehabilitation dimension — the SNOMED concept is more specific in targeting a rehabilitation program context rather than general vocational training education." }] }, { "code" : "1258924006", "display" : "Education about workforce transition program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SU2.PM.ZZ is the best available match, covering education about work and employment, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on workforce transition programs (e.g., career change, return-to-work, or job transition support). No ICHI code specifically represents \"workforce transition.\"" }] }, { "code" : "736809004", "display" : "Education for female condom", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to contraception or female condom use. Education about sexual functions (NUA.PM.ZZ) is the closest match, covering the domain of sexual health education, but it is broader — it covers all sexual functions rather than the specific topic of female condom use and contraception." }] }, { "code" : "174351000", "display" : "Educational session with patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes education interventions tied to a specific target (body function, activity, or environment) rather than as a generic educational encounter. Education about self care, unspecified (SM1.PM.ZZ) is the broadest general-purpose patient education code available, but it is scoped to self-care content, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which could encompass any educational topic delivered to a patient." }] }, { "code" : "14747002", "display" : "Elective immunization for international travel", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader because DTB.VD.AE encodes only the act of percutaneous vaccination without capturing the travel indication or elective context, meaning any percutaneous vaccination maps here regardless of purpose." }] }, { "code" : "177143000", "display" : "Elective lower segment cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single code for all caesarean deliveries without any distinction by uterine segment (lower vs upper) or by urgency (elective vs emergency). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736026009", "display" : "Elective lower segment cesarean section with bilateral tubal ligation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no combined procedure code for caesarean section plus tubal ligation; the tubal occlusion component would need to be coded separately. The best single code captures only the delivery by caesarean section, omitting both the segment specificity and the sterilisation procedure, making it significantly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177142005", "display" : "Elective upper segment cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the lower segment variant, ICHI does not distinguish upper (classical) from lower segment caesarean section; the single delivery-by-caesarean-section code covers all uterine incision approaches, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736018001", "display" : "Elective upper segment cesarean section with bilateral tubal ligation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI cannot represent the combined procedure in a single code, nor the upper-segment specificity nor the elective nature; the caesarean delivery code alone is considerably broader than this compound SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252495008", "display" : "Electric dental pulp vitality test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for electric pulp testing or any pulp vitality assessment; the closest available code is the general dental examination category, which is far broader and encompasses many types of tooth/dental assessments beyond pulp vitality testing." }] }, { "code" : "180328001", "display" : "Electrical sinus rhythm conversion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of any cardiac arrhythmia and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to electrical (direct-current cardioversion) restoration of sinus rhythm; no ICHI code specifies the electrical means of arrhythmia conversion, so the broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "29303009", "display" : "Electrocardiographic procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AC.AH", "display" : "Electrocardiogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTB.AC.AH represents a standard resting ECG under a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category, while the SNOMED concept is a broader grouper covering all ECG-based procedures (including exercise ECG, ambulatory monitoring, etc.); the ICHI NEC code is used as the best proxy, with the SNOMED term encompassing multiple ICHI codes." }] }, { "code" : "709187004", "display" : "Electrocardiography via fetal scalp electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AI.AC", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring broadly, which includes all invasive fetal monitoring methods. Electrocardiography via fetal scalp electrodes is one specific form of internal monitoring, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303395008", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of duodenal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBI.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of a duodenal lesion by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the technique. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all endoscopic destructive methods (e.g., laser, argon plasma, electrocoagulation), not just electrocoagulation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "23121008", "display" : "Electrocoagulation of lesion of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of a rectal lesion by any method, while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the destruction technique. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all endoscopic destructive modalities applied to rectal lesions, not solely electrocoagulation." }] }, { "code" : "33302002", "display" : "Electrocorticogram with photic stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated electrocorticography code; the closest available code is \"Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified\" under brain interventions, which is broader as it does not capture the direct cortical recording technique or the specific photic stimulation component." }] }, { "code" : "450485008", "display" : "Electrodesiccation of lesion of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for electrodesiccation; the skin destruction codes that exist (e.g. LAA.GA.AH, LAB.GA.AH) are each tied to a specific body region rather than skin-at-large, and none name electrodesiccation explicitly, so the block-level \"Interventions on skin\" is the best representable grouping without committing to an incorrect body site." }] }, { "code" : "72944003", "display" : "Electrodesiccation with curettage", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for electrodesiccation with curettage as a combined procedure; the region-specific skin destruction codes (GA action axis) do not encode the curettage component or the electrical desiccation technique, making the skin block the most defensible wider match." }] }, { "code" : "23162002", "display" : "Electroencephalogram awake and asleep with stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers EEG broadly and has no mechanism to encode the specific protocol variants of awake/asleep state or the stimulation component (photic, hyperventilation, etc.), making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies both sleep stage and provocative stimulation." }] }, { "code" : "29203007", "display" : "Electroencephalographic biofeedback", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EEG biofeedback (neurofeedback) uses EEG signals as the basis for a therapeutic feedback/training intervention, whereas ICHI's AAA.AF.AH covers EEG as a diagnostic/assessment procedure without encoding the biofeedback training component. The ICHI code captures the EEG measurement aspect but is broader in that it includes any NEC EEG use and does not represent the feedback loop or therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "53203000", "display" : "Electroencephalographic biofeedback, alpha wave", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a more specific form of EEG biofeedback targeting alpha wave frequencies, which has no dedicated ICHI code; AAA.AF.AH is the closest available code, covering EEG not elsewhere classified, but loses the biofeedback intent and the alpha-wave specificity entirely." }] }, { "code" : "51168006", "display" : "Electroencephalographic biofeedback, central synchrony", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Central synchrony is a specific EEG biofeedback modality targeting synchronisation of central cortical rhythms; no dedicated ICHI code exists for any EEG biofeedback variant, so AAA.AF.AH (EEG NEC) serves only as an approximate parent-level anchor, losing both the biofeedback and the central-synchrony dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "72635001", "display" : "Electroencephalographic biofeedback, theta wave", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AF.AH", "display" : "Electroencephalography, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Theta-wave EEG biofeedback is a specific neurofeedback protocol with no dedicated ICHI representation; AAA.AF.AH is the only EEG-related assignable code that could anchor this concept, but it is purely diagnostic in intent and omits the biofeedback and theta-specificity dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "1287469003", "display" : "Electrofulguration", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electrofulguration is a high-frequency electrical technique used to destroy superficial skin tissue and lesions; ICHI has no electrosurgery- or electrodesiccation-specific code, so LZZ.GA.AH is the best available code — it correctly captures the target organ (skin) and action (destruction) but is broader because it encompasses all non-classified destruction methods, not just electrical fulguration." }] }, { "code" : "274996002", "display" : "Electrolysis of eyelash", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of skin appendage of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electrolysis of an eyelash is a percutaneous electrical destruction of a hair-follicle skin appendage on the head/face, which maps to this code; however ICHI does not distinguish the electrolytic technique within this code, and \"skin appendage of head or neck\" is broader than the eyelash specifically, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "252471006", "display" : "Electromagnetic flowmetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electromagnetic flowmetry is a technique for measuring blood flow through vessels; the closest ICHI code (ITB.AB.AH) is broader as it covers any non-invasive measurement of blood vessel function without specifying the electromagnetic technique." }] }, { "code" : "36430006", "display" : "Electromyographic biofeedback", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AB.AE", "display" : "Electromyography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electromyographic biofeedback uses EMG signals therapeutically to retrain muscle control; ICHI's MRM.AB.AE covers EMG as a diagnostic/assessment procedure at an unspecified muscle site, broader in scope as it does not capture the therapeutic biofeedback aspect or training/rehabilitation intent." }] }, { "code" : "252758009", "display" : "Electromyography of anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AB.AE", "display" : "Electromyography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific EMG codes for muscle (MRM.AB.AE) and urethral EMG (NAM.AB.AE), but no dedicated anal sphincter electromyography code exists; MRM.AB.AE is the best available match but is broader, lacking both the anatomical specificity (anal sphincter) and the sphincter-function context." }] }, { "code" : "50511005", "display" : "Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system with reprogramming", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management (including interrogation and reprogramming) of a pacemaker or defibrillator system, encompassing this concept, but is broader as it does not specify dual-chamber configuration nor distinguish between analysis with versus without reprogramming." }] }, { "code" : "51310003", "display" : "Electronic analysis of dual chamber internal cardiac pacemaker system without reprogramming", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AH (pacemaker/defibrillator function check) best captures an analysis/interrogation without parameter changes, aligning with the \"without reprogramming\" element; however the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify dual-chamber or distinguish from defibrillator systems." }] }, { "code" : "84183007", "display" : "Electronic analysis of internal pacemaker system, complete", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A complete electronic analysis of an internal pacemaker system is functionally equivalent to a pacemaker function check; ICHI is wider because it also covers defibrillator systems and does not specify the completeness of the evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "28256002", "display" : "Electronic wave or pacemaker analysis, remote", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AH", "display" : "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The remote modality (telehealth/remote transmission) is not captured in HFC.SN.AH itself — in ICHI the remote delivery aspect would be represented via an extension code (e.g., from the Telehealth block XG6) rather than a standalone code, so the best base code is the pacemaker function check, making the match wider." }] }, { "code" : "670008", "display" : "Electrosurgical epilation of eyebrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of skin appendage of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LBA.GA.AA covers destruction of any skin appendage (including hair follicles) in the head or neck region using any method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically electrosurgical destruction of hair follicles restricted to the eyebrow; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and technique." }] }, { "code" : "422779009", "display" : "Elevation of affected extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Elevation of an extremity is a specific form of positioning (gravity-assisted drainage/support), and PZX.LD.ZZ covers any positioning of any body part without specifying direction or purpose; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and the specific positional intent." }] }, { "code" : "82446004", "display" : "Elevation of bone fragments for fracture of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for elevation/reduction of orbital bone fragments; the closest assignable category is \"Repair of orbit\" (BAM.MK.AA), which encompasses fracture repair of the orbital walls but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific fracture-fragment elevation procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1259949002", "display" : "Elevation of gingival flap and open debridement of surface of oral implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JG.AC", "display" : "Debridement of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to peri-implant surgery involving a gingival flap; the closest match is the residual/NEC debridement code for the oral cavity (KAZ.JG.AC), which captures the debridement component but is broader, omitting the gingival flap elevation and the implant surface context." }] }, { "code" : "449695009", "display" : "Elevation of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Limb elevation as a therapeutic nursing or rehabilitation intervention maps to the positioning action category, but ICHI only has a non-specific NEC code (PZX.LD.ZZ) rather than one targeted to the lower limb, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "46748004", "display" : "Elevation of orbital bone fragments of maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This procedure involves elevating impacted orbital bony fragments associated with the maxillary sinus (typically a blow-out/antral fracture repair approach), which corresponds most closely to open reduction of the maxillary bone; this code is wider because it covers all open maxillary bone reductions rather than specifically the displacement/elevation of orbital fragments into the maxillary sinus." }] }, { "code" : "232568005", "display" : "Elevation of scarred plaque of vocal fold", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Elevating a scarred plaque of the vocal fold is a microlaryngoscopic local excision/resection of a lesion at the laryngeal level; ICHI codes target the larynx rather than the individual vocal fold, and JAN.JI.AC is the best available match, though broader because it covers all laryngeal lesion excisions without distinguishing the vocal fold specifically." }] }, { "code" : "449680007", "display" : "Elevation of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for upper limb elevation; the closest available code covers positioning of any body part not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "7122004", "display" : "Embolectomy of abdominal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"extraction of obstruction\" code for abdominal or pelvic vein; the IED block lacks this action. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedure action (embolectomy) but applies to any blood vessel not covered elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "38764003", "display" : "Embolectomy of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neither the thoracic nor abdominal aorta blocks in ICHI contain an \"extraction of obstruction\" (embolectomy) code — only endarterectomy and bypass are present. IZE.JE.AA correctly represents the procedure action (removal of an embolic obstruction from a vessel) but is non-specific regarding the aorta as the target site." }] }, { "code" : "233480007", "display" : "Embolectomy of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for embolectomy of an arteriovenous fistula; the only AV-fistula-related code is IZA.SN.AF (management of arteriovenous shunt), which is a maintenance concept rather than a thromboembolectomy. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedural action but does not specify the AV fistula as the target structure." }] }, { "code" : "233481006", "display" : "Embolectomy of arteriovenous graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code distinguishing an arteriovenous graft from a native vessel for embolectomy purposes; IZE.JE.AA is the best available functional match, representing extraction of an obstruction from a blood vessel without specifying the AV graft target." }] }, { "code" : "397034000", "display" : "Embolectomy of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a vein (not an artery), but ICHI has no \"extraction of obstruction from vein, NEC\" code in the IZD block; the closest residual is IZE.JE.AA which covers any blood vessel NEC. This ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses both arteries and veins without site specification." }] }, { "code" : "13419005", "display" : "Embolization of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Therapeutic embolization of an abdominal artery maps well to this ICHI code. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses pelvic arteries in addition to abdominal arteries, and specifies an endovascular means which is the standard approach; the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach." }] }, { "code" : "711277004", "display" : "Embolization of abdominal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Therapeutic embolization of an abdominal vein maps to this ICHI code, which also includes pelvic veins, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept. As with the artery equivalent, the ICHI code specifies an endovascular approach while the SNOMED concept leaves the approach unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "448991009", "display" : "Embolization of aneurysm of renal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The renal artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery, so IEA.LA.AF captures the vessel territory, but the ICHI code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the renal artery specifically, and does not convey that the target is an aneurysm — making ICHI broader on both dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "88450001", "display" : "Embolization of artery of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.LA.AF is a strong match in procedure type (endovascular embolisation/occlusion) and anatomical region, but the ICHI code encompasses both head and neck arteries whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to arteries of the head only, making ICHI the broader of the two." }] }, { "code" : "23017004", "display" : "Embolization of artery of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches on anatomical target (artery of lower limb) and procedure type (endovascular embolisation), but specifies \"endovascular\" approach and adds \"or occlusion,\" making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain to an endovascular route. In practice these are functionally near-equivalent, but the ICHI title encompasses more than the SNOMED display." }] }, { "code" : "68159003", "display" : "Embolization of artery of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers arteries of both head and neck combined, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to arteries of the neck specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader. No separate neck-only artery embolisation code exists in ICHI at the category level." }] }, { "code" : "88971002", "display" : "Embolization of artery of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anatomical target matches precisely (artery of upper limb), but ICHI specifies the endovascular approach and pairs embolisation with occlusion, making it slightly broader; the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral." }] }, { "code" : "233325004", "display" : "Embolization of branch of external carotid artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI category specific to the external carotid artery or its branches; the best available code covers all extracranial arteries of the head and neck broadly, which subsumes the external carotid branches but is considerably less specific than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449172001", "display" : "Embolization of intraabdominal arteriovenous malformation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) — a more specific lesion type. ICHI has no dedicated AVM-specific embolisation code for the abdominal region, making this the best available match at a broader level." }] }, { "code" : "448313001", "display" : "Embolization of intracranial aneurysm using catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF captures endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery by catheter-based approach (means axis AF = endovascular/transluminal), which matches the procedural intent of aneurysm coiling. However, ICHI does not distinguish aneurysm as a specific target lesion, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230910009", "display" : "Embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF is the closest ICHI code covering endovascular embolisation of intracranial arterial structures, but it does not specifically encode the AVM as the target lesion; ICHI has no dedicated intracranial AVM embolisation category, so the mapping is wider." }] }, { "code" : "233425000", "display" : "Embolization of intracranial vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IAD (intracranial vein) block contains only imaging codes — there is no dedicated embolisation/occlusion code for intracranial veins. IBD.LA.AF covers embolisation of any vein of the head and neck (a broader anatomical region that subsumes the intracranial veins), making it the best available match but wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "233220007", "display" : "Embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HID.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the pulmonary artery broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) as the target lesion. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pulmonary AVM embolisation, so this broader code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "233327007", "display" : "Embolization of spinal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code specific to the spinal artery; the spinal arteries arise from the vertebral artery and are accessed via the extracranial head-and-neck arterial system, making IBA.LA.AF the closest anatomical fit. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all arteries of the head and neck, not the spinal artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "301070009", "display" : "Embolization of subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the subclavian artery under \"vessels of upper limb\" (BlockL4-ICA), and ICA.LA.AF is the designated embolisation code for that block; no subclavian-specific code exists. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries, not the subclavian alone." }] }, { "code" : "301078002", "display" : "Embolization of suprarenal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The suprarenal (adrenal) artery is an abdominal artery with no dedicated ICHI code; IEA.LA.AF, which covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery, is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses the entire abdominal/pelvic arterial territory." }] }, { "code" : "312138002", "display" : "Embolization of uterine artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uterine artery is a pelvic artery with no dedicated ICHI code; IEA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of any abdominal or pelvic artery and is the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all abdominal and pelvic arteries rather than the uterine artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "176499004", "display" : "Embolization of varicocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus / internal spermatic vein, which is a pelvic vein, so embolization of a varicocele falls within this code. However, IED.LA.AF covers the entire category of abdominal or pelvic vein embolisation and is not specific to the gonadal/spermatic vein, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236987005", "display" : "Emergency cesarean hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AA", "display" : "Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Emergency caesarean hysterectomy is a combined obstetric procedure involving delivery by caesarean section followed by total hysterectomy, typically for uncontrollable haemorrhage; ICHI has no single combined code, and NME.JK.AA captures only the hysterectomy component (the dominant/definitive intervention) while losing both the obstetric context and the emergency qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "174039006", "display" : "Emergency excision of normal appendix", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBO.JK.AA", "display" : "Appendicectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBO.JK.AA represents appendicectomy in general without distinguishing whether the appendix is normal (incidental/prophylactic removal) or diseased, nor does it capture the emergency setting, so the ICHI code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "236985002", "display" : "Emergency lower segment cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA covers all caesarean deliveries regardless of technique or urgency, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the lower-segment approach and the emergency (unplanned) nature; no more specific ICHI code exists for lower-segment or emergency caesarean variants." }] }, { "code" : "391035008", "display" : "Emergency mental health assessment - 24 hour intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ captures the core act of assessing mental functions, which aligns with the procedural essence of this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not convey the emergency setting, the 24-hour intensive duration, or the specific psychosocial framing." }] }, { "code" : "391036009", "display" : "Emergency mental health assessment - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly, but does not encode the emergency context, the 24-hour non-intensive service delivery model, or any intensity/duration qualifier. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "391054008", "display" : "Emergency mental health assessment - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ maps to the core assessment-of-mental-functions action but does not distinguish the emergency setting, daily frequency, or intensive level that characterise this SNOMED concept, making it a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "391038005", "display" : "Emergency mental health assessment - Part day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the mental health assessment action but omits the emergency framing and the part-day/day-care service-delivery model; it is broader than this SNOMED concept in the same way as the other two emergency mental health assessment variants." }] }, { "code" : "175568007", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal artery of lower limb by anastomosis of aorta to common femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LI.AA correctly captures an open bypass/anastomosis of the lower limb arterial system, which is the operative mechanism of an aortofemoral bypass, but it does not encode the aneurysmal pathology, the emergency setting, the aortic origin, or the specific recipient vessel (common femoral artery)." }] }, { "code" : "175569004", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal artery of lower limb by anastomosis of aorta to superficial femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 175568007 — IFA.LI.AA covers open bypass of the lower limb artery but cannot distinguish the superficial femoral artery as the specific distal anastomotic target, nor the aneurysmal indication or emergency context." }] }, { "code" : "175566006", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal common iliac artery by anastomosis of aorta to common iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes an open anastomotic bypass specifically of the common iliac artery for aneurysm under emergency conditions, while IEA.LI.AA covers any bypass of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specificity for emergency setting, aneurysm indication, or the common iliac as the target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "233367008", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal deep femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Replacement of an aneurysmal vessel by graft interposition is best captured by \"reconstruction\" (ML action axis) rather than bypass; however IFA.ML.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all lower limb arteries, not specifically the deep femoral, and does not encode the emergency or aneurysm context." }] }, { "code" : "1296486004", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Emergency aneurysm replacement of the femoral artery is an open graft interposition/reconstruction; IFA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI category but is broader, applying to any reconstructive procedure on any lower limb artery without specifying the femoral artery, aneurysm indication, or emergency context." }] }, { "code" : "175626001", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal femoral artery by anastomosis of femoral artery to tibial artery using vein graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific femorotibial open bypass using a vein conduit performed emergently for aneurysm, which maps best to IFA.LI.AA (open bypass of a lower limb artery); the ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the femoral-to-tibial route, vein graft technique, or emergency/aneurysm indication." }] }, { "code" : "175567002", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of aorta to external iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes an emergency open aorto-external iliac anastomotic bypass for aneurysm, which aligns structurally with IEA.LI.AA; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any bypass of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specifying the external iliac target vessel, aortic origin, aneurysm indication, or emergency context." }] }, { "code" : "175564009", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of femoral artery to femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific femoro-femoral bypass technique used to replace an aneurysmal iliac artery (a named surgical configuration), while IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery without specifying technique or anastomotic configuration. ICHI does not distinguish iliac artery specifically nor the femoral-to-femoral bypass approach, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "175570003", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis of iliac artery to iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an iliac-to-iliac direct anastomosis technique for emergency aneurysm replacement, whereas IEA.ML.AA captures reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery regardless of technique or anastomotic configuration. The ICHI code is broader in both anatomical scope (any abdominal/pelvic artery) and procedural detail." }] }, { "code" : "233366004", "display" : "Emergency replacement of aneurysmal popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The popliteal artery is a lower limb artery, so IFA.ML.AA is the correct anatomical block; however, ICHI has no popliteal-specific code and the ICHI code covers any lower limb artery reconstruction without specifying the popliteal vessel or the aneurysm indication. The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "236986001", "display" : "Emergency upper segment cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA covers all delivery by caesarean section regardless of urgency or uterine segment; it does not distinguish the \"emergency\" nature or the \"upper segment\" (classical vs. lower-uterine) specificity encoded in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "228651001", "display" : "Employment retraining", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Employment retraining is a specific form of training aimed at re-entering or changing employment, which falls squarely within the ICHI concept of training in engaging in work and employment; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any work/employment training, not specifically the retraining/re-skilling aspect." }] }, { "code" : "3257008", "display" : "Empty and measure peritoneal dialysis fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific step within peritoneal dialysis — draining and volumetrically measuring the effluent — whereas the ICHI code covers the entire peritoneal dialysis procedure, making it broader than this single procedural component." }] }, { "code" : "1231437004", "display" : "Empty can test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of muscle power functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The empty can test (Jobe's test) is a specific orthopaedic provocation manoeuvre to assess supraspinatus (rotator cuff) muscle strength and integrity; no specific ICHI code exists for this named clinical test, and MUB.AA.ZZ (assessment of muscle power functions) is the closest broader functional assessment category that encompasses what the test measures." }] }, { "code" : "225174004", "display" : "Emptying colostomy bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Emptying a colostomy bag is a routine stoma maintenance task that is a component of stoma management; ICHI has no code for this specific action, and PTD.SN.AC (management of stoma, not elsewhere classified) is the closest available code, covering the broader category of stoma care activities of which bag emptying is one part." }] }, { "code" : "713058002", "display" : "End of life care planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ covers individualised care planning for a whole person with unspecified means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically scoped to end-of-life context. ICHI has no dedicated end-of-life care planning code, so this is the closest available match within the \"Interventions on whole person\" block." }] }, { "code" : "405340003", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a popliteal-artery-specific code; the target granularity stops at \"artery of lower limb.\" IFA.ML.AA (reconstruction) best captures the combined endarterectomy-plus-angioplasty-with-prosthesis concept as a reconstructive vascular procedure, but it is broader in target (all lower limb arteries) and does not encode graft material." }] }, { "code" : "405342006", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of popliteal artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical structural reasoning as SNOMED 405340003 — ICHI encodes the combined reconstructive procedure at the lower limb artery level without popliteal specificity or graft-material distinction; the vein graft detail is sub-ICHI granularity that could only be captured via an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "405388000", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) is an artery of the lower limb; ICHI does not distinguish it from other lower limb arteries. IFA.ML.AA (reconstruction of artery of lower limb) is the best available code for this combined endarterectomy-plus-angioplasty-with-prosthesis procedure, but it is broader in both target anatomy and procedural detail." }] }, { "code" : "405387005", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of profunda femoris artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery, without distinguishing the specific vessel (profunda femoris) or the vein patch component of the angioplasty. The ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept on both the vessel specificity and the compound nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "405405000", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any abdominal or pelvic artery and does not distinguish the renal artery specifically, nor does it capture the angioplasty with prosthesis patch component. The ICHI code is broader on both vessel specificity and procedure detail." }] }, { "code" : "405404001", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of renal artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for a renal artery endarterectomy, but it is broader in that it does not capture the renal artery specifically or the vein patch angioplasty component." }] }, { "code" : "405341004", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code but covers all lower limb arteries without distinguishing the superficial femoral artery, and does not encode the prosthesis patch angioplasty component of the combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "405339000", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA is the closest ICHI match but is broader, lacking specificity for the superficial femoral artery and not encoding the vein patch angioplasty component." }] }, { "code" : "405336007", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The tibio-peroneal artery is a lower limb artery, so IFA.JE.AA covers the endarterectomy component, but ICHI does not capture the combined angioplasty procedure, the prosthetic patch/graft material, or the specific tibio-peroneal vessel — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405335006", "display" : "Endarterectomy and angioplasty of tibio-peroneal artery with vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery but does not distinguish the tibio-peroneal vessel, the combined angioplasty step, or the vein patch material, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "447746007", "display" : "Endarterectomy and patch repair of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal artery group covered by IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific vessel (inferior mesenteric) or the associated patch repair component of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "7642007", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a close match — both describe endarterectomy of an abdominal artery — however ICHI extends scope to also include pelvic arteries, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to abdominal arteries." }] }, { "code" : "450512004", "display" : "Endarterectomy of axillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any upper limb artery, while the SNOMED concept specifies the axillary artery in particular. ICHI does not have a more granular code for the axillary artery, so the best match is one level broader." }] }, { "code" : "233298008", "display" : "Endarterectomy of common carotid artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.JE.AA applies to the extracranial carotid artery as a whole, which includes the common, internal, and external carotid arteries; the SNOMED concept is specific to the common carotid. No more granular ICHI code for the common carotid exists within this block." }] }, { "code" : "233307006", "display" : "Endarterectomy of common femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA covers endarterectomy of any lower limb artery; the SNOMED concept is specific to the common femoral artery. ICHI has no dedicated code for the common femoral artery, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "441483001", "display" : "Endo-esophageal ultrasonography of mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.BA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes endoscopic ultrasonography by the organ carrying the scope (oesophagus as target/route), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the mediastinum as the structure being imaged; ICHI has no dedicated code for EUS of the mediastinum, so the oesophageal EUS code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431553009", "display" : "Endoanal ultrasound examination of rectal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.BA.BK", "display" : "Endoanal ultrasound", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's endoanal ultrasound code covers the anus and anal canal as the anatomical context without specifying the rectal sphincter as the target structure; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the rectal (anal) sphincter as the structure under examination." }] }, { "code" : "441561002", "display" : "Endobronchial ultrasound examination of mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.BA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Analogous to the oesophageal EUS mapping, ICHI encodes this as endoscopic ultrasonography of the bronchus (the instrument route) and has no dedicated code for EBUS specifically targeting mediastinal structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "268549006", "display" : "Endocrine/metabolic screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions under the endocrine system chapter and is the closest functional match to an endocrine/metabolic screening encounter, but it is broader — it encompasses any assessment of metabolic function rather than a targeted screening programme for specific endocrine or metabolic conditions." }] }, { "code" : "71387007", "display" : "Endodontic dental consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the best available match for a dental consultation encounter within the teeth interventions block, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept — it does not distinguish the endodontic specialty focus or the generation of a formal consultation report." }] }, { "code" : "420029005", "display" : "Endolaser photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endolaser photocoagulation is a laser-based destruction of retinal tissue, making BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina — target: retina, action: destruction, means: open) the best structural match; however, ICHI has no photocoagulation or laser means code, so the code is broader and does not capture the specific laser/photocoagulation technique used endoscopically during vitreoretinal surgery." }] }, { "code" : "386801007", "display" : "Endometrial scraping", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AC", "display" : "Dilatation and curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for endometrial scraping alone; the closest match is \"Dilatation and curettage of uterus\" (NME.JE.AC), which involves mechanical scraping of the endometrium but is broader because it also includes the dilation step. The suction curettage code (NME.JB.AC) was considered but scraping implies sharp curettage, making NME.JE.AC the better fit despite the wider scope." }] }, { "code" : "1333966001", "display" : "Endoscopic balloon dilation of bilateral bronchi", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code for endoscopic dilatation of bronchus matches on target, action, and approach (endoscopic), but it is broader because it does not specify the balloon technique nor the bilateral nature of the procedure — the SNOMED concept is more granular on both counts." }] }, { "code" : "89311007", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of jejunum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a jejunum-specific endoscopic biopsy code; the best available code covers the small intestine NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the jejunum as the target site." }] }, { "code" : "71367006", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of sphincter of Oddi", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers either the biliary duct or the sphincter of Oddi jointly, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the sphincter of Oddi; however, it is the most precise match available and explicitly names the sphincter of Oddi." }] }, { "code" : "235155001", "display" : "Endoscopic Congo Red Test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.AE.AD", "display" : "Gastroscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for chromoendoscopy, intragastric dye testing, or the Congo Red acid-secretion test specifically; gastroscopy (KBF.AE.AD) captures the endoscopic examination of the stomach but is far broader, covering any gastroscopic procedure rather than this specific diagnostic dye test." }] }, { "code" : "450514003", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transurethral (endoscopic) destruction is the correct approach, matching the endoscopic qualifier in SNOMED, but the ICHI code targets the prostate broadly rather than a specific lesion, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies destruction of a lesion only." }] }, { "code" : "8869009", "display" : "Endoscopic dilation of gastrojejunostomy site", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gastrojejunostomy site spans the stomach-jejunum junction; ICHI has no specific code for anastomosis-site dilatation, so the endoscopic dilatation of small intestine (NEC) code is the best available fit. It is broader because it covers any small intestinal dilatation rather than specifically the gastrojejunostomy anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "698735002", "display" : "Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bezoar in stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for lithotripsy or electrohydraulic fragmentation of a gastric bezoar; KBF.JD.AD is the closest conceptual match since a bezoar is a gastric foreign body/concretion, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish lithotripsy/fragmentation from simple removal, nor specify the bezoar as target." }] }, { "code" : "698413006", "display" : "Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of duodenal bezoar", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a lithotripsy or fragmentation code for the duodenum, so the nearest match is endoscopic removal of a foreign body from the duodenum; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all endoscopic foreign body removal from the duodenum without specifying the electrohydraulic technique or bezoar target." }] }, { "code" : "433166009", "display" : "Endoscopic esophageal dilation using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LG.AD captures the endoscopic dilatation of the oesophagus precisely, but the SNOMED concept specifies fluoroscopic guidance as the means, which adds a layer of detail not encoded in the ICHI code; the ICHI code is therefore broader as it applies to all endoscopic oesophageal dilatation regardless of guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "447326000", "display" : "Endoscopic ethmoidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAH.FA.AA", "display" : "Ethmoidotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAH.FA.AA is the dedicated ethmoidotomy code in ICHI and matches the procedure concept precisely; however, the means axis (AA = open approach) does not have a dedicated endoscopic variant in ICHI for ethmoidotomy specifically, making the open-coded JAH.FA.AA broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies endoscopic approach." }] }, { "code" : "1217116004", "display" : "Endoscopic examination of ileoanal pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.AE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ileoanal pouch (J-pouch) is a surgically constructed reservoir from terminal ileum; ICHI has no dedicated code for pouchoscopy, so the closest available code is endoscopy of small intestine NEC, which is broader in that it covers all small intestinal endoscopy rather than specifically this pouch anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "1217118003", "display" : "Endoscopic examination of lower bowel and biopsy of lesion of lower bowel", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines colonoscopy with targeted biopsy of the lower bowel (colon and rectum); KBP.AD.AD captures the defining element — the endoscopic biopsy of the colon — but is wider because it does not encode the combined examination-plus-biopsy nature and does not explicitly include the rectum." }] }, { "code" : "56078005", "display" : "Endoscopic excision of lesion of sphincter of Oddi", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is a close match for endoscopic excision at the sphincter of Oddi but its scope extends to biliary duct lesions as well, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted specifically to the sphincter of Oddi." }] }, { "code" : "446445003", "display" : "Endoscopic excision of prostate using holmium laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.JJ.AD captures transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy (which encompasses HoLEP/holmium laser enucleation of the prostate), but ICHI does not distinguish the specific laser modality used; the alternative NGA.GA.AD represents tissue destruction rather than excision/enucleation, making NGA.JJ.AD the better fit despite being broader in technique." }] }, { "code" : "173928004", "display" : "Endoscopic extirpation of lesion of jejunum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.JI.AD matches the endoscopic approach and local lesion excision action precisely, but ICHI classifies the jejunum under \"small intestine, not elsewhere classified\" — a broader anatomical grouping — rather than providing a jejunum-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "789171004", "display" : "Endoscopic forehead and brow lift", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for endoscopic brow or forehead lift; the closest available code is LAA.LL.AA (reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck), which covers the general concept of skin reduction in that region but is broader (not specific to the forehead/brow or to the endoscopic approach)." }] }, { "code" : "274472002", "display" : "Endoscopic gastrointestinal tract dilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers endoscopic dilation anywhere in the GI tract, while ICHI has site-specific endoscopic dilatation codes (oesophagus, duodenum, colon, rectum, etc.). KZZ.LG.AD is the broadest available intestinal dilatation NEC code but still excludes the oesophagus and stomach, making it wider than any individual site code but narrower than the full GI tract scope of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713167000", "display" : "Endoscopic harvesting of radial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of artery for graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JH.AA covers procurement (harvesting) of any artery for graft use but is not specific to the radial artery, nor does it capture the endoscopic approach (the means axis uses AA = open/unspecified rather than an endoscopic means). No more specific radial artery procurement code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1303802002", "display" : "Endoscopic injection of epinephrine into lesion of stomach for control of hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DB.AD matches precisely on target (stomach), action (administration/injection of agent into lesion), and approach (endoscopic), but is broader because it does not specify the agent (epinephrine/adrenaline) or the haemostatic intent; the SNOMED concept is a clinically narrower, purpose-defined specialisation of this ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "426133008", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of prosthesis into prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AD", "display" : "Transurethral insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.DL.AD covers transurethral (endoscopic) insertion of a device into the prostate, which encompasses prosthesis/implant placement. ICHI uses the broader term \"device\" rather than specifying \"prosthesis,\" making the ICHI code wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "425452004", "display" : "Endoscopic laser ablation of placental arterio-venous anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.GA.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of vessels of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.GA.AB matches the endoscopic approach and destruction of placental vessels, which is the core procedure for fetoscopic laser coagulation of arterio-venous anastomoses (as in twin-twin transfusion syndrome treatment). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means, nor restrict to arterio-venous anastomoses specifically." }] }, { "code" : "174209005", "display" : "Endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of sigmoid colon using rigid sigmoidoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no sigmoid-colon-specific destruction code; the closest is KBP.GA.AD which covers endoscopic destruction of a lesion in the colon broadly. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify sigmoid colon, the laser means, or the rigid sigmoidoscope instrument." }] }, { "code" : "175953004", "display" : "Endoscopic laser fragmentation of renal calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AD", "display" : "Retrograde pyeloscopy with destruction of renal lesion or tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AD represents retrograde endoscopic (pyeloscopic) destruction of renal lesion or tissue, which encompasses laser fragmentation of a renal calculus as the destruction action performed via endoscopy. The ICHI code is wider because \"renal lesion or tissue\" is broader than calculus specifically, and the laser means is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "609195004", "display" : "Endoscopic laser surgery on lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction/ablation of an oesophageal lesion, which is the operative intent of endoscopic laser surgery on a lesion of the oesophagus. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "176986005", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of left fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AD", "display" : "Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AD covers hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes, the most specific endoscopic-approach occlusion code available; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify laterality (left side) and refers to tubes (plural)." }] }, { "code" : "176985009", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of right fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AD", "display" : "Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AD is the most specific endoscopic-approach fallopian tube occlusion code but does not encode laterality (right side) or unilaterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713830006", "display" : "Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of esophageal epithelium", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the oesophageal target, endoscopic approach, and destruction/ablation action, but is broader because it does not specify radiofrequency as the means nor restrict the target to epithelial tissue." }] }, { "code" : "427118006", "display" : "Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of lesion of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AD covers transurethral destruction of the prostate broadly, but the SNOMED concept is more specific — targeting a discrete lesion (not the whole gland) and specifying radiofrequency as the means, which ICHI does not encode at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "363106000", "display" : "Endoscopic removal from urinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAN.JD.AC covers removal of a device or foreign body from the urinary system NEC via orifice; it specifies the object being removed while the SNOMED concept is broader, and ICHI does not constrain to endoscopic approach for this code." }] }, { "code" : "1260207009", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of bulking agent from outlet of female urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.JD.AD captures transurethral endoscopic removal of an implanted material (bulking agent) from the bladder neck, which corresponds to the bladder outlet; it does not distinguish female from male anatomy, making it wider than the sex-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1260206000", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of bulking agent from outlet of male urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.JD.AD captures transurethral endoscopic removal of an implanted material from the bladder neck/outlet; it does not distinguish male from female anatomy and uses the generic \"internal device or foreign body\" rather than naming a bulking agent." }] }, { "code" : "395231000119103", "display" : "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with insertion of catheter into biliary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dominant therapeutic action is endoscopic device insertion into the biliary tract, which KCM.DL.AD captures well. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any endoscopic biliary device insertion regardless of whether ERCP is the access route." }] }, { "code" : "16430491000119106", "display" : "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with insertion of catheter into pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.DL.AD captures the core interventional act; ICHI has no single code combining ERCP as a technique with pancreatic duct device insertion, so the code is broader (does not specify the approach is via ERCP/fluoroscopy)." }] }, { "code" : "870378000", "display" : "Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LL.AA", "display" : "Gastroplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has Gastroplasty (KBF.LL.AA) and Laparoscopic gastroplasty (KBF.LL.AB) but no endoscopic-specific variant. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the endoscopic approach or the sleeve/plication technique." }] }, { "code" : "265455000", "display" : "Endoscopic sphincterotomy of sphincter of Oddi and removal of calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AD", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct via endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure (sphincterotomy + calculus removal). KCM.JE.AD captures the calculus removal component (the dominant therapeutic purpose) but does not encode the sphincterotomy component; no single ICHI code unifies both." }] }, { "code" : "713000002", "display" : "Endoscopic submucosal dissection of rectum using sigmoidoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the rectum; KBW.JI.AD covers endoscopic removal of a rectal lesion but is broader because it does not distinguish ESD as a technique." }] }, { "code" : "426066009", "display" : "Endoscopic submucosal resection of lesion of lower bowel using fiberoptic sigmoidoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBU.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of sigmoid colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBU.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the sigmoid colon (the relevant lower bowel segment), but ICHI does not distinguish submucosal dissection as a specific technique, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "87030009", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral fulguration of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AD captures transurethral destruction of the prostate, which encompasses fulguration (electrosurgical destruction), but ICHI uses a generic \"destruction\" action without specifying the fulguration technique." }] }, { "code" : "1260490004", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of tension free vaginal tape from urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic removal of foreign body from urethra without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JD.AD matches the endoscopic transurethral approach and removal action from the urethra, but ICHI uses the generic \"foreign body\" category rather than specifying TVT as the implant." }] }, { "code" : "1260491000", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of tension free vaginal tape from urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JD.AD matches the endoscopic transurethral approach and removal from the bladder, but ICHI covers any internal device or foreign body generically, whereas SNOMED specifies TVT." }] }, { "code" : "1260492007", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of transobturator tape from urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic removal of foreign body from urethra without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JD.AD covers endoscopic transurethral removal of any foreign body from the urethra; the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to transobturator tape." }] }, { "code" : "1260493002", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of transobturator tape from urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JD.AD matches target, approach, and action precisely; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal device or foreign body, not specifically transobturator tape." }] }, { "code" : "1300176002", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography guided biliary tract drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JB.AD captures the endoscopic drainage of the bile duct; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify EUS guidance as the means." }] }, { "code" : "1284923001", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography guided gallbladder drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JB.AA", "display" : "Cholecystostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cholecystostomy is the established term for surgical/endoscopic creation of a gallbladder drainage; no ICHI code exists for EUS-guided gallbladder drainage specifically, and the ICHI code is broader as it covers all approaches without specifying EUS guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1216947003", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography guided hepaticogastrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic choledochoenterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hepaticogastrostomy is a form of bilioenteric anastomosis; KCM.LI.AD covers any endoscopic bile duct-to-gut anastomosis, broader because it does not specify the stomach as the target organ or EUS guidance as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "446886003", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.BA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the same procedure but carries an NEC residual qualifier indicating it is a catch-all for small intestine procedures not classified elsewhere, making it slightly broader than the defined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427108001", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasound examination of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated endoscopic ultrasound code for the liver; KCA.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of liver by any approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the endoscopic route." }] }, { "code" : "169252006", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasound of upper gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.BA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic ultrasonography of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code covering endoscopic ultrasonography of the entire upper GI tract (oesophagus + stomach + duodenum); KBF.BA.AD is the most clinically representative segment, but the SNOMED concept is wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "445982009", "display" : "Endoscopy and biopsy of upper gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no single code for endoscopic biopsy of the upper GI tract as a whole; KZZ.AD.AD is the most applicable NEC endoscopic biopsy code across the digestive system, broader than the SNOMED upper GI scope." }] }, { "code" : "53669008", "display" : "Endoscopy of artery of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AE.AF", "display" : "Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific angioscopy codes for upper limb and lower limb arteries separately but not a single code for \"artery of extremity\"; the NEC residual code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "40826009", "display" : "Endoscopy of ileum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.AE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopy of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated ileum endoscopy code; the ileum is anatomically part of the small intestine and no more specific block exists for it. KBK.AE.AD covers the full small intestine NEC, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the ileum specifically." }] }, { "code" : "24968008", "display" : "Endoscopy of skin of extremities", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AH", "display" : "Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to endoscopic inspection of skin of extremities; LZZ.AE.AH covers inspection of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC but is not restricted to the extremities and does not encode the endoscopic means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "88158001", "display" : "Endoscopy of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AH", "display" : "Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to endoscopic inspection of skin of the neck; LZZ.AE.AH is the closest available code (inspection of skin NEC) but does not encode the neck site or the endoscopic approach, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "39786006", "display" : "Endoscopy of spinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal, open approach) is the best available match for diagnostic endoscopy of the spinal canal; however, the ICHI code does not specify the endoscopic means (the means axis \"AA\" denotes open), so it is slightly broader in approach but otherwise aligned to the same intervention." }] }, { "code" : "1255362003", "display" : "Endoscopy of spinal epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code dedicated to epiduroscopy or endoscopy of the spinal epidural space specifically; ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal) is the closest match but covers the broader spinal canal rather than the epidural space alone." }] }, { "code" : "18044005", "display" : "Endoscopy of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBA", "display" : "Interventions on trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category code exists for a simple diagnostic endoscopic inspection of the trachea (the only tracheoscopy code, JBA.AE.AB, is specifically via artificial stoma). The block covering all trachea interventions is the best available match, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446017000", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers endoscopic local excision of any lesion of the duodenum, which includes polypectomy but is broader in that it is not restricted to polyps specifically. The SNOMED concept also includes the upper GI endoscopic approach, which is implicit in the \".AD\" (endoscopic) means axis of the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "445976006", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and excision of polyp of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures endoscopic local excision of any oesophageal lesion; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to polyps. The endoscopic upper GI approach is conveyed by the \".AD\" means axis." }] }, { "code" : "446742004", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and injection of varix of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A varix is a vascular lesion of the oesophagus, and endoscopic injection (sclerotherapy or tissue adhesive) maps well to \"endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus.\" The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any oesophageal lesion and any injected agent, not specifically to varices or sclerosants." }] }, { "code" : "446727002", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and injection of varix of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic injection of a gastric varix (sclerotherapy or tissue adhesive injection) is best represented by \"endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of stomach.\" The alternative, KBF.LA.AA (Occlusion of gastric varices), does not specify the endoscopic approach and is coded as an open procedure, making KBF.DB.AD the better fit despite being broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446744003", "display" : "Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and ligation of varix of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic ligation (band ligation) of a duodenal varix is a specific technique for controlling duodenal variceal bleeding endoscopically. ICHI has no dedicated varix ligation code; KBI.LA.AD (endoscopic control of duodenal bleeding) is the closest match but is broader, covering all methods of endoscopic haemostasis of the duodenum rather than varix ligation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "830041003", "display" : "Endovascular insertion of stent into artery of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for an endovascular stent procedure in a lower limb artery, correctly specifying the percutaneous transluminal approach and the lower limb artery target. It is slightly broader because the ICHI title refers to \"insertion of device\" (which includes stents but also other devices) and implies preceding balloon dilatation, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to stent insertion alone." }] }, { "code" : "830042005", "display" : "Endovascular insertion of stent into intracranial vascular structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device (stent) insertion into the intracranial artery, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is scoped to intracranial artery only, whereas the SNOMED concept includes the broader \"intracranial vascular structure\" (which may include veins or other vessels)." }] }, { "code" : "230915004", "display" : "Endovascular obliteration of lesion of intracranial vasculature", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery, which is the closest ICHI match for obliteration of intracranial vascular lesions (e.g., aneurysm coiling, AVM embolisation); however, the SNOMED concept specifies a lesion as the target and references the broader \"intracranial vasculature\" (not limited to arteries), making the ICHI code narrower in scope." }] }, { "code" : "439529000", "display" : "Endovascular repair of aneurysm of iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for endovascular iliac artery aneurysm repair (EVAR/stent-graft), covering percutaneous device insertion into the abdominal or pelvic artery; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm repair or iliac-specific code, so the match is wider — the ICHI code encompasses all abdominal/pelvic arteries and all device insertions, not just aneurysm repair of the iliac artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "817947005", "display" : "Endovascular repair of aneurysm using fenestrated branched endovascular stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the endovascular (percutaneous transluminal) device insertion into the abdominal aorta but does not distinguish fenestrated or branched stent graft configurations from standard EVAR; the ICHI code is also silent on aneurysm site specificity (infrarenal, thoracoabdominal) that FEVAR/BEVAR implies." }] }, { "code" : "1259868000", "display" : "Endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft and stent graft anchoring system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which corresponds to the core endovascular stent graft deployment, but ICHI has no representation of the additional anchoring system component (e.g., EndoAnchor) nor any distinction for aneurysm repair as opposed to other device insertions." }] }, { "code" : "428809009", "display" : "Endovascular repair of aorto-uniiliac aneurysm using endovascular stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The aorto-uniiliac configuration involves the abdominal aorta and a single iliac limb, but ICHI codes only to the abdominal aorta target and does not represent the iliac extension, the aorto-uniiliac graft configuration, or the aneurysm indication." }] }, { "code" : "429167002", "display" : "Endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the classic EVAR procedure; HIH.DL.AF (percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta) is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader — it does not specify infrarenal location, aneurysm as the indication, or stent graft as the specific device type." }] }, { "code" : "429679003", "display" : "Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm using endovascular stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIG.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIG.DL.AF correctly targets the descending thoracic aorta with a percutaneous transluminal approach, matching TEVAR anatomy, but ICHI does not specify aneurysm repair as the indication or stent graft as the device — making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708969008", "display" : "Endovascular thrombectomy of inferior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIC.JE.AA captures the correct target (inferior vena cava) and the correct action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy), but does not specify the endovascular approach — only an open variant exists in ICHI — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713158000", "display" : "Endovenous laser ablation of varicose vein of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.GA.AF precisely matches the endovenous approach and the destructive action on the lower limb vein, but the means axis does not distinguish laser from radiofrequency or other ablation modalities, and \"varicose vein\" specificity is not captured, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448606008", "display" : "Endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of varicose vein of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.GA.AF covers endovenous destruction of a lower limb vein and maps to the same ICHI code as laser ablation, since ICHI does not distinguish between radiofrequency and laser modalities at the means axis; the varicose vein specificity is also absent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "45925007", "display" : "Enema for removal of impacted feces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JB.AC", "display" : "Removal of impacted faeces", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.JB.AC exactly captures the clinical intent (removal of impacted faeces) and sits within the rectum interventions block, but ICHI does not specify the enema technique used as the means, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names enema as the method." }] }, { "code" : "51279005", "display" : "Enlargement of foramen ovale in repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIE.LB.AA", "display" : "Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIE.LB.AA captures the primary operative procedure (TAPVC repair), of which foramen ovale enlargement is a component step; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full TAPVC repair rather than specifically the atrial-level enlargement of the foramen ovale performed as part of that repair." }] }, { "code" : "225987006", "display" : "Ensuring patient's caregiver prepared for hospital discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Discharge planning\" (XG38D0) is the closest ICHI concept, but it is broader — it covers the overall planning process for hospital discharge, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets preparation of the patient's caregiver, which is only one component of that planning activity." }] }, { "code" : "38497001", "display" : "Enterolithotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Enterolithotomy is incision of the intestine specifically to remove a calculus (intestinal stone); ICHI has no dedicated calculus-extraction code for the intestine, so KBK.FA.AA (incision of small intestine NEC) is the closest match, capturing the incision component but being broader because it does not specify the purpose of stone removal." }] }, { "code" : "185876009", "display" : "Enteroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Enteroplasty refers broadly to surgical reconstruction or plastic repair of the intestine; ICHI's only named enteroplasty code (KBK.LK.AA) is the highly specific \"Serial transverse enteroplasty\" (STEP procedure), while KBK.MK.AA (repair of small intestine NEC) is broader but covers the general concept of intestinal reconstruction/repair without specifying technique, making it the best generic fit." }] }, { "code" : "87150006", "display" : "Enterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LI.AA", "display" : "Other enterostomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Enterostomy (surgical creation of an opening in the intestine) is captured generically by KZZ.LI.AA; ICHI has site-specific enterostomy codes (KBK.LI.AA for ileostomy, KBP.LI.AA for colostomy), but the unqualified SNOMED concept \"Enterostomy\" does not specify intestinal segment, so the NEC residual code at the intestine-general level is the most appropriate match, though it is slightly broader as a catch-all." }] }, { "code" : "307555006", "display" : "Enterotomy and removal of gallstone", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gallstone causing intestinal obstruction is not a \"foreign body\" in the strict sense, and the enterotomy (incision) component is not represented; ICHI has no dedicated code for intestinal gallstone removal. KBK.JD.AA captures the removal-from-intestine concept but is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "229827003", "display" : "Enucleation of corn", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A corn (heloma) is a hyperkeratotic skin lesion typically on the foot, and enucleation (removal of the central plug) is a form of local excision; ICHI's closest code covers the entire lower limb skin without specificity to the foot or to corn as a lesion type, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "37184006", "display" : "Enucleation of cyst of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Enucleation of a hepatic cyst is a specific technique (shelling out the cyst intact along its plane) that falls within the broader ICHI category of \"local excision of lesion or tissue of liver,\" which does not distinguish cyst enucleation from other forms of local hepatic resection." }] }, { "code" : "60096009", "display" : "Enucleation of cyst of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Enucleation of a salivary gland cyst (removal of the cyst intact) is semantically a local excision of a salivary gland lesion; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any local excision of salivary gland tissue rather than being specific to cyst enucleation." }] }, { "code" : "301847000", "display" : "Enucleation of islet cell tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the pancreas or pancreatic duct, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an islet cell (endocrine pancreas) tumor; the dedicated endocrine pancreas block (EBD) in ICHI contains only procurement and transplantation codes, with no specific excision code for islet cell tumors." }] }, { "code" : "239373002", "display" : "Enucleation of lesion of bone of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAB.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion from any facial bone (unspecified), which matches the SNOMED target site well; however, the ICHI action (JI = local excision) is broader than enucleation, which is a specific technique of shelling out a lesion intact, so the ICHI code is semantically wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239374008", "display" : "Enucleation of lesion of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAF.JI.AA precisely targets the maxilla as the site, matching the SNOMED concept's anatomy exactly; the ICHI action (local excision) is broader than enucleation as a specific surgical technique, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "238300006", "display" : "Enucleation of lesion of peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JI.AA targets peritoneal tissue with a local excision action, matching the anatomical site of the SNOMED concept; as with the other concepts, ICHI's JI (local excision) action encompasses enucleation without specifying it as the exact technique, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "232631002", "display" : "Enucleation of lung lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JI.AA targets lung parenchyma with a local lesion excision action, corresponding well to the SNOMED anatomy; the ICHI action is local excision rather than the specific technique of enucleation, so the ICHI code is wider in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "387739000", "display" : "Enucleation of ovarian cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"enucleation of cyst\" concept for the ovary; \"local excision of lesion of ovary\" is the closest functional equivalent, covering the surgical removal of a discrete ovarian lesion, but it is broader as it encompasses any type of lesion rather than a cyst specifically enucleated while preserving the ovary." }] }, { "code" : "171802005", "display" : "Enucleation of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish \"enucleation\" (shelling out a discrete mass from within the nerve) from total nerve excision; ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve) is the closest available code but is broader, as it implies removal of the whole nerve rather than the selective enucleation of a neuroma or similar lesion from within it." }] }, { "code" : "360797007", "display" : "Enucleation of renal tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for enucleation of a renal tumor; NAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney) is the best available match as it captures the concept of surgically removing a discrete lesion from the kidney, but it is broader since it does not specify the enucleation technique or tumor histology." }] }, { "code" : "410383003", "display" : "Environment surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning aspects of the natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Environment surveillance\" is a high-level category for monitoring environmental health determinants; UB1.VC.ZZ is the unspecified residual code for public health surveillance of the natural and human-made environment, making it the best aggregate match, though it sits within a broader ICHI framework that also contains many more specific environmental surveillance codes (air, water, soil, climate, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "225341008", "display" : "Environmental safety assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UB1.AA.ZZ is the closest available code covering assessment of environmental factors, but it sits within the public-health \"natural environment\" section and is broader than an individualized environmental safety assessment (e.g., a home or workplace safety appraisal for a patient). VCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours) was also considered but targets behavioural safety rather than the physical environment." }] }, { "code" : "385872009", "display" : "Environmental safety education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UB1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of natural environment and human-made changes to environment, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UB1.PM.ZZ is the best available code for education about environmental factors, but it is framed as a population-level public health intervention rather than individual patient education on environmental safety; the concept is broader than the SNOMED intent. VCC.PM.ZZ (Education to influence home safety behaviours) was considered but is narrowed to home safety behaviours rather than environmental safety in general." }] }, { "code" : "433232009", "display" : "Epicardial echocardiography", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Echocardiography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has codes for transoesophageal (HZZ.BA.AC) and intracardiac (HZZ.BA.AF) echocardiography but no dedicated epicardial echocardiography code; HZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography) is the appropriate parent code and is broader than the specific epicardial approach described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67512004", "display" : "Epicardiectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total pericardiectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The epicardium is the visceral layer of the pericardium, and epicardiectomy is its surgical removal; ICHI codes pericardiectomy at the level of the full pericardium structure without distinguishing visceral from parietal layers, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. HFF.JK.AA (total pericardiectomy) is the closest structural match as epicardiectomy is functionally equivalent to total removal of the visceral pericardium." }] }, { "code" : "21402002", "display" : "Epidural injection of contrast substance via caudal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal canal (which includes the epidural space) but does not specify the substance (contrast) or the caudal approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; the more specific \"Contrast myelogram of spinal canal\" (ABG.BA.BB) is a diagnostic imaging modality rather than a pure injection procedure and is therefore a poorer fit." }] }, { "code" : "58418003", "display" : "Epidural injection of neurolytic via caudal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.GA.AE", "display" : "Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.GA.AE captures the core clinical action — percutaneous injection of a destructive (neurolytic) agent into the spinal canal — which aligns with the SNOMED concept's intent, but the ICHI code does not specify the caudal (sacral hiatus) route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239323000", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis for slipped upper femoral epiphysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LE.AA", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LE.AA directly encodes epiphysiodesis of the femur, which is the correct procedure type and anatomical site; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the indication (slipped upper femoral epiphysis) nor the specific location (upper/proximal femoral epiphysis vs. distal femur)." }] }, { "code" : "709286001", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis of greater trochanter of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LE.AA", "display" : "Epiphysiodesis of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LE.AA encodes epiphysiodesis of the femur and is the best available match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the sub-site — epiphysiodesis of the greater trochanteric apophysis is a distinct and more specific procedure than generic femoral epiphysiodesis." }] }, { "code" : "270481000", "display" : "Epispadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Epispadias repair involves reconstruction of a dorsally displaced urethral meatus, which maps most closely to NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra); however, this ICHI code is broader as it covers urethral reconstruction for any cause and does not specify the epispadias anomaly, and the full epispadias repair often also involves the bladder neck, pubic symphysis, and penile or clitoral structures beyond the urethra alone." }] }, { "code" : "704134002", "display" : "Epistaxis care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC (control of epistaxis, interventions on nose) is the best available match and covers the active haemostatic management of nosebleed, but \"epistaxis care management\" as a SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing assessment, monitoring, and patient education components beyond acute haemostasis control. The ICHI code therefore is slightly narrower in clinical scope relative to the full SNOMED meaning, making the ICHI code wider than an exact match from the SNOMED side but not a full equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "287393001", "display" : "Epistaxis control by cryosurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC captures the target (nose), action (control of haemorrhage), and endonasal approach, but does not encode the cryosurgical means — the ICHI code is therefore broader, covering epistaxis control by any technique rather than specifically cryosurgery." }] }, { "code" : "223426009", "display" : "Equipment use education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UA1.PM.ZZ covers education about products and technology broadly, which encompasses equipment use education, but the ICHI code is unspecified in terms of equipment type and does not distinguish educational intent (safety vs. use); it is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "228634008", "display" : "Ergonomic education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence workplace safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ergonomic education is a specific form of education targeting workplace posture and injury prevention, which falls within the broader ICHI category of education aimed at workplace safety behaviours. No ICHI category exists specifically for ergonomic education; the closest assignable intervention code is VCB.PM.ZZ, which is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "241372008", "display" : "ERPF determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ERPF (Effective Renal Plasma Flow) determination is most commonly performed using radionuclide techniques (e.g., PAH clearance or MAG3/OIH renography), making NAA.BA.BE the closest ICHI code; however, it is broader as it covers any nuclear imaging of the kidney rather than the specific functional measurement of renal plasma flow." }] }, { "code" : "66488001", "display" : "Esophageal speech training", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUC.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JUC.PH.ZZ covers training of speech functions broadly and accurately represents the rehabilitative goal of esophageal speech training (post-laryngectomy), but ICHI does not have a specific code distinguishing esophageal (alaryngeal) speech technique from other speech training modalities." }] }, { "code" : "307332009", "display" : "Esophagectomy and colonic interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive phase of the procedure (restoring oesophageal continuity after resection) but does not specify that a colonic segment is used as the interposition graft; ICHI also does not separately represent the esophagectomy component, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "307331002", "display" : "Esophagectomy and jejunal interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with colonic interposition, KBA.ML.AA represents oesophageal reconstruction without specifying the jejunal graft segment used; ICHI does not distinguish between different bowel interposition types, so the same code applies at a broader level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "38436007", "display" : "Esophagogastric tamponade with balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for oesophagastric balloon tamponade (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube); KBA.DL.AC captures the essential act of inserting a device into the oesophagus but is broader, as it does not encode the gastric component, the balloon mechanism, or the tamponade purpose (haemostasis of varices)." }] }, { "code" : "1304002009", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full thickness resection of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that specifies full-thickness resection of the duodenum endoscopically; KBI.JI.AD covers endoscopic local excision of a duodenal lesion, which is the closest structural match, but it is broader because it does not distinguish full-thickness from mucosal/submucosal resection depth." }] }, { "code" : "1288009005", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The endosponge (endoscopic vacuum therapy sponge) is a device inserted per orifice into the oesophagus, making KBA.DL.AC the structurally best match; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the endoscopic approach, the specific device type, or the therapeutic intent (wound/leak management)." }] }, { "code" : "1288010000", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.DL.AC", "display" : "Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.DL.AC matches well on target (small intestine) and means (per orifice, i.e. endoscopic transoral route) for device insertion; it is broader because it does not specify the endosponge device type or the endoscopic vacuum therapy purpose, and \"not elsewhere classified\" reflects the residual nature of the code." }] }, { "code" : "1288008002", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and insertion of endosponge into stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AD is the best available match, correctly capturing the endoscopic approach and device insertion into the stomach; it is broader because it does not distinguish the endosponge as the specific device type or reflect the vacuum therapy indication." }] }, { "code" : "1255197006", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with clipping for control of hemorrhage of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the LA (occlusion) action axis for endoscopic haemostasis/clipping of hollow organs, and AD means = endoscopic, matching the EGD route and oesophageal target. The code is wider because it does not specify clipping as the technique nor haemorrhage control as the clinical purpose; there is no dedicated \"endoscopic haemostasis of oesophagus\" code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1251572005", "display" : "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of esophageal hemorrhage by injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.DB.AD captures the endoscopic injection of an agent into an oesophageal lesion (DB = administration of agent, AD = endoscopic), which directly corresponds to the injection component of this procedure. It is wider because it does not specify haemorrhage control as the indication, and \"lesion\" is broader than a bleeding site." }] }, { "code" : "235183004", "display" : "Esophagomyotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.FA.AA uses the FA (incision) action on the oesophagus (KBA target), and myotomy is an incision specifically of the muscular layer; this is the best available ICHI code for the Heller myotomy procedure, but it is wider because it does not distinguish a muscle-layer incision from a full-thickness oesophageal incision and does not specify the achalasia indication." }] }, { "code" : "119879002", "display" : "Esophagus closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"closure of oesophagus\" code; the closest available code is \"Repair of oesophagus\" (KBA.MK.AA), which is broader and subsumes closure/suture procedures among other repair types. The SNOMED concept is more specific (closure only), so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "713549003", "display" : "Etanercept therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Etanercept (an anti-TNF biologic) is given by subcutaneous injection, which falls under percutaneous administration; ICHI classifies it as an immunological agent. However, the ICHI code covers all percutaneous immunological agent administrations, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to etanercept." }] }, { "code" : "182676002", "display" : "Eutrophic muscle stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Eutrophic (trophic) muscle stimulation is a specific form of electrical muscle stimulation used in physiotherapy to maintain or restore muscle bulk; MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly but is not restricted to the trophic/maintenance application, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446104000", "display" : "Evacuation of blood clot of scalp", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of any content (not specifically blood clot) from the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck region, which encompasses the scalp anatomically; the ICHI code is wider because it is not specific to blood clot evacuation and covers the broader head/neck skin region rather than the scalp alone." }] }, { "code" : "446503002", "display" : "Evacuation of blood clot of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI combines skin and subcutaneous tissue into a single target axis and subdivides drainage codes only by body region, not by substance drained; no code specifies blood clot drainage of skin. LZZ.JB.AA is the site-unspecified residual code for the integumentary layer and is broader on both dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "445762002", "display" : "Evacuation of blood clot of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate target for subcutaneous tissue alone — it is always paired with skin — and the drainage codes do not differentiate by substance drained (blood clot vs. abscess vs. seroma). The ICHI code therefore covers a broader anatomical territory and a broader range of drained content than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716677007", "display" : "Evacuation of blood from pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AA captures drainage of the pleural cavity (i.e., the correct anatomical site and the drainage action), which is exactly what evacuation of a hemothorax involves; however, the ICHI code does not restrict the content drained to blood, so it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "87421006", "display" : "Evacuation of cyst of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no liver-cyst-specific drainage code; KCA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of liver) is the closest in both anatomical target and procedural action, as percutaneous aspiration is the standard technique for hepatic cyst evacuation. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any liver collection (abscess, haematoma, bile, cyst) and presupposes a percutaneous approach not explicitly stated in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "447074006", "display" : "Evacuation of hematoma of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's integumentary drainage codes do not separate skin from subcutaneous tissue, and all body-region-specific codes (head/neck, trunk, limbs) are more granular than the unspecified-site SNOMED concept; the NEC code LZZ.JB.AA covers the correct tissue but is broader as it includes subcutaneous tissue alongside skin." }] }, { "code" : "447116002", "display" : "Evacuation of hematoma of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the skin hematoma concept, ICHI does not separate subcutaneous tissue from skin in its drainage codes; LZZ.JB.AA is the site-unspecified NEC drainage code for the integumentary layer and is broader than the SNOMED concept since it includes both skin and subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "230812000", "display" : "Evacuation of intracranial extradural abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The extradural (epidural) space between the skull and dura mater is anatomically part of the intracranial space, so AAG.JB.AA (Drainage of intracranial space) captures the correct anatomical target and action; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the extradural location or the infectious nature of the collection (abscess vs hematoma vs effusion)." }] }, { "code" : "171722000", "display" : "Evacuation of intracranial subdural abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG.JB.AA covers drainage of the intracranial space broadly, which encompasses the subdural compartment, but the ICHI code does not specify the subdural location or the nature of the collection (abscess/empyema). No more specific ICHI code for subdural empyema drainage exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "53670009", "display" : "Evacuation of kidney cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney is the closest available ICHI code — cyst drainage of the kidney is virtually always performed percutaneously, and the ICHI code captures the target (kidney) and the action (drainage/aspiration), but does not specify that the collection is a cyst rather than another fluid accumulation." }] }, { "code" : "53829005", "display" : "Evacuation of pelvic blood clot by culdocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JB.AE", "display" : "Culdocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI fully names the procedure (culdocentesis — aspiration through the posterior vaginal fornix into the pouch of Douglas), making it an excellent procedural match; however, the ICHI code does not restrict the indication to blood clot evacuation specifically and would cover any culdocentesis (diagnostic or therapeutic), so it is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "238349004", "display" : "Evacuation of pleural coagulum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AA is the most relevant ICHI code for removing contents from the pleural cavity, but it does not specify that the material is a coagulum (clotted hemothorax) rather than fluid; no more specific ICHI code for pleural coagulum/clotted hemothorax exists, making this the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "442501002", "display" : "Evacuation of seroma from soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JB.AA captures drainage of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which aligns with the target and action of seroma evacuation, but the ICHI code does not specify the nature of the fluid collection (seroma) or its anatomical site. No site-specific or seroma-specific ICHI drainage code exists, so this residual \"unspecified site\" code is the best available option." }] }, { "code" : "230989001", "display" : "Evacuation of spinal extradural abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JB.AE", "display" : "Drainage of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Drainage of spinal canal\" covers the extradural/epidural compartment within the spinal canal but does not distinguish the specific pathology (abscess vs other collection), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both compartment (extradural) and pathology (abscess)." }] }, { "code" : "230988009", "display" : "Evacuation of spinal extradural hematoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JB.AE", "display" : "Drainage of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.JB.AE captures drainage within the spinal canal but does not differentiate hematoma from other space-occupying lesions, nor does it specify the extradural sub-compartment, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230994001", "display" : "Evacuation of spinal intradural extramedullary abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intradural extramedullary space lies within the dural sac but outside the spinal cord, anatomically associated with the spinal meninges, making ABC.JB.AA the better anatomical fit; it remains wider because it does not specify the abscess pathology or the extramedullary location." }] }, { "code" : "287622005", "display" : "Evacuation of urinary bladder contents", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JB.AA covers drainage of the bladder, encompassing emptying bladder contents; broader because it does not specify intent (e.g., urine, clots) and does not specify the transurethral route implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "275166002", "display" : "Evacuation of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of uterus and surrounding structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JB.AA is the parent drainage code for the uterus block and best represents the broad SNOMED concept of uterine evacuation without specifying technique (suction, D&C, etc.); wider because it also encompasses surrounding structures." }] }, { "code" : "225303001", "display" : "Evaluating interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Evaluating interventions\" is a high-level SNOMED concept with no direct ICHI counterpart; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest available whole-person assessment code, but refers to assessing health state rather than evaluating interventions as a class, making it wider and only approximately aligned." }] }, { "code" : "225953001", "display" : "Evaluating response to treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Evaluating a patient's response to treatment involves appraising health status in the context of ongoing therapy; ICHI has no dedicated \"response to treatment\" code. PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest whole-person assessment code, broader because it does not specifically capture the treatment-response context." }] }, { "code" : "370793007", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of chemical injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a focused clinical evaluation for signs/symptoms of chemical exposure; ICHI has no chemical-injury-specific code. PZA.AE.AH is the closest procedural match but is broader because it is not scoped to chemical injury." }] }, { "code" : "370794001", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of electrical injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept describes a targeted evaluation for consequences of electrical injury; ICHI contains no specific code. PZA.AE.AH is the best procedural match available, considerably broader, lacking specificity for the electrical injury context." }] }, { "code" : "370797008", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of laser injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept captures focused evaluation for signs/symptoms caused by laser exposure; ICHI does not encode injury-specific evaluation procedures at this granularity. PZA.AE.AH is the closest structural match, wider as it applies to any whole-body physical examination regardless of clinical reason." }] }, { "code" : "409060008", "display" : "Evaluation for signs and symptoms of physical health problems", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers evaluation for signs/symptoms of physical health problems across the whole body, aligning with a full physical examination; the ICHI code is wider since it covers physical examination regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "439952009", "display" : "Evaluation of auditory rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CTB.AA.ZZ captures assessment of hearing functions, the primary clinical domain of auditory rehabilitation evaluation, but is broader because it covers any hearing function assessment and does not specifically denote evaluation of a rehabilitation programme's progress or outcome." }] }, { "code" : "62485001", "display" : "Evaluation of cardiac catheterization data and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of entire heart, heart or great vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AA.ZZ is the broadest cardiac assessment residual code and subsumes the activity of reviewing cardiac catheterisation data, but is wider because it applies to any non-specific heart/great-vessel assessment rather than being specific to interpretation of catheterisation findings." }] }, { "code" : "370851004", "display" : "Evaluation of diagnostic study results", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the most generic whole-person assessment code in ICHI and is the closest residual category for reviewing diagnostic results in a non-system-specific way, but is wider because it encompasses all forms of general health assessment rather than being limited to evaluation of diagnostic study results." }] }, { "code" : "1303094005", "display" : "Evaluation of eligibility for adult day care program", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in community life", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adult day care is a community-based participation programme; SXB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engagement in community life, the closest ICHI match. Wider because it applies to any community life engagement assessment, not specifically eligibility determination for a day care programme." }] }, { "code" : "1300112008", "display" : "Evaluation of eligibility for basic skills training program", "target" : [{ "code" : "ST2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in education, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Basic skills training is an educational activity; ST2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of engaging in education (NEC). Wider because it applies to any education-engagement assessment and does not specifically denote an eligibility determination process." }] }, { "code" : "370792002", "display" : "Evaluation of environment for home care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAL.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of aspects of buildings for private use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAL.AA.ZZ covers assessment of aspects of private-use buildings (i.e., the home environment), capturing the physical/environmental dimension of a home-care evaluation; broader because it does not restrict the purpose to suitability for delivering care." }] }, { "code" : "32207000", "display" : "Evaluation of facial expression", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Facial expression evaluation is clinically used to assess emotional and affective functioning; AUD.AA.ZZ is the most semantically proximate ICHI code. Wider because it covers all emotional functions and is not specific to facial expression as the means or target." }] }, { "code" : "19131007", "display" : "Evaluation of manner and relationship to people and things", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of interpersonal interactions and relationships, capturing the relational component, but ICHI has no code that also encompasses \"manner\" and \"relationship to things\"; the ICHI code is broader as it addresses only the interpersonal/relational aspect." }] }, { "code" : "445194001", "display" : "Evaluation of need for motorized wheelchair", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of products/technology for personal mobility and transportation, which subsumes motorized wheelchairs; ICHI has no code specific to motorized wheelchair needs assessment. Broader than the SNOMED concept's narrow focus on one specific powered mobility device." }] }, { "code" : "440369006", "display" : "Evaluation of oral stage deglutition and pharyngeal stage deglutition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTC.AA.ZZ represents general swallowing assessment, encompassing both the oral and pharyngeal stages described in the SNOMED concept. Broader because it does not specify which phases of swallowing are assessed; SNOMED is technique-agnostic." }] }, { "code" : "370803007", "display" : "Evaluation of psychosocial impact on plan of care", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.AA.ZZ covers assessment of global psychosocial functions, encompassing the psychosocial dimension; SNOMED is more specific (evaluating impact in the context of care planning), whereas the ICHI code does not encode the care-planning purpose, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "709765000", "display" : "Evaluation of psychosocial response to instruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept captures assessment of how a patient psychosocially responds to instruction (e.g., health education), while ATF.AA.ZZ is a general assessment of global psychosocial functions with no specification of context or trigger." }] }, { "code" : "250260004", "display" : "Evaluation of rate of hemolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemolysis is a specific haematological process and its rate is evaluated via laboratory testing of haematological function. DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but is substantially broader, covering all haematological function tests rather than hemolysis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "370811002", "display" : "Evaluation of response to thermoregulation measures", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thermoregulatory function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AA.ZZ represents assessment of thermoregulatory function, aligning with evaluating how a patient responds to thermoregulation interventions. Broader as it does not encode the context of responding to a specific therapeutic measure." }] }, { "code" : "427478009", "display" : "Evaluation of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BCC", "display" : "Interventions on retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable \"assessment of retina\" category code — specific codes under BlockL5-BCC are all modality-specific imaging/therapeutic procedures. The block itself covers all interventions on the retina and is the best available match, though broader than a general evaluation/assessment concept." }] }, { "code" : "1237049003", "display" : "Evaluation of risk factors for periodontal disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to periodontal risk factor evaluation; the gum block holds only therapeutic procedures. KAE.AE.AC is the closest broader clinical match, as periodontal risk assessment is typically conducted within a dental examination." }] }, { "code" : "250501001", "display" : "Evaluation of semen fertility", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for semen analysis or spermatozoal assessment; NUD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fertility functions broadly, the most semantically appropriate match, though it encompasses female fertility assessment as well and does not specify the semen/sperm substrate." }] }, { "code" : "1149129000", "display" : "Evaluation of sleep pattern using actigraphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to actigraphy as a technique; ATK.AC.ZZ is the best fit as actigraphy is an objective test used to evaluate sleep-wake patterns, but the ICHI code is broader covering any test of sleep function regardless of instrument." }] }, { "code" : "252624005", "display" : "Evoked oto-acoustic emission measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Evoked otoacoustic emission measurement is a specific objective test of cochlear (outer hair cell) function. CTB.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is broader, covering all hearing function tests rather than OAE specifically." }] }, { "code" : "713585003", "display" : "Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell allograft to ocular surface", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.KD.AA", "display" : "Corneal transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for limbal epithelial cell transplantation; the closest available code is BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant), which is broader — it covers transplantation to the anterior eye segment but does not distinguish cell-based ex vivo cultured limbal grafts or the allograft (donor-derived) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "713667001", "display" : "Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell autograft to ocular surface", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.KD.AA", "display" : "Corneal transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the allograft equivalent, ICHI has no code specific to ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial cell procedures; BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant) is the closest available code but does not capture the autograft (patient's own cells) nature nor the ex vivo cell culture technique." }] }, { "code" : "243793001", "display" : "Examination for accident", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a medicolegal or accident-purpose examination; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any whole-person health assessment regardless of the forensic or medico-legal purpose that characterises examination for accident." }] }, { "code" : "171398007", "display" : "Examination for suspected mental disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers unspecified assessment of mental functions, which captures the domain of a mental disorder examination, but is broader because it does not carry the specific clinical context of evaluating a suspected (i.e., not yet confirmed) psychiatric diagnosis." }] }, { "code" : "284367004", "display" : "Examination of body function", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single code for generic assessment of body function as a whole; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the broadest whole-person assessment code available, but it encompasses more than pure functional examination and does not specifically denote a functional evaluation in the ICF/body-function sense." }] }, { "code" : "284428009", "display" : "Examination of cervical lymph nodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFB", "display" : "Interventions on lymph node of neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated clinical examination or assessment code for cervical lymph nodes — the DFB block covers all interventions on lymph nodes of the neck (biopsy, imaging, excision, drainage), none of which represent a standalone physical examination. The block is assigned as the closest structural match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "284405008", "display" : "Examination of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides MBZ.AA.AH for assessment of the spine generically, but no cervical-spine-specific assessment code exists in the cervical vertebral column block, which contains only procedural/imaging codes. MBZ.AA.AH is the best available match but is broader because it covers the entire spine, not just the cervical region." }] }, { "code" : "177072002", "display" : "Examination of female genital tract under anesthetic and papanicolau smear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.AH.XH specifically captures the Pap smear component of this procedure, but the SNOMED concept additionally includes examination of the female genital tract under anesthetic — a broader scope that NMF.AH.XH does not cover. The ICHI code therefore fails to capture the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274788003", "display" : "Examination of gingivae", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific examination code for the gingivae (gums); KAE.AE.AC for dental examination is the closest match as it covers examination of oral/dental structures in the same anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to the gingivae." }] }, { "code" : "284426008", "display" : "Examination of hernial orifices", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for examining hernial orifices or the abdominal wall orifice sites; the abdominal wall blocks contain only treatment codes (repair, reduction) with no examination counterpart. PZX.AE.AH is the best available fallback, covering physical examination of any body site not specifically classified, and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies hernial orifices as the examination target." }] }, { "code" : "274792005", "display" : "Examination of lips", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated lip examination code; the lip block contains only procedural intervention codes (biopsy, excision, repair, reconstruction) with no examination counterpart. KAZ.AE.AC covers oral examination not elsewhere classified and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically targets the lips rather than the oral cavity in general." }] }, { "code" : "274791003", "display" : "Examination of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a generic \"examination of lower limb\" code; lower limb blocks contain only targeted interventional and imaging codes, and there is no limb-level physical examination code. PZX.AE.AH is the best available option as the NEC physical examination of any body site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific lower-limb scope." }] }, { "code" : "284407000", "display" : "Examination of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated lumbar spine examination/assessment code; MBZ.AA.AH covers the whole vertebral column without specifying the lumbar region. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the lumbar segment." }] }, { "code" : "284427004", "display" : "Examination of lymph nodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for examination of lymph nodes; DFZ.AA.ZZ is the closest match under the lymphatic system but covers the entire lymphatic structure rather than lymph nodes specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "284420002", "display" : "Examination of nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "LU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of hair and nail, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated examination-of-nail code under the structural interventions blocks; the closest available code is a functional assessment of hair and nail together under skin appendage functions, which is broader than a focused examination of the nail structure alone." }] }, { "code" : "307536006", "display" : "Examination of periodontium", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated periodontium examination code; the closest assignable code is the NEC oral cavity examination (KAZ.AE.AC), which covers the broader oral cavity rather than the periodontium specifically. The SNOMED concept is narrower (periodontium only) than the ICHI code's scope." }] }, { "code" : "274799001", "display" : "Examination of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated examination or assessment code under the salivary gland block, which contains only procedural interventions (biopsy, drainage, excision, imaging). The best available code is the NEC oral cavity examination, which is broader than the salivary-gland-specific scope of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "271303006", "display" : "Examination of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ represents assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without anatomical site specification, closely matching the SNOMED concept of examining the skin; the slight broadening comes from the inclusion of subcutaneous tissue in the ICHI code title." }] }, { "code" : "284369001", "display" : "Examination of submandibular gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated examination code for the submandibular gland; the salivary gland block contains only interventional procedures (biopsy, imaging, drainage, excision). The NEC oral cavity examination is the best available code, but is substantially broader than the submandibular-gland-specific scope of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "284406009", "display" : "Examination of thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated assessment code for the thoracic spine — the MBG block contains only imaging and surgical interventions, not clinical examination. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any body site rather than specifically the thoracic spine." }] }, { "code" : "274801003", "display" : "Examination of thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for the thyroid gland; the EBA block covers only surgical/imaging interventions on the gland itself. ETK.AA.ZZ (assessment of endocrine gland functions) is the closest functional assessment code but is broader, encompassing all endocrine glands rather than the thyroid specifically." }] }, { "code" : "284372008", "display" : "Examination of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated clinical examination code for the upper limb — the PMA block covers only surgical procedures. PZX.AE.AH (physical examination of a body site, NEC) is the best available match but is broader, applying to any unspecified body site." }] }, { "code" : "281011001", "display" : "Examination of urinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated physical examination code for the urinary system as a whole; NT2.AA.ZZ represents assessment of urinary functions and is the closest match, though it focuses on functional assessment rather than anatomical/clinical examination of the urinary system organs." }] }, { "code" : "1354497007", "display" : "Excimer laser trabeculostomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for trabeculostomy or excimer laser procedures on the trabecular meshwork; BBE.LI.AA (facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye) is the best structural match as trabeculostomy restores aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber, though the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the laser technique or left-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1354498002", "display" : "Excimer laser trabeculostomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculostomy (creating an opening in the trabecular meshwork to facilitate aqueous drainage and reduce intraocular pressure) corresponds most closely to \"Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye,\" as there is no ICHI code that specifically names trabeculostomy or laser trabecular procedures. ICHI does not capture the excimer laser means or the right-eye laterality, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231494009", "display" : "Excision arthroplasty of hip joint with insertion of cement spacer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision arthroplasty of the hip (resection arthroplasty / Girdlestone procedure) involves partial removal of joint components, which maps to \"Partial excision of hip joint.\" ICHI does not have a code that additionally captures the insertion of a cement spacer, making this code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1209181003", "display" : "Excision arthroplasty of knee with insertion of cement spacer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision arthroplasty of the knee (resection of joint surfaces as a staged procedure) maps to \"Partial excision of knee joint,\" the closest available ICHI code. The cement spacer insertion component is not captured in ICHI, so the mapping is wider than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118960006", "display" : "Excision from urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Excision from urinary tract\" is a high-level grouping concept encompassing excision procedures across kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. No single ICHI assignable category covers excision across the entire urinary tract; the block \"Interventions on urinary system\" is the broadest ICHI container that subsumes all such procedures." }] }, { "code" : "450669005", "display" : "Excision of adnexa of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Uterine adnexa comprise both ovary and fallopian tube; excision of adnexa therefore spans two separate ICHI organ-specific blocks (NMA for ovary, NMC for fallopian tube). No single ICHI assignable code represents combined adnexal excision (salpingo-oophorectomy), so the closest encompassing structure is the parent female genital system block, which is broader than this specific bilateral procedure." }] }, { "code" : "786848000", "display" : "Excision of aortic lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated para-aortic lymph node code; the most anatomically appropriate is total excision of abdominal/pelvic lymph node. ICHI is broader as it covers all abdominal/pelvic nodes." }] }, { "code" : "27011002", "display" : "Excision of benign lesion of face and ears", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JI.AA covers the integumentary system of the entire head/neck region, encompassing face and ears; ICHI has no single code targeting face and external ear together." }] }, { "code" : "15349006", "display" : "Excision of benign lesion of scalp and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JI.AA spans all skin and subcutaneous tissue of head/neck, fully encompassing scalp and neck; ICHI has no separate codes for scalp or neck specifically." }] }, { "code" : "85563009", "display" : "Excision of benign lesion of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.JI.AA directly targets trunk integument with local excision, matching site and procedure precisely; ICHI does not qualify the lesion as benign." }] }, { "code" : "447862008", "display" : "Excision of benign neoplasm of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.JI.AA matches both target (mandible) and action (local excision) with high fidelity; ICHI uses generic \"lesion\" without specifying benign neoplasm, marginally broader pathologically." }] }, { "code" : "442836006", "display" : "Excision of benign neoplasm of phalanx of finger with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JI.AA captures local excision of a hand/finger bone lesion, matching the surgical act and anatomical target. The benign-neoplasm qualifier and the autograft component are not encoded; the autograft would need an ICHI extension or separate code." }] }, { "code" : "125862001", "display" : "Excision of benign tumor of scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDB.JI.AA covers local excision of a shoulder region bone lesion (which includes the scapula); broader because scapula is not distinguished from other shoulder-region bones, and the benign-tumor qualifier is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "172021003", "display" : "Excision of bilateral adrenal glands with transposition of adrenal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.JK.AA", "display" : "Adrenalectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBC.JK.AA represents total excision of adrenal gland and is the closest available code; bilaterality requires a laterality extension and the autotransposition component (EBC.KD.AA) is a separate procedure not combined here." }] }, { "code" : "39126001", "display" : "Excision of blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.JJ.AA is the best available match in ICHI's NEC block for unspecified blood vessels; broader because ICHI specifies partial whereas SNOMED is silent on extent, and the NEC qualifier means a more specific vessel code could apply." }] }, { "code" : "239329001", "display" : "Excision of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.JJ.AA sits in the musculoskeletal NEC block for bone at unspecified site, aligning with the generic \"excision of bone\" concept; broader because ICHI specifies \"partial\" whereas SNOMED is silent on extent." }] }, { "code" : "56195000", "display" : "Excision of bone from facial bones", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAB.JJ.AA covers partial excision of an unspecified facial bone, the closest structural match; broader because it encompasses all facial bones without specifying which one." }] }, { "code" : "807005", "display" : "Excision of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI only has a \"partial excision of brain\" category (and percutaneous variant); there is no total excision of brain code, so AAA.JJ.AA is the closest available match, but explicitly partial." }] }, { "code" : "6818001", "display" : "Excision of buccal mucosa", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for buccal mucosa; KAZ.JJ.AC covers partial excision of the oral cavity NEC, anatomically inclusive of the buccal mucosa but broader because it encompasses the entire oral cavity." }] }, { "code" : "234261001", "display" : "Excision of cervical lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of cervical lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept does not specify partial vs total; DFB.JK.AA covers total excision specifically. Absent a non-extent-specified generic code in ICHI, DFB.JK.AA is the closest single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "122867002", "display" : "Excision of cervical rib", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of rib", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to cervical rib; MCB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of any rib and is scoped to the thoracic cage bone block, broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the cervical (supernumerary) rib." }] }, { "code" : "81398000", "display" : "Excision of chemodectoma of pineal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pineal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures local excision of a pineal gland lesion but does not specify the histological type (chemodectoma/paraganglioma); no more specific pineal lesion excision code exists." }] }, { "code" : "336863008", "display" : "Excision of cyst of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code covers local excision of any lung parenchymal lesion via open approach, encompassing a pulmonary cyst but broader because it does not specify the lesion type as a cyst." }] }, { "code" : "387741004", "display" : "Excision of cyst of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures local excision of an ovarian lesion (preserving the ovary, consistent with cystectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the lesion type as a cyst; no ovarian cyst-specific excision code exists." }] }, { "code" : "447984009", "display" : "Excision of cyst of vallecula of epiglottis using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code covers local excision of a larynx lesion via endoscopy, capturing the anatomical region (larynx/epiglottis) and excision action; broader because it does not specify the vallecula nor the laser means." }] }, { "code" : "265011000", "display" : "Excision of cystic hygroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cystic hygroma is a congenital lymphatic vessel malformation; ICHI maps to local excision of a lymphatic vessel lesion. Broader because it does not specify the cystic/lymphangiomatous nature or typical cervical/axillary location." }] }, { "code" : "176928008", "display" : "Excision of ectopic ovarian pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA directly represents removal of an ectopic pregnancy and is the best available match. Slightly broader because it does not specify ovarian (vs tubal or other) implantation site." }] }, { "code" : "13175001", "display" : "Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI category code exists for excision/reduction of excessive skin/subcutaneous tissue at unspecified site; the block BlockL4-LAA is the best available representation across all body regions." }] }, { "code" : "447650007", "display" : "Excision of exostosis of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An exostosis is a benign bony outgrowth (a lesion of the mandible); MAG.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the mandible, broader than the specific exostosis lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "449095008", "display" : "Excision of exostosis of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Exostosis of maxilla is a specific bony lesion; MAF.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the maxilla, broader than the SNOMED concept's specific lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "1179136006", "display" : "Excision of exostosis of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An exostosis is a bony outgrowth of the tibia; the ICHI code covers tibia or fibula and any generic bone lesion, broader than the specific exostosis-of-tibia concept." }] }, { "code" : "50586005", "display" : "Excision of extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest available ICHI code covers partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons; broader because it includes tendons and is partial only. ICHI has no code for total excision of an extraocular muscle." }] }, { "code" : "445912000", "display" : "Excision of fallopian tube and surgical removal of ectopic pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JK.AA", "display" : "Total salpingectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dominant procedure is total salpingectomy, which inherently removes the contained ectopic pregnancy; broader because ICHI does not specify the concurrent ectopic pregnancy removal (NMR.JF.AA could be added as extension)." }] }, { "code" : "112718009", "display" : "Excision of first AND cervical rib", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of rib", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCB.JK.AA represents total removal of a rib without specifying which; broader because the SNOMED concept specifies both the first and cervical rib as targets, and removal of two ribs simultaneously is not individually distinguished." }] }, { "code" : "443965005", "display" : "Excision of foreign body of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from skin/subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site; the ICHI code also encompasses internal device removal and is not specific to subcutaneous tissue alone (includes skin)." }] }, { "code" : "178099003", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst of ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific code for tendon sheath excision at the ankle; MRT.JI.AA captures the correct procedure type but specifies no anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "178098006", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No foot-specific tendon sheath excision code exists in ICHI; MRT.JI.AA matches the procedure but is broader due to the unspecified body site." }] }, { "code" : "302459006", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is site-specific to hand or finger, covering the SNOMED hand concept, but the ICHI target also includes finger — making it marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "178097001", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no knee-specific tendon sheath excision code; MRT.JI.AA is the nearest match by procedure type but carries no site specification." }] }, { "code" : "178095009", "display" : "Excision of ganglion cyst of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFL.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia of wrist", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ganglion cyst of the wrist arises from joint capsule or tendon sheath (ligament/fascia); MFL.JI.AA covers the site, but encompasses any wrist ligament/fascia lesion, not specifically a ganglion cyst." }] }, { "code" : "33158004", "display" : "Excision of gastrocolic ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gastrocolic ligament is a peritoneal fold of the greater omentum; KMA.JJ.AA covers any peritoneal tissue excision rather than the gastrocolic ligament specifically." }] }, { "code" : "238365003", "display" : "Excision of glomus vagale", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Glomus vagale is a paraganglioma of the vagus nerve; ICHI has no specific paraganglion/glomus tumor excision code, so this peripheral nerve excision code is the closest anatomical match." }] }, { "code" : "87123001", "display" : "Excision of heart valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI category code exists for valvectomy — valve-specific codes under HDE cover replacement, repair, reconstruction, dilatation, and implantation but not standalone excision; the block code is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "713168005", "display" : "Excision of hemangioma of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the skull, matching the surgical target and operative action; wider because it does not specify the hemangioma (vascular tumor) subtype." }] }, { "code" : "196283002", "display" : "Excision of heterotopic bone from muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Heterotopic bone in muscle is a focal bony lesion; ICHI does not distinguish heterotopic from orthotopic bone nor does it specify the muscle context." }] }, { "code" : "236279004", "display" : "Excision of hooded prepuce", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for circumcision or prepuce/foreskin excision; partial excision of penis is broader because it does not specify the prepuce as the target tissue." }] }, { "code" : "32804000", "display" : "Excision of hydrocele of spermatic cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hydrocele of the spermatic cord is a cystic lesion of that structure; ICHI does not have a dedicated hydrocelectomy code, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "442189005", "display" : "Excision of hydrocele of tunica vaginalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the tunica vaginalis under the testis block (NGL) and provides no separate tunica vaginalis excision code; broader and does not name the tunica vaginalis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "405712005", "display" : "Excision of hyperplastic oral soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers hyperplastic soft tissue anywhere in the oral cavity (lip, tongue, mucosa, gum); the site-nonspecific oral cavity NEC code is the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "87055003", "display" : "Excision of intracardiac tumor with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JI.AA captures local excision of a cardiac lesion (which includes tumors) but does not specify cardiopulmonary bypass as the operative approach; the bypass component would need a separate code." }] }, { "code" : "440116000", "display" : "Excision of ischial pressure injury with ostectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Other partial ostectomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines pressure ulcer excision with ischial ostectomy; MKB.JJ.AA captures the bony component but does not encode the overlying soft-tissue/ulcer excision component." }] }, { "code" : "46478009", "display" : "Excision of ischial pressure injury with primary suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.MK.AA captures the repair/closure component but is anatomically broader (trunk rather than ischial region) and does not encode the excision step explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "62923002", "display" : "Excision of ischial pressure injury with skin flap reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines excision with skin flap reconstruction; LAB.MK.AA captures the dominant reconstructive intent but omits the excision component and the ischial site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "226083002", "display" : "Excision of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"total excision of joint\" at an unspecified site; MRJ.JJ.AA is the closest available code but specifies only partial excision whereas the SNOMED term does not qualify the extent." }] }, { "code" : "2547000", "display" : "Excision of keloid", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for keloid excision; LZZ.JI.AA covers any local skin lesion excision at any site rather than being specific to keloid tissue." }] }, { "code" : "445919009", "display" : "Excision of lacrimal drainage structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lacrimal drainage structures (puncta, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct) are components of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the entire apparatus rather than being specific to the drainage structures." }] }, { "code" : "429377005", "display" : "Excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laminectomy is a partial removal of a lumbar vertebra; MBM.JJ.AA encompasses removal of any part of the vertebra, not exclusively the lamina." }] }, { "code" : "427752004", "display" : "Excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra for decompression of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laminectomy is a form of partial lumbar vertebrectomy; the ICHI code captures the partial bony excision but does not specify the lamina as the target nor the decompression intent." }] }, { "code" : "233027000", "display" : "Excision of left atrial vegetations", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no left-atrium-specific vegetation removal code; HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations anywhere in the heart (NEC), broader than the left-atrial-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233080001", "display" : "Excision of left ventricular vegetations", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No left-ventricle-specific vegetation extraction code exists in ICHI; HZZ.JE.AA is the only vegetation-specific ICHI code and covers all cardiac chambers (NEC)." }] }, { "code" : "54029002", "display" : "Excision of lesion from floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specific to the floor of the mouth; the most granular available code covers local excision of a lesion anywhere within the oral cavity (NEC)." }] }, { "code" : "23881007", "display" : "Excision of lesion from joint of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to a spinal facet/zygapophyseal joint; MBZ.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the spine (unspecified site, NEC)." }] }, { "code" : "60639000", "display" : "Excision of lesion from soft tissue of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers skin/subcutaneous tissue of the entire head or neck, while the SNOMED concept is limited to the face; no dedicated ICHI code for soft tissue of the face alone." }] }, { "code" : "180047007", "display" : "Excision of lesion of amputation stump", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the amputation stump as an anatomical target; the closest code captures the action and tissue type but does not specify the site as a stump." }] }, { "code" : "234902004", "display" : "Excision of lesion of cheek", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"cheek\" intervention code; LAA.JI.AA covers local excision across the entire head and neck region. The buccal mucosal aspect of the cheek is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "2199005", "display" : "Excision of lesion of cul-de-sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cul-de-sac\" refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific pouch, so KMA.JI.AA is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "425469002", "display" : "Excision of lesion of extradural spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated extradural/epidural space intervention code; ABG.JI.AA covers the spinal canal as a whole, broader than the specifically extradural site." }] }, { "code" : "36436000", "display" : "Excision of lesion of eyebrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow code; the eyebrow is anatomically part of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head/neck." }] }, { "code" : "874905003", "display" : "Excision of lesion of glans penis with resurfacing using full thickness skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the penis but does not specify the sub-site (glans) or the subsequent resurfacing with a full thickness skin graft." }] }, { "code" : "426927003", "display" : "Excision of lesion of infratemporal fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for the infratemporal fossa specifically; MRS.JI.AA captures the action (local excision of lesion) applied to soft tissue but lacks any site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "78681008", "display" : "Excision of lesion of inguinal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inguinal region is anatomically part of the lower trunk, making LAB.JI.AA the closest site-based match; broader as it covers the entire trunk surface." }] }, { "code" : "446062001", "display" : "Excision of lesion of meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to meninges generically (cerebral or spinal), while ICHI splits this into cerebral (AAC) and spinal (ABC); the SNOMED concept is broader." }] }, { "code" : "85357001", "display" : "Excision of lesion of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion within the oral cavity (NEC residual), broadly matching the SNOMED concept of generic mouth lesion excision." }] }, { "code" : "173380000", "display" : "Excision of lesion of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate codes for soft (KAS) and hard (KAT) palate but no single code covering palate generically; KAZ.JI.AA is the best available broad mapping." }] }, { "code" : "72580005", "display" : "Excision of lesion of phalanges of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JI.AA covers all bones of the hand or finger (including metacarpals), broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to phalanges." }] }, { "code" : "54156003", "display" : "Excision of lesion of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single unspecified-site code for subcutaneous tissue lesion excision; all assignable codes are body-region specific. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72782000", "display" : "Excision of lesion of sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of nerve, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for excision of a lesion of a sympathetic nerve; AZZ.JI.AA is the closest available code but covers any unclassified nerve." }] }, { "code" : "708852007", "display" : "Excision of lesion of tonsil and adenoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tonsil", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers both tonsil and adenoid combined; ICHI separates these (DAA tonsil, DAB adenoid). DAA.JI.AC alone is narrower than the combined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "129245008", "display" : "Excision of lesion of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ureterectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no \"local excision of lesion of ureter\" category; partial ureterectomy is the closest available excision concept but implies removal of a ureteral segment rather than just a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "81503001", "display" : "Excision of lesion of uvula with simple primary closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uvula is the pendant tip of the soft palate; KAS.JI.AA covers the entire soft palate and does not capture the \"simple primary closure\" component." }] }, { "code" : "232564007", "display" : "Excision of lesion of vocal ligament and Reinke's space", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vocal ligament and Reinke's space are structures within the larynx; JAN.JI.AC covers the entire larynx rather than specifically these substructures." }] }, { "code" : "450668002", "display" : "Excision of lipoma of subcutaneous tissue of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JI.AA covers local excision of skin/subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, encompassing a subcutaneous lipoma of the head; broader as it does not specify lipoma and includes the neck." }] }, { "code" : "58347006", "display" : "Excision of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.JK.AA represents total excision of a lymph node at an unspecified/other site, the residual catch-all best matching the general SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "234302008", "display" : "Excision of lymphatic vesicles", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lymphatic vesicles are small outpouchings of lymphatic vessels; DFO.JI.AA covers any lesion of a lymphatic vessel, broader than vesicular lesions specifically." }] }, { "code" : "265007006", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue of arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue of the arm is a debulking procedure on upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lymphedematous nature." }] }, { "code" : "302469000", "display" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue of leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision of lymphedematous tissue of the leg is a debulking procedure on lower limb skin/subcutaneous tissue; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the lymphedematous aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "234310009", "display" : "Excision of lymphocyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lymphocyst is a cystic collection of lymphatic fluid from disrupted lymphatic vessels; DFZ.JJ.AA covers any lymphatic structure excision NEC, broader than lymphocyst specifically." }] }, { "code" : "35968005", "display" : "Excision of malignant lesion of face and ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the full head-or-neck skin/subcutaneous region and does not encode the malignant nature of the lesion, broader on both anatomical scope and pathological specificity." }] }, { "code" : "85095002", "display" : "Excision of malignant lesion of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk without specifying malignancy, broader than the SNOMED concept scoped to malignant lesions." }] }, { "code" : "68327001", "display" : "Excision of middle ear structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the middle ear as a whole without specifying which internal structure (ossicles, mucosa, soft tissue) is removed, broader than the SNOMED reference to a specific middle-ear structure. CBA.JI.AC (local excision of lesion) is lesion-focused rather than structure-focused." }] }, { "code" : "446746001", "display" : "Excision of mucosa of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no mucosa-specific excision code for the duodenum; KBI.JI.AA captures the closest action and site but encompasses any localised duodenal lesion rather than the mucosal layer specifically. KBI.JJ.AA implies a larger structural resection that overshoots the concept." }] }, { "code" : "446650001", "display" : "Excision of mucosa of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of gastric mucosa; KBF.JI.AA captures local excision at the correct anatomical site but applies to any local gastric lesion rather than specifically mucosal tissue. KBF.JJ.AA (partial gastrectomy) implies a larger full-thickness resection." }] }, { "code" : "438564001", "display" : "Excision of mucosa of vestibule of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the vestibule of the mouth or to oral mucosal excision; KAZ.JJ.AC captures excision at the correct anatomical domain but does not distinguish vestibular mucosa from other oral cavity structures. KAZ.JI.AA implies a lesion-targeted procedure rather than excision of a defined mucosal region." }] }, { "code" : "713499001", "display" : "Excision of mucous membrane of inferior maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAF.JI.AC encompasses excision of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus but does not specify mucosa as the target tissue, and the \"inferior maxillary sinus\" specificity is also lost. No more specific ICHI code for maxillary sinus mucosa excision exists." }] }, { "code" : "84784005", "display" : "Excision of muscle of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial myectomy of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGM.JJ.AA is the closest ICHI code for muscle excision in the hand but implies a partial rather than unqualified excision; the MGM block contains no \"total excision of muscle of hand\" code, making this the best available fit while being slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "87103002", "display" : "Excision of nasolabial cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nasolabial (Klestadt) cyst is a soft-tissue cyst in the subcutaneous plane at the nasal ala/lip junction of the head/neck region. ICHI has no code specific to the nasolabial subsite or to cyst type, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "446342001", "display" : "Excision of neoplasm from spinal extradural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinal extradural (epidural) space lies within the spinal canal; ICHI does not distinguish the extradural compartment specifically, so the code is broader. ABC.JI.AA (spinal meninges) is less apt since the neoplasm is outside the dura, not within the meningeal layers." }] }, { "code" : "1366325008", "display" : "Excision of neoplasm of base of tongue using robotic assistance by transoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.JI.AC covers local excision of a tongue lesion via natural orifice, which aligns with the transoral approach; robotic assistance can be appended via an ICHI extension. ICHI does not specify the base-of-tongue subsite or robotic modality as a distinct code, so it is broader than the granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "447174009", "display" : "Excision of neoplasm of intradural extramedullary spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intradural extramedullary tumours (e.g. meningiomas, nerve sheath tumours) lie inside the dura but outside the cord, anatomically within the spinal meningeal compartment. ICHI does not distinguish the extramedullary intracompartment, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "449449005", "display" : "Excision of nodule of larynx using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.JI.AD captures the endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion, aligning well with the SNOMED concept of excising a laryngeal nodule. ICHI does not specify the laser means and the code covers any laryngeal lesion rather than specifically a nodule." }] }, { "code" : "239564006", "display" : "Excision of odontoid peg", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The odontoid peg (dens of the axis/C2) is part of the cervical spine; MBA.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code covering local excision within the cervical vertebral column. The code is broader because it covers any cervical spine lesion rather than specifically the odontoid process." }] }, { "code" : "450830002", "display" : "Excision of orbital fat herniation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.JI.AA covers local excision of an orbital lesion, the closest match for excision of herniated orbital fat. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the tissue type (fat/herniation) and encompasses all local orbital lesion excisions." }] }, { "code" : "392032009", "display" : "Excision of osteochondroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An osteochondroma is a cartilage-capped bony exostosis; MRB.JI.AA is the best available match as a local bone lesion excision at an unspecified site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify lesion type or anatomical location." }] }, { "code" : "443909001", "display" : "Excision of part of colon with mobilization of splenic flexure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.JJ.AA captures the partial colectomy component accurately, but ICHI has no code encoding the additional splenic flexure mobilization (takedown) step, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303438008", "display" : "Excision of pectoralis minor", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has muscle excision codes only for head/neck and thigh, with no dedicated code for thoracic wall or pectoral muscles; MRM.JJ.AA (unspecified site) is the closest available code but is substantially broader, lacking specificity for the pectoralis minor." }] }, { "code" : "16364000", "display" : "Excision of penile wart", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.JI.AA covers local excision of any lesion of the penis, encompassing excision of a penile wart (condyloma acuminatum), but the code is broader as it applies to any penile lesion rather than specifically to a wart." }] }, { "code" : "174333001", "display" : "Excision of perianal wart", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code covering surgical removal of perianal tissue, encompassing excision of a perianal wart (anal condyloma), but it is broader as it applies to any partial excision of perianal tissue rather than specifically targeting a wart/condyloma." }] }, { "code" : "232535003", "display" : "Excision of pharyngeal pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pharyngeal pouch (Zenker's diverticulum) arises at the pharyngo-oesophageal junction from the posterior pharyngeal wall; ICHI does not have a code specific to diverticulum excision or to the hypopharynx sub-region. The ICHI code is wider, covering any local excisional lesion of the oral pharynx." }] }, { "code" : "301758004", "display" : "Excision of pilonidal abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pilonidal abscess is in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the sacrococcygeal region (posterior trunk). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any local excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue, not specifically pilonidal disease or the sacrococcygeal subsite." }] }, { "code" : "235395005", "display" : "Excision of pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pilonidal sinus excision targets the sacrococcygeal skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; LAB.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for this anatomical region and action. ICHI has no specific code for pilonidal sinus or sacrococcygeal region." }] }, { "code" : "707748002", "display" : "Excision of pilonidal sinus and primary closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept adds primary closure to the pilonidal sinus excision, but ICHI has no distinct code combining excision with primary closure at this site; LAB.JI.AA covers the excision component and is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "448035001", "display" : "Excision of polyp of larynx using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.JI.AD captures endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion (fitting polyp excision via microlaryngoscopy), but does not specify the laser means — ICHI has no dedicated laser-excision code for larynx, so the means detail is lost." }] }, { "code" : "84673007", "display" : "Excision of preauricular lesion of ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.JI.AA covers local excision of a lesion of the auricle of the ear; the preauricular area is immediately anterior to the auricle and surgically treated as part of the same anatomical region. The SNOMED concept is slightly more specific in naming the preauricular site." }] }, { "code" : "1240427000", "display" : "Excision of pressure injury of lower limb with local flap reconstruction using skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.JI.AA captures the excision component on the lower limb, but the SNOMED concept also includes local flap reconstruction — ICHI has no single code combining excision of pressure injury with flap closure, so the reconstructive component is omitted." }] }, { "code" : "1240424007", "display" : "Excision of pressure injury of lower limb with primary closure using suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the lower limb, matching the excision component; however, primary closure by suture is integral to the SNOMED concept and is not captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "359851005", "display" : "Excision of prominence of cornea in staphyloma", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.JJ.AA represents partial excision of cornea, the correct procedure class for excising a corneal prominence in staphyloma (a bulging/ectatic area). The ICHI code does not specify the staphyloma indication or the prominence/ectasia nature of the lesion." }] }, { "code" : "700417008", "display" : "Excision of pterygium with amniotic membrane graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pterygium is a localised conjunctival/corneal lesion; BBA.JI.AA captures the excision component, but ICHI does not encode the additional amniotic membrane graft step, making it broader than the full SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "700401002", "display" : "Excision of pterygium with graft to conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the amniotic membrane variant, the excision of pterygium maps to local excision of a conjunctival lesion, but the conjunctival autograft component is not represented in ICHI, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "387861003", "display" : "Excision of rectal mucosa", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated mucosectomy code; the closest match is KBW.JJ.AA (partial excision of rectum), broader as it encompasses the full rectal wall rather than the mucosa layer specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233054002", "display" : "Excision of right ventricular vegetations", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA covers extraction of cardiac vegetations across the entire heart without specifying laterality or chamber, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the right ventricle. This is the only ICHI code for cardiac vegetation removal." }] }, { "code" : "176929000", "display" : "Excision of ruptured ectopic tubal pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy generally without specifying the tubal location or ruptured status; the SNOMED concept is more specific. NMC.JJ.AA (partial salpingectomy) is procedurally available but does not encode the ectopic pregnancy indication." }] }, { "code" : "83748007", "display" : "Excision of sacral pressure injury with primary suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacrum is part of the trunk; local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk is the closest available ICHI code. It does not capture the pressure injury aetiology, sacral sub-site, or primary suture closure component." }] }, { "code" : "708802003", "display" : "Excision of scalp mass", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scalp is part of the head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue region covered by LAA.JI.AA; the code encompasses all of head and neck rather than being scalp-specific, and \"mass\" does not map directly to \"local excision of lesion\" terminology." }] }, { "code" : "440258006", "display" : "Excision of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, and the NEC qualifier means it applies across body sites; however, partial excision (JJ) best represents a non-total skin excision when the SNOMED concept does not specify extent or location." }] }, { "code" : "107898001", "display" : "Excision of skin of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate codes for upper limb (LAE.JJ.AA) and lower limb (LAG.JJ.AA) but no single code covering \"skin of limb\" (both upper and lower combined). The NEC residual code LZZ.JJ.AA is the closest catch-all and covers the concept at a broader level." }] }, { "code" : "62277007", "display" : "Excision of soft tissue of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of soft tissue specifically of the hand; MGM codes cover muscle of hand but not general soft tissue. MRS.JJ.AA is the closest available code but covers unspecified site rather than being specific to the hand." }] }, { "code" : "112881004", "display" : "Excision of sublingual gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete sialoadenectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies all salivary gland interventions under the KAM block without distinguishing between sublingual, submandibular, or parotid glands. KAM.JK.AA is the best match for total excision of the sublingual gland, but it is broader because it applies to any major salivary gland." }] }, { "code" : "47227006", "display" : "Excision of submandibular gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete sialoadenectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the sublingual gland, ICHI does not differentiate salivary gland excision by gland type; KAM.JK.AA covers complete removal of any major salivary gland and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the submandibular gland." }] }, { "code" : "232565008", "display" : "Excision of sulcus vocalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sulcus vocalis is a specific mucosal lesion/groove of the vocal fold within the larynx, and its excision is typically performed endoscopically; the ICHI code covers any endoscopic local excision of a laryngeal lesion, making it broader than this specific structural abnormality." }] }, { "code" : "778032002", "display" : "Excision of synovial membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; partial excision of joint tissue at an unspecified site is the nearest match, but it is broader as it encompasses any joint structure rather than being specific to the synovial membrane." }] }, { "code" : "38812001", "display" : "Excision of tissue or organ for grafting from recipient site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI LZZ.JH.AA represents procurement of skin/subcutaneous tissue for graft, the closest general concept in ICHI for harvesting tissue for grafting; however it is scoped specifically to skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any tissue or organ type." }] }, { "code" : "1145322008", "display" : "Excision of tonsil, palatine arch and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JK.AC", "display" : "Tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tonsillectomy captures the tonsil excision component but does not encode the additional resection of the palatine arch and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, making it a broader/simpler procedure than the SNOMED concept which describes a more extensive combined excision." }] }, { "code" : "32081007", "display" : "Excision of tooth from nasal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision of tooth via incision captures the core procedure of surgically removing a tooth, but does not encode the site-specific detail that the tooth is located within a nasal (paranasal) sinus — the ICHI code is therefore broader, omitting the sinus-displacement context." }] }, { "code" : "14647008", "display" : "Excision of trochanteric lipomatosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.JI.AA covers local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, matching the anatomical region (trochanter is proximal femur/lower limb) and the nature of excising a lipomatous (subcutaneous) lesion; however it does not specify lipomatosis or the trochanteric subsite." }] }, { "code" : "439113001", "display" : "Excision of trochanteric pressure injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.JI.AA is the best available match for surgical excision of a pressure injury at the trochanter; the ICHI code does not specify the wound aetiology (pressure injury) or the trochanteric subsite, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "142007", "display" : "Excision of tumor from shoulder area, deep, intramuscular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies excision of a deep intramuscular tumor at the shoulder. ICHI has no shoulder-specific muscle excision code; MRM.JI.AA is the closest match but does not capture the shoulder-region specificity, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "112779006", "display" : "Excision of tumor of foot, deep, intramuscular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's foot/toe muscle block contains only a reconstruction code, with no local excision of lesion code at that site. MRM.JI.AA correctly captures the action (local excision of lesion of muscle) but loses the foot-specific location." }] }, { "code" : "42181007", "display" : "Excision of tumor of soft tissue of back", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's trunk soft tissue block contains only massage and stretch codes with no excision, so the best available match is MRS.JI.AA, which correctly encodes local excision of a lesion of soft tissue but loses the back/trunk location specificity." }] }, { "code" : "41251009", "display" : "Excision of tumor of soft tissue of flank", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for soft tissue of the flank or lateral trunk — the MCS block contains only massage/stretch codes without an excision entry. MRS.JI.AA matches on action and tissue type but is broader in anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "15950004", "display" : "Excision of tumor of soft tissue of neck, subcutaneous", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JI.AA aligns well on action (local excision) and target tissue type (subcutaneous tissue of neck), but the ICHI code covers the combined head-or-neck region rather than neck alone, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "71225000", "display" : "Excision of uterine ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for excision of a uterine ligament (broad, round, or uterosacral); these are peritoneal/retroperitoneal structures, and the closest assignable code is KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue), which is broader." }] }, { "code" : "36439007", "display" : "Excision of varicocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A varicocele is a dilation of the pampiniform plexus/spermatic vein, anatomically classified as an abdominal or pelvic vein. IED.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers any partial excision of an abdominal or pelvic vein, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "233205001", "display" : "Excision of vegetations from ductus arteriosus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a specific code for extraction of cardiac vegetations and vegetations on the ductus arteriosus are within the cardiac/great vessel domain covered. The ICHI code is broader as it covers cardiac vegetations across the whole heart/great vessel complex, not specifically the ductus arteriosus." }] }, { "code" : "174983004", "display" : "Excision of vegetations of valve of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.JE.AA directly addresses extraction of cardiac vegetations and is the most semantically precise ICHI code available. It is wider because it covers vegetations on any cardiac structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to valvular vegetations." }] }, { "code" : "70625001", "display" : "Excision of verruca of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures local excision of any lesion of the eyelid, which encompasses a verruca (wart). The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to verrucae and applies to any eyelid lesion." }] }, { "code" : "447118001", "display" : "Excision of wart of pinna", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pinna and auricle are the same structure, so the anatomical target matches exactly. The ICHI code is wider because it covers local excision of any lesion of the auricle, not specifically a wart." }] }, { "code" : "10719005", "display" : "Excision of xanthoma site", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A xanthoma is a lipid-laden lesion that can appear in skin and soft tissue at various body sites; ICHI has no xanthoma-specific code, so the best fit is local excision of a soft tissue lesion at an unspecified site, broader as it applies to any soft tissue lesion regardless of type or body region." }] }, { "code" : "7553005", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of eyeball, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"excisional biopsy of eyeball\" code; BZA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the eyeball as a whole under the NEC residual category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the excisional nature of the biopsy technique." }] }, { "code" : "200702002", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of eye muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of extraocular muscle or tendon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.AD.AA is the specific ICHI code for biopsy of extraocular muscle, which directly corresponds to the target structure. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the excisional biopsy technique from other biopsy approaches within this code." }] }, { "code" : "196281000", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of myocardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have an explicit \"excisional biopsy of heart\" code; HFD.AD.AA represents biopsy of the myocardium (the predominant cardiac tissue targeted in such procedures) and is the closest structural match. The code is wider because it does not specify the excisional technique." }] }, { "code" : "280390001", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of hypophysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypophysis is the anatomical synonym for the pituitary gland, and EAA.AD.AA is the direct ICHI biopsy code for this structure. The code is wider because it does not specify the excisional biopsy technique." }] }, { "code" : "294002", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of joint structure of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no spine-specific joint biopsy code; MRJ.AD.AA captures the joint biopsy action but is anatomically unspecified (not restricted to spinal joints), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI also does not distinguish excisional from other biopsy techniques." }] }, { "code" : "307996001", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.AD.AA covers biopsy of a lymph node at any unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not differentiate excisional from incisional biopsy technique at this category level, and the NEC qualifier makes the code a residual catch-all." }] }, { "code" : "447412005", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of lymph node of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of cervical lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFB.AD.AA correctly localises the target to the cervical (neck) lymph node, providing a strong anatomical match, but ICHI does not distinguish excisional biopsy from other biopsy techniques at this category level." }] }, { "code" : "222287008", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.AD.AA captures the biopsy of muscle concept but is broader on two dimensions: it does not specify the excisional technique, and the \"unspecified site\" qualifier means it is not restricted to a particular muscle group or anatomical region." }] }, { "code" : "170623007", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Biopsy of peripheral nerve\" covers biopsy of nerve tissue but does not encode the excisional specificity of the SNOMED concept; the ICHI action axis AD (biopsy) is broader than a specifically excisional biopsy. The SNOMED concept refers to nerves generically while this code is limited to peripheral nerve." }] }, { "code" : "207858002", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated ganglion-specific biopsy code; AAN.AD.AA covers cranial nerve or ganglion only, and no code exists for peripheral or autonomic nerve ganglia. AZZ.AD.AA (nerve NEC) is the most appropriate residual category." }] }, { "code" : "59295008", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of phalanges of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.AD.AA captures biopsy of bone of hand or finger, which encompasses the phalanges of the hand as a subset; however, ICHI does not encode the excisional (open removal) nature of the biopsy." }] }, { "code" : "80362002", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of pineal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of pineal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EAB.AD.AA is an exact anatomical match for pineal gland biopsy, but the ICHI action AD (biopsy) encompasses all biopsy approaches without distinguishing excisional biopsy as a specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "239875000", "display" : "Excisional biopsy of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABA.AD.AA is an exact anatomical match for spinal cord biopsy, but the ICHI action axis AD (biopsy) is broader and does not encode the excisional specificity." }] }, { "code" : "40872008", "display" : "Excisional debridement of burn", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no burn-specific debridement codes; LZZ.JG.AA is the best available code covering excisional (with incision) debridement of skin and subcutaneous tissue not classified elsewhere, but it is broader as it applies to any unclassified wound type, not burns specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233157007", "display" : "Exclusion operation for arrhythmia", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AA", "display" : "Ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's HFC.GA.AA captures open surgical destruction/ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which subsumes arrhythmia exclusion operations including the Maze procedure; the SNOMED concept is more specific to surgical exclusion/isolation techniques for arrhythmia." }] }, { "code" : "252195001", "display" : "Exercise stress test - endocrine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an exercise stress test designed to provoke and evaluate endocrine responses; ETK.AA.ZZ captures the endocrine target and assessment action, but does not encode the exercise-based stimulus or test modality specifically." }] }, { "code" : "17914007", "display" : "Existential therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not enumerate specific psychotherapy modalities such as existential, humanistic, or gestalt therapy. PZB.PQ.ZZ is the best-fit residual category for psychotherapy approaches directed at the whole person's meaning, existence, and identity — but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "48706002", "display" : "Exophthalmometry", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for exophthalmometry (Hertel exophthalmometer measurement of ocular protrusion). BTF.AC.ZZ covers testing of functions of structures adjoining the eye, which includes orbital structures, but is broader as it encompasses any test of those structures rather than specifically measuring eyeball protrusion." }] }, { "code" : "302244003", "display" : "Experiential constructivist therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish psychotherapy modalities — there are no codes specific to experiential, constructivist, cognitive, or other named therapeutic approaches. PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code, broader as it captures any psychotherapy approach not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "720389008", "display" : "Expiratory CT", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no means code representing respiratory phase (inspiratory vs expiratory) during CT acquisition. JBF.BA.BC is the generic CT of lung code with NEC residual status, but it is broader as it does not capture the end-expiratory acquisition that defines this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448424000", "display" : "Exploration and biopsy of sacrum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBR.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of sacral spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBR.AD.AA directly represents biopsy of the sacral spine, covering the biopsy component. The SNOMED concept additionally specifies surgical exploration, but in ICHI this is implicit in performing an open biopsy; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it does not explicitly encode the exploration component." }] }, { "code" : "10666003", "display" : "Exploration for removal of deep foreign body of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.JD.AA covers removal of foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, encompassing the forearm, but the SNOMED concept specifies a \"deep\" foreign body (implying deeper soft tissue or muscle), whereas the ICHI code addresses the skin and subcutaneous level." }] }, { "code" : "19426002", "display" : "Exploration of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.AE.AA directly matches exploration of the abdominal artery but also includes pelvic arteries, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to abdominal arteries only." }] }, { "code" : "53006003", "display" : "Exploration of carpal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated carpal tunnel exploration code. ACA.AE.AA is the closest match by action (exploration) and anatomical region (the median nerve within the carpal tunnel), but covers all peripheral nerves, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172400008", "display" : "Exploration of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for conjunctival exploration; the conjunctiva block (BBA) contains only biopsy/excision/repair codes. BZA.AA.ZZ is the closest available, covering eye assessment NEC, but is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "363112005", "display" : "Exploration of digestive system", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated exploration/inspection code for the digestive system as a whole. KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual/unspecified code covering any digestive-system intervention, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "363114006", "display" : "Exploration of endocrine system", "target" : [{ "code" : "EZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated exploration code for the endocrine system as a whole. EZZ.AA.ZZ (endocrine assessment NEC) is the best available match but broader in scope than physical exploration." }] }, { "code" : "359552007", "display" : "Exploration of ethmoid sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.AE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ethmoid sinus block (JAH) contains no inspection/exploration code. JAE.AE.AD covers endoscopic exploration of paranasal sinuses broadly, wider than the ethmoid-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176975008", "display" : "Exploration of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMC", "display" : "Interventions on fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a fallopian-tube interventions block (NMC) but no specific \"exploration\" code. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a surgical exploration." }] }, { "code" : "176646004", "display" : "Exploration of female perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAW", "display" : "Interventions on perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a perineum interventions block (PAW) with biopsy/drainage/incision/repair codes but no exploration category. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "238222002", "display" : "Exploration of femoral canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAN", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal wall, femoral", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral canal is represented in ICHI under the abdominal wall femoral block (PAN), which contains only hernia repair codes. The block is broader than surgical exploration of the femoral canal." }] }, { "code" : "363117004", "display" : "Exploration of genitourinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the genitourinary system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific exploration category for the genitourinary system as a whole. NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is a residual code covering unspecified GU interventions, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1144784002", "display" : "Exploration of inguinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific inguinal-canal exploration code; the PAM block contains only hernia repair. Exploratory laparotomy is the nearest open-exploration concept but covers the whole abdomen, broader than canal-specific." }] }, { "code" : "450520002", "display" : "Exploration of inguinal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no inguinal-region exploration code; the PAM block is restricted to hernia repair. Exploratory laparotomy is the nearest match but encompasses the entire abdominal cavity." }] }, { "code" : "171673004", "display" : "Exploration of oculomotor nerve (III)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's cranial nerve block (AAN) contains no exploration code. ACA.AE.AA (peripheral nerve exploration) is the closest match but broader, covering any peripheral nerve rather than specifically the oculomotor nerve." }] }, { "code" : "174308004", "display" : "Exploration of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.AE.AC", "display" : "Examination of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.AE.AC covers rectal examination via transanal approach. The SNOMED concept is approach-unspecified and may imply more invasive exploration; the ICHI examination code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "450440007", "display" : "Exploration of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No site-specific exploration code exists for skin of neck in the LAA block. LZZ.AE.AA is the NEC open exploration code for skin/subcutaneous tissue generally, broader in anatomical scope than the neck-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "62463007", "display" : "Exploration of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code matches the procedure with an \"unspecified site\" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is also site-agnostic but more clinically specific." }] }, { "code" : "236168003", "display" : "Exploration of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of ureter and periureteral area", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.AE.AA directly encodes ureteral exploration; slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it also includes the periureteral area." }] }, { "code" : "233465001", "display" : "Exploration of vein with venotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific vein-exploration-with-venotomy code; IZD.FA.AA captures the defining procedural act (venotomy of unspecified vein) but does not convey the exploratory intent." }] }, { "code" : "12324002", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy with biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAK.AE.AA covers the primary procedure but not the additional biopsy component, which would require a second code, making the single-code ICHI match wider than the combined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178373004", "display" : "Exploratory open craniotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy) is precisely an incision of the skull, but ICHI does not distinguish exploratory intent, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "204542000", "display" : "Exploratory sclerotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sclerotomy is by definition an incision of the sclera, mapping directly to BCB.FA.AA; however, ICHI does not capture the \"exploratory\" qualifier, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "129219004", "display" : "Expression of comedones and milia", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for expressing comedones or milia; \"Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, NEC\" is the closest structural match for manual emptying of superficial skin lesions, but it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "225091003", "display" : "Expression of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of bladder without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Manual bladder expression (Credé maneuver) maps best to drainage of the bladder performed without incision; ICHI lacks a dedicated manual expression code, so this is broader." }] }, { "code" : "15558000", "display" : "Expressive psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for expressive psychotherapy as a named modality; the best available code covers psychotherapy directed at mental functions unspecified, which is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1366073009", "display" : "Extended posterior decompression and fusion of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine but does not capture the \"extended posterior decompression\" component (e.g., laminectomy/osteotomy) that is integral to this combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "120135005", "display" : "External ear closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of external ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"closure\" category for the external ear; CAC.MK.AA (Repair of external ear) is the broadest matching code within the auricle block and subsumes wound closure as one type of repair." }] }, { "code" : "275148007", "display" : "External electrode cardioversion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia by any means and does not specify the external electrode (transthoracic) approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "257838009", "display" : "External fixation of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"External immobilisation device\" is the ICHI term for external fixator; the unspecified-site code covers any bone, making it the best generic match although broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448852003", "display" : "External fixation of phalanx of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no phalanx-specific code; the best available code covers all bones of the hand or finger, which includes phalanges but is anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "448853008", "display" : "External fixation of phalanx of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no phalanx-specific toe code; the nearest code covers all bones of the foot or toe, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448504002", "display" : "External fixation of scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LC.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous application of external fixator device to shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scapula has no dedicated ICHI code; this is the only shoulder-region external fixator code that explicitly uses the term \"external fixator device\", though it specifies a percutaneous approach and the broader shoulder region." }] }, { "code" : "178236004", "display" : "Extirpation of lesion of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Extirpation of lesion of muscle\" covers any body site; MRM.JI.AA is the unspecified-site residual code for local excision of a muscle lesion, the closest structural match." }] }, { "code" : "176852000", "display" : "Extra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.SH.AC", "display" : "Medical induction of labour, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Extra-amniotic prostaglandin instillation is a specific induction technique via the cervical/vaginal route; NME.SH.AC covers medical induction of labour per orifice broadly, not specifying prostaglandins or extra-amniotic delivery." }] }, { "code" : "308694002", "display" : "Extracapsular cataract extraction and insertion of intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no combined code for cataract extraction plus intraocular lens insertion; BBF.JK.AA captures the primary lens extraction action only, missing the IOL insertion component." }] }, { "code" : "88282000", "display" : "Extracapsular extraction of cataract by mechanical fragmentation with aspiration", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JK.AA covers extraction of the lens generally but does not capture the specific extracapsular technique with mechanical fragmentation and aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "444889008", "display" : "Extracapsular repair of tear of anterior cruciate ligament using suture stabilization and fiber tape implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.MK.AA covers open repair of knee ligaments broadly, encompassing ACL repair, but ICHI lacks an ACL-specific code or codes for the suture stabilization with fiber tape implant technique." }] }, { "code" : "431494004", "display" : "Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of tendon using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MIS.SC.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to ESWL/ESWT of a tendon; MIS.SC.BJ is the closest available match (means axis denotes ultrasound), but broader than the tendon-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "700503001", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for calcific tendinitis of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MIS.SC.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI code for ESWT applied to the shoulder region (upper limb), but broader — does not specify the shoulder tendon nor encode the calcific tendinitis indication." }] }, { "code" : "427278007", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of calculus of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.SC.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for ESWT specifically targeting a tendon calculus; MRS.SC.BJ (soft tissue of unspecified site) is preferred since the SNOMED concept does not specify a body region." }] }, { "code" : "230981003", "display" : "Extracranial decompression of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of cranial nerve\" is the closest ICHI concept to extracranial decompression; ICHI does not distinguish extracranial from intracranial location, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "230957005", "display" : "Extracranial destruction of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Direct semantic match for the action and target with open approach; ICHI does not encode the extracranial qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "230959008", "display" : "Extracranial destruction of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"destruction of ganglion\" code; AAN.GA.AA is the best available approximation since cranial ganglia are within this ICHI block, but broader and does not distinguish ganglion from nerve trunk." }] }, { "code" : "1340198009", "display" : "Extraction and reimplantation of tooth with insertion of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.KD.AC", "display" : "Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.KD.AC covers reimplantation/transplantation of a tooth, but ICHI does not capture the combined extraction-and-reimplantation act nor the splint insertion." }] }, { "code" : "64835001", "display" : "Extraction of after cataract with iridocapsulectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"After cataract\" refers to residual lens capsule/cortex, and iridocapsulectomy adds removal of iris tissue — a combination not captured by any single ICHI code; BBF.JK.AA represents the primary lens extraction component only." }] }, { "code" : "708800006", "display" : "Extraction of calculus of biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KCA", "display" : "Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers calculus extraction from the entire biliary tract; ICHI has separate site-specific codes but no single code for the whole biliary tract, so this block is the best parent." }] }, { "code" : "38621000087109", "display" : "Extraction of cataract and implantation of intraocular lens in left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate codes for lens extraction and prosthetic lens insertion but no combined code; BBF.JK.AA captures only the extraction component without the IOL insertion or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "38631000087106", "display" : "Extraction of cataract and implantation of intraocular lens in right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a combined cataract extraction plus IOL implantation code; BBF.JK.AA covers only the extraction component, missing the IOL insertion and right-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "446548003", "display" : "Extraction of cataract and trabeculectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This combined procedure (cataract extraction plus trabeculectomy) has no combined ICHI code and no specific trabeculectomy code; BBF.JK.AA covers only the lens extraction component." }] }, { "code" : "57703000", "display" : "Extraction of permanent tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JE.AC", "display" : "Extraction of tooth without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JE.AC covers extraction without incision (standard forceps/elevator approach), which matches the typical permanent tooth extraction. ICHI does not distinguish between permanent and primary dentition." }] }, { "code" : "5130002", "display" : "Extraction of primary membranous cataract by discission", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for discission as a technique, nor for \"membranous\" or \"primary\" cataract; BBF.JK.AA is the closest parent, broader as it does not capture the technique or specific cataract type." }] }, { "code" : "1366555002", "display" : "Extralevator abdominoperineal excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) is a specific, more radical variant of abdominoperineal resection involving en-bloc removal of the rectum with the levator ani muscles; ICHI's total excision of rectum covers this procedure but does not capture the extended levator resection or the specific surgical approach, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "34321002", "display" : "Extraocular muscle tenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of extraocular muscles or tendons", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenotomy is a specific procedure involving cutting of a tendon; the best available ICHI code is incision of extraocular muscles or tendons, which covers the broader category of incision procedures including tenotomy but also encompasses other incision procedures of this target." }] }, { "code" : "75882000", "display" : "Extraoral sialolithotomy of parotid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA captures extraction of a calculus from the parotid gland, which aligns with the clinical objective of a sialolithotomy; however, the ICHI code does not specify the extraoral surgical approach (as opposed to intraoral or endoscopic), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "57271003", "display" : "Extraperitoneal cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA is the sole ICHI code for caesarean delivery and does not distinguish between the extraperitoneal and the standard transperitoneal technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the extraperitoneal approach." }] }, { "code" : "385905006", "display" : "Eye care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.AA.AH covers assessment of both the eye and eye functions as a combined unspecified target, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies \"care assessment\" in a clinical care context. It is the closest assignable code for a general ophthalmic assessment." }] }, { "code" : "266783009", "display" : "Face to pubes conversion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Face to pubes conversion\" is a specific obstetric manual rotation maneuver that converts a face presentation to an occiput (vertex) presentation for vaginal delivery; NMR.LD.AC captures this as a fetal rotation intervention, though it is broader as it does not specify the type or direction of rotation." }] }, { "code" : "3968003", "display" : "Facetectomy of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A facetectomy is a partial excision of the articular facet of a vertebra, which fits squarely within the concept of partial ostectomy of vertebra. ICHI does not have a facet-specific code, so MBZ.JJ.AA is broader but the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "288047005", "display" : "Facial bone - bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"bone graft to facial bone\" code, so MAB.ML.AA (reconstruction of facial bone) is the closest functional equivalent — a bone graft is a form of reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all reconstructive techniques, not just grafting." }] }, { "code" : "107746008", "display" : "Facial bone destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAB.GA.AA directly represents destruction applied to facial bone and is the best structural match. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it specifies destruction of a lesion, whereas the SNOMED concept is a broader category covering any destructive procedure on facial bone." }] }, { "code" : "107748009", "display" : "Facial bone manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Facial bone manipulation\" most closely corresponds to closed (manual) reduction of a facial bone — MAB.LD.AH. The ICHI code is somewhat narrower in framing (reduction implies a displaced fracture context), whereas the SNOMED concept is a broader grouping for any manipulation of facial bone." }] }, { "code" : "229123001", "display" : "Facial exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for facial exercises; the closest match is MU2.PG.ZZ, which covers exercise interventions targeting muscle functions generically. Facial exercises are a form of muscle-function exercise, but the ICHI code spans all body muscle groups." }] }, { "code" : "69229008", "display" : "Facial measurement and fitting of spectacles, single focus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for spectacle prescription or fitting; BTB.AB.ZZ (Measurement of seeing functions) captures the refraction/measurement component but is broader, omitting the fitting/dispensing of single-focus lenses." }] }, { "code" : "77726006", "display" : "Facial rhytidoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rhytidoplasty (facelift) consists of excision and tightening of excess facial skin and subcutaneous tissue, which corresponds to \"reduction\" of skin/subcutaneous tissue; however, LAA.LL.AA covers all of head and neck rather than the face specifically." }] }, { "code" : "311680002", "display" : "Facilitating initiation of swallowing exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTC.PG.ZZ covers assisting and leading exercises for swallowing, which closely matches the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it does not specifically restrict to the \"initiation\" phase of exercise." }] }, { "code" : "767608007", "display" : "Facilitating symbolic play", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in playing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXD.RB.ZZ addresses practical support for play engagement which maps onto facilitating play, but ICHI does not distinguish symbolic/pretend play as a sub-type, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1156687006", "display" : "Facilitation of adequate sleep", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.RB.ZZ covers practical support directed at sleep functions, which broadly corresponds to facilitating adequate sleep. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any practical support for sleep functions rather than specifically targeting sleep adequacy." }] }, { "code" : "1156582006", "display" : "Facilitation of personal hygiene", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Caring for body parts\" (SMC) in ICHI is the self-care target covering hygiene tasks such as washing and grooming, and RB (practical support) maps to the facilitation/assistance action. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all body-part care beyond hygiene alone." }] }, { "code" : "103808009", "display" : "Factor XII inhibitor assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for Factor XII inhibitor assays or individual coagulation factor testing; DTA.AC.ZZ covers testing of haematological system functions broadly, which encompasses coagulation factor inhibitor assays but is far less specific." }] }, { "code" : "36056007", "display" : "Factor XIII inhibitor assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks granular coagulation factor inhibitor codes, so DTA.AC.ZZ (test of haematological system functions) is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific assay." }] }, { "code" : "236913003", "display" : "Fallopian replacement of egg with delayed insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.DH.AB", "display" : "Fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.DH.AB covers fallopian tube reproductive transfer procedures as a group and is the closest ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept is more specific — it identifies a particular technique (egg replacement with delayed insemination), which ICHI does not distinguish." }] }, { "code" : "410551005", "display" : "Family history taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to collecting family history; \"Interview in relation to the whole person\" (PZB.AN.ZZ) is the closest action-based code covering a structured interview with a patient, but it is broader in that it encompasses any whole-person interview rather than being restricted to eliciting heritable/familial health history." }] }, { "code" : "418386007", "display" : "Family medication education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Education about medications\" (UAC.PM.ZZ) is a strong semantic match for the educational content of this concept; it is slightly wider because ICHI does not distinguish whether the education recipient is the patient or the family, whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly targets the family as the audience." }] }, { "code" : "408921003", "display" : "Family process analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SSJ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of family relationships, which encompasses family process analysis, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the systematic analytical depth implied by \"process analysis\" and applies to any form of assessment of family relationship engagement." }] }, { "code" : "42299007", "display" : "Fascial sling of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.LC.AC", "display" : "Fixation of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fascial sling of the tongue achieves fixation/suspension of the tongue using a fascia strip, which matches the fixation of tongue concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the use of fascia as the means of fixation." }] }, { "code" : "406852005", "display" : "Fast sulfon black F stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fast sulfon black F is a specific enzyme histochemical stain applied to tissue sections (commonly used in muscle biopsy for mitochondrial enzyme activity). ICHI has no code for specific histochemical staining techniques; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the broadest encompassing category available." }] }, { "code" : "406853000", "display" : "Fast violet B salt stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fast violet B salt is a specific histochemical stain for enzyme activity (e.g., acid phosphatase) in tissue sections. No ICHI code exists for individual histochemical staining methods; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the only applicable category, making it far broader than this specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "406854006", "display" : "Fat red 7B stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fat red 7B is a lipophilic dye used in histochemical staining to demonstrate neutral lipids in tissue sections. ICHI contains no code for lipid or fat-specific histochemical stains; XG30Q5 Histopathology is the closest available parent category." }] }, { "code" : "281664003", "display" : "Fat tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The fat tolerance test assesses fat absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract (a digestive function). KT2.AC.ZZ covers unclassified tests of digestive system functions, which is the correct functional domain but considerably broader than this specific lipid absorption challenge test." }] }, { "code" : "385707008", "display" : "Fecal disimpaction education", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTK.PM.ZZ covers education about defaecation functions broadly, which encompasses but is wider than the specific SNOMED concept of education directed at fecal disimpaction; the ICHI code does not restrict to the disimpaction context but is the best available match in the digestive system education section." }] }, { "code" : "401258002", "display" : "Fecal lactose level", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fecal lactose level is a specific quantitative measurement of unabsorbed lactose in stool, used to assess carbohydrate malabsorption; ICHI's \"Assessment of assimilation functions\" covers the broader domain of intestinal absorption and assimilation but does not specify the lactose analyte or the fecal specimen type." }] }, { "code" : "281105001", "display" : "Fecal lipase measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fecal lipase is a specific measurement of pancreatic-origin lipase activity in stool, used to evaluate exocrine pancreatic function; no ICHI code targets pancreatic enzyme measurement in feces, so the NEC residual \"Test of functions of the digestive system\" is the closest broader match." }] }, { "code" : "401256003", "display" : "Fecal maltose level", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fecal maltose level quantifies undigested maltose (a disaccharide) in stool as a marker of carbohydrate maldigestion/malabsorption; ICHI's \"Assessment of assimilation functions\" captures the relevant digestive function domain but is far broader, encompassing all assimilation assessments without analyte or specimen specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1784004", "display" : "Fecal stercobilin, qualitative", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stercobilin is a bile pigment derivative detected qualitatively in feces to evaluate bile production and hepatobiliary function; ICHI has no code for fecal pigment analysis, so the residual \"Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified\" is the best available broader category." }] }, { "code" : "401255004", "display" : "Fecal sucrose level", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of assimilation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fecal sucrose level measures unabsorbed sucrose in stool as an indicator of sucrase deficiency or carbohydrate malabsorption; like fecal lactose and maltose, the closest ICHI match is \"Assessment of assimilation functions,\" which is substantially broader and lacks analyte or specimen specificity." }] }, { "code" : "418995006", "display" : "Feeding regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DA.ZZ captures administration of nutritional requirements by an unspecified means, which is the closest match to implementing a prescribed feeding regime; it is broader, covering any mode of nutritional administration rather than a specific planned regime." }] }, { "code" : "1208765009", "display" : "Female hypospadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.MK.AA covers the correct anatomical target and action but is broader — it does not specify hypospadias as the indication, the reconstructive subtype, or the female sex." }] }, { "code" : "405297004", "display" : "Femoro-posterior tibial graft for repair of aneurysm using prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA covers any reconstruction of a lower limb artery and is the best available ICHI code; it does not capture the specific femoro-posterior tibial route, prosthetic graft material, or aneurysm indication." }] }, { "code" : "233448005", "display" : "Femorofemoral venous crossover shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.LI.AA is the most specific available code for a lower limb venous bypass, but it does not encode the contralateral crossover route or shunt configuration that distinguishes this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1187239007", "display" : "Fenestration excision of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.JJ.AA represents disc excision at an unspecified spinal level without specifying approach; fenestration excision is a technique-specific variant (access via a small laminar window) so the ICHI code is broader in both technique and level." }] }, { "code" : "232754000", "display" : "Fenestration operation on mitral chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for fenestration of mitral chordae tendinae; HDF.MK.AA covers repair of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which explicitly includes chordal/subvalvar structures), making it the best available but broader code." }] }, { "code" : "232793009", "display" : "Fenestration operation on tricuspid chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for fenestration of tricuspid chordae tendinae; HDH.MK.AA covers repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus (which includes chordal structures), making it the best available but broader code." }] }, { "code" : "1255142001", "display" : "Fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food as an environmental intervention, but it is broader than the FODMAP concept, which specifies a particular dietary pattern restricting fermentable carbohydrates." }] }, { "code" : "252951006", "display" : "Fetal acoustic stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The fetal acoustic stimulation test elicits a fetal heart rate response with sound stimuli; ICHI has no code for acoustic/vibroacoustic stimulation testing, and NMR.AA.ZZ is the closest available code representing assessment of fetal structure, though broader and missing the acoustic modality." }] }, { "code" : "271442007", "display" : "Fetal anatomy study", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fetal anatomy study is a detailed ultrasound survey of fetal morphology to detect structural anomalies; NMR.BA.BJ is the best-fitting ICHI code for ultrasound of fetal structure, though it does not explicitly indicate a comprehensive anatomical survey." }] }, { "code" : "426840007", "display" : "Fetal biometry using ultrasound", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal biometry by ultrasound involves measuring fetal dimensions (BPD, FL, AC, etc.); NMR.BA.BJ maps this as ultrasound of fetal structure but is broader, lacking the biometric measurement purpose." }] }, { "code" : "21623001", "display" : "Fetal biophysical profile", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The fetal biophysical profile is a composite antepartum assessment combining ultrasound and cardiotocography; NMR.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code as a general assessment of fetal structure but does not capture the multicomponent scoring nature." }] }, { "code" : "62726004", "display" : "Fetal clavicotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal clavicotomy is a specific destructive obstetric procedure where the fetal clavicle is incised to reduce shoulder width; ICHI has no code specific to this technique and NMR.GA.AC is the closest broader category covering destructive fetal procedures performed to enable delivery." }] }, { "code" : "386561000", "display" : "Fetal craniotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal craniotomy is a destructive procedure on the fetal skull to collapse the head and enable delivery; NMR.GA.AC captures the obstetric destructive-fetal-operation context, though it is broader than the specific craniotomy technique." }] }, { "code" : "20891002", "display" : "Fetal decapitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal decapitation (severance of the fetal head to facilitate delivery of an obstructed shoulder or transverse lie) is a specific destructive obstetric procedure; NMR.GA.AC is the closest broader match for destructive fetal operations performed to facilitate delivery." }] }, { "code" : "433235006", "display" : "Fetal echocardiography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fetal echocardiography is an ultrasound-based cardiac imaging study of the fetus; NMR.BA.BJ captures both the fetal target and ultrasound modality, making it a closer fit than the non-fetal echocardiography code, though still broader as it does not specify cardiac focus." }] }, { "code" : "288141009", "display" : "Fetal head - manual flexion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Manual flexion of the fetal head is a specific intrapartum maneuver to correct deflexion and optimize presenting diameter; NMR.LD.AC covers manual repositioning/rotation of the fetus but does not distinguish flexion of the head specifically." }] }, { "code" : "281570002", "display" : "Fetal heart monitoring in labor", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AI.AH", "display" : "Monitoring of delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.AI.AH covers monitoring performed during the entire delivery process, which is broader than specifically monitoring the fetal heart during labor." }] }, { "code" : "408807004", "display" : "Fetal heart monitoring using fetal scalp electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AI.AC", "display" : "Internal fetal monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AI.AC covers internal fetal monitoring broadly, and a fetal scalp electrode is the canonical method of internal fetal monitoring; the ICHI code does not specify cardiac focus or electrode means." }] }, { "code" : "408806008", "display" : "Fetal heart monitoring using hand held Doppler", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A handheld Doppler uses ultrasound to detect fetal heart rate, so NMR.BA.BJ is the closest available code; however, it covers all ultrasound-based fetal assessments rather than specifically cardiac Doppler monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "408808009", "display" : "Fetal heart monitoring using ultrasound transducer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "External cardiotocographic monitoring via ultrasound transducer aligns with NMR.BA.BJ, but that code encompasses all fetal ultrasound and is not restricted to continuous cardiac monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "408845003", "display" : "Fetal heart monitoring with Pinard stethoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for acoustic auscultation of the fetal heart; NMR.AA.ZZ is the broadest possible match within the fetal interventions block, covering any clinical assessment of the fetus including auscultation with a Pinard stethoscope." }] }, { "code" : "252950007", "display" : "Fetal physical stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fetal physical stimulation test (vibroacoustic or manual stimulation to elicit fetal heart rate response) is a specific type of fetal assessment; NMR.AA.ZZ covers assessment of fetal/embryonic structure broadly, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "177090001", "display" : "Fetoscopic biopsy of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AD.AD describes biopsy of fetal structures without specifying the fetoscopic approach explicit in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader; the procedural intent (tissue biopsy from the fetus) is otherwise well matched." }] }, { "code" : "240279008", "display" : "Fetoscopic procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMR", "display" : "Interventions on fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any fetoscopic procedure; no single ICHI category code covers all fetoscopic interventions, so the block BlockL5-NMR encompassing interventions on fetal or embryonic structures is the best structural equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "173153000", "display" : "Fiberoptic bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion below trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.GA.AD captures the endoscopic (bronchoscopic) destruction of a bronchial lesion which aligns with \"below trachea\"; the ICHI code does not specify laser as the destructive means, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "6611000179105", "display" : "Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with brush biopsy of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AD.AD correctly represents an endoscopic (fiberoptic bronchoscopic) biopsy of the bronchus; the ICHI code does not distinguish brush biopsy from forceps or needle biopsy techniques." }] }, { "code" : "1263719001", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic cryoablation of lesion of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the endoscopic destruction of a colonic lesion but does not specify cryoablation as the technique (no cryo-specific value on the means axis), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "174173004", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes endoscopic destruction of a colonic lesion correctly but lacks a laser-specific means value, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser as the destructive modality." }] }, { "code" : "173637002", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI correctly captures endoscopic destruction of an oesophageal lesion but has no laser-specific means code, so the ICHI category is broader." }] }, { "code" : "173139000", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and destruction of a tracheal lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify laser as the means of destruction." }] }, { "code" : "426018002", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic photodynamic therapy of lesion of lower respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photodynamic therapy of the lower respiratory tract is best represented by endoscopic destruction of a bronchial lesion; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify photodynamic therapy as the modality and covers the bronchus rather than the full lower respiratory tract." }] }, { "code" : "427240005", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic photodynamic therapy of lesion of upper gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Photodynamic therapy of upper GI tract lesions is predominantly performed in the oesophagus (e.g., Barrett's oesophagus); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify photodynamic therapy as the modality and is scoped to the oesophagus rather than the full upper GI tract." }] }, { "code" : "426431003", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic pressure-controlled balloon dilation of lower esophageal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pressure-controlled balloon dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter (pneumatic dilation for achalasia) is a form of endoscopic oesophageal dilatation; KBA.LG.AD is the closest available code but does not specify the balloon/pressure-controlled technique or the sphincter as the precise target." }] }, { "code" : "426841006", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopic rubber band ligation of upper gastrointestinal tract varices", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rubber band ligation of oesophageal varices is the dominant clinical scenario; KBA.LA.AD is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify rubber band ligation as the technique or varices as the target tissue." }] }, { "code" : "1217146001", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for bronchoscopic brush cytology of a lesion; JBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy) is the closest assignable code covering the endoscopic access to the bronchus, but it does not capture the specific brush cytology sampling action." }] }, { "code" : "1217147005", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract and lavage of lesion of lower respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus) maps to the lavage component performed endoscopically, but it does not encode the lesion-targeted nature of the lavage and subsumes the fiberoptic access method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1217132001", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract with biopsy, lavage and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AE.AD", "display" : "Bronchoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept combines three distinct sampling actions (biopsy, lavage, brush cytology) performed bronchoscopically; ICHI has no combined multi-action code, and JBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy) is the broadest applicable single code that encompasses the endoscopic lower airway access without capturing the three specific sampling modalities." }] }, { "code" : "1217145002", "display" : "Fiberoptic endoscopy of lower respiratory tract with lavage and brush cytology of lesion of lower respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.JA.AD (Endoscopic irrigation of bronchus) best represents the lavage/irrigation component — the dominant procedural action — but does not capture the brush cytology element or the lesion-targeted specificity, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173641003", "display" : "Fiberoptic esophagoscopy and banding of esophageal varices", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices is a specific form of endoscopic occlusion of the oesophagus; KBA.LA.AD is the best-fitting ICHI code but is broader because it covers any endoscopic occlusion and does not specify varices or banding." }] }, { "code" : "173638007", "display" : "Fiberoptic esophagoscopy and cauterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization performed via fiberoptic esophagoscopy is a form of endoscopic destruction of oesophageal tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any endoscopic means of destruction beyond cauterization alone." }] }, { "code" : "27147003", "display" : "Filipuncture of cerebral aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Filipuncture is a historical technique in which metallic wire filaments are introduced into an intracranial aneurysm to induce thrombosis and occlude it. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of open occlusion of the intracranial artery, not specifically wire-induced aneurysm thrombosis." }] }, { "code" : "53486007", "display" : "Filleting of finger flap including preparation of recipient site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Filleting of a finger flap involves harvesting the skin/soft tissue envelope of a (non-viable) finger as a pedicle flap and preparing the recipient site on the upper limb. LAE.ML.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code but is wider as it encompasses all skin transfer to the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "18677005", "display" : "Filleting of toe flap including preparation of recipient site", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Filleting of a toe flap involves harvesting the skin/soft tissue envelope of a (non-viable) toe as a flap and preparing the recipient site on the lower limb. LAG.ML.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code but is wider as it covers all forms of skin transfer to the lower limb." }] }, { "code" : "25839004", "display" : "Filtration rate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Filtration rate measurement\" in clinical context refers to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a measurement of renal excretory function. NTC.AB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses GFR but also other urinary excretory measurements." }] }, { "code" : "83362003", "display" : "Final inpatient visit with instructions at discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG38D0", "display" : "Discharge planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG38D0 (Discharge planning) is the closest ICHI concept, representing the organisational activity at the end of an inpatient stay; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes the final visit interaction combined with delivery of discharge instructions." }] }, { "code" : "75650000", "display" : "Finger-to-finger test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The finger-to-finger test is a specific bedside neurological test for upper-limb coordination (cerebellar/voluntary motor control); MVD.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but broader as it covers any test of voluntary movement, not specifically the finger-to-finger variant." }] }, { "code" : "73060005", "display" : "Finger-to-nose test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The finger-to-nose test is a standard clinical assessment of upper-limb voluntary motor coordination (cerebellar function). MVD.AC.ZZ is broader because it encompasses all tests of voluntary movement control, not specifically the finger-to-nose manoeuvre." }] }, { "code" : "225335001", "display" : "Fire risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VCC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of home safety behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fire risk assessment is a specific type of home safety assessment; VCC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of home safety behaviours) is the closest ICHI code, sitting within the home safety behaviours block, but is broader because it covers all home safety assessments, not specifically fire risk." }] }, { "code" : "711444000", "display" : "First stage attachment of fixture for nasal prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes the surgical first-stage placement of an osseointegrated fixture (implant anchor) in the nasal area to support an external nasal prosthesis. JAA.DN.AC is the closest ICHI match but is broader as it does not specify the prosthesis-staging context or osseointegration technique." }] }, { "code" : "301774009", "display" : "First stage of two stage orchidopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.LC.AA covers orchiopexy as a procedure type but does not capture the staged nature of the operation (specifically \"first stage of a two-stage procedure\"); ICHI represents the complete orchiopexy procedure without distinguishing multi-stage approaches." }] }, { "code" : "236286007", "display" : "First stage urethra terminalizing operation using prepucial skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction, the closest available ICHI code for a urethra terminalizing operation using a preputial skin flap (a form of urethroplasty); ICHI does not encode the specific technique (prepucial flap), the terminal/hypospadias context, or the staged nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1254999000", "display" : "Fish free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ represents modification of food in a general sense under the \"Interventions on food\" block; ICHI has no code specific to fish exclusion diets, so this broader food-modification code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "27104003", "display" : "Fistulization of labyrinth for decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for labyrinth fistulization or decompression; \"Incision of inner ear\" is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not capture the fistulization purpose or explicit decompression intent." }] }, { "code" : "290039009", "display" : "Fit ear mold for existing hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting an ear mold for a hearing aid; PAB.DP.AH is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any assistive product fitted to the head/neck region without specifying ear molds or hearing aids." }] }, { "code" : "290041005", "display" : "Fit ear mold for hearing protection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for fitting a custom ear mold for hearing protection; PAB.DP.AH is the best available code but is wider, covering any assistive product for the head/neck without distinguishing hearing protection or custom mold fabrication." }] }, { "code" : "290040006", "display" : "Fit ear mold for swim plug", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for fitting a swim plug ear mold; PAB.DP.AH applies as the broader category for assistive product installation at the head/neck level without specificity for swim plugs or ear canal protection." }] }, { "code" : "1263599002", "display" : "Fitting of acrylic removable partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a removable partial denture; \"Application of dental device\" is the closest assignable code but encompasses all dental device applications rather than specifically a removable acrylic partial denture." }] }, { "code" : "1144276002", "display" : "Fitting of complete lower denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a complete lower denture specifically; KAE.LC.AC is the broadest applicable category under Interventions on Teeth and subsumes all dental appliance fittings without capturing the mandibular or complete-denture specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1144281006", "display" : "Fitting of complete upper denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a maxillary complete denture; KAE.LC.AC is the most specific assignable code available and is broader, covering all dental device applications rather than this particular prosthetic context." }] }, { "code" : "1285470001", "display" : "Fitting of dental crown to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" is the closest assignable ICHI code for placing a dental crown on an implant, as it covers restorative dental work; it is broader because it does not specify the crown-on-implant context and includes all forms of tooth restoration." }] }, { "code" : "234855006", "display" : "Fitting of fixed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, making it broader than the specific act of bonding a fixed orthodontic retainer; it is the best available ICHI match within the \"Interventions on teeth\" block." }] }, { "code" : "1285569004", "display" : "Fitting of intraoral appliance for sleep apnea", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mandibular advancement device for sleep apnea is a tooth-anchored dental device, and fitting it corresponds to applying a dental device. The ICHI code is broader, with no specificity for sleep apnea indication or the intraoral/mandibular advancement appliance type." }] }, { "code" : "1264529000", "display" : "Fitting of labial gingival veneer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A labial gingival veneer is a removable prosthetic cover for the labial/gingival surfaces; no ICHI code for veneer or gingival prosthetics exists, and \"Application of dental device\" is the closest available category but lacks specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1286816004", "display" : "Fitting of mandibular resection prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of external appliance of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mandibular resection prosthesis is an external appliance applied to the mandible following resection surgery. MAG.SM.AH is the closest ICHI code but is broader because it covers ongoing management/adjustments rather than the specific initial fitting of a post-resection prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "1264392003", "display" : "Fitting of maxillary obturator", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A maxillary obturator covers a palatal/maxillary defect and is retained via the dentition, making it functionally a dental prosthetic device. No specific ICHI code for obturator fitting exists; \"Application of dental device\" is the nearest category but is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1285567002", "display" : "Fitting of palatal lift prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A palatal lift prosthesis is a removable device that elevates the soft palate to improve velopharyngeal closure for speech or swallowing. The ICHI code is broader because it refers to implantation of an internal device rather than a removable external prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "1269227002", "display" : "Fitting of partial lower denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Application of dental device\" covers the act of fitting a denture as a dental appliance, but does not distinguish partial from full dentures, nor mandibular (lower) from maxillary (upper) arch — making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1269229004", "display" : "Fitting of partial upper denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the lower denture: this is the best available ICHI code for fitting any dental prosthetic appliance, but it does not capture the partial or maxillary (upper) specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "87774002", "display" : "Fitting of prosthesis of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMD.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Installation of assistive product to hand\" is the closest ICHI code, sitting under the dedicated \"Interventions on hand\" block, and covers application of an external prosthetic device to the hand; however, ICHI does not explicitly distinguish a prosthesis (replacing an amputated part) from other assistive products, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1263768001", "display" : "Fitting of removable partial denture with cobalt chromium framework", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a removable partial denture with a specific cobalt-chromium framework material; ICHI's \"Application of dental device\" covers the general act but carries none of that specificity regarding removability, arch, partiality, or material framework." }] }, { "code" : "61533004", "display" : "Fitting of shoe", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fitting of a shoe (in the therapeutic/orthopedic sense, as SNOMED intends) maps best to \"Installation of assistive product to foot,\" which is the correct anatomical location under the lower limb block; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any assistive product applied to the foot, not specifically therapeutic footwear." }] }, { "code" : "1268673001", "display" : "Fixation of ceramic veneer to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the general act of restoring a tooth under KAE.MK.AC, which subsumes veneer fixation as one form of tooth restoration. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all restorative approaches (composite, amalgam, ceramic veneer, etc.) whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a single material-specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "234799009", "display" : "Fixation of dental bridge", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dental bridge is a fixed prosthetic device applied to teeth, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device, Interventions on teeth) is the best available ICHI code for the act of placing a fixed dental appliance. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any dental device application, not specifically a fixed bridge (pontic) prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "1285471002", "display" : "Fixation of dental crown to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Attaching a dental crown to an implant abutment is a form of applying a dental prosthetic device (LC = application of device, target = teeth), but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any dental device application and does not distinguish implant-supported crowns from other dental device placements." }] }, { "code" : "1259133003", "display" : "Fixation of fracture of bone of spine using bone screw internal spinal fixation system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bone screw internal spinal fixation system is a device implanted into the spine (DN = insertion/implantation of device, target = vertebral column NEC), which captures the means of fixation; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the fracture indication and covers any spinal device implantation." }] }, { "code" : "80742007", "display" : "Fixation of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In orthopaedic terminology, surgical fixation of a joint equates to arthrodesis (permanent stabilisation/fusion), and MLJ.LE.AA is the ICHI code for this procedure on the hip; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it explicitly denotes arthrodesis/fusion whereas the SNOMED term could include temporary fixation methods." }] }, { "code" : "359605007", "display" : "Fixation of ileum to abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ileum is the distal portion of the small intestine, so KBK.LC.AA (fixation, LC action axis, small intestine NEC target) semantically encompasses this procedure; it is wider because it does not specify that the ileum is the segment fixed nor that the anchoring point is the abdominal wall." }] }, { "code" : "1269409002", "display" : "Fixation of indirect resin veneer onto labial surface of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) covers dental restorations broadly, but does not distinguish indirect resin veneers on the labial surface specifically; the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying both the material (resin veneer), method (indirect/adhesive fixation), and anatomical surface (labial)." }] }, { "code" : "1264531009", "display" : "Fixation of indirect restoration to tooth using silicate cement", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" encompasses all dental restorations without differentiating the luting material (silicate cement) or the indirect method; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the cementation technique and the type of cement used." }] }, { "code" : "14300001000004101", "display" : "Fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of femur using nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Implantation of device into femur\" is the closest available code, capturing the insertion of a nail (device) into the femur, but it does not specify the fracture context (intertrochanteric fracture) or that the purpose is fracture fixation; the ICHI code is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "359596007", "display" : "Fixation of jejunum to abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to fixation of the jejunum (a segment of small intestine) to the abdominal wall, while ICHI's code covers fixation of any small intestine segment without further specification; the ICHI code is broader since it covers all small intestinal fixation, not only jejunum." }] }, { "code" : "1052277001", "display" : "Fixation of left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mastopexy is the standard surgical term for breast fixation/lifting, covering the procedure semantically. However, LCA.LC.AA is not lateralised (applies to either breast), so it is broader than the left-sided SNOMED concept; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "735023007", "display" : "Fixation of left testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orchiopexy is the standard term for surgical testis fixation, making this a strong conceptual match. Like the breast concept, NGL.LC.AA is not lateralised, so it is broader than the left-sided SNOMED concept; laterality would need to be captured via an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1269411006", "display" : "Fixation of porcelain veneer onto labial surface of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for veneer placement; KAE.MK.AC (Restoration of tooth) is the closest category as a dental veneer is a form of restorative intervention on a tooth. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all types of tooth restoration without specifying veneer material, technique, or surface." }] }, { "code" : "428201003", "display" : "Fixation of retina using mechanical tacks", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Repair of retina\" is the closest available code and encompasses retinal fixation procedures, but does not distinguish the specific means of mechanical tacks; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this technique-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1052276005", "display" : "Fixation of right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mastopexy (breast fixation/suspension) is the direct ICHI equivalent of breast fixation, but the ICHI base code does not encode laterality (right side), which would require an extension code; the base code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "735024001", "display" : "Fixation of right testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orchiopexy is the standard clinical term for testicular fixation and directly corresponds to the procedure, but the ICHI base code does not encode laterality (right side), making it broader than the laterality-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "104921000220103", "display" : "Fixation of temporary dental crown to dental implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cementing or fixing a crown onto a dental implant abutment; KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the closest category covering the act of placing/securing a dental appliance to a tooth or implant, but it is broader and does not distinguish between temporary vs. permanent crowns or implant-supported vs. tooth-supported crowns." }] }, { "code" : "64689002", "display" : "Fixation of tongue with mechanical K wire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.LC.AC", "display" : "Fixation of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.LC.AC directly encodes fixation of the tongue, matching the core procedure; however, ICHI does not specify the means (Kirschner wire), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names the mechanical K-wire technique." }] }, { "code" : "236242002", "display" : "Fixed suspension procedure of urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.LC.AA covers suspension procedures on the bladder neck in general and is the closest available ICHI code; it does not distinguish \"fixed\" (as opposed to dynamic or sling) suspension, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The open approach (AA) aligns with a traditional fixed suspension (e.g. Burch colposuspension), though the means axis does not encode the fixation type." }] }, { "code" : "176159006", "display" : "Flexible cystoscopy and cystodiathermy of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AD captures transurethral (endoscopic) destruction of a bladder lesion, which aligns with the therapeutic component of this combined procedure; however it does not encode the specific diathermy means (the means axis AD covers endoscopic/transurethral approach generally, not diathermy specifically) nor the diagnostic cystoscopy component, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "300963001", "display" : "Flexible cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral endoscopic destruction of a bladder lesion and is the best available ICHI match for the therapeutic part of this procedure; the laser means is not distinguished in the means axis (AD = transurethral endoscopic, not laser-specific), and the concurrent diagnostic flexible cystoscopy component is not captured, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439061000124104", "display" : "Fluid restricted diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food) covers the prescriptive act of ordering a therapeutic diet, of which a fluid-restricted diet is one specific instance. The ICHI code is broader, applying to any dietary prescription regardless of the type of restriction, so it is wider than the narrowly defined fluid-restricted diet in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "437141000124108", "display" : "Fluoride modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Fluoride modified diet\" is a specific dietary restriction/modification to control fluoride intake, which falls within the ICHI concept of modifying food/dietary content (UAB = Interventions on food; DA = modification). However, UAB.DA.ZZ is broader, covering any food modification without specificity to fluoride or diet prescription context." }] }, { "code" : "710161003", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography and atherectomy of artery of lower limb with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BB", "display" : "Angiography of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept encodes a combined procedure — fluoroscopic angiography with contrast plus atherectomy (plaque removal) of a lower limb artery — but ICHI has no single code combining both; IFA.BA.BB captures the angiography component and is the closest single code, but is broader as it omits the concurrent atherectomy (which would correspond most closely to IFA.JE.AA, endarterectomy). The two procedures would need two separate ICHI codes to be fully represented." }] }, { "code" : "432425005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of axillary artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the stenting procedure (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion) via an endovascular approach at the upper limb artery level, but does not distinguish the axillary artery specifically. The fluoroscopic angiography guidance and the specific vessel are both subsumed into the broader ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "434364005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of brachial artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the axillary artery concept, ICHI does not have a brachial-artery-specific stenting code; ICA.LH.AF is the best available match, covering all upper limb artery percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device (stent) insertion, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "433200009", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of brachiocephalic artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachiocephalic trunk arises from the aortic arch and is classified as a thoracic artery in ICHI anatomy; IDA.LH.AF is the closest available code, but covers all thoracic arteries rather than the brachiocephalic trunk specifically, and does not encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance." }] }, { "code" : "432785007", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.LH.AF is the most specific ICHI code available, targeting the extracranial carotid artery with percutaneous transluminal dilatation and device insertion, which aligns well with carotid stenting; however, ICHI does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from plain stents, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic angiography component explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "433591001", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of common carotid artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers carotid stenting at the extracranial level but does not differentiate a stent graft (covered stent) from a bare-metal stent, nor does it encode the fluoroscopic angiography guidance, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431451009", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of common femoral artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous stent insertion into any artery of the lower limb, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the common femoral artery; additionally, ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance as a composite element of the therapeutic code." }] }, { "code" : "431733007", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LH.AF covers percutaneous stent insertion into any abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the inferior mesenteric artery; ICHI also does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from plain stents at the code level, so both the vessel specificity and device subtype granularity are lost." }] }, { "code" : "433777005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of inferior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LH.AF captures percutaneous device insertion into an abdominal or pelvic artery and is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI does not differentiate a stent-graft (covered stent used for endovascular repair) from a bare-metal stent, and the vessel specificity to the inferior mesenteric artery is also not captured, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "418658009", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of lower limb artery with contrast and insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF matches the target anatomy (artery of lower limb) and the therapeutic action (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion, i.e., stent), but is wider because ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance as part of the procedure code and the \"device\" in the ICHI title encompasses any intravascular device, not exclusively a stent." }] }, { "code" : "431489004", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of pulmonary artery with contrast with pressure measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.BA.BB", "display" : "Angiography of pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HID.BA.BB covers angiography of the pulmonary artery with contrast (fluoroscopic angiography maps to this code via the BB means axis), but the ICHI code does not capture the additional pressure measurement component performed during the same procedure. No dedicated ICHI code exists for pulmonary artery pressure measurement, so the imaging code is the best single match, making it wider than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "434545000", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of radial artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radial artery is a specific artery of the upper limb, and stent insertion via a percutaneous/fluoroscopic approach maps well to ICA.LH.AF; however, the ICHI code is broader (covers all upper limb arteries, not just radial) and does not distinguish stents from other devices." }] }, { "code" : "432427002", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of drug eluting stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery falls within the abdominal artery group, and percutaneous stent placement via fluoroscopy fits IEA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries and does not distinguish drug-eluting stents from other intravascular devices." }] }, { "code" : "433736006", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of superior mesenteric artery using contrast with insertion of stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stent graft insertion into the superior mesenteric artery is an endovascular procedure that maps to IEA.LH.AF (percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery); the ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish stent grafts from plain stents, and covers the entire abdominal/pelvic artery group rather than the specific superior mesenteric artery." }] }, { "code" : "434649001", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography of ulnar artery using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulnar artery is a specific artery of the upper limb, and fluoroscopic stent insertion maps to ICA.LH.AF; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries rather than the ulnar artery specifically, and uses \"device\" broadly rather than specifying a stent." }] }, { "code" : "429794009", "display" : "Fluoroscopic angiography with contrast and thrombolysis of aorta and femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.DB.AF captures the femoral artery thrombolysis component, but the SNOMED concept also specifies thrombolysis of the aorta (a second vessel) and fluoroscopic angiography guidance; no single ICHI code covers both vessel targets together, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept in vessel scope while also being narrower in not encoding the imaging component." }] }, { "code" : "1336164005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic lymphangiography of mediastinal lymph node group with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFE.BA.BB", "display" : "Lymphogram of mediastinal lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFE.BA.BB covers imaging (lymphogram) of the mediastinal lymph node, which captures the target anatomy and the imaging nature of the procedure. However, the ICHI code does not specify the fluoroscopic modality or the use of contrast medium, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1336163004", "display" : "Fluoroscopic lymphangiography of para-aortic lymph node group with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.BA.BB", "display" : "Lymphogram of abdominal or pelvic lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Para-aortic lymph nodes are located in the retroperitoneal abdominal region and fall within ICHI's \"abdominal or pelvic lymph node\" grouping (DFF). The ICHI code is broader in two respects: it does not specify fluoroscopy or contrast medium, and it covers the entire abdominal/pelvic lymph node region rather than the para-aortic group specifically." }] }, { "code" : "431298004", "display" : "Fluoroscopic myelogram of lumbar spine with cervical puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.BA.BB", "display" : "Contrast myelogram of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.BA.BB is the ICHI code for a contrast myelogram of the spinal canal, which directly matches the core procedure (contrast imaging of the spinal canal). The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the lumbar spine target region or the cervical puncture access route that are specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "419992002", "display" : "Fluoroscopic nephrostography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.BA.BB", "display" : "X-ray of kidney with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nephrostography is fluoroscopic imaging of the kidney/renal collecting system through a nephrostomy tube with contrast; NAA.BA.BB (x-ray of kidney with contrast) is the closest ICHI category available, capturing both the renal target and the use of contrast medium. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify fluoroscopy as the modality, the percutaneous stoma route of contrast administration, or the nephrostomy-specific context." }] }, { "code" : "433764001", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of basilic vein using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICD.LH.AF covers stent insertion into any vein of the upper limb, which includes the basilic vein, but does not capture the specific vessel nor the concurrent fluoroscopic venography with contrast. The ICHI code is broader on both the target specificity and the combined imaging component." }] }, { "code" : "434308005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of brachial vein using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachial vein is a vein of the upper limb, making ICD.LH.AF the appropriate anatomical match for the stenting component, but ICHI does not distinguish the brachial vein specifically nor encode the concomitant fluoroscopic venography." }] }, { "code" : "429795005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of brachiocephalic vein with contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachiocephalic vein (innominate vein) is anatomically classified under thoracic veins, so IDB.LH.AF is the best-fit stenting code; it is broader because it covers all thoracic veins and does not capture the fluoroscopic venography component." }] }, { "code" : "433778000", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of cephalic vein using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cephalic vein is a superficial vein of the upper limb, correctly falling under ICD.LH.AF, but the code is broader in that it does not specify the cephalic vein or capture the fluoroscopic venography with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "763469008", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of metallic stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric vein (superior and inferior) are tributaries of the portal venous system and fall within the \"portal vein and branches\" target in ICHI; IEF.LH.AF is the closest stenting code, though it is broader than the specific mesenteric vessel and does not capture the fluoroscopic venography or the \"metallic stent graft\" specificity." }] }, { "code" : "434367003", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of mesenteric vein using contrast with insertion of stent graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric vein is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and endovascular stent grafting is a form of vascular reconstruction, making IED.ML.AA the closest available code. ICHI is broader in two respects: it covers all abdominal/pelvic veins (not specifically the mesenteric) and the term \"reconstruction\" encompasses open and endovascular techniques rather than being limited to stent graft insertion." }] }, { "code" : "433026007", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography of popliteal vein using contrast with insertion of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The popliteal vein is a vein of the lower limb, and stent insertion via a percutaneous transluminal approach is well captured by this code. ICHI is wider because it covers any lower limb vein (not specifically popliteal), refers to any device (not just a stent), and bundles dilatation with device insertion as a combined action." }] }, { "code" : "419031005", "display" : "Fluoroscopic venography with contrast and embolization of testicular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The testicular (gonadal) vein is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and the therapeutic component of this procedure is endovascular embolisation, which IED.LA.AF captures precisely in terms of both action and approach. The code is wider because it encompasses all abdominal/pelvic veins rather than specifically the testicular vein, and it does not distinguish embolisation from simple occlusion." }] }, { "code" : "709857008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided aortic aneurysm repair with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fluoroscopy-guided aortic aneurysm repair most commonly refers to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the abdominal aorta via percutaneous transluminal delivery of a stent graft device, which HIH.DL.AF represents as closely as ICHI allows. The code is wider because it applies to any device insertion into the abdominal aorta (not specifically aneurysm repair) and does not capture the diagnostic imaging or the aneurysm-specific indication." }] }, { "code" : "872511000000100", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided application of external fixator on bone of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LC.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for \"bone of lower limb\" as a target; individual lower limb bones each have a dedicated code, so MRB.LC.AE (unspecified site, percutaneous approach) best represents the non-specific lower limb bone stated in the SNOMED concept. The code is wider as it covers any skeletal site rather than being limited to lower limb." }] }, { "code" : "872501000000102", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided application of external fixator on bone of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an external fixator applied under fluoroscopy guidance to an upper limb bone; PMA.LC.AH captures the upper limb target and device application action but does not distinguish the fixator type, the specific bone, or the fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1147151000000103", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided balloon dilation of bilateral bronchi", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus which is the closest structural match in ICHI; it does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, balloon technique, or the bilateral nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702554006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of an unspecified lymph node, which closely aligns with a fluoroscopy-guided (percutaneous) biopsy of a lymph node; the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy as the imaging guidance modality, and the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier indicates it covers residual unspecified sites, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "433172009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cardiac ablation with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AF matches the percutaneous/fluoroscopy-guided transluminal approach and the ablation of cardiac conductive tissue; however, it does not capture the use of contrast medium, and it specifically targets the cardiac conduction system rather than the full range of cardiac ablation targets, making it broader relative to the full SNOMED specificity." }] }, { "code" : "431470004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cecostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LI.AA", "display" : "Colostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated cecostomy code; KBP.LI.AA (Colostomy) is the closest available code as it represents surgical stoma creation on the colon, under which the cecum falls anatomically, but it is broader because it does not specify the cecal site or the fluoroscopic guidance technique used." }] }, { "code" : "432114008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided closure of atrial septal defect with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAD.ML.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal closure of interatrial communication with device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAD.ML.AF captures the percutaneous, device-based closure of an interatrial communication (i.e., atrial septal defect) but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that is central to the SNOMED concept. ICHI is therefore broader — the procedure substance matches well, but the imaging modality detail is absent." }] }, { "code" : "709981002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided coronary artery atherectomy with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific atherectomy code; HIA.JE.AF is the closest available code, covering endovascular removal of obstruction from a coronary artery, which encompasses atherectomy as a technique. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish atherectomy from other extraction methods, and omits the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance detail." }] }, { "code" : "1333885004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of left bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic (bronchoscopic) dilatation of the bronchus, which is the closest ICHI code to balloon dilation; however, it does not distinguish left from right bronchus, does not specify the cutting balloon technique, and does not encode fluoroscopic guidance — making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1333886003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided cutting balloon dilation of right bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.LG.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.LG.AD covers endoscopic bronchial dilatation generally but lacks laterality (right vs. left), cutting balloon specificity, and fluoroscopic guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1344708003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided dilation of mature percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the biliary duct broadly, which aligns with the procedure's core action and target. However, the SNOMED concept is more specific — it specifies fluoroscopy guidance, a \"mature\" percutaneous transhepatic drainage tract as the approach, and the biliary drainage tract (rather than the duct itself) as the target, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1345261004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided dilation of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.LG.AA directly matches the target (urethra) and action (dilatation), but it does not capture the fluoroscopy guidance specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI has no means code for fluoroscopy-guided urethral dilatation specifically, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287926004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of head with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.LA.AF covers the extracranial arteries of head and neck combined, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to arteries of the head only; additionally, ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means, making the ICHI code broader in both anatomical scope and procedural detail." }] }, { "code" : "1287927008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of neck with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.LA.AF is the only ICHI category covering extracranial arteries of the head and neck region — ICHI does not separate neck arteries from head arteries at this level — so the code is anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept, which targets neck arteries specifically. Fluoroscopy guidance with contrast is also not captured in the ICHI means axis." }] }, { "code" : "709660004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of pelvis with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which precisely matches the anatomical target and the embolization procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that is specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709662007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided embolization of portal vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation of the portal vein and branches, matching the anatomical target and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium as defined in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702671002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided embolization of spinal artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated target for the spinal artery — it is not grouped under intracranial, thoracic, or abdominal/pelvic arterial blocks — so the NEC residual code IZA.LA.AF is the best available match for endovascular embolisation of this vessel. The ICHI code is wider both because it is an NEC residual covering any unclassified artery and because it omits fluoroscopic guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "431626004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided endocardial ablation of pulmonary vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIE.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary vein isolation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIE.GA.AF represents percutaneous (catheter-based) pulmonary vein isolation via ablation — the same fundamental procedure as endocardial pulmonary vein ablation — and the AF means code (percutaneous transluminal) corresponds to the endovascular/endocardial approach used in this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast and \"isolation\" is a broader functional descriptor than the specific ablation modality named in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "1344707008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided endovascular repair of aneurysm of iliac artery using stent graft with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac artery is a subdivision of the abdominal or pelvic artery group, and stent graft placement for aneurysm repair fits within percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries, does not specify aneurysm repair as the indication, and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance or contrast use explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "703093003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided esophageal stent procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A stent is a device inserted into the oesophagus, making KBA.DL.AC the best available match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers any device insertion (not specifically a stent), and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance approach." }] }, { "code" : "703067005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided feeding tube procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fluoroscopy-guided feeding tube placement most commonly involves gastric positioning, and KBF.DL.AC (insertion of device into stomach) is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify a tube/feeding device, does not capture fluoroscopic guidance, and feeding tubes may also terminate in the duodenum or jejunum rather than the stomach." }] }, { "code" : "710207006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided incision of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.FA.AA", "display" : "Cystotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.FA.AA (cystotomy = incision of urinary bladder) correctly identifies the target organ and the incision action, but the ICHI code does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept, making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "719604002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of bioabsorbable arterial stent with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into an unspecified artery, which aligns with inserting an arterial stent, but ICHI does not distinguish the bioabsorbable material, the stent device type, or the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "710132004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of catheter into artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A catheter is a device inserted percutaneously via transluminal access into an artery, fitting IZA.DL.AF, but ICHI does not capture the catheter device type specifically nor the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance method; the code applies to any artery NEC rather than a specific vessel." }] }, { "code" : "1331906009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of peritoneal drain into peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JB.AE accurately captures percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which corresponds to inserting a peritoneal drain, but the ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance used in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "440448005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of stent graft into iliac artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion (which includes stent grafts) into lower limb arteries, which encompasses the iliac artery; however, ICHI groups all lower limb arteries together rather than specifying the iliac artery, and does not distinguish a stent graft from other devices or encode the fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "432117001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of temporary superior vena cava filter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of filter in superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIB.DL.AA directly captures the target (superior vena cava), action (insertion), and object (filter), making it the best available match. However, the ICHI code does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast or the temporary nature of the filter, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431781000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided insertion of tunneled dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically addresses dialysis catheter or tunneled catheter insertion; the closest match is the NEC percutaneous transluminal device-into-vein code, which captures the access route (percutaneous/transluminal) and general action but lacks specificity for the tunneled technique, dialysis purpose, and fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1148824000", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided intradiscal biacuplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Biacuplasty is a bipolar radiofrequency thermal ablation technique applied within the intervertebral disc; MBV.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the destructive/ablative action on the disc at an unspecified spinal level, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific biacuplasty technique, fluoroscopic guidance, or spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "710797004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided intramedullary nailing of fracture of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ICHI code for intramedullary nailing exists as an assignable category code; MRB.DN.AE captures percutaneous implantation of a device into bone at an unspecified site, which aligns with the core action, but does not encode the fracture indication, the intramedullary route specifically, or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "431747006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided intravascular ultrasound Doppler imaging of coronary artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.BA.AF", "display" : "Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels and is the only ICHI code at the coronary artery intravascular imaging level; it does not distinguish the ultrasound/Doppler modality, fluoroscopy guidance, or use of contrast that the SNOMED concept specifies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702574004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided intravenous cannulation with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravenous cannulation equates to percutaneous insertion of a device (cannula) into a vein, and the AF means axis (percutaneous transluminal) aligns with fluoroscopy-guided access; however, ICHI does not encode the contrast medium detail and the NEC residual qualifier makes this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716317007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided measurement of intravascular pressure with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.AB.AF captures intravascular pressure measurement of a blood vessel when no more specific vessel code applies, matching the core action and target of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance, contrast medium use, or vessel specificity, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "432047002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided measurement of pressure of hepatic vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has named intravascular pressure measurement codes for specific vessels (SVC, IVC, coronary, carotid, aorta) but none for the hepatic vein specifically; IZE.AB.AF is the NEC residual for intravascular pressure measurement and covers the correct action and means, but is broader because it is not specific to the hepatic vein and does not capture the fluoroscopic contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "736651009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion by dorsal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has arthrodesis codes for many named joints (hip, knee, shoulder, ankle, wrist, finger, foot) but no specific code for the sacroiliac joint; MRJ.LE.AA is the NEC residual arthrodesis code and is broader because it does not specify the sacroiliac joint, the dorsal approach, or the fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "736674008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion by lateral transarticular approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific sacroiliac joint arthrodesis code exists in ICHI; MRJ.LE.AA (arthrodesis NEC) is the best available match but does not capture the sacroiliac target, lateral transarticular approach, or fluoroscopic guidance — the lateral vs dorsal approach distinction present in SNOMED has no ICHI equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "431410007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided nephrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.LI.AE captures the percutaneous route and the nephrostomy procedure itself, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopy guidance component (the specific imaging modality used for guidance), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "912321000000101", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided optical coherence tomography of coronary artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.BA.AF", "display" : "Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels and is the best available ICHI match for intracoronary OCT; it does not specify the imaging modality (OCT vs. IVUS) or the use of contrast or fluoroscopy guidance, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1356889009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous ablation of neoplasm of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.GA.AA represents destruction of bone tissue at an unspecified site, which is the closest available ICHI concept for percutaneous ablation of a bone neoplasm; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify percutaneous approach, fluoroscopy guidance, or that the target is a neoplasm rather than other bone tissue." }] }, { "code" : "439536004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous angiography of cerebral artery and insertion of drug eluting stent with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code captures the dominant therapeutic action — percutaneous transluminal stent insertion into an intracranial (cerebral) artery via an endovascular approach — which aligns with the stent deployment component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the drug-eluting nature of the stent, the fluoroscopy/contrast guidance, or the angiography component." }] }, { "code" : "1359737007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes aspiration thrombectomy — mechanical endovascular removal of thrombus from an unspecified artery — which corresponds to endovascular extraction of obstruction from an artery. The NEC residual code is required because no body-system-specific thrombectomy code for a generic artery exists in ICHI, and the code does not capture the aspiration technique or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "439056009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous balloon assisted coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Coil embolization of a cerebral aneurysm is an endovascular embolization procedure targeting the intracranial artery, and IAA.LA.AF covers this action and target precisely. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the balloon-remodeling technique, coil-specific means, aneurysm as the specific pathological target, or the fluoroscopy/contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "609148003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of gastric vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gastric vein is an abdominal vein, and the procedure is endovascular embolization, so IED.LA.AF is the correct ICHI code for this action-target combination. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all abdominal or pelvic veins rather than specifically the gastric vein, and the fluoroscopic guidance and contrast use are not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "432701001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of hepatic artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.LA.AF covers the correct action (embolisation/occlusion) and target class, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the hepatic artery and the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means." }] }, { "code" : "1357782001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous embolization of lymphatic vessel with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous occlusion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.LA.AF matches target (lymphatic vessel), approach (percutaneous), and action (occlusion), but does not capture the fluoroscopy-with-contrast means specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "723818004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous endopyelotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Pyelotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endopyelotomy (incision of the ureteropelvic junction) is a form of pyelotomy; NAB.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not capture the endoscopic/percutaneous approach or fluoroscopy guidance." }] }, { "code" : "609158004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous insertion of stent graft into vertebral artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vertebral artery is an artery of the head and neck; IBA.LH.AF matches the percutaneous approach and device insertion but ICHI has no vertebral-artery-specific code and does not distinguish stent graft from other devices." }] }, { "code" : "439723001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous measurement of cerebral venous sinus pressure with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific intravascular pressure measurement codes for many vessels but none for the cerebral venous sinuses; IZE.AB.AF correctly captures the measurement action and intravascular approach but is broader in target specificity." }] }, { "code" : "432946009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of artery of lower limb with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IFA (lower limb artery) block contains only an open endarterectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures the endovascular extraction of obstruction action and approach but omits lower-limb anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "431753006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of mesenteric artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery; IEA.JE.AF captures the endovascular approach and obstruction extraction action but does not distinguish mesenteric artery as a separate target." }] }, { "code" : "433112001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of portal vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.JE.AA matches the target (portal vein) and the action (extraction of obstruction); the code is slightly broader because it does not specify the percutaneous/fluoroscopy-guided means." }] }, { "code" : "869261000000104", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of renal artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The renal artery is an abdominal artery and IEA.JE.AF captures the endovascular extraction action and approach; ICHI does not provide a renal-artery-specific variant, so the code is broader in anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1362120008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous radiofrequency decompression of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of an unspecified intervertebral disc, which captures the procedural concept but does not capture the radiofrequency modality and is at the NEC level rather than specifying a spinal region." }] }, { "code" : "1343418001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous replacement of catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core procedural act — percutaneous replacement of a device — in its NEC category; this code is broader because it does not specify catheter type, body site, or use of contrast/fluoroscopy guidance." }] }, { "code" : "911601000000106", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous thrombolysis of hepatic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery and there is no hepatic-artery-specific thrombolysis code in ICHI; IEA.DB.AF is the best available match but is wider as it covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries." }] }, { "code" : "1331935001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transcatheter embolization of intracranial blood vessel with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF directly encodes endovascular embolisation/occlusion of the intracranial artery; it is slightly wider because it does not distinguish the transcatheter/fluoroscopic approach with contrast and is artery-specific while SNOMED says \"blood vessel\"." }] }, { "code" : "426093007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of femoral artery with stent using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF captures percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation with stent insertion in a lower limb artery; ICHI is broader because it covers any lower limb artery (not femoral specifically) and does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "431433008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of inferior mesenteric artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LG.AF matches percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an abdominal artery; ICHI is broader because it covers any abdominal/pelvic artery rather than the inferior mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233272002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superior mesenteric artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LG.AF matches percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an abdominal artery; ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish the superior mesenteric artery from other abdominal/pelvic arteries." }] }, { "code" : "5431005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LG.AF represents the generic percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation not classified to a specific artery; ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "276897008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of arteriovenous fistula with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of an arteriovenous fistula; IZA.SN.AF covers management of an AV shunt but is broader in action — it encompasses all management activities, not specifically balloon angioplasty." }] }, { "code" : "700495001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon occlusion of internal carotid artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.LA.AF covers endovascular occlusion of the extracranial carotid artery (which includes the internal carotid segment); the code groups both embolisation and occlusion together and does not distinguish the balloon technique." }] }, { "code" : "1334045003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of left internal carotid artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.AC.AF is a close semantic match — it specifically encodes carotid artery balloon test occlusion via percutaneous/endovascular approach; the code is wider because it does not encode left-sided laterality or fluoroscopy-with-contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1334046002", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon test occlusion of right internal carotid artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.AC.AF", "display" : "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.AC.AF captures balloon test occlusion of the carotid artery precisely; wider because it does not encode right-sided laterality or fluoroscopy-with-contrast means." }] }, { "code" : "709983004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided pleurodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Pleurodesis using percutaneous administration of agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.GA.AE captures pleurodesis via percutaneous route, aligning with fluoroscopy-guided pleurodesis, but the means axis denotes percutaneous approach generally rather than fluoroscopy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "709980001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided procedure on fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMC", "display" : "Interventions on fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any fluoroscopy-guided fallopian tube procedure; no single ICHI category code represents this class as a whole. BlockL5-NMC covers all interventions on the fallopian tube and is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "431702005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of cardiac pacemaker lead with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AF represents percutaneous transluminal removal of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, matching the target, action, and approach; however, it refers to removal of the entire system rather than specifically a lead." }] }, { "code" : "432648008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of intravascular foreign body with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.JD.AF captures removal of an intravascular foreign body via transluminal approach; the ICHI code does not specify fluoroscopy guidance with contrast nor restrict to a particular vessel." }] }, { "code" : "1331902006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of peritoneal drain from peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JD.AE correctly maps the target (peritoneal cavity), action (removal), and percutaneous means; however, the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopy guidance with contrast nor the specific device type (peritoneal drain)." }] }, { "code" : "432074001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of pulmonary artery catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for removal of a device specifically from the pulmonary artery; IZE.JD.AF (blood vessel NEC, transluminal approach) is the best available match but omits vessel specificity, catheter device type, and fluoroscopy guidance." }] }, { "code" : "726547009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of transhepatic central venous catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transhepatic central venous catheters route through the liver into the hepatic vein and IVC, making HIC.JD.AF the most appropriate ICHI code; it is wider because it does not capture the transhepatic approach, catheter type, or fluoroscopy guidance." }] }, { "code" : "431678001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of tunneled central venous catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tunneled CVCs typically terminate at the SVC–right atrial junction, making HIB.JD.AF the best anatomical fit; it is wider because it does not distinguish the tunneled catheter type or capture fluoroscopy guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "718306003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided removal of tunneled drain from thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JD.AE", "display" : "Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity via percutaneous approach; the ICHI code does not encode fluoroscopic guidance nor specify \"tunneled\" drain as a subtype." }] }, { "code" : "703104003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided renal artery stent procedure with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LH.AF is the best available ICHI code for a renal artery stent procedure — the renal artery is an abdominal artery and \"insertion of device\" maps to stenting; the code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the renal artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "432632007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided repair of heart valve with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has valve-specific repair codes but the SNOMED concept does not specify which valve; HZZ.MK.AA (repair of heart, NEC) is the most appropriate non-valve-specific match." }] }, { "code" : "448841009", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided replacement of cardiac biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AF captures percutaneous transluminal replacement of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, covering ICD replacement; it is wider because it does not specify the biventricular (CRT) subtype, and fluoroscopic guidance is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "431185003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided replacement of central venous catheter with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.SN.AF covers maintenance of intravenous access generally, encompassing catheter replacement; however, it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, contrast use, or that the target is a central venous catheter." }] }, { "code" : "1255968007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump and intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.KA.AE captures percutaneous replacement of a device within the spinal canal (intrathecal space); however, it does not distinguish the device type (pump vs catheter) nor encode fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1255969004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided replacement of pump segment of intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of a spinal canal device and is the closest available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is more specific (only the pump segment of the catheter) and ICHI does not have a code at that granularity." }] }, { "code" : "713592008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided retrograde cutting balloon endopyelotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Pyelotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.FA.AA (pyelotomy) is the closest ICHI code for endopyelotomy; the SNOMED concept adds considerable specificity (retrograde approach, cutting balloon technique, fluoroscopic guidance) which is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "431417005", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided sampling of blood from portal vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA captures blood specimen collection in general; the SNOMED concept specifies sampling from the portal vein using fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous approach with contrast, detail that is absent from the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "432786008", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided sampling of blood of vein with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection generally but does not encode the venous site specificity, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "703099004", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided tracheal stent procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the trachea via percutaneous approach, including fluoroscopy-guided tracheal stenting; it is broader as it encompasses any tracheal device and does not specifically encode stent placement." }] }, { "code" : "710285001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided transarterial chemoembolization with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TACE is performed via the hepatic artery (an abdominal artery), making IEA.LA.AF the closest anatomical match; the ICHI code does not encode the chemotherapy component, fluoroscopic guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "703100007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided ureteric stent procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes ureteric stent placement as percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion, which is the approach that typically uses fluoroscopy guidance; however, the ICHI code does not specifically name stent as the device type, nor does it explicitly encode the fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "710294007", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided urodynamic study", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated urodynamic study code; NT2.AC.ZZ captures the functional testing nature of urodynamics but is a broad NEC residual that does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, multichannel pressure/flow measurement, or the specific urodynamic methodology." }] }, { "code" : "703106001", "display" : "Fluoroscopy guided vascular stent procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LH.AF is the arterial NEC residual covering unspecified artery stenting, but it does not distinguish stent from other devices, does not cover venous stenting, and does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "420005003", "display" : "Fluoroscopy of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of trachea, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only a single plain X-ray NEC code for the trachea and no fluoroscopy-specific or contrast imaging code, so JBA.BA.BA is the closest available match but is broader as it does not distinguish dynamic fluoroscopic imaging from static plain radiography." }] }, { "code" : "1344611006", "display" : "Fluoroscopy of tracheobronchial tree with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.BA.BB", "display" : "Other contrast bronchogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.BA.BB covers contrast imaging of the bronchus, the closest ICHI match for a contrast fluoroscopy of the tracheobronchial tree; it is slightly broader as a NEC residual and does not explicitly capture the tracheal component." }] }, { "code" : "252196000", "display" : "Fluoxymesterone suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fluoxymesterone suppression is a pharmacological challenge test of endocrine function; ICHI has no specific hormone suppression test code, so the best available match is the general assessment of endocrine gland functions, which is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "395138001", "display" : "Flush ligation of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery; IEA.LA.AA covers open occlusion (which includes surgical ligation) of any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it the best structural match but not specifying the IMA or the flush technique." }] }, { "code" : "238317004", "display" : "Flushing of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for flushing a CAPD catheter; KMA.JA.AA is the closest structural match, capturing the lavage/clearance action in the peritoneal space but not distinguishing catheter maintenance from therapeutic irrigation." }] }, { "code" : "398874009", "display" : "Focal photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Focal photocoagulation is laser-based destruction of discrete chorioretinal lesions; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any destructive method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically laser photocoagulation applied to a focal area." }] }, { "code" : "229163000", "display" : "Foot arch exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Foot arch exercises target the joints and intrinsic muscles of the plantar arch, while MTB.PG.ZZ covers exercise for joint mobility functions without body-part specificity; no foot-specific exercise code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "385954004", "display" : "Foot care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no foot-specific assessment code; MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest musculoskeletal assessment category but covers the entire musculoskeletal system rather than the foot specifically." }] }, { "code" : "119694001", "display" : "Foot repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MOB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Foot repair\" is unspecified as to tissue type; specific repair codes exist for tendon, ligament, bone, and joint of the foot, so the nearest organisational block covering all foot musculoskeletal repair interventions is used as the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "713833008", "display" : "Foot vibration sensation test using tuning fork", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The AVE block covers sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli, including vibratory sensation testing; the ICHI code does not specify the instrument (tuning fork) or body site (foot)." }] }, { "code" : "713832003", "display" : "Foot vibration sensation test using vibrometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AVE.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for a vibration sensation test, covering the sensory domain but not specifying the instrument (vibrometer) or body site (foot)." }] }, { "code" : "1366654006", "display" : "Foraminotomy of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.FC.AA is the closest ICHI code for foraminotomy but does not specify the cervical level — it applies to any spinal level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1366098005", "display" : "Foraminotomy of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.FC.AA aligns closely with foraminotomy of the lumbar spine but is wider because it covers nerve root release at any spinal level, not specifically lumbar, and does not encode the bony enlargement aspect." }] }, { "code" : "302383004", "display" : "Forceps delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Forceps delivery is an instrumental assisted vaginal delivery; \"Vaginal delivery\" is the closest assignable code but is broader, encompassing all vaginal births regardless of instrumentation." }] }, { "code" : "71166009", "display" : "Forceps delivery with rotation of fetal head", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept adds fetal head rotation to forceps delivery; ICHI has no combined code for instrumental delivery with rotation, so NME.JF.AC is the best single assignable code, missing both the instrumentation and rotation elements." }] }, { "code" : "171071003", "display" : "Foreign travel education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Foreign travel education is a specific educational intervention preparing patients for health risks abroad; VFZ is the best available target since ICHI has no dedicated travel health axis, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "71604005", "display" : "Forensic autopsy, coroner's call", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.AE.AA is the only autopsy code in ICHI and covers the procedure generically; the SNOMED concept is specifically a forensic/medicolegal autopsy ordered by a coroner, a sub-type that ICHI does not distinguish." }] }, { "code" : "405792009", "display" : "Formal psychological therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Formal psychological therapy\" is a structured clinician-delivered psychotherapeutic intervention not tied to a specific body function or behaviour target; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest non-target-specific psychotherapy code but is a residual NEC category." }] }, { "code" : "18972001", "display" : "Formation of artificial anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LI.AA", "display" : "Colostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The most common surgical creation of an artificial anus is a colostomy; the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (could include colostomy or ileostomy), but colostomy is the canonical procedure and the best single available code." }] }, { "code" : "244608001", "display" : "Formation of pericardial baffle, interatrial", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.LI.AA", "display" : "Atrial baffle procedure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAZ.LI.AA captures the same surgical concept of creating an intra-atrial baffle (as in Mustard/Senning-type repairs) but does not specify the use of pericardium as the baffle material, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "7221002", "display" : "Formation of tubed pedicle graft, head and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafting to the head or neck and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not distinguish the pedicle/tubed technique from other graft types." }] }, { "code" : "65297006", "display" : "Fowler tenodesis of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGT.ML.AA covers tendon reconstruction of the hand or finger, encompassing the Fowler tenodesis, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the tenodesis technique or the eponymous Fowler procedure." }] }, { "code" : "385690008", "display" : "Fracture care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of bone at any unspecified site, broader than fracture-specific assessment; ICHI does not distinguish assessment type (fracture vs. other bone pathology) within this category." }] }, { "code" : "134427001", "display" : "Frail elderly assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ represents a general health assessment of the whole person but does not encode the specific focus on frailty or the elderly population; ICHI lacks any dedicated frailty or geriatric-specific assessment code." }] }, { "code" : "34489002", "display" : "Free graft to conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.MK.AA is the best available match in the conjunctiva block, as ICHI has no dedicated code for free grafting to the conjunctiva; the repair code is broader, encompassing various conjunctival repair techniques beyond free grafting." }] }, { "code" : "237012001", "display" : "Freeing the posterior arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Freeing the posterior arm\" is a specific obstetric maneuver used during shoulder dystocia to dislodge the impacted posterior shoulder and arm, which is a sub-step within the broader process of vaginal delivery. No ICHI code exists for this specific intrapartum maneuver; NME.JF.AC is the closest procedural context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171826007", "display" : "Freeze dried muscle graft to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a category, but the SNOMED concept specifies the graft material (freeze-dried muscle) which is a more granular detail not captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "284037002", "display" : "Fresh gas oxygen concentration monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fresh gas oxygen (FiO2) monitoring is a specific anaesthesia/airway monitoring activity that falls within respiratory function monitoring; JTB.AI.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but substantially broader, covering all monitoring of respiration function." }] }, { "code" : "22619006", "display" : "Frommel operation on uterine ligaments", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Frommel operation is a specific technique involving shortening/plication of the round ligaments to achieve uterine suspension, whereas NME.LC.AA covers uterine suspension broadly without specifying ligament or technique." }] }, { "code" : "178411007", "display" : "Frontofacial advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Frontofacial advancement (monobloc / Le Fort III type osteotomy advancing forehead and midface as a unit) involves reconstruction of multiple facial bones; ICHI has no specific code, and MAB.ML.AA is the closest available code covering reconstruction of unspecified facial bone." }] }, { "code" : "236894009", "display" : "Frozen embryo transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures broadly (including embryo transfer into the uterus) but does not distinguish between fresh and frozen embryo transfers, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1141683000", "display" : "Fructose modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food/diet at the environmental-product level and is the closest ICHI concept, but is substantially broader than a fructose-specific dietary restriction." }] }, { "code" : "27381004", "display" : "Fulguration of adenoid fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAB.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to fulguration of the adenoid fossa; the closest representable concept is destruction of adenoid lesion/tissue, broader because it does not specify electrosurgical means or the fossa subsite." }] }, { "code" : "361174006", "display" : "Fulguration of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AC captures destruction of anal lesion/tissue and is the best match for fulguration of anus; it is wider because the means axis does not specify electrosurgery/fulguration specifically." }] }, { "code" : "45031008", "display" : "Fulguration of choroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no choroid-only destruction code; BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesion (both choroid and retina together), broader than fulguration of the choroid alone." }] }, { "code" : "24442008", "display" : "Fulguration of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.GA.AA captures destruction of an oesophageal lesion without specifying means, broader than fulguration which specifies electrosurgical destruction." }] }, { "code" : "10590008", "display" : "Fulguration of lesion of large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.GA.AA maps to the colon (the principal large intestine segment) and captures destruction of a lesion without specifying the electrosurgical means; the KBZ (large intestine NEC) block had no destruction code, making the colon code the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "58365005", "display" : "Fulguration of lesion of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.GA.AA precisely matches destruction of a small intestine lesion but does not specify electrosurgical (fulguration) means, making it broader in technique." }] }, { "code" : "64971001", "display" : "Fulguration of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA matches the retinal target precisely but does not specify electrosurgical (fulguration) means, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "75603009", "display" : "Fulguration of scrotum", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fulguration is electrosurgical destruction, encompassed by NGG.GA.AH; ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities (cryotherapy, laser, electrosurgery), not exclusively fulguration." }] }, { "code" : "406009", "display" : "Fulguration of stomach lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic destruction of a stomach lesion captures the clinical intent precisely (gastric fulguration is performed endoscopically); ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities, not solely fulguration." }] }, { "code" : "86809007", "display" : "Fulguration of tonsillar fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of tonsils", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fulguration of the tonsillar fossa (post-tonsillectomy bed or residual tonsillar tissue) maps to destruction of tonsils, the only tonsil destruction category available; ICHI is wider, covering the full tonsil rather than the fossa subsite and any destructive method." }] }, { "code" : "79843009", "display" : "Fulguration of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic destruction of a urethral lesion accurately captures fulguration of the urethra; ICHI is wider as it covers any endoscopic destructive modality, not solely electrosurgical fulguration." }] }, { "code" : "84741009", "display" : "Fulguration of urethral caruncle", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any lesion or tissue of the urethra by any method; the SNOMED concept is more specific (fulguration of a caruncle, a benign meatal lesion). The ICHI code subsumes the SNOMED concept but does not capture the lesion type or modality." }] }, { "code" : "33757002", "display" : "Fulguration of urethral polyps", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.GA.AA covers destruction of any urethral lesion by any approach or modality; the SNOMED concept is a subset specifying fulguration of a urethral polyp specifically." }] }, { "code" : "62220006", "display" : "Fulguration of urinary bladder by suprapubic approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AA is the open destruction code for bladder lesion, aligning with the suprapubic open approach; however, it does not specify suprapubic approach or fulguration as the modality." }] }, { "code" : "34082001", "display" : "Fulguration of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva by any method; the SNOMED concept specifies fulguration (electrosurgical destruction). The ICHI code captures the same anatomical target but is broader in not specifying the modality." }] }, { "code" : "783282005", "display" : "Full thickness autograft of skin to skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the entire head or neck region, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the head; full-thickness/autograft specificity is not captured in the base ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "783284006", "display" : "Full thickness autograft of skin to skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA encompasses skin grafts to both head and neck without distinguishing them, broader than the neck-specific SNOMED concept; the full-thickness autograft detail is not captured in the base ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "783539008", "display" : "Full thickness graft of skin to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.ML.AA is a generic skin graft residual code with no site specification, aligning with the generic SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode full-thickness graft type in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "699576001", "display" : "Full thickness graft of skin to skin of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the entire upper limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the hand; no hand-specific code exists, and full-thickness autograft detail is not encoded in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "27492002", "display" : "Full thickness graft of skin to skin of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafts to the head or neck region, broader than the lip-specific SNOMED concept; ICHI does not encode graft thickness in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "15516003", "display" : "Full thickness skin transplantation with tube and pedicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG9JE8", "display" : "Pedicle flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG9JE8 is an extension/qualifier code for a pedicle flap technique and captures the defining feature of the SNOMED concept (the tubed pedicle flap approach), but does not specify full-thickness skin or a tube configuration." }] }, { "code" : "105385000", "display" : "Full-time nursing care at home by private nurse", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCH.RG.ZZ encodes provision of personal care support services, the closest ICHI match to home nursing care delivered by a private nurse; broader as it covers personal care provider support generally without specifying home setting, full-time intensity, or nursing role." }] }, { "code" : "1220582003", "display" : "Functional endoscopic sinus surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JJ.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic paranasal sinusectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "FESS is an endoscopic surgical procedure targeting paranasal sinuses; JAE.JJ.AD captures both the endoscopic approach and surgery of paranasal sinuses but maps to the NEC residual block rather than encoding the multi-sinus, function-restoring nature of FESS specifically." }] }, { "code" : "183385001", "display" : "Functional psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Functional psychotherapy\" is a specific psychotherapy modality, but ICHI does not distinguish modalities within psychotherapy; AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy targeting mental functions broadly." }] }, { "code" : "250197002", "display" : "Fungal killing test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fungal killing test (fungicidal activity assay) is a specific type of antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation applied to fungi; XG50T0 covers antimicrobial susceptibility testing broadly across all microorganisms." }] }, { "code" : "104244001", "display" : "Fungal subtyping", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fungal subtyping refers to strain-level characterisation below species level (molecular typing, MLST), more specific than XG6201's genus/species identification; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "448432008", "display" : "Fusion of atlantooccipital joint with internal fixation by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated atlantooccipital (C0–C1 / craniocervical junction) fusion code; MBA.LE.AA covers the entire cervical column and is therefore broader than this C0–C1 joint fusion with internal fixation by posterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "449378007", "display" : "Fusion of cervicothoracic region of spine with internal fixation by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated cervicothoracic (C7–T1) interventions block; MBZ.LE.AA (spinal fusion NEC) is the most appropriate code as the cervicothoracic region straddles cervical and thoracic blocks." }] }, { "code" : "448024006", "display" : "Fusion of joint of cervical spine with internal fixation by anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LE.AA covers fusion of the cervical spine as a whole and does not differentiate anterior from posterior approach or the presence of internal fixation; the SNOMED concept is more specific (ACDF-style anterior approach with instrumentation)." }] }, { "code" : "448515007", "display" : "Fusion of joint of cervical spine with internal fixation by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.LE.AA represents cervical spine fusion without distinguishing surgical approach or internal fixation; both anterior and posterior cervical fusion map to the same ICHI code with approach detail only recoverable via extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "449448002", "display" : "Fusion of joint of lumbar spine with internal fixation by anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine but ICHI does not encode internal fixation hardware or anterior surgical approach; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "448240004", "display" : "Fusion of joint of lumbar spine with internal fixation by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.LE.AA captures lumbar fusion correctly but cannot encode the posterior surgical approach or internal fixation instrumentation, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449447007", "display" : "Fusion of joint of thoracic spine with internal fixation by anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.LE.AA maps to thoracic vertebral column fusion, but ICHI does not encode the anterior approach or internal fixation hardware." }] }, { "code" : "447900003", "display" : "Fusion of joint of thoracic spine with internal fixation by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.LE.AA is the best available ICHI code for thoracic spinal fusion but does not capture the posterior approach or internal fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "68816005", "display" : "Fusion of joint with bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LE.AA is the closest generic joint fusion/arthrodesis code in ICHI; it does not encode the bone graft technique (separate ML action axis) and could apply to non-graft fusion." }] }, { "code" : "410389004", "display" : "Gait training surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MVG.PH.ZZ covers training of gait pattern but does not capture the \"surveillance\" (monitoring/oversight) aspect of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "435661000124108", "display" : "Galactose modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no galactose-specific dietary code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures food modification broadly but is considerably broader than a galactose-restricted diet." }] }, { "code" : "119933008", "display" : "Gallbladder manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCF", "display" : "Interventions on gallbladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific manipulation code for the gallbladder; the parent block \"Interventions on gallbladder\" is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "229215009", "display" : "Games for therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXC.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in recreation and leisure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Games for therapy\" is a rehabilitation technique using game-play; SXC.PH.ZZ is the closest available code but covers all recreation/leisure rather than games specifically." }] }, { "code" : "55400002", "display" : "Ganglionectomy of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.JK.AA covers excision of the peripheral nerve as a whole, while the SNOMED concept is specifically excision of a ganglion (a discrete node)." }] }, { "code" : "46444003", "display" : "Gas endarterectomy of lower limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA matches the target and action precisely, but the means axis (open approach) does not encode the specific gas technique." }] }, { "code" : "87308003", "display" : "Gas endarterectomy of upper limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.JE.AA matches target and action precisely but the means axis does not capture the gas technique." }] }, { "code" : "77770002", "display" : "Gasserian ganglionectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated excision-of-ganglion code; AAN.GA.AA covers permanent ablation of cranial nerve/ganglion tissue and is wider than surgical excision specifically." }] }, { "code" : "13728005", "display" : "Gastric analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No gastric-specific analysis code exists in ICHI; KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly." }] }, { "code" : "408877000", "display" : "Gastric care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTE.AA.ZZ is the most specific ICHI assessment code for digestive function but covers the entire digestive system rather than gastric care specifically." }] }, { "code" : "167191003", "display" : "Gastric function tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the entire digestive system; no stomach-specific functional test code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "252226000", "display" : "Gastrin stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a gastrin/secretin stimulation test specifically; KT2.AC.ZZ is far broader than this provocative biochemical test." }] }, { "code" : "387865007", "display" : "Gastrocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastrocentesis is percutaneous needle aspiration; KBF.JB.AC covers drainage of the stomach without specifying the percutaneous puncture approach." }] }, { "code" : "274026006", "display" : "Gastrointestinal anastomosis procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any GI anastomosis; KZZ.LB.AA is the broadest intestinal anastomosis NEC available but does not include gastric anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "280478004", "display" : "Gastrointestinal and digestive anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers anastomosis across the entire GI/digestive tract; KZZ.LB.AA is the closest catch-all but is scoped to intestine NEC only." }] }, { "code" : "268367003", "display" : "Gastrointestinal breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for breath testing; KT2.AC.ZZ encompasses all digestive function tests rather than the specific breath test modality." }] }, { "code" : "302777000", "display" : "Gastrointestinal investigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of function of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A high-level grouping concept; KT2.AA.ZZ is the broadest available digestive function assessment code but does not encompass structural/imaging investigations." }] }, { "code" : "118150001", "display" : "Gastrointestinal tract excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes GI excisions at individual organ level; the organisational block is wider, covering all intervention types on the GI tract rather than excision alone." }] }, { "code" : "431202009", "display" : "Gastrojejunostomy conversion from gastrostomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LB.AA is the closest stomach anastomosis code; it does not specify the jejunum, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the conversion-from-gastrostomy context." }] }, { "code" : "433024005", "display" : "Gastrojejunostomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.LB.AA is the most specific stomach anastomosis code; it does not specify the jejunum as the distal segment or the fluoroscopic guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "387869001", "display" : "Gastromyotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Gastrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastromyotomy is an incision into the muscular layer of the stomach; KBF.FA.AA is a general stomach incision and does not capture the muscular layer specificity." }] }, { "code" : "183216008", "display" : "Gastrostomy bag fitting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of gastrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for fitting a gastrostomy bag; PTA.SN.AC covers gastrostomy management broadly." }] }, { "code" : "736157007", "display" : "Gastrostomy tube insertion education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Gastrostomy education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Gastrostomy education\" covers all education on gastrostomy broadly; the SNOMED concept is specifically education about tube insertion technique." }] }, { "code" : "385807002", "display" : "Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Gastrostomy assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTA.AA.ZZ matches the gastrostomy component but ICHI has no nasogastric tube assessment code; the dual-scope SNOMED concept is only partially covered." }] }, { "code" : "385808007", "display" : "Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Gastrostomy education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTA.PM.ZZ covers gastrostomy education but ICHI has no equivalent for nasogastric tube education, missing that component entirely." }] }, { "code" : "385809004", "display" : "Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of gastrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTA.SN.AC covers gastrostomy management but does not extend to nasogastric tube care; only the gastrostomy half of the compound SNOMED concept is captured." }] }, { "code" : "385811008", "display" : "Gastrostomy/nasogastric tube insertion education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Gastrostomy education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTA.PM.ZZ covers gastrostomy education but ICHI has no equivalent for nasogastric tube insertion education, so only one half of the SNOMED concept is captured." }] }, { "code" : "173778009", "display" : "Gastrotomy and ligation of bleeding point of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Gastrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.FA.AA covers the open gastrotomy access but does not capture the ligation of a bleeding point; no ICHI code combines open gastrotomy with gastric haemostasis." }] }, { "code" : "66615003", "display" : "General day care of child", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no paediatric day care code; the unspecified whole-person health management encounter is far broader, covering any patient and any encounter type." }] }, { "code" : "33758007", "display" : "General night care of child", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nocturnal paediatric care concept; the unspecified whole-person encounter is much broader, covering any health encounter for any patient." }] }, { "code" : "1290178004", "display" : "General practitioner led antenatal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures monitoring of pregnancy-related functions but not the GP-led care-provider specificity or the multidimensional scope (assessment, education, counselling) of antenatal care." }] }, { "code" : "169622009", "display" : "General practitioner unit delivery booking", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Birth planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Birth planning\" is the closest concept to delivery booking but covers all birth planning activity rather than the administrative act of booking a GP-led delivery unit." }] }, { "code" : "183381005", "display" : "General psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ targets the whole person (non-organ-specific) but is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category rather than an explicit general-psychotherapy designation." }] }, { "code" : "232534004", "display" : "Geniotubercle advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated geniotubercle advancement code; MAG.FA.AA covers any mandibular osteotomy regardless of site or purpose, making it broader than the specific genial-tubercle procedure." }] }, { "code" : "363134007", "display" : "Genitourinary system incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the genitourinary system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single genitourinary incision code (incisions are organ-specific); NZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest genitourinary catch-all but covers all intervention types, not just incision." }] }, { "code" : "401196007", "display" : "Get up and go test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Timed Up and Go test assesses gait, balance, sit-to-stand, and turning; MVG.AC.ZZ captures the gait component but is broader as it covers any gait pattern testing." }] }, { "code" : "76066005", "display" : "Gilliam operation on uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Gilliam operation is a specific round-ligament uterine suspension technique; ICHI captures the uterine suspension procedure class but not the named Gilliam variant." }] }, { "code" : "113136009", "display" : "Gingival curettage, surgical, per quadrant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial excision of gingiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical gingival curettage aligns with partial gingival excision, but ICHI does not capture the per-quadrant granularity or the curettage-specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "85511002", "display" : "Give bedpan, remove and clean", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Providing, removing and cleaning a bedpan falls under practical toileting support, but the ICHI code is broader, covering all forms of physical assistance with toileting." }] }, { "code" : "18325007", "display" : "Give urinal, remove and clean", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The urinal nursing task fits within the toileting activity domain, but SMD.RA.ZZ is broader as it encompasses all toileting tasks rather than this specific urinal-provision sub-task." }] }, { "code" : "225070006", "display" : "Giving antiseptic mouthwash", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An antiseptic mouthwash is a topical application of an antimicrobial agent, but PZA.DB.AH applies to any body surface and any pharmacotherapy with no specific oral antiseptic code." }] }, { "code" : "170946006", "display" : "Glaucoma monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Glaucoma monitoring is a structured surveillance programme (IOP, visual field, optic nerve) for a specific condition; BZZ.AA.AH covers eye assessment in general without disease-specific or monitoring connotation." }] }, { "code" : "71749001", "display" : "Glenoid bone block", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A glenoid bone block (e.g. Latarjet) is a shoulder-stabilising bone graft to the glenoid; MDB.ML.AA captures the shoulder bone graft but does not specify the glenoid target, stabilisation intent, or technique." }] }, { "code" : "52151009", "display" : "Glossectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial glossectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The unqualified SNOMED concept \"glossectomy\" covers partial, complete, and radical resection; KAB.JJ.AC is specifically partial glossectomy, the most common clinical default but narrower in scope." }] }, { "code" : "103774002", "display" : "Glucagon tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The glucagon tolerance test is a specific endocrine provocation test for pituitary-adrenal/GH reserve; ICHI has no endocrine stimulation test codes, so this general metabolic assessment is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "313194008", "display" : "Glucose load test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A glucose load test is a specific provocative pancreatic beta-cell function assessment; ICHI has no dedicated code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the closest but considerably wider." }] }, { "code" : "69125006", "display" : "Glucose measurement, CSF", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no analyte-specific CSF measurement code; ABG.AH.XE captures the CSF specimen-collection step but does not specify glucose as the analyte or the measurement purpose." }] }, { "code" : "359772000", "display" : "Glucose monitoring at home", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no home self-monitoring of blood glucose code; ETB.AA.ZZ covers metabolic assessment broadly but lacks the glucose, blood, and home/self-management specifics." }] }, { "code" : "113076002", "display" : "Glucose tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The oral glucose tolerance test is a specific endocrine/pancreatic function assessment; ICHI has no dedicated code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the closest available but much wider." }] }, { "code" : "1255228001", "display" : "Goat milk free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no allergen-exclusion diet code; UAB.DA.ZZ captures dietary modification broadly but is far wider than the specific goat-milk exclusion." }] }, { "code" : "58568008", "display" : "Goldthwaite operation for ankle stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ankle-specific joint stabilisation code (LC action exists for shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, patella, foot/toe but not ankle); MRJ.LC.AA is the only available stabilisation code, lacking the ankle target." }] }, { "code" : "252200005", "display" : "Gonadotrophin releasing hormone test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A GnRH stimulation test assesses pituitary-gonadal axis responsiveness; ICHI has no specific GnRH provocation code, so endocrine gland function assessment is the best available but much broader." }] }, { "code" : "1363279008", "display" : "Goniopuncture of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AC", "display" : "Goniopuncture without goniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.LI.AC exactly captures the goniopuncture procedure on the anterior chamber but does not encode laterality; left-eye specificity would require an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1363278000", "display" : "Goniopuncture of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AC", "display" : "Goniopuncture without goniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.LI.AC exactly captures the goniopuncture procedure on the anterior chamber but does not encode laterality; right-eye specificity would require an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "359577008", "display" : "Goniotomy with goniopuncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has BBE.LI.AC for goniopuncture alone, but no combined goniotomy+goniopuncture code; BBE.LI.AA is the parent category covering this combined intervention to facilitate aqueous outflow." }] }, { "code" : "235384004", "display" : "Gracilis sling operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gracilis sling uses gracilis muscle to suspend the bladder neck/urethra for stress incontinence; NAK.LC.AA captures the suspension target but ICHI does not encode the autologous muscle-sling technique." }] }, { "code" : "783283000", "display" : "Graft of skin to neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to the combined head-or-neck region, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies neck only." }] }, { "code" : "287645004", "display" : "Graft of skin to skin of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The breast skin sits anatomically within the trunk; ICHI has no breast-skin-specific graft code, so LAB.ML.AA (trunk skin graft) is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702372001", "display" : "Graft of skin to skin of forehead", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no forehead-specific skin graft code; LAA.ML.AA covers the entire head-or-neck region." }] }, { "code" : "783276007", "display" : "Graft of skin to skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA matches procedure type and main region but also includes the neck, making it slightly broader than the head-only SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "309424005", "display" : "Graft of skin to skin of nasolabial fold", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nasolabial fold lies on the face within the head/neck region; ICHI has no nasolabial-fold-specific code, so LAA.ML.AA is broader." }] }, { "code" : "30373005", "display" : "Grafting of bone of clavicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clavicle is part of the shoulder region; ICHI has no clavicle-specific bone graft code, so MDB.ML.AA encompasses scapula and other shoulder bones in addition to the clavicle." }] }, { "code" : "17725007", "display" : "Grafting of bone of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.ML.AA covers both radius and ulna together; ICHI has no radius-specific bone graft code, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35713003", "display" : "Grafting of bone of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes vertebral bone grafts by region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) with no single code covering the spine as a whole; the block grouping is the closest unified match." }] }, { "code" : "64208002", "display" : "Grafting of bone of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.ML.AA covers both radius and ulna; ICHI has no ulna-specific bone graft code." }] }, { "code" : "439018008", "display" : "Grafting of bone to iliac crest with microvascular anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.ML.AA covers all pelvic bone grafts and does not distinguish iliac crest specifically nor encode the microvascular anastomosis technique definitional to this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428440005", "display" : "Grafting of bone using autogenous muscle pedicle graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI bone graft codes do not differentiate by graft technique or autogenous source, so the unspecified-site code is the closest generic match; the muscle pedicle vascularisation technique is unrepresented." }] }, { "code" : "429324000", "display" : "Grafting of bone using autogenous vascularized pedicle graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the vascularised pedicle technique or autogenous origin; the unspecified-site bone graft code captures only the core action." }] }, { "code" : "429652002", "display" : "Grafting of bone using synthetic graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI bone graft codes do not distinguish graft material (synthetic vs biological), so the unspecified-site code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "426231000", "display" : "Grafting of cartilage to eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no eyelid cartilage graft code; BAA.ML.AA encompasses all reconstructive techniques of the eyelid including cartilage grafts." }] }, { "code" : "74096002", "display" : "Grafting of cerebral meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Meningeal grafting (duraplasty) is a form of repair; AAC.MK.AA covers all repair methods of cerebral meninges without specifying grafting as the means." }] }, { "code" : "72874005", "display" : "Grafting of ear cartilage to ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ear-cartilage-graft-specific code; auricular reconstruction with cartilage falls within CAC.ML.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify cartilage as the means." }] }, { "code" : "1363227007", "display" : "Grafting of fascia of rectus abdominis muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This captures fascia procurement for grafting, but the specific donor (rectus abdominis) is not encoded; ICHI lacks site-specific fascia procurement codes." }] }, { "code" : "1290279003", "display" : "Grafting of fascia to eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The eyelid block has no fascia-graft-specific code; BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstruction techniques including fascia grafting." }] }, { "code" : "1290280000", "display" : "Grafting of fascia to hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.ML.AA encompasses both ligament and fascia of hand or finger; the SNOMED concept specifies fascia only, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "52307007", "display" : "Grafting of fibula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.ML.AA groups tibia and fibula under a single code, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the fibula alone." }] }, { "code" : "1345177006", "display" : "Grafting of gracilis muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no gracilis-specific or lower-limb muscle graft code; MRM.ML.AA is the residual unspecified-site muscle reconstruction/graft code." }] }, { "code" : "1201778002", "display" : "Grafting of metacarpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.ML.AA covers all hand/finger bones rather than metacarpals specifically." }] }, { "code" : "129218007", "display" : "Grafting of metatarsal", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOB.ML.AA covers all bones of the foot/toe rather than metatarsals specifically." }] }, { "code" : "68538002", "display" : "Grafting of nasal septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Septoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Septoplasty is the closest ICHI code for reconstructive procedures on the nasal septum and can include grafting techniques, but it is broader and not graft-specific." }] }, { "code" : "439525006", "display" : "Grafting of nerve to arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting anywhere; ICHI has no arm-specific peripheral nerve graft code." }] }, { "code" : "438368004", "display" : "Grafting of nerve to hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.ML.AA captures peripheral nerve grafting without site specification; ICHI has no hand-specific peripheral nerve graft code." }] }, { "code" : "316232007", "display" : "Grafting of nipple", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nipple-specific graft or reconstruction code; LCA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the breast as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "35975006", "display" : "Grafting of nose tip", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nose-tip-specific grafting code; JAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the entire nose." }] }, { "code" : "250776009", "display" : "Grafting of palate for cleft palate repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cleft-palate-with-graft-specific code; KAT.ML.AA fits the primary site (hard palate) but does not encode the cleft palate indication or grafting technique." }] }, { "code" : "46565006", "display" : "Grafting of phalanges of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no phalanx-specific foot bone graft code; MOB.ML.AA covers all foot and toe bones." }] }, { "code" : "64321006", "display" : "Grafting of phalanges of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no phalanx-specific hand bone graft code; MGB.ML.AA covers all hand and finger bones." }] }, { "code" : "45467006", "display" : "Grafting of skin and dermal-fat for breast augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation mammoplasty, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.LK.AA covers breast augmentation broadly; the ICHI code does not encode the specific autologous skin-and-dermal-fat graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "427394003", "display" : "Grafting of skin and fat to eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA covers eyelid reconstruction broadly; the ICHI code does not specify the skin-and-fat graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "129217002", "display" : "Grafting of tarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal bones are bones of the foot; MOB.ML.AA covers all foot/toe bones, broader than tarsals specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1345176002", "display" : "Grafting of temporalis muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Myoplasty head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAM.ML.AA covers all head/neck muscle plastic operations including temporalis grafting, but is not temporalis-specific." }] }, { "code" : "63073008", "display" : "Grafting of temporalis muscle to orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA is the most site-specific ICHI code (orbit) but does not specify temporalis muscle as the grafted tissue or the technique used." }] }, { "code" : "52369007", "display" : "Grafting of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the tibia, but ICHI groups tibia together with fibula making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies tibia alone." }] }, { "code" : "1344717003", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to lower leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's assignable graft code covers the entire lower limb rather than the lower leg specifically, making it broader in anatomical scope. No lower-leg-specific tissue graft code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1354618008", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nasopharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ML (reconstruction/graft) action on the nasopharynx target closely corresponds to tissue grafting, but \"reconstruction\" is broader and can include techniques other than grafting." }] }, { "code" : "1344720006", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's integumentary graft code covers the entire upper limb rather than the shoulder specifically, and no shoulder-specific tissue graft category exists; the code is also wider in that it specifies skin rather than generic tissue." }] }, { "code" : "1335736001", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ML (reconstruction) action on the spinal cord target is the closest ICHI category for tissue grafting to the spinal cord, but \"reconstruction\" subsumes multiple surgical techniques beyond grafting." }] }, { "code" : "1344607000", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to thigh", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The thigh is anatomically part of the lower limb, and ICHI's assignable graft code covers the entire lower limb without a thigh-specific subcategory; ICHI also specifies skin while the SNOMED concept is non-specific as to tissue type." }] }, { "code" : "1344722003", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to upper arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.ML.AA covers the entire upper limb, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the upper arm; ICHI also specifies skin graft while SNOMED says \"tissue\" generically." }] }, { "code" : "1344721005", "display" : "Grafting of tissue to wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.ML.AA is the only available ICHI skin/tissue graft code for the upper limb and necessarily covers the wrist; no wrist-specific graft code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "55800006", "display" : "Grafting of vermilion border of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the lip in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the vermilion border — a precise anatomical subsite of the lip." }] }, { "code" : "439969006", "display" : "Grafting to great vessel of thorax with shunt bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific bypass codes for individual thoracic great vessels but none covers grafting to the great vessels of the thorax generically with a shunt bypass component; the parent block is the best available grouping." }] }, { "code" : "35627003", "display" : "Grafting to skin of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific skin graft codes (LAE for upper limb, LAG for lower limb) but none covers both extremities; LZZ.ML.AA is the NEC residual skin graft code that most broadly captures the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "265488007", "display" : "Great vessel and pulmonary artery procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping; BlockL4-HIA encompasses interventions on the great vessels of the thorax including the pulmonary artery sub-block, though slightly broader as it also includes coronary arteries." }] }, { "code" : "252956001", "display" : "Greulich and Pyle bone age assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Greulich and Pyle method uses a plain radiograph of the left hand and wrist; MFJ.BA.BA captures the radiographic procedure but is broader because it does not encode the bone age assessment purpose nor the hand component." }] }, { "code" : "398750002", "display" : "Grid photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Grid photocoagulation is a laser-based retinal destruction technique applied in a grid pattern; BCC.GA.AA captures the action and target but is broader as it does not specify the laser/photocoagulation means or the grid pattern." }] }, { "code" : "171006007", "display" : "Grieving counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Grieving counseling targets grief and bereavement, which falls under emotional functions; ICHI's AUD.PP.ZZ covers counselling for emotional functions broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on grief." }] }, { "code" : "236980007", "display" : "Groin traction at breech delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Groin traction is a specific obstetric manoeuvre used to assist breech vaginal delivery, but ICHI only has NME.JF.AC as its closest assignable code; there is no specific code for individual assisted breech manoeuvres." }] }, { "code" : "9782003", "display" : "Gross operation, herniorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"Gross operation\" is a specific eponymous technique for inguinal herniorrhaphy; ICHI does not distinguish individual named surgical techniques, so the ICHI code is broader than the eponymous SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "76168009", "display" : "Group psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes do not carry a group-vs-individual delivery axis, so PZB.PQ.ZZ covers both individual and group psychotherapy; the SNOMED concept is narrower (specifically group delivery), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "252201009", "display" : "Growth hormone day curve test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a growth hormone day curve test or any serial hormone sampling protocol; ETK.AA.ZZ is considerably broader, covering all endocrine gland function assessments." }] }, { "code" : "252202002", "display" : "Growth hormone releasing hormone test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for a GHRH stimulation test or any pituitary provocation test; ETK.AA.ZZ is the closest available category as a general endocrine gland function assessment but is far broader than this specific stimulation test." }] }, { "code" : "313775007", "display" : "Growth hormone stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a growth hormone stimulation (provocation) test; ETK.AA.ZZ covers functional assessment of any endocrine gland and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410552003", "display" : "Guardian interview", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no concept specific to interviewing a guardian or proxy informant; the nearest code is PZB.AN.ZZ, which is an unspecified interview about a patient and does not capture that the interviewee is a guardian." }] }, { "code" : "386315004", "display" : "Guilt work facilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Guilt work facilitation is a specific psychosocial intervention; the nearest ICHI code AUD.PP.ZZ covers the broader domain of counselling targeting emotional functions without specifying the emotion or the facilitation technique." }] }, { "code" : "1269445004", "display" : "Guselkumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Guselkumab is an anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody given subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AE covers percutaneous administration of any immunological agent — correct route/class but does not specify guselkumab or its IL-23 mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "83607001", "display" : "Gynecologic examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AE.AC", "display" : "Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMS.AE.AC is the closest specific match for a general gynecologic examination but specifies an internal approach; the SNOMED concept does not constrain to internal vs. external, so the ICHI code is wider in the dimensions it covers." }] }, { "code" : "243702000", "display" : "Gynecologic examination under general anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AE.AC", "display" : "Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that encodes general anaesthesia as part of a gynaecological examination; NMS.AE.AC captures the examination itself but not the anaesthetic modifier." }] }, { "code" : "54487005", "display" : "Gynecologic pelvimetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pelvimetry; NMS.AA.ZZ is a residual assessment code for the female genital system and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of pelvic measurement." }] }, { "code" : "170865004", "display" : "Gynecological disorder monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific monitoring code for gynaecological disorders; NMS.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for the female genital system, broader and not specifically encoding the surveillance nature of monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "252774004", "display" : "H-reflex studies", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of motor reflexes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "H-reflex studies are a specific electrophysiological test of the monosynaptic spinal reflex arc; MVB.AC.ZZ covers all motor reflex testing without specifying the H-reflex technique." }] }, { "code" : "301063009", "display" : "Hair bearing graft of skin to skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Hair transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.KD.AA is the closest ICHI code capturing transfer of hair-bearing tissue, but it covers hair transplantation generally without specifying the skin-to-skin graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "177507000", "display" : "Hair bearing graft of skin to skin of chin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Hair transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific hair transplant codes for the chin; LZZ.KD.AA is the only available hair transplant code, broader and losing both technique and site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "177506009", "display" : "Hair bearing graft of skin to skin of nasolabial area", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Hair transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nasolabial site-specific or skin-graft-specific hair transplant code; LZZ.KD.AA is the only ICHI category for hair transplantation and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177402009", "display" : "Hair bearing skin flap to chin area", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for a hair-bearing pedicle or local flap to the chin; LAA.ML.AA covers skin graft to head/neck broadly but does not distinguish flap from graft, the hair-bearing nature, or the chin sub-site." }] }, { "code" : "229156000", "display" : "Hamstring exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle power functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hamstring exercises are a specific rehabilitation intervention targeting the posterior thigh muscle group for strengthening and conditioning; MUB.PG.ZZ covers exercise assistance for muscle power functions generally without specifying the hamstrings or lower limb." }] }, { "code" : "447969000", "display" : "Hamstring release procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of muscle of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hamstring release involves incision or division of the hamstring muscle/tendon complex to relieve contracture, which aligns most closely with myotomy (muscle incision) of the thigh; ICHI has no hamstring-specific release code." }] }, { "code" : "367411006", "display" : "Hamstring tendon transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hamstring (thigh) tendon transfer; the closest match is the unspecified-site tendon transfer/transplantation code, which captures the correct action (LJ = tendon transfer) but lacks anatomical specificity to the thigh/knee region." }] }, { "code" : "119665008", "display" : "Hand manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.PA.AH specifically codes manipulation of the finger or hand joint, which is the primary clinical intent of hand manipulation as a procedure; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any hand or finger joint." }] }, { "code" : "119657005", "display" : "Hand repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Hand repair\" in SNOMED is a broad, unspecified repair procedure on the hand; the block BlockL4-MGB covering all musculoskeletal interventions on the hand is the closest broader grouping but encompasses far more than repair." }] }, { "code" : "274059009", "display" : "Hand tendon operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MGT", "display" : "Interventions on tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes any unspecified operation on a hand tendon, which maps best to the ICHI block BlockL5-MGT covering all interventions on tendon of hand or finger; the block is slightly wider as it includes finger tendons." }] }, { "code" : "408946003", "display" : "Harmful pattern of alcohol use prevention assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAA.AA.ZZ covers assessment of alcohol use behaviours broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to prevention assessment targeting a harmful pattern of use; ICHI does not differentiate by pattern severity or preventive intent." }] }, { "code" : "408938004", "display" : "Harmful pattern of tobacco use prevention assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.AA.ZZ captures assessment of tobacco use behaviours in general, but does not carry the specificity of a harmful-pattern or prevention-focused assessment that the SNOMED concept conveys." }] }, { "code" : "180837005", "display" : "Harvest of bone from skull, full thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no skull-specific bone procurement code, so the closest available code is the unspecified-site fallback; this is broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies the skull as the donor site and specifies full-thickness harvest." }] }, { "code" : "180833009", "display" : "Harvest of bone graft from iliac crest", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of pelvic bone for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.JH.AA represents procurement of pelvic bone for graft, which encompasses the iliac crest as part of the pelvic region; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all pelvic bone harvest sites." }] }, { "code" : "239325007", "display" : "Harvest of bone graft from proximal femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of bone of femur for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.JH.AA directly matches the concept of harvesting femoral bone for use as a graft; the ICHI code is broader because it covers the whole femur without sub-localising to the proximal segment." }] }, { "code" : "427150001", "display" : "Harvest of composite of skin and fat", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI is broader because it covers skin and subcutaneous (fatty) tissue procurement from any body site without specifying site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a composite of skin and fat specifically." }] }, { "code" : "180828005", "display" : "Harvest of extensor tendon of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of tendon of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no procurement code for tendon of foot or toe specifically; MRT.JH.AA is the best available code covering tendon procurement without site restriction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "180758009", "display" : "Harvest of flap of skin and muscle of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes harvesting a combined skin-and-muscle (myocutaneous) flap from the trunk, but ICHI has no code that captures both the flap tissue type and the trunk site together; LZZ.JH.AA is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "265776009", "display" : "Harvest of full thickness skin graft from postauricular region", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies full-thickness skin graft harvest from the postauricular region, which anatomically falls under head and neck; LAA.JH.AA covers procurement of skin from head or neck but does not specify the postauricular subsite or full-thickness nature." }] }, { "code" : "180843007", "display" : "Harvest of graft of skin and nail bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for combined skin-and-nail-bed graft procurement; LZZ.JH.AA is the closest available code, but it does not capture the nail bed component, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "309069005", "display" : "Harvest of muscle flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of muscle of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.JH.AA covers muscle procurement for graft from an unspecified site, which aligns well with the general concept of harvesting a muscle flap; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the \"flap\" nature of the harvest." }] }, { "code" : "180826009", "display" : "Harvest of palmaris longus tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFT.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of tendon of wrist for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The palmaris longus is a forearm tendon that passes over the wrist and is the most commonly harvested wrist-region tendon for graft; ICHI's MFT.JH.AA covers any tendon at that site rather than specifically the palmaris longus." }] }, { "code" : "180827000", "display" : "Harvest of plantaris tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of tendon of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The plantaris is a lower-leg muscle with a long slender tendon, commonly harvested for reconstructive grafting; MNT.JH.AA is the correct anatomical block but applies to any lower-leg tendon, not specifically the plantaris." }] }, { "code" : "715693005", "display" : "Harvest of radial artery using open approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of artery for graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific radial artery procurement code exists in ICHI; IZA.JH.AA is the only artery procurement code and the means axis suffix .AA denotes open approach, but the code covers any artery rather than specifically the radial artery." }] }, { "code" : "180666006", "display" : "Harvest of random pattern flap of skin from limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement for a flap, but it is wider because it does not specify the anatomical site (limb) or the flap design (random pattern vs axial/pedicle)." }] }, { "code" : "180753000", "display" : "Harvest of sheet of fascia from abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JH.AA captures fascia procurement for graft, matching the clinical intent of harvesting fascia as a donor tissue, but it is coded to an unspecified site rather than the abdominal wall specifically." }] }, { "code" : "309065004", "display" : "Harvest of skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for either a graft or a flap, so it subsumes harvest of a skin flap; however, it is wider because it also covers graft harvest and is site-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "240986006", "display" : "Harvest of skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for graft or flap, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JH.AA explicitly covers procurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue for a graft, matching the clinical intent of harvesting a skin graft donor site; it is wider because it also covers flap procurement and is site-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "1345277003", "display" : "Harvest of tendon of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of tendon of hand or finger for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGT.JH.AA is an excellent match for harvesting a tendon from the hand for use as a graft; it is wider rather than equivalent because ICHI groups hand and finger together while SNOMED specifies the hand only." }] }, { "code" : "67954006", "display" : "Harvesting of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"procurement for graft\" as its equivalent of harvesting, and the unspecified-site code covers bone harvesting generically; the ICHI code is implicitly scoped to graft purposes, making it slightly broader than a pure \"harvesting\" concept." }] }, { "code" : "442959004", "display" : "Harvesting of sheet of fascia from fascia lata by incision of skin and subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of fascia of unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JH.AA directly encodes procurement of fascia for graft. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the fascia lata (thigh) site or the open incision approach." }] }, { "code" : "119789006", "display" : "Head artery closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.LA.AA covers occlusion (closure) of any artery of the head and neck by open approach, the closest equivalent to \"head artery closure\"; ICHI's target scope (head and neck) exceeds SNOMED's \"head artery.\"" }] }, { "code" : "119782002", "display" : "Head artery excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.JJ.AA is the best available excision code for this arterial target but specifies \"partial excision\" and covers head and neck arteries rather than head arteries alone; no total excision code exists for this segment." }] }, { "code" : "119779007", "display" : "Head artery incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBA.FA.AA captures incision of an artery in the head and neck region by open approach; the ICHI target scope includes neck arteries in addition to head arteries, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119799001", "display" : "Head artery manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IBA", "display" : "Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"manipulation\" action for arteries; the IBA block is the broadest appropriate container for an unspecified procedural manipulation of a head artery." }] }, { "code" : "119793000", "display" : "Head artery repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Head artery repair\" covers carotid, temporal, occipital, and facial arteries as a group; IZA.MK.AA captures the correct action (repair of artery) but loses the head/neck anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "385826005", "display" : "Health promotion assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"health promotion assessment\" code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable category covering whole-person assessment, but is broader and lacks the preventive/promotional intent." }] }, { "code" : "385901002", "display" : "Hearing aid care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hearing aid is an assistive product for personal daily living use; UAD.AA.ZZ is broader as it covers all personal-use assistive technology rather than hearing aids specifically." }] }, { "code" : "385902009", "display" : "Hearing aid care education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAD.PM.ZZ represents education about personal-use assistive technology products including hearing aids; the code is broader because it encompasses all personal daily living products." }] }, { "code" : "91193004", "display" : "Hearing therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-CTB", "display" : "Interventions on hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for hearing therapy as a therapeutic rehabilitation intervention; the CTB block covers all interventions on hearing functions, broader than the therapeutic intent of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47058000", "display" : "Heart transplant with recipient cardiectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single heart transplantation code that does not distinguish the orthotopic (with recipient cardiectomy) technique from heterotopic variants; the SNOMED concept is more specific in encoding the cardiectomy component." }] }, { "code" : "53219007", "display" : "Heel-to-knee test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The heel-to-knee test is a specific bedside cerebellar coordination test; MVD.AC.ZZ captures the functional domain (testing voluntary movement control) but is broader than this specific neurological examination maneuver." }] }, { "code" : "395156001", "display" : "Heinz body screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Heinz body screen is a specific supravital staining test for denatured haemoglobin inclusions; DTA.AC.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code for haematological function testing but is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "128969008", "display" : "Held inspiration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Held inspiration\" is a specific voluntary breath-hold respiratory maneuver; JTB.AC.ZZ covers tests of respiration function broadly with no dedicated code for breath-hold maneuvers." }] }, { "code" : "406865001", "display" : "Hematein stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hematein (hematoxylin-based) staining is a specific histological technique used in microscopy preparation; XG69Q0 is the closest available code but is significantly broader, covering all microscopic examination methods." }] }, { "code" : "108256005", "display" : "Hematology staining procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hematology staining procedures (Giemsa, Wright's stain) are performed as part of peripheral blood film examination, making XG06E8 the closest contextual match; broader as it encompasses the full examination rather than just the staining step." }] }, { "code" : "39646005", "display" : "Hemibody radiotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.GA.BA", "display" : "Total body irradiation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.GA.BA captures radiotherapy applied to the whole body but specifically represents total body irradiation rather than the half-body field used in hemibody radiotherapy; ICHI has no dedicated hemibody irradiation code." }] }, { "code" : "23580000", "display" : "Hemisection of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemisection is the surgical removal of one root and its associated crown portion of a multi-rooted tooth; KAE.JK.AC is the closest available code but covers full tooth extraction via incision rather than the specific partial/hemisection procedure." }] }, { "code" : "302497006", "display" : "Hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF covers all forms of renal dialysis including haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and peritoneal dialysis, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies haemodialysis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "68341005", "display" : "Hemodialysis, supervision at home", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generically; it does not distinguish modality (haemodialysis vs peritoneal) nor the home/self-care setting, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233581009", "display" : "Hemofiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a distinct code for haemofiltration (CVVH/CRRT); NAA.JC.AF for renal dialysis is the best match as both are extracorporeal blood purification techniques but does not distinguish filtration from diffusion-based dialysis." }] }, { "code" : "271026005", "display" : "Hemoglobin level estimation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ is the best procedural-level ICHI code for measuring haematological system functions, encompassing haemoglobin level estimation; broader as it covers the entire haematological system rather than the specific haemoglobin analyte." }] }, { "code" : "312459000", "display" : "Hemoglobin S genotype determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06Q8", "display" : "Sickle cell testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG06Q8 directly references the clinical context of sickle cell disease testing; broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the particular method of HbS genotype determination, while the ICHI code does not constrain to genotyping versus other diagnostic methods." }] }, { "code" : "104720004", "display" : "Hemoglobin, unstable measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ covers measurement of any haematological system function and encompasses unstable haemoglobin measurement, but is broader; no ICHI code exists specifically for unstable haemoglobin measurement." }] }, { "code" : "429504003", "display" : "Hemoglobinopathy education", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.PM.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code for education about haematological conditions including haemoglobinopathies; broader because it encompasses all haematological system education rather than haemoglobinopathy specifically." }] }, { "code" : "52391000", "display" : "Hemolysin detection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AC.ZZ covers tests of haematological system functions under which haemolysin detection falls, but is wider as it encompasses all haematological function tests rather than this specific antibody detection assay." }] }, { "code" : "401297005", "display" : "Hemolysis screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A haemolysis screening test is a test of haematological function (red cell integrity and lysis), falling within DTA.AC.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all haematological function tests." }] }, { "code" : "84282008", "display" : "Hemorrhoidectomy by simple ligature", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.LA.AC", "display" : "Ligation of anal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.LA.AC covers ligation of anal tissue broadly, encompassing rubber band (Barron) ligation of hemorrhoids; the ICHI code is wider as it applies to any anal tissue ligation rather than specifically hemorrhoidal tissue." }] }, { "code" : "401023007", "display" : "HEp-2 centromere", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HEp-2 centromere is a specific ANA immunofluorescence pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering immunological testing broadly but is substantially wider." }] }, { "code" : "401125002", "display" : "HEp-2 cytoplasmic pattern", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HEp-2 cytoplasmic pattern is a specific ANA immunofluorescence staining pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable ICHI category for immunological system testing and does not encode the specific assay or interpretation." }] }, { "code" : "401022002", "display" : "HEp-2 nuclear pattern", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HEp-2 nuclear pattern is a specific ANA immunofluorescence pattern; DTB.AC.ZZ is the only applicable ICHI code, covering all immunological tests without specificity for HEp-2 substrate or nuclear staining interpretation." }] }, { "code" : "26958001", "display" : "Hepatic function panel", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a liver function test panel specifically; KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly, which encompasses hepatic biochemical function assessment, but is far broader than a targeted hepatic panel." }] }, { "code" : "17254000", "display" : "Hepaticolithotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hepaticolithotomy (removal of stones from the hepatic ducts or liver parenchyma) is anatomically distinct from the extrahepatic bile duct, but ICHI has no dedicated code for calculus extraction from the liver or intrahepatic ducts; KCM.JE.AA is the closest available code covering calculus extraction from the biliary system, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252404004", "display" : "Hepatitis A antigen screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for hepatitis A antigen detection or screening; the XG essential laboratory test extension codes cover hepatitis B and C but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ (test of immunological system functions) is the broadest available functional match, encompassing serological/antigen testing, but is far less specific than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "697001", "display" : "Hepatitis A virus antibody measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hepatitis A antibody measurement; the XG extension library includes hepatitis B and C antibody codes but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ represents the best available approximation as a broad immunological system test, covering antibody measurement conceptually but not specifically." }] }, { "code" : "122334006", "display" : "Hepatitis A virus RNA assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4U02 covers any viral nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT/PCR), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a hepatitis A virus RNA assay. No hepatitis-A-specific nucleic acid test exists in ICHI; this extension code is the closest representable concept." }] }, { "code" : "395160003", "display" : "Hepatitis immunity test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no hepatitis-specific immunity procedure code; its only hepatitis serology codes are extension (XG) lab-analyte codes for individual pathogens (anti-HBs, anti-HCV, etc.), which are pathogen-specific and ontologically lab-specimen descriptors rather than procedures. DTB.AC.ZZ is a proper procedure code for testing immunological system function and covers any immune-function test, including hepatitis immunity testing across all hepatitis types — wider than the SNOMED concept but ontologically and semantically a better fit than the pathogen-specific XG16A2." }] }, { "code" : "10780002", "display" : "Hepatolithotomy of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.FA.AA", "display" : "Hepatotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hepatic calculus removal; hepatolithotomy is an incision of the liver specifically to remove stones, which falls within hepatotomy (KCA.FA.AA — open incision of the liver). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any liver incision regardless of purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically for stone extraction." }] }, { "code" : "174426002", "display" : "Heterotopic liver transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.KD.AA", "display" : "Liver transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only a single liver transplant code (KCA.KD.AA) with no distinction between orthotopic and heterotopic (auxiliary) placement; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes placement of the donor liver at an ectopic site while leaving the native liver in situ." }] }, { "code" : "67562009", "display" : "Heterotransplant of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.KD.AA", "display" : "Pancreatic transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only a generic \"Pancreatic transplant\" code with no distinction for graft source (heterologous/xenograft vs. allograft); the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically describes transplant of pancreatic tissue from a non-human donor." }] }, { "code" : "359558006", "display" : "Heyman operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Heyman operation consists of capsulotomies of the tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints to correct metatarsus varus in children; MOJ.FB.AA is the best anatomical and procedural match, but it is broader — it does not encode the specific multi-joint release pattern, paediatric context, or deformity indication of the Heyman procedure." }] }, { "code" : "143821000000109", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of ciliary body", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of ciliary body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBD.GA.AH is the only ciliary body destruction code in ICHI; it captures the target (ciliary body) and the action (destruction/ablation) but does not specify the means of high-intensity focused ultrasound — ICHI has no HIFU-specific means value for this site, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448012004", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIFU liver ablation is delivered transcutaneously without incision, making percutaneous the correct approach axis; however \"percutaneous\" in ICHI also covers needle-based techniques such as RFA and microwave ablation, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific HIFU modality implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "707801007", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the only bladder destruction code without a conflicting approach qualifier — the transurethral and laparoscopic variants do not apply to HIFU, while NAI.GA.AA is approach-unspecified and thus broader; the target and action axes match exactly." }] }, { "code" : "458251000114109", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of nodule of thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIFU ablation of a thyroid nodule is delivered percutaneously through the skin surface, matching the percutaneous means axis; the ICHI code is slightly broader because \"percutaneous\" encompasses other thermal or chemical ablation techniques and the ICHI title says \"tissue\" rather than specifying a nodule/lesion, but this is the best available match for site and approach." }] }, { "code" : "1296522003", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of the prostate without specifying the modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies HIFU as the means. ICHI has no code that encodes the high-intensity focused ultrasound modality for prostate destruction." }] }, { "code" : "1217275004", "display" : "High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.GA.AE is the closest ICHI code for non-radiotherapy, non-radioiodine thyroid tissue destruction via a percutaneous approach, which aligns with the access route used in HIFU of the thyroid; however, it does not specify HIFU as the energy modality and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736954004", "display" : "Hip fracture probability assessment using FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.AA.AH is the only ICHI code covering assessment of the hip joint, making it the best available mapping for a FRAX-based hip fracture probability calculation. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses any type of hip joint assessment rather than the specific algorithmic fracture risk estimation that FRAX performs." }] }, { "code" : "43554009", "display" : "Histochemical stain with frozen section", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG30Q5 is the ICHI extension code representing histopathology as a laboratory modality; histochemical staining of frozen sections is a specific histopathological technique that falls within this broader category. ICHI does not have a code distinguishing frozen-section technique or histochemical staining from other histopathology methods, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425015006", "display" : "History and physical examination for surgical clearance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A preoperative history and physical for surgical clearance constitutes a comprehensive general health assessment of the whole person prior to surgery, which is what PZB.AA.ZZ represents. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the surgical clearance purpose or the combined history-and-physical methodology, but it is the best available code for a whole-person pre-procedural evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "78318003", "display" : "History and physical examination, annual for health maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ covers the clinical substance of an annual health maintenance H&P — a comprehensive assessment of the whole person — but is broader because it does not encode the annual/periodic frequency or the preventive/health-maintenance intent that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a routine encounter." }] }, { "code" : "5902003", "display" : "History and physical examination, complete", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A complete H&P maps most naturally to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which represents a comprehensive assessment of the whole person. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish \"complete\" from other scopes of assessment, and the SNOMED concept bundles history-taking with physical examination whereas ICHI treats these as separate action codes." }] }, { "code" : "113009005", "display" : "History and physical examination, follow-up", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated follow-up encounter or review visit code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available code for a whole-person assessment. It is wider because it does not capture the follow-up/interval nature of the encounter that differentiates this SNOMED concept from an initial assessment." }] }, { "code" : "14129001", "display" : "History and physical examination, follow-up for emotional or mental disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ captures assessment of mental functions broadly and is the closest ICHI category to a follow-up H&P focused on emotional or mental disease; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish a follow-up visit from an initial assessment, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses the history-taking and physical examination components not captured in a single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "7546001", "display" : "History and physical examination, follow-up for neoplastic disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cancer-specific or oncology follow-up assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the best available fit for a comprehensive H&P follow-up visit, but it is broader because it carries no specificity for neoplastic disease surveillance." }] }, { "code" : "1640009", "display" : "History and physical examination, insurance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no concept for an insurance-purpose medical examination; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general whole-person health assessment, but it is wider because it does not encode the administrative/insurance purpose that defines the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "17612009", "display" : "History and physical examination, known or suspected carrier", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for examination of an infectious disease carrier; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available category, but it is wider because it does not capture the infectious disease carrier context or the clinical reasoning driving the encounter." }] }, { "code" : "76906009", "display" : "History and physical examination, known or suspected contact", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Infectious disease contact tracing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.VC.ZZ is the best ICHI match for an examination of a known or suspected disease contact, sharing the core public-health purpose of identifying and evaluating exposed individuals; it is wider because ICHI frames this as a population-level surveillance activity rather than an individual clinical history and physical examination." }] }, { "code" : "43350001", "display" : "History and physical examination, license", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a purpose-specific licensure H&P; PZA.AE.AH captures the physical examination of the whole body but does not encode the administrative purpose (licensing) or the history-taking component. The ICHI code is broader, covering any whole-body physical examination regardless of reason." }] }, { "code" : "67879005", "display" : "History and physical examination, limited", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish limited (brief) from comprehensive H&P examinations; PZA.AE.AH represents a whole-body physical examination at any depth of detail, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a limited scope encounter." }] }, { "code" : "37743000", "display" : "History and physical examination, monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The monitoring-purpose H&P (a periodic reassessment of a known condition or patient) aligns best with PZB.AA.ZZ as a whole-person general health assessment; however ICHI does not encode the periodic/surveillance context of the examination, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "103739003", "display" : "History and physical examination, occupation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Occupational health H&P (fitness-for-work assessment) has no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the occupational/employment context, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63787000", "display" : "History and physical examination, premarital", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Premarital H&P is a purpose-specific health screening with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the best available match but subsumes any general whole-person assessment regardless of the premarital context, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "77150002", "display" : "History and physical examination, school", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a combined history-and-physical examination performed specifically in a school setting, whereas PZA.AE.AH covers only the physical examination component of the whole body with no setting or history-taking dimension. ICHI lacks a code that captures the school-specific context or the history component." }] }, { "code" : "103736005", "display" : "History and physical examination, sports participation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a pre-participation sports evaluation combining history taking and physical examination, whereas PZA.AE.AH represents only the physical examination of the whole body without the history or sports-clearance context. No ICHI code captures the sports-participation specificity." }] }, { "code" : "201495001", "display" : "History taking, complete", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents clinical history taking through \"interview\" action codes; PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest match as it targets the whole person and covers a comprehensive information-gathering encounter, but it does not distinguish complete from limited history." }] }, { "code" : "203421005", "display" : "History taking, limited", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for any clinical interview targeting the whole person; ICHI does not distinguish limited from complete history taking." }] }, { "code" : "385888009", "display" : "History taking, mental health", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AN.ZZ captures the interview/history-taking action directed at mental functions, aligning with mental health history; broader because it encompasses any interview about mental functions rather than specifically a structured psychiatric history-taking encounter." }] }, { "code" : "23918007", "display" : "History taking, self-administered, by computer terminal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept distinguishing self-administered or computer-mediated history taking; PZB.AN.ZZ is the closest available code for a whole-person interview but does not capture the self-administered or digital modality." }] }, { "code" : "32166003", "display" : "History taking, self-administered, questionnaire", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific concept for a self-administered questionnaire; PZB.AN.ZZ covers the closest general category of a whole-person interview but does not encode the self-administered or questionnaire format." }] }, { "code" : "74915004", "display" : "HIV-1 ELISA assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0JB1", "display" : "Antibodies to HIV-1/2 test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ELISA is a specific antibody detection technique used for HIV-1; XG0JB1 covers antibody testing for HIV-1/2 broadly without specifying the ELISA method, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "440644000", "display" : "Holistic massage therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.PC.ZZ", "display" : "Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for holistic/therapeutic massage; MRS.PC.ZZ covers massage of soft tissue at an unspecified site, capturing the physical action but broader as it does not encode the holistic whole-body therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "699075006", "display" : "Holmium laser enucleation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP); NGA.JJ.AD shares the same target, approach, and overall goal of prostate tissue removal, but is broader in that it does not specify the laser enucleation technique." }] }, { "code" : "75102000", "display" : "Home apnea monitor education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in the use of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for apnea monitor education; UAD.PH.ZZ covers training in the use of products and technology for daily living, the functional category that home apnea monitor education falls under." }] }, { "code" : "385781007", "display" : "Home health aide service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCH.RG.ZZ aligns with the role of a home health aide; broader because it applies to any personal care/assistant support services at a population or system level, not specifically to in-home health aide delivery." }] }, { "code" : "386323002", "display" : "Home maintenance assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "SOD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with doing housework", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Home maintenance assistance maps best to practical support with housework; the ICHI code is broader as \"doing housework\" encompasses a range of household tasks beyond just maintenance." }] }, { "code" : "737854006", "display" : "Home oxygen therapy management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DD.AC covers oxygen therapy generically; it does not capture the \"home\" setting or the \"management\" (care coordination/monitoring) aspect, making it broader than the specific home-based management activity." }] }, { "code" : "185470005", "display" : "Home visit elderly assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for home visits or age-specific (elderly) assessments; \"General health assessment\" is the closest functional match but does not capture the domiciliary setting or the geriatric-specific nature." }] }, { "code" : "410340009", "display" : "Homemaking case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SO2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with carrying out household tasks, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Homemaking case management\" is coordinated care management to enable a person to maintain their home; SO2.RB.ZZ covers the household task dimension but not the care coordination/case management function." }] }, { "code" : "313079007", "display" : "Homosexuality counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEF.PP.ZZ covers counselling about sexual behaviours broadly and is not restricted to any particular sexual orientation; the SNOMED concept is specifically counseling directed at homosexuality, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "71947008", "display" : "Homotransplant of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.KD.AA", "display" : "Pancreatic transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.KD.AA is the ICHI code for pancreatic transplant; the SNOMED concept specifies a homotransplant (allograft from a human donor), while the ICHI code does not encode donor type, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1231451004", "display" : "Hook test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test for stability of joint functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Hook test is a specific clinical examination maneuver to assess the integrity of the distal biceps tendon at the elbow joint; MTC.AC.ZZ covers testing of joint stability functions generally and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "275161007", "display" : "Hordeolum removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hordeolum (stye) is treated by incision and drainage of an infected eyelid gland; BAA.JB.AA covers drainage of the eyelid broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169413002", "display" : "Hormone therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"hormone therapy\" code; UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest match. The ICHI code is broader, covering all medication provision regardless of drug class." }] }, { "code" : "1290176000", "display" : "Hospital antenatal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of pregnancy-related functions, a core component of antenatal care; broader because the SNOMED concept specifies a comprehensive care episode in a hospital setting that includes assessment, education, and other components." }] }, { "code" : "10361000132103", "display" : "Hot biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hot biopsy is a specific endoscopic technique using electrocautery forceps, most commonly in the colon; ICHI has no means code for electrosurgical/diathermy forceps and no dedicated hot biopsy category, so KBP.AD.AD is the closest but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "252497000", "display" : "Hot dental pulp vitality test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pulp vitality testing or thermal/heat stimulation tests of the pulp; the closest available code is the general dental examination, broader and not specific to the hot thermal test method." }] }, { "code" : "21943005", "display" : "Hot water bath hydrotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Full-body immersion hydrotherapy is the closest ICHI match for a hot water bath; broader because the ICHI code does not specify water temperature or distinguish bath from other full-immersion modalities." }] }, { "code" : "410392000", "display" : "Housing surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAM.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning the built environment, including housing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAM.VC.ZZ explicitly covers public health surveillance of the built environment including housing; broader as it encompasses the entire built environment category rather than housing alone." }] }, { "code" : "313077009", "display" : "Human immunodeficiency virus counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for counselling related to an immune-system condition; broader than HIV-specific counseling as it covers all immunological system functions, and ICHI lacks a disease-specific or pathogen-specific counselling code." }] }, { "code" : "372035004", "display" : "Identification of barriers to communication", "target" : [{ "code" : "_LDINCOMPLETE", "display" : "Assessment of communication, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest concept under \"Interventions on communication\" but broader — covers any assessment of communication rather than the specific act of identifying barriers to communication." }] }, { "code" : "370817003", "display" : "Identification of cultural and value components related to pain management", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ captures the clinical act of formally assessing pain but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a culturally-focused and values-focused component of pain management rather than a generic pain assessment." }] }, { "code" : "370819000", "display" : "Identification of individual values and wishes concerning care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AN.ZZ targets the whole person via interview, the closest analog to identifying values and care wishes; broader because it encompasses any whole-person interview rather than specifically eliciting values and preferences." }] }, { "code" : "168024000", "display" : "Identification of microorganisms in ascitic fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.AH.XE", "display" : "Specimen collection of peritoneal fluid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.AH.XE covers collection of peritoneal/ascitic fluid but addresses only the specimen collection step, not the subsequent microbiological identification, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370820006", "display" : "Identification of physical alterations that may affect procedure-specific positioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for pre-procedural positioning risk evaluation; PZB.AA.ZZ is the broadest reasonable parent that captures the assessment nature of the act, but is substantially wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "710776000", "display" : "Identification of preoperative physiological status", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preoperative physiological status assessment has no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available category but considerably broader and not surgery-specific." }] }, { "code" : "225294001", "display" : "Identifying goals", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TB.ZZ encompasses the broader process of creating an individualised care plan for the whole person, of which goal identification is a key but not exclusive part." }] }, { "code" : "225296004", "display" : "Identifying problems", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No code specific to problem identification exists; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest functional match but broader, encompassing all aspects of health assessment rather than the specific act of problem identification." }] }, { "code" : "359894000", "display" : "IgG anti-IgA assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a specific IgG anti-IgA assay; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological testing in general, significantly broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "121795005", "display" : "IgG synthesis rate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AB.ZZ covers functional measurement of the immune system but no ICHI code specific to immunoglobulin synthesis rate exists, so this is a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "25383000", "display" : "IL-1 Alpha assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for cytokine-specific assays or interleukin measurement; DTB.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable match." }] }, { "code" : "66529005", "display" : "IL-1 Beta assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI code exists for IL-1β; DTB.AC.ZZ is the best available match and considerably broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176119008", "display" : "Ileocecal urinary bladder replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Reconstruction of urinary bladder includes ileocecal neobladder substitution but ICHI does not specify the ileocecal tissue source or full native bladder replacement, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "67212000", "display" : "Ileocystoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Augmentation of bladder directly describes the functional goal of ileocystoplasty; ICHI does not specify that the augmentation material is an ileal patch, so the code is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "234330008", "display" : "Iliac crest trephine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A trephine biopsy of the iliac crest is performed percutaneously on pelvic bone; ICHI does not specify the iliac crest sub-site or the trephine technique, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "278704006", "display" : "Iliac fossa muscle cutting incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is myotomy of the iliacus muscle in the iliac fossa; ICHI has myotomy codes only for the thigh and unspecified site, neither targets the iliacus, so the unspecified-site code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "405528002", "display" : "Ilio-femoral bypass for repair of aneurysm with prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI bypass codes do not span both iliac and femoral territories; IEA.LI.AA fits the proximal vessel but does not capture the prosthesis or femoral terminus, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "405523006", "display" : "Ilio-profunda graft for repair of aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.ML.AA covers iliac reconstruction with a graft but does not capture the profunda femoris target or the aneurysm-specific indication, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "234251008", "display" : "Ilioinguinofemoral lymphadenectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFM.JL.AA", "display" : "Radical excision of inguinal lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ilioinguinofemoral lymphadenectomy spans iliac, inguinal, and femoral lymph node regions in one radical dissection; DFM.JL.AA covers only the inguinal level and is the closest available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "24587005", "display" : "Image analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BL", "display" : "Image capture and analysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BL is an ICHI Means axis code representing image capture and analysis as a technique; broader because it bundles capture with analysis and does not specify any modality or body system." }] }, { "code" : "178005004", "display" : "Image controlled percutaneous drainage of subphrenic abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subphrenic space is a region of the peritoneal cavity; ICHI has no dedicated subphrenic drainage code, and image-guidance and abscess specificity are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "1264555004", "display" : "Imaging guided core needle biopsy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.AD.AE covers percutaneous biopsy of the breast (correct target/approach) but does not specify imaging guidance or core needle technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "708679008", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JB.AE matches target, action and percutaneous approach; ICHI does not distinguish imaging-guided from non-imaging-guided percutaneous approaches, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "708683008", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.JB.AE matches target, action and means; ICHI has no mechanism to encode imaging guidance, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708702009", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymphatic structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of lymph node; ICHI does not differentiate fine needle aspiration from other percutaneous biopsy techniques and does not encode imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1344907003", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of common femoral artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated common femoral artery code, nor encoding for imaging guidance or contrast medium; IFA.LG.AF is the most specific available match." }] }, { "code" : "41339005", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of coronary artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LG.AF is an exact PTCA match on target, action and approach; ICHI does not encode imaging guidance or contrast use, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "1344899006", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of popliteal artery with prosthesis with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF covers dilatation with device insertion in lower limb arteries (encompassing the popliteal artery) but does not specify the popliteal artery, imaging guidance, or contrast." }] }, { "code" : "233283006", "display" : "Imaging guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superficial femoral artery with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LG.AF captures the procedure type but does not specify the superficial femoral artery target, imaging guidance, or contrast use." }] }, { "code" : "1255817008", "display" : "Imaging guided removal of foreign body from abdominal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JD.AE represents percutaneous foreign-body removal from the peritoneal cavity, the principal compartment of the abdomen; broader because peritoneal cavity does not fully encompass the retroperitoneum and imaging guidance is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "1264556003", "display" : "Imaging guided vacuum assisted biopsy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.AD.AE captures percutaneous biopsy of the breast but does not distinguish imaging-guidance or the vacuum-assisted technique, making ICHI broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441987005", "display" : "Imaging of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-PAK", "display" : "Imaging interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL6-PAK groups all imaging modalities of the abdomen under one organisational node; as a block it is not an assignable category code and is inherently broader." }] }, { "code" : "441875004", "display" : "Imaging of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-PAB", "display" : "Imaging interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL6-PAB groups multi-modality imaging of head or neck; broader than head alone since it also encompasses the neck." }] }, { "code" : "441677009", "display" : "Imaging of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-JBF", "display" : "Imaging interventions on lung parenchyma", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL6-JBF groups all modality-specific lung imaging codes; as a block it is the only ICHI grouping that covers multi-modality lung imaging, slightly narrower anatomically but the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "441958009", "display" : "Imaging of musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MZZ", "display" : "Imaging interventions on musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category code for unspecified-modality imaging of the musculoskeletal system; the block BlockL5-MZZ groups all such imaging codes (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound) and is the closest structural fit, though it covers all imaging modalities rather than the modality-agnostic SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "363141001", "display" : "Imaging of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-PAB", "display" : "Imaging interventions on head or neck, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes imaging of the neck only within the joint \"head or neck\" block (PAB) and each assignable code is modality-specific; the block is the best structural fit but extends to the head as well as the neck." }] }, { "code" : "414458006", "display" : "Imaging of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL6-MBZ", "display" : "Imaging interventions on vertebral column, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The block groups all imaging modalities of the unspecified vertebral column and is the best structural match since no single ICHI category code covers imaging of spine by all modalities." }] }, { "code" : "177221004", "display" : "Immediate repair of minor obstetric laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA covers repair of the perineum as a whole and is the best structural match for minor obstetric laceration repair (commonly first/second-degree perineal tears); ICHI is broader as it does not restrict to obstetric context, timing, or severity." }] }, { "code" : "1287984003", "display" : "Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of cervix uteri", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.MK.AC", "display" : "Other repair of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.MK.AC covers repair of the cervix uteri via a transvaginal approach and is the closest available ICHI code but does not specify the obstetric (post-delivery laceration) context or the immediate timing." }] }, { "code" : "177219009", "display" : "Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of perineum and sphincter of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW.MK.AA captures perineal repair (the primary surgical target in third/fourth-degree obstetric tears) but does not capture the concomitant anal sphincter repair (KBX.MK.AA) or the obstetric/immediate context." }] }, { "code" : "177220003", "display" : "Immediate repair of obstetric laceration of vagina and floor of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.MK.AC captures repair of the vagina via the transvaginal route, matching the primary surgical target; it does not encode the pelvic floor component or the obstetric laceration context." }] }, { "code" : "395035000", "display" : "Immune complex IgG level", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG58X6", "display" : "Immunoglobulin plasma levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG58X6 covers all immunoglobulin plasma levels as a group, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to IgG-class immune complexes; ICHI provides no isotype-specific subdivision." }] }, { "code" : "395036004", "display" : "Immune complex IgM level", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG58X6", "display" : "Immunoglobulin plasma levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG58X6 represents the class of all immunoglobulin plasma level measurements; ICHI has no subtype distinguishing IgM from other immunoglobulin isotypes." }] }, { "code" : "127798001", "display" : "Immunocytochemical procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1640", "display" : "Immunohisto-chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1640 covers immunolabeling applied to tissue and cell preparations under the umbrella of immunohistochemistry; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish tissue sections (IHC) from cell preparations (immunocytochemistry)." }] }, { "code" : "13269000", "display" : "Immunocytochemical stain", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1640", "display" : "Immunohisto-chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Immunocytochemical staining is the specific staining act within an immunocytochemical procedure; XG1640 is the best available ICHI code covering antibody-based tissue/cell staining and is wider as it subsumes both tissue and cytological immunolabeling." }] }, { "code" : "6689003", "display" : "Immunodiffusion, qualitative", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Immunodiffusion is a specific gel-based precipitation technique; ICHI has no code for it and DTB.AC.ZZ is the nearest category, covering any test of immunological system functions, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "406867009", "display" : "Immunofluorescent stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no terminology for staining methods or fluorescent labelling; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest available code as the procedure is an immunological test method but is far broader than the specific direct/indirect immunofluorescence technique." }] }, { "code" : "250308006", "display" : "Immunoglobulin chain concentration measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG58X6", "display" : "Immunoglobulin plasma levels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels and aligns with measuring immunoglobulin chain concentrations, but the ICHI code refers to total immunoglobulin levels rather than individual kappa/lambda or heavy-chain subtype quantification." }] }, { "code" : "35389006", "display" : "Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no codes for molecular genetic techniques such as PCR-based clonality testing or V(D)J gene rearrangement analysis; DTB.AC.ZZ is the only available approximation and is far broader than this specific molecular diagnostic assay." }] }, { "code" : "408906009", "display" : "Immunological care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of immunological system functions, aligning with immunological care assessment; the ICHI code is broader as it does not carry the holistic care dimension implying nursing/clinical care context." }] }, { "code" : "314073001", "display" : "Immunology screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AC.ZZ represents testing of immunological system functions, semantically close to an immunology screening test but slightly broader because it does not specify the screening intent." }] }, { "code" : "11688007", "display" : "Implant of inert material into nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the nose, broader than the SNOMED concept specifying inert material; ICHI does not distinguish implant material type." }] }, { "code" : "186160005", "display" : "Implant of vocal cords", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx (which contains the vocal cords); ICHI has no code specific to vocal cord implantation." }] }, { "code" : "442504005", "display" : "Implantation of artificial sphincter in anorectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the anus, encompassing artificial sphincter implantation; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for artificial anal sphincter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "173006001", "display" : "Implantation of artificial voicebox into larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the larynx; ICHI does not distinguish a voice prosthesis from other laryngeal devices." }] }, { "code" : "784163001", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac biventricular permanent pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers percutaneous implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system, encompassing biventricular CRT-P, but does not distinguish biventricular configuration nor capture fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "60985004", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac dual-chamber device, replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI reflects the replacement action and percutaneous transluminal approach, but the title covers any pacemaker/defibrillator replacement without distinguishing dual-chamber from other configurations." }] }, { "code" : "1235006003", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers implantation of the full system, but ICHI does not have a code specific to lead-only implantation or to CRT-D leads, making it broader than this single-lead SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1236755008", "display" : "Implantation of cardiac resynchronization defibrillator system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous implantation of a permanent endocardial defibrillator system, encompassing CRT-D, but does not distinguish cardiac resynchronization therapy from standard ICD systems." }] }, { "code" : "425435003", "display" : "Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with one electrode lead", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers percutaneous implantation of any permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system; it does not specify the number of electrode leads or distinguish ICD-only devices from pacemakers." }] }, { "code" : "442249009", "display" : "Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with three electrode leads", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a transvenous ICD with three leads; ICHI does not capture the number of leads, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427508005", "display" : "Implantation of cardioverter defibrillator with two electrode leads", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The two-lead variant of transvenous ICD implantation; ICHI does not distinguish lead count, making it wider than the SNOMED concept specifying exactly two leads." }] }, { "code" : "428740009", "display" : "Implantation of carmustine wafer into cerebrum", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carmustine (Gliadel) wafers are drug-eluting implants placed into the cerebral resection cavity; ICHI captures device implantation into intracranial space but does not specify cerebrum, wafer device type, or chemotherapeutic agent." }] }, { "code" : "60531000087100", "display" : "Implantation of dual chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of endocardial leadless pacemaker", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AE covers percutaneous implantation of any endocardial leadless pacemaker; the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating a dual-chamber leadless system." }] }, { "code" : "82130003", "display" : "Implantation of electroencephalographic receiver in brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an EEG receiver or intracranial recording device; \"Insertion of device into brain\" covers the anatomical target and procedural action but applies to any intracranial device." }] }, { "code" : "2067001", "display" : "Implantation of electromagnetic hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An electromagnetic implantable hearing aid targets middle ear structures; this NEC code covers implantation of any internal device in the middle ear, broader because it encompasses all middle-ear internal device types." }] }, { "code" : "82009005", "display" : "Implantation of electronic stimulator into urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI maps the action and target directly but is broader because it covers any implanted device in the bladder, not specifically an electronic stimulator." }] }, { "code" : "37581007", "display" : "Implantation of epikeratoprosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An epikeratoprosthesis is a prosthetic device implanted onto the corneal surface; ICHI's code is broader as it covers all types of corneal implants, not exclusively epikeratoprostheses." }] }, { "code" : "397800002", "display" : "Implantation of inert material in Tenon's capsule with enucleation of eyeball", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.JK.AA", "display" : "Enucleation of eyeball", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZA.JK.AA covers the enucleation of the eyeball but does not capture the simultaneous implantation of inert material into Tenon's capsule; no single ICHI code encodes this combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "414510000", "display" : "Implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.DL.AC covers insertion of any corneal implant; it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a ring segment placed intrastromally for keratoconus." }] }, { "code" : "4213001", "display" : "Implantation of Ommaya reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An Ommaya reservoir is a specific type of internal device implanted into the cerebral ventricles; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device." }] }, { "code" : "447256007", "display" : "Implantation of plate into spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spinal plate is an internal fixation device; the ICHI code covers implantation of any device into the spine at an unspecified level, broader because it does not distinguish device type." }] }, { "code" : "373418002", "display" : "Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in capsular bag", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of any prosthetic lens, encompassing posterior chamber IOL implantation; broader as it does not specify lens location or fixation site (capsular bag vs sulcus)." }] }, { "code" : "373417007", "display" : "Implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in ciliary sulcus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens; ICHI does not distinguish the specific placement location (ciliary sulcus vs. bag), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "76116002", "display" : "Implantation of prosthesis or prosthetic device of acetabulum of hip joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into the hip joint broadly, encompassing acetabular cup implantation; ICHI does not offer a more specific code restricted to the acetabular component alone." }] }, { "code" : "171952002", "display" : "Implantation of radioactive substance into pituitary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EAA.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the pituitary gland, encompassing brachytherapy/radioactive implant placement; broader because it does not specify the radioactive nature of the implanted substance." }] }, { "code" : "442158006", "display" : "Implantation of radioactive substance into prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated brachytherapy/radioactive seed implantation code for the prostate; NGA.DL.AC captures the procedural act of placing a device into the prostate but is broader as it does not specify radioactive material." }] }, { "code" : "176609003", "display" : "Implantation of radioactive substance into vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vulva block contains no code for device insertion or brachytherapy; NMI.GA.AA \"Destruction of vulva\" is the closest available code capturing ablative/therapeutic intent but is broader and does not specify radioactive interstitial implantation." }] }, { "code" : "23999003", "display" : "Implantation of rate-responsive cardiac single-chamber device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between single-chamber, dual-chamber, or rate-responsive pacemaker subtypes; HFC.DN.AF covers percutaneous permanent pacemaker implantation but is broader as it also encompasses defibrillator systems and any chamber configuration." }] }, { "code" : "83977000", "display" : "Implantation of retinal attachment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the only retinal intervention code capturing structural restoration/reattachment, aligning with the clinical intent; however, it is broader as it encompasses all retinal repair methods and does not specify implantation of a device or attachment element." }] }, { "code" : "88669004", "display" : "Implantation of Rickham reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Rickham reservoir is a subcutaneous CSF access device inserted through a burr hole; AAA.DL.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it does not specify the type of device or its precise placement within intracranial structures." }] }, { "code" : "60541000087106", "display" : "Implantation of single chamber leadless cardiac pacemaker system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of endocardial leadless pacemaker", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AE matches the leadless pacemaker concept closely, but does not specify single chamber — covering leadless endocardial pacemakers generally, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's single-chamber specificity." }] }, { "code" : "48695001", "display" : "Implantation of skull plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.DN.AA covers implantation of any device into the skull, accurately mapping the skull plate procedure, but is broader as it encompasses other skull devices (tongs, halos, electrodes) beyond plates specifically." }] }, { "code" : "169553002", "display" : "Implantation of subcutaneous contraceptive", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subcutaneous contraceptive implants (Nexplanon/Implanon) are inserted percutaneously into upper-arm subcutaneous tissue, matching anatomy and approach; however, the ICHI code does not specify the contraceptive function or device type." }] }, { "code" : "13371003", "display" : "Implantation of Swanson prosthesis of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.DN.AA captures implantation of a prosthesis/spacer into a finger or hand joint, the core action of Swanson silicone arthroplasty; it is broader as it does not specify the Swanson/silicone implant type or particular finger joint." }] }, { "code" : "1367854001", "display" : "Implantation of synthetic cartilage into first metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.DN.AA covers implantation of any internal device into any joint of the foot or toe but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies synthetic cartilage (e.g. Cartiva) into the first MTP joint." }] }, { "code" : "427982004", "display" : "Implantation of vertical expanding prosthetic titanium rib", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of thoracic cage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCB.DN.AA is the only ICHI code covering device implantation in the thoracic cage; it is broader as it does not specify the titanium rib prosthesis material, the vertical-expanding mechanism, or the scoliosis/thoracic insufficiency context." }] }, { "code" : "53020005", "display" : "Implantation of vitreous for retinal reattachment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the closest match: clinical intent is retinal repair/reattachment, and vitreous substitution is the means. ICHI lacks a specific code for vitreous implantation/tamponade as a retinal reattachment technique." }] }, { "code" : "89176003", "display" : "Implantation of vitreous for retinal reattachment with buckling", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for retinal repair/reattachment; the additional scleral buckling component is not captured, and ICHI has no specific combined code, so the match remains wider." }] }, { "code" : "372067001", "display" : "Implementation of measures to provide psychological support", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.RC.ZZ is the best fit within ICHI's psychosocial domain, covering provision of emotional/psychological support; the SNOMED concept is broader administrative/nursing language that may encompass multiple support modalities." }] }, { "code" : "135885005", "display" : "Impotence education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUA.PM.ZZ covers patient education directed at sexual functions, which includes erectile dysfunction; broader because it encompasses all sexual function education rather than being specific to impotence." }] }, { "code" : "426914002", "display" : "In vitro fertilization using donor egg and intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for IVF with donor egg and ICSI; NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer broadly, encompassing embryo transfer following IVF, but does not encode donor-egg source, ICSI technique, or the IVF step itself." }] }, { "code" : "425866000", "display" : "In vitro fertilization using donor eggs", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides no code specific to IVF with donor oocytes; NME.DH.AC is the closest available code covering the transfer component, but is broader and does not distinguish donor-egg from autologous IVF." }] }, { "code" : "427664000", "display" : "In vitro fertilization using donor spermatozoa", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifying IVF with donor sperm; NME.DH.AC is the best available match covering uterine embryo transfer but does not encode the IVF process or donor sperm source." }] }, { "code" : "425901007", "display" : "In vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic spermatozoa injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code distinguishing ICSI from conventional IVF; NME.DH.AC is the closest match for the embryo transfer stage but does not capture the ICSI microinjection technique or in-vitro fertilization step." }] }, { "code" : "711544002", "display" : "In vitro fertilization with surrogacy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for IVF or surrogacy; NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer (the embryo transfer step), broader as it does not capture IVF itself, the surrogacy arrangement, or egg retrieval." }] }, { "code" : "29730001", "display" : "In vivo immunologic procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish in vivo from in vitro immunologic testing; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological function testing generally but is broader than SNOMED's restriction to in vivo procedures (skin prick, patch, challenge tests)." }] }, { "code" : "19838004", "display" : "In-vitro immunologic test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated in vitro immunology test code; DTB.AC.ZZ covers all immunological function testing regardless of in vitro/in vivo, broader than this SNOMED concept restricted to in vitro methods (ELISA, immunoassay, RAST)." }] }, { "code" : "13837003", "display" : "Inborn errors of metabolism screen", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism (Guthrie/heel prick); ETB.AA.ZZ covers general metabolic function assessment but does not capture the newborn screening context or focus on inherited disorders." }] }, { "code" : "46423003", "display" : "Incidental ligation of fallopian tubes", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA covers open occlusion of the fallopian tubes (tubal ligation); however, ICHI does not encode the \"incidental\" qualifier (performed as a secondary procedure during another operation), making this code broader." }] }, { "code" : "388285000", "display" : "Incision and curettage of chalazion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chalazion is a meibomian gland cyst of the eyelid; BAA.JB.AA captures the drainage component but is broader as it covers any eyelid drainage, not the specific combined incision-and-curettage technique on a chalazion." }] }, { "code" : "284181007", "display" : "Incision and drainage of abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a generic site-unspecified incision and drainage of abscess; MRS.JB.AA is the closest ICHI equivalent as an unspecified-site soft tissue drainage code but is broader as it covers any soft tissue drainage." }] }, { "code" : "446177006", "display" : "Incision and drainage of abscess of extradural space of spinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JB.AE", "display" : "Drainage of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.JB.AE is drainage of the spinal canal (percutaneous), aligning with target anatomy; however it does not specifically encode the extradural sub-space or the abscess aetiology, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "430384004", "display" : "Incision and drainage of abscess of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue, encompassing facial abscess drainage; broader because it covers the entire head and neck rather than the face specifically and does not encode the abscess indication." }] }, { "code" : "430999009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of abscess of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JB.AA is the best available ICHI code for superficial drainage of the head region; wider because it covers both head and neck and includes all skin and subcutaneous tissue regardless of pathology." }] }, { "code" : "275231009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of anorectal abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of rectum and perirectal area", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.JB.AA covers drainage of rectum and perirectal area, encompassing the anorectal space where these abscesses arise, but does not specify abscess as the indication and includes the rectum itself rather than being limited to the abscess space." }] }, { "code" : "8673009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of buccal space", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The buccal space is a deep fascial space of the cheek in the head/neck region; LAA.JB.AA is the best available match covering subcutaneous and deeper soft tissue drainage of the head or neck, though not specific to the buccal space." }] }, { "code" : "307248008", "display" : "Incision and drainage of buttock abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The buttock/gluteal region falls within the trunk in ICHI; LAB.JB.AA covers trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage but is broader as it does not specify the gluteal site or abscess indication." }] }, { "code" : "77772005", "display" : "Incision and drainage of eyeball", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific incision and drainage of eyeball code; BZZ.JB.AA covers eye drainage when no more specific ocular structure is identified, broader than the SNOMED concept and inherently coarser." }] }, { "code" : "89408005", "display" : "Incision and drainage of forearm for deep abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for deep forearm drainage specifically; LAE.JB.AA covers the broader upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than the deep fascial or muscular compartment." }] }, { "code" : "22700008", "display" : "Incision and drainage of hematoma of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.JB.AA is the closest available ICHI code, covering open drainage of upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue, but is broader in anatomical scope (entire upper limb) and does not specifically denote hematoma." }] }, { "code" : "32405005", "display" : "Incision and drainage of hematoma of hip joint area", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.JB.AA covers intra-articular drainage of the hip joint, while the SNOMED concept targets a hematoma in the periarticular hip area; no dedicated ICHI code exists for open soft-tissue hematoma drainage in the lower limb." }] }, { "code" : "8583004", "display" : "Incision and drainage of hip joint area for deep abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies drainage of a deep periarticular hip abscess (soft tissue), while MLJ.JB.AA encodes intra-articular hip drainage; broader as it does not distinguish abscess from other fluid collections and implies joint-cavity access." }] }, { "code" : "45788003", "display" : "Incision and drainage of infected bursa of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bursal drainage in the forearm; LAE.JB.AA is the closest covering open drainage of upper limb subcutaneous structures but does not distinguish bursa from other tissue and covers the entire upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "67852006", "display" : "Incision and drainage of infected bursa of hip joint area", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for periarticular bursa drainage in the hip region; MLJ.JB.AA is the closest available code but implies intra-articular access rather than drainage of an extra-articular bursa." }] }, { "code" : "72673002", "display" : "Incision and drainage of intramural anal abscess with submuscular fistulectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining incision/drainage of an intramural anal abscess with submuscular fistulectomy; KBX.FA.AA covers only incision of anus and perianal tissue and is the closest single code, but does not capture drainage or fistulectomy." }] }, { "code" : "445732008", "display" : "Incision and drainage of lacrimal drainage structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus, which encompasses lacrimal drainage structures (canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct); the SNOMED concept additionally specifies an incision component and a narrower target subset of the lacrimal apparatus." }] }, { "code" : "89572009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of lacrimal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.FA.AA captures the incision action on the lacrimal apparatus, but the lacrimal apparatus is broader than the lacrimal gland specifically and the drainage component is not explicitly represented." }] }, { "code" : "392232002", "display" : "Incision and drainage of peritonsillar abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code explicitly covers drainage of peritonsillar structures, matching the primary therapeutic intent; however ICHI also covers non-abscess drainage of the tonsil and lacks a dedicated incision-and-drainage combined action, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "444391005", "display" : "Incision and drainage of pilonidal cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pilonidal cysts occur in the sacrococcygeal region within the trunk grouping; ICHI has no specific pilonidal cyst code, so this trunk skin/subcutaneous drainage code is the best available match but covers all trunk skin drainage regardless of cyst type." }] }, { "code" : "38535009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of retropharyngeal abscess by external approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only one retropharyngeal abscess drainage code, specifying \"open\" without distinguishing approach; the external (cervical) approach aligns with an open procedure, but the ICHI code is broader in not capturing the approach specificity." }] }, { "code" : "363157001", "display" : "Incision and drainage of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates incision (MRS.FA.AA) and drainage (MRS.JB.AA) of soft tissue at unspecified site into distinct codes; MRS.FA.AA is the best single code but captures only the incision component. The SNOMED concept covers soft tissue at any site, aligning with \"unspecified site\" in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "128989009", "display" : "Incision and drainage of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's LAB.JB.AA captures drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; wider because the SNOMED \"trunk\" could include deeper structures beyond skin and subcutaneous, while ICHI's code is limited to the integumentary layer." }] }, { "code" : "128986002", "display" : "Incision and drainage of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.JB.AA is the closest match for drainage of the upper extremity at the integumentary level; wider because the SNOMED concept encompasses all tissues of the upper extremity, not just skin and subcutaneous, and there is no combined incision/drainage code." }] }, { "code" : "77202008", "display" : "Incision and exploration mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCG.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of mediastinum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the incision of the mediastinum precisely but does not encode the exploration component, making the ICHI code broader. No combined incision-and-exploration code exists for the mediastinum in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "5506006", "display" : "Incision and exploration of abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The PAL (abdominal wall) block contains no generic incision code — only PAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site), too specific. LZZ.FA.AA covers open incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual but does not capture the exploration component." }] }, { "code" : "81982004", "display" : "Incision and exploration of axilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no axilla-specific incision or exploration code; LZZ.AE.AA represents open exploration of skin and subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual and captures the exploration aspect but spans all body sites without singling out the axilla." }] }, { "code" : "21831008", "display" : "Incision and exploration of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.FA.AA captures the incision of the bronchus but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; no combined incision-and-exploration code exists for the bronchus in ICHI, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "112913008", "display" : "Incision and exploration of cul-de-sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cul-de-sac (pouch of Douglas) is a fold of pelvic peritoneum, and KMA.FA.AA covers incision of peritoneum broadly without specifying this sub-site; the SNOMED concept also adds \"exploration\" not captured in the ICHI title." }] }, { "code" : "82780000", "display" : "Incision and exploration of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.FA.AA covers open incision of the oesophagus, which is the primary operative component; the ICHI code does not specify the exploratory intent, making it slightly broader than the combined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67244001", "display" : "Incision and exploration of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.FA.AA covers incision of the lung parenchyma but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; ICHI has no dedicated incision-and-exploration of lung code, making it broader by capturing only the incision." }] }, { "code" : "82217009", "display" : "Incision and exploration of nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.FA.AA directly matches the incision component; however ICHI does not encode an exploration action for the nose, so the exploratory intent in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "112888005", "display" : "Incision and exploration of pineal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAB.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of pineal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has both Exploration (EAB.AE.AA) and Incision (EAB.FA.AA) of the pineal gland but no combined code; EAB.AE.AA is selected because exploration is the dominant clinical purpose, but it is wider as it does not capture the incision component." }] }, { "code" : "41004001", "display" : "Incision and exploration of pituitary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of pituitary fossa", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI offers Exploration of pituitary fossa (EAA.AE.AA) and a separate Incision of pituitary gland (EAA.FA.AA), but no single combined code; EAA.AE.AA is the closest match as it covers exploration but does not encode the incision component and refers to the fossa rather than the gland." }] }, { "code" : "51715005", "display" : "Incision and exploration of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.FA.AA captures the incision of the prostate, but ICHI does not have a combined incision-and-exploration code for the prostate; the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the exploration component, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "76568004", "display" : "Incision and exploration of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.FA.AA matches the incision of the salivary gland closely, but ICHI does not separately encode the exploratory component, making the ICHI code slightly broader by omitting that intent." }] }, { "code" : "112832001", "display" : "Incision and exploration of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AA", "display" : "Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AE.AA captures open exploration of skin, aligning well with the exploration intent; coded under the NEC block, making it slightly broader, and it encompasses subcutaneous tissue in addition to skin." }] }, { "code" : "91617003", "display" : "Incision and exploration of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the incision of the spleen but does not encode the exploration component that SNOMED specifies; the ICHI code therefore covers more procedures than just incision-for-exploration, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "41943000", "display" : "Incision and exploration of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Gastrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastrotomy (incision of the stomach) is the standard ICHI term covering incision of the stomach, but the code applies to any gastrotomy purpose, not exclusively to exploration, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies incision-and-exploration." }] }, { "code" : "73910002", "display" : "Incision and exploration of subdiaphragmatic space", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subdiaphragmatic space is an anatomical subdivision of the abdominal cavity, and exploratory laparotomy is the closest ICHI concept capturing surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity via incision; however, it is broader as it covers the entire abdominal cavity rather than the subdiaphragmatic space specifically." }] }, { "code" : "7541006", "display" : "Incision and exploration of testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes testicular incision together with the tunica vaginalis as a single combined procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the testis specifically, and does not separately encode the exploration intent." }] }, { "code" : "87829000", "display" : "Incision and exploration of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the incision component (FA = incision) but does not encode the exploration aspect of the procedure. The SNOMED concept is more specific in combining incision with exploratory intent, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1399002", "display" : "Incision and exploration of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Ureterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureterotomy covers the incision of the ureter (the dominant operative act), but ICHI does not encode the paired exploration. A separate exploration code exists (NAE.AE.AA) but it covers the periureteral area rather than an incision-based internal exploration, making the incision code the best single match at the cost of dropping the exploration component." }] }, { "code" : "17923005", "display" : "Incision and exploration of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Urethrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethrotomy (incision of urethra) is the closest ICHI code, capturing the incision axis (FA) on the urethra target (NAM), but no combined incision-and-exploration code exists in the ICHI urethra block." }] }, { "code" : "58101007", "display" : "Incision and exploration of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.FA.AA", "display" : "Cystotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cystotomy is the standard ICHI code for bladder incision and maps well to this procedure; the exploration component is not explicitly encoded in ICHI, and the separate exploration code (NAI.AE.AA) covers only perivesical tissue rather than intravesical exploration." }] }, { "code" : "86792003", "display" : "Incision and exploration of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.FA.AA", "display" : "Hysterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hysterotomy covers the incision of the uterus (FA action on NME target) but the exploration component is absent from ICHI; no combined incision-and-exploration code exists in the uterus block, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "55770002", "display" : "Incision and exploration of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.FA.AC", "display" : "Vaginotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.FA.AC (vaginotomy) captures the incision of the vagina but does not explicitly encode the exploration component; the SNOMED concept combines incision with exploration as a compound procedure, making the ICHI code somewhat broader in scope relative to the full procedure intent." }] }, { "code" : "44410008", "display" : "Incision and expression of conjunctival follicles", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.FA.AA covers incision of the conjunctiva in general, but does not encode the specific \"expression of follicles\" component that characterises this procedure (classically performed for trachoma); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "321137006", "display" : "Incision and probing of salivary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.FA.AA matches the incision of salivary duct component but does not encode the probing element; additionally, the ICHI target covers both gland and duct together, making the match broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the duct and the combined incision-and-probing action." }] }, { "code" : "27560000", "display" : "Incision of abdominal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers both abdominal and pelvic artery, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies only the abdominal artery; there is no more specific code limited to the abdominal artery alone. The action (incision / FA) and means (open / AA) are an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "11349001", "display" : "Incision of abscess of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"incision of abscess\" code for the lip; the closest functional equivalent is KAA.JB.AA (Drainage of lip), since incision of an abscess is performed to achieve drainage. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any drainage of the lip regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "446249007", "display" : "Incision of abscess of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes this procedure under drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, which is the anatomical layer where neck abscesses typically reside; incision for abscess drainage is functionally captured by this code, though the ICHI code is broader (head or neck, any drainage indication)." }] }, { "code" : "42156009", "display" : "Incision of abscess of sclera", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.FA.AA directly matches the procedure (incision of the sclera), but the ICHI code does not specify that the incision is performed to drain an abscess, making it slightly broader in scope. BCB.JB.AA (Drainage of sclera) was also considered, but BCB.FA.AA is a more literal match for the incision action described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "24600000", "display" : "Incision of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of anus and perianal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.FA.AA covers incision of both the anus and perianal tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the anus itself; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI match for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "107866007", "display" : "Incision of artery of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers arteries of any extremity (upper or lower limb), whereas ICA.FA.AA covers only upper limb and IFA.FA.AA only lower limb; IZA.FA.AA (incision of artery, NEC) is the best available catch-all, though it is broader in scope than a limb-specific artery concept." }] }, { "code" : "41825000", "display" : "Incision of Bartholin's cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.FA.AA", "display" : "Other incision of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to Bartholin's gland or cyst incision; NMI.FA.AA (other incision of vulva) is the closest anatomical match since the Bartholin's glands are located in the vulvar region, though it is broader as it encompasses any vulvar incision not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "7683005", "display" : "Incision of blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers incision of any blood vessel not classified elsewhere, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED concept. However, ICHI is technically wider because it carries the \"NEC\" qualifier, meaning more specific vessel-site codes (carotid, coronary, etc.) exist and take precedence — so this residual code is broader than the SNOMED concept when the latter is used without a specified site." }] }, { "code" : "37330003", "display" : "Incision of buccal space", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for incision of the buccal space (a fascial compartment of the cheek); the closest available code covers incision of the oral cavity NEC, which is a broader anatomical territory. The ICHI code therefore encompasses more than the targeted buccal space procedure." }] }, { "code" : "23175002", "display" : "Incision of bursa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated bursa-specific incision code; bursa codes in ICHI are extension codes (XA16K5) not assignable intervention codes. MRS.FA.AA (incision of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the closest structural match, but it is broader as it covers all soft tissue rather than bursa specifically." }] }, { "code" : "18278008", "display" : "Incision of cheek", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cheek-specific incision code; the skin/subcutaneous block for head or neck (BlockL5-LAA) lacks an incision code, and there is no oral/buccal mucosa incision code matching the cheek. LZZ.FA.AA is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any unspecified skin/subcutaneous site rather than the cheek specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446318000", "display" : "Incision of cyst of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the incision to the organ (ovary) without specifying the pathological target (cyst), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies the cyst as the structure being incised." }] }, { "code" : "438610008", "display" : "Incision of deep abscess of soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the incision of soft tissue but does not encode either the pathological target (abscess) or the depth qualifier (deep), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "66382004", "display" : "Incision of extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of extraocular muscles or tendons", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.FA.AA covers incision of both extraocular muscles and tendons, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies muscle only; the target (extraocular muscle), action (incision/FA), and approach (open/AA) all align well." }] }, { "code" : "112699005", "display" : "Incision of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no body-site-agnostic \"incision of fascia\" category; MRS.FA.AA is the closest available code, covering incision of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader in both tissue type (soft tissue, not specifically fascia) and site (unspecified vs. any fascia)." }] }, { "code" : "87633005", "display" : "Incision of fascia of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.FA.AA correctly specifies the hand target and incision action, but also encompasses finger and ligament, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to fascia of hand alone." }] }, { "code" : "27679006", "display" : "Incision of flank", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The flank is the lateral region of the trunk (between the lower ribs and iliac crest), which falls within the trunk territory covered by LAB. However, LAB.FA.AA encompasses the entire trunk skin and subcutaneous tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific flank location." }] }, { "code" : "88517004", "display" : "Incision of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the floor of mouth; the closest assignable code covers the oral cavity as a whole. KAZ.FA.AC is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" category that subsumes floor-of-mouth incisions but is anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "76038002", "display" : "Incision of gluteal skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for gluteal or buttock skin incision; the lower-limb skin block (LAG) contains no FA.AA incision code, and the gluteal region straddles the trunk-lower limb boundary. LZZ.FA.AA is the NEC skin incision code and is the best available fit, though it is anatomically unspecified and therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "119646000", "display" : "Incision of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's upper-limb skin block (LAE) does not include an FA.AA incision code, and the musculoskeletal hand block (MGL) covers ligament/fascia rather than general skin incision. LZZ.FA.AA is the only assignable general skin incision code and is broader than the SNOMED concept's hand-specific scope." }] }, { "code" : "69191006", "display" : "Incision of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes split intestinal incision into small intestine (KBK.FA.AA) and colotomy (KBP.FA.AA, large intestine); the SNOMED concept is non-specific as to which intestinal segment, so neither ICHI code fully covers it — KBK.FA.AA is selected as the best approximation but the SNOMED concept is broader than this single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "4820000", "display" : "Incision of labial frenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the labial frenum; the labial frenum is an oral cavity structure and KAZ.FA.AC is the residual \"incision of oral cavity, NEC\" code that serves as the best available container, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED target (labial frenum only)." }] }, { "code" : "2442008", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal canaliculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the lacrimal canaliculus as part of the lacrimal apparatus (confirmed by extension code XA6C35 for lacrimal canaliculi) but provides only one incision code at the level of the whole lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the canaliculus specifically." }] }, { "code" : "79278004", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal punctum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lacrimal punctum is part of the lacrimal apparatus, but ICHI only has a single incision code at the apparatus level; BAD.FA.AA covers the whole apparatus and is therefore broader than this punctum-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "359543003", "display" : "Incision of nasolacrimal duct for stricture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.FA.AA covers incision of the entire lacrimal apparatus and does not specify the nasolacrimal duct sub-site or the indication of stricture, making it broader than the more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "38192004", "display" : "Incision of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches on title, target (ovary), and action (incision), but does not specify approach; NMA.FA.AB exists for the laparoscopic variant, so the unspecified-approach code is broader than a SNOMED concept that may imply open technique." }] }, { "code" : "173496001", "display" : "Incision of parotid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No parotid-specific incision code exists in ICHI; the parotid gland is one of the salivary glands, so KAM.FA.AA is the closest match but covers all salivary glands rather than the parotid specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "274067001", "display" : "Incision of pilonidal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for incision of a pilonidal sinus; LAB.FA.AA covers incision of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk (which anatomically encompasses the sacrococcygeal/gluteal cleft region where pilonidal sinuses occur), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "7647001", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers incision of either the salivary gland or its duct, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to the gland itself; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "41447009", "display" : "Incision of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI always encodes skin incision combined with subcutaneous tissue and organises codes by body region; this NEC residual code covers incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue without a specified body region, which is broader than the SNOMED concept (skin only) and serves as the best available match for an unspecified-site skin incision." }] }, { "code" : "71965007", "display" : "Incision of skin of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code matches the trunk location exactly and uses the same incision action, but is broader because it covers both skin and subcutaneous cell tissue together, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies skin only." }] }, { "code" : "359570005", "display" : "Incision of spinal cord meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABC", "display" : "Interventions on spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"incision of spinal meninges\" category code — the block BlockL5-ABC covers all interventions on spinal meninges (biopsy, drainage, excision, repair, etc.) but no FA (incision) action exists for this target. Assigning the block as a wider match is the best available option given the confirmed absence of an assignable incision code." }] }, { "code" : "730005", "display" : "Incision of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match but is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than subcutaneous tissue alone, and the NEC qualifier signals it is a residual/unspecified-site code covering body locations not individually classified elsewhere in the LA blocks." }] }, { "code" : "173498000", "display" : "Incision of sublingual gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct (major or minor), while the SNOMED concept is specific to the sublingual gland only. The ICHI target axis encompasses all salivary glands, making it broader than this specific anatomical concept." }] }, { "code" : "173497005", "display" : "Incision of submandibular gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct, whereas the SNOMED concept targets only the submandibular (one of the three major salivary glands). The ICHI code is broader by encompassing all salivary glands and their ducts." }] }, { "code" : "33156000", "display" : "Incision of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes tendon-cutting actions by site, and the unspecified-site code MRT.FB.AA (division/tenotomy) is the closest procedural match to a generic tendon incision, but ICHI's \"division\" (FB action axis) may imply complete transection rather than a simple incision, and the SNOMED concept is not site-specific — making the ICHI code broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "58651001", "display" : "Incision of thenar space", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The thenar space is a specific fascial compartment of the palm, and incising it maps best to incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger (MGL.FA.AA), but this ICHI code is broader as it covers all fascial/ligamentous structures of the hand rather than the thenar space specifically." }] }, { "code" : "367408005", "display" : "Incision of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.FA.AA", "display" : "Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest ICHI code for a general incision of the thorax — thoracotomy literally means incision into the thoracic cavity. However, the ICHI code sits within the \"Interventions on thoracic cavity\" block and its \"NEC\" qualifier makes it slightly broader than a plain incision of thorax, which could also refer to the chest wall; no chest wall incision code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "73610000", "display" : "Incision of tonsil", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of tonsil or peritonsillar structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers both incision of the tonsil and incision of peritonsillar structures (e.g., peritonsillar abscess drainage), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to incision of the tonsil itself." }] }, { "code" : "360820005", "display" : "Incision of urethral stricture with laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Urethrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy) represents open incision of the urethra and captures the procedure type, but the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the operative means — a clinically important distinction — and ICHI has no separate laser-specific urethrotomy code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "193505000", "display" : "Incision of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for incision of the uvula; the closest available code targets the soft palate as a whole (of which the uvula is a part), making it anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441552002", "display" : "Incision of vein using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.FA.AA captures the correct target (vein) and action (incision) but is broader in two dimensions: it does not specify a body site, and it does not encode the ultrasound guidance means (BJ) that is definitional to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "33782002", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of cranial nerve or ganglion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.AD.AA covers biopsy of the cranial nerve but also includes ganglion, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the cranial nerve itself. ICHI does not distinguish incisional (open) from other biopsy approaches at this level; the AA means code (open) aligns with the incisional technique, so this is the closest available code." }] }, { "code" : "234899002", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of lesion of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the floor of mouth as a target; the best available code covers the oral cavity NEC, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific anatomical site (floor of mouth) and lesion focus. The AC means (without incision/endoscopic) does not fully capture the incisional technique, further reducing precision." }] }, { "code" : "282367003", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of lesion of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Biopsy of lip\" (action axis AD) covers biopsy of the lip broadly without distinguishing incisional from other biopsy techniques, and does not restrict to a lesion specifically — making it broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the incisional method and a lesion target." }] }, { "code" : "282369000", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of lesion of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates the palate into hard palate (KAT.AD.AA) and soft palate (KAS.AD.AC) with no single unspecified-palate biopsy code; the fallback NEC code for the oral cavity is the best available match but is substantially broader, covering the entire oral cavity rather than the palate specifically." }] }, { "code" : "282365006", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of lesion of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Biopsy of tongue\" matches the anatomical target precisely, but the action axis AD represents biopsy in general without distinguishing incisional technique, and the lesion specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "445462001", "display" : "Incisional biopsy of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified\" matches the procedure and anatomical target, but covers biopsy of any unspecified lymph node without specifying incisional technique; site-specific lymph node biopsy codes (cervical, axillary, etc.) exist if the location is known." }] }, { "code" : "74184007", "display" : "Incisional discission of lens capsule, initial", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Capsulotomy (BBF.FA.AA) covers incision of the lens capsule as a general procedure, which aligns well with incisional discission of lens capsule; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the incisional/discission technique or the \"initial\" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "436681000124105", "display" : "Increased carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to carbohydrate-modified diets; \"Prescription of food\" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the closest match as it represents the clinical act of prescribing a particular food/dietary regimen, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a high-carbohydrate dietary prescription." }] }, { "code" : "1148495004", "display" : "Increased complex carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the parent concept, ICHI has no code for a complex carbohydrate-specific diet; \"Prescription of food\" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is considerably broader and does not capture the specificity of complex carbohydrates versus simple carbohydrates." }] }, { "code" : "436721000124103", "display" : "Increased energy diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An increased energy (high-calorie) diet is a specific dietary prescription with no dedicated ICHI code; \"Prescription of food\" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the best available match, representing the broader clinical act of prescribing a dietary regimen without the energy-content specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1055203007", "display" : "Increased fat and oil diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for a high-fat/oil dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing a specific eating behaviour pattern, which is the closest clinical intervention concept, but it is broader as it encompasses any eating behaviour prescription, not fat/oil intake specifically." }] }, { "code" : "439071000124106", "display" : "Increased fluid diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for prescribing increased fluid intake; the SMG (Drinking) block contains assessment and training codes but no prescription code for fluid intake, while VEA.TI.ZZ represents prescribing an eating/drinking behaviour pattern and is the best available fit, though broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1142126006", "display" : "Increased linoleic acid diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for prescribing a specific fatty acid (linoleic acid) diet; VEA.TI.ZZ is the best available match as it captures the clinical act of prescribing a specific eating behaviour, but it is substantially broader and does not encode the specific nutrient target." }] }, { "code" : "1156443007", "display" : "Increased plant fiber diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a plant-fibre-specific dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ represents the general act of prescribing an eating behaviour change, which subsumes the concept of prescribing a high-fibre diet but at a much coarser level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "1055200005", "display" : "Increased protein and/or protein derivative diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a high-protein dietary prescription; VEA.TI.ZZ is the best fit as it captures the prescribing of an eating behaviour regimen, though it is broader and does not distinguish between the type of macronutrient being increased." }] }, { "code" : "1148497007", "display" : "Increased simple carbohydrate diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Prescription of food\" covers the act of prescribing a dietary regimen, which encompasses a high-carbohydrate diet prescription, but is broader in that it applies to any food prescription, not specifically simple carbohydrates. No more specific ICHI code for carbohydrate-specific dietary prescriptions exists." }] }, { "code" : "763779006", "display" : "Increasing dosage of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" is the closest available concept covering medication management decisions, but it is broader — it covers any act of prescribing pharmacotherapy and does not specifically encode the action of increasing (titrating up) an existing dose. No ICHI code for dose adjustment or titration exists." }] }, { "code" : "702541004", "display" : "Incretin mimetic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incretin mimetics (GLP-1 receptor agonists/DPP-4 inhibitors) are a pharmacotherapy class; the best ICHI approximation is administration of pharmacotherapy at an unspecified route, but ICHI has no code specific to incretin-class agents or diabetes pharmacotherapy, making this a broad approximation." }] }, { "code" : "736695003", "display" : "Incretin mimetic therapy management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Management\" of incretin mimetic therapy implies ongoing clinical oversight and prescribing decisions; \"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" is the closest ICHI concept covering the prescribing/management dimension, but is far broader and not specific to incretin agents or diabetes care." }] }, { "code" : "4758006", "display" : "Incudostapediopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incudostapediopexy is a specific ossicular chain repair procedure in which the incus is fixed to the stapes; ICHI's \"Ossicular chain reconstruction\" (block: Interventions on ossicles of ear) is the correct structural category but broader, covering all types of ossicular reconstruction rather than this specific incudo-stapedial fixation technique." }] }, { "code" : "15883007", "display" : "Incudostapediopexy with incus replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incudostapediopexy with incus replacement is a specific type of ossicular chain reconstruction involving refixation of the incus onto the stapes with prosthetic incus replacement; CBF.ML.AC captures the broader class of ossicular reconstruction procedures and is the closest available ICHI code in the ossicles-of-ear block. No ICHI code exists for this specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "6745008", "display" : "Indirect laryngoscopy with removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies the indirect (mirror-based) approach for laryngoscopy with foreign body removal, whereas JAN.JD.AD covers endoscopic foreign body removal from the larynx more broadly and does not distinguish indirect mirror laryngoscopy from other endoscopic techniques." }] }, { "code" : "1290925004", "display" : "Indirect surgical corneal neurotization using sural nerve graft to contralateral supratrochlear nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Corneal neurotization via sural nerve graft to the contralateral supratrochlear nerve is a highly specific peripheral nerve grafting procedure to restore corneal sensation; the closest structural match in ICHI is ACA.ML.AA (Peripheral nerve graft), which covers the general class without specificity to donor/recipient nerves, the indirect technique, or the corneal target." }] }, { "code" : "241410007", "display" : "Indium-111 granulocyte study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for radiolabelled granulocyte (white cell) scintigraphy; the closest available code is the whole-body radioisotope scan, which is broader because it covers any radioisotope tracer and any indication, whereas the SNOMED concept describes Indium-111 labelled granulocyte study used for infection/inflammation localisation." }] }, { "code" : "1255638000", "display" : "Individual consultation with midwife", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specifically representing a clinical consultation by or with a midwife; the closest structural match is the whole-person health management encounter category, which is broader as it does not specify the clinician type, individual nature, or maternity context." }] }, { "code" : "18512000", "display" : "Individual psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI structures psychotherapy codes by target rather than by delivery format (individual vs group); AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best umbrella match, broader in not being restricted to individual delivery and simultaneously narrower in specifying mental functions as the target." }] }, { "code" : "385876007", "display" : "Individual safety assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's safety assessment code sits within the health-related behaviours chapter and focuses on safety-related behaviours, whereas the SNOMED concept \"individual safety assessment\" is broader in clinical use (fall risk, self-harm, environmental hazard, general personal safety). The ICHI code is the closest match available." }] }, { "code" : "385878008", "display" : "Individual safety education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VC1.PM.ZZ covers education directed at safety-related behaviours broadly, which encompasses individual safety education, but the ICHI code does not specify that the education is delivered to an individual rather than a group." }] }, { "code" : "52660002", "display" : "Induced termination of pregnancy following intra-amniotic injection with hysterotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JE.AA", "display" : "Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JE.AA covers termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy, which matches the hysterotomy component, but the ICHI code does not capture the additional specificity of a preceding intra-amniotic injection as the method of induction." }] }, { "code" : "308693008", "display" : "Induction of hypothermia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SE.ZZ covers deliberate reduction of central body temperature by any means, which encompasses therapeutic hypothermia induction, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the intent of induction and includes cooling for any purpose." }] }, { "code" : "228644005", "display" : "Industrial therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Industrial therapy is a specific form of work-based rehabilitation that uses productive activity and employment tasks therapeutically; the ICHI code is broader, covering general vocational reintegration training rather than the therapeutic/occupational-rehabilitation-specific framing." }] }, { "code" : "15376006", "display" : "Infant development screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.AA.ZZ covers assessment of growth and development broadly across all ages and does not specify the infant age group or the screening-programme modality; it is wider than a concept specifically denoting infant developmental screening." }] }, { "code" : "386461003", "display" : "Infant nutrition education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at eating behaviours generally and is the closest ICHI category, but it does not restrict to infants or to nutritional content specifically; the breastfeeding-specific VEH.PM.ZZ is too narrow, making VEA.PM.ZZ the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "63994009", "display" : "Infection prevention education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VED.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence hygiene behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Infection prevention education\" is delivered primarily through hygiene behaviour education in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers all hygiene behaviour education without being restricted to infection prevention as a clinical purpose." }] }, { "code" : "243790003", "display" : "Infection screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for infection screening; population public health surveillance is the closest match, encompassing surveillance and screening activities at population level. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all types of surveillance beyond infection-specific screening." }] }, { "code" : "170502008", "display" : "Infection surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated infectious disease surveillance code; population public health surveillance is the closest structural match, covering systematic monitoring of population health states. The ICHI code is broader as it applies to all public health surveillance topics." }] }, { "code" : "231698008", "display" : "Inferior oblique Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Faden procedure (posterior fixation suture) involves suturing an extraocular muscle to the sclera to restrict its field of action, a form of fixation of an ocular muscle. BDA.LC.AA is the only ICHI code covering this technique but is broader as it does not specify the inferior oblique muscle, the posterior fixation approach, or the Faden name." }] }, { "code" : "231679006", "display" : "Inferior rectus Faden", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.LC.AA", "display" : "Fixation of ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the inferior oblique Faden, this is a posterior fixation suture procedure applied to the inferior rectus muscle; BDA.LC.AA covers fixation of ocular muscles generically but does not differentiate by muscle or technique." }] }, { "code" : "854571000000100", "display" : "Inflation of breast tissue expander", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.SN.AE covers management (including adjustment/inflation) of any internal breast device via percutaneous approach, which aligns procedurally with inflating a tissue expander; however, it is broader because it encompasses all types of breast device management rather than being specific to tissue expander inflation." }] }, { "code" : "449147001", "display" : "Infracoccygeal hysteropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Infracoccygeal hysteropexy (posterior IVS) is a specific transvaginal technique for uterine suspension using a mesh/tape passed via the infracoccygeal route; NME.LC.AA is the correct anatomical category but broader, covering all approaches. The more specific NME.LC.AC targets the uterosacral ligament rather than the sacrospinous/infracoccygeal route." }] }, { "code" : "278732002", "display" : "Infraorbital incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an infraorbital incision; the best available code covers incision of skin and subcutaneous tissue without topographic specification, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the infraorbital region specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1287908002", "display" : "Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Infrared photocoagulation is a thermal destruction technique applied to a skin lesion of the head; ICHI's destruction code captures the destructive action and the head/neck body region but is broader because it does not specify the infrared modality, conflates head and neck, and is not lesion-specific." }] }, { "code" : "1287909005", "display" : "Infrared photocoagulation of lesion of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Infrared photocoagulation of a neck skin lesion maps to the same ICHI destruction code for head or neck skin, which is broader because it spans both head and neck, omits the infrared instrument specification, and is not lesion-specific." }] }, { "code" : "252462002", "display" : "Infrared thermometry", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Infrared thermometry is a specific non-contact technique for measuring body temperature; the ICHI code covers all methods of body temperature measurement without specifying the infrared approach." }] }, { "code" : "385751004", "display" : "Infusion care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Infusion care assessment\" is a specific nursing assessment of a patient receiving IV infusion therapy, whereas PZB.AA.ZZ is a broad general health assessment of the whole person. ICHI has no code specifically for assessment of infusion care status, making this the closest available code at the cost of significant generality." }] }, { "code" : "38216008", "display" : "Infusion chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AF covers intravenous (percutaneous transluminal) delivery of pharmacotherapy to the whole body, which aligns with the IV route of infusion chemotherapy, but the ICHI code is not specific to antineoplastic agents or malignant disease — it covers any drug administered by this route." }] }, { "code" : "1332482003", "display" : "Infusion of arsenic trioxide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a cytotoxic/antineoplastic agent delivered intravenously (percutaneous transluminal route), so PZA.DB.AF captures the administration method and the broad pharmacotherapy category, but lacks specificity to this particular drug or its oncological indication." }] }, { "code" : "409559006", "display" : "Infusion of botulism antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Botulism antitoxin is an immunological agent (antitoxin/antibody preparation) administered intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF the best match; however, the ICHI code covers all immunological agents given IV and does not distinguish antitoxins from other immunological products or their indication." }] }, { "code" : "879914006", "display" : "Infusion of donor leukocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for donor leukocyte infusion (a form of adoptive immunotherapy). The closest is DIA.DG.AF (Transfusion of blood or blood products), which sits within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system block and covers infusion of cellular blood components including leukocytes, but is broader as it encompasses all blood and blood product transfusions." }] }, { "code" : "50060131000188104", "display" : "Infusion of epinephrine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to epinephrine (adrenaline) infusion, nor any dedicated catecholamine/vasopressor administration code. PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match under the general pharmacotherapy administration cluster; it is broader as it covers any drug by any route rather than specifically intravenous epinephrine." }] }, { "code" : "50060141000188106", "display" : "Infusion of norepinephrine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with epinephrine, ICHI contains no dedicated code for norepinephrine (noradrenaline) infusion. PZA.DB.AZ represents the closest available category under the general pharmacotherapy administration block, and is broader as it is not specific to any agent or intravenous route." }] }, { "code" : "1156750005", "display" : "Infusion of plasma substitute", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for plasma substitutes (colloids/volume expanders such as albumin, dextran, gelatins). DIA.DG.AF is the closest match within the blood interventions block; however it is broader as it encompasses all blood and blood product transfusions, not just plasma substitutes." }] }, { "code" : "440372004", "display" : "Infusion of stem cells into cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.KD.AF", "display" : "Bone marrow or stem cell transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing the specific combination of intraarterial stem cell delivery into the cerebral artery with fluoroscopic guidance. DGA.KD.AF is the closest available code, capturing the stem cell transplant action, but it is broader as it does not encode the route, technique, or target organ specificity." }] }, { "code" : "295761005", "display" : "Infusion of steroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no steroid-specific or corticosteroid infusion code; PZA.DB.AZ is the closest general pharmacotherapy administration code under the \"whole body\" interventions block, but it is broader in that it covers any drug by any route rather than specifically steroids by intravenous infusion." }] }, { "code" : "384699002", "display" : "Infusion of tetanus antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tetanus antitoxin is an immunological agent (passive immunotherapy), and the intravenous route matches infusion; however, the ICHI code covers any immunological agent administered IV, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies tetanus antitoxin in particular." }] }, { "code" : "449365007", "display" : "Infusion of vancomycin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no antibiotic-specific or vancomycin infusion code; PZA.DB.AZ is the most applicable general pharmacotherapy administration category, but it is broader in both the drug class (any pharmacotherapy) and the unspecified route compared to the SNOMED concept specifying vancomycin IV infusion." }] }, { "code" : "120208006", "display" : "Inguinal region destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAM", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal wall, inguinal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified destructive procedure of the inguinal region, but ICHI's only inguinal-region codes under PAM are limited to hernia repair; the sole inguinal destructive code in ICHI (DFM.GA.BA) is specific to inguinal lymph node destruction by radiotherapy and would be too narrow. The PAM block is therefore the closest higher-level grouping covering inguinal region interventions." }] }, { "code" : "120197000", "display" : "Inguinal region excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAM", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal wall, inguinal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"excision of the inguinal region\" code — the only inguinal excision codes within the PAM block are specific to inguinal hernia repair or inguinal lymph node excision. The inguinal block BlockL5-PAM is the broadest applicable container; the SNOMED concept is a high-level category that does not specify a target tissue, making a block-level assignment appropriate with a wider equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "385855002", "display" : "Inhalation therapy education", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.PM.ZZ covers patient education relating to respiration function broadly, which is the closest ICHI match to educating a patient about inhalation therapy. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all respiration-function education rather than being specific to the inhalation-route therapeutic technique." }] }, { "code" : "241708009", "display" : "Inhalational sedation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AC", "display" : "Inhalational anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DC.AC covers inhalational anaesthesia broadly, which encompasses the inhalational route for sedation; however, it does not distinguish sedation (a lesser depth of consciousness suppression) from full anaesthesia, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "57274006", "display" : "Initial hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generally and includes haemodialysis, but does not distinguish initial/first-session dialysis from ongoing dialysis sessions, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "185539000", "display" : "Initial patient \"call\"", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for an initial telephone contact/call with a patient. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available code under \"Interventions on whole person,\" but it is broader, covering any unspecified health encounter rather than specifically an initial telephone call." }] }, { "code" : "165171009", "display" : "Initial psychiatric evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to a psychiatric evaluation or mental health assessment per se. AT2.AA.ZZ is the best fit, covering comprehensive assessment of overarching mental function domains, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a structured psychiatric evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "385789009", "display" : "Injection administration assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications) covers evaluation relating to medications in general, which is the closest match to assessing injection administration. It is broader, as the SNOMED concept specifically refers to assessing the process of administering an injection, whereas the ICHI code covers medication assessment more generally." }] }, { "code" : "178765006", "display" : "Injection into paraspinal area", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The paraspinal area consists primarily of the paraspinal muscles adjacent to the spine; ICHI has no specific paraspinal or vertebral-region muscle injection code, so MRM.DB.AE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any muscle site, not specifically the paraspinal region." }] }, { "code" : "1285265006", "display" : "Injection into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AE is the only generic subcutaneous injection code in ICHI and captures the target tissue correctly; it is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue together under an unspecified-site residual category, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies subcutaneous tissue only." }] }, { "code" : "288045002", "display" : "Injection of amnion for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection or infusion into amnion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.DB.AE correctly captures injection into the amnion (intra-amniotic injection) as the procedure target and route; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the clinical purpose is termination of pregnancy — it covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "1287987005", "display" : "Injection of amniotic fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection or infusion into amnion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.DB.AE covers injection or infusion into the amnion (amniotic sac), which is the anatomically correct target for injecting amniotic fluid; however, the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any injectate and also includes infusion, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies amniotic fluid as the substance injected." }] }, { "code" : "11055001", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into facial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The facial nerve (CN VII) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is the correct structural match; the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any cranial nerve, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the facial nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "736344006", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into ganglion impar", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ganglion impar is the unpaired coccygeal sympathetic ganglion; ICHI has anesthetic injection codes for named sympathetic nerve segments (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) but no specific code for ganglion impar, making the generic peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection code the closest available match, though it is broader and less precise." }] }, { "code" : "62418006", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into spinal accessory nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) is classified as a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is the structurally correct ICHI category; the code is wider because it encompasses any cranial nerve rather than the spinal accessory nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "21879001", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into stellate ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADB.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cervical sympathetic nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The stellate ganglion is the inferior cervical (stellate) ganglion, part of the cervical sympathetic chain, so ADB.DC.AE covers the correct action (anaesthetic injection) and region (cervical sympathetic), but the ICHI code applies to the broader cervical sympathetic nerve rather than the specific stellate ganglion structure." }] }, { "code" : "43066008", "display" : "Injection of anesthetic agent into trigeminal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE captures the correct action and class of structure, but the ICHI code covers all cranial nerves rather than the trigeminal nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "448192003", "display" : "Injection of autologous blood into tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRT.DB.AE captures the injection action and the tendon target, matching the structural basis of the procedure; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the injected substance (autologous blood) and leaves the site unspecified, whereas the SNOMED concept implies any tendon site with a defined substance." }] }, { "code" : "447366001", "display" : "Injection of autologous whole blood into spinal epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DB.AE captures injection into the spinal canal generally, which encompasses the epidural space, but it does not specify the epidural compartment in particular, nor does it specify the substance as autologous whole blood. ICHI is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "870259003", "display" : "Injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DGA.DB.AE matches the target site (bone marrow) and the action (injection), but it does not capture the specific substance (bone marrow aspirate concentrate) being injected nor does it encode the autologous/concentrate nature of the material, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "745648008", "display" : "Injection of cytotoxic substance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the delivery of pharmacotherapy by the percutaneous (injection) route at a whole-body/unspecified-topography level, which subsumes cytotoxic injection but does not capture the cytotoxic nature of the substance; PZA.DB.AE is broader because it covers any pharmacotherapy given percutaneously, not only cytotoxic agents." }] }, { "code" : "1217591002", "display" : "Injection of drug or medicament", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy with no specified route, which best matches this unspecified-route SNOMED concept; it is wider because it applies to any pharmacotherapy, not only drugs given by injection, but it is a better fit than the percutaneous-specific code since the SNOMED concept does not specify the injection route either." }] }, { "code" : "180191005", "display" : "Injection of gamma globulin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) is an immunological agent, and the typical administration route is intravenous; however, DTB.DB.AF covers any immunological agent given intravenously, making it broader than the specific gamma globulin SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231778007", "display" : "Injection of gas/air into vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE precisely targets the vitreous body as the anatomical site of injection, matching the SNOMED concept's location; however, ICHI does not specify the substance (gas/air) in the title, making the ICHI code wider in that it would encompass any agent injected into the vitreous body." }] }, { "code" : "70763004", "display" : "Injection of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated ligament injection code; MRS.DB.AE covers injection into soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than ligament specifically. Ligaments are a subset of soft tissue, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "433217002", "display" : "Injection of nerve root of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal nerve without specifying the spinal level or imaging guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to lumbar nerve root with fluoroscopic guidance. No ICHI code encodes level-specific nerve root injection or fluoroscopic means for this target." }] }, { "code" : "431552004", "display" : "Injection of nerve root of sacral spine using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the lumbar concept, ABN.DB.AE is the best available match for sacral nerve root injection but is broader, covering all spinal nerve injections without specifying sacral level or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "231373000", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to abdominal cutaneous nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous destructive intent of a neurolytic injection to a peripheral nerve, but does not distinguish the specific abdominal cutaneous nerve target — the ICHI code covers any peripheral nerve, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231374006", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to anococcygeal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The neurolytic injection to the anococcygeal nerve is a chemical nerve destruction procedure, well matched by the percutaneous destruction action; however, ICHI does not identify the anococcygeal nerve specifically as a target within this code, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "231368006", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve by extraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous chemical destruction of a peripheral nerve but does not encode the specific infraorbital nerve target nor the extraoral approach distinction, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231367001", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to infraorbital nerve by intraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept is semantically identical to 231368006 except for the intraoral approach, which ICHI also does not distinguish; both map to the same peripheral nerve destruction code, which is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve and does not encode approach route." }] }, { "code" : "699791002", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to intercostal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A neurolytic intercostal nerve block is a chemical percutaneous nerve destruction procedure; ICHI does not provide a specific intercostal nerve target within the base code, so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231371003", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve by extraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mental nerve is the terminal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), so cranial nerve interventions is the correct target axis. AAN.GA.AE captures both the destructive/neurolytic intent and the extraoral percutaneous approach, but is broader because it covers any cranial nerve rather than specifically the mental nerve." }] }, { "code" : "231370002", "display" : "Injection of neurolytic substance to mental nerve by intraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intraoral approach corresponds to an open (non-percutaneous) access route, making AAN.GA.AA (open destruction of cranial nerve) the closest match over the percutaneous variant. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve and does not distinguish the specific substance (neurolytic) or the intraoral access route." }] }, { "code" : "64723006", "display" : "Injection of recurrent laryngeal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into a peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the recurrent laryngeal nerve; the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus (cranial nerve X) but is typically classified anatomically as a peripheral nerve in procedural contexts. ACA.DB.AE covers injection into any peripheral nerve and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the recurrent laryngeal nerve." }] }, { "code" : "231779004", "display" : "Injection of silicone oil into vitreous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE precisely matches the anatomical target (vitreous body) and the action (injection), but the ICHI code does not specify the injected substance (silicone oil); the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying silicone oil as the agent, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "51898002", "display" : "Injection of spinal epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes at the level of the spinal canal as a whole rather than the epidural space specifically — the epidural space is a sub-compartment of the spinal canal, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the epidural compartment." }] }, { "code" : "33632000", "display" : "Injection of spinal saline", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the anatomical target (spinal canal) but does not encode the substance (saline) as a distinguishing element in its code structure; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers injection of any substance into the spinal canal, not saline specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410572008", "display" : "Injection of steroid via intravitreal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCD.DB.AE captures the intravitreal route and injection into the vitreous body precisely, but does not specify the substance (steroid/corticosteroid), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is substance-specific." }] }, { "code" : "71015001", "display" : "Injection of superior laryngeal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), so AAN.DC.AE is the closest structural match; however, it is broader because it covers any cranial nerve and specifies anaesthetic, whereas the SNOMED concept targets a specific nerve branch without constraining the injected substance." }] }, { "code" : "225391007", "display" : "Injury assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"injury assessment\" code; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest broader match but covers all types of health evaluation, not just injury-specific assessment." }] }, { "code" : "120143000", "display" : "Inner ear closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for closure of the inner ear; CCA.MK.AA (repair of inner ear, open approach) is the closest structural match, though repair is broader and encompasses all reconstructive interventions on the inner ear." }] }, { "code" : "275845007", "display" : "Inoculating against infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "VD", "display" : "Vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VD covers immunization/inoculation against infection, but it is an action-axis value rather than a specific assignable category code and slightly broader than the SNOMED term, which could also encompass non-vaccine biological inoculations." }] }, { "code" : "394656005", "display" : "Inpatient care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for inpatient or hospital-based care specifically; UEP.RG.ZZ covers delivery of any health service and is therefore considerably broader than inpatient care in particular." }] }, { "code" : "737481003", "display" : "Inpatient care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category captures hospital-based care coordination or management; UEP.RG.ZZ is the nearest available code representing health-service delivery but is far broader and does not distinguish inpatient or encode the management dimension." }] }, { "code" : "172362001", "display" : "Insertion of adjustable suture into muscle of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of an adjustable suture into an extraocular muscle is a specific strabismus surgical technique within the broader category of extraocular muscle repair; BDA.MK.AA does not capture the adjustable-suture technique but is the closest available ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "57761001", "display" : "Insertion of Allen-Brown cannula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Allen-Brown cannula is a specific arteriovenous cannula used for vascular access (primarily haemodialysis); IZD.DL.AA is the residual NEC venous device-insertion code and is the best available match, though broader and not capturing the arteriovenous device-specific nature." }] }, { "code" : "312368002", "display" : "Insertion of antireflux prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An antireflux prosthesis (e.g., LINX device or oesophageal sphincter augmentation implant) is placed at the lower oesophagus; KBA.DL.AC covers device insertion into the oesophagus but does not specify the antireflux function or prosthetic nature." }] }, { "code" : "1217436006", "display" : "Insertion of arterial catheter into peripheral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the percutaneous approach, device insertion, and arterial target via the NEC residual code because no peripheral-specific artery DL code exists; \"device\" is broader than a monitoring/access catheter." }] }, { "code" : "233404000", "display" : "Insertion of arterial stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept does not specify which artery, so the NEC residual code is the closest available; ICHI's LH action bundles balloon dilatation with stent insertion, making it broader than simple stent placement alone." }] }, { "code" : "236972000", "display" : "Insertion of balloon catheter into uterine cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DL.AC captures insertion of a device into the uterus via transvaginal route, which aligns with the procedure, but is broader because it does not specify a balloon catheter or the uterine cavity as the precise target." }] }, { "code" : "725935003", "display" : "Insertion of biodegradable subacromial spacer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subacromial spacer is implanted into the shoulder joint space; MDJ.DN.AA is the best anatomical match but is broader, not specifying the subacromial location, the biodegradable nature, or the spacer function." }] }, { "code" : "34779000", "display" : "Insertion of bone peg in femoral neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a bone peg procedure; MLB.DN.AA is the closest anatomical match (femoral neck is part of the femur) but is broader, not specifying the bone peg device or femoral-neck sub-location." }] }, { "code" : "232160007", "display" : "Insertion of bone pins for aural prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bone pins for an aural prosthesis (e.g., bone-anchored hearing aid retainer) are surgically inserted into the skull/temporal bone; MAA.DN.AA covers device implantation into the skull but is broader and does not specify the temporal-bone sub-site, pin device, or prosthesis-anchoring purpose." }] }, { "code" : "54356007", "display" : "Insertion of carotid pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into carotid artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A carotid pacemaker (baroreceptor/carotid sinus stimulator) is implanted at the carotid artery; IBB.DL.AA is the best available match but is broader, not specifying that the device is a stimulator targeting the baroreceptors for blood-pressure modulation." }] }, { "code" : "735414004", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into peripheral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into an unspecified vein, which is broader than the SNOMED specificity of a catheter into a peripheral vein; no dedicated ICHI code distinguishes peripheral from central venous access." }] }, { "code" : "84845008", "display" : "Insertion of catheter into superior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIB.DL.AF precisely targets the superior vena cava with device insertion, matching the anatomical site and action, but specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic, and \"device\" is broader than catheter." }] }, { "code" : "225257005", "display" : "Insertion of cervical cap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cervical cap is a vaginal barrier device placed against the cervix; NMH.DL.AC is the closest available code but is broader, covering any vaginal device, and ICHI has no dedicated code for cervical cap or diaphragm insertion." }] }, { "code" : "180272001", "display" : "Insertion of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specific to inserting a CAPD catheter, while KMA.DN.AE covers any percutaneous implantation of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1231173002", "display" : "Insertion of complete fixed orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth and is the best available code in the ICHI teeth-interventions block; broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a complete fixed orthodontic appliance." }] }, { "code" : "173555001", "display" : "Insertion of copper wire into cheek", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cheek falls within the head/neck skin and subcutaneous tissue region; LAA.DL.AA is the best match but broader, covering any device in any head or neck subcutaneous site without distinguishing the specific material (copper wire) or precise target (cheek/buccal tissue)." }] }, { "code" : "14117005", "display" : "Insertion of Crosby-Cooney button into abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Crosby-Cooney button is a low-profile gastrostomy device inserted into the stomach through the abdominal wall; KBF.DL.AC aligns well anatomically and procedurally but is broader, covering any stomach device without specifying the gastrostomy-button approach." }] }, { "code" : "56816001", "display" : "Insertion of Davidson button into abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Davidson button is a specific abdominal drain/tube device inserted into the peritoneal cavity; KMA.DN.AA is the best structural match but broader, not specifying the device type or drainage function." }] }, { "code" : "716629007", "display" : "Insertion of deep brain electrical stimulation system lead into brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.DL.AA matches the action and target, but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the device type (deep brain stimulation lead) and therapeutic purpose; ICHI has no dedicated DBS-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "1285052006", "display" : "Insertion of dental bridge onto tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the closest ICHI code for fixed prosthetic dental work; a dental bridge is a form of tooth restoration, but the ICHI code is broader and does not distinguish bridge placement from other restorative procedures such as fillings or crowns." }] }, { "code" : "1370950008", "display" : "Insertion of device into cardiovascular system", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering any device insertion in the cardiovascular system; IZE.DL.AF is the closest NEC code for vascular device insertion but is restricted to percutaneous transluminal approach and blood vessels (excluding cardiac chambers), so SNOMED is wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "56570009", "display" : "Insertion of diaphragm into vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about a contraceptive diaphragm; no ICHI category specifically for contraceptive diaphragm insertion exists." }] }, { "code" : "439005000", "display" : "Insertion of distraction device into posterior lumbar spinous process", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.DN.AA captures device implantation into the lumbar spine generally; broader than the SNOMED specificity of a distraction device placed at the posterior lumbar spinous process." }] }, { "code" : "432105003", "display" : "Insertion of drain into biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JB.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JB.AF covers percutaneous drainage of the bile duct, the principal structure drained; \"biliary tract\" in SNOMED is broader than \"bile duct,\" and the fluoroscopic guidance modality is not captured in the ICHI means axis." }] }, { "code" : "447388001", "display" : "Insertion of drain into pericardium using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JB.AE", "display" : "Pericardiocentesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pericardiocentesis is the standard ICHI code for percutaneous drainage of pericardial fluid, matching target and action well; the fluoroscopic guidance detail is not encoded in the ICHI means axis." }] }, { "code" : "431618007", "display" : "Insertion of drain into thorax using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity is the closest ICHI equivalent for a thoracic drain, as the pleural space is the typical anatomical target; \"thorax\" is broader than \"pleural cavity,\" and ultrasound guidance is not captured in the ICHI means axis." }] }, { "code" : "1287986001", "display" : "Insertion of endosponge into rectum using colonoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly captures insertion of a device into the rectum but does not specify the endosponge (a wound-therapy vacuum sponge device) nor the colonoscopic approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429161001", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube using laryngoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the core procedure — inserting an endotracheal tube into the trachea — but does not encode the specific means (laryngoscope), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the laryngoscopic approach." }] }, { "code" : "71010006", "display" : "Insertion of filling material under skin for filling of defect", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.LK.AA", "display" : "Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes injecting filling material (e.g., a dermal filler) into the subcutaneous space to correct a defect — which maps best to subcutaneous augmentation in ICHI; LZZ.LK.AA is used because the body region is unspecified, but the ICHI code covers any augmentation of subcutaneous tissue rather than specifically filling materials injected for defect correction, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1285645005", "display" : "Insertion of fixed functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated orthodontic appliance category; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code under the teeth block, but it encompasses all dental devices and does not distinguish fixed, functional, or orthodontic appliances, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1264039001", "display" : "Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance onto mandibular teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the parent concept, ICHI lacks orthodontic-specific codes; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match for applying a device to teeth, but it does not capture the fixed orthodontic nature of the appliance nor the mandibular jaw specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1264038009", "display" : "Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance onto maxillary teeth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same rationale as the mandibular concept; ICHI's KAE.LC.AC covers dental device application generically without distinguishing orthodontic appliance type or whether the target is maxillary versus mandibular teeth." }] }, { "code" : "20794002", "display" : "Insertion of gastric balloon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device in stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gastric (intragastric) balloon is placed endoscopically into the stomach, which matches the target (stomach), action (device insertion), and means (endoscopic) of KBF.DL.AD; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific device type (balloon vs. other devices), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "737578005", "display" : "Insertion of gastrointestinal tonometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gastrointestinal tonometer is a monitoring device inserted into the GI tract (most commonly the stomach) to measure intraluminal CO2 for gut perfusion assessment; ICHI has no tonometry-specific code, and KBF.DL.AC covers device insertion into the stomach but is broader, lacking the specificity of tonometer type, measurement purpose, or possible intestinal placement." }] }, { "code" : "172280008", "display" : "Insertion of gold weight into upper eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A gold weight is a specific implantable device inserted into the upper eyelid for lagophthalmos correction; BAA.DL.AA correctly captures the target (eyelid) and action (device insertion) but is broader in that it does not distinguish upper from lower eyelid, nor does it specify the device type (gold weight implant vs. other eyelid devices)." }] }, { "code" : "428004000", "display" : "Insertion of hearing implant into middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code sits under the middle ear block and describes implantation of any internal device, which accurately captures the anatomical site and the nature of the procedure. It is wider because it is not restricted to hearing implants and covers any implanted middle ear device (e.g., ossicular prostheses, drug delivery devices)." }] }, { "code" : "425864002", "display" : "Insertion of hormone into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes inserting a hormone (typically as a pellet or depot implant) into subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with percutaneous device insertion into skin and subcutaneous tissue. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any subcutaneous device insertion regardless of body region and substance type, and does not specify hormones." }] }, { "code" : "446583004", "display" : "Insertion of indwelling catheter into urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD covers insertion of any device into the urinary bladder, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies an indwelling (Foley-type) catheter specifically; there is no ICHI category for catheter-only insertion into the bladder." }] }, { "code" : "398182006", "display" : "Insertion of inferior vena caval filter", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIC.DL.AF covers any percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the inferior vena cava and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a filter specifically; notably, the superior vena cava has a dedicated filter-specific code (HIB.DL.AA) but no equivalent filter-specific code exists for the IVC in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "715074009", "display" : "Insertion of intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers implantation of a device into bone generically, capturing the osseointegrated implant concept, but does not encode the transcutaneous or amputation-prosthesis specificity. Since the SNOMED concept is not constrained to a specific bone site, the unspecified-site code is preferred over the femur-specific code, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "1036001", "display" : "Insertion of intravascular device in common iliac vein, complete", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the common iliac vein; the NEC residual for percutaneous device insertion into a vein is the closest match, but it loses the iliac vein anatomical specificity and does not capture the \"complete\" qualifier that SNOMED encodes." }] }, { "code" : "84379001", "display" : "Insertion of intravascular device in common iliac vein, partial", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the \"complete\" variant — ICHI has no specific code for common iliac vein device insertion, and the NEC vein code does not distinguish between complete and partial device placement, making it semantically broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "85179000", "display" : "Insertion of laminaria into cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.LH.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal combined with device insertion via the transvaginal route, which is the mechanical effect achieved by inserting a laminaria tent; however, the ICHI code does not specify laminaria as the dilating agent and applies to any device, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "232572009", "display" : "Insertion of laryngeal keel", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.DL.AC directly matches the act of inserting a device into the larynx, which is precisely what insertion of a laryngeal keel accomplishes; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any laryngeal device rather than specifying a keel implant used to prevent anterior commissure re-stenosis." }] }, { "code" : "1285650004", "display" : "Insertion of lower removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC represents the application of a dental device, which encompasses fitting a removable orthodontic appliance; however, it is broader as it does not distinguish between removable and fixed appliances, between arches (upper vs. lower), or between orthodontic and other dental device types." }] }, { "code" : "234785005", "display" : "Insertion of malleable restoration into tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" encompasses all direct restorations (amalgam, composite, glass ionomer), of which a malleable/plastic restoration is one specific type. The ICHI code does not distinguish the material or technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "310667009", "display" : "Insertion of Medicarb rods", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Medicarb rods are bioresorbable calcium carbonate rods implanted as bone void fillers in orthopaedic surgery; MRB.DN.AA captures the act of implanting a device into bone but is broader as it specifies no anatomical site and no material, covering a far wider range of bone implant procedures." }] }, { "code" : "234690000", "display" : "Insertion of membrane into periodontal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of gingiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAG.DL.AC captures insertion of an internal device into the gingival/periodontal area, which aligns with guided tissue regeneration membrane placement; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any gingival internal device, not specifically a membrane for periodontal regeneration." }] }, { "code" : "30631006", "display" : "Insertion of metal device into nasal cartilage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.DN.AC covers device implantation into the nose in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the target sub-structure (nasal cartilage) and the material (metal); the ICHI code is broader on both axes." }] }, { "code" : "13820005", "display" : "Insertion of metal device into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers device insertion into subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified body site (NEC residual), which is the closest available code, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not restrict the device material to metal and specifies a percutaneous approach that the SNOMED concept does not mandate." }] }, { "code" : "432689006", "display" : "Insertion of metal stent into transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the core procedure elements — percutaneous route and device insertion into the portal venous system — but is wider because it does not encode the transjugular/intrahepatic shunt context, the metal stent material, or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast that are specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "737091001", "display" : "Insertion of microstructural scaffold into articular cartilage of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cartilage of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of cartilage of knee\" is the best available code for this regenerative procedure, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish scaffold-based cartilage repair from other repair techniques, nor does it specify the microstructural implant material." }] }, { "code" : "4457000", "display" : "Insertion of mold into vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting a vaginal mold (typically a space-maintaining splint used post-surgery or for dilation). The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device inserted." }] }, { "code" : "450865002", "display" : "Insertion of nontunneled hemodialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a hemodialysis or dialysis catheter; IZD.DL.AF covers percutaneous transluminal insertion of any device into a vein NEC, which matches the procedural approach but is broader — it does not specify the catheter type, dialysis purpose, or the nontunneled characteristic." }] }, { "code" : "890182003", "display" : "Insertion of ocular conformer", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ocular conformer is a shell-shaped device placed in the socket after enucleation or evisceration to maintain the conjunctival fornices, which is a type of ocular implant; BZZ.DL.AC for insertion of ocular implant is the best available match but is broader, as it covers all ocular implants and does not distinguish the conformer specifically." }] }, { "code" : "177611004", "display" : "Insertion of organic inert substance into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no body-region-unspecified code for subcutaneous device insertion; LAB.DL.AA is the closest assignable category, but it is restricted to the trunk whereas the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified. ICHI uses \"device\" as the generic object of insertion, which encompasses inert organic substances." }] }, { "code" : "1285469002", "display" : "Insertion of orthodontic separator", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic separator (interproximal spacer) is a specific type of dental device applied to teeth, and ICHI has no dedicated code for it; KAE.LC.AC is the best available match but covers any dental device application." }] }, { "code" : "235486003", "display" : "Insertion of pancreatic duct prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.DL.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic insertion of device into pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.DL.AD covers endoscopic insertion of any device into the pancreatic duct, which is the typical route for a pancreatic duct prosthesis (stent), but is broader because it encompasses any inserted device rather than specifically a prosthesis/stent." }] }, { "code" : "1269228007", "display" : "Insertion of partial lower denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for insertion of a partial denture; KAE.LC.AC is the closest available code but is broader, covering any dental device application regardless of type or jaw." }] }, { "code" : "1269230009", "display" : "Insertion of partial upper denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code specific to partial upper denture insertion; KAE.LC.AC is the broadest available match within the teeth interventions block and does not distinguish upper from lower jaw or partial from complete prostheses." }] }, { "code" : "233520008", "display" : "Insertion of peripheral venous cannula into peripheral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Peripheral venous cannulation most commonly targets upper limb veins; ICD.DL.AF captures a percutaneous device insertion into that vein group, but is wider because it covers any device and all upper limb veins." }] }, { "code" : "233526002", "display" : "Insertion of peripheral venous cannula into scalp vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scalp veins are anatomically veins of the head; IBD.DL.AF is the best available match but is broader as it covers all head and neck veins and any device rather than a cannula specifically." }] }, { "code" : "440447000", "display" : "Insertion of peripherally inserted central catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous insertion of a device into a vein but does not distinguish a PICC from other venous devices, and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast detail." }] }, { "code" : "33331003", "display" : "Insertion of permanent atrial pacemaker with transvenous electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures permanent transvenous (endocardial) pacemaker implantation but does not distinguish atrial-only pacing from ventricular or dual-chamber, and also encompasses defibrillator systems." }] }, { "code" : "33776000", "display" : "Insertion of permanent pacemaker with transvenous electrodes, AV sequential", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator implantation without distinguishing pacing mode or chamber configuration, so the AV sequential (dual-chamber) specificity is lost." }] }, { "code" : "431592002", "display" : "Insertion of permanent superior vena cava filter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of filter in superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI specifically codes filter insertion into the superior vena cava, matching the anatomical target and device type well; however, it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance detail and does not distinguish permanent from retrievable filters." }] }, { "code" : "443523006", "display" : "Insertion of permanent transvenous electrode of dual chamber pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker system but does not distinguish dual-chamber from single-chamber configurations, nor isolate electrode/lead insertion from full system implantation." }] }, { "code" : "29380005", "display" : "Insertion of pessary into cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.LH.AC covers dilatation of the cervical canal with insertion of a device, encompassing pessary insertion but also other cervical devices and implying dilatation as part of the procedure. No ICHI code exists for pessary-specific cervical insertion." }] }, { "code" : "45372001", "display" : "Insertion of pessary into vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC describes inserting an internal device into the vagina, capturing the procedural intent of pessary insertion, but is generic to any vaginal device (IUD, ring, packing) rather than pessary-specific." }] }, { "code" : "9407005", "display" : "Insertion of pin-retained palatal prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pin-retained palatal prosthesis (obturator) targets the hard palate, and KAT.DN.AA is the closest available ICHI code; however, it encompasses any hard palate device implantation, not specifically a pin-retained prosthetic obturator." }] }, { "code" : "233411001", "display" : "Insertion of popliteal artery stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.LH.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation with device insertion into any lower limb artery, capturing the popliteal stent procedure but is broader because it is not specific to the popliteal artery." }] }, { "code" : "1284879003", "display" : "Insertion of post core to tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-and-core placement is a restorative dental procedure used to rebuild a tooth prior to crown placement; KAE.MK.AC is the best fitting code but broadly covers all tooth restoration procedures rather than being specific to post-core insertion." }] }, { "code" : "235309006", "display" : "Insertion of prosthesis into small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the small intestine, broader than the SNOMED concept's specific reference to a prosthesis. The NEC qualifier confirms this is a residual/broader catch-all." }] }, { "code" : "235241003", "display" : "Insertion of prosthesis into stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AC covers insertion of any device into the stomach via orifice, broader than SNOMED's specific focus on a prosthesis; no ICHI code specifically names a gastric prosthesis insertion." }] }, { "code" : "428034005", "display" : "Insertion of prosthesis of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into bone at an unspecified site, aligning with the SNOMED concept's unspecified bone and prosthetic insertion; \"device\" is broader than \"prosthesis\"." }] }, { "code" : "176235009", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic collar around neck of female urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for insertion of a prosthetic collar (artificial urinary sphincter) at the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AA is the closest in scope as a reconstructive intervention on the bladder neck." }] }, { "code" : "176276000", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic collar around neck of male urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the female equivalent, ICHI lacks a sex-specific code for prosthetic collar insertion at the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AA is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "60312000", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic device into biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the biliary tract via an open approach; slightly broader as it is not restricted to prosthetic devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "235383005", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic material around anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.DN.AA is the closest available code for implanting a device at the anus/anal canal; broader as it covers any device implanted into the anus rather than specifically prosthetic material placed peri-sphincterically." }] }, { "code" : "414511001", "display" : "Insertion of punctal plug", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A punctal plug is inserted specifically to occlude the lacrimal punctum and reduce tear drainage, so BAD.LA.AA captures the functional intent well; however, the ICHI code covers the lacrimal apparatus broadly rather than specifically the punctum." }] }, { "code" : "234822001", "display" : "Insertion of Ramford occlusal appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, encompassing insertion of an occlusal appliance such as the Ramford type. ICHI does not distinguish between specific appliance subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "1285041000", "display" : "Insertion of removable functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC is the closest code covering the fitting/application of an orthodontic appliance to teeth, but is broader — it applies to any dental device and does not differentiate removable, functional, or orthodontic subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "231776006", "display" : "Insertion of retinal tacks", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinal tacks are small fixation devices used to secure detached or torn retina, a form of retinal repair. BCC.MK.AA is the best available code, but is broader — it covers all retinal repair methods and does not specify a device-insertion/fixation technique." }] }, { "code" : "716143003", "display" : "Insertion of segmental instrumentation to spine for spinal arthrodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Segmental spinal instrumentation is placed specifically to achieve and stabilise spinal arthrodesis/fusion. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the instrumentation technique or spinal region." }] }, { "code" : "236878002", "display" : "Insertion of self-retaining catheter through cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of a self-retaining catheter through the cervix necessarily involves passage through and often dilatation of the cervical canal. The ICHI code is broader as it combines dilatation with device insertion and does not specify catheter type." }] }, { "code" : "444401001", "display" : "Insertion of single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.DN.AF encompasses the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish single-chamber from dual- or multi-chamber systems." }] }, { "code" : "275181008", "display" : "Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AA covers insertion of any internal device into the breast, but ICHI does not specify the device type (skin/tissue expander)." }] }, { "code" : "177599009", "display" : "Insertion of skin expander into subcutaneous tissue of head or neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.DL.AA covers insertion of a device into skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, matching the anatomical site and action precisely, but does not specify the device type as a skin/tissue expander." }] }, { "code" : "428441009", "display" : "Insertion of spacer into lumbar interspinous process", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.DN.AA captures implantation of a device into the lumbar spine, but does not specify the device as an interspinous process spacer." }] }, { "code" : "234816005", "display" : "Insertion of speech aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Insertion of speech aid\" most commonly refers to implantation of a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis placed at or near the larynx following laryngectomy; JAN.DL.AC is the closest structural match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "265144008", "display" : "Insertion of staple into epiphysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Staple insertion into an epiphysis is a form of hemi-epiphysiodesis; MRB.DN.AA is the best available match but is broader because it covers any bone device implantation at any site and does not encode the specific target (epiphysis), the device type (staple), or the growth-modulation intent." }] }, { "code" : "397057006", "display" : "Insertion of stent in femoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral vein is a vein of the lower limb, so IFD.LH.AF correctly captures the anatomical site and procedure (percutaneous transluminal stent/device insertion), but the ICHI code covers all lower limb veins rather than the femoral vein specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233436007", "display" : "Insertion of stent into iliac vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac vein falls under the abdominal/pelvic vein block in ICHI, but that block has no stent/device insertion code; the NEC residual IZD.LH.AF is the best available code, though it is broader as it covers any vein not specifically classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "429079004", "display" : "Insertion of stent into portal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.LH.AF directly addresses the portal vein and matches the percutaneous transluminal stent/device insertion procedure; slightly broader as the ICHI code also encompasses portal vein branches." }] }, { "code" : "233435006", "display" : "Insertion of stent into subclavian vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian vein is anatomically a vein of the thorax, and the ICHI code covers percutaneous stent (device) placement via transluminal dilatation in this region, but the target is the entire vein-of-thorax group rather than the subclavian vein specifically." }] }, { "code" : "405434006", "display" : "Insertion of subcutaneous access reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.DL.AE covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, encompassing subcutaneous port/reservoir implantation, but it is broader as it is not specific to a vascular access reservoir and assumes trunk placement." }] }, { "code" : "176008007", "display" : "Insertion of subcutaneous urinary diversion stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.LI.AA covers urinary diversion broadly but does not capture the specific subcutaneous route or the stent device used; no ICHI code exists for subcutaneous ureteral stent insertion specifically, so the general urinary diversion code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "225079007", "display" : "Insertion of suppository", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suppositories are most commonly administered rectally, and KBW.DL.AC is the closest ICHI code for inserting an object into the rectum; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated suppository insertion code, and the SNOMED concept is route-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "57687005", "display" : "Insertion of suppository into vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of an internal device into the vagina, which aligns with the target and action; however, ICHI does not distinguish a suppository from other intravaginal devices, so the ICHI code is broader in terms of device type." }] }, { "code" : "428618008", "display" : "Insertion of sustained release device into posterior segment of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of ocular implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.DL.AC is the best available ICHI code for inserting a device into the eye, but it does not specify the posterior segment as the target site nor the sustained-release nature of the device." }] }, { "code" : "708911002", "display" : "Insertion of temporary catheter into lumbar epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous insertion of any device into the spinal canal, encompassing lumbar epidural catheter placement, but does not distinguish the epidural space, the lumbar level, or the temporary/catheter nature of the device." }] }, { "code" : "708909006", "display" : "Insertion of temporary catheter into thoracic epidural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any spinal canal level, does not distinguish the epidural space from other compartments, and does not specify temporary catheter versus a permanent device." }] }, { "code" : "735953003", "display" : "Insertion of temporary neurostimulator into peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers insertion of any device into a peripheral nerve, encompassing neurostimulator placement, but does not capture the temporary nature of the device, and no more specific peripheral nerve stimulator code exists." }] }, { "code" : "180277007", "display" : "Insertion of temporary peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the dedicated ICHI code for peritoneal dialysis, which functionally encompasses catheter insertion for this purpose; the ICHI code describes the dialysis procedure as a whole rather than the specific act of inserting a temporary catheter." }] }, { "code" : "234793005", "display" : "Insertion of temporary restoration in tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the ICHI code for tooth restoration, the closest match to inserting a temporary dental restoration; the ICHI code does not distinguish between temporary and permanent restorations." }] }, { "code" : "266913006", "display" : "Insertion of Thompson prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Thompson prosthesis is a specific cemented femoral hemiarthroplasty of the hip; MLJ.DN.AA captures the correct target and action, but is broader as it does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty or specify the prosthesis type." }] }, { "code" : "1366424006", "display" : "Insertion of tissue expander in thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a tissue expander in the thoracic region; the ICHI code is wider in both device type and anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "319175008", "display" : "Insertion of tissue expander into breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of internal device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AA covers any internal device inserted into the breast, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a tissue expander; the ICHI code does not distinguish device type (expander vs. permanent implant)." }] }, { "code" : "232686001", "display" : "Insertion of tracheal T-tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DN.AC covers implantation of any device into the trachea; the SNOMED concept specifies a T-tube (Montgomery T-tube). No ICHI code exists for a T-tube specifically, so this broader tracheal device implantation code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "232618007", "display" : "Insertion of tracheo-esophageal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tracheo-esophageal (voice) prosthesis is inserted through the posterior tracheal wall, so the trachea is the operative target; no ICHI code exists for this specific prosthesis type, and JBA.DN.AC is the closest match though broader." }] }, { "code" : "232685002", "display" : "Insertion of tracheostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.LI.AA represents the tracheostomy procedure itself, which inherently includes placement of a tracheostomy tube; the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on the tube insertion step, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "432019001", "display" : "Insertion of tunneled central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a tunneled CVC inserted under fluoroscopic contrast guidance into a central thoracic vein; ICHI does not capture the tunneling technique, fluoroscopic modality, or contrast use, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "736922008", "display" : "Insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tunneled hemodialysis catheter is placed percutaneously into a central thoracic vein; ICHI does not distinguish the dialysis-specific purpose, the tunneling technique, or the specific vessel, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "438375003", "display" : "Insertion of tunneled indwelling catheter with cuff into pleura", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of a tunneled indwelling pleural catheter (e.g., PleurX) is a percutaneous drainage procedure targeting the pleural cavity; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the tunneled/cuffed long-term indwelling variant." }] }, { "code" : "281584007", "display" : "Insertion of underwater seal chest drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for inserting an underwater seal chest drain; the closest code covers percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity broadly, encompassing the procedure but not specifying the underwater seal mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "1285648007", "display" : "Insertion of upper removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fitting a removable orthodontic appliance; \"Application of dental device\" is the closest category and covers placing a dental device, but is broader as it does not distinguish orthodontic appliances or specify upper arch or removability." }] }, { "code" : "445319001", "display" : "Insertion of vagal nerve stimulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of cranial nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve, so inserting a vagal nerve stimulator maps to the cranial nerve device insertion code; this code is broader as it covers any cranial nerve and any device, not specifically the vagus nerve or a neurostimulator." }] }, { "code" : "437021000124102", "display" : "Insoluble fiber modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers food modification in general and is the closest ICHI concept available, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a dietary modification targeting insoluble fiber content." }] }, { "code" : "39868003", "display" : "Inspection of mouth region", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.AE.AC (oral examination, NEC) is the closest available ICHI code, covering examination of the oral cavity, but it is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies inspection of the mouth region." }] }, { "code" : "55870005", "display" : "Instillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no general \"instillation\" concept; PZA.DB.AZ covers administration of pharmacotherapy without specifying route — closest match to this broad, unspecified SNOMED concept though restricted to pharmacotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "225698005", "display" : "Instillation of eye drops to eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific code for instilling drops into the eye; PZA.DB.AH covers topical application of any pharmacotherapy and is the closest conceptual match, but is broader as it is not restricted to the eye or to liquid-drop delivery form." }] }, { "code" : "277265006", "display" : "Instillation of nasal spray", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nose is a natural orifice, so PZA.DB.AC is the best fit; however, it covers all per-orifice routes (oral, rectal, nasal, etc.) and all agents, making it significantly broader than the specific nasal spray instillation." }] }, { "code" : "277264005", "display" : "Instillation of nose drops", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nose drops are delivered through the nasal orifice, so PZA.DB.AC is the closest ICHI code; broader because it encompasses all per-orifice pharmacotherapy routes and does not distinguish delivery form (spray vs. drops)." }] }, { "code" : "711105000", "display" : "Instillation of thrombolytic agent into pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.DB.AD", "display" : "Injection into thoracic cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCH.DB.AD covers injection of any substance into the thoracic cavity, which encompasses the pleural space, but does not specify the agent type (thrombolytic) or the precise target (pleural cavity vs thoracic cavity generally); no more specific ICHI code for pleural instillation or intrapleural thrombolysis exists." }] }, { "code" : "18011004", "display" : "Instillation of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"instillation of bladder\" code; irrigation (NAI.JA.AC) is the closest functional equivalent — both involve introducing fluid into the bladder lumen — but irrigation implies lavage/washout whereas instillation implies leaving the agent in place, making ICHI slightly broader in concept." }] }, { "code" : "423201001", "display" : "Instructions from the pharmacy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Instructions from the pharmacy\" is a specific form of medication counselling/advising; UAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications) is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader as it encompasses any professional providing medication advice rather than pharmacy-specific dispensing instructions." }] }, { "code" : "78899003", "display" : "Instrumental conversion of fetal position", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AH", "display" : "External version of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus) is the best available ICHI code for altering fetal lie/presentation; however, the SNOMED concept specifically implies an instrumental (non-manual) technique, while ICHI does not encode the use of instruments — NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) is more generic, and external version is the closest positional-correction concept, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "252252006", "display" : "Insulin stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETK.AA.ZZ represents assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly and is the most precise ICHI code for a diagnostic test evaluating endocrine secretory response to insulin stimulation. ICHI lacks a specific code for insulin stimulation testing, so the ICHI code is wider than this particular test." }] }, { "code" : "252255008", "display" : "Insulin suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The insulin suppression test assesses endogenous insulin secretory capacity (C-peptide suppression), which falls under assessment of endocrine gland functions. ETK.AA.ZZ is the most specific available ICHI code, but it covers all endocrine gland function assessments and is therefore broader than this specific suppression test." }] }, { "code" : "269877001", "display" : "Insulin tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is a dynamic assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and growth hormone axes by inducing hypoglycaemia with insulin, which is an assessment of endocrine gland functions. ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but encompasses all such assessments and is therefore broader than this specific test." }] }, { "code" : "252251004", "display" : "Insulinoma prolonged fasting test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The insulinoma prolonged fasting test (72-hour fast) is a diagnostic assessment of pancreatic endocrine function to detect autonomous insulin secretion. ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions and is the most specific available match, but it is broader than this highly specific diagnostic procedure for insulinoma." }] }, { "code" : "119826007", "display" : "Integumentary system closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.MK.AA (repair of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC) is the closest ICHI concept covering closure/repair of integumentary structures not specified to a body region, sitting within the integumentary system chapter; it is broader than the SNOMED concept as \"repair\" in ICHI encompasses more than just closure, and the SNOMED term implies a procedure category across the entire integumentary system rather than a single technique." }] }, { "code" : "410342001", "display" : "Interaction case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Case coordination\" in ICHI covers the coordination and management of a person's care across services, which broadly corresponds to interaction case management; however, ICHI does not distinguish between the modality (interaction-based) or specific sub-type of case management, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "40250003", "display" : "Interatrial transposition of venous return", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.LI.AA", "display" : "Atrial baffle procedure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mustard and Senning procedures (interatrial transposition of venous return using a baffle) are the canonical \"atrial baffle procedures,\" so HAZ.LI.AA is the appropriate ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any atrial baffle technique, not only the venous-return transposition variant." }] }, { "code" : "178463000", "display" : "Intermaxillary fixation of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intermaxillary fixation is a technique used to immobilise and reduce a fractured maxilla without open surgery, which aligns most closely with closed reduction of the maxillary bone; however, MAF.LD.AH encompasses all closed reduction approaches to the maxilla and does not specify intermaxillary fixation as the means, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736513001", "display" : "Intermediate revision rhinoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose) is the closest ICHI code for rhinoplasty; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies an \"intermediate revision\" rhinoplasty (i.e., a secondary corrective procedure on the nose). ICHI has no code that distinguishes primary from revision rhinoplasty or captures the intermediate stage." }] }, { "code" : "444777002", "display" : "Intermittent clamping of suprapubic urinary catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder) is the closest available ICHI code, as intermittent clamping of a suprapubic catheter is a form of managing a bladder device; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to clamping or suprapubic catheters, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233587008", "display" : "Intermittent hemodiafiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Renal dialysis\" in ICHI is the closest available code encompassing extracorporeal blood purification techniques applied to the kidney; it does not distinguish between dialysis, filtration, or combined hemodiafiltration modalities, nor does it capture the intermittent scheduling, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233575001", "display" : "Intermittent hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Renal dialysis\" is the best available ICHI match for hemodialysis, but the ICHI code covers all forms of renal dialysis (including peritoneal) and does not capture the intermittent scheduling modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233582002", "display" : "Intermittent hemofiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemofiltration is a distinct extracorporeal technique from hemodialysis (convection rather than diffusion), but ICHI offers no separate code for hemofiltration; \"Renal dialysis\" is the broadest applicable code and subsumes hemofiltration under its scope, making it a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "428421004", "display" : "Intermittent infusion of therapeutic substance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified\" covers administration of a therapeutic substance without specifying the route or schedule, and thus encompasses the SNOMED concept but does not capture the intermittent infusion method or the intravenous route implied; it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1186741000", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure-control and an assured constant airway pressure high adjunct and pressure-support at the higher pressure level only", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This highly specific SNOMED concept describes a precise ventilator mode (IMV with PC, CPAP-high adjunct, and pressure support at the higher level), a level of granularity that has no equivalent in ICHI; \"Artificial ventilation\" is the only assignable ICHI code in this domain and is far broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1217390002", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure control and assured constant airway pressure adjunct during the inflation phase", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for artificial ventilation and covers the entire family of mechanical ventilation modes; it does not distinguish IMV from other modes, nor does it capture the highly specific synchronization mechanism, pressure-control modality, or CPAP adjunct described in this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1186739001", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with synchronized-termination pressure-control and pressure-support inflation and an assured constant airway pressure adjunct", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the closely related concepts, JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI category for any form of mechanical ventilation; the SNOMED concept's specificity regarding pressure-support inflation mode and the CPAP adjunct is entirely lost in the ICHI mapping." }] }, { "code" : "1186737004", "display" : "Intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume-targeted pressure-control and pressure-support", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC encompasses all forms of artificial ventilation without differentiating volume-targeted pressure-control or pressure-support modes, making it substantially broader than this specific SNOMED ventilation strategy." }] }, { "code" : "238321006", "display" : "Intermittent peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis as a general procedure without specifying the intermittent modality; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the intermittent schedule, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "387726004", "display" : "Intermittent positive pressure breathing treatment without nebulized medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering artificial (mechanical) ventilation broadly; it does not capture the specific IPPB technique, the absence of nebulized medication, or the intermittent nature, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "170883007", "display" : "Intermittent self-catheterize", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.DL.AD is the closest ICHI category for passing a catheter into the bladder, but it covers any device insertion (including indwelling catheters) and does not encode the intermittent or self-performed nature of the procedure; ICHI lacks a dedicated clean intermittent self-catheterization code." }] }, { "code" : "180327006", "display" : "Internal cardioversion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers conversion of cardiac arrhythmia broadly, without specifying the internal (transvenous catheter-based) route, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes internal cardioversion delivered via intracardiac electrodes. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses both internal and external approaches under the same code." }] }, { "code" : "237006006", "display" : "Internal conversion of face to vertex", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Internal conversion of face to vertex is a specific manual intrauterine rotation maneuver used in obstetric labor management; NMR.LD.AC captures fetal rotation in general but does not specify the face-to-vertex direction or the internal approach, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "112721006", "display" : "Internal fixation of bone of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Internal fixation involves implanting a device (screw, rod, or plate) into vertebral bone, which maps well to the implantation of device action on the spine. ICHI is wider because it encompasses any device implantation into the spine regardless of purpose (not just fracture fixation or stabilisation) and does not distinguish between bone vs joint targets." }] }, { "code" : "1367692003", "display" : "Internal fixation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis using screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Syndesmotic screw fixation involves implanting a screw through the fibula into the tibia across the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, so implantation of a device into tibia or fibula is the closest available ICHI target. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the syndesmosis specificity, the fracture/instability indication, or the screw as the specific means." }] }, { "code" : "1367693008", "display" : "Internal fixation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis using suture button", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A suture button device is implanted through the tibia and fibula to stabilise the syndesmosis, placing this within implantation of a device into tibia or fibula. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish the syndesmosis target, the suture button means, or the stabilisation indication from other device implantations at this bone site." }] }, { "code" : "426236005", "display" : "Internal fixation of fracture of orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Internal fixation of an orbital fracture (typically involving plate or mesh implantation) is a form of orbital repair, making BAM.MK.AA the closest available code in the orbit block. ICHI is wider because \"repair of orbit\" encompasses any corrective procedure on the orbit and does not specify fracture reduction, internal fixation, or device implantation." }] }, { "code" : "275093002", "display" : "Internal fixation of fracture of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Internal fixation of a spinal fracture is performed by implanting hardware (pedicle screws, rods, plates) into the vertebral column, corresponding to implantation of a device into the spine. ICHI is wider because it does not specify that the indication is fracture fixation, the site within the spine, or the type of device used." }] }, { "code" : "447833007", "display" : "Internal fixation of spine using plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents the plate as a generic implanted device into the spine (unspecified region), lacking both the specific spinal region and the plate-type specificity of the SNOMED concept. MBZ.DN.AA is the best available code for a device implanted into the vertebral column at an unspecified level." }] }, { "code" : "257833000", "display" : "Internal fixation using staple", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific action or means code for staple fixation, and this SNOMED concept specifies no body site; MRB.DN.AA covers device implantation into bone at an unspecified anatomical site, making it a reasonable but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "66302001", "display" : "Internal neurolysis with operating microscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Internal neurolysis is the intraoperative release of a peripheral nerve from surrounding fibrous tissue, which maps to the FC (release) action on the peripheral nervous system target; however, ICHI has no means code for operating microscope assistance, so that key specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "26549000", "display" : "Internal pelvic fixation of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.DN.AA represents open implantation of an internal fixation device into the pelvic bone, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between fixation device subtypes or fracture stabilisation versus other device implantations, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "118470002", "display" : "Internal skeletal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level, site-agnostic category for internal bone fixation; MRB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering device implantation into bone at an unspecified site with an open approach, but ICHI does not have a specific \"internal fixation\" action and the code is broader than any specific instance of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425626001", "display" : "Internal tamponade of retina using air", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinal tamponade using air involves injecting air into the vitreous cavity to internally support a detached retina; ICHI captures the injection action and vitreous target but does not distinguish the tamponade agent (air vs. gas vs. oil) or the specific therapeutic intent of retinal support. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "426158003", "display" : "Internal tamponade of retina using gas", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinal tamponade using gas (e.g., SF6, C3F8) is an intravitreal injection procedure, matching the target (vitreous body) and action (injection) in BCD.DB.AE, but ICHI does not encode the tamponade purpose or the specific gas agent, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427402009", "display" : "Internal tamponade of retina using liquid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Liquid tamponade (e.g., heavy liquid/perfluorocarbon) is delivered by injection into the vitreous cavity, aligning with BCD.DB.AE on target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the tamponade substance or the retinal repair intent, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427387001", "display" : "Internal tamponade of retina using oil", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCD.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into vitreous body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Silicone oil tamponade is an intravitreal injection where oil is injected into the vitreous cavity to tamponade the retina; BCD.DB.AE matches on target and action but does not capture the specific agent (oil) or the tamponade/retinal detachment repair context, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "385863001", "display" : "Interpersonal dynamics analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.AA.ZZ captures assessment (AA action) of interpersonal interactions and relationships (SR1 target), which aligns with the analytical/evaluative nature of \"interpersonal dynamics analysis.\" The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assessment of interpersonal engagement, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a structured analytical technique focused on the dynamics of interpersonal relationships." }] }, { "code" : "385864007", "display" : "Interpersonal dynamics analysis education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.PM.ZZ uses the PM (education) action axis on the SR1 (interpersonal interactions and relationships) target, directly matching the educational component of the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any form of education about interpersonal engagement rather than the specific modality of interpersonal dynamics analysis education." }] }, { "code" : "59677003", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of carpometacarpal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the carpometacarpal joint; the CMC joint falls within the MGJ (hand and finger joints) block, and MGJ.MK.AA \"Repair of finger or hand joint\" (MK = repair/reconstruction, open approach) is the closest available code covering reconstructive joint surgery in that anatomical region. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all forms of open joint repair, not specifically interposition arthroplasty of the CMC joint." }] }, { "code" : "281821008", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of elbow joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated interposition arthroplasty code; MEJ.MK.AA (Repair of elbow joint, open approach) is the closest available code, covering repair/reconstructive procedures on the elbow joint, but is broader as it encompasses all forms of elbow joint repair without specifying the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "72848004", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of intercarpal joints", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups intercarpal joints under the wrist joint block (MFJ — Interventions on wrist joint), and MFJ.MK.AA is the best available code for a reconstructive procedure on these joints; it is broader as it covers wrist joint repair generically without distinguishing intercarpal joint specificity or the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "239497005", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish interphalangeal from metacarpophalangeal joints within the hand/finger joint block (MGJ), and MGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint, open) is the closest code; it is broader as it covers all finger/hand joint repairs without specifying the interphalangeal joint level or interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "239526009", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of lesser toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for toe interphalangeal joint arthroplasty; MOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe, open) is the most appropriate available code, but it is broader as it encompasses all foot and toe joint repairs without specifying the lesser toe interphalangeal location or interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "239493009", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of metacarpophalangeal joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the interphalangeal finger concept, ICHI does not differentiate metacarpophalangeal from interphalangeal joints within the MGJ block; MGJ.MK.AA (Repair of finger or hand joint, open) is the best available match, but is broader as it does not specify the metacarpophalangeal level or the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "1290094009", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of metatarsophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the metatarsophalangeal joint; MOJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of foot or toe) is the closest available code but covers all joint repairs of the foot/toe, not specifically interposition arthroplasty of the MTP joint. The ICHI target (foot or toe) is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific metatarsophalangeal joint." }] }, { "code" : "239500004", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of the hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated arthroplasty or interposition code for the hip joint; MLJ.MK.AA (Repair of hip joint) is the best available code, but \"repair\" is broader than the specific surgical technique of interposition arthroplasty (placement of interpositional material between joint surfaces)." }] }, { "code" : "239517006", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of hallux", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the interphalangeal joint of the hallux; MOJ.MK.AA covers all joint repairs of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the hallux IP joint and the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "239489003", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the interphalangeal joint of the thumb; MGJ.MK.AA covers all open repairs of finger or hand joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the thumb IP joint location and the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "239486005", "display" : "Interposition arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no arthroplasty or interposition-specific code for the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb; MGJ.MK.AA covers all open repairs of finger or hand joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the thumb MCP joint location and the interposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "304459007", "display" : "Interrupted direct current to face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interrupted direct current (faradic/galvanic interrupted current) is a specific electrotherapy waveform used to stimulate muscle and nerve tissue; MU2.SC.BP covers electrical stimulation of muscle functions broadly, which subsumes this technique, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific waveform (interrupted DC), the facial body region, or the full range of non-muscle applications (e.g., nerve or skin)." }] }, { "code" : "304462005", "display" : "Interrupted direct current to lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interrupted DC applied to the lower limb is a specific electrotherapy technique that falls within the broader ICHI category of electrical stimulation of muscle functions; the body region (lower limb) and specific current waveform are not encoded at the ICHI code level, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "304460002", "display" : "Interrupted direct current to neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interrupted DC to the neck is a specific electrotherapy modality and body site combination that maps to the broader ICHI category of electrical stimulation of muscle functions, with the neck region and interrupted DC waveform specificity being lost in the ICHI representation." }] }, { "code" : "169360009", "display" : "Interstitial brachytherapy to hypophysis using seed", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EAA.GA.AA covers destruction of the pituitary gland but does not specify the modality; ICHI has no .GA.BA (by radiotherapy) variant for the pituitary as it does for thyroid or adrenal, so the generic destruction code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies interstitial brachytherapy via seed implant." }] }, { "code" : "65921008", "display" : "Intestinal function education", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KT2.PM.ZZ covers education about digestive system functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to intestinal (bowel) function education; no more specific intestinal-function education code exists in ICHI, making this the best available fit under the digestive functions block (BlockL4-KT2)." }] }, { "code" : "173990000", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of ileum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated ileum-specific manipulation code; the ileum is the distal portion of the small intestine, so KBK.LD.AA (small intestine NEC) is the closest match but encompasses the entire small intestine, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the ileum alone." }] }, { "code" : "69245005", "display" : "Intra-arterial infusion of thrombolytic agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's IZA.DB.AF captures thrombolysis of an unspecified artery, which semantically encompasses intra-arterial thrombolytic infusion; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the route and covers thrombolysis by any means." }] }, { "code" : "450678004", "display" : "Intraamniotic injection of abortifacient", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection or infusion into amnion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.DB.AE captures the intraamniotic injection route and target precisely, but it is broader because it does not specify the abortifacient purpose — it covers any injection or infusion into the amnion regardless of intent." }] }, { "code" : "308695001", "display" : "Intracapsular cataract extraction and insertion of intraocular lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and insertion of a prosthetic lens (BBF.ML.AA) as separate codes; no single ICHI code combines intracapsular cataract extraction with simultaneous IOL insertion, so BBF.JK.AA is the best primary match but is broader than the combined SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "171599003", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of abducens nerve (VI)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI); AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve via open approach, which matches the intracranial route but is broader as it applies to all cranial nerves, not specifically the abducens." }] }, { "code" : "171605005", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of accessory nerve (XI)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI); AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, correctly representing the intracranial approach but being broader in that it is not limited to the accessory nerve." }] }, { "code" : "171602008", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of acoustic nerve (VIII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acoustic/vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) has no dedicated ICHI destruction code; AAN.GA.AA for open destruction of cranial nerve is the best match but is broader, covering all cranial nerves rather than specifically the vestibulocochlear nerve." }] }, { "code" : "171601001", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of facial nerve (VII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) destruction; AAN.GA.AA for open destruction of cranial nerve is the best available match, broader in scope as it encompasses all cranial nerves rather than specifically the facial nerve." }] }, { "code" : "171606006", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of hypoglossal nerve (XII)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII); AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve by open approach, which is semantically broader than the SNOMED concept specifying both the nerve identity and the intracranial route." }] }, { "code" : "171597001", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of oculomotor nerve (III)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a nerve-specific code for the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III); AAN.GA.AA captures destruction of any cranial nerve by open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the particular nerve and the intracranial approach." }] }, { "code" : "171596005", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of optic nerve (II)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for destruction of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) specifically; AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept that names both the specific nerve and the intracranial surgical route." }] }, { "code" : "265227002", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of trigeminal nerve (V)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Despite the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) being clinically prominent (with procedures like rhizotomy and Gasserian ganglion ablation), ICHI has no nerve-specific destruction codes within the cranial nerve block; AAN.GA.AA is therefore broader, covering open destruction of any cranial nerve." }] }, { "code" : "171598006", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of trochlear nerve (IV)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV); AAN.GA.AA covers open destruction of any cranial nerve, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the nerve identity and the intracranial approach." }] }, { "code" : "171604009", "display" : "Intracranial destruction of vagus nerve (X)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.GA.AA covers destruction of any cranial nerve via open approach, which encompasses the vagus nerve (CN X) specifically. ICHI does not have a code specific to the vagus nerve, so this code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "64122007", "display" : "Intracranial gas endarterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of intracranial artery, open approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.JE.AA is the only ICHI code for intracranial artery endarterectomy and is the closest structural match. The SNOMED concept specifies the gas (CO2) technique variant, which is not differentiated in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171636002", "display" : "Intracranial stereotactic release of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.FC.AA is the sole ICHI code for cranial nerve release and captures the core procedural intent. ICHI does not encode the stereotactic approach as a distinct means variant, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "36673005", "display" : "Intradermal injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers injection into both skin and subcutaneous tissue, while intradermal injection is specifically confined to the dermis layer alone; the code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code exists specifically for intradermal-only injection." }] }, { "code" : "231298001", "display" : "Intramuscular infiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.DB.AE encodes injection of a substance into muscle at an unspecified site, which covers the route and target of intramuscular infiltration, but ICHI does not distinguish infiltration (spreading a local anaesthetic through tissue) from a simple bolus injection." }] }, { "code" : "418368009", "display" : "Intranasal intubation of lacrimal drainage system for tear drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.JB.AA covers drainage of the lacrimal apparatus generally, which aligns with the core procedure (establishing tear drainage through the nasolacrimal system), but does not capture the specific intranasal/intubation approach or the stent/tube placement aspect." }] }, { "code" : "70131004", "display" : "Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty of iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac artery is a pelvic/abdominal artery, so IEA.LG.AF is the best available ICHI code, but it covers any abdominal or pelvic artery rather than specifically the iliac; ICHI also does not distinguish intraoperative (open surgical) from percutaneous approaches in this category." }] }, { "code" : "58622000", "display" : "Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty of visceral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Visceral arteries (celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric, renal) are abdominal arteries, making IEA.LG.AF the closest available ICHI code; however, the ICHI code is broader, covering all abdominal or pelvic arteries rather than being specific to the visceral arterial territory." }] }, { "code" : "51158001", "display" : "Intraoperative transluminal femoral-popliteal angioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral and popliteal arteries are arteries of the lower limb, so IFA.LG.AF is the correct anatomical grouping in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any lower limb artery rather than being specific to the femoral-popliteal segment." }] }, { "code" : "27659003", "display" : "Intraoperative transluminal subclavian-axillary angioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.LG.AF covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation of any upper limb artery, encompassing both subclavian and axillary arteries, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific subclavian-axillary target. The means axis (AF) aligns with transluminal angioplasty, though the intraoperative context is not captured in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "386338001", "display" : "Intrapartal care: high-risk delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AI.AH", "display" : "Monitoring of delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.AI.AH is the closest ICHI code, covering monitoring during delivery, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes high-risk intrapartal care (a comprehensive management package), whereas the ICHI code captures only the monitoring component." }] }, { "code" : "178021009", "display" : "Intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic drug", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DB.AE captures the act of injecting into the peritoneal cavity via percutaneous approach, which is the correct site and route, but does not specify the substance as a cytotoxic/antineoplastic agent. ICHI has no code combining intraperitoneal route with cytotoxic drug identity." }] }, { "code" : "178020005", "display" : "Intraperitoneal administration of radioactive substance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with cytotoxic administration, KMA.DB.AE represents injection into the peritoneal cavity but does not encode the radioactive nature of the substance. ICHI radiotherapy codes cover destruction of specific tissues, not intraperitoneal radioisotope instillation." }] }, { "code" : "238308004", "display" : "Intraperitoneal immunotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for immunotherapy by route, nor for immunological agents administered intraperitoneally. KMA.DB.AE encodes the intraperitoneal injection route correctly but lacks the immunotherapy substance dimension." }] }, { "code" : "386511009", "display" : "Intraspinal analgesic administration", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DB.AE precisely captures injection into the spinal canal (intraspinal) via percutaneous approach, which is the correct anatomical target and route, but does not specify analgesic as the administered substance." }] }, { "code" : "265064001", "display" : "Intrauterine artificial insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DH.AC covers all uterine reproductive transfer procedures including embryo transfer and intrauterine insemination; it is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of intrauterine artificial insemination. No more specific ICHI code for intrauterine insemination alone exists." }] }, { "code" : "438567008", "display" : "Intrauterine fetal transfusion using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.DG.AE", "display" : "Fetal infusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.DG.AE (Fetal infusion) covers intra-fetal delivery of fluids/blood products and is the best available ICHI code, but it is broader as it does not specify blood transfusion as the infused substance nor ultrasound guidance as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "45460008", "display" : "Intrauterine transfusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.DG.AE", "display" : "Fetal infusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.DG.AE is the best ICHI match for delivery of blood or fluid into the fetus in utero, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specifically indicate transfusion (blood products) as the infusate." }] }, { "code" : "225250007", "display" : "Intravaginal artificial insemination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for artificial insemination; uterine reproductive transfer procedures is the closest category covering the introduction of reproductive material via the vaginal route, but is broader, encompassing embryo transfer and similar procedures." }] }, { "code" : "431945005", "display" : "Intravascular ultrasonography of coronary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.BA.AF", "display" : "Intravascular imaging of coronary vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.BA.AF covers intravascular imaging of coronary vessels via an endovascular means, which aligns with IVUS of the coronary artery, but ICHI does not distinguish ultrasound modality from other intravascular imaging modalities, nor does it capture fluoroscopic guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "432093004", "display" : "Intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.DB.AF captures thrombolysis delivered via an intravascular/endovascular route (means axis AF) to the coronary artery, but ICHI does not encode the ultrasound-guided delivery technique or the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "241705007", "display" : "Intravenous sedation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AF", "display" : "Intravenous anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravenous sedation is a lighter-depth conscious or deep sedation technique delivered IV, whereas ICHI's intravenous anaesthesia encompasses the full spectrum from sedation through general anaesthesia by the intravenous route. The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "177827009", "display" : "Introduction of cytotoxic substance into pleural cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.DB.AD", "display" : "Injection into thoracic cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for injection specifically into the pleural cavity; the closest available code covers injection into the thoracic cavity broadly (which includes the pleural space), and is not specific to cytotoxic agents." }] }, { "code" : "177618005", "display" : "Introduction of destructive substance into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the percutaneous injection into skin/subcutaneous tissue as a generic action regardless of the nature of the injected agent, so it covers both destructive and non-destructive substances. The SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying a destructive agent." }] }, { "code" : "302424006", "display" : "Introduction of inert substance into subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The same generic subcutaneous injection code applies; ICHI does not differentiate between inert fillers and other injected substances in the integumentary system codes. The SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying an inert substance." }] }, { "code" : "133881004", "display" : "Intubation and aspiration of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.DL.AC", "display" : "Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.DL.AC encodes per-orifice (transnasal or transoral) tube placement into the small intestine, which matches the intubation component. The aspiration/decompression purpose is clinically implied but not represented in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "79583008", "display" : "Intubation for gastric decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of device into stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AC with means AC (per orifice) corresponds to nasogastric tube insertion into the stomach, covering the procedural action. The ICHI code does not specify the therapeutic purpose (decompression), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "235432006", "display" : "Intubation of gastrointestinal tract via tube gastrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.DL.AJ", "display" : "Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device in stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.DL.AJ covers percutaneous endoscopic insertion of a device into the stomach, which is the standard method for tube gastrostomy (PEG); however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific clinical scenario of intubation via a pre-existing tube gastrostomy." }] }, { "code" : "437151000124105", "display" : "Iodine modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification to food/diet as an intervention, which encompasses an iodine-modified (low-iodine) diet used clinically before radioiodine therapy; the ICHI code is broader because it is not specific to iodine content." }] }, { "code" : "419173000", "display" : "Iontophoresis administration of treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.BP", "display" : "Iontophoresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SC.BP directly encodes iontophoresis under interventions on the integumentary system, capturing the technique. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it does not specify the therapeutic substance being delivered." }] }, { "code" : "48507008", "display" : "Iridesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Iridesis surgically sutures or repositions the iris (e.g., to anchor a dislocated lens), falling within iris repair. BBC.MK.AA is broader, covering all iris repair procedures rather than specifically the suturing/fixation technique of iridesis." }] }, { "code" : "3357006", "display" : "Iron kinetics study", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An iron kinetics (ferrokinetics) study uses radiolabeled iron to measure rates of iron absorption, transport, and incorporation into red cells. No specific ICHI code exists; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest broader haematological function test." }] }, { "code" : "437161000124107", "display" : "Iron modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.TI.ZZ covers formal prescription of a food type, which encompasses a therapeutic iron-modified diet. ICHI does not have a code specific to iron- or mineral-modified dietary prescriptions, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "238233004", "display" : "Irrigation of abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for irrigation of the abdominal wall specifically; MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at an unspecified site, broader than the abdominal wall target." }] }, { "code" : "239461001", "display" : "Irrigation of joint cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.JA.AA covers irrigation of any joint at an unspecified site, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies \"joint cavity\"; site-specific ICHI joint irrigation codes share the \"unspecified site\" qualifier, making this the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "55837000", "display" : "Irrigation of lacrimal canaliculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the lacrimal apparatus as a whole structural unit rather than distinguishing sub-components such as the canaliculus, so BAD.JA.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "244021007", "display" : "Irrigation of lacrimal punctum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between sub-structures of the lacrimal apparatus at the procedure coding level; BAD.JA.AA covers irrigation of the entire lacrimal apparatus and is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "50332001", "display" : "Irrigation of lumbosubarachnoid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lumbosubarachnoid shunt is an internal spinal canal device, and irrigation/flushing is a form of device management. ABG.SN.AE is broader as it covers all management of spinal canal devices, not just irrigation." }] }, { "code" : "77694007", "display" : "Irrigation of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"irrigation of muscle\" code; MRS.JA.AA covers irrigation of soft tissue at unspecified site, which subsumes muscle but is anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "27490005", "display" : "Irrigation of renal pyelostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.SN.AD", "display" : "Management of internal device of renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Irrigating a pyelostomy tube is a specific form of managing an indwelling renal pelvis device. NAB.SN.AD is broader because it covers all management activities of that device, not just irrigation." }] }, { "code" : "230854002", "display" : "Irrigation of subcutaneous reservoir connecting to brain lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An Ommaya/subcutaneous reservoir is an intracranial device, and irrigating it constitutes management; AAE.SN.AA is broader, encompassing all forms of ventricular device management, and the reservoir target may not strictly be ventricular." }] }, { "code" : "23214004", "display" : "Irrigation of ureteral catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"irrigation of ureteral catheter\" code; NAE.SN.AC covers management (including flushing/patency maintenance) of an internal ureteral device, encompassing but broader than irrigation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "29513000", "display" : "Irrigation with syringe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JA.AA", "display" : "Irrigation of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes irrigation as site-specific procedures; MRS.JA.AA is the closest non-site-specific entry. The SNOMED concept specifies the instrument (syringe) but not the anatomical target, making the ICHI code a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "4993009", "display" : "Ischemic limb exercise with EMG and lactic acid determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTM.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of exercise tolerance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific protocol combining ischemic limb exercise, EMG, and lactate measurement to assess muscle metabolic function; HTM.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering functional exercise testing without the ischemic stress, EMG, or lactate components." }] }, { "code" : "444908001", "display" : "Isolation nursing in negative pressure isolation environment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.VE.ZZ captures the core clinical act of isolating a person for infection control but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the nursing context and the negative pressure modality. No ICHI code encodes negative pressure specifically." }] }, { "code" : "40174006", "display" : "Isolation technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Isolation of a person for infection control", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Isolation technique\" maps to person isolation for infection control, though ICHI is more specific in naming the infection control purpose, whereas the SNOMED term is a broader procedural concept encompassing any isolation approach." }] }, { "code" : "169126006", "display" : "Isotope fat absorption", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An isotope fat absorption study (radiolabelled lipid administered orally with subsequent imaging/counting) falls within nuclear imaging studies of the GI tract; KZZ.BA.BE is broader, encompassing all nuclear GI imaging." }] }, { "code" : "169152000", "display" : "Isotope static scan lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated nuclear imaging code for lymph nodes specifically; DFO.BA.BE covers the lymphatic system broadly including nodes and vessels, wider than the SNOMED concept which targets lymph nodes in particular." }] }, { "code" : "19252005", "display" : "Isotope study for gastrointestinal blood loss", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE is the best available ICHI code for nuclear medicine GI studies (tagged red cell scans, Meckel scans), but it is wider, encompassing any nuclear imaging of the GI tract rather than being specific to blood loss localisation." }] }, { "code" : "11269009", "display" : "Isotope study for plasma volume", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to radiolabelled-albumin or isotope plasma volume determination; DTA.AB.ZZ is broader, covering any haematological measurement and not specifying the radioisotope or plasma compartment technique." }] }, { "code" : "33677003", "display" : "Isotope study of blood volume", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for Cr-51 or other radiolabelled total blood volume measurement; DTA.AB.ZZ is broader, encompassing all haematological function measurements rather than isotope-based blood volume studies specifically." }] }, { "code" : "723947007", "display" : "Isotretinoin therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Isotretinoin is taken orally, making \"Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice\" the closest functional match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers oral administration of any pharmacotherapy, not specifically isotretinoin or retinoid agents." }] }, { "code" : "1269441008", "display" : "Ixekizumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ixekizumab is a biologic monoclonal antibody (IL-17A inhibitor) administered subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AE captures the correct route and immunological agent class but is broader, covering any percutaneous immunological agent." }] }, { "code" : "173930002", "display" : "Jejunoscopy and insertion of tube prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.DL.AJ", "display" : "Percutaneous endoscopic insertion of internal device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a jejunoscopy combined with insertion of a tube prosthesis, whereas KBK.DL.AJ covers percutaneous endoscopic insertion of an internal device into small intestine broadly, making it wider; no jejunum-specific endoscopic device insertion code exists." }] }, { "code" : "12523007", "display" : "Joint capsulodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Capsulodesis stabilises a joint by shortening/tightening the capsule; MRJ.LC.AA captures joint stabilisation at unspecified site but is broader, encompassing any stabilisation method rather than capsule-specific fixation." }] }, { "code" : "69264004", "display" : "Kaufman operation for urinary stress incontinence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Kaufman procedure addresses male stress incontinence via urethral compression or bladder-neck suspension; NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder-neck suspension procedures without specifying the Kaufman technique." }] }, { "code" : "238189001", "display" : "Keel repair of incisional hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated incisional (ventral) hernia code; PAL.MK.AA covers repair of abdominal wall in general and does not specify the incisional type or keel technique." }] }, { "code" : "6307005", "display" : "Keratophakia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of corneal implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Keratophakia is a specific refractive procedure inserting a lathed donor corneal stromal lens into the host cornea; BBB.DL.AC captures corneal implant insertion but is broader, covering any corneal implant." }] }, { "code" : "108025008", "display" : "Kidney destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all kidney destructive procedures (ablation, cryotherapy, lithotripsy); NAA.GA.AA refers specifically to open destruction of kidney lesion/tissue, the best single-code approximation." }] }, { "code" : "108022006", "display" : "Kidney excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JK.AA", "display" : "Nephrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Kidney excision\" is a broad grouping spanning local lesion excision, partial, total, and radical nephrectomy; NAA.JK.AA is the prototypical excision but does not represent the whole grouper." }] }, { "code" : "359870000", "display" : "Kirby Bauer test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test is a specific technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; XG50T0 covers all methods without distinguishing disk diffusion from other techniques." }] }, { "code" : "14029003", "display" : "Krypton laser photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Krypton laser photocoagulation is a laser-based destruction of retinal tissue, falling within BCC.GA.AA; ICHI does not specify the laser modality or photocoagulation technique." }] }, { "code" : "237024008", "display" : "Kustner's operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AC", "display" : "Total vaginal hysterectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Kustner's operation is a specific extraperitoneal vaginal hysterectomy technique using uterine inversion; NME.JK.AC captures the vaginal route and total removal but is broader as ICHI does not encode the extraperitoneal/inversion specificity." }] }, { "code" : "197357002", "display" : "Kutler amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Kutler procedure is fingertip reconstruction using bilateral V-Y advancement flaps with partial distal phalanx amputation; MGB.JN.AA captures the bone amputation but is broader and does not encode the V-Y plasty soft-tissue component." }] }, { "code" : "252206004", "display" : "L-dopa stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The L-dopa stimulation test is a specific pharmacological provocation test (typically growth hormone secretion); ETK.AA.ZZ covers all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to the pituitary axis or stimulatory paradigm." }] }, { "code" : "252207008", "display" : "L-dopa suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The L-dopa suppression test is a specific pharmacological dynamic test (typically prolactin); ETK.AA.ZZ does not capture the specific hormone axis, suppressive challenge design, or specific agent." }] }, { "code" : "37954002", "display" : "L.E. cell preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The L.E. cell preparation is a specific immunological blood test once used for lupus diagnosis; DTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of immunological system function." }] }, { "code" : "410394004", "display" : "Lab findings surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lab findings surveillance\" refers to systematic monitoring of laboratory result data (e.g., for syndromic surveillance); UBC.VC.ZZ is broader as it covers all forms of population public health surveillance." }] }, { "code" : "241420002", "display" : "Labeled serum amyloid protein study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A labeled serum amyloid P (SAP) scintigraphy is a whole-body nuclear medicine scan using a radiolabelled tracer to image amyloid deposits; PZA.BA.BE captures whole-body radioisotope imaging but does not specify the SAP tracer or amyloid indication." }] }, { "code" : "234905002", "display" : "Labial frenoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Labial frenoplasty is surgical reshaping or reconstruction of the lip frenulum specifically; KAA.MK.AA covers repair of the lip in general, with no ICHI code specific to frenoplasty." }] }, { "code" : "61324002", "display" : "Labor and delivery educational tour", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to childbirth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A labor and delivery educational tour is a guided facility visit to educate expectant parents; NUG.PM.ZZ covers all forms of childbirth education and does not distinguish the \"tour\" format." }] }, { "code" : "409005001", "display" : "Labor care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AI.AH", "display" : "Monitoring of delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Labor care\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering overall management during labour; ICHI offers only the narrower monitoring of delivery code, the closest structural match within the obstetric hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "127791007", "display" : "Laboratory test related to hemostasis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL1-XG1", "display" : "Essential laboratory tests", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains specific hemostasis-related laboratory tests (PT, PTT, platelet count) within the block but no single category code covers \"hemostasis testing\" as a class; the block grouping is broader than hemostasis tests alone." }] }, { "code" : "127795003", "display" : "Laboratory test related to immunohematology", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL1-XG1", "display" : "Essential laboratory tests", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains several immunohematology-specific tests within the block (ABO/Rh typing, cross-matching, DAT) but no single code covers \"laboratory test related to immunohematology\" as a category." }] }, { "code" : "765022009", "display" : "Lacto-vegetarian diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a specific dietary pattern such as lacto-vegetarian; UAB.DA.ZZ \"Food modification\" is the closest, considerably broader than the specific dietary regime." }] }, { "code" : "436661000124100", "display" : "Lactose modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish lactose modification as a specific diet intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ \"Food modification\" subsumes lactose modification but does not convey the specificity." }] }, { "code" : "231615007", "display" : "Lamellar division and slide of upper eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lamellar division and slide\" is a specific oculoplastic technique involving layered incision and tissue advancement; BAA.FA.AA captures the incision but not the slide/advancement component." }] }, { "code" : "38948000", "display" : "Lamellar keratoplasty with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.ML.AA covers keratoplasty generally but does not distinguish the lamellar (partial-thickness) technique from penetrating keratoplasty, nor specify autograft versus allograft." }] }, { "code" : "32788008", "display" : "Lamellar resection of sclera with implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lamellar scleral resection involves partial-thickness excision combined with implant placement; BCB.JI.AA captures the excision component but omits the implant insertion, so it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "440211003", "display" : "Laminectomy with release of tethered lumbar spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The defining clinical purpose is releasing a tethered lumbar spinal cord, captured by ABA.FC.AA; the laminectomy is the approach rather than the primary action, and the ICHI code does not specify lumbar level or bony resection." }] }, { "code" : "359586003", "display" : "Laminectomy with spinal fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laminectomy with spinal fusion is a combined procedure; MBZ.LE.AA codes the spinal fusion as the dominant intent but does not specify spinal level, and the laminectomy component is not separately represented." }] }, { "code" : "699797003", "display" : "Laminoplasty at C3 and C4 vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laminoplasty is a specific open technique to enlarge the spinal canal by reshaping the lamina at C3-C4; ABG.FC.AA captures the decompressive intent but does not specify the cervical level or laminoplasty technique." }] }, { "code" : "12132004", "display" : "Langenbeck operation, cleft palate repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Langenbeck operation is open repair of a cleft soft palate using bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps; KAS.MK.AA captures target and action but does not specify the Langenbeck flap technique or congenital cleft context." }] }, { "code" : "311624008", "display" : "Language elaboration approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Language elaboration is a specific speech-language therapy technique; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of mental language functions broadly but does not encode the specific elaboration methodology." }] }, { "code" : "311619005", "display" : "Language stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Language stimulation is a specific therapeutic strategy; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of language functions more broadly with no dedicated ICHI code for stimulation as a distinct technique." }] }, { "code" : "708628002", "display" : "Laparoscopic biopsy of lesion of peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.AD.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic biopsy of peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.AD.AB matches approach and target exactly but does not specify that the biopsy targets a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "1268346007", "display" : "Laparoscopic dissection of para-aortic lymph node group", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic total excision of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFF.JK.AB captures the laparoscopic approach and abdominopelvic nodal target but does not specify the para-aortic location." }] }, { "code" : "174041007", "display" : "Laparoscopic emergency appendectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBO.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic appendicectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBO.JK.AB matches the procedure exactly but does not capture the emergency qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "699738005", "display" : "Laparoscopic formation of cutaneous ureterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cutaneous ureterostomy is a specific form of urinary diversion; NAE.LI.AB captures laparoscopic diversion but is broader as it covers all diversion types." }] }, { "code" : "702603003", "display" : "Laparoscopic hysterosacropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hysterosacropexy is a specific uterine-suspension technique fixing the uterus to the sacral promontory; NME.LC.AB captures the suspension action but does not specify sacral attachment." }] }, { "code" : "1344651009", "display" : "Laparoscopic incision of bladder and removal of calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JE.AA captures the core clinical objective but does not specify the laparoscopic approach or the cystotomy step." }] }, { "code" : "438341004", "display" : "Laparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches laparoscopic approach and peritoneal cavity device implantation but does not specify a dialysis catheter." }] }, { "code" : "439825000", "display" : "Laparoscopic insertion of permanent intraperitoneal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DN.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic implantation of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.DN.AB covers laparoscopic placement of an internal device into the peritoneal cavity but lacks the permanence/catheter specificity." }] }, { "code" : "448166005", "display" : "Laparoscopic ligation of inferior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures occlusion (functional result of ligation) of an abdominal artery but does not specify the inferior mesenteric artery or laparoscopic approach." }] }, { "code" : "712992007", "display" : "Laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectum using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the laparoscopic partial rectal excision; the robotic-assistance and low-anterior specificity are not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "9540004", "display" : "Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic release of abdominal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-unspecified laparoscopic adhesiolysis code; PAK.FC.AB matches the approach and release action but restricts the target to the abdominal region." }] }, { "code" : "782714009", "display" : "Laparoscopic pectopexy with fixation of fornix of vagina using mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.LC.AB covers laparoscopic vaginal suspension/fixation generally, but does not capture the pectineal-ligament fixation technique or mesh use specifics." }] }, { "code" : "1197604004", "display" : "Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures laparoscopic destruction of a kidney lesion but does not specify radiofrequency modality or restrict the target to neoplasm." }] }, { "code" : "773155004", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of epigastric hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures laparoscopic abdominal-wall reconstruction with prosthesis; does not distinguish epigastric site, biological mesh, or fascial closure." }] }, { "code" : "773157007", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of epigastric hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same code as the biological-mesh variant; ICHI does not distinguish epigastric site, synthetic vs biological mesh, or fascial closure." }] }, { "code" : "710785000", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best generic match for laparoscopic hernia repair when the hernia site is unspecified; ICHI has more specific codes for inguinal/femoral/umbilical hernias." }] }, { "code" : "773254008", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with anterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available code; does not encode incisional-hernia type, biological mesh, or anterior component separation technique." }] }, { "code" : "773256005", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with anterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available code; does not encode incisional-hernia type, synthetic mesh, or anterior component separation technique." }] }, { "code" : "773153006", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no incisional-hernia-specific code; PAL.ML.AB captures laparoscopic abdominal wall reconstruction with prosthesis but loses incisional, biological-mesh, and fascial-closure specificity." }] }, { "code" : "773151008", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the biological variant; ICHI does not differentiate synthetic vs biological mesh or incisional-hernia type." }] }, { "code" : "772774007", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of lumbar hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated lumbar-hernia code in ICHI; the abdominal-wall NOS reconstruction code is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "772773001", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of lumbar hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best available match; ICHI does not encode lumbar-hernia subtype, synthetic mesh, or fascial closure." }] }, { "code" : "772240007", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of spigelian hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spigelian hernia has no dedicated ICHI code; abdominal-wall NOS reconstruction is the closest available." }] }, { "code" : "772239005", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of spigelian hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the biological-mesh variant; ICHI lacks specific spigelian-hernia coding." }] }, { "code" : "773145003", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia using biological mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAO.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia with graft or prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches umbilical site and laparoscopic mesh repair but does not distinguish biological vs synthetic mesh or fascial closure." }] }, { "code" : "773149009", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia using synthetic mesh with fascial closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAO.ML.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernia with graft or prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the biological-mesh variant; mesh material is not differentiated in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1256087006", "display" : "Laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LB.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic anastomosis of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the laparoscopic rectal anastomosis re-establishing colorectal continuity; does not encode the colostomy takedown or Hartmann context." }] }, { "code" : "16226000", "display" : "Laparoscopic sterilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tubal occlusion is the canonical laparoscopic sterilization technique; the ICHI code is slightly broader as sterilization can also be achieved via salpingectomy." }] }, { "code" : "447344008", "display" : "Laparoscopic suturing of laceration of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suturing of a laceration is a specific repair technique; NAE.MK.AB covers laparoscopic ureteric repair more generally without specifying suturing or laceration cause." }] }, { "code" : "425814009", "display" : "Laparoscopic ultrasound examination of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures pancreatic ultrasound but does not specify the laparoscopic intraoperative approach." }] }, { "code" : "443870002", "display" : "Laparoscopy of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no rectum-specific laparoscopy code; the generic laparoscopy code is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "63185002", "display" : "Laparoscopy with biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's laparoscopic biopsy codes are all organ-specific; PAK.AE.AB is the only non-organ-specific laparoscopy code, but it omits the biopsy action." }] }, { "code" : "33015000", "display" : "Laparoscopy with fulguration of fallopian tube using electrical energy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.GA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic destruction of lesion of fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish fulguration (electrocoagulation) as a specific means; NMC.GA.AB covers laparoscopic destruction of a fallopian tube lesion by any method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies electrical energy." }] }, { "code" : "193331004", "display" : "Laparoscopy with occlusion of fallopian tube by device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AB precisely matches the laparoscopic approach and fallopian tube occlusion intent; the ICHI code does not specify that occlusion is achieved by device (vs. ligation, clip, ring), making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "112797003", "display" : "Laryngeal reinnervation by neuromuscular pedicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for laryngeal reinnervation or neuromuscular pedicle transfer; JAN.ML.AA is the broadest applicable surgical code covering complex reconstructive procedures on the larynx, of which reinnervation is one highly specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "252572002", "display" : "Laryngeal stroboscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.AE.AC", "display" : "Laryngoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngeal stroboscopy is a specialised form of laryngoscopy that uses stroboscopic light to assess vocal fold vibration; ICHI has only the generic laryngoscopy code without any stroboscopy-specific variant." }] }, { "code" : "35649009", "display" : "Laryngeal ventriculectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngeal ventriculectomy is the surgical removal of the laryngeal ventricle (saccule), a specific substructure within the larynx; ICHI has no code for this specific excision, so the closest available code is the broader local excision of larynx tissue." }] }, { "code" : "260662001", "display" : "Laryngectomy incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Laryngectomy incision\" refers to the surgical incision made as part of a laryngectomy procedure; ICHI's \"Incision of larynx\" is the closest structural match, though it is broader as it covers any incision of the larynx." }] }, { "code" : "78224006", "display" : "Laryngocentesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngocentesis is needle puncture and aspiration of the larynx; ICHI has no dedicated laryngocentesis code, but \"Drainage of larynx\" is the closest functional equivalent, being broader as it encompasses all drainage approaches." }] }, { "code" : "260663006", "display" : "Laryngofissure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngofissure is a midline incision through the thyroid cartilage to open the larynx, while \"Incision of larynx\" is broader and covers any incisional approach without specifying the midline thyroid cartilage split." }] }, { "code" : "173003009", "display" : "Laryngotracheal reconstruction using cartilage graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Reconstruction of larynx\" captures the reconstructive nature, but is broader: it does not specify the tracheal component of a laryngotracheal reconstruction nor the use of a cartilage graft as the means." }] }, { "code" : "59046001", "display" : "Laryngotracheobronchoscopy with biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic biopsy of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined endoscopic inspection of larynx, trachea, and bronchi with biopsy; ICHI captures the biopsy-via-endoscopy aspect at the most distal airway target but is broader in not specifying the full laryngotracheobronchoscopic scope." }] }, { "code" : "232547009", "display" : "Laryngotracheoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngotracheoplasty is a reconstructive procedure of the laryngotracheal complex; ICHI has no combined laryngotracheal reconstruction code, so JAN.ML.AA is the best single-axis fit, missing the tracheal reconstruction component." }] }, { "code" : "8917003", "display" : "Laryngotracheotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngotracheotomy is a combined incision through both the larynx and trachea; ICHI separates larynx incision (JAN.FA.AA) and trachea incision (JBA.FA.AA) with no combined code, so JAN.FA.AA does not capture the simultaneous tracheal component." }] }, { "code" : "51138002", "display" : "Laser beam destruction of lesion of vestibule of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vestibule of the mouth is a subsite of the oral cavity, and ICHI has no code specifically targeting the vestibule; KAZ.GA.AC covers destruction within the oral cavity NEC, broader than the specific vestibular site." }] }, { "code" : "231748003", "display" : "Laser capsulotomy of lens capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Capsulotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.FA.AA sits within the \"Interventions on lens\" block and directly represents capsulotomy of the lens capsule, matching target and action; the means axis does not reflect the laser approach, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "174339002", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.GA.AC precisely matches target (anus) and action (destruction of lesion), but the means axis does not specify laser, making it broader as it encompasses all destructive approaches." }] }, { "code" : "1366544002", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.GA.AA exactly matches target (penis) and action (destruction of lesion), but the means axis does not reflect the laser modality; the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish between laser and other destructive techniques." }] }, { "code" : "310662003", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA covers destruction of the retina broadly without specifying laser as the means, and describes destruction of the whole retina rather than a lesion specifically; broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176606005", "display" : "Laser destruction of lesion of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.GA.AA captures destruction of the vulva but does not specify laser as the means nor restrict the target to a lesion, making it broader on both means and target axes." }] }, { "code" : "302394000", "display" : "Laser destruction of skin lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No body-site-specific ICHI code for skin lesion destruction without an anatomical qualifier was found; LZZ.GA.AH is the residual NEC skin destruction code, broader because it does not specify laser nor restrict to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "252452009", "display" : "Laser Doppler", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser Doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive technique for measuring microvascular blood flow; ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI concept, wider because it encompasses all blood vessel function measurement methods." }] }, { "code" : "118162002", "display" : "Laser enucleation of the prostate with intravesical morcellation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP/ThuLEP) is a transurethral endoscopic removal; NGA.JJ.AD is the best match but is wider as it does not specify laser as the means nor the intravesical morcellation step." }] }, { "code" : "708857001", "display" : "Laser goniopuncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AC", "display" : "Goniopuncture without goniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.LI.AC is the closest ICHI code and correctly captures goniopuncture of the anterior chamber, but it specifies \"without goniotomy\" and does not encode the laser means, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "371345007", "display" : "Laser peripheral iridotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.FA.AA", "display" : "Iridotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBC.FA.AA correctly captures the incision of the iris target and action, but the ICHI code does not specify the laser means nor the peripheral location, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "58889009", "display" : "Laser retinopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser retinopexy uses focal laser photocoagulation to create chorioretinal adhesions; BCC.GA.AA captures this destructive action on the retina but is broader as it does not specify laser, retinopexy as the purpose, or restrict to focal lesion treatment." }] }, { "code" : "231718001", "display" : "Laser sclerostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sclerostomy is the creation of a fistulous opening through the sclera (incision/perforation) to lower intraocular pressure; BCB.FA.AA captures this action but does not specify laser means or drainage purpose." }] }, { "code" : "235267008", "display" : "Laser treatment of duodenal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laser treatment of a duodenal lesion is delivered endoscopically and acts by destroying the lesion tissue; KBI.GA.AD is wider because it does not specify laser as the means and covers any endoscopic destructive modality." }] }, { "code" : "367486006", "display" : "Lasègue test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Lasègue (straight leg raise) test is a clinical provocation manoeuvre to assess lumbar nerve root irritation; no ICHI code exists for this specific test, so the NEC neurological assessment residual is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "17078001", "display" : "Lateral fasciotomy of elbow with stripping", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEL.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of ligament or fascia of elbow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the fasciotomy at the elbow, but does not represent the additional stripping component or the lateral specificity of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "11232006", "display" : "Lateral fasciotomy with annular ligament of finger resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the dominant component — resection of the annular ligament of the finger — but does not distinguish the accompanying fasciotomy, the specific annular ligament, or the lateral approach." }] }, { "code" : "309727002", "display" : "Lateral pharyngotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.FA.AA", "display" : "Oral pharyngotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Oral pharyngotomy\" is the only pharyngotomy code available and matches the core procedure, but it does not distinguish the lateral surgical approach or applicability to the lateral pharyngeal wall." }] }, { "code" : "52534009", "display" : "Lateral retinacula release of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of ligament of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code is \"Division of ligament of knee,\" which captures the open division/release action at the knee but classifies the structure as ligament rather than retinaculum (fascia), and does not encode the lateral specificity." }] }, { "code" : "274970004", "display" : "Lateral tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single generic \"Tracheostomy\" code with no variant distinguishing lateral from standard technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "250177007", "display" : "Human leukocyte antigen genotype determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HLA genotype determination is a specific molecular/immunogenotyping test, but ICHI has no dedicated code for HLA typing; DTB.AC.ZZ is the closest match within the immunological system function block but is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "1366475009", "display" : "Hybrid ventilation treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hybrid ventilation (combining invasive and non-invasive modes) is a specific ventilation strategy not individually coded in ICHI; JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code for mechanical respiratory support and is broader, covering all forms of artificial ventilation." }] }, { "code" : "252203007", "display" : "Hydrocortisone infusion test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hydrocortisone infusion test is a dynamic provocative test of the HPA axis; ICHI has no specific code, so the broader endocrine gland functional assessment is the best available match without capturing the pharmacological challenge methodology." }] }, { "code" : "252204001", "display" : "Hydrocortisone suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the infusion test, the suppression test is an endocrine provocative test of adrenal-pituitary function with no specific ICHI category; the broader endocrine gland functional assessment is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "431345000", "display" : "Hydrodistension of glenohumeral joint using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hydrodistension is a therapeutic distension of the glenohumeral joint capsule via percutaneous injection under imaging guidance; MDJ.DB.AE is the closest code but does not capture ultrasound guidance or the capsular distension intent." }] }, { "code" : "252233000", "display" : "Hydrogen breath test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hydrogen breath test assesses carbohydrate malabsorption or SIBO via exhaled hydrogen after an oral substrate load; no specific ICHI code exists, so the NEC residual digestive function test is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "60453007", "display" : "Hydrotherapy in Hubbard tank", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Hubbard tank is a full-body immersion hydrotherapy device, semantically congruent with PZA.ZZ.BS; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the Hubbard tank as the instrument." }] }, { "code" : "113132006", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with cold packs or compresses", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cold-pack/compress hydrotherapy; PZX.SE.ZZ captures the core therapeutic action (cooling) but is broader and not specific to water-based cold application." }] }, { "code" : "397844004", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with hot packs or compresses", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for hot-pack/compress hydrotherapy; PZX.SD.BQ captures the warming intent but is broader and not restricted to water-based heat application." }] }, { "code" : "113133001", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with whirlpool bath", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.ZZ.BS", "display" : "Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Whirlpool bath is a form of full-body immersion hydrotherapy; PZA.ZZ.BS is the nearest ICHI code but is broader as it covers all full-immersion hydrotherapy without specifying the whirlpool modality." }] }, { "code" : "782709005", "display" : "Hydroxychloroquine therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no drug-specific codes for hydroxychloroquine or DMARDs/antimalarials; PZX.TI.ZZ represents pharmacotherapy prescription at unspecified site and is the closest available category." }] }, { "code" : "236955007", "display" : "Hyperalimentation of fetus through amniotic cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.DG.AE", "display" : "Fetal infusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.DG.AE covers infusion to a fetal structure via percutaneous (intra-amniotic) approach, aligning with delivery mechanism and fetal target; however, it does not specify nutritional/hyperalimentation intent." }] }, { "code" : "25304009", "display" : "Hypochondrial hernioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hernioplasty of the hypochondrial region maps best to \"Reconstruction of abdominal wall\"; ICHI is broader because it does not specify the hypochondrial subregion and reconstruction covers more than hernioplasty." }] }, { "code" : "112946002", "display" : "Hypogastric plexectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for hypogastric plexus excision; the closest procedural code is excision of peripheral nerve, which is broader as it encompasses any peripheral nerve." }] }, { "code" : "398772000", "display" : "Hypoglycemia education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to hypoglycemia education; ETB.PM.ZZ is the closest available code but covers education about all metabolic functions, not just hypoglycemia." }] }, { "code" : "372033006", "display" : "Hypothermia risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of thermoregulatory function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypothermia is a failure of thermoregulation, so risk assessment falls under assessment of thermoregulatory function; the ICHI code is wider as it covers thermoregulatory assessment broadly, not specific risk-screening." }] }, { "code" : "24068006", "display" : "Hysterectomy for removal of hydatidiform mole", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AA", "display" : "Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies hysterectomy for the indication of hydatidiform mole removal; NME.JK.AA is indication-neutral and does not capture the mole pathology, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "392000009", "display" : "Hysterotomy for retained placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.FA.AA", "display" : "Hysterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.FA.AA covers hysterotomy as a general procedure without specifying the purpose of removing a retained placenta; no ICHI code exists for hysterotomy specifically performed for retained placenta." }] }, { "code" : "26578004", "display" : "Hysterotomy with removal of hydatidiform mole", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.FA.AA", "display" : "Hysterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for evacuation of a hydatidiform mole by hysterotomy; molar disease is not explicitly represented, so the generic hysterotomy code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "711024000", "display" : "Identification of altered perception", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of perceptual function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of perceptual functions broadly, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to identifying an altered/abnormal perceptual state rather than general perceptual assessment." }] }, { "code" : "120640001", "display" : "Laxative identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Laxative identification\" is a clinical act of identifying/assessing a specific class of medication; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications generically and is broader, encompassing assessment of any medication rather than specifically laxatives." }] }, { "code" : "413126003", "display" : "Learning disabilities health assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for health assessment of people with intellectual/learning disabilities; PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment) is the closest code but is broader, covering any person rather than this population-targeted assessment." }] }, { "code" : "761887006", "display" : "Lee Silverman Voice Treatment LOUD", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LSVT LOUD is a structured intensive voice treatment for hypophonia in Parkinson's disease; JUB.PH.ZZ correctly captures the target (voice function) and training action but does not encode the LSVT LOUD protocol or Parkinson's context." }] }, { "code" : "717837005", "display" : "Leflunomide therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Leflunomide is an oral DMARD; ICHI has no drug-specific codes, so PZA.DB.AC captures the oral route of administration but is substantially broader, covering any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent." }] }, { "code" : "401222009", "display" : "Left dorsalis pedis ABPI", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ankle-brachial pressure index at the dorsalis pedis is a non-invasive sphygmomanometric measurement; ITA.AB.AH is the closest available code but does not encode the dorsalis pedis site, laterality, or the calculated ratio nature of the ABPI test." }] }, { "code" : "1303663006", "display" : "Left hip joint denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated hip joint denervation code; ACA.GA.AA captures the procedure type (destruction of peripheral nerve) but does not specify the hip joint target or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1052229001", "display" : "Left inguinal herniotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes inguinal hernia repair without distinguishing herniotomy (sac ligation) from herniorrhaphy; PAM.MK.AA is the non-mesh open repair code, broader than the herniotomy-specific technique and not encoding left-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "401224005", "display" : "Left posterior tibial ABPI", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated ABPI code; ITB.AB.AH (measurement of blood vessel functions) is the best functional fit, broader as it does not specify the ankle-brachial ratio, the posterior tibial artery site, or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1303667007", "display" : "Left wrist joint region denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated wrist joint denervation code; ACA.GA.AA covers the procedure class (open destruction of sensory nerve supply) but is broader, not specific to the wrist joint region nor carrying laterality." }] }, { "code" : "410395003", "display" : "Legal system surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEJ.VC.ZZ covers public health surveillance in the legal-services domain; broader because it covers all surveillance across that entire domain while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to surveillance of individuals within the legal system." }] }, { "code" : "406166003", "display" : "Legal testimony", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for giving legal testimony or expert witness work; UEJ.RG.ZZ broadly covers delivery of legal services including testimony, making it wider than the specific act of providing testimony." }] }, { "code" : "406875003", "display" : "Leishman stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode individual staining techniques; XG06E8 (peripheral blood film examination) is the closest match as the standard investigation for which Leishman staining is the preparatory technique, and is wider as it encompasses the whole examination rather than the staining step alone." }] }, { "code" : "726600009", "display" : "Lenalidomide therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode individual drugs; lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent so PZA.DB.AC is the best structural fit, substantially wider as it covers any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent." }] }, { "code" : "50054007", "display" : "Lengthening of bone for reconstruction of thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LK.AA is the limb-lengthening code for any bone of the hand or finger; wider than the SNOMED concept because it covers all fingers and hand bones, not exclusively the thumb, and does not specify the reconstructive purpose." }] }, { "code" : "90115004", "display" : "Lengthening of bone of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.LK.AA covers tibia and fibula together while the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia alone; the procedure type matches but the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "64754005", "display" : "Lengthening of bone of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures on bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have an ulna-specific limb lengthening code; MFB.LK.AA covers all bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), making it broader than the ulna-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "25355002", "display" : "Lengthening of bone with bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing bone-graft technique combined with limb lengthening; MRB.LK.AA matches the action (limb lengthening, unspecified site) but does not encode the bone-graft means, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "448894000", "display" : "Lengthening of metacarpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LK.AA covers all bones of hand or finger while the SNOMED concept is restricted to metacarpal bones; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "448927001", "display" : "Lengthening of metatarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LK.AA", "display" : "Lengthening procedure of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOB.LK.AA covers all bones of foot or toe while the SNOMED concept is restricted to metatarsal bones; the ICHI code is broader, with the procedure type and anatomical region matching directly." }] }, { "code" : "232749009", "display" : "Lengthening operation on mitral papillary muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The papillary muscles form part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus and lengthening is a specific subvalvar repair technique; HDF.MK.AA covers all forms of mitral subvalvar repair and is therefore broader than this precise lengthening procedure." }] }, { "code" : "232787001", "display" : "Lengthening operation on tricuspid papillary muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tricuspid papillary muscles are part of the tricuspid subvalvar apparatus; lengthening of the papillary muscle is captured only at the broader level by HDH.MK.AA, which covers all forms of tricuspid valve or subvalvar repair." }] }, { "code" : "1338037003", "display" : "Lercanidipine therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have codes for individual drug agents or drug classes; PZX.TI.ZZ (pharmacotherapy prescription) covers prescribing of any pharmacological agent and is therefore considerably broader than therapy with the specific calcium-channel blocker lercanidipine." }] }, { "code" : "57425007", "display" : "Leukocyte poor blood preparation, invert-spin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for leukoreduction or specific blood-component processing techniques; DIA.JH.AF is the closest code in the interventions-on-blood block, but does not capture the invert-spin centrifugation technique, making it a broad and imprecise match." }] }, { "code" : "1153513004", "display" : "Liaising with health care provider on medication regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.TD.ZZ captures collaboration about medications but does not restrict the partner to a health-care provider nor specify the focus on the regime/plan, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "225971008", "display" : "Liaising with multidisciplinary team", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCK.TD.ZZ captures inter-professional collaboration with health professionals, exactly what liaising with an MDT entails; wider because it does not distinguish team-based from individual-provider collaboration." }] }, { "code" : "709763007", "display" : "Liaising with nutritionist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nutritionist is a health professional, so UCK.TD.ZZ structurally covers this concept; wider because it does not specify nutritionist/dietitian and no nutrition-focused inter-professional liaison code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "709756007", "display" : "Liaising with pain management specialist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCK.TD.ZZ captures the act of collaborating/liaising with a health professional, which is the core activity in this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific professional type (pain management specialist). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709757003", "display" : "Liaising with pharmacist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pharmacist is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ represents the collaborative liaison activity with health professionals generally, but ICHI does not encode the specific professional discipline (pharmacist). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709755006", "display" : "Liaising with physician", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A physician is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ represents the collaborative liaison activity with health professionals generally. ICHI lacks a code specific to liaising with a physician, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "1155758005", "display" : "Liaising with physiotherapist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A physiotherapist is a health professional, and UCK.TD.ZZ encodes collaboration/liaison with health professionals as a class. ICHI does not distinguish the specific profession, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428453008", "display" : "Liaising with police regarding subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCL.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from other professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Police are non-health professionals, so UCL.TD.ZZ (collaboration with other professionals) is the closest available ICHI code for this liaison activity. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all non-health professionals and does not restrict to police or specify the subject matter." }] }, { "code" : "225968000", "display" : "Liaising with relative", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from immediate family", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Liaising with relative\" is a specific act of communication between a clinician and a family member, which fits within ICHI's concept of collaboration relating to immediate family support; however, UCB.TD.ZZ is broader, covering all collaboration on immediate family support beyond just a single liaison act, and does not distinguish extended family/relatives." }] }, { "code" : "225984004", "display" : "Liaising with speech and language therapist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Collaboration relating to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Liaising with speech and language therapist\" is a specific inter-professional communication with a named health professional, which maps best to ICHI's collaboration code for health professional support; UCK.TD.ZZ is wider because it covers all health professionals, not just speech and language therapists, and encompasses broader collaboration rather than a single liaison event." }] }, { "code" : "699826006", "display" : "Lifestyle education regarding risk of diabetes", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VE1.PM.ZZ covers education targeting lifestyle behaviours in general, which encompasses the diabetes-risk-reduction intent of the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI has no code specific to metabolic disease risk or diabetes prevention, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1231510004", "display" : "Lift-off test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lift-off (Gerber) test is a specific clinical examination maneuver for the shoulder subscapularis muscle; ICHI has no named orthopaedic provocation tests or shoulder-specific clinical tests, making the generic \"physical examination of a body site, NEC\" catch-all the only available code, which is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "61798009", "display" : "Ligamentous reconstruction of knee, extra-articular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA captures reconstruction of knee ligaments in general but does not distinguish between extra-articular and intra-articular approaches; the SNOMED concept is more specific, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "59175005", "display" : "Ligamentous reconstruction of knee, intra-articular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA covers knee ligament reconstruction without specifying the intra-articular approach (typically ACL or PCL); the arthroscopic variant is more technique-specific but still does not encode the intra-articular distinction, so the best available code remains wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "21115002", "display" : "Ligation for closure of lacrimal punctum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ligation of the lacrimal punctum is a specific method of occluding the lacrimal drainage system at the punctal level, which ICHI captures as occlusion of the lacrimal apparatus — a broader target (whole apparatus rather than punctum specifically) and an unspecified means rather than ligation in particular." }] }, { "code" : "175788008", "display" : "Ligation of acquired arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ligation of an AV fistula is an open surgical occlusion of an abnormal arteriovenous connection; ICHI has no dedicated AV fistula ligation code, and \"occlusion of blood vessel NEC\" is the closest concept covering the action (occlusion) on a generic vessel target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the AV nature and the acquired etiology." }] }, { "code" : "1144700008", "display" : "Ligation of aneurysm of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm ligation; ligation of an arterial aneurysm is fundamentally a repair procedure on an artery, and \"repair of artery NEC\" is the best available parent concept, though it is broader as it encompasses all non-specified arterial repair techniques and targets beyond aneurysm ligation." }] }, { "code" : "175706005", "display" : "Ligation of aneurysm of popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with ligation of aneurysm of artery generally, ICHI has no dedicated code for popliteal aneurysm ligation; \"repair of artery NEC\" is the best available match but is significantly broader, covering any non-specified arterial repair regardless of location or technique." }] }, { "code" : "438546008", "display" : "Ligation of arteriovenous dialysis fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for ligation/closure of a dialysis AV fistula specifically; \"Management of arteriovenous shunt\" (IZA.SN.AF) is the closest available code, but it is broader — encompassing all management actions on an AV shunt, not specifically ligation and not restricted to dialysis access." }] }, { "code" : "438548009", "display" : "Ligation of arteriovenous dialysis graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the dialysis fistula concept, ICHI does not distinguish between a native AV fistula and a synthetic AV graft for dialysis access; \"Management of arteriovenous shunt\" is the best available code but covers a broader action (management, not specifically ligation) and does not capture the graft-vs-fistula distinction." }] }, { "code" : "448237004", "display" : "Ligation of arteriovenous fistula of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for ligation of an AV fistula of an extremity; \"Management of arteriovenous shunt\" covers AV shunt interventions broadly but does not restrict to ligation or to extremity location, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448110005", "display" : "Ligation of common and superficial and deep femoral arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a femoral-artery-specific ligation code; IFA.LA.AA covers any occlusion (including ligation) of any lower-limb artery, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies three named femoral vessels simultaneously. Ligation is semantically a subtype of occlusion, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "172813005", "display" : "Ligation of ethmoid artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the ethmoid artery or anterior ethmoidal artery ligation; IBA.LA.AA covers open occlusion of any extracranial artery of the head and neck, which subsumes ethmoid artery ligation but is broader in anatomical scope. The ethmoid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, not the carotid trunk, making the non-specific head and neck artery code a better fit than the carotid-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "46912008", "display" : "Ligation of external carotid artery for nasal hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBB.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IBB.LA.AA covers open occlusion of the extracranial carotid artery, which directly matches ligation of the external carotid artery as an intervention type and target; however, ICHI does not encode the clinical indication (nasal hemorrhage) nor distinguish external from common/internal carotid, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "259324000", "display" : "Ligation of fallopian tube with crushing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA is the open (non-laparoscopic) occlusion of fallopian tubes code and is the best available match for tubal ligation, which is a form of fallopian tube occlusion; however, ICHI does not differentiate the specific technique of ligation-with-crushing (the Madlener method), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405310000", "display" : "Ligation of gonadal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gonadal vein (ovarian or spermatic vein) is an abdominal/pelvic vein, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IED.LA.AA is the best available match. However, ICHI does not have a code specific to the gonadal vein, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "395139009", "display" : "Ligation of inferior mesenteric artery with preservation of ascending left colic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inferior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, making IEA.LA.AA the best available match; however, ICHI has no code specific to the inferior mesenteric artery, and the SNOMED concept's additional specificity (preservation of the ascending left colic artery) is entirely unrepresented." }] }, { "code" : "7017002", "display" : "Ligation of internal jugular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The internal jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IBD.LA.AA is the best available match; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal jugular vein, making this broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230899005", "display" : "Ligation of intracranial aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical ligation (clipping) of an intracranial aneurysm is classified under occlusion of intracranial artery in ICHI, which is the most specific available code; however, the ICHI code covers occlusion of any intracranial artery for any reason, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets an aneurysm, making ICHI broader." }] }, { "code" : "230903003", "display" : "Ligation of intracranial vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to any intracranial vessel (artery or vein), but the best-fitting ICHI code is specific to the intracranial artery; the intracranial vein block contains only imaging codes, leaving IAA.LA.AA as the closest assignable code despite it being narrower on the vessel type axis." }] }, { "code" : "178323002", "display" : "Ligation of lymphatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lymphatic duct\" is a general term covering the thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, and others; DFO.LA.AA covers lymphatic vessels other than the thoracic duct, making it slightly broader than the specific duct intended, but it is the best match at the unspecified lymphatic duct level — DFP.LA.AA (thoracic duct) would be more specific but presupposes a particular duct not named in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "301084004", "display" : "Ligation of maxillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the maxillary artery — it is classified as an artery of the head and neck, and IBA.LA.AA is the closest assignable code covering open occlusion of head and neck arteries; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all extracranial head and neck arteries, not the maxillary artery alone." }] }, { "code" : "235491002", "display" : "Ligation of pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCO", "display" : "Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific ligation/occlusion code for the pancreatic duct — the pancreatic duct block (BlockL5-KCO) covers all interventions on the pancreas and pancreatic duct but does not include a dedicated ligation category. The block is the closest assignable grouping, and is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176565000", "display" : "Ligation of saphenocorporal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A saphenocorporal shunt is an abnormal connection between the great saphenous vein and the corpus cavernosum; ligation of this shunt functionally constitutes occlusion of the lower limb vein component. IFD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lower limb vein) is broader than this specific shunt ligation but is the best available ICHI match within the lower limb vein block." }] }, { "code" : "450508005", "display" : "Ligation of sphenopalatine artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for ligation of a specific named nasal artery; sphenopalatine artery ligation is performed to control posterior epistaxis, making JAA.LA.AC the closest functional match, though it is broader as it encompasses all methods of epistaxis control regardless of technique or vessel." }] }, { "code" : "16246005", "display" : "Ligation of supernumerary fingers", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.LA.AH", "display" : "Ligation of supernumerary digit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the term \"digit\" which covers both fingers and toes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to fingers. The procedure (ligation) and target (supernumerary structure) are otherwise an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "35969002", "display" : "Ligation of supernumerary toes", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.LA.AH", "display" : "Ligation of supernumerary digit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the term \"digit\" which covers both fingers and toes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to toes. The procedure (ligation) and target (supernumerary structure) are otherwise an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "81532003", "display" : "Ligation of temporal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The temporal artery (both superficial and deep) is an extracranial artery of the head and neck, so IBA.LA.AA is the best available ICHI fit; however it covers all arteries of the head and neck, not just the temporal artery specifically, and \"occlusion\" encompasses ligation among other methods making the ICHI code broader on both the target and means dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "303136004", "display" : "Ligation of testicular vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The testicular (spermatic) vein drains into the abdominal/pelvic venous system (left side into renal vein, right side into IVC), and no specific ICHI code exists for this vessel; IED.LA.AA is the closest anatomical fit but covers all abdominal or pelvic veins, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "28738003", "display" : "Ligation of thoracic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of thoracic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDA.LA.AA precisely targets the thoracic artery, matching the anatomical target exactly; however \"occlusion\" is the broader ICHI action that subsumes ligation as one specific technique among several (e.g., clipping, embolisation), making the ICHI code wider on the means/action dimension." }] }, { "code" : "66077003", "display" : "Ligation of varicocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.LA.AA", "display" : "Ligation of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated varicocele ligation code; the closest match is ligation of the spermatic cord (NGD.LA.AA), which is the anatomical structure ligated during varicocele repair, but it is broader because it does not specify that only the dilated venous pampiniform plexus is targeted." }] }, { "code" : "446726006", "display" : "Ligation of varix of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "IED.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for ligation of a duodenal varix specifically; IED.LA.AA (occlusion of abdominal or pelvic vein) is the broadest applicable category covering venous occlusion in the abdominal region, but it does not capture the duodenal varix specificity or the ligation means." }] }, { "code" : "237018002", "display" : "Ligation or embolization of pelvic vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IEA", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI category covers both ligation and embolization of pelvic vessels together. The SNOMED concept spans both arteries and veins, and the block \"Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery\" best captures the arterial component, though it is broader because the SNOMED concept also includes veins and combines two procedural methods." }] }, { "code" : "176456009", "display" : "Ligation/excision of patent processus vaginalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LA.AE", "display" : "Ligation of patent processus vaginalis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.LA.AE precisely covers ligation of patent processus vaginalis, which is one of the two procedures in the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED term also includes excision, making the ICHI code wider relative to the combined ligation-or-excision intent. No separate ICHI code for excision of the processus vaginalis was found." }] }, { "code" : "427023009", "display" : "Limited translocation of macula", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for macular translocation surgery; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the only retinal repair category in the classification and subsumes macular translocation as one of many retinal repair procedures, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "397997006", "display" : "Lingual frenoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has KAB.FB.AC (Lingual fraenotomy) for simple division of the lingual frenulum, but frenoplasty is a reconstructive/reshaping procedure — not a mere incision — making KAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue) a better fit than fraenotomy, though it is broader as it covers all tongue repair procedures." }] }, { "code" : "119862008", "display" : "Lip closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of lip\" is the closest ICHI concept — it covers closure/suturing of the lip after a wound or surgical defect. ICHI does not distinguish closure specifically from other repair techniques, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119857007", "display" : "Lip excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Lip excision\" in SNOMED is a general category covering any excision of lip tissue, while ICHI offers \"Partial excision of lip\" (KAA.JJ.AA) as the best fit; the ICHI code is the broadest available excision code for lip — a total lip excision code does not exist separately, so this is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "119869004", "display" : "Lip transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lip transposition is a specific reconstructive technique where a flap of lip tissue is repositioned, which falls within the broader ICHI category of \"Reconstruction of lip\" (KAA.ML.AA); ICHI has no dedicated transposition-of-lip code, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "252463007", "display" : "Liquid crystals thermometry", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Liquid crystal thermometry is a specific technique for measuring body surface temperature; ETG.AB.ZZ covers body temperature measurement broadly without specifying the method or instrument, making the ICHI code wider than this particular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243157005", "display" : "Liquid ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Liquid ventilation is a specific form of artificial ventilation using a perfluorocarbon liquid medium (rather than gas), which has no dedicated ICHI code. JTB.DE.AC \"Artificial ventilation\" is the closest code but is broader, covering all forms of mechanical/artificial ventilatory support." }] }, { "code" : "386195006", "display" : "Lithotripsy of calculus of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.BJ matches the target (urinary bladder) and the destruction action (GA) precisely; however the ICHI title specifies extracorporeal shockwave as the means whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the technique. The shockwave means encoding makes the ICHI code the broadest available representation for bladder lithotripsy." }] }, { "code" : "27280000", "display" : "Liver transplant with recipient hepatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.KD.AA", "display" : "Liver transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.KD.AA is the single ICHI code for liver transplant and is the closest available match; the SNOMED concept adds the specific detail that a recipient hepatectomy is performed as part of the procedure, which is clinically implied in most orthotopic liver transplants but is not explicitly captured in the ICHI code, making ICHI broader." }] }, { "code" : "183258006", "display" : "Loan of crutches", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the act of providing (loaning) goods for personal mobility, which directly encompasses crutches as an axillary/elbow walking aid. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all mobility and transportation products rather than crutches specifically." }] }, { "code" : "183260008", "display" : "Loan of nebulizer", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nebulizer is a personal-use medical device for respiratory drug delivery; ICHI classifies providing such assistive/daily-living products under UAD.RD.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all personal daily-living products, not nebulizers specifically." }] }, { "code" : "183259003", "display" : "Loan of walking stick", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A walking stick (cane) is a personal mobility assistive product; ICHI groups provisioning of all such mobility goods under UAE.RD.ZZ. The code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a single device type, but it is the most specific ICHI code available for loaning walking aids." }] }, { "code" : "125571002", "display" : "Lobectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lobectomy is the surgical removal of one lobe of the lung, which is a partial excision of lung parenchyma; JBF.JJ.AA is the correct ICHI representation. The ICHI code is slightly wider because \"partial excision of lung\" encompasses any non-total lung resection (e.g., segmentectomy, wedge resection) and is not restricted to lobar resection." }] }, { "code" : "307015004", "display" : "Local anesthetic block of nerve plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for nerve plexus blocks; ACA.DC.AE is the closest structural equivalent, as nerve plexuses are part of the peripheral nervous system. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral nerve injection, not specifically a plexus block." }] }, { "code" : "431928000", "display" : "Local anesthetic block of spinal nerve root using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal nerve and is the best available ICHI match; however it does not distinguish spinal nerve root from the nerve trunk, nor does it capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231044008", "display" : "Local anesthetic block on spinal nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for injection of anaesthetic into a spinal nerve ganglion (dorsal root ganglion); ABN.DC.AE is the closest match as the dorsal root ganglion is anatomically part of the spinal nerve, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "231043002", "display" : "Local anesthetic block on spinal nerve root", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABN.DC.AE is the best available match as the spinal nerve root is the proximal portion of the spinal nerve, and ICHI does not distinguish nerve root from nerve trunk in its anaesthetic injection codes, making it semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "231210007", "display" : "Local anesthetic facet joint nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A facet joint nerve block targets the medial branch spinal nerves supplying the zygapophyseal joint; ICHI's ABN.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any spinal nerve percutaneously without specifying the facet joint target, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "231242001", "display" : "Local anesthetic glossopharyngeal nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.DC.AE is a direct structural match; however, it covers all cranial nerves rather than CN IX specifically, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "303355006", "display" : "Local anesthetic intravenous regional block", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AF", "display" : "Intravenous anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intravenous regional block (Bier block) is a technique of injecting local anaesthetic into a limb vein under tourniquet; PZA.DC.AF covers intravenous anaesthesia at the whole-body/unspecified level and does not capture the regional limb-isolation technique." }] }, { "code" : "734002009", "display" : "Local anesthetic lumbar paravertebral nerve block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbar paravertebral nerve block targets spinal nerves adjacent to the lumbar vertebral column; ABN.DC.AE covers anaesthetic injection into any spinal nerve percutaneously but does not specify the lumbar level or paravertebral approach." }] }, { "code" : "303507005", "display" : "Local anesthetic nerve block in head and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any local anaesthetic nerve block in the head or neck region; ACA.DC.AE covers peripheral nerve anaesthetic injection for any site without anatomical restriction, making it wider since ICHI lacks a dedicated head-and-neck nerve block grouper code." }] }, { "code" : "231161008", "display" : "Local anesthetic nerve block in lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the lower limb region. ICHI lacks region-specific peripheral nerve block codes." }] }, { "code" : "303508000", "display" : "Local anesthetic nerve block in trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE is the best available match for a nerve block, but it does not capture the trunk anatomical region. ICHI has no trunk-specific peripheral nerve block code." }] }, { "code" : "231129009", "display" : "Local anesthetic nerve block in upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE represents injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve but does not restrict to the upper limb. ICHI does not have upper-limb-specific peripheral nerve block codes." }] }, { "code" : "416427008", "display" : "Local anesthetic popliteal fossa block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The popliteal fossa block targets peripheral nerves at the popliteal fossa, but ICHI does not encode the specific access site or target nerve. ACA.DC.AE is the closest code but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "231166003", "display" : "Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies both a named nerve (sciatic) and a specific surgical approach (anterior), neither of which is encoded in ICHI's ACA.DC.AE. This code covers all peripheral nerve anaesthetic injections and is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "416743002", "display" : "Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; lateral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve percutaneously and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the sciatic nerve as the target or the lateral approach." }] }, { "code" : "231168002", "display" : "Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; lithotomy approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE is the best available ICHI code for sciatic nerve block but covers all peripheral nerves without specifying the sciatic nerve or the lithotomy approach." }] }, { "code" : "231167007", "display" : "Local anesthetic sciatic nerve block; posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE is the best available ICHI match for a sciatic nerve anaesthetic block but is broader, as it encompasses all peripheral nerves and does not encode the posterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "257758000", "display" : "Local application of hemostyptics", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemostyptics (topical agents applied to arrest bleeding) are a pharmacotherapy, and PZA.DB.AH captures topical pharmacotherapy application at an unspecified body site; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to hemostatic/styptic agents, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "182661005", "display" : "Local cooling therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Local cooling therapy\" refers to cooling applied to a specific body part, which aligns with peripheral cooling. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any peripheral cooling regardless of localisation or therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "18734000", "display" : "Local destruction of lesion of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to local destruction of a joint lesion without specifying a site, which aligns with the ICHI \"unspecified site\" code; however, ICHI's title also covers \"tissue\" (not just lesion), making it marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "11673002", "display" : "Local destruction of lesion of joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specific to the finger joint, while the ICHI code covers both finger and hand joints together; the ICHI code is therefore broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "34712001", "display" : "Local destruction of lesion of joint of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specific to the hand joint, while the ICHI code groups finger and hand joints under a single code, making the ICHI code anatomically broader." }] }, { "code" : "48032002", "display" : "Local destruction of lesion of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers destruction of both lesions and tissue of the trachea, while the SNOMED concept specifies only local destruction of a lesion; the ICHI title is slightly broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "52631006", "display" : "Local destruction of lesion of wrist joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI MFJ.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the wrist joint and is the closest available code; it is marginally broader because it also encompasses tissue destruction beyond a discrete lesion." }] }, { "code" : "40862005", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JI.AA is the ICHI residual/NEC code for local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue when no body-region-specific code applies; it matches the SNOMED concept well semantically, but is slightly broader as it serves as a catch-all for any unspecified body region." }] }, { "code" : "178033004", "display" : "Local fascial transposition flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1UU3", "display" : "Local flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1UU3 \"Local flap\" is an ICHI extension code representing the concept of a locally based tissue flap and is the closest available match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the fascial tissue type or the transposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "178221002", "display" : "Local muscle transposition flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes muscle transfer/transplantation at an unspecified site, which is the closest functional equivalent to a local muscle transposition flap, but does not distinguish \"local\" (pedicled, not free) flap technique from other transfers." }] }, { "code" : "287590002", "display" : "Local skin ultraviolet therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ultraviolet therapy is a form of phototherapy applied to skin, and this residual code captures phototherapy to skin not elsewhere classified, but it is broader as it encompasses all phototherapy modalities and does not distinguish localised from whole-body application." }] }, { "code" : "304101005", "display" : "Local transposition flap - random pattern", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1UU3", "display" : "Local flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1UU3 \"Local flap\" is the closest ICHI extension code for a locally raised skin flap, but it does not distinguish the random-pattern vascular supply or the transposition technique; the ICHI concept is broader." }] }, { "code" : "177442004", "display" : "Local transposition flap, fasciocutaneous", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1UU3", "display" : "Local flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1UU3 \"Local flap\" covers all locally raised flaps regardless of tissue composition; ICHI does not differentiate fasciocutaneous flaps from other local flap types, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "177427002", "display" : "Local transposition flap, myocutaneous", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1UU3", "display" : "Local flap", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1UU3 \"Local flap\" is the only ICHI extension code available for locally raised tissue flaps; it does not capture the muscle-and-skin (myocutaneous) composition specificity of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "278746002", "display" : "Long posterior flap incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.JN.AA", "display" : "Below knee amputation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Long posterior flap incision\" is a specific skin-flap technique used exclusively in transtibial (below-knee) amputations; ICHI encodes the overall procedure without distinguishing the flap incision variant." }] }, { "code" : "315043002", "display" : "Long term social support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.RG.ZZ covers the act of providing general social support services, which aligns with the substance of long-term social support, but the ICHI code does not capture the \"long term\" temporal dimension." }] }, { "code" : "36899001", "display" : "Loop electrosurgical excision procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LEEP is a specific electrosurgical technique for local excision of cervical lesions (typically CIN); NMF.JI.AC captures the target and action but does not specify the electrosurgical loop instrument, making the ICHI code broader in means/technique." }] }, { "code" : "15791006", "display" : "Lord operation orchiopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Lord operation is a specific open surgical technique for orchiopexy, but ICHI only has a generic open orchiopexy code, encompassing all open orchiopexy methods rather than this named variant." }] }, { "code" : "306819000", "display" : "Low power laser therapy to lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's phototherapy code matches the lower limb target and external light stimulation, but is broader because it encompasses all phototherapy modalities, not solely low-power laser." }] }, { "code" : "306817003", "display" : "Low power laser therapy to neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.SC.AH covers the correct anatomical region and light-stimulation action, but is wider as it groups head and neck together and encompasses all phototherapy modalities." }] }, { "code" : "306818008", "display" : "Low power laser therapy to trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.SC.AH matches the trunk target and external light stimulation axis but is broader because phototherapy covers all light-based modalities beyond low-power laser." }] }, { "code" : "306815006", "display" : "Low power laser therapy to upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAE.SC.AH captures the upper limb skin target and stimulation-by-external-light mechanism, but is not restricted to low-power laser and covers all phototherapy approaches." }] }, { "code" : "174035000", "display" : "Lower gastrointestinal procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED grouper covers all lower GI tract procedures; the closest ICHI structural fit is the broader GI tract interventions block, which also encompasses upper GI." }] }, { "code" : "788180009", "display" : "Lower uterine segment cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA covers caesarean delivery in general without distinguishing surgical approach or uterine incision site; the SNOMED concept specifies the lower uterine segment (transverse) technique." }] }, { "code" : "229141009", "display" : "Lumbar isometric flexion exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode region-specific or technique-specific exercise types; MU2.PG.ZZ is the closest available code but is far broader than the lumbar isometric flexion specificity." }] }, { "code" : "231062004", "display" : "Lumbar puncture to lower intracranial pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.AH.AE captures the lumbar puncture procedure but is indication-agnostic; the SNOMED concept encodes a specific therapeutic intent (reduction of ICP) that ICHI does not represent." }] }, { "code" : "438348005", "display" : "Lumbar puncture using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AH.AE", "display" : "Lumbar puncture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture code exists in ICHI; the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "72910005", "display" : "Lumbar sympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADD.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ADD.JK.AA is the best match for surgical excision of the lumbar sympathetic chain; it is slightly wider in that sympathectomy may also be partial or destructive, but total excision is the closest analogue." }] }, { "code" : "764913002", "display" : "Lumbar sympathetic plexus block using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADD.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into lumbar sympathetic nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ADD.DC.AE matches the procedure intent (anaesthetic injection of the lumbar sympathetic nerve) but does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229162005", "display" : "Lumbrical exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbrical exercises target the intrinsic hand (or foot) muscles; ICHI has no body-region-specific muscle exercise code, so MU2.PG.ZZ is much broader." }] }, { "code" : "252256009", "display" : "Lundh meal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Lundh meal test is a standardised oral provocative test of pancreatic exocrine function; ICHI has no specific code, so the broader digestive function test category is the closest fit." }] }, { "code" : "119756006", "display" : "Lung destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED grouper covers any procedure that destroys lung tissue; JBF.GA.AA represents open destruction of lung lesion/tissue — the most direct single assignable ICHI match." }] }, { "code" : "252472004", "display" : "Lung volume test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lung volume test is a specific pulmonary measurement (e.g., plethysmography, gas dilution); JTB.AC.ZZ covers any test of respiration function broadly, with no more specific lung-volume code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "63300003", "display" : "Lupus anticoagulant assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lupus anticoagulant assay is a specific coagulation test for phospholipid-dependent antibodies; DTA.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering all haematological system tests." }] }, { "code" : "122430003", "display" : "Lupus erythematosus factor assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The LE factor assay is a specific immunological diagnostic test; DTB.AC.ZZ covers immunological system tests broadly without specificity for this autoantibody assay." }] }, { "code" : "73178002", "display" : "Lymphangiectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lymphangiectomy is surgical excision of a lymphatic vessel; ICHI has no code for total/segmental excision, and this lesion-excision code is the closest match within the lymphatic vessel block." }] }, { "code" : "79950009", "display" : "Lymphangiorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lymphatic vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lymphangiorrhaphy is suture repair of a lymphatic vessel; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all repair techniques, not only suture." }] }, { "code" : "119950005", "display" : "Lymphatic system closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lymphatic vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of lymphatic vessels is the closest available ICHI match, though restricted to vessels rather than the broader lymphatic system referenced by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "363192009", "display" : "Lymphatic system observation", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"assessment\" of an unspecified lymphatic structure, encompassing various assessment modalities rather than the specific observational intent of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "723687004", "display" : "Lymphatic treatment method", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED grouper covers any treatment of the lymphatic system; the ICHI block is broader as it includes diagnostic and other non-treatment interventions as well." }] }, { "code" : "234299008", "display" : "Lymphonodovenous anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically a lymph-node-to-vein anastomosis; DFO.LB.AA covers lymphatic vessel anastomosis broadly without capturing the node-to-vein specificity." }] }, { "code" : "234300000", "display" : "Lymphovenous anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lymphovenous anastomosis (vessel-to-vein) falls within the broader category of lymphatic vessel anastomosis; ICHI does not distinguish the venous target." }] }, { "code" : "63120005", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of conjunctiva\" covers freeing the conjunctiva including from adhesions (e.g. symblepharon lysis), but the ICHI title is not restricted to adhesion lysis and thus encompasses a broader range of conjunctival release procedures." }] }, { "code" : "11276004", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of eyelid\" is the closest ICHI code and covers operative freeing of the eyelid including adhesion lysis, but is not restricted to adhesions (could cover symblepharon repair approaches or contracture release)." }] }, { "code" : "45347001", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of fascia of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code covers release of the fascia of the hand encompassing lysis of fascial adhesions, but is broader as it bundles ligament and fascia together and extends to the finger in addition to the hand." }] }, { "code" : "14759003", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of gallbladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of abdominal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no gallbladder-specific adhesion release code; the KCF (gallbladder) block contains no FC action code. PAK.FC.AA is the closest applicable code but is broader — encompassing all abdominal adhesions rather than specifically pericholecystic adhesions." }] }, { "code" : "5789003", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of intestines", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peritoneal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no intestine-specific adhesion release code; lysis of intestinal adhesions is clinically performed on the peritoneal attachments around the bowel, making KMA.FC.AA the best clinical equivalent though it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "60907009", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.FC.AC", "display" : "Release of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's middle ear release code exists but is titled \"not elsewhere classified,\" meaning it is a residual/catch-all for all middle ear release procedures rather than being adhesion-specific; broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "7040003", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for release of adhesions of a nerve ganglion; ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system and ACA.FC.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader covering the entire peripheral nerve and not limited to adhesiolysis." }] }, { "code" : "21228001", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.FC.AA is the closest available ICHI code for ovarian adhesiolysis, but its title \"Release of ovary\" is broader than adhesion lysis specifically — it encompasses any release procedure on the ovary, not exclusively adhesions." }] }, { "code" : "55369000", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peritoneal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"release of adhesions of spleen\" code; splenic adhesions are perisplenic/peritoneal in nature, so KMA.FC.AA is the closest available code but is broader as it covers any peritoneal adhesion." }] }, { "code" : "112982007", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peritoneal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"release of adhesions of stomach\" category; gastric adhesions are peritoneal in nature, making KMA.FC.AA the best available code, though it is broader as it covers all peritoneal adhesiolysis." }] }, { "code" : "44322007", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"release of adhesions of tendon\" code, but MRT.FC.AA captures the same action on an unspecified tendon target. It is wider because the ICHI code is not adhesion-specific and covers any tendon release." }] }, { "code" : "440097007", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of triceps tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the triceps tendon — the upper arm tendon block contains only repair and reconstruction codes, not release. MRT.FC.AA is the closest code using the same action axis on a tendon, but lacks site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "629006", "display" : "Lysis of adhesions of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.FC.AA is titled \"Release of urethra\" rather than specifically \"release of urethral adhesions,\" making it broader — it could encompass release from any cause (stricture, fibrosis, adhesions) rather than adhesiolysis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "55931003", "display" : "Lysis of anterior adhesions of iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBC.FC.AA covers release of the iris generally without specifying the type or location of adhesions (anterior synechiae). The ICHI code is broader, as it does not distinguish anterior from posterior iris adhesions." }] }, { "code" : "52150005", "display" : "Lysis of goniosynechiae", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Goniosynechiae are peripheral anterior synechiae where the iris adheres to the trabecular meshwork; lysis is effectively a release of the iris from the angle. \"Release of iris\" is the closest ICHI code but is broader as it does not specify the gonioscopic context or synechiae nature." }] }, { "code" : "60758002", "display" : "Lysis of pelvic adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peritoneal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pelvic adhesions are most commonly peritoneal adhesions within the pelvic cavity; \"Release of peritoneal adhesions\" is the closest ICHI match and represents the same fundamental procedure, but is broader because it is not anatomically restricted to the pelvis." }] }, { "code" : "9788004", "display" : "Lysis of penile adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of penis\" covers release procedures on the penis, encompassing lysis of penile adhesions (including preputial/foreskin adhesions); however it is broader as it does not specify the adhesion nature of the condition." }] }, { "code" : "38378000", "display" : "Lysis of perirectal adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for perirectal adhesion lysis; KBW.FC.AA targets the rectum with a release action via open approach, the anatomically closest code but broader since it covers the rectum generally rather than the perirectal tissue specifically." }] }, { "code" : "44958007", "display" : "Lysis of posterior adhesions of iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBC.FC.AA encodes the iris target with the release action, directly corresponding to synechiolysis of the iris; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish between anterior and posterior iris adhesions." }] }, { "code" : "709099008", "display" : "Lysis of vitreous in anterior chamber of eye using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.GA.AH targets the anterior chamber with a destruction/ablation action performed without incision, which broadly covers laser-based lysis of vitreous strands; it is wider because ICHI does not specify the vitreous as the tissue target or laser as the means." }] }, { "code" : "398239001", "display" : "MAC sedation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AF", "display" : "Intravenous anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAC (Monitored Anaesthesia Care) is a specific anaesthesia modality typically delivered intravenously with continuous patient monitoring; PZA.DC.AF is the closest ICHI category but is broader as it does not capture the \"monitored\" or \"minimal/moderate sedation\" distinction." }] }, { "code" : "437171000124100", "display" : "Magnesium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A magnesium modified diet is a specific form of dietary intervention, falling under food modification; UAB.DA.ZZ is broader as it covers any modification to food intake without specifying the nutrient, mineral, or therapeutic goal." }] }, { "code" : "66134002", "display" : "Magnet extraction of foreign body from cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cornea without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Magnet extraction of a corneal foreign body is a non-incisional removal technique, matching BBB.JD.AH well in target (cornea) and action (removal of foreign body without incision); the ICHI code is slightly wider as it does not specify the magnetic means." }] }, { "code" : "78290008", "display" : "Magnet extraction of foreign body from iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from eyeball with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for foreign body removal specifically from the iris (the BBC iris block contains no JD action code). BZA.JD.AA covers removal of a foreign body from the eyeball with incision, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the iris and to a magnet-based technique." }] }, { "code" : "89788006", "display" : "Magnet extraction of foreign body from posterior segment of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.JD.AA matches the anatomical target (posterior segment of eye) and the action (removal of foreign body) precisely, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because ICHI does not distinguish the magnet-based extraction technique — the means axis uses AA (open approach) rather than specifying magnetics." }] }, { "code" : "37332006", "display" : "Magnet extraction of foreign body from sclera", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.JD.AA matches the scleral target and the foreign body removal action exactly, but is broader because ICHI does not encode the magnet technique as a distinct means; the SNOMED concept is additionally more specific by specifying magnetic extraction." }] }, { "code" : "18752000", "display" : "Magnet extraction of intraocular foreign body from anterior chamber of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.JD.AA precisely matches the anatomical target (anterior chamber of eye) and the removal action, but is broader because it encompasses all methods of foreign body removal and does not encode the magnet-based extraction technique specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "113091000", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single generic \"MRI\" code independent of anatomical target; PZA.BA.BH (MRI of whole body) is the closest topographically non-specific option, but it is broader than the undifferentiated SNOMED concept and technically implies a whole-body scan rather than a truly unspecified-site MRI." }] }, { "code" : "1156935009", "display" : "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a whole-body MR imaging code but does not distinguish MR spectroscopy (a functional/metabolic technique) from structural MRI — the ICHI code subsumes both under \"magnetic resonance imaging,\" making it broader than the specific SNOMED spectroscopy concept." }] }, { "code" : "697983005", "display" : "Maintenance of artificial sphincter of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers management of any internal device within the anus, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the maintenance of an artificial sphincter device. The action (ongoing device management/maintenance) and anatomical target match well, but ICHI is broader in device type." }] }, { "code" : "384745002", "display" : "Maintenance of gastrointestinal tract tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC covers management of stomas not classified elsewhere and is the broadest GI artificial-structure management code in ICHI, but it encompasses stoma management generally rather than being specific to tube maintenance in the gastrointestinal tract, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265575006", "display" : "Maintenance of prosthetic collar around neck of female urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to maintenance of a prosthetic collar at the bladder neck; NAI.SN.AC covers management of any internal device for the urinary bladder, which is broader in both anatomical site (bladder rather than bladder neck) and device type. The female-specific aspect is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "265583000", "display" : "Maintenance of prosthetic collar around neck of male urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as 265575006 — no ICHI code exists for a prosthetic collar specifically at the bladder neck; NAI.SN.AC (management of internal device for urinary bladder) is the closest available code, covering a broader anatomical site and device class without capturing the male-specific or bladder-neck-specific detail." }] }, { "code" : "423001006", "display" : "Maintenance of temporary epicardial cardiac pacemaker settings", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SN.AA covers management of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish temporary epicardial systems from permanent or endocardial ones, nor does it limit to settings adjustment; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both the type (temporary epicardial) and the action (settings maintenance)." }] }, { "code" : "265577003", "display" : "Maintenance of urinary bladder neck sphincter in female", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for maintenance of the bladder neck sphincter; NAI.SN.AC is the nearest available code representing device management at the bladder, but it does not capture the sphincter-specific or female-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1363534005", "display" : "Maintenance of wakefulness test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is a standardised sleep-medicine test that measures the ability to remain awake, and falls within ICHI's \"Test of sleep functions\" category. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all sleep function tests, not solely the MWT." }] }, { "code" : "77570000", "display" : "Major thoracotomy with removal of intrapleural foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.JD.AA captures the target (pleura) and action (removal of foreign body) precisely, and the open approach (AA means = open) aligns with a major thoracotomy. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the approach is a major (full) thoracotomy as opposed to a smaller open incision." }] }, { "code" : "1208764008", "display" : "Male hypospadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hypospadias repair is performed by reconstructing the urethra to its normal anatomical position and calibre, which aligns directly with NAM.ML.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it also covers urethral reconstruction for causes other than hypospadias (e.g., stricture, trauma)." }] }, { "code" : "1254994005", "display" : "Mammalian meat free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Food modification\" (UAB.DA.ZZ) captures the concept of altering what a person consumes, but it is far broader than specifying a mammalian-meat-free dietary restriction; no ICHI code represents a specific named exclusion diet at this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "1220572004", "display" : "Mammography guided biopsy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous needle biopsy of breast, which is the correct procedural action and target, but the ICHI code does not specify mammographic (X-ray) guidance as the means; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming the imaging modality used." }] }, { "code" : "57401004", "display" : "Mammoplasty with full thickness graft of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the breast using open approach, which encompasses procedures involving grafting, but it does not specify that the technique uses a full-thickness skin graft; the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding the graft type employed." }] }, { "code" : "49770002", "display" : "Mammoplasty with pedicle graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA captures breast reconstruction broadly, including pedicle flap techniques, but is not specific to the pedicle graft approach — the ICHI code subsumes all breast reconstruction methods. The extension code XG9JE8 (Pedicle flap) could be appended for greater specificity, but the base code alone is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710060004", "display" : "Management of anxiety", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anxiety is a disturbance of emotional functions, and AUD.PP.ZZ (counselling on emotional functions) is the closest ICHI match for a clinical management/counselling intervention targeting anxiety; however it covers all emotional functions (not anxiety specifically), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "737899003", "display" : "Management of counseling for change in body image", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUL.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for experience of self and time functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Body image is classified within \"experience of self\" functions in ICHI, and AUL.PP.ZZ is counselling specifically targeting that functional domain; the code is slightly broader because it encompasses all experience-of-self and time functions, not solely body image change." }] }, { "code" : "431414003", "display" : "Management of external defibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.SC.AH covers the conversion of cardiac arrhythmia by any means (external electrical shock, pharmacological, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to external (transcutaneous) electrical defibrillation; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1163384002", "display" : "Management of infant formula in breastmilk", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to managing infant formula supplementation within a breastfeeding context; VEH.RB.ZZ covers the practical, hands-on clinical support of breastfeeding behaviours broadly, making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept of managing infant formula in breastmilk." }] }, { "code" : "1163381005", "display" : "Management of modular carbohydrate formula component in breastmilk", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any code for managing specific nutritional formula components (such as carbohydrate modulars) added to breastmilk; VEH.RB.ZZ is the best available parent category covering hands-on clinical management within the breastfeeding behaviour domain, but it is substantially broader than this granular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1163383008", "display" : "Management of modular lipid formula component in breastmilk", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEH.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the carbohydrate modular concept, ICHI has no code for managing lipid-specific formula components in breastmilk; VEH.RB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI category covering practical clinical support of breastfeeding, but it is far broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1163386000", "display" : "Management of modular plant fiber formula component in breastmilk", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for breastmilk fortification or specific formula supplementation; PZA.DA.ZZ (administering nutritional requirements, NEC applied to the whole body) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader as it does not capture the breastmilk context, modular nature, or plant-fiber specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1163385001", "display" : "Management of modular protein formula component in breastmilk", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the plant-fiber variant above, ICHI lacks any concept for protein-module supplementation of breastmilk; PZA.DA.ZZ is the broadest applicable nutritional administration code, but is significantly wider as it does not encode the breastmilk context or protein-module specificity." }] }, { "code" : "710064008", "display" : "Management of nephrostomy care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.SN.AD", "display" : "Management of internal device of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.SN.AD directly encodes management of an internal device within the kidney, which aligns well with ongoing nephrostomy tube care; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers any internal kidney device, not specifically a nephrostomy tube/stoma." }] }, { "code" : "408948002", "display" : "Management of prevention of harmful pattern of alcohol use", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VAA", "display" : "Interventions on alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically about preventing a harmful pattern of alcohol use (i.e., a targeted clinical management activity), while BlockL4-VAA encompasses the entire range of interventions on alcohol use behaviours — including assessment, counselling, education, advocacy, and policy. No single ICHI category code captures \"management of prevention\" of harmful alcohol use as a standalone act; the block is the closest reasonable match and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "408940009", "display" : "Management of prevention of harmful pattern of tobacco use", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VAB", "display" : "Interventions on tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parallel reasoning to the alcohol concept above: the SNOMED concept targets prevention of harmful tobacco use specifically, whereas BlockL4-VAB spans all interventions on tobacco use behaviours (assessment, counselling, education, legislation, etc.). No single ICHI category code maps to \"management of prevention\" of harmful tobacco use, making the block the best available — but broader — match." }] }, { "code" : "28301000", "display" : "Manchester-Fothergill operation on uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Manchester-Fothergill operation is a combined procedure involving transvaginal cervical amputation, anterior colporrhaphy, and uterine ligament shortening for uterine prolapse. ICHI lacks a specific code for this named operation; \"Reconstruction of uterus and surrounding structures\" (NME.ML.AA) is the broadest fitting category capturing the combined reconstructive intent, but it is wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "437181000124102", "display" : "Manganese modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a mineral-restricted or manganese-modified therapeutic diet; UAB.DA.ZZ \"Food modification\" is the nearest available code but is framed as a population/environmental food intervention and covers any food modification, making it broader than the specific clinical dietary intervention described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "71212008", "display" : "Manipulation of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"manipulation\" action for visceral organs; \"Exploration of adrenal gland\" (action AE = operative exposure and handling) is the closest available code, but it is broader in that exploration implies a diagnostic or assessment intent whereas manipulation is a non-specific operative intervention on the gland." }] }, { "code" : "84107005", "display" : "Manipulation of artery of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Exploration\" (action AE) is the closest ICHI action to a non-specific manipulation of an artery, covering operative exposure and handling of the lower-limb artery; however it carries a broader connotation of diagnostic surgical exposure rather than the unspecified operative manipulation implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "41122000", "display" : "Manipulation of artery of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Exploration\" (action AE) is the closest ICHI action for a non-specific manipulation of an artery, covering operative exposure and handling of the upper-limb artery; as with the lower-limb equivalent, exploration carries a broader or more diagnostically oriented connotation than the unspecified manipulation implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "70947003", "display" : "Manipulation of carpal region with application of splint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.PA.AH captures the primary therapeutic act (joint manipulation at the wrist/carpal region) but omits the splint application component that is integral to the SNOMED concept; a second ICHI code (MFJ.LC.AH — Application of external immobilisation device of wrist joint) would be needed to fully represent the procedure, making the single ICHI code wider than the combined SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351487004", "display" : "Manipulation of elbow region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.PA.AH precisely covers manipulation of the elbow joint, but the SNOMED concept refers to the broader \"elbow region\" which may include periarticular soft tissues beyond the joint capsule itself, meaning the ICHI code is slightly narrower in anatomical scope; however it is the best available single code and the joint is the predominant structure in any elbow manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "447855004", "display" : "Manipulation of enterostomy stoma", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTB.SN.AC covers management of an enterostomy (an artificial body structure) and is the closest ICHI match for hands-on manipulation of an enterostomy stoma. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because \"management\" encompasses assessment, adjustment, and other interventions beyond the specific physical act of manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "373641001", "display" : "Manipulation of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents fracture manipulation as closed reduction; MRB.LD.AH covers bones of unspecified site, which matches the site-unspecified SNOMED concept \"manipulation of fracture.\" It is slightly wider because \"closed reduction\" encompasses reduction with external immobilisation, while SNOMED's term also implies manual/non-incisional manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "239572008", "display" : "Manipulation of lumbar spine under anesthetic", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.PA.AH precisely captures manipulation of the lumbar spine but does not encode the \"under anesthetic\" qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is therefore broader, as it encompasses lumbar spine manipulation regardless of whether anaesthesia is used." }] }, { "code" : "79896000", "display" : "Manipulation of pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HFF", "display" : "Interventions on pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"manipulation of pericardium\" category; the block BlockL5-HFF groups all pericardial interventions (biopsy, injection, pericardiotomy, release of adhesions, excision, repair) and is broader than the unspecified SNOMED manipulation concept. No single assignable category captures an unspecified manipulation act on the pericardium." }] }, { "code" : "112842004", "display" : "Manipulation of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises skin interventions by body region sub-blocks (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) and specific action types, but provides no single assignable category for an unspecified skin manipulation across all body sites. The block BlockL4-LAA (Interventions on skin) is the broadest fitting grouping and is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "44275008", "display" : "Manipulation of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific manipulation codes for each spinal region (cervical, thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar, lumbosacral, sacral); MBZ.PA.AH is the NEC/residual category covering unspecified spine manipulation, broader than the unspecified SNOMED concept since it acts as the catch-all across vertebral sites." }] }, { "code" : "177180006", "display" : "Manipulative cephalic vaginal delivery with abnormal presentation of head at delivery without instrument", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Vaginal delivery\" covers the delivery outcome but does not capture the manipulative correction of abnormal cephalic presentation; it subsumes all vaginal deliveries regardless of fetal position or manual manoeuvres required, so the closest parent category is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173517006", "display" : "Manipulative removal of calculus from parotid duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA targets the parotid gland rather than specifically the parotid duct, and does not distinguish between the manipulative (non-invasive, external massage) technique and other extraction approaches, making it broader on both the anatomical and procedural axes." }] }, { "code" : "173527000", "display" : "Manipulative removal of calculus from submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AA covers extraction of calculus from any salivary gland or duct and does not specify either the submandibular duct in particular or the manipulative (non-surgical, external pressure) technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both anatomical and procedural axes." }] }, { "code" : "117045007", "display" : "Manual cell count method", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AC.ZZ covers any test of haematological system function and does not distinguish the manual (microscopic, human-performed) counting method from automated analysers, nor does it specify cell count as the exact parameter; broader than the SNOMED concept which precisely identifies manual cell counting." }] }, { "code" : "785683006", "display" : "Manual expression of meibomian gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for meibomian gland expression; the meibomian glands are located in the eyelid and manual expression is functionally a form of drainage, but the ICHI code covers the entire eyelid rather than the specific meibomian gland structure." }] }, { "code" : "75067006", "display" : "Manual muscle-testing of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AE.ZZ", "display" : "Manual examination of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MUB.AE.ZZ precisely captures the manual examination technique applied to assess muscle power. However, it is not constrained to the hand — it covers muscle power assessment at any body site — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "69004008", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed bimalleolar fracture of ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNJ.LD.AH correctly captures the closed (non-surgical, manual) reduction at the ankle. The ICHI code is broader because it targets the ankle joint generally and does not distinguish bimalleolar fracture specificity or the bony targets (medial and lateral malleoli) involved." }] }, { "code" : "27875003", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed comminuted fracture of elbow with traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction at the elbow, matching the non-surgical manual approach and anatomical location. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the comminuted fracture character, the use of traction as the operative means, or whether the target is a specific bone vs. the joint." }] }, { "code" : "70897000", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed dislocation of distal radioulnar joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the distal radioulnar joint; MFJ.LD.AH is the closest anatomical match since the distal radioulnar joint is located in the distal forearm/wrist region. It is wider because it encompasses the entire wrist joint complex rather than the specific distal radioulnar articulation." }] }, { "code" : "81337008", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed dislocation of shoulder joint with fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the glenohumeral joint dislocation but does not encode the concomitant fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, making it broader than the compound SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "65827008", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed dislocation of sternoclavicular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the sternoclavicular joint within the \"joint of shoulder region\" target block (MDJ), so MDJ.LD.AH is the most specific available code. It is wider because it encompasses all joints of the shoulder region, not the sternoclavicular joint specifically." }] }, { "code" : "6763008", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of acetabulum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acetabulum is part of the pelvic bone; ICHI has no acetabulum-specific reduction code, so MKB.LD.AH (closed reduction of pelvis) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any pelvic bone rather than the acetabulum specifically." }] }, { "code" : "66424002", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of acetabulum and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no combined code for closed reduction of pelvis with skeletal traction; MKB.LD.AH captures the primary reduction component but omits the skeletal traction, making it a partial and broader representation of this compound SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "59395005", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of clavicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a clavicle-specific closed reduction code; MDB.LD.AH covers all bones of the shoulder region (clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus collectively), making it wider than the clavicle-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34377000", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of mandible with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly identifies closed (non-operative) reduction of the mandible, but does not distinguish the use of external fixation as a means; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "53144009", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of metatarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a metatarsal-specific closed reduction code; the best available code covers all bones of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the metatarsal." }] }, { "code" : "5273000", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of proximal end of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups both radius and ulna under \"bone of forearm\" with no separate ulna code and no distinction for the proximal end; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both bone identity and fracture location." }] }, { "code" : "13584008", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of scaphoid bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scaphoid is a carpal bone of the hand, placing it squarely within the ICHI target \"bone of hand or finger.\" ICHI does not distinguish individual carpal bones, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "79171000", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region, matching the ICHI anatomical grouping. However, ICHI does not isolate the scapula from other shoulder region bones (e.g., clavicle), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "21184009", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of shaft of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radius is a bone of the forearm, so the ICHI anatomical region is correct. ICHI does not differentiate the radius from the ulna, nor the shaft from other parts, making this code broader on both bone identity and fracture location." }] }, { "code" : "18592001", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of shaft of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulna is a bone of the forearm, and ICHI maps both forearm bones (radius and ulna) to the same code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the ulna from the radius or specify the shaft segment." }] }, { "code" : "9702000", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed fracture of tarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal bones are bones of the foot, correctly placing this within the ICHI foot/toe target group. ICHI does not distinguish tarsal bones from metatarsals or phalanges of the foot, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "33546009", "display" : "Manual reduction of closed trans-scaphoperilunar fracture dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A trans-scaphoperilunar fracture-dislocation is a specific carpal complex injury reduced at the wrist, and ICHI captures the closed (manual) reduction of the wrist joint as a whole. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the specific fracture-dislocation pattern (trans-scaphoperilunar) or the multi-bone involvement." }] }, { "code" : "58599009", "display" : "Manual reduction of dislocation of carpometacarpal joint of thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb sits within the ICHI \"finger or hand joint\" target grouping, and closed reduction by manual means maps to the .LD.AH action/means combination. ICHI is wider because it groups all finger and hand joints together without distinguishing the thumb CMC joint specifically." }] }, { "code" : "443075006", "display" : "Manual reduction of dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint with percutaneous skeletal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers manual (closed) reduction of a hand/finger joint, matching the reduction component of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no code that combines reduction with concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation at this joint site; the additional fixation detail is lost." }] }, { "code" : "87655002", "display" : "Manual reduction of hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AH", "display" : "Manual reduction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific manual reduction codes for inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernias, but the SNOMED concept is the generic \"manual reduction of hernia\" without specifying type; PAL.MK.AH is the broadest ICHI abdominal-wall reduction code and best represents the unspecified hernia, though it is wider than a true hernia-specific match." }] }, { "code" : "59474001", "display" : "Manual reduction of open fracture of mandible with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.LD.AA covers open reduction of the mandibular bone, matching the open (surgical) reduction component of this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not capture the additional specificity of external fixation, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "176550001", "display" : "Manual reduction of paraphimosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.LL.AA is the closest available ICHI code and encompasses the act of reducing penile tissue, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically describes manual reduction of paraphimosis; ICHI does not have a dedicated paraphimosis code." }] }, { "code" : "51846004", "display" : "Manual replacement of nonobstetric inverted uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LD.AC", "display" : "Manual repositioning of inverted uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.LD.AC precisely matches the manual repositioning technique and the inverted uterus anatomy, but the ICHI code does not restrict scope to nonobstetric (non-puerperal) uterine inversion." }] }, { "code" : "112927003", "display" : "Manual rotation of fetal head", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.LD.AC captures rotation of the fetus as a whole and does not specify that only the head is rotated, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to manual rotation of the fetal head during labour." }] }, { "code" : "225134005", "display" : "Marking position of planned stoma site", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marking the position of a planned stoma site is a preoperative planning activity which aligns most closely with \"Individualised planning\" under \"Interventions on whole person\"; however, PZB.TB.ZZ is considerably broader, covering any patient-specific care planning." }] }, { "code" : "64119005", "display" : "Marsupialization of cyst of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no kidney-cyst-specific marsupialization code; marsupialization creates permanent drainage of the cyst, making NAA.JB.AA the closest functional match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all kidney drainage procedures." }] }, { "code" : "236852006", "display" : "Marsupialization of Gartner's duct cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gartner's duct cysts lie within the anterolateral vaginal wall, and marsupialization involves surgically opening the cyst into the vaginal lumen; NMH.JI.AA is the closest ICHI code for surgical intervention on a vaginal wall lesion." }] }, { "code" : "239397006", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of mandibular cysts involves opening and decompressing a jaw cyst rather than complete enucleation; MAG.JI.AA is the best available ICHI code for a targeted surgical intervention on a mandibular lesion." }] }, { "code" : "239376005", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a maxillary lesion involves decompression and pouch creation rather than complete excision; MAF.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI category for a targeted surgical intervention on the maxilla." }] }, { "code" : "1306796006", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a skin cyst on the head involves deroofing the cyst to create a permanent opening for drainage rather than full excision, making LAA.JB.AA the most functionally aligned ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1306797002", "display" : "Marsupialization of lesion of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a skin lesion of the neck is a specific surgical technique (deroofing/pouch creation) that achieves drainage; LAA.JB.AA covers drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, broader than the specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "235460008", "display" : "Marsupialization of liver abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a liver abscess is a drainage technique applied to an abscess specifically, but ICHI does not distinguish marsupialization from other forms of drainage; KCA.JB.AA is the closest available code and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "307620003", "display" : "Marsupialization of liver cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of a liver cyst creates a permanent opening by suturing the cyst wall to surrounding tissue, which is functionally a drainage procedure; ICHI codes drainage of liver generally without distinguishing marsupialization." }] }, { "code" : "87302002", "display" : "Marsupialization of nabothian cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nabothian cyst is located on the cervix, and marsupialization of it achieves drainage by opening the cyst; ICHI has no marsupialization-specific or cyst-specific code for the cervix." }] }, { "code" : "80629001", "display" : "Marsupialization of ovarian cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JB.AA", "display" : "Open drainage of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Marsupialization of an ovarian cyst is an open surgical procedure that drains the cyst by creating a permanent opening; NMA.JB.AA captures the open approach and drainage nature." }] }, { "code" : "444983008", "display" : "Massage using Bowen technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.PC.ZZ", "display" : "Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Bowen technique is a specific form of soft-tissue bodywork/massage; ICHI has no code specific to the Bowen technique. MRS.PC.ZZ is the closest available code but is broader, capturing massage generically." }] }, { "code" : "359655004", "display" : "Mastoid and middle ear procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "CZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the ear or mastoid, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category spanning both mastoid and middle ear procedures without specifying any particular intervention; the best ICHI match is the residual/unspecified code for the entire ear or mastoid chapter." }] }, { "code" : "50445001", "display" : "Mastoidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CDA.JK.AC", "display" : "Total mastoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Mastoidectomy\" is a general term covering partial, total, and radical variants, whereas ICHI distinguishes three specific codes; CDA.JK.AC (total mastoidectomy) is the most common default referent for the unqualified term." }] }, { "code" : "237429007", "display" : "Mastopexy central pedicle technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for surgical technique variants; the SNOMED concept specifies the central pedicle technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "237430002", "display" : "Mastopexy free nipple graft technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for technique; the SNOMED concept specifies the free nipple graft variant, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "237427009", "display" : "Mastopexy horizontal pedicle technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single mastopexy code with no means axis differentiation for technique variants; the SNOMED concept specifies the horizontal pedicle technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "237428004", "display" : "Mastopexy inferior pedicle technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.LC.AA encodes mastopexy generically; ICHI does not distinguish between pedicle techniques (inferior, superior, lateral, bipedicle, vertical scar), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "237431003", "display" : "Mastopexy lateralizing technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.LC.AA is the sole ICHI mastopexy code and covers the procedure regardless of the surgical approach used to lateralize the pedicle, making it broader than this technique-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "237425001", "display" : "Mastopexy superior pedicle technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies mastopexy as a single undifferentiated category with no codes for pedicle orientation; LCA.LC.AA covers this superior-pedicle variant but is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "237426000", "display" : "Mastopexy vertical bipedicle technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI mastopexy category does not capture the vertical bipedicle approach; LCA.LC.AA is the best available code but is broader than this specific technique-level concept." }] }, { "code" : "237432005", "display" : "Mastopexy vertical scar technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.LC.AA", "display" : "Mastopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for the vertical scar (short-scar) mastopexy variant; LCA.LC.AA is the only applicable ICHI code and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "41535000", "display" : "Maxillary sinus endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAF.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish between types of tissue removed (mucous membrane vs. other lesions); endoscopic local excision of a lesion of the maxillary sinus is the closest available code, but it encompasses a broader range of tissue types than mucous membrane specifically." }] }, { "code" : "15774007", "display" : "Maxillary sinus endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane and polyps", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAF.JI.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The combined removal of mucous membrane and polyps endoscopically from the maxillary sinus maps to the same ICHI code; ICHI does not capture the additional specificity of polyp removal alongside the mucous membrane, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "282435000", "display" : "Maxillectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The unqualified SNOMED concept \"maxillectomy\" can refer to both partial and total procedures, whereas the ICHI code specifies total excision; total excision is the primary clinical meaning of \"maxillectomy,\" making this the best available match with slight breadth mismatch." }] }, { "code" : "72194003", "display" : "Mazzotti reaction test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Mazzotti test is a specific pharmacological provocation test for onchocerciasis using diethylcarbamazine, but ICHI has no code for this specific test or for drug-provocation tests generally; PZA.AC.ZZ is the residual provocation test code on the whole body, which is broader than this specific diagnostic challenge procedure." }] }, { "code" : "359886007", "display" : "McBride operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The McBride operation for hallux valgus involves a combination of metatarsal osteotomy, medial capsulorrhaphy, sesamoidectomy, and adductor tendon transfer, none of which are individually represented in ICHI as a combined procedure; MOB.FA.AA captures the dominant surgical component but is broader than the full McBride procedure." }] }, { "code" : "444277001", "display" : "Measurement of arterial closing pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Intravascular pressure measurement of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.AB.AF captures intravascular pressure measurement of an unspecified artery, which is the closest available ICHI concept; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the \"closing pressure\" haemodynamic parameter, which is a more precise physiological measurement than a generic arterial pressure reading." }] }, { "code" : "443420006", "display" : "Measurement of disaccharidase activity of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for disaccharidase (lactase/sucrase/maltase) enzyme activity testing; the best available code covers any unspecified test of digestive system function, which is broader than the specific enzyme-activity assay performed on intestinal tissue." }] }, { "code" : "166020003", "display" : "Measurement of double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for dsDNA antibody detection or ELISA methodology; the best fit is the generic immunological system function test, which is substantially broader than this highly specific SLE autoantibody assay." }] }, { "code" : "54983001", "display" : "Measurement of girth", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of a body part, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Girth measurement (abdominal or limb circumference) is a specific type of body part measurement, but no ICHI code exists for circumference/girth specifically; PZX.AB.AH accommodates any body part not specifically classified and is the closest broad match." }] }, { "code" : "8243008", "display" : "Measurement of interstitial fluid pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AI.AE", "display" : "Compartment pressure monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interstitial fluid pressure measurement is clinically performed as compartment pressure monitoring, making MRM.AI.AE the best available match; however the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses compartment pressure monitoring generically (any muscle compartment)." }] }, { "code" : "83827002", "display" : "Measurement of intrauterine pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AI.AH", "display" : "Monitoring of delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intrauterine pressure measurement is performed clinically to monitor uterine contractions during labour, and NME.AI.AH is the closest match within the uterus interventions block; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all delivery monitoring (which may include fetal heart rate, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "771315000", "display" : "Measurement of periodontal pocket depth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for periodontal pocket depth probing; the gum block contains only therapeutic interventions, so the best available match is the broader \"Dental examination\" which encompasses clinical assessment of tooth-supporting structures including periodontal probing." }] }, { "code" : "55605003", "display" : "Measurement of platelet antibody", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Platelet antibody testing (HPA antibody detection for ITP/NAIT workup) is fundamentally an immunological assay; DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions broadly, making it the best available match, though it is considerably broader than the specific platelet-directed antibody analyte." }] }, { "code" : "439927007", "display" : "Measurement of rectal sensation and rectal tone and rectal compliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.AB.AC", "display" : "Anorectal manometry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anorectal manometry is the standard procedure used to measure rectal sensation, tone, and compliance, so KBX.AB.AC is the correct procedural home; however, the ICHI code covers the full anorectal manometry study (which also includes anal sphincter pressures and rectoanal inhibitory reflex), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "70443007", "display" : "Measurement of renal clearance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Renal clearance (e.g. creatinine clearance, GFR) quantifies the kidney's filtration capacity, which is a specific form of urinary excretory function measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code capturing functional renal measurement, but it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements." }] }, { "code" : "441915005", "display" : "Measurement of renal function", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Measurement of renal function is a broad clinical concept covering filtration, clearance, concentration, and excretory capacity; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI functional assessment code, but it is scoped specifically to excretory/urination functions and thus does not fully encompass all dimensions of renal function." }] }, { "code" : "447973002", "display" : "Measurement of temperature using forehead thermometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AB.ZZ encodes measurement of body temperature generically (within the thermoregulatory functions block) without specifying the site or instrument; the SNOMED concept is more specific (forehead/temporal artery thermometer), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448093005", "display" : "Measurement of temperature using tympanic thermometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers measurement of body temperature in general without specifying the instrument or site; the SNOMED concept is more specific in designating the tympanic (infrared ear) route, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "104142005", "display" : "Measurement of total hemoglobin concentration in plasma specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures measurement of haematological system functions in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is highly specific — measuring free (plasma) hemoglobin as a hemolysis indicator in a plasma specimen; the ICHI code is substantially broader and no more specific code exists." }] }, { "code" : "29027004", "display" : "Measuring intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of fluid intake", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code specifically targets fluid intake (drinking/fluids), while the SNOMED concept \"Measuring intake\" in nursing context encompasses both fluid and food intake; the ICHI code is the closest available match and the primary clinical intent of \"measuring intake\" in fluid balance monitoring aligns with fluid intake measurement." }] }, { "code" : "225191000", "display" : "Measuring stoma aperture", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Enterostomy assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of an enterostomy (colostomy/ileostomy) as an artificial body structure, which encompasses measuring the stoma aperture, but is broader as it covers any type of enterostomy assessment activity beyond just size measurement." }] }, { "code" : "34215003", "display" : "Meat inspection for bacterial culture", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning food safety and security", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to meat inspection or microbiological testing of food; UAB.VC.ZZ is the closest available code covering public health surveillance of food safety, which subsumes food-borne pathogen culture testing as one of many surveillance activities." }] }, { "code" : "12700007", "display" : "Meat inspection for toxicology", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning food safety and security", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with bacterial culture meat inspection, ICHI has no code for toxicological testing of meat; UAB.VC.ZZ (public health surveillance on food safety) is the broadest applicable code but covers far more than toxicological meat testing." }] }, { "code" : "721215004", "display" : "Meatal advancement and glanuloplasty incorporated hypospadias repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAGPI is a distal hypospadias repair technique combining urethral meatal advancement with glanuloplasty, and NAM.ML.AA captures the primary surgical component; however, the ICHI code does not encode the simultaneous glanuloplasty or the hypospadias indication, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "75126003", "display" : "Mechanical fragility RBC", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mechanical fragility RBC test is a laboratory test assessing red cell membrane integrity under mechanical stress, which falls within tests of haematological system functions; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but covers any haematological function test, making it much broader than this specific red cell fragility assay." }] }, { "code" : "39243005", "display" : "Mechanical fragmentation of cataract with extraction by posterior route", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for posterior-route cataract extraction specifically; BBF.JK.AA is the closest category-level match, capturing the extraction component but lacking the specificity of the posterior route or the mechanical fragmentation step." }] }, { "code" : "74490003", "display" : "Mechanical fragmentation of primary membranous cataract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for primary membranous cataracts; the lens block contains no fragmentation-of-cataract code distinct from BBF.GA.AA which applies to secondary membranes. BBF.JK.AA is the broadest applicable match for a primary cataract removal procedure." }] }, { "code" : "177798003", "display" : "Mechanical open pleurodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Pleurodesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.GA.AA covers pleurodesis in general; the ICHI block also includes thoracoscopic and percutaneous-agent variants, but there is no dedicated code for open mechanical pleurodesis, so JCA.GA.AA is the best available broader match." }] }, { "code" : "243141005", "display" : "Mechanically assisted spontaneous ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only ICHI code for ventilatory support within the respiratory function block; ICHI does not distinguish mechanically assisted spontaneous modes (CPAP, BiPAP, pressure-support) from fully controlled artificial ventilation." }] }, { "code" : "19056003", "display" : "Medial fasciotomy with annular ligament of finger resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.FB.AA covers division of ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, encompassing the fasciotomy and annular ligament resection components, but it does not specify the medial approach or the combined nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "52536006", "display" : "Mediastinal tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.LI.AA represents tracheostomy in general without specifying the mediastinal (transcervico-mediastinal) approach that defines the SNOMED concept, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1217395007", "display" : "Mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy with ventilation of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCG.AE.AB", "display" : "Mediastinoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, and lung ventilation; the closest ICHI match captures only the mediastinoscopy component, omitting the thoracoscopic and ventilation aspects." }] }, { "code" : "781087000", "display" : "Medical care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Medical care\" is a high-level, undifferentiated concept; the closest ICHI code is the residual unspecified health management encounter, which is intentionally broad." }] }, { "code" : "24882007", "display" : "Medical consultation on hospital inpatient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish consultation setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) at the code level, so the unspecified health management encounter is the closest available code; the inpatient hospital specificity is lost." }] }, { "code" : "48550003", "display" : "Medical consultation on nursing facility inpatient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a consultation in a specific care setting (nursing facility); PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest concept but lacks specification of facility type, inpatient status, or consultation nature." }] }, { "code" : "16817006", "display" : "Medical service audit", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A medical service audit is a structured review of clinical service quality; UEP.AA.ZZ covers any form of assessment of health services/systems/policies and is broader than a criterion-based audit." }] }, { "code" : "410345004", "display" : "Medical/dental care case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Case coordination covers management and coordination of care for an individual; the ICHI code is broader as it is not restricted to medical/dental settings and does not capture the administrative planning dimension of case management." }] }, { "code" : "409071009", "display" : "Medication administration during home visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RD.ZZ is the closest ICHI category for administering medication, but it is broader as it covers any context of providing medications and does not specify the home-visit setting." }] }, { "code" : "396074002", "display" : "Medication administration education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, encompassing but not restricted to the administration aspect specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386355002", "display" : "Medication administration: intradermal", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AE covers injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue generally, not specific to the intradermal route; the only intradermal-specific code (LZZ.AC.AE) is restricted to skin testing." }] }, { "code" : "386356001", "display" : "Medication administration: intramuscular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.DB.AE captures intramuscular injection but does not encode the substance being administered (medication), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically about drug delivery." }] }, { "code" : "386357005", "display" : "Medication administration: intraosseous", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into bone marrow", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DGA.DB.AE represents injection into bone marrow (the intraosseous cavity), the anatomical target of the intraosseous route; it does not specify that the injected substance is a medication." }] }, { "code" : "406188003", "display" : "Medication administration: intrathecal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intrathecal (subarachnoid) space lies within the spinal canal; ABG.DB.AE captures the correct anatomical target but covers all spinal canal injections (epidural, intrathecal, subdural)." }] }, { "code" : "406172003", "display" : "Medication administration: nasal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intranasal delivery is a per-orifice route; PZA.DB.AC covers all orifice-based routes (oral, rectal, urethral, nasal, aural) so is broader than the nasal-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386360003", "display" : "Medication administration: rectal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rectal administration (suppositories, enemas) is a per-orifice route; the ICHI code encompasses all orifice routes rather than being specific to the rectal route." }] }, { "code" : "386362006", "display" : "Medication administration: subcutaneous", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subcutaneous injection is a percutaneous route; PZA.DB.AE also encompasses other percutaneous methods (intradermal, intramuscular) and is therefore broader than the subcutaneous-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "386363001", "display" : "Medication administration: vaginal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AC covers pharmacotherapy delivered via any orifice, capturing the vaginal route but broader; no ICHI code uses vaginal as a distinct means axis value for drug administration." }] }, { "code" : "223418001", "display" : "Medication efficacy education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications generally; the SNOMED concept is more specific, targeting education about efficacy. ICHI does not have a code specific to medication efficacy education." }] }, { "code" : "223419009", "display" : "Medication failure risk education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ is the best match for medication education broadly; the SNOMED concept is narrower in focusing on the risk of medication failure, which ICHI does not distinguish." }] }, { "code" : "698603008", "display" : "Medication interaction education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence pharmaceutical use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAD.PM.ZZ covers education directed at pharmaceutical use behaviours broadly, encompassing but not limited to education about drug interactions specifically." }] }, { "code" : "396075001", "display" : "Medication monitoring education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications broadly, which encompasses monitoring-focused education as a subset; the ICHI code does not distinguish sub-types of medication education." }] }, { "code" : "396077009", "display" : "Medication prefill education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any patient education about medications, but does not capture the specific focus on prefilling (preparation of dose-organised containers)." }] }, { "code" : "396076000", "display" : "Medication prefill preparation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment in the medications domain broadly; it does not narrow to assessment of a patient's ability to perform prefill preparation." }] }, { "code" : "410347007", "display" : "Medication set-up case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Medication set-up case management\" describes an organised, coordinated approach to establishing a patient's medication regimen — a service-delivery activity targeting medications — which maps best to UAC.RG.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any service provision around medications, not specifically the set-up or case-management dimension." }] }, { "code" : "410266009", "display" : "Medication set-up education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling about medication set-up; UAC.PM.ZZ captures the core educational component but does not specifically encode the guidance/counselling or the set-up context, making it a reasonable but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "1344982006", "display" : "Medication side effect care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for managing or caring for medication side/adverse effects; UAC.RG.ZZ is the closest available code as it represents service provision in relation to medications. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the adverse-effect/side-effect specificity entirely." }] }, { "code" : "1344984007", "display" : "Medication side effect case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for case-managing medication side effects specifically; UAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications) is the broadest applicable code. The ICHI code lacks both the adverse-effect focus and the case-management coordination aspect." }] }, { "code" : "396080005", "display" : "Medication side effect education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ is a direct match on the education-about-medications axis, but the ICHI code covers education about medications in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about side effects; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "1142128007", "display" : "Medium chain triglyceride modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Food modification\" in the \"Interventions on food\" block is the closest available ICHI concept, covering any change to the composition or nature of food consumed. It is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a therapeutically prescribed diet with a particular macronutrient profile (MCT-enriched)." }] }, { "code" : "713061001", "display" : "Mellow Bumps Program", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mellow Bumps is a structured group-based antenatal psychoeducation and mindfulness programme targeting pregnant women's emotional wellbeing and parent-infant attachment; the closest ICHI code covers education about pregnancy functions broadly, but does not capture the psychological/mindfulness or group-format dimensions of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "408899008", "display" : "Memory loss care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Practical support with memory\" sits within the \"Interventions on memory functions\" block and represents structured supportive care aimed at compensating for or managing memory impairment, which aligns well with the intent of memory loss care; it is slightly broader in that it does not distinguish the clinical context (e.g. dementia, acquired amnesia) implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "408902006", "display" : "Memory loss care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of memory", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUB.AA.ZZ directly covers assessment of memory functions, which aligns well with \"memory loss care assessment.\" The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers memory assessment generally (not restricted to a care context for memory loss), but it is the most precise available match under the dedicated \"Interventions on memory functions\" block." }] }, { "code" : "391212000", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs - 1-3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes a low-contact-frequency addiction program across substance types; ICHI has no code encoding program intensity or contact frequency, and VA1.ZZ.ZZ is the broadest catch-all under the substance-related and addictive behaviours block, making it wider than the specific service tier." }] }, { "code" : "391206005", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs - 24 hour intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an intensive 24-hour addiction program (equivalent to inpatient/residential intensity), a care-setting distinction that ICHI does not encode; VA1.ZZ.ZZ covers unspecified substance-related interventions but loses the 24-hour intensive nature entirely." }] }, { "code" : "391205009", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a 24-hour non-intensive addiction program (residential but lower-acuity), another care-setting distinction absent from ICHI; VA1.ZZ.ZZ covers the intervention domain but is broader, omitting the residential and non-intensive qualifiers." }] }, { "code" : "391210008", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs - 3-5 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes a high-frequency outpatient addiction program (3-5 contacts/week, equivalent to intensive outpatient level); ICHI encodes the substance-related intervention domain but not contact frequency or program intensity." }] }, { "code" : "391213005", "display" : "Mental health addiction programs - <1 contact/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Other and unspecified interventions targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes a very low-contact-frequency addiction program (maintenance or monitoring tier at fewer than monthly contacts); ICHI has no mechanism to encode contact frequency, so VA1.ZZ.ZZ captures the intervention type but is broader than this specific service intensity level." }] }, { "code" : "391281002", "display" : "Mental health assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers assessment of mental functions broadly and is the closest ICHI match to a generic \"mental health assessment.\" The ICHI code is wider because it is framed around mental functions (a body-function target axis) and does not specifically restrict to the clinical mental health context implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410223002", "display" : "Mental health care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mental health care assessment\" refers to evaluating a patient's mental health care needs, which maps most closely to AS1.AA.ZZ as the generic assessment of mental functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish a care-needs assessment from a clinical function assessment, and the \"care\" dimension (service planning) is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "410225009", "display" : "Mental health care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mental health care management\" is a care coordination activity focused on organising and managing a patient's mental health care across services, which maps closely to ICHI's \"Case coordination\" — a whole-person intervention covering coordination of care activities. The ICHI code is wider because it is not restricted to mental health and covers case coordination in any health domain." }] }, { "code" : "391049004", "display" : "Mental health crisis resolution - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept of crisis resolution services or care-setting intensity; the closest assignable code captures the practical support component of psychosocial crisis care, but is far broader, omitting the crisis context, 24-hour delivery model, and non-intensive specification entirely." }] }, { "code" : "391056005", "display" : "Mental health crisis resolution - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI cannot represent the crisis resolution service model or the daily intensive frequency; the practical support code captures only the broad psychosocial support action without any of the crisis, frequency, or intensity dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "391133003", "display" : "Mental health crisis resolution - Full day: day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no day care or partial hospitalisation programme concepts; the psychosocial practical support code is the broadest reasonable approximation, but loses the crisis resolution framing and the full-day structured day care setting entirely." }] }, { "code" : "391055009", "display" : "Mental health crisis resolution - Part day: day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the full-day variant, ICHI has no part-day or day care programme codes; the psychosocial practical support code provides only a coarse approximation, omitting the crisis context and the partial-day structured attendance model." }] }, { "code" : "391257009", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - 1-2 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Functional therapies\" in mental health (occupational therapy, skills training, functional rehabilitation) maps most closely to ICHI's training of global psychosocial functions, but ICHI cannot encode the contact frequency of 1-2 sessions per week, and the target domain may span multiple ATF codes in practice." }] }, { "code" : "391260002", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - 1-3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the functional/psychosocial rehabilitation nature of these therapies under global psychosocial functions, but has no mechanism to encode the contact frequency of 1-3 per month. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering the intervention type without the scheduling specificity." }] }, { "code" : "391253008", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - 24 hr not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The 24-hour non-intensive residential or day-programme qualifier specifies a care setting and intensity level that ICHI does not encode; the underlying intervention — structured psychosocial functional therapy — maps to assisted exercise for global psychosocial functions, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "391256000", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - 3-5 contacts/wk", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI represents the psychosocial functional rehabilitation content of the intervention but cannot capture the high-frequency contact schedule of 3-5 times per week, making the mapping wider in equivalence." }] }, { "code" : "391261003", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - <1 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The very low contact frequency (less than once per month) is a scheduling qualifier not representable in ICHI; the intervention content maps to assisted functional exercise targeting global psychosocial functions, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "391255001", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"daily intensive\" qualifier denotes a high-intensity programme structure that ICHI does not represent; the therapeutic content — structured functional rehabilitation targeting psychosocial functions — aligns with ATF.PG.ZZ, though the ICHI code is broader by omitting intensity." }] }, { "code" : "391252003", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - Full day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Training of mental functions, unspecified\" covers therapeutic functional intervention targeting mental functions, which is the core activity in a full-day mental health day-care programme. The ICHI code does not capture the day-care delivery setting, the full-day intensity, or the programme-level framing, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "391254002", "display" : "Mental health functional therapies - Part day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The part-day variant maps to the same ICHI code because ICHI contains no intensity or session-duration axis to distinguish full-day from part-day programmes; the code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385887004", "display" : "Mental health history taking assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Clinical history-taking in a mental health context is precisely an interview directed at mental functions, which AS1.AN.ZZ captures well. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it encompasses any interview about mental functions and does not specify the history-taking or assessment framing." }] }, { "code" : "414671002", "display" : "Mental health monitoring third letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AI.ZZ captures the monitoring of mental functions, which is the clinical purpose of this activity. However, ICHI has no concept for the specific administrative means of delivery (a \"third letter\" as a written recall/contact mechanism), so the ICHI code is broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "416883000", "display" : "Mental health monitoring verbal invitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AI.ZZ captures the monitoring of mental functions as the underlying clinical purpose; however, ICHI does not distinguish the modality of patient contact (verbal/telephone invitation to engage with monitoring), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "401061005", "display" : "Mental health review", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mental health review is most closely represented by assessment of mental functions, which covers structured clinical appraisal of mental status. ICHI has no dedicated \"review\" action, and the code is broader as it does not imply the periodic or follow-up nature of a review." }] }, { "code" : "763253003", "display" : "Mental health risk indicator assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Assessment of mental functions is the closest ICHI concept, covering structured evaluation of mental status. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for risk stratification or indicator-based risk assessment within mental health, so the code is broader and lacks the specific risk-indicator focus." }] }, { "code" : "391223001", "display" : "Mental health support groups staff facilitated - 1-2 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A staff-facilitated mental health support group is a form of structured psychosocial counselling delivered to a group, making ATF.PP.ZZ the closest match. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the group delivery format or the 1-2 contacts/week frequency." }] }, { "code" : "391224007", "display" : "Mental health support groups staff facilitated - 1-3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical in nature to 391223001 — a staff-facilitated psychosocial support group — differing only in contact frequency (1-3/month), which ICHI does not encode. ATF.PP.ZZ remains the best fit for the staff-led counselling component." }] }, { "code" : "391225008", "display" : "Mental health support groups staff facilitated - <1 contact/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Again a staff-facilitated mental health support group, distinguished only by its very low contact frequency (<1/month), which is not representable in ICHI. ATF.PP.ZZ covers the staff-led counselling on psychosocial functions but is broader in all other respects." }] }, { "code" : "391226009", "display" : "Mental health support no facilitation - 1-2 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RE.ZZ", "display" : "Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A non-facilitated mental health support group is a self-run/peer-led arrangement, aligning well with the ICHI \"peer support\" action (RE) on global psychosocial functions. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the group format or the 1-2 contacts/week frequency." }] }, { "code" : "391258004", "display" : "Mental health support no facilitation - 1-3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RE.ZZ", "display" : "Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same intervention type as 391226009 — a peer-led, non-facilitated mental health support group — differing only in contact frequency (1-3/month). ATF.RE.ZZ captures the peer support on psychosocial functions but is wider as it does not encode group format or frequency." }] }, { "code" : "391259007", "display" : "Mental health support no facilitation - <1 contact/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes low-intensity mental health support with minimal contact frequency, which falls within the domain of emotional/psychosocial support. ATF.RC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code but covers emotional support for global psychosocial functions broadly without encoding the low-contact-frequency specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385893007", "display" : "Mental health treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-_LD", "display" : "Interventions on mental functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mental health treatment\" is a broad, undifferentiated concept that encompasses the full range of mental health interventions; no single ICHI category code represents this breadth, making the organizational block for interventions on mental functions the most appropriate match. Any specific ICHI leaf code (e.g. psychotherapy, counselling, practical support) would be narrower than this umbrella SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410232000", "display" : "Mental health treatment assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "AT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes an assessment in the context of mental health treatment, which aligns closely with ICHI's assessment of global mental functions. AT2.AA.ZZ is slightly broader as it is not restricted to a treatment-context assessment, but it is the best available ICHI category for a general mental health assessment." }] }, { "code" : "444271000124100", "display" : "Menu selection assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Menu selection assistance is a specific form of practical help provided during the eating activity (helping a person choose what to eat from a menu), which is a subset of practical support with eating. SMF.RB.ZZ captures the practical support dimension but is broader, encompassing all forms of hands-on assistance with eating rather than the specific menu-selection step." }] }, { "code" : "466579201000119109", "display" : "Mepolizumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mepolizumab is an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection; PZA.DB.AE captures the route of administration (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) but does not encode the specific agent or its indication (eosinophilic asthma/EGPA). The ICHI code is therefore broader, representing any percutaneous pharmacotherapy delivery rather than mepolizumab specifically." }] }, { "code" : "120190003", "display" : "Mesentery destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesentery is a peritoneal fold within the peritoneal cavity, so KMA.GA.AA (destruction of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code, but it covers all peritoneal tissue rather than being specific to the mesentery; ICHI has no dedicated mesentery-specific destruction code." }] }, { "code" : "120181005", "display" : "Mesentery endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.AE.AB", "display" : "Peritoneoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Peritoneoscopy is endoscopic inspection of the peritoneal cavity and directly encompasses endoscopic visualisation of the mesentery, but the ICHI code covers the broader peritoneal cavity rather than the mesentery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "239602000", "display" : "Metacarpal transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.ML.AA covers grafting/reconstruction of bones of the hand including metacarpals, and is the closest ICHI match; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all hand and finger bones rather than metacarpals specifically, and \"transfer\" (vascularised or non-vascularised) maps to the ML reconstruction/graft action." }] }, { "code" : "1340186004", "display" : "Metformin therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent, and PZA.DB.AC represents administration of pharmacotherapy via the oral route (per orifice), which is the correct delivery axis for metformin; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of agent or indication, and ICHI has no diabetes-specific or metformin-specific drug therapy code." }] }, { "code" : "252208003", "display" : "Metoclopramide stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The metoclopramide stimulation test is a dynamic pharmacological provocation test used to assess prolactin secretion (a pituitary/endocrine gland function). ICHI's closest code ETK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of endocrine gland functions broadly, but does not specify the prolactin axis, the metoclopramide agent, or the stimulation design, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "31558004", "display" : "Metyrapone test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The metyrapone test is a pharmacological challenge test that assesses hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis integrity by blocking cortisol synthesis. ETK.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, capturing assessment of endocrine gland function, but it is a broad functional assessment code that does not specify the adrenal/HPA axis, the metyrapone drug, or the stimulation/suppression paradigm." }] }, { "code" : "234730006", "display" : "Micro-abrasion of tooth enamel", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JG.AC", "display" : "Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Micro-abrasion of tooth enamel is a technique that removes a superficial layer of enamel using an abrasive agent to treat surface discolouration; KAE.JG.AC (dental scaling, polishing, and debridement) is the closest ICHI code as it covers mechanical surface removal/alteration of tooth substance, but it is broader and primarily targets calculus and plaque rather than enamel micro-abrasion specifically. No dedicated enamel micro-abrasion or tooth surface abrasion code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1230132009", "display" : "Micro-positioning of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Micro-positioning refers to precise, fine-scale adjustment of a patient's body position (typically in radiotherapy or imaging contexts), which falls conceptually under body positioning interventions. PZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body) is the best available match, but it is broader and does not capture the precision/micro-scale nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "61594008", "display" : "Microbial culture", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG79M8", "display" : "Culture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG79M8 \"Culture\" is the closest ICHI match for the generic concept of microbial culture, sitting within the Essential laboratory tests block. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers culture in general without restricting to microbial/microbiological culture specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to microbial organisms." }] }, { "code" : "104173009", "display" : "Microbial culture of sputum", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG79M8", "display" : "Culture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no sputum-specific culture code; \"XG79M8 Culture\" is the best available match, but it is broader as it does not specify the specimen type (sputum) or the microbial scope. The only sputum-related ICHI code found (XC / JBB.AH.XC) covers specimen collection, not culture." }] }, { "code" : "117027007", "display" : "Microbial culture, body fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG79M8", "display" : "Culture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No body-fluid-specific microbial culture code exists in ICHI; XG79M8 \"Culture\" is the nearest available code, but is broader as it does not specify the body fluid specimen type or restrict to microbial culture." }] }, { "code" : "16314007", "display" : "Microbial smear examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A microbial smear examination is a specific form of microscopic examination applied to a specimen prepared from a microbiological sample (e.g., Gram stain smear, AFB smear). ICHI's XG69Q0 \"Microscopy\" is the closest available code but is broader, covering all forms of microscopic examination regardless of specimen type or purpose, without specifying the microbiological smear context." }] }, { "code" : "37926009", "display" : "Microbial stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Microbial staining methods (e.g., Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen, India ink) are preparatory and interpretive techniques used in conjunction with microscopy; ICHI has no dedicated staining method code, and XG69Q0 \"Microscopy\" is the most semantically proximate code available, though it is broader as it covers the microscopic reading step rather than the staining technique itself." }] }, { "code" : "115252004", "display" : "Microbiological identification method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6201 is the best match as it directly represents the identification of microorganisms to genus and species level, which is the core of microbiological identification. However, the SNOMED concept is broader as a method category encompassing identification of viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms beyond just bacteria and fungi." }] }, { "code" : "247214005", "display" : "Microdissection and microrepair of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.MK.AA covers open repair of a peripheral nerve and is the closest ICHI code for microsurgical nerve repair; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the microsurgical (microdissection) technique or approach as a distinct qualifier, making the ICHI code wider than the highly specific SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "433454009", "display" : "Microdissection of tissue specimen using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XH", "display" : "Specimen collection of tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XH is the best available match as it represents tissue specimen acquisition; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically encodes laser capture microdissection — a precise laboratory technique for isolating cells from a tissue section that ICHI does not model at this level of detail." }] }, { "code" : "448751003", "display" : "Microforaminotomy of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A foraminotomy enlarges the neural foramen to decompress the exiting nerve root, making \"Release of spinal nerve root\" (ABN.FC.AA) the best functional equivalent; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specific approach (microforaminotomy, i.e. minimally invasive/microscope-assisted) or the cervical-level specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "246319005", "display" : "Microrepair of nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes repair of a peripheral nerve as a single open procedure without distinguishing microsurgical technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes microsurgical (micro-scale) nerve repair. No means-axis modifier for microsurgery exists in ICHI to capture the micro-technique specificity." }] }, { "code" : "609313004", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination cerebrospinal fluid specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for CSF cytology; the best available match is the generic extension code XG4JJ6 \"Cytology,\" which covers cytological examination broadly without specifying the specimen type (CSF) or microscopic technique, making it considerably broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609310001", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of semen specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4JJ6", "display" : "Cytology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a specific code for cytological examination of semen; the generic extension code \"Cytology\" (XG4JJ6) is the closest available match but covers all cytology regardless of specimen type, making it substantially broader than this semen-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609299002", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of blood specimen prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Peripheral blood film examination\" (XG06E8) is the closest match for microscopic examination of a blood smear, but it does not specify the Papanicolaou staining technique and is defined in a general sense, making it broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609101000", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of lymph fluid specimen prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5FH3", "display" : "Papanicolaou smear test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5FH3 encodes the Papanicolaou smear test as a generic technique without specifying the source specimen or body site, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically restricted to lymph fluid. No ICHI code exists for Pap-stained cytology of lymphatic fluid." }] }, { "code" : "609036003", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from biliary tract prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5FH3", "display" : "Papanicolaou smear test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5FH3 captures the Papanicolaou smear technique generically but does not restrict it to biliary tract specimens; no site-specific biliary cytology-by-Pap code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "609062007", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from bone marrow prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5FH3", "display" : "Papanicolaou smear test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5FH3 represents the Papanicolaou smear test without anatomical specificity; ICHI bone marrow codes (DGA block) cover biopsy and aspiration for transplant but not cytologic smear examination, so the generic Pap test code is the closest available but is broader than this bone-marrow-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "609039005", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from endocrine gland prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5FH3", "display" : "Papanicolaou smear test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5FH3 encodes the Papanicolaou smear test as a generic test type; the endocrine system blocks in ICHI (EAA, EBA) contain only therapeutic and imaging interventions with no cytologic smear examination codes, leaving the generic Pap test as the sole relevant match." }] }, { "code" : "609041006", "display" : "Microscopic cytologic examination of smear of specimen from integument prepared using Papanicolaou technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5FH3", "display" : "Papanicolaou smear test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5FH3 covers the Papanicolaou smear technique without specifying the integument as the specimen source; the integumentary system blocks in ICHI (LAA series) contain biopsy, excision, and wound-care codes but no cytologic smear examination, so the generic Pap test code is broader than this skin-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "18736003", "display" : "Middle ear exploration through ear canal incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBA.FA.AC covers incision of the middle ear without specifying means or exploratory purpose; the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the trans-canal route, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "230009", "display" : "Miller operation, urethrovesical suspension", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Miller operation is a specific eponymous open retropubic urethrovesical suspension, while NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder neck suspension procedures without distinguishing eponymous variants." }] }, { "code" : "12099007", "display" : "Millin-Read operation for urethrovesical suspension", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Millin-Read operation is another eponymous open urethrovesical suspension, mapping to the same generic ICHI bladder-neck-suspension class." }] }, { "code" : "1186620002", "display" : "Minimum minute volume ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMV is a specific ventilation mode; ICHI's \"Artificial ventilation\" is the only assignable code and does not distinguish ventilator modes." }] }, { "code" : "384642005", "display" : "Mitral valvuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best generic match for surgical valvuloplasty; ICHI is broader as it encompasses all mitral repair techniques, while balloon variants would map to HDF.LG.AF." }] }, { "code" : "229421006", "display" : "Mobilization of the coccyx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No coccyx-specific mobilisation code in ICHI; MBZ.PB.AH is the NEC residual for vertebral mobilisation and the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "229358005", "display" : "Mobilization of the hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers both finger and hand joints, slightly broader than the SNOMED concept but the best available code." }] }, { "code" : "1162724005", "display" : "Modified egg diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for egg-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "1162726007", "display" : "Modified fruit diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for fruit-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "1162720001", "display" : "Modified grain diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for grain-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "1162722009", "display" : "Modified protein food diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest assignable code; broader, with no ICHI granularity for protein-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "1162721002", "display" : "Modified vegetable diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription for eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best available prescriptive eating-behaviour code; broader, with no ICHI code for vegetable-based diet regimes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "274481008", "display" : "Mold removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.VL.ZZ", "display" : "Environmental remediation or decontamination of indoor air", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mold removal is a form of indoor environmental remediation; the ICHI code is broader, covering all indoor-air remediation actions." }] }, { "code" : "725404004", "display" : "Molecular breast imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBI uses a gamma camera with technetium-labelled tracer (a nuclear imaging modality of the breast); the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all nuclear breast imaging modalities." }] }, { "code" : "437191000124104", "display" : "Molybdenum modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available concept; ICHI has no code for trace-element-specific dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "713119005", "display" : "Monitoring confusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATC.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of awareness and alertness functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Confusion is a disturbance of awareness and alertness; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing the full awareness/alertness function spectrum." }] }, { "code" : "713118002", "display" : "Monitoring mechanical heart support device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBZ.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of ventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available code; \"management\" encompasses more than monitoring alone, and the target spans all ventricular assist device variants." }] }, { "code" : "707202005", "display" : "Monitoring of blood loss per vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Most contextually relevant code covering pregnancy-related functional monitoring; broader, with no dedicated code for vaginal blood loss specifically." }] }, { "code" : "771555004", "display" : "Monitoring of continuous bladder irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the irrigation procedure itself but has no separate monitoring-of-irrigation code; the available code is broader, encompassing the entire procedure rather than its monitoring component." }] }, { "code" : "707204006", "display" : "Monitoring of discharge per vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for monitoring vaginal discharge (e.g., lochia, liquor); NUE.AI.ZZ covers monitoring of all functions related to pregnancy and is the closest anatomical and clinical context, but is broader than the specific act of observing vaginal discharge." }] }, { "code" : "707203000", "display" : "Monitoring of drainage of amniotic fluid per vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for monitoring amniotic fluid draining vaginally; the NMM block covers only active drainage procedures on the amniotic sac, not observation. NUE.AI.ZZ is the best available fit as amniotic fluid status is a pregnancy function, but the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1156695005", "display" : "Monitoring of insomnia", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's ATK block does not include a specific monitoring of insomnia code; ATK.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and encompasses systematic evaluation of sleep, but is broader than the targeted ongoing monitoring of insomnia specifically." }] }, { "code" : "771554000", "display" : "Monitoring of intravenous infusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for monitoring an IV infusion in progress; UAC.AA.ZZ broadly covers evaluating a medication/therapeutic agent — but is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically about ongoing surveillance of an active intravenous infusion as a care activity." }] }, { "code" : "736164009", "display" : "Monitoring of liver function", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code specifically for liver function monitoring; KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest match, but it covers all digestive functions rather than being restricted to hepatic function, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "765000002", "display" : "Monitoring of smoking cessation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.AA.ZZ is the systematic assessment of tobacco use behaviours, which is the closest ICHI code to monitoring smoking cessation therapy; however it is wider because it covers general assessment of tobacco use rather than specifically monitoring the progress or response of a cessation therapy programme." }] }, { "code" : "698931001", "display" : "Monitoring of stoma output", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTK.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of defaecation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to stoma output monitoring; KTK.AM.ZZ is the nearest functional equivalent since stoma output surveillance is a form of observing bowel elimination, though the ICHI code is wider as it does not reference a stoma and covers defaecation more broadly." }] }, { "code" : "710995003", "display" : "Monitoring pain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AXA.AA.ZZ is the best ICHI match for monitoring pain; however, \"assessment\" in ICHI implies a structured evaluation rather than ongoing monitoring, and the code covers any pain-related assessment rather than continuous surveillance, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "710994004", "display" : "Monitoring pedal pulse", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AE.ZZ", "display" : "Examination of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Monitoring pedal pulse is a clinical assessment of peripheral arterial perfusion at the foot, which falls within ICHI's blood vessel functions block. ITB.AE.ZZ is broader because it covers examination of any blood vessel function anywhere in the body, not specifically the pedal pulse." }] }, { "code" : "710993005", "display" : "Monitoring response to treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Monitoring a patient's overall response to treatment is a non-specific surveillance activity that cuts across all body systems; PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept capturing generic whole-person clinical observation, but it is considerably broader than the specific intent of tracking therapeutic response." }] }, { "code" : "117643001", "display" : "Monoclonal band identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Monoclonal band identification (via serum/urine protein electrophoresis or immunofixation) is a laboratory test of haematoimmunological function used to detect paraproteins; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest available code covering testing of haematological system functions, but is much broader and does not specify the technique." }] }, { "code" : "134388005", "display" : "Monofilament foot sensation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVE.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sensations related to temperature and other stimuli", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test assesses protective cutaneous sensation in the foot, most commonly for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening. AVE.AC.ZZ covers testing of sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli, making it the closest available ICHI code, though it is broader than the specific monofilament technique applied to the foot." }] }, { "code" : "436871000124106", "display" : "Monounsaturated fat modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept covering deliberate alteration of dietary content, sitting under Interventions on food. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically identifies a monounsaturated fat-modified diet; ICHI has no code with that level of lipid-specific nutritional granularity." }] }, { "code" : "386366009", "display" : "Mood management", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mood management is a therapeutic technique targeting emotional/affective states; AUD.PH.ZZ is the best-fitting ICHI code under Interventions on emotional functions. It is wider because it encompasses training for any emotional function beyond mood specifically, and ICHI does not distinguish mood regulation as a separate intervention." }] }, { "code" : "274959006", "display" : "Morison omentopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.LC.AA", "display" : "Omentopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.LC.AA directly matches the procedure class — fixation of the omentum to the peritoneum — but is broader because it does not distinguish the Morison (right subhepatic pouch) variant from other omentopexy approaches; no more specific code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "67095006", "display" : "Motility test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Motility test most commonly refers to gastrointestinal motility assessment, and KTE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of digestive functions broadly; however, the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all digestive function assessment rather than motility specifically." }] }, { "code" : "34118006", "display" : "Motor testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of control of voluntary movement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Motor testing in clinical practice primarily assesses voluntary motor control and strength, which aligns most closely with MVD.AC.ZZ; the ICHI code is wider because it is scoped to voluntary movement control specifically, while motor testing as a SNOMED concept can encompass reflex testing and other motor function dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "385935004", "display" : "Mouth care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AE.AC", "display" : "Oral examination, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.AE.AC covers a clinical oral examination of the oral cavity, which encompasses but is broader than the specific nursing concept of a mouth care assessment; it is the best available ICHI match but is not restricted to a care-needs assessment context." }] }, { "code" : "119867002", "display" : "Mouth destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering destructive procedures on any mouth structure; KAZ.GA.AC specifically covers destruction of the oral cavity in its NEC residual slot. KAZ.GA.AC is the single best available ICHI landing point for an unspecified mouth destructive procedure." }] }, { "code" : "37113006", "display" : "Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.MC.AH covers full CPR (chest compressions plus rescue breathing), whereas mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is specifically the ventilation component only; no dedicated ICHI code exists for isolated rescue breathing as an emergency resuscitation act." }] }, { "code" : "711036006", "display" : "Moving patient using transfer technique with lifting apparatus", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with transferring oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHG.RB.ZZ captures a clinician/caregiver providing practical support to transfer a patient, which aligns with the manual handling and transfer assistance concept; however ICHI does not encode the specific detail of a mechanical lifting apparatus, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1231375003", "display" : "Moving subject to sitting on edge of bed from lying down", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHA.RB.ZZ represents practical support provided to a person changing their body position, which aligns with helping a patient move from lying to sitting at the edge of the bed. ICHI does not encode the specific positional transition, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "439083005", "display" : "MRI guided ablation of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of kidney tissue, the correct approach axis for an MRI-guided ablation. ICHI lacks a specific means code for MRI guidance in destruction/ablation, so the imaging modality specificity of the SNOMED concept is not represented." }] }, { "code" : "438529005", "display" : "MRI guided ablation of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of liver tissue, the correct approach axis for an MRI-guided ablation. ICHI has no specific means code to represent MRI guidance for destructive interventions, so the MRI-specific detail of the SNOMED concept is lost." }] }, { "code" : "725839008", "display" : "MRI guided ablation of uterine fibroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers destruction of the uterus and supporting structures in general, whereas the SNOMED concept is a targeted MRI-guided ablation of a discrete fibroid. The ICHI code is broader in both target and means." }] }, { "code" : "774046009", "display" : "MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of breast without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIFU ablation of a breast lesion is a non-incisional destructive intervention targeting the breast, aligning closely with this code; however, the ICHI code does not capture MRI guidance or the specific ultrasound-based thermal mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "774012008", "display" : "MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the most generic prostate destruction code available in ICHI; route-specific subtypes do not apply to MRI-guided HIFU, and the ICHI code additionally encompasses the seminal vesicle and omits MRI guidance, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1340187008", "display" : "MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of subthalamus", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no subthalamus-specific target code; the subthalamus is a brain structure, so the generic brain destruction code is the best available match, but it is substantially broader and does not specify MRI guidance or focused ultrasound modality." }] }, { "code" : "782657007", "display" : "MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of thalamus", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no thalamus-specific destruction code; this generic brain destruction code is the best available match, but is broader — the specific anatomical target, MRI guidance, and HIFU technique are all absent from the ICHI representation." }] }, { "code" : "1333993003", "display" : "MRI guided insertion of marker into bilateral breasts", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and the breast target accurately, but it does not specify MRI guidance, the marker as the device type, or the bilateral nature of the procedure; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709650008", "display" : "MRI guided localization of lesion of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BH captures MRI of the breast, which is the imaging modality used for the localization procedure, but it does not encode the purposeful localization/marking of a specific lesion; the ICHI code is thus broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1357767006", "display" : "MRI guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion, which is the core procedure, but it does not specify the cryoablation technique (cold thermal energy) or MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1359928004", "display" : "MRI guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion but does not distinguish the microwave energy modality from other ablative techniques, nor does it capture MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "1356871008", "display" : "MRI guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE correctly encodes percutaneous destruction of a breast lesion but does not specify the radiofrequency energy modality or MRI guidance; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443232007", "display" : "MRI of brain of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers MRI of all fetal structures collectively, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the brain as the target organ; the ICHI code is therefore broader, encompassing any fetal structure rather than being restricted to the fetal brain." }] }, { "code" : "609223006", "display" : "MRI of breast for screening for malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers MRI of the breast in general without specifying the clinical indication of cancer screening; the SNOMED concept is more specific in that it denotes a screening context for malignant neoplasm, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "432846005", "display" : "MRI of cardiac ventricular volume", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of heart, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code represents MRI of the heart generally and does not capture the specific functional measurement of ventricular volume (a cardiac function assessment); the SNOMED concept is more specific in both anatomical target (ventricle) and purpose (volume quantification), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "470755001", "display" : "MRI of fetal cardiovascular system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal structures in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies the cardiovascular system specifically. No ICHI code exists that targets the fetal heart or cardiovascular system by MRI; the closest dedicated fetal imaging code is the broader \"fetal structures\" entry." }] }, { "code" : "241612008", "display" : "MRI of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated MRI code for the larynx — the larynx imaging block contains only x-ray, CT, and ultrasound entries, with no MRI code present. PAB.BA.BH (MRI of head or neck) is the closest available code and encompasses the anatomical region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450825001", "display" : "MRI of multiple pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to multiple pregnancy imaging; NMR.BA.BH (MRI of fetal structures) is the best match as it covers MRI of the contents of a pregnancy, but it does not capture the multiplicity aspect or differentiate by the number of fetuses." }] }, { "code" : "241610000", "display" : "MRI of nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nasopharynx imaging block contains only x-ray and contrast radiogram codes, with no MRI entry. PAB.BA.BH (MRI of head or neck) is the nearest available code covering the anatomical region, though it is broader than the nasopharynx-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241628003", "display" : "MRI of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ovary block contains no imaging codes at all. MKB.BA.BH (MRI of pelvis, NEC) is the closest anatomically appropriate MRI code since the ovaries are pelvic structures, but it is broader than the ovary-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241609005", "display" : "MRI of paranasal sinuses", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no MRI code specifically for paranasal sinuses; the imaging block for paranasal sinuses contains only X-ray, CT, and ultrasound codes. PAB.BA.BH covers MRI of the entire head or neck region, which is broader than the sinuses alone." }] }, { "code" : "443079000", "display" : "MRI of spine of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BH covers MRI of fetal structures in general, which correctly captures both the fetal subject and MRI modality, but does not specify the spine as the target; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241631002", "display" : "MRI pelvimetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.BA.BH", "display" : "Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pelvimetry is MRI measurement of pelvic dimensions specifically for obstetric assessment, while MKB.BA.BH covers any MRI of the bony pelvis without specifying the obstetric measurement purpose; the ICHI code is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "234688001", "display" : "Mucogingival graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.ML.AC", "display" : "Gingivoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) is the closest ICHI code covering plastic/reconstructive surgery of the gingiva, and a mucogingival graft is a specific type of soft-tissue graft used to augment the gingiva. ICHI's gingivoplasty code is broader as it covers the full range of gingival reshaping procedures, not just graft-based augmentation." }] }, { "code" : "13785006", "display" : "Mucogingival surgery, per quadrant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.ML.AC", "display" : "Gingivoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mucogingival surgery encompasses a range of soft-tissue procedures around the gingival margin, of which gingivoplasty (gingival reconstruction/reshaping) is the closest available ICHI concept. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the per-quadrant qualifier or the full spectrum of mucogingival techniques." }] }, { "code" : "172389006", "display" : "Mucosal graft to conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for mucous membrane grafting to the conjunctiva; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the closest available code covering surgical restoration of the conjunctiva. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all conjunctival repair approaches, not specifically mucosal graft transplantation." }] }, { "code" : "359813005", "display" : "MUG test", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.BA.BE", "display" : "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MUGA (Multi-Gated Acquisition) is a radionuclide scan specifically measuring cardiac ejection fraction and ventricular wall motion; HTB.BA.BE captures this nuclear cardiac function imaging concept under the heart functions block. ICHI is slightly broader as it covers any cardiac output scan method, not exclusively radionuclide/equilibrium blood pool techniques." }] }, { "code" : "720585001", "display" : "Multi-agency case management review meeting", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ \"Case coordination\" is the closest ICHI concept, covering the coordination of care across providers for an individual patient. ICHI is broader because it encompasses the full ongoing coordination function rather than the specific activity of a multi-agency review meeting." }] }, { "code" : "700431008", "display" : "Multidisciplinary assessment of care needs", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" is the best available ICHI match — it is a whole-person assessment and aligns with evaluating care needs comprehensively. ICHI is broader because it does not specify multidisciplinary involvement or a focus specifically on care needs as opposed to overall health status." }] }, { "code" : "384682003", "display" : "Multidisciplinary care conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ \"Case coordination\" is the closest match as a whole-person, collaboration-oriented intervention; a multidisciplinary care conference is a specific instance of coordinating care across a team. ICHI is broader as it encompasses all case coordination activities, not specifically the conference/meeting format." }] }, { "code" : "408423009", "display" : "Multidisciplinary team falls assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for a falls-specific or multidisciplinary team assessment; fall-related codes are limited to gait and balance exercises (rehabilitation). \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the broadest applicable assessment code under \"Interventions on whole person,\" but is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on fall risk." }] }, { "code" : "404221001", "display" : "Multiple gated acquisition scanning", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.BA.BE", "display" : "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for MUGA/equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (gated blood pool scanning). \"Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified\" (HTB.BA.BE) is the closest match, as it sits under heart function imaging and covers radionuclide-based cardiac scan techniques, but is broader and does not specify the gated acquisition/radionuclide methodology." }] }, { "code" : "233570006", "display" : "Multiple periods of cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.DD.AF", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single code for cardiopulmonary bypass (PSA.DD.AF) with no mechanism to encode repetition or multiplicity of bypass runs within the classification itself. The SNOMED concept's specificity around \"multiple periods\" is lost, making the ICHI code broader; however, it is the correct and only applicable code for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "231623009", "display" : "Muscle graft into levator palpebrae muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to grafting into the levator palpebrae superioris (an eyelid muscle used in ptosis repair); the best available code is BAA.ML.AA \"Reconstruction of eyelid,\" which covers the surgical reconstruction of eyelid structures but is broader than the specific muscle graft technique described in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "264985009", "display" : "Muscle transfer at elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no elbow-specific muscle transfer code — the elbow section covers only bone, cartilage, and joint interventions — so the only available muscle transfer code is MRM.LJ.AA at unspecified site, which is broader than the elbow-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63780003", "display" : "Muscle-testing by bicycle dynamometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bicycle dynamometer (ergometer) specifically measures muscle power output during cycling; ICHI's \"Test of muscle power\" covers this functional domain but is broader, not specifying the instrument or cycling modality. The means axis .ZZ reflects that no specific instrument code exists for a dynamometer in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "18000007", "display" : "Muscle-testing with torque curves during isometric and isokinetic exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Isokinetic/isometric torque curve testing is a specific biomechanical method of muscle power assessment (typically with devices such as a Biodex); ICHI's \"Test of muscle power\" is the best functional match but lacks specificity for the torque measurement method or the isokinetic/isometric distinction." }] }, { "code" : "408870003", "display" : "Musculoskeletal care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED's \"musculoskeletal care assessment\" is a broad clinical assessment of the musculoskeletal system, which maps well to ICHI's residual \"Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified\"; ICHI is slightly broader in that it does not carry the \"care\" context, but this is the closest assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "373195007", "display" : "Musculoskeletal debridement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers debridement across all musculoskeletal structures (bone, joint, tendon, muscle, soft tissue), whereas the best assignable ICHI code is scoped to muscle of unspecified site only. No single ICHI code aggregates musculoskeletal debridement across all tissue types." }] }, { "code" : "112705001", "display" : "Musculoskeletal system amputation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code explicitly captures amputation of a musculoskeletal system structure as an NEC residual category, making it a strong conceptual match to the SNOMED concept. It is technically wider because it uses the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier implying it catches cases not covered by site-specific amputation codes, while the SNOMED concept is a general category-level term for any musculoskeletal amputation." }] }, { "code" : "363213008", "display" : "Musculoskeletal system measurement of physiology/function", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest system-level assessment code covers the full musculoskeletal system NEC, which is broader than a measurement specifically of physiology or function; more specific measurement codes exist but each covers only one sub-domain rather than the full system." }] }, { "code" : "363215001", "display" : "Musculoskeletal system physical examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly, which encompasses physical examination, but \"assessment\" in ICHI is broader than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on physical examination (clinical inspection/palpation). It is the closest available code within the musculoskeletal system assessment axis." }] }, { "code" : "228569000", "display" : "Music exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2BX7", "display" : "Music therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Music therapy\" is the closest code, but it is broader — music therapy is a structured therapeutic discipline, while \"music exercise\" in SNOMED denotes a specific activity-based intervention using music (e.g., rhythmic movement or singing as an exercise modality), which is a component of but not equivalent to music therapy as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "10929006", "display" : "Myectomy for graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.JJ.AA captures the core action (excision of muscle, open approach) but does not encode the specific purpose of graft harvesting; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly designates the excision as being performed to obtain a muscle graft." }] }, { "code" : "404939002", "display" : "Myofascial release", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for myofascial release; the closest available code is release of soft tissue of unspecified site, which is semantically broader as it encompasses any soft tissue (not just the musculofascial complex) and does not imply the manual therapy technique characteristic of myofascial release." }] }, { "code" : "73536002", "display" : "Myotomy of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific myotomy code for the colon — the colon block (KBP) contains no incision/myotomy entry — so the best match is the generic myotomy of unspecified site, which is broader as it does not specify the colon as the target organ." }] }, { "code" : "26978009", "display" : "Myotomy of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FA.AA", "display" : "Myotomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no myotomy code for intestine (neither the small nor large intestine blocks contain a myotomy entry), so the generic myotomy of unspecified site is the best available match, which is broader as it does not identify the intestine as the target." }] }, { "code" : "397926008", "display" : "Myringotomy and drainage of middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBB.FA.AC", "display" : "Myringotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Myringotomy\" (CBB.FA.AC) covers the incision of the tympanic membrane but does not explicitly encode the drainage of the middle ear component; the SNOMED concept is therefore more specific than the ICHI code, making ICHI wider." }] }, { "code" : "1142127002", "display" : "N-3 fatty acid modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ \"Food modification\" is the closest ICHI match, sitting within the \"Interventions on food\" block, but it broadly covers any food/diet modification rather than specifically prescribing an omega-3 (N-3 fatty acid) enriched diet. The SNOMED concept is considerably more specific, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "252257000", "display" : "N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The BTPABA (bentiromide) test is a specific oral provocation test of exocrine pancreatic chymotrypsin activity and intestinal absorption, which ICHI does not represent at that level of specificity. KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering all digestive function assessments rather than this particular chemical/functional test." }] }, { "code" : "245541002", "display" : "Nail operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAG", "display" : "Interventions on skin appendages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block grouping all nail operations together — nail interventions are split between BlockL5-LBD (nail of finger) and BlockL5-LBF (nail of toe), both under BlockL4-LAG. The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all nail procedures, making the parent block the closest ICHI equivalent, though it also covers non-nail appendages such as hair." }] }, { "code" : "307271005", "display" : "Nasal cautery", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of intranasal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nasal cautery is a specific technique (thermal or chemical destruction) applied to intranasal tissue, which maps closely to \"Destruction of intranasal lesion.\" The ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all destruction methods and targets any intranasal lesion, whereas nasal cautery can also be used for epistaxis control without a discrete lesion." }] }, { "code" : "42213007", "display" : "Nasal chondrotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chondrotomy is an incision into cartilage, and nasal chondrotomy specifically incises nasal cartilage (septal or alar); ICHI lacks a dedicated nasal cartilage incision code, so \"Incision of nose\" is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any nasal incision, not specifically one targeting cartilaginous structures." }] }, { "code" : "315312002", "display" : "Nasal columella lengthening operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Columella lengthening is a reconstructive plastic surgery procedure on the nasal columella, which falls under nose reconstruction in ICHI. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all nasal reconstruction procedures, not specifically columella lengthening." }] }, { "code" : "445212008", "display" : "Nasal potential difference test", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.AB.AC", "display" : "Nasal function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nasal potential difference test is an electrophysiological measurement of ion transport across nasal mucosa (used in cystic fibrosis workup), which constitutes a nasal function assessment; \"Nasal function study\" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it covers any nasal functional assessment rather than this specific electrophysiological test." }] }, { "code" : "373657001", "display" : "Nasal sinus procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAE", "display" : "Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping category for any nasal sinus procedure, and the ICHI block \"Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified\" covers the same anatomical scope but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category. No single assignable ICHI code captures the full breadth of the SNOMED grouper." }] }, { "code" : "229312009", "display" : "Nasal ventilation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC covers artificial ventilation broadly, including invasive and non-invasive modes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes nasal (non-invasive) ventilation therapy (e.g., CPAP, BiPAP via nasal mask); ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the nasal route, making this the closest available code but broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "119715008", "display" : "Nasopharynx destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAM", "display" : "Interventions on nasal pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific destruction/ablation code for the nasopharynx — the JAM block contains 13 children covering excision, reconstruction, biopsy, suctioning, and foreign body removal, but no destruction (GA action) code. The block \"Interventions on nasal pharynx\" is the best available fit at a higher level of abstraction." }] }, { "code" : "119704003", "display" : "Nasopharynx excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAM.JJ.AC", "display" : "Partial excision of nasal pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Nasopharynx excision\" is a generic excision concept covering any degree of removal; JAM.JJ.AC (partial excision) is selected as the most representative code since partial excision is the most commonly performed type, making the SNOMED concept slightly broader than any single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "119703009", "display" : "Nasopharynx incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAM", "display" : "Interventions on nasal pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no incision (FA action) code for the nasopharynx — the entire JAM block contains no incision procedure, unlike the trachea block which has JBA.FA.AA. The block \"Interventions on nasal pharynx\" is the only assignable structural anchor available." }] }, { "code" : "119719002", "display" : "Nasopharynx manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAM", "display" : "Interventions on nasal pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a manipulation (LD action) code for the nasopharynx; the manipulation action axis in ICHI is primarily applied to joints and intestines, not the upper airway. The nasopharynx block is the best available anatomical anchor for this concept." }] }, { "code" : "232679009", "display" : "Nasotracheal intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for nasotracheal (nasal-route) intubation versus orotracheal intubation — JBA.DL.AC covers insertion of an endotracheal tube regardless of approach; the nasal route specificity of the SNOMED concept is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "91097001", "display" : "Neuromuscular procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ACA", "display" : "Interventions on peripheral nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Neuromuscular procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept with no direct assignable ICHI category equivalent. The peripheral nervous system block (BlockL4-ACA) is the closest structural match, but it is broader and a block code rather than an assignable leaf category." }] }, { "code" : "359901001", "display" : "Neuroplasty and transposition of median nerve at carpal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a combined neuroplasty (repair/release) and transposition of the median nerve at the wrist; ICHI's ACA.LJ.AA captures the transposition component (the more defining surgical step), but the code is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve transposition without specificity to the median nerve or carpal tunnel site." }] }, { "code" : "39647001", "display" : "Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of brachial plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty (surgical repair/reconstruction of a nerve) aligns closely with \"Repair of peripheral nerve\" in ICHI; however, the ICHI code covers any peripheral nerve and does not specify the brachial plexus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept — the anatomical site can be added via an ICHI extension code (XA22K9 for brachial plexus)." }] }, { "code" : "40362001", "display" : "Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Neuroplasty\" maps to \"Repair of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.MK.AA) as the operative action is nerve repair/reconstruction; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the lower limb anatomical location, which would need to be conveyed via an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "36007006", "display" : "Neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve of lumbar plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the other neuroplasty concepts, \"Repair of peripheral nerve\" (ACA.MK.AA) is the best ICHI match for neuroplasty; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the lumbar plexus specificity, which would require the extension code XA1E79 for the lumbar plexus." }] }, { "code" : "10431008", "display" : "Neuroplasty of median nerve at carpal tunnel", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel (carpal tunnel release/decompression) is a release procedure on a peripheral nerve, which ACA.FC.AA captures precisely at the action level. ICHI does not distinguish by specific nerve identity (median) or anatomical site (carpal tunnel), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "81649000", "display" : "Neuroplasty of old injury", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty of an old injury involves reconstructive repair of a previously damaged peripheral nerve; ACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve) is the closest ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all peripheral nerve repairs without specifying chronicity (\"old injury\") or the mechanism of the original damage." }] }, { "code" : "71907001", "display" : "Neuroplasty of ulnar nerve at elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (cubital tunnel release/ulnar nerve decompression) is a nerve release procedure, matching the action axis (FC = release) and target axis (ACA = peripheral nerve) of ACA.FC.AA. ICHI is broader because it does not specify the nerve (ulnar) or anatomical location (elbow/cubital tunnel)." }] }, { "code" : "30420006", "display" : "Neuroplasty of ulnar nerve at wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty of the ulnar nerve at the wrist (Guyon's canal release) is a release of a peripheral nerve, captured by ACA.FC.AA. As with the elbow variant, ICHI is broader because it does not differentiate by specific nerve identity (ulnar) or anatomical site (wrist/Guyon's canal)." }] }, { "code" : "73164003", "display" : "Neurorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neurorrhaphy (suturing/anastomosis of a severed nerve) is a form of peripheral nerve repair; ACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve) is the best available ICHI code. ACA.MK.AA is broader as it encompasses all nerve repair types without specifying the suture technique, and does not restrict to a specific nerve or location." }] }, { "code" : "185892004", "display" : "New patient screening first letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific administrative act — sending a first written invitation to a new patient for screening — which ICHI does not represent at that granularity. VDB.VB.ZZ is the closest available code, covering population-level awareness-raising to promote screening uptake, making it broader than the individual-letter-based outreach described in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "185893009", "display" : "New patient screening second letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A second screening invitation letter is a follow-up individual outreach act with no ICHI equivalent at that specificity; VDB.VB.ZZ is again the best available code representing the broader intent of encouraging screening participation, without capturing the sequential or communication-modality detail." }] }, { "code" : "185896001", "display" : "New patient screening telephone invitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Inviting a new patient to screening by telephone is an individual-level outreach act not represented in ICHI's classification; VDB.VB.ZZ is the closest code capturing the intent of promoting screening behaviour, but does not differentiate by communication channel or individual versus population level." }] }, { "code" : "185894003", "display" : "New patient screening third letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A third written screening invitation is a final-reminder administrative act; ICHI has no code for sequential invitation letters or individual-level written outreach, so VDB.VB.ZZ represents the broader goal of influencing screening behaviour without the sequential or modality specificity." }] }, { "code" : "185895002", "display" : "New patient screening verbal invitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VB.ZZ", "display" : "Awareness raising to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A verbal (face-to-face or spoken) invitation to screening is an individual-level communication act not captured at that granularity in ICHI; VDB.VB.ZZ is the best available code representing the overarching intent of promoting screening uptake, but is broader than a specific verbal invitation encounter." }] }, { "code" : "422678005", "display" : "Newborn activity of daily living needs assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers assessment of self-care activities broadly (the closest functional equivalent to ADL assessment in ICHI), but does not specify the newborn/neonatal population or the \"needs assessment\" framing that makes this SNOMED concept distinct. ICHI has no age-specific or neonatal qualifier for this code." }] }, { "code" : "423276007", "display" : "Newborn admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's general health assessment of the whole person is the best available match for a newborn admission assessment, but it is broader — covering any age and any assessment context, not specifically an admission encounter for a neonate. No more specific neonatal admission assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "9153009", "display" : "Newborn care service", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Newborn care service\" describes an overall care encounter rather than a specific assessment or procedure, and the closest ICHI concept is the general health management encounter for the whole person; ICHI carries no neonatal-specific care service code, making this a broad approximate match." }] }, { "code" : "423589000", "display" : "Newborn continuous physical assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Continuous physical assessment of a newborn is best captured in ICHI by \"Observation of whole person,\" which reflects the ongoing, monitoring nature of the intervention, but the code is wider because it is not specific to neonates or to the continuous/repeated character of the assessment." }] }, { "code" : "52000000", "display" : "Nicola operation for recurrent dislocation of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDL.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Nicola operation is a specific open procedure (biceps tendon transfer through the humeral head to stabilise the glenohumeral joint for recurrent anterior dislocation), and MDL.LC.AA \"Stabilisation of shoulder\" is the best ICHI match capturing the functional intent; however, the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses any shoulder stabilisation technique and does not specify the tendon transfer approach or the recurrent dislocation indication." }] }, { "code" : "151159008", "display" : "Nicotine replacement therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription related to tobacco use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a pharmacological intervention; VAB.TI.ZZ covers all prescriptions related to tobacco use behaviours, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of NRT delivery. No code for administering or providing nicotine replacement products specifically exists in the ICHI tobacco use block." }] }, { "code" : "238323009", "display" : "Night-time intermittent peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE is the only peritoneal dialysis code in ICHI and does not distinguish between subtypes (intermittent vs continuous, nocturnal vs daytime), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies night-time intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD)." }] }, { "code" : "34281000175105", "display" : "Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC for \"Artificial ventilation\" is the closest category covering mechanical respiratory support, though it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies continuous positive airway pressure applied nocturnally; ICHI has no separate CPAP-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "1231768001", "display" : "Nocturnal home hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis in general; the SNOMED concept specifies nocturnal and home-based hemodialysis, which are more granular attributes (setting and schedule) not captured in the ICHI code. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225413008", "display" : "Nominal observation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Nominal observation\" is a mental health nursing term for a low-intensity, non-continuous watch of a patient, which aligns most closely with general observation of the whole person; the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify level of intensity or mental health setting." }] }, { "code" : "363238003", "display" : "Non operative procedure on respiratory tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single assignable ICHI category covers all non-operative respiratory tract procedures; the block BlockL3-JAA encompasses the full range of respiratory interventions (operative and non-operative), making it broader. Assigning a block code is appropriate here as the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouper." }] }, { "code" : "1303736002", "display" : "Non-emergency transportation request", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ represents the act of physically transporting a person, which is the closest match; however, the SNOMED concept is a request/administrative act and specifically non-emergency, neither of which is encoded in the ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "447837008", "display" : "Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's only codeable ventilation intervention covers all forms of artificial ventilation (invasive and non-invasive), making it broader than NIPPV specifically. The \"Bilevel positive airway pressure\" entry in the linearization is a device/means extension value with no assignable procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "1366508007", "display" : "Non-invasive ventilation titration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NIV titration is the process of measuring and adjusting ventilator pressure parameters to achieve optimal respiratory support, which maps most closely to measurement of respiration function; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any respiratory measurement, not specifically ventilator setting optimisation." }] }, { "code" : "118491005", "display" : "Non-local anesthesia procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PZA", "display" : "Interventions on comprehensive or unspecified topography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Non-local anaesthesia\" is a SNOMED grouper concept spanning general anaesthesia (PZA.DC.AC, PZA.DC.AF) and regional nerve blocks (various ACA/ABG/ABN DC codes); no single ICHI category covers this scope, so the parent block is the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "363239006", "display" : "Non-operative procedure on auditory system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-CT2", "display" : "Interventions on ear functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Non-operative procedure on auditory system\" is a SNOMED grouper for non-surgical ear interventions; ICHI's ear functions block (CT2) groups hearing assessment, audiometry, vestibular testing, and other non-surgical ear interventions, making it the best structural match even though it is a non-assignable block code." }] }, { "code" : "427054008", "display" : "Non-rigid stabilization of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for non-rigid/dynamic spinal stabilization (the interspinous stabilisation device entry in the database is missing its code); MBZ.DN.AA captures the core act of implanting a device into the spine but does not distinguish rigid fusion from non-rigid stabilization, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713443004", "display" : "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.DB.AC", "display" : "Oral or enteral medication for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no NSAID-specific or anti-inflammatory-specific code; AXA.DB.AC is the closest functional match because NSAIDs are predominantly given orally for pain, but the code covers any oral pain medication regardless of drug class." }] }, { "code" : "34390007", "display" : "Nonexcisional debridement of burn", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JG.AH captures non-incisional (non-excisional) debridement of skin/subcutaneous tissue, which aligns with the nonexcisional approach, but does not specify that the wound is a burn, and its NEC/residual nature makes it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "709186008", "display" : "Noninvasive abdominal fetal electrocardiography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for fetal ECG or abdominal fetal electrocardiography; NMR.AA.ZZ (assessment of fetal/embryonic structure, means unspecified) is the closest fit within the fetal interventions block, but it is far broader, covering all forms of fetal assessment without specifying the electrocardiographic modality or abdominal route." }] }, { "code" : "54211003", "display" : "Nonmagnetic extraction of foreign body from lens without extraction of lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JD.AA precisely matches the procedure site (lens) and action (removal of foreign body), but it does not encode the nonmagnetic technique or the qualifier that the lens itself is preserved, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "50553006", "display" : "Nonmechanical method of resuscitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MC", "display" : "Resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's MC code covers resuscitation in general; the only more specific assignable code is HT2.MC.AH (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), which presupposes a specific technique, whereas MC is the broadest resuscitation category and best represents the nonmechanical/general concept, albeit without encoding the \"nonmechanical\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "387673001", "display" : "Nonstress test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nonstress test is a specific antepartum procedure that monitors fetal heart rate response to fetal movement using external electronic fetal monitoring; ICHI has no dedicated code for this and NMR.AA.ZZ (assessment of fetal or embryonic structure) is the closest available concept, but it is broader — covering all forms of fetal assessment rather than this particular non-invasive heart rate test." }] }, { "code" : "229449004", "display" : "Nonsurgical manipulation of carpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for manipulation of a carpal bone; the closest anatomical match is manipulation of the wrist joint (MFJ.PA.AH), which encompasses the carpal region but is coded at the joint level rather than targeting an individual carpal bone, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229439002", "display" : "Nonsurgical manipulation of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific manipulation codes for individual upper limb joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/finger) but no single code grouping all upper limb joint manipulations; MRJ.PA.AH (unspecified site) is the broadest available manipulation of joint code, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which at minimum specifies the upper limb region." }] }, { "code" : "363243005", "display" : "Nonsurgical manipulation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any nonsurgical manipulation regardless of body part, while ICHI's broadest assignable manipulation code (MRJ.PA.AH) is restricted to joint manipulation of an unspecified site; it is the most general available manipulation category code in ICHI but does not cover all body-part manipulations." }] }, { "code" : "104834006", "display" : "Norepinephrine, challenge tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for norepinephrine challenge testing (nor for any catecholamine or autonomic provocation tests); PZA.AC.ZZ is the closest available code, covering the general concept of a provocation/challenge test applied to the whole body, but it is far broader than the specific norepinephrine challenge test described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177184002", "display" : "Normal delivery procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"normal delivery\" is by definition a spontaneous vaginal delivery, which aligns closely with NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery); however, the ICHI code encompasses all vaginal deliveries including assisted vaginal deliveries (forceps, vacuum), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically implies an uncomplicated, spontaneous birth." }] }, { "code" : "27032005", "display" : "Nose and throat examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has JAA.AE.AD (Rhinoscopy) for nose examination and separate codes under the oral pharynx block for throat, but no combined nose-and-throat examination code. PZX.AE.AH covers physical inspection of any body site and is broader than the specific combined SNOMED concept, making it the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "287398005", "display" : "Nose incised - drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.FA.AA describes incision of the nose as a general procedure, which encompasses the incision-for-drainage technique implied by the SNOMED concept, but does not specify drainage as the purpose. ICHI has no dedicated \"incision and drainage of nose\" composite code, making this the closest available match at a broader level of specificity." }] }, { "code" : "170531007", "display" : "Notification of legionella", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for statutory notification of a specific disease; UBC.VC.ZZ covers the broader population-level public health surveillance activity that statutory notifiable disease reporting (including legionella) is a component of. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of population surveillance, not just notification of a single pathogen." }] }, { "code" : "170520004", "display" : "Notification of malaria", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for statutory disease notification of malaria specifically; UBC.VC.ZZ (Population public health surveillance) is the closest representable concept, but it is broader, covering all population surveillance activities rather than the single act of notifying authorities of a malaria case." }] }, { "code" : "170521000", "display" : "Notification of measles", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for notifiable disease reporting of measles; UBC.VC.ZZ represents the encompassing population public health surveillance activity of which statutory measles notification is a specific instance, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "170533005", "display" : "Notification of mumps", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not represent disease-specific statutory notification; UBC.VC.ZZ is the best available code representing the overarching population surveillance framework within which mumps notification falls, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "170522007", "display" : "Notification of ophthalmia neonatorum", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis, a notifiable condition in many jurisdictions) has no corresponding ICHI notification code; UBC.VC.ZZ is the broadest applicable category covering population surveillance activities, making it wider relative to this specific statutory reporting act." }] }, { "code" : "170532000", "display" : "Notification of rubella", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for statutory notification of a specific notifiable disease; UBC.VC.ZZ is the closest structural fit, covering population-level public health surveillance activity, but it is far broader — it does not capture the individual case-report act, the specific disease (rubella), or the statutory/mandatory nature of the notification." }] }, { "code" : "170523002", "display" : "Notification of scarlet fever", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for notifiable disease reporting of scarlet fever (or any named disease); UBC.VC.ZZ is the broadest applicable category but encompasses far more than a single statutory case notification." }] }, { "code" : "170524008", "display" : "Notification of tetanus", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not include a code for mandatory notification of tetanus; UBC.VC.ZZ covers the general domain of public health surveillance but is population-oriented and disease-agnostic, making it wider than this specific disease-reporting act." }] }, { "code" : "170525009", "display" : "Notification of tuberculosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for statutory TB case notification; UBC.VC.ZZ is the nearest conceptual domain (public health surveillance) but is a population-level intervention category that is substantially broader than a clinician filing a single notifiable disease report for tuberculosis." }] }, { "code" : "170526005", "display" : "Notification of whooping cough", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBC.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Population public health surveillance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for notifiable disease reporting of whooping cough (pertussis); UBC.VC.ZZ represents the closest available domain but is a population-level surveillance category that does not capture the individual, disease-specific, legally-mandated notification act encoded in this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "34677009", "display" : "Novobiocin susceptibility test", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG50T0", "display" : "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG50T0 covers antimicrobial susceptibility testing in general, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a novobiocin susceptibility test — a single-agent disk diffusion test used mainly to differentiate Staphylococcus species. ICHI has no code at the level of a specific antibiotic agent, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "414880004", "display" : "Nuchal ultrasound scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to nuchal translucency or nuchal imaging; NMR.BA.BJ (ultrasound of fetal structure, NEC) is the closest available code as the nuchal region is a fetal structure imaged during first-trimester screening. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any non-specified fetal ultrasound rather than the specific nuchal site." }] }, { "code" : "69371006", "display" : "Nurse and patient conference", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AN.ZZ", "display" : "Interview in relation to the whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AN.ZZ describes a structured interview/discussion with a patient at the whole-person level, which encompasses the communicative encounter between a nurse and patient; however, it is broader because it is not restricted to nursing professionals and covers any such interview encounter regardless of the initiating clinician." }] }, { "code" : "21742008", "display" : "Nursing care management session", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) is the closest ICHI concept to a structured nursing care management session, capturing the organising and coordinating role around a patient's care, but it is broader in that it is not nurse-specific and encompasses care coordination by any professional." }] }, { "code" : "410349005", "display" : "Nursing care/supplementary case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) captures the case management function described by this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is not role-specific (not limited to nursing) and does not distinguish supplementary from primary case management, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410170008", "display" : "Nutrition care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.AA.ZZ is the closest available code, covering assessment of food as an environmental/product intervention, which partially captures the evaluative intent of a nutrition care assessment. However, the ICHI code is situated in a public-health/environmental frame rather than the individual clinical nutrition assessment captured by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "51131000119102", "display" : "Nutrition therapy for hypertension", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code combining nutritional therapy with hypertension; \"Advising about eating behaviours\" is the closest clinical match, capturing the dietetic/advisory action, but is broader because it does not specify hypertension as the indication and frames the intervention as advice rather than structured therapy." }] }, { "code" : "445331000124105", "display" : "Nutrition-related laboratory result interpretation education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for education specifically about interpreting laboratory results in a nutritional context; metabolic lab results fall under general metabolic functions, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all education about metabolic functions, not specifically lab result interpretation." }] }, { "code" : "445291000124103", "display" : "Nutrition-related skill education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code explicitly for education on nutrition-related skills (meal planning, label reading, cooking); \"Education about eating\" is the closest match, but is broader because it does not capture the skill-acquisition framing or the full range of nutrition-related competencies." }] }, { "code" : "310243009", "display" : "Nutritional assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated \"nutritional assessment\" code; \"Assessment of eating behaviours\" is the best fit, as nutritional assessment centres on dietary intake and eating patterns, but is broader — full nutritional assessment also encompasses anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical signs that go beyond eating behaviour alone." }] }, { "code" : "386374005", "display" : "Nutritional monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of weight maintenance functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific nutritional monitoring code; \"Assessment of weight maintenance functions\" is the closest equivalent because nutritional status monitoring is operationalised through weight tracking, but is broader — it focuses on weight maintenance as a digestive system function rather than the multi-parameter longitudinal surveillance implied." }] }, { "code" : "450503001", "display" : "Obliteration of aneurysm of cerebral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AA captures surgical (open) occlusion of an intracranial artery, aligning with cerebral artery aneurysm obliteration; however, it is broader because it covers occlusion of any intracranial artery for any reason, not specifically aneurysm obliteration, and does not distinguish the means (clipping vs. other)." }] }, { "code" : "450504007", "display" : "Obliteration of aneurysm of circle of Willis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The circle of Willis is composed of intracranial arteries, so IAA.LA.AA is the appropriate target-axis match; ICHI does not separately classify the circle of Willis and the code is broader than aneurysm-specific obliteration." }] }, { "code" : "259771008", "display" : "Obliteration of cerebrospinal fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for closure or obliteration of a cerebrospinal (CSF) fistula; repair of cerebral meninges is the broadest anatomically relevant code, as CSF fistulae typically involve a meningeal defect, but it covers all meningeal repairs and does not specify a fistula." }] }, { "code" : "359981003", "display" : "Obliteration of cul-de-sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cul-de-sac (pouch of Douglas) is a peritoneal fold and its obliteration involves surgical closure of a peritoneal space, broadly captured under repair of peritoneum; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to this anatomical location or to the obliteration procedure itself." }] }, { "code" : "32579002", "display" : "Obliteration of lacrimal canaliculi", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the canaliculus, so the best match is destruction of the lacrimal apparatus, which is broader — it covers the entire lacrimal apparatus rather than just the canaliculi specifically. Obliteration implies permanent destruction rather than temporary occlusion, making GA the better action axis match." }] }, { "code" : "82262008", "display" : "Obliteration of lacrimal punctum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lacrimal punctum exists only as extension target codes in ICHI, not as an independently addressable target; the nearest assignable code is destruction of the lacrimal apparatus, which is wider than the SNOMED concept that specifically targets the punctum." }] }, { "code" : "232204005", "display" : "Obliteration of posterior semicircular canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the posterior semicircular canal or to canal plugging/obliteration; the closest available category is CCA.GA.AC, which encompasses the inner ear as a whole rather than the individual semicircular canal, making it considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "26417002", "display" : "Obliteration of Skene's gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Skene's glands (paraurethral glands) are not represented as a separate ICHI target; there is no dedicated block or category for paraurethral gland interventions. The closest procedural code is NMI.GA.AA, which subsumes the anatomical region but is far broader in target scope." }] }, { "code" : "232203004", "display" : "Obliteration of superior semicircular canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the semicircular canal or to obliteration as a distinct action on that structure; the closest valid code targets the entire inner ear with a destruction action, which is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710979003", "display" : "Observation of altered perception", "target" : [{ "code" : "AU2.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of specific mental functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's perceptual functions block (AUE) has no AM (observation) action code — only assessment, test, training, counselling, and support codes exist there; AU2.AM.ZZ is the closest available code and is broader, as it covers all specific mental functions rather than perception specifically." }] }, { "code" : "225404006", "display" : "Observation of behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for observation of behaviour as a discrete category; PZB.AM.ZZ covers observation of the whole person, which is the broadest clinical observation unit and subsumes behavioural observation." }] }, { "code" : "418090003", "display" : "Obstetric Doppler ultrasonography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of fetal structures broadly and does not specify the Doppler technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically Doppler-based; it is the closest available code in ICHI's fetal imaging block." }] }, { "code" : "386624002", "display" : "Obstetrical trachelotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.FA.AC", "display" : "Incision of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trachelotomy (incision of the cervix/neck of uterus) maps precisely to NMF.FA.AC in the cervix uteri block, but ICHI does not encode the obstetrical context, making the ICHI code slightly wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "108104006", "display" : "Obstetrics endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"obstetric endoscopy\" category spanning all obstetric endoscopic procedures; individual endoscopic procedures are coded separately across obstetric target blocks (e.g., NME.AE.AD Hysteroscopy, NMM.AE.AE Amnioscopy). The block \"Interventions on female genital system\" is the broadest ICHI grouping that encompasses these." }] }, { "code" : "120071009", "display" : "Obstetrics reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes obstetric reconstruction procedures individually by target structure rather than as a single class (e.g., NME.ML.AA Reconstruction of uterus, NMH.ML.AC Other vaginal reconstruction). No single ICHI code corresponds to the SNOMED grouping \"Obstetrics reconstruction,\" making the parent block the closest representation." }] }, { "code" : "76486003", "display" : "Occlusion of bilateral fallopian tubes", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.LA.AA covers occlusion of fallopian tubes generally without specifying laterality; the SNOMED concept is explicitly bilateral, which is a narrower specification not encoded in the ICHI title. Laterality could in principle be captured via an ICHI extension code, making the base code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "441676000", "display" : "Occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using embolization coil", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIJ.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of ductus arteriosus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIJ.LA.AA matches the target (ductus arteriosus) and the action (occlusion) precisely, but does not specify the means (embolization coil); the SNOMED concept is more granular in encoding the specific technique. The means axis value for embolization coil exists in ICHI as an extension but is not part of the base code, making HIJ.LA.AA broader." }] }, { "code" : "183343000", "display" : "Occupational need assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SU2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a structured assessment of a patient's occupational or vocational functioning needs, covering assessment of participation in work and employment broadly. The SNOMED concept may encompass both occupational therapy needs and vocational needs, while the ICHI code is scoped specifically to work and employment participation, making it a wider but reasonable match." }] }, { "code" : "860788002", "display" : "Ocrelizumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ocrelizumab is a specific anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody administered by intravenous infusion for multiple sclerosis; ICHI does not classify individual pharmacological agents and the closest code (PZA.DB.AZ) covers any pharmacotherapy administration without specifying the drug, route, or indication, making it substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "17259005", "display" : "Ocular motility study", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ocular motility study is a functional assessment of extraocular muscle movement (controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, VI); BTF.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of all functions of structures adjoining the eye, which is broader than the specific measurement of ocular motility. No dedicated ocular motility assessment code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "287251000", "display" : "Old nerve injury repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Old nerve injury repair\" refers to surgical repair of a chronically injured (delayed) peripheral nerve; ACA.MK.AA covers repair of peripheral nerve in general without distinguishing acuity or chronicity, making it a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "307557003", "display" : "Omental patch repair of perforated pyloric ulcer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific surgical repair technique (omental patching) applied to a perforated pyloric ulcer, which is in the stomach/pylorus region; ICHI's \"Repair of stomach\" covers the general action on the same target but does not capture the omental patch technique, the perforation context, or pyloric specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78384007", "display" : "Omentectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated omentectomy code; the omentum is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (Excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest structural match, but it covers excision of any peritoneal tissue and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes removal of the omentum." }] }, { "code" : "446490007", "display" : "One stage extracapsular extraction of lens and insertion of prosthetic intraocular lens by inferior temporal route", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not combine lens extraction and prosthetic lens insertion into a single code, nor does it encode the extracapsular technique or the inferior temporal approach; BBF.JK.AA captures the primary operative action (lens extraction) but is broader, omitting the IOL insertion component and all procedural specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "387668007", "display" : "One stage orchidopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.LC.AA maps directly to orchiopexy (surgical fixation of the testis), which is the same procedure as orchidopexy; the SNOMED term specifies \"one stage,\" a staging distinction that ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is marginally broader, but the core clinical content is an excellent match." }] }, { "code" : "439322008", "display" : "Open arteriovenous anastomosis by transposition of basilic vein of upper arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.LB.AA is the closest ICHI code for an open arteriovenous anastomosis, covering anastomosis of an unspecified artery by open approach, but it does not capture the specific technique (basilic vein transposition), the specific vessels, or the anatomical site (upper arm); the SNOMED concept is therefore considerably more specific than this residual ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "439349008", "display" : "Open arteriovenous anastomosis by transposition of cephalic vein of upper arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an arteriovenous anastomosis of the upper limb or cephalic vein; IZD.LB.AA covers anastomosis of vein (NEC) and is the closest vascular match, but it is broader — it does not capture the arteriovenous nature, the specific cephalic vein target, or the transposition technique." }] }, { "code" : "33798009", "display" : "Open biopsy of endometrium", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated endometrium-specific biopsy code; NME.AD.AA covers biopsy of the uterus as a whole via an open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the endometrium as the target tissue." }] }, { "code" : "173012006", "display" : "Open biopsy of lesion of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.AD.AA covers biopsy of the larynx generally via open approach (means axis AA), matching the open surgical route, but the ICHI code does not restrict to a lesion target — it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a lesion as the biopsy focus." }] }, { "code" : "173199003", "display" : "Open biopsy of lesion of mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCG.AD.AA", "display" : "Mediastinal biopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCG.AD.AA is the unspecified-approach mediastinal biopsy code (means AA = open), contrasting with the explicitly endoscopic (AB) and percutaneous (AE) sibling codes, making it the best fit for an open biopsy; however it does not restrict to a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "171735009", "display" : "Open biopsy of lesion of spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABA.AD.AA covers open biopsy of the spinal cord (means axis AA = open approach), aligning well with the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not restrict the target to a lesion, making it slightly broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "735399006", "display" : "Open biopsy of nasal sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.AD.AA covers open biopsy of the paranasal sinus (means AA = open, contrasting sibling codes for endoscopic and percutaneous), matching the approach and anatomical site well; the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier makes it marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "56862009", "display" : "Open biopsy of sacrococcygeal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBR.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of sacral spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for the sacrococcygeal region as a combined anatomical target; MBR.AD.AA covers the sacral spine with an open approach, but the coccygeal component is classified separately under MBU.AD.AA. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers the sacrum alone, whereas the SNOMED concept spans both the sacrum and coccyx together." }] }, { "code" : "176044002", "display" : "Open biopsy of ureteric lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.AD.AA uses the open approach (AA) matching the SNOMED \"open biopsy,\" but ICHI targets the ureter as a whole rather than specifically a lesion within it, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies biopsy of a ureteric lesion." }] }, { "code" : "176347000", "display" : "Open biopsy of urethral lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.AD.AA uses the open approach (AA) matching the SNOMED \"open biopsy,\" but ICHI addresses the urethra as a whole rather than a specific urethral lesion, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept which targets a lesion." }] }, { "code" : "8863005", "display" : "Open biopsy of vertebral body of cervical region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBA.AD.AA captures an open biopsy (AA = open approach) of the cervical spinal column, matching the region and the procedure type well, but ICHI's target is the cervical spine broadly rather than the vertebral body specifically — the ICHI code could also apply to posterior arch elements, making it marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "55361002", "display" : "Open biopsy of vertebral body of lumbar region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.AD.AA captures an open biopsy (AA = open approach) of the lumbar spinal column, aligning well with the procedure and region, but ICHI targets the lumbar spine as a whole rather than the vertebral body specifically, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "3828003", "display" : "Open biopsy of vertebral body of thoracic region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.AD.AA covers biopsy of the thoracic spine broadly, which encompasses a vertebral body biopsy of the thoracic region, but it does not specify the vertebral body sub-target, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "175922001", "display" : "Open deroofing of renal cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for cyst deroofing (unroofing) of the kidney; local excision of a lesion of the kidney (open approach, AA) is the closest structural match, but it covers any focal excision of a kidney lesion, not specifically cyst deroofing." }] }, { "code" : "177018009", "display" : "Open destruction of lesion of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMA.GA.AA is titled \"Destruction of ovary\" rather than \"destruction of a lesion of the ovary,\" making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets only a focal lesion; no ICHI code more precisely captures focal/lesion-level ovarian destruction via open approach." }] }, { "code" : "177034007", "display" : "Open diagnostic aspiration of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JB.AA", "display" : "Open drainage of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"aspiration\" code for the ovary — the closest open procedure on the ovary is NMA.JB.AA (open drainage), which uses the drainage action via open approach and covers fluid removal from the ovary. The SNOMED concept specifies a diagnostic aspiration (narrower intent), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "174565002", "display" : "Open dilation of anastomosis of common bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LH.AA", "display" : "Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for dilation of an anastomosis of the common bile duct; KCM.LH.AA is the only open-approach dilatation code for the biliary duct and covers the procedural intent well, but it also implies device insertion and does not distinguish the anastomosis site or the common bile duct specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174558005", "display" : "Open dilation of anastomosis of hepatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.LH.AA", "display" : "Dilatation and insertion of device into biliary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hepatic duct is part of the biliary duct system and ICHI has no separate target code distinguishing hepatic duct from the broader biliary duct in this context; KCM.LH.AA is the best available open biliary dilatation code, but it is broader as it covers all biliary ducts and also implies device insertion rather than anastomosis dilation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "175098007", "display" : "Open division of accessory pathway within heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AA", "display" : "Ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for surgical division (cutting) of an accessory conduction pathway; HFC.GA.AA covers open ablation of the cardiac conduction system, which is the functionally equivalent procedure class (targeting aberrant conduction pathways such as in WPW), but it is broader as it encompasses all modalities and targets within the conduction system." }] }, { "code" : "231015006", "display" : "Open dorsal column neurostimulator electrode procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The dorsal column (posterior spinal cord) is accessed via the spinal canal, and ABG.DL.AA covers open insertion of a device into the spinal canal, which aligns with the placement of neurostimulator electrodes at this site; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device insertion into the spinal canal and does not distinguish neurostimulator electrodes specifically." }] }, { "code" : "173511007", "display" : "Open extraction of calculus from parotid duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA specifies the parotid gland rather than the parotid duct, and uses the open approach (means AA), matching the SNOMED concept closely except that ICHI's target is the gland broadly rather than the duct specifically, making it slightly wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "173522006", "display" : "Open extraction of calculus from submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no submandibular-gland-specific calculus extraction code; KAM.JE.AA covers all major salivary glands or ducts with open approach (means AA), which encompasses the submandibular duct but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "426568003", "display" : "Open implantation of cardiac ventricular assist device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of left ventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBA.DN.AA specifies open implantation of a left ventricular assist device, which is the most common clinical scenario and matches the open approach (means: AA). The SNOMED concept is non-laterality-specific (\"cardiac ventricular assist device\"), so the ICHI code is somewhat narrower by specifying the left ventricle; however, it is the best single assignable code and can be supplemented with laterality extension codes if needed." }] }, { "code" : "173581002", "display" : "Open laser destruction of lesion of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the action (destruction, GA) and target (oesophagus, KBA) correctly, and the means axis AA denotes open approach, which matches. However, ICHI does not capture the laser instrument specifically within this code, so KBA.GA.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept (which specifies laser as the means of destruction)." }] }, { "code" : "450636005", "display" : "Open ligation of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of fallopian tubes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ligation is a specific technique of fallopian tube occlusion, and the ICHI code covers all open occlusion methods (means axis AA = open approach), making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specific ligation technique. No ICHI code distinguishes ligation from other occlusion methods such as clamping or cauterisation." }] }, { "code" : "236250006", "display" : "Open operation on male urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAK", "display" : "Interventions on neck of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a grouping of open operations specifically on the male bladder neck; ICHI's BlockL5-NAK covers all interventions (open, endoscopic, laparoscopic) on the bladder neck without sex specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. No single assignable NAK category covers the full range implied by this grouping term." }] }, { "code" : "736798007", "display" : "Open operation on outlet of male bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAK", "display" : "Interventions on neck of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bladder outlet is anatomically equivalent to the bladder neck, and BlockL5-NAK (Interventions on neck of urinary bladder) is the corresponding ICHI grouping; it is wider because it encompasses all approaches and both sexes, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to open operations on the male outlet." }] }, { "code" : "175094009", "display" : "Open operations on conducting system of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HFC", "display" : "Interventions on conducting system of heart", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block title \"Interventions on conducting system of heart\" is a direct terminological match to the SNOMED display; it is wider because it encompasses all approaches (open, percutaneous transluminal, etc.) rather than only open operations, and the SNOMED concept is a grouping rather than a single procedure, so a block-level mapping is appropriate." }] }, { "code" : "173520003", "display" : "Open operations on submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code or block specific to the submandibular duct; BlockL5-KAM covers all interventions on salivary glands and their ducts (including codes explicitly referencing salivary duct), making it the closest available match, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (all major salivary glands) and approach (not limited to open)." }] }, { "code" : "179371006", "display" : "Open partial lateral meniscectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of meniscus of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMD.JJ.AA covers partial excision of any knee meniscus (medial or lateral) via open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the lateral meniscus specifically. The open approach (AA) does match, but the absence of lateral specificity means the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "173061008", "display" : "Open placement of prosthesis in trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DN.AC captures open device implantation into the trachea, which aligns with prosthesis placement; however, ICHI does not distinguish a prosthesis from other implantable devices, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a prosthesis via an open approach." }] }, { "code" : "173062001", "display" : "Open placement of tracheal stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DN.AC", "display" : "Implantation of device into trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DN.AC is the best available code for open surgical implantation of any device into the trachea; ICHI's only stent-specific tracheal code (JBA.KA.AD) is for endoscopic stent replacement, not open initial placement, so JBA.DN.AC is the appropriate but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "238346006", "display" : "Open pleural procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JCA", "display" : "Interventions on pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any open pleural procedure without specifying the particular intervention, and no single ICHI category code covers all open pleural procedures; the block BlockL5-JCA (Interventions on pleura) is the best fitting representation at the appropriate level of generality." }] }, { "code" : "307285000", "display" : "Open reduction maxillary fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAF.LD.AA covers open reduction of the maxillary bone, which directly corresponds to the procedure. ICHI does not distinguish between fracture and dislocation subtypes, making the code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fracture." }] }, { "code" : "15559008", "display" : "Open reduction of acute closed acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of the shoulder joint region, which encompasses the acromioclavicular joint; ICHI has no more specific code for the AC joint alone, and the fascial graft component and the acute/closed characterisation of the dislocation are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "7876001", "display" : "Open reduction of acute closed sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sternoclavicular joint is part of the shoulder girdle, and MDJ.LD.AA (open reduction of shoulder joint) is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no dedicated sternoclavicular joint code, and the fascial graft and acute/closed dislocation qualifiers are not represented." }] }, { "code" : "13537008", "display" : "Open reduction of acute open acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA is the best available ICHI code for open reduction of the acromioclavicular joint, but it is broader as it does not distinguish the AC joint specifically, nor capture the fascial graft or the open-wound nature of the dislocation." }] }, { "code" : "61759004", "display" : "Open reduction of acute open sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for a sternoclavicular open reduction, as ICHI has no sternoclavicular-specific reduction code and does not encode the fascial graft or the open-wound dislocation qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "75775006", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic closed acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of any shoulder joint, which includes the acromioclavicular joint, but does not capture the specificity of the acromioclavicular location, the chronicity of the dislocation, or the use of a fascial graft. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "38819005", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic closed sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sternoclavicular joint is part of the shoulder girdle complex and falls within the shoulder joint block in ICHI; MDJ.LD.AA is the closest available code, but it does not distinguish the sternoclavicular joint from other shoulder joints, nor does it capture chronicity or the fascial graft technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "69014004", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic open acromioclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the closed acromioclavicular variant, MDJ.LD.AA is the best available code for open reduction of the acromioclavicular joint, but it does not reflect the specific joint, the open nature of the original dislocation wound, or the fascial graft augmentation." }] }, { "code" : "90233004", "display" : "Open reduction of chronic open sternoclavicular dislocation with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sternoclavicular joint has no dedicated ICHI procedure block; MDJ.LD.AA (open reduction of shoulder joint) is the closest fit encompassing the shoulder girdle, but loses specificity for the sternoclavicular site, wound chronicity, and fascial graft detail." }] }, { "code" : "38711002", "display" : "Open reduction of closed clavicular fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clavicle is a bone of the shoulder region, so MDB.LD.AA is a direct fit for the surgical approach and anatomical region; however, the ICHI code covers any bone of the shoulder (not the clavicle specifically) and does not differentiate closed from open fractures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "17556002", "display" : "Open reduction of closed depressed frontal sinus fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of skull fracture", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no frontal-sinus-specific or frontal-bone-specific open reduction code; MAA.LD.AA covers skull fracture reduction broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifies the frontal sinus as the fracture site." }] }, { "code" : "43493002", "display" : "Open reduction of closed scapular fracture, juxta-articular", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region and falls within this ICHI code, but the ICHI code covers all bones of the shoulder (including clavicle and humerus) and does not capture the juxta-articular specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "608781003", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of acromioclavicular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the acromioclavicular joint; MDJ covers interventions on the joint of the shoulder region as a whole, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the acromioclavicular joint. The open approach (AA) and reduction action (LD) match exactly." }] }, { "code" : "440529009", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of distal tibiofibular joint with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the distal tibiofibular joint, and the internal fixation component is not captured in the base code (it would require an extension in ICHI); MNJ.LD.AA covers the anatomically adjacent ankle joint region and captures the open reduction, but is broader by omitting the specific joint target and the fixation detail." }] }, { "code" : "49489003", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of joints of the foot or toe as a combined category, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the foot alone; however, this is the closest available ICHI code and captures the essential clinical content (open reduction of a foot joint)." }] }, { "code" : "443417003", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of knee with external fixation and repair of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a composite procedure specifying open reduction of the knee joint plus external fixation plus ligament repair, but ICHI has no single code that combines all three components; MMJ.LD.AA covers only the open reduction component, making it broader relative to the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443660002", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of knee with internal fixation and repair of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.LD.AA correctly identifies the target (knee joint) and the open reduction action, but does not capture the internal fixation component or the concurrent ligament repair; ICHI is therefore broader than this multi-component SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "45885009", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation of wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.LD.AA matches the target site (wrist joint) and the open reduction approach precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish a dislocation-specific open reduction from other open reductions of the wrist joint, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "50099004", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation with external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is site-unspecified, matching ICHI's unspecified-site joint code; however, ICHI does not encode the external fixation component nor restrict the context to dislocation, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "75986001", "display" : "Open reduction of dislocation with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the external fixation variant, the site-unspecified open joint reduction is the best available ICHI match, but the internal fixation and dislocation context are not represented in the ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "608825001", "display" : "Open reduction of epiphyseal fracture of phalanx with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LD.AA correctly captures the target (bone of hand or finger, encompassing phalanx) and the open reduction approach, but the epiphyseal fracture specificity and the internal fixation component are absent from the ICHI code, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "281807006", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture dislocation of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers open reduction of a joint at any anatomical site, which encompasses the fracture-dislocation scenario without requiring it; the SNOMED concept is more specific (fracture-dislocation, unspecified joint), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "443063001", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of carpal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Carpal bones are bones of the hand/wrist, so this ICHI code covers the correct anatomical region, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all bones of the hand and fingers rather than specifically the carpal bones." }] }, { "code" : "36939002", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers all open reductions of the femur, not just fracture reductions, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a fracture reduction. The procedure approach and anatomical target match precisely." }] }, { "code" : "69257001", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of fibula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.LD.AA is wider in two ways: it is not restricted to fracture reductions, and it groups the tibia and fibula together as a combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the fibula alone." }] }, { "code" : "21570007", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any bone in the foot or toe region (not restricted to fractures), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies fracture of the foot. The anatomical scope also extends to toe bones beyond the foot itself." }] }, { "code" : "440573008", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of greater trochanter of femur with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA is the best available match for the open reduction component, but it is considerably broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies the sub-anatomical target (greater trochanter), the pathology (fracture), and a concurrent procedure (internal fixation with a device)." }] }, { "code" : "90065005", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.LD.AA matches the open reduction of the hand region well, but is broader as it is not limited to fractures and also includes finger bones beyond the hand proper, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a fracture reduction of the hand." }] }, { "code" : "608813004", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of iliac spine of pelvis with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the pelvis broadly, but the SNOMED concept specifies the iliac spine sub-site and adds internal fixation, neither of which is captured in the ICHI code. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "608776007", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of nasoethmoid complex with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nasoethmoid complex (nasal and ethmoid bones) has no dedicated ICHI open reduction code; MAB.LD.AA as the residual \"facial bone NEC\" category is the best available match. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the specific nasoethmoid sub-site and the internal fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "608808003", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of pelvic bone with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the pelvis but does not encode the internal fixation component that is explicit in the SNOMED concept. ICHI does not have a combined open-reduction-with-internal-fixation code for the pelvis, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "47833006", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radius is one of the two forearm bones, so MFB.LD.AA (bone of forearm) is broader than the radius-specific SNOMED concept. ICHI does not have a radius-specific open reduction code, making this the best available match within the forearm bone block." }] }, { "code" : "440375002", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of rib", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of rib or sternum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCB.LD.AA covers open reduction of rib or sternum, which is broader than the rib-specific SNOMED concept because it also encompasses the sternum. No separate rib-only open reduction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "699152002", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of scapula without internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The scapula is a bone of the shoulder region, so MDB.LD.AA is the best available match; it is broader because it covers all shoulder bones (including clavicle) and does not distinguish by fixation status. The \"without internal fixation\" qualifier in the SNOMED concept adds specificity that ICHI does not encode at this level." }] }, { "code" : "440555005", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of sesamoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sesamoid bones are small bones embedded in tendons (most commonly at the base of the hallux or thumb) and do not map to a single anatomical region block in ICHI. Since the SNOMED concept does not specify the location of the sesamoid, MRB.LD.AA (unspecified site) is the most defensible match, though it is considerably broader than the sesamoid-specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "65061006", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers both tibia and fibula together, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia alone; all other aspects (open approach, reduction) align exactly." }] }, { "code" : "37142003", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups all forearm bones (radius and ulna) under a single code; the SNOMED concept specifies the ulna only, so the ICHI code is broader in both its bone target and the implicit inclusion of the radius." }] }, { "code" : "118468006", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture with fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no category that captures both open reduction and the presence of fixation as a combined concept across an unspecified bone site; this residual code matches the open reduction component but is wider because it omits the fixation qualifier and covers any bone site." }] }, { "code" : "20701002", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated cross-body-site code that encodes \"open reduction with internal fixation\" as a combined procedure; the best available match captures the open reduction action at an unspecified site but does not encode the internal fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "239295000", "display" : "Open reduction of fracture without fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated category for open reduction explicitly excluding fixation at an unspecified bone site; the residual code matches the open reduction at unspecified site but is wider because it does not encode the \"without fixation\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "442903009", "display" : "Open reduction of intertrochanteric fracture of femur with internal fixation using intramedullary implant, screw, and cerclage wiring", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the femur bone generically, matching the open reduction and the femur target, but it does not capture the specifics of the intertrochanteric location, the intramedullary implant, screw, or cerclage wiring — all of which are collapsed into this single broader code in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "174149007", "display" : "Open reduction of intussusception of colon", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBP.LD.AA is the closest ICHI code for an open abdominal maneuver to reposition the colon, which is the operative mechanism of reducing a colonic intussusception; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify intussusception reduction as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "173991001", "display" : "Open reduction of intussusception of ileum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBK.LD.AA is the best available ICHI code for an open intra-abdominal maneuver to reduce a small intestinal intussusception at the ileum; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify ileum specifically (only \"small intestine, not elsewhere classified\") nor does it name intussusception as the target condition." }] }, { "code" : "38690008", "display" : "Open reduction of open coccygeal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBU.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of coccyx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBU.LD.AA precisely matches the target (coccyx) and the intervention type (open reduction), but it does not capture the \"open fracture\" qualifier (compound/open wound) that specifies the fracture type in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "11608005", "display" : "Open reduction of open shoulder joint dislocation with fracture of greater tuberosity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.LD.AA correctly maps the target (shoulder joint) and the approach (open reduction), but the ICHI code does not capture the concurrent fracture of the greater tuberosity or the open/compound nature of the dislocation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78143004", "display" : "Open reduction of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation with excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The proximal tibiofibular joint has no dedicated ICHI procedure target; the closest available code covers open reduction of the knee joint broadly, which encompasses this anatomical region. ICHI does not capture the additional \"with excision\" component, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "15762008", "display" : "Open reduction of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation with fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the excision variant, there is no dedicated ICHI code for the proximal tibiofibular joint; the knee joint open reduction code is the best available fit. The \"with fixation\" specificity and the joint-level granularity of the SNOMED concept are both lost in this mapping." }] }, { "code" : "47571006", "display" : "Open reduction of separated epiphysis of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a direct open reduction code for the femur, which is the correct bone target and approach. The ICHI code is wider because it covers open reduction of the femur generally, without specifying that the structure being reduced is a separated epiphysis (physeal separation/Salter-Harris fracture)." }] }, { "code" : "79661003", "display" : "Open reduction of separated epiphysis of humerus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a direct open reduction code for the humerus at the correct anatomical level and approach. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the target is a separated epiphysis, encompassing any open reduction procedure on the humerus." }] }, { "code" : "51392005", "display" : "Open reduction of separated epiphysis of radius AND ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radius and ulna are both forearm bones and ICHI groups them together under \"bone of forearm,\" making this the most specific available code. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the epiphyseal nature of the lesion, the dual-bone involvement, or the specific bones (radius and ulna individually)." }] }, { "code" : "6967000", "display" : "Open reduction of separation of epiphysis of fibula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups tibia and fibula into a single target axis code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture types requiring open reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the fibula and the epiphyseal separation subtype." }] }, { "code" : "75282009", "display" : "Open reduction of separation of epiphysis of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the fibula variant, ICHI combines tibia and fibula under one code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture patterns, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the tibia and the epiphyseal injury subtype." }] }, { "code" : "19688005", "display" : "Open reduction of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has level-specific open reduction codes for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx spine, but no single code covering the full spinal column; the residual \"not elsewhere classified\" vertebra code is the closest catch-all, though it is still broader in scope than the SNOMED concept (which implies any spinal level, unspecified)." }] }, { "code" : "23943001", "display" : "Open reduction of sternum fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of rib or sternum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the sternum together with the rib as a combined target, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the sternum; the open reduction action and approach (open) are an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "44886000", "display" : "Open reduction of temporomandibular dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated open reduction code for the joint of head or neck with the TMJ being the most clinically prominent joint in that group, but the target covers all head and neck joints rather than the temporomandibular joint specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174572001", "display" : "Open removal of bile duct stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the bile duct via open approach (means AA), making it a good match for stent removal; however, the ICHI code is broader as it also encompasses foreign body removal and does not specify \"stent\" as the device type." }] }, { "code" : "174582000", "display" : "Open removal of calculus from bile duct and drainage of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JE.AA covers open extraction of calculus from the bile duct, matching the calculus-removal component, but the SNOMED concept also includes a concurrent drainage of the bile duct that the single ICHI code does not capture." }] }, { "code" : "174444005", "display" : "Open removal of calculus from liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated calculus-from-liver code; KCA.JD.AA is the closest available code covering open removal of a foreign body or internal device from the liver, broader because it does not distinguish a calculus from other foreign bodies and includes device removal." }] }, { "code" : "179847009", "display" : "Open removal of loose body from joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies loose bodies under \"foreign body\" within the joint, and MRJ.JD.AA covers an open approach at an unspecified joint site; slightly wider as it also encompasses internal device removal in addition to foreign/loose bodies." }] }, { "code" : "427198005", "display" : "Open removal of ventricular assist device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of biventricular assist device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies \"ventricular assist device\" without laterality, which most naturally aligns with the biventricular code; HBZ.JD.AA is the best single code absent laterality detail." }] }, { "code" : "232626004", "display" : "Open repair of bronchopleural fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.MK.AA", "display" : "Closure of fistula of the thoracic cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bronchopleural fistula repair; JCH.MK.AA is the closest available code as a bronchopleural fistula is a thoracic cavity fistula, but is broader by covering any thoracic cavity fistula." }] }, { "code" : "773286003", "display" : "Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with anterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for incisional hernia repair specifically; PAL.ML.AA is the best match as it captures the reconstructive nature of the procedure including mesh and component separation, though broader without distinguishing hernia type, mesh material, or technique." }] }, { "code" : "773313002", "display" : "Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using biological mesh with posterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for incisional hernia repair; PAL.ML.AA best captures a complex open abdominal wall repair involving component separation and biological mesh placement, but is broader as it does not specify hernia type, mesh material, or component separation technique." }] }, { "code" : "773285004", "display" : "Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with anterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.ML.AA is the best available ICHI code for a complex open abdominal wall reconstruction with component separation and synthetic mesh, but is broader as it omits hernia type, mesh material, and separation direction." }] }, { "code" : "773311000", "display" : "Open repair of incisional hernia of anterior abdominal wall using synthetic mesh with posterior component separation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "All three SNOMED concepts for incisional hernia repair with component separation and mesh map to the single available ICHI code PAL.ML.AA, which does not encode hernia subtype, mesh type, or component separation direction." }] }, { "code" : "173627007", "display" : "Open revision of tubal prosthesis in esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.SN.AC is the closest available ICHI code, covering management (including revision/adjustment) of an internal device in the oesophagus; broader because it does not specify revision, the device as tubal prosthesis, or that the approach is open." }] }, { "code" : "426937008", "display" : "Open thrombectomy of renal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for renal vein thrombectomy; IZE.JE.AA captures the core action (extraction of obstruction from a blood vessel) and is the closest available match, but broader as it does not specify renal vein or open approach." }] }, { "code" : "175845008", "display" : "Open thrombectomy of vein of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from lower limb veins and aligns well anatomically and procedurally, but is slightly wider as \"extraction of obstruction\" encompasses thrombectomy, embolectomy, and other obstruction removals." }] }, { "code" : "175844007", "display" : "Open thrombectomy of vein of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICD.JE.AA covers open extraction of obstruction from upper limb veins with the correct anatomical target, but the ICHI title is broader than thrombectomy alone, encompassing any obstruction extraction from that vessel." }] }, { "code" : "1119427000", "display" : "Open transposition of left subclavian artery to carotid artery with endovascular repair of descending thoracic aorta by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for subclavian transposition or combined procedures at this granularity; IBA.ML.AA is the closest match covering the dominant open reconstructive component, but considerably broader and omits the endovascular thoracic aortic repair." }] }, { "code" : "1119428005", "display" : "Open transposition of right subclavian artery to carotid artery with endovascular repair of descending thoracic aorta by neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The right-sided variant maps to the same ICHI code which captures the open arterial reconstruction of head and neck vessels but is far broader and does not represent the full combined procedure or its laterality." }] }, { "code" : "6779009", "display" : "Open treatment of slipped femoral epiphysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis involves open reduction of the displaced femoral epiphysis; MLB.LD.AA is broader as it covers any open reduction of femur rather than the specific epiphyseal slip condition, and does not capture internal fixation." }] }, { "code" : "282142006", "display" : "Open ventrosuspension of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.LC.AA covers uterine suspension in general, which aligns well semantically; however, the ICHI code does not specify the \"ventro-\" (anterior abdominal wall) approach or the open surgical means, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "709113006", "display" : "Opening of chest and insertion of pleural tube drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JB.AA captures the functional goal of the procedure but does not encode the thoracotomy (opening of the chest) component; SNOMED explicitly describes both a chest opening and tube insertion, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "235498008", "display" : "Operation for pancreatic fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pancreatic fistula closure code; KCO.MK.AA is the nearest structural match as fistula closure is a form of pancreatic repair, but covers all pancreatic repairs." }] }, { "code" : "36681006", "display" : "Operation on adenoids", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Operation on adenoids\" is a broad SNOMED grouper for any procedure on adenoid tissue; BlockL5-DAB covers the full range of such interventions in ICHI. No single assignable ICHI code matches without being more specific." }] }, { "code" : "175448004", "display" : "Operation on aneurysm of axillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no aneurysm-specific code for the axillary artery; surgical repair maps to \"Reconstruction of artery of upper limb,\" which covers the axillary artery as part of the upper limb artery group but encompasses any reconstructive procedure." }] }, { "code" : "175449007", "display" : "Operation on aneurysm of brachial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the brachial and axillary arteries under the single upper limb artery group; ICA.ML.AA is the best available code for aneurysm repair without a vessel-specific or aneurysm-specific ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "24265000", "display" : "Operation on anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBX", "display" : "Interventions on anus and anal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Operation on anus\" is a SNOMED grouper for any anal procedure; BlockL5-KBX directly mirrors this scope as the ICHI block for all interventions on the anus and anal canal." }] }, { "code" : "304810004", "display" : "Operation on articular eminence of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains specific TMJ procedure codes but none specifically targeting the articular eminence sub-structure. The parent block covers all interventions on joints of head/neck including the TMJ." }] }, { "code" : "42560003", "display" : "Operation on biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KCA", "display" : "Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single block precisely matching \"biliary tract\" as a whole — the closest parent that encompasses all biliary tract structures is BlockL4-KCA, which is broader as it also covers hepatic structures." }] }, { "code" : "427700000", "display" : "Operation on blood vessel of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-IEA", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block for liver-specific blood vessels; the broadest relevant vascular block encompassing hepatic vessels in the abdomen is BlockL4-IEA, which is wider than the liver-vessel-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "57168000", "display" : "Operation on bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises bone interventions into numerous site-specific blocks with no single aggregating \"bone\" block. The closest superordinate block is BlockL3-MAA, which is broader still as it also includes joints, muscles, and soft tissue." }] }, { "code" : "26476002", "display" : "Operation on bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBB", "display" : "Interventions on bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Interventions on bronchus\" block directly covers all procedures on the bronchus, matching the broad SNOMED category. The block is slightly wider as it encompasses every bronchus intervention without restriction." }] }, { "code" : "265694008", "display" : "Operation on burnt skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no burn-specific coding; the \"Interventions on skin\" block encompasses all procedures applicable to burnt skin but is broader as it covers all skin conditions, not just burn injuries." }] }, { "code" : "21515009", "display" : "Operation on bursa of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no bursa-specific codes; the closest structural match is the hand musculoskeletal block, substantially wider as it covers bone, joint, ligament, muscle, and tendon of the hand in addition to bursa." }] }, { "code" : "53266006", "display" : "Operation on diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MCX", "display" : "Interventions on diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on diaphragm\" covers the full range of procedures on the diaphragm (biopsy, repair, device insertion, imaging, etc.), matching the broad scope of the SNOMED concept. The block is slightly wider in that it also includes diagnostic interventions." }] }, { "code" : "48114000", "display" : "Operation on esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block encompasses the full range of oesophageal procedures including surgical, endoscopic, and diagnostic interventions, closely matching the broad SNOMED concept. The block is slightly wider because it includes imaging and diagnostic procedures beyond the purely surgical scope implied by \"operation\"." }] }, { "code" : "29971002", "display" : "Operation on external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-CAA", "display" : "Interventions on external ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block covers the full spectrum of procedures on the external ear (incision, biopsy, excision, reconstruction, drainage, dressing, etc.), corresponding well to the broad SNOMED concept. The ICHI block is slightly wider because it includes non-surgical interventions such as dressing and measurement." }] }, { "code" : "17639001", "display" : "Operation on extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BDA", "display" : "Interventions on ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block contains all specific extraocular muscle procedures (biopsy, incision, release, transposition, advancement, shortening, repair) and maps well to the broad SNOMED concept. It is slightly wider because it also includes electrophysiological measurement and potentially covers non-extraocular ocular muscles." }] }, { "code" : "172191005", "display" : "Operation on eyebrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow intervention block or category; the closest covering structure is the skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck block, which anatomically encompasses the eyebrow region but is far broader than the eyebrow specifically. The XA1LZ5 \"Eyebrow\" code exists only as an extension/entity target, not as an assignable intervention category." }] }, { "code" : "71882008", "display" : "Operation on facial joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a block specifically for facial joints; the closest grouping is BlockL5-MAJ, which covers the temporomandibular joint and other head/neck joints but extends beyond facial joints to include cervical spine joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26912002", "display" : "Operation on fascia of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL", "display" : "Ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL is the closest ICHI target-level category for fascia of the hand, and the block BlockL5-MGL groups all specific interventions on this structure. ICHI is wider because MGL also encompasses finger fascia and ligament structures, while the SNOMED concept is limited to fascia of the hand specifically." }] }, { "code" : "12658000", "display" : "Operation on female genital organs", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS", "display" : "Female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMS is the assignable residual category within the \"Interventions on female genital system\" block (BlockL4-NMA), which organises all ICHI interventions across ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva. ICHI is wider because the block encompasses the entire female genital system, while NMS itself serves as the NEC catch-all." }] }, { "code" : "46616009", "display" : "Operation on female perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW", "display" : "Perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAW is the ICHI target-level category for the perineum, grouping all interventions on this structure under BlockL5-PAW. ICHI is wider because PAW is not sex-specific and covers perineum interventions regardless of sex, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the female perineum." }] }, { "code" : "1287739009", "display" : "Operation on femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA", "display" : "Artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA is the ICHI target-level category representing the artery of the lower limb, under block BlockL5-IFA which groups all interventions on lower limb arteries. ICHI has no dedicated femoral artery category, making IFA the best available match; it is wider because it encompasses all lower limb arteries, not just the femoral artery." }] }, { "code" : "31372007", "display" : "Operation on fingernail", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBD", "display" : "Nail of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LBD is the ICHI target-level category for the nail of the finger, and BlockL5-LBD groups all specific interventions on fingernails (biopsy, excision, repair, onychoplasty, etc.). ICHI is wider because LBD includes all specific nail-of-finger procedures under one grouping category." }] }, { "code" : "232504009", "display" : "Operation on frontoethmoidal sinuses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAE", "display" : "Interventions on paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate dedicated blocks for frontal sinus (BlockL5-JAG) and ethmoid sinus (BlockL5-JAH) but no combined frontoethmoidal block; the paranasal sinus NEC block is the closest common parent that encompasses both structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "56959007", "display" : "Operation on globus pallidus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAA", "display" : "Interventions on brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block or category for the globus pallidus as a distinct target; the globus pallidus is a deep brain nucleus, so BlockL5-AAA \"Interventions on brain\" is the best available parent block, but it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept. No more granular ICHI code exists for this structure." }] }, { "code" : "28181007", "display" : "Operation on hip joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MLJ", "display" : "Interventions on hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MLJ covers the full range of interventions on the hip joint and is semantically equivalent in scope to the SNOMED concept, but as an ICHI organisational block it is broader than any single assignable procedure code; no single ICHI category code represents \"operation on hip joint\" generically." }] }, { "code" : "1287736002", "display" : "Operation on iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IEA", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated iliac artery block; the iliac arteries fall within BlockL5-IEA, which encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept that is specific to the iliac artery." }] }, { "code" : "232994005", "display" : "Operation on inferior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIC", "display" : "Interventions on inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-HIC is dedicated exclusively to interventions on the inferior vena cava, directly matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; the equivalence is \"wider\" rather than \"equivalent\" because the ICHI entry is an organisational block (not an assignable category code) spanning all types of IVC procedures." }] }, { "code" : "232474008", "display" : "Operation on internal nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a separate block for the internal nose; BlockL5-JAA covers the nose as a whole, including both external and internal nasal structures (nasal passages, septum, turbinates), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is scoped specifically to the internal nasal anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "34853001", "display" : "Operation on intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Operation on intestine\" is a high-level grouping covering any surgical procedure on the intestine (small or large bowel). The closest ICHI organizational level is the block \"Interventions on gastrointestinal tract\", which is broader still as it encompasses oesophagus, stomach, and other GI structures; no single assignable ICHI category code covers all intestinal operations without being site-specific." }] }, { "code" : "112698002", "display" : "Operation on joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Operation on joint\" is a generic grouper for any surgical procedure on any joint. ICHI's \"Interventions on joint unspecified site\" block is the closest match as it groups all joint interventions at an unspecified body site, but as a block it is not assignable and encompasses many distinct procedure types, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "12044003", "display" : "Operation on lacrimal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BAD", "display" : "Interventions on lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED \"Operation on lacrimal system\" is a grouping for all surgical procedures on the lacrimal system. ICHI's \"Interventions on lacrimal apparatus\" block maps closely in scope and anatomical target, but as a block it covers the full range of interventions (biopsy, excision, occlusion, drainage, etc.) without specifying a single procedure type, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "237483005", "display" : "Operation on lesion of pituitary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EAA.JI.AA matches the target (pituitary gland) and the lesion-directed intent precisely, but the SNOMED concept is wider than a single ICHI code because it covers any operation on a pituitary lesion (excision, drainage, destruction, etc.), whereas ICHI specifies \"local excision\" as the action; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239270001", "display" : "Operation on lesion of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRT.JI.AA matches the target (tendon sheath) and the lesion-directed nature exactly, but the SNOMED concept covers any operation on a lesion of the tendon sheath (not just local excision), so the SNOMED concept is wider than this single ICHI code; the ICHI code is the best available single code and correctly names the tendon sheath as the structure." }] }, { "code" : "237488001", "display" : "Operation on lesion of thyroid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBA", "display" : "Interventions on thyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED 237488001 is a grouper for any operation targeting a thyroid lesion (excision, destruction, drainage, etc.), with no single ICHI category covering that full breadth. The block BlockL5-EBA encompasses all thyroid interventions and is the closest assignable grouping, though it is broader than lesion-specific operations." }] }, { "code" : "4974007", "display" : "Operation on liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCA", "display" : "Interventions on liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the liver, with no single ICHI category code covering the full scope of liver procedures. The block BlockL5-KCA encompasses all liver interventions (biopsy, excision, repair, transplant, etc.) and is the best structural match, though it is broader in ICHI's hierarchy than the SNOMED concept implies." }] }, { "code" : "387714009", "display" : "Operation on lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBF", "display" : "Interventions on lung parenchyma", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED is a grouper for any surgical operation on the lung; no single ICHI category captures this breadth. The block BlockL5-JBF (Interventions on lung parenchyma) is the best structural match, though it is scoped to lung parenchyma specifically and excludes airway or pleural interventions that might fall under the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "11810009", "display" : "Operation on male genital system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on male genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED is a system-level grouper for any operation on the male genital system, spanning prostate, testes, penis, scrotum, and spermatic cord. The ICHI block BlockL4-NGA directly mirrors this scope with the same title and coverage, making it the most semantically aligned match, though it is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "12518007", "display" : "Operation on male perineum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAW", "display" : "Interventions on perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED specifies operations on the male perineum, while ICHI's block BlockL5-PAW covers interventions on the perineum without sex-specific distinction, making it slightly broader. No male-specific perineum block or category code exists in ICHI, so this block is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "14375003", "display" : "Operation on mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAG", "display" : "Interventions on mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for any operation on the mandible, which maps directly to the ICHI block \"Interventions on mandible\". The ICHI block is slightly wider as it encompasses the full range of specific mandibular procedures (osteotomy, biopsy, reconstruction, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "386765006", "display" : "Operation on mediastinum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JCG", "display" : "Interventions on mediastinal space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for any operation on the mediastinum, mapping directly to the ICHI block \"Interventions on mediastinal space\", which contains all specific mediastinal procedures (incision, drainage, excision, repair, etc.). The ICHI block is slightly wider as a structural organisational unit covering the same anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "304811000", "display" : "Operation on meniscus of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block or category for the TMJ meniscus (articular disc); the meniscus block (BlockL5-MMD) covers only the knee. The best available match is the \"Interventions on joint of head or neck\" block, which includes TMJ procedures, but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the intra-articular disc/meniscus of the TMJ." }] }, { "code" : "87382000", "display" : "Operation on mesentery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated mesentery target or intervention block; the mesentery is an intraperitoneal fold and its closest classification home is the \"Interventions on peritoneum\" block, which includes procedures on peritoneal tissue broadly. This block is wider than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses all peritoneal interventions, not just those on the mesentery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "72503009", "display" : "Operation on muscle of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MGM", "display" : "Interventions on muscle of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on muscle of hand\" maps precisely to the anatomical target and covers the full range of operations, matching the generic SNOMED category. Block-level assignment is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular type of operation, and the block is inherently broader than any single procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "88733004", "display" : "Operation on nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on nose\" directly matches the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept, which is a generic unspecified operation on the nose. Block-level assignment is appropriate since the SNOMED term names no specific procedure type, and the block is broader than any individual assignable nose intervention code." }] }, { "code" : "10444003", "display" : "Operation on omentum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated omentum block; omentum-specific procedures (omentopexy, omental tissue procurement, reduction of torsion of omentum) are housed within the peritoneum block KMA, making it the closest available grouping. The block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses peritoneum and peritoneal cavity interventions beyond the omentum." }] }, { "code" : "384685001", "display" : "Operation on oral cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual \"not elsewhere classified\" catch-all code for the oral cavity with unspecified action and means, making it the best assignable category for the generic SNOMED concept. It is wider than any specific oral cavity procedure, but it appropriately represents an unspecified operation on the oral cavity as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "235476004", "display" : "Operation on pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCO", "display" : "Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block explicitly names the pancreatic duct alongside the pancreas, making it the best available match for this SNOMED concept. The block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses operations on the pancreas itself in addition to the pancreatic duct." }] }, { "code" : "1411001", "display" : "Operation on papillary muscle of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for operations on the papillary muscle specifically; the papillary muscle is anatomically part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, and HDF.MK.AA is the closest structural match covering that anatomical territory. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire subvalvar apparatus and is framed around repair, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the papillary muscle regardless of valve side or procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "64103003", "display" : "Operation on parotid duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated parotid-duct-specific procedure codes; the salivary gland block (BlockL5-KAM) groups parotid duct procedures under broader \"salivary gland or duct\" codes. KAM.MK.AA is selected as a representative code covering operations on salivary ducts (including the parotid/Stensen duct), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept both anatomically and procedurally." }] }, { "code" : "58456002", "display" : "Operation on parotid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAL", "display" : "Interventions on parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any operation on the parotid gland without specifying the procedure type, which aligns best with the ICHI block rather than any single leaf-level category code. BlockL5-KAL groups all parotid gland interventions and is broader in the same way the SNOMED concept is — it is the appropriate assignment when no specific procedure is indicated." }] }, { "code" : "236249006", "display" : "Operation on pelvic lymph node draining prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's pelvic lymph node codes (BlockL5-DFF) do not distinguish nodes by the organ they drain; DFF.JK.AA covers total excision of abdominal or pelvic lymph nodes generally, which is the most commonly performed operation in this context (pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate staging/treatment). The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the prostate-draining node group, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses operations other than excision." }] }, { "code" : "30150005", "display" : "Operation on perirectal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBW", "display" : "Interventions on rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated block or code specifically for perirectal tissue alone; the closest structural grouping is \"Interventions on rectum\" (BlockL5-KBW), which contains KBW.JB.AA \"Drainage of rectum and perirectal area\" — the only ICHI code that explicitly names perirectal tissue. The SNOMED concept is a broad operative category on perirectal tissue, and the ICHI block covering the rectum and its surrounding tissue is wider than this specific anatomical focus." }] }, { "code" : "23136006", "display" : "Operation on pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single block covering the pharynx as a whole; the closest grouping is \"Interventions on mouth or pharynx\" (BlockL4-KAA), which is broader as it also encompasses the mouth, though it contains the pharynx-specific sub-blocks (nasopharynx JAM and oropharynx KAR). Assigning the block is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a generic operative category rather than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "171961002", "display" : "Operation on pituitary stalk", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EAA", "display" : "Interventions on pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code or block specific to the pituitary stalk (infundibulum); searches for \"pituitary stalk,\" \"hypophyseal,\" and \"infundibulum\" return no results. The closest available grouping is \"Interventions on pituitary gland\" (BlockL5-EAA), which is anatomically adjacent and the most clinically reasonable proxy, though it is broader and targets the gland rather than the stalk." }] }, { "code" : "741007", "display" : "Operation on prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers any operation on the prostate as a broad category; the ICHI block BlockL5-NGA groups all interventions on the prostate and seminal vesicle and is the best available match, though it also includes the seminal vesicle and is a non-assignable block rather than a specific procedure code." }] }, { "code" : "38330000", "display" : "Operation on pterygium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BBA", "display" : "Interventions on conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pterygium is a conjunctival lesion and ICHI has no specific pterygium code; the best structural match is the conjunctiva interventions block BlockL5-BBA, which is broader since it covers all conjunctival interventions and is not assignable as a leaf code." }] }, { "code" : "74971002", "display" : "Operation on rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBW", "display" : "Interventions on rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any rectal operation; BlockL5-KBW is the corresponding ICHI organisational block for all rectal interventions, which is wider because it groups many distinct procedure types rather than representing a single procedure." }] }, { "code" : "14750004", "display" : "Operation on seminal vesicle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a block or category dedicated solely to the seminal vesicle; the closest organisational node is BlockL5-NGA which groups interventions on both the prostate and seminal vesicle together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the seminal vesicle. No individual category code exists that isolates seminal vesicle interventions without also encompassing the prostate." }] }, { "code" : "39316003", "display" : "Operation on sigmoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBU", "display" : "Interventions on sigmoid colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KBU groups all interventions on the sigmoid colon under one organisational block, which aligns well with the unspecified \"operation on sigmoid\" SNOMED concept; the ICHI block is broader because it encompasses every type of intervention while the SNOMED concept is already an unspecified parent grouper, making the block-level mapping the most appropriate choice." }] }, { "code" : "30548009", "display" : "Operation on skin of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAG", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-LAG covers all types of interventions on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept well; the ICHI block is slightly broader in that it also includes subcutaneous cell tissue and encompasses all intervention types, while SNOMED specifies only skin and is an unspecified grouper, making the block-level assignment the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "13350008", "display" : "Operation on skin of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAE", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-LAE groups all interventions on the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, which is the closest structural match to this unspecified SNOMED grouper concept; as with the lower extremity, the ICHI block is slightly broader by including subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, but it is the best available ICHI representation for this anatomical region." }] }, { "code" : "172892001", "display" : "Operation on sphenoid sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAI", "display" : "Interventions of sphenoid sinus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-JAI is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the sphenoid sinus, directly matching the anatomical target and procedural scope of the SNOMED concept. A block code is used because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing multiple procedure types, none of which alone is equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "16453004", "display" : "Operation on stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBF", "display" : "Interventions on stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KBF is the dedicated ICHI block grouping all interventions on the stomach, matching the anatomical target exactly; a block code is appropriate because the SNOMED concept is a broad procedural category rather than a specific operation." }] }, { "code" : "171553000", "display" : "Operation on subarachnoid space of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAC", "display" : "Interventions on cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the cerebral meninges, so BlockL5-AAC is the closest anatomical match in ICHI; it is wider because the block covers all cerebral meningeal interventions and the subarachnoid space is only one sub-compartment of that anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "1287904000", "display" : "Operation on subclavian artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IDA", "display" : "Interventions on artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated subclavian artery block; the subclavian artery originates in the thorax before passing into the upper limb, making \"Interventions on artery of thorax\" (IDA) the most anatomically appropriate parent block, though it is broader than the specific subclavian artery target." }] }, { "code" : "232986003", "display" : "Operation on superior vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIB", "display" : "Interventions on superior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-HIB is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the superior vena cava, matching the anatomical target precisely; a block code is used because the SNOMED concept is a broad category that spans the full range of procedures in that block." }] }, { "code" : "51009002", "display" : "Operation on sympathetic ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated sympathetic ganglion target; the closest assignable code is the residual category for unspecified interventions on the sympathetic nervous system, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on ganglia specifically. The block BlockL4-ADB covers the same system but is not an assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "112945003", "display" : "Operation on sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic parent covering any operation on any sympathetic nerve, which maps best to the unspecified residual category for the sympathetic nervous system; the block BlockL4-ADB is a closer organisational fit but is not assignable, and region-specific codes are narrower than this parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "83398006", "display" : "Operation on tendon of extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BDA", "display" : "Interventions on ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically targets the tendon of the extraocular muscle, while ICHI's block BlockL4-BDA covers interventions on ocular muscles (and tendons) broadly, without a code dedicated solely to the tendon component. The block is wider as it encompasses all ocular muscle/tendon interventions without tendon specificity." }] }, { "code" : "287208004", "display" : "Operation on thalamus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAA", "display" : "Interventions on brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated thalamus block or category; the thalamus is a subcortical brain structure and all ICHI codes for brain interventions are grouped under the \"Interventions on brain\" block (AAA). This block is wider than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to the thalamus." }] }, { "code" : "232976004", "display" : "Operation on the great veins and coronary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups great vessels (including superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins) under BlockL4-HIA \"Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels,\" but this block also includes coronary arteries and does not isolate the coronary sinus as a distinct target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to great veins and coronary sinus." }] }, { "code" : "233207009", "display" : "Operation on the pulmonary trunk and arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HID", "display" : "Interventions on pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-HID covers interventions on the pulmonary artery, which encompasses the pulmonary arterial tree but does not explicitly distinguish the pulmonary trunk as a separate target. The SNOMED concept specifies both trunk and arteries; ICHI collapses these under a single \"pulmonary artery\" block, making the ICHI entry slightly wider in scope relative to the specific trunk reference in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "175840003", "display" : "Operation on the pulmonary venous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIE", "display" : "Interventions on pulmonary vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-HIE covers the full range of interventions on the pulmonary vein and is the closest structural grouping in ICHI for the pulmonary venous system. The SNOMED concept is a broad category encompassing any operation on the pulmonary venous system, and the ICHI block is likewise a grouping rather than a single procedure, making it a wider match since no single assignable category code covers all such operations." }] }, { "code" : "233222004", "display" : "Operation on the sinuses of Valsalva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIL", "display" : "Interventions on aortic root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sinuses of Valsalva (aortic sinuses) are anatomical dilatations at the base of the aortic root between the aortic valve cusps and the aortic wall; ICHI has no dedicated code for the sinuses of Valsalva specifically, but BlockL5-HIL \"Interventions on aortic root\" is the most anatomically precise grouping available, covering the same structural region. The ICHI block is broader as it encompasses the entire aortic root rather than the sinuses alone." }] }, { "code" : "74966009", "display" : "Operation on tracheobronchial tree", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JBA", "display" : "Interventions on lower respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block or code for the tracheobronchial tree as a combined entity; it separately classifies interventions on the trachea (BlockL5-JBA) and bronchus (BlockL5-JBB) under the parent BlockL4 \"Interventions on lower respiratory tract,\" which also includes lung parenchyma and is therefore broader than the tracheobronchial tree alone. This parent block is the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "45251002", "display" : "Operation on umbilicus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAO", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal wall, umbilical", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category code for an unspecified \"operation on umbilicus\"; the block BlockL5-PAO groups all umbilical interventions (biopsy, hernia repair, local excision) and is the best structural match, but it is broader than any specific procedure and is a non-assignable block rather than a category code." }] }, { "code" : "387749002", "display" : "Operation on ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAE", "display" : "Interventions on ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is an unspecified umbrella for any operation on the ureter, which maps best to the ICHI block BlockL5-NAE \"Interventions on ureter\" that groups all ureteral procedures; because the block is non-assignable and broader than any single procedure, the equivalence is wider." }] }, { "code" : "699794005", "display" : "Operation on urethra and periurethral tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAM", "display" : "Interventions on urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block BlockL5-NAM covers all urethral interventions but does not explicitly include periurethral tissue as a distinct target; the SNOMED concept is slightly narrower in scope than the block (it specifies both urethra and periurethral tissue), making the block code a wider but best-available match." }] }, { "code" : "14861000", "display" : "Operation on urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAI", "display" : "Interventions on urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all operations on the urinary bladder, which corresponds directly to the ICHI block \"Interventions on urinary bladder.\" The ICHI block is broader because it is an organisational grouping covering all specific procedure codes (cystoscopy, cystectomy, repair, reconstruction, etc.) under it rather than being itself an assignable category." }] }, { "code" : "79876008", "display" : "Operation on uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NME", "display" : "Interventions on uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all operations on the uterus, directly matching the ICHI organisational block \"Interventions on uterus,\" which encompasses all specific assignable procedure codes (hysterotomy, hysterectomy, repair, reconstruction, etc.); the block is broader than any single assignable code but is the appropriate match for this superordinate SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "27755001", "display" : "Operation on vessels of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-HIA is the closest ICHI structural match, covering coronary arteries and great vessels associated with the heart, but it is an organisational block (not an assignable category) and is still broader than the SNOMED term since it encompasses a full range of specific procedures; no single assignable ICHI category captures the generic concept without specifying an action." }] }, { "code" : "177980007", "display" : "Operations on posterior peritoneum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a block for peritoneum interventions (KMA) under the digestive system, but it covers the peritoneum broadly without distinguishing the posterior (retroperitoneal) surface. The SNOMED concept is more specific (posterior/retroperitoneal), making the ICHI block wider." }] }, { "code" : "52092002", "display" : "Operative procedure on ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MNB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups ankle structures (ankle joint, ankle cartilage, ligaments, tendons) under the \"lower leg\" parent block (BlockL4-MNB), which is broader than the SNOMED concept of ankle specifically; no single ICHI block or code corresponds to \"operative procedure on ankle\" as an encompassing category." }] }, { "code" : "90269007", "display" : "Operative procedure on artery of head and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IBA", "display" : "Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-IBA covers operative interventions on the extracranial arteries of the head and neck, which closely matches the SNOMED concept; it is the closest available match since the SNOMED concept spans all arteries of head and neck while this ICHI block is scoped to extracranial only." }] }, { "code" : "373196008", "display" : "Operative procedure on bone of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises lower extremity bones by specific region (thigh/MLB, lower leg/MNB, foot/MOB, knee/MMC, pelvic region/MKB) with no single block spanning all bones of the lower extremity; the nearest common ancestor is the musculoskeletal system chapter block." }] }, { "code" : "371009003", "display" : "Operative procedure on bone of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises upper extremity bones by specific region (upper arm/MEB, forearm/MFB, hand/MGB, shoulder/MDB) with no single block spanning all bones of the upper extremity; the nearest common ancestor is the musculoskeletal system chapter block." }] }, { "code" : "31413008", "display" : "Operative procedure on coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-HIA groups all ICHI interventions on coronary arteries (bypass, endarterectomy, repair, reconstruction, thrombolysis, etc.), making it a direct structural equivalent to this SNOMED parent concept; the ICHI block is wider because it encompasses every possible coronary artery procedure." }] }, { "code" : "9469005", "display" : "Operative procedure on cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAN", "display" : "Interventions on cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-AAN is the ICHI block that collects all interventions on cranial nerves (biopsy, incision, division, destruction, graft, stimulation, etc.), directly corresponding to this generic SNOMED parent; the ICHI block is wider as it subsumes every cranial nerve procedure type." }] }, { "code" : "61661004", "display" : "Operative procedure on foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MOB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-MOB is the highest-level ICHI block grouping all musculoskeletal interventions on the foot or toe (bone, joint, ligament, muscle, tendon sub-blocks), making it the best structural counterpart to this generic SNOMED parent concept; it is slightly wider because it includes the toe and all tissue types." }] }, { "code" : "8363004", "display" : "Operative procedure on forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PMC", "display" : "Interventions on forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-PMC covers all interventions on the forearm as a topographical region, which aligns well with the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the forearm. The ICHI block is wider because it encompasses the full range of intervention types (not just surgical/operative)." }] }, { "code" : "112746006", "display" : "Operative procedure on hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PMD", "display" : "Interventions on hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-PMD covers all interventions on the hand as a topographical region, matching the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the hand. The ICHI block is wider as it includes non-surgical interventions (e.g., rehabilitation, assistive devices)." }] }, { "code" : "128397006", "display" : "Operative procedure on intracranial vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IAD", "display" : "Interventions on intracranial vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-IAD is the only ICHI grouping for intracranial vein interventions; its sole sub-block contains only imaging codes (CT and MR venography), so ICHI lacks assignable operative/surgical categories for this target, making the block the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "545001", "display" : "Operative procedure on lower leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PNC", "display" : "Interventions on lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-PNC covers all interventions on the lower leg as a topographical region, directly paralleling the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the lower leg. The ICHI block is wider because it includes non-operative interventions such as assistive product application and acupressure." }] }, { "code" : "428402007", "display" : "Operative procedure on lumbosacral spinal structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MBO", "display" : "Interventions on lumbosacral vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MBO groups all interventions on the lumbosacral vertebral column, the closest structural match in ICHI; the SNOMED concept refers to \"lumbosacral spinal structure\" broadly (encompassing discs, joints, neural elements), while the ICHI block is scoped to the vertebral column only, making the ICHI block a wider grouper for this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "386610001", "display" : "Operative procedure on vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZD", "display" : "Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single assignable ICHI category covers all operative procedures on veins regardless of anatomical location; the block \"Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified\" is the broadest vein-specific grouping that is not tied to a particular anatomical region." }] }, { "code" : "44426009", "display" : "Ophthalmic service or procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Ophthalmic service or procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouping encompassing any intervention related to the eye, making the chapter-level block \"Interventions on the visual system\" the most appropriate ICHI anchor; this block is wider because it also covers non-ophthalmic visual system structures." }] }, { "code" : "76115003", "display" : "Ophthalmologic education", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BTB.PM.ZZ covers education specifically about seeing functions, which is the core domain of ophthalmologic patient education, but ICHI's scope is limited to the seeing function itself rather than the full breadth of ophthalmologic conditions and eye health." }] }, { "code" : "252801000", "display" : "Ophthalmological test", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BTB.AC.ZZ represents testing of seeing functions, which aligns closely with ophthalmological testing but is scoped to the functional assessment of vision rather than the full range of structural and diagnostic tests performed in ophthalmology (e.g., fundoscopy, tonometry, slit-lamp examination)." }] }, { "code" : "74186009", "display" : "Opponensplasty by tendon transfer with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGT.LJ.AA covers tendon transfer or transplantation of the hand or finger, which encompasses the opponensplasty procedure (restoring thumb opposition via tendon transfer); however, the ICHI code does not capture the specific functional goal of opposition restoration nor the use of a graft, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "117645008", "display" : "Oral hypoglycemic identification", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for identifying or reviewing a specific class of medication (oral hypoglycemics); the closest available code is UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications), which covers medication assessment broadly and is therefore wider than the SNOMED concept's specific focus on identifying oral hypoglycemic agents." }] }, { "code" : "311706001", "display" : "Oral motor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Oral motor therapy targets the neuromuscular function of the oral-facial complex (lips, tongue, jaw, cheeks) to improve feeding, swallowing, and articulation — a broader scope than ICHI's closest match, which covers only swallowing-directed exercise." }] }, { "code" : "448556005", "display" : "Oral nutritional support", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for orally delivered nutritional supplementation; the available nutrition administration codes distinguish intracavity and intravenous routes but lack an oral route variant, so the NEC residual code is the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "89003005", "display" : "Oral temperature taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETG.AB.ZZ covers measurement of body temperature by any method and site, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the oral (sublingual) route specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "312097006", "display" : "Oral vestibuloplasty using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.LK.AC", "display" : "Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vestibuloplasty is the surgical deepening/extension of the oral vestibular sulcus, which matches the action described in KAZ.LK.AC precisely; however, the ICHI code does not capture the graft component that is explicitly part of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "45097009", "display" : "Orbicularis oculi reflex test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of motor reflexes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The orbicularis oculi reflex (blink reflex) is a specific motor reflex test, while MVB.AC.ZZ encompasses testing of motor reflexes in general — making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35710000", "display" : "Orbital fasciotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orbital fasciotomy is a specific technique of incising the orbital fascia to relieve compartment pressure; decompression of orbit is the closest functional equivalent in ICHI but is broader as it encompasses all orbital decompression approaches." }] }, { "code" : "303453000", "display" : "Orbital osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the orbital bone; the orbital bone is a facial bone, making MAB.FA.AA the best structural match, but it is broader as it encompasses all unspecified facial bones." }] }, { "code" : "398328001", "display" : "Orbitectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.JK.AC", "display" : "Exenteration of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orbitectomy (surgical removal of the orbit including its bony walls) is closest to exenteration of the orbit in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it does not explicitly capture the bony resection component that distinguishes orbitectomy from standard exenteration." }] }, { "code" : "70656009", "display" : "Orbitotomy with bone flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Orbitotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FA.AA directly names orbitotomy but does not specify the bone-flap approach that distinguishes this SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is broader because it captures all orbitotomies regardless of surgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "46790005", "display" : "Orbitotomy with bone flap by lateral approach, Kroenlein, with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Orbitotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FA.AA covers the core orbitotomy procedure but does not encode the highly specific details (lateral Kroenlein approach, bone flap, drainage), making the ICHI code substantially broader than this precisely defined surgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "31754004", "display" : "Orbitotomy with insertion of implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Orbitotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FA.AA captures the orbitotomy component but ICHI does not have a combined code for orbitotomy with implant insertion; the implant insertion aspect is uncaptured, so the single ICHI code covers only part of this compound procedure." }] }, { "code" : "25041004", "display" : "Orchiopexy with hernia repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGL.LC.AA captures the orchiopexy component precisely, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies concurrent hernia repair, which is represented separately in ICHI; no single code encodes both procedures together." }] }, { "code" : "117357009", "display" : "Organism count, microscopic method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG69Q0 covers microscopy as a general laboratory method, which aligns with the microscopic technique aspect of this concept, but it is broader — it does not specify organism counting and applies to microscopy in general." }] }, { "code" : "385986009", "display" : "Organizing medicines for self-administration", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.RB.ZZ is a broader concept covering assistance with medications in general, including organising them for the patient's own use; no ICHI code specifically captures preparation or organisation of medicines for self-administration." }] }, { "code" : "89291005", "display" : "Orthodontic dental consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.AE.AC covers dental examination broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically an orthodontic consultation with a report component; ICHI has no orthodontic-specific consultation code." }] }, { "code" : "423204009", "display" : "Orthopedic assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly and is the closest ICHI code; however, it is broader because orthopedic practice also encompasses bone/joint/connective tissue pathology assessment beyond generic musculoskeletal function." }] }, { "code" : "252847008", "display" : "Orthoptic test", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of structures adjoining the eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthoptic testing assesses binocular vision, ocular alignment, and motility — all functions of structures adjoining the eye — making BTF.AC.ZZ the closest ICHI code, broader as it covers all tests of adjoining-eye structures." }] }, { "code" : "243210000", "display" : "Orthoptic treatment - uniocular penalization", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Uniocular penalization (deliberately blurring or occluding the better eye to stimulate the amblyopic eye) is a therapeutic intervention rehabilitating monocular visual function; BTB.PH.ZZ captures the rehabilitative intent most closely but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "285785004", "display" : "Orthoptic treatment penalization with lenses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Penalization with lenses (using optical lenses to degrade vision in the dominant eye to encourage use of the amblyopic eye) maps to BTB.PH.ZZ; the ICHI code is broader, covering all training of seeing functions rather than lens-based penalization specifically." }] }, { "code" : "29056004", "display" : "Osmolality measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osmolality measurement is the primary laboratory method for assessing body fluid tonicity and water/electrolyte balance; the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering the entire domain rather than osmolality specifically." }] }, { "code" : "78888000", "display" : "Osmolality measurement, urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urine osmolality is a chemical analysis performed on a urine specimen, making XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) the most specific available match; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all urine chemistry tests, not osmolality alone." }] }, { "code" : "1494008", "display" : "Osmolarity measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osmolarity measurement quantifies solute concentration in body fluids and is a direct indicator of water and electrolyte balance; no ICHI code exists specifically for osmolarity, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "113039000", "display" : "Osmotic fragility", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osmotic fragility is a test of red blood cell resistance to lysis in hypotonic solutions, a functional assessment of the haematological system; ICHI has no specific code for osmotic fragility, so DTA.AC.ZZ is the best match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "117246001", "display" : "Osmotic fragility test, RBC dilution method", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a methodologically specific variant of the osmotic fragility test (using the RBC dilution technique); ICHI does not capture the level of methodological detail (dilution method), so DTA.AC.ZZ is wider." }] }, { "code" : "27107005", "display" : "Osmotic fragility, immediate", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"immediate\" qualifier distinguishes this from the incubated variant by timing of specimen analysis, a granularity ICHI does not represent; DTA.AC.ZZ is the best available match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "47043008", "display" : "Osmotic fragility, incubated", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The \"incubated\" variant involves pre-incubating red blood cells before the osmotic lysis challenge, a procedural detail not captured in ICHI; DTA.AC.ZZ subsumes this concept at a coarser level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "73934007", "display" : "Ossiculectomy with stapes mobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.JJ.AC", "display" : "Stapedectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes excision of an ossicle combined with stapes mobilization; ICHI has no combined code, and CBF.JJ.AC captures the excision of the stapes ossicle but omits the mobilization/release component, making it the closest assignable match." }] }, { "code" : "172684008", "display" : "Ossiculoplasty using artificial prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ossiculoplasty is reconstruction of the ossicular chain, directly matching CBF.ML.AC; however, ICHI does not distinguish the means of reconstruction (artificial prosthesis vs biological graft), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "172685009", "display" : "Ossiculoplasty using biological graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.ML.AC", "display" : "Ossicular chain reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ossiculoplasty using a biological graft is semantically equivalent to ossicular chain reconstruction, but ICHI does not capture the specific means (biological graft vs prosthesis), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "416278003", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation, direct method", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures joint manipulation applied externally but does not distinguish direct-force technique from other osteopathic manipulation methods; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all external joint manipulation regardless of specific osteopathic technique." }] }, { "code" : "416723008", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation, exaggeration method", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The exaggeration method is a specific indirect osteopathic technique moving the joint toward ease/barrier; ICHI has no code for this technique variant and subsumes all external joint manipulation under one category." }] }, { "code" : "65361000", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation, indirect forces", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Indirect-force osteopathic techniques (functional, counterstrain) move tissues away from the restrictive barrier; ICHI does not differentiate indirect from direct manipulation approaches." }] }, { "code" : "19859006", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation, low-velocity, high-amplitude forces, springing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Low-velocity high-amplitude (springing) is a specific osteopathic technique; ICHI encodes no velocity or amplitude parameters within the manipulation action code, so this technique is subsumed under the generic external joint manipulation category." }] }, { "code" : "416244009", "display" : "Osteopathic manipulation, passive method", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the passive method technique of osteopathic manipulation; MRJ.PA.AH captures the manipulation action but is broader, not specifying the osteopathic technique or the passive-method approach." }] }, { "code" : "4987001", "display" : "Osteoplasty of cranium with flap of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.ML.AA covers cranial osteoplasty in general, encompassing the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the bone flap technique, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "34521003", "display" : "Osteoplasty of radius, lengthening with autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures on bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the radius under the forearm bone block; MFB.LK.AA covers any forearm bone (radius or ulna), not the radius specifically, and the autograft technique is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "41280000", "display" : "Osteoplasty of radius, shortening", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedures on bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.LL.AA captures limb shortening of the forearm bone but covers both radius and ulna rather than the radius specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243390001", "display" : "Osteoplasty of vertebrae", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.ML.AA is a residual NEC code for open reconstruction of a vertebra and is the closest ICHI equivalent to vertebral osteoplasty, but \"reconstruction\" is broader than the precise surgical shaping implied by osteoplasty." }] }, { "code" : "391024003", "display" : "Osteoporosis dietary education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food in general, encompassing dietary education relevant to osteoporosis, but is broader because it is not specific to osteoporosis or to bone-relevant dietary components." }] }, { "code" : "150062003", "display" : "Osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Osteotomy\" is a generic procedure without a specified site; MRB.FA.AA is the unspecified-site counterpart in ICHI's residual block." }] }, { "code" : "443178006", "display" : "Osteotomy for shortening of phalanx of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedure of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOB.LL.AA captures the shortening intent applied to bone of foot or toe but is broader as it covers all foot and toe bones rather than being specific to the phalanx, and encompasses techniques beyond osteotomy alone." }] }, { "code" : "178483004", "display" : "Osteotomy of alveolar segment of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.FA.AA is the osteotomy code for the mandible as a whole; ICHI does not have a sub-code specific to the alveolar segment, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "178479004", "display" : "Osteotomy of alveolar segment of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAF.FA.AA is the osteotomy code for the maxilla as a whole; ICHI does not distinguish a sub-code for the alveolar segment of the maxilla." }] }, { "code" : "65585009", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur, supracondylar with fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (femur) and action (osteotomy) correctly but does not distinguish the supracondylar location or accompanying fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "55502007", "display" : "Osteotomy of iliac bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the iliac bone; MKB.FA.AA covers the pelvis as a whole (ilium, ischium, pubis), so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "85321006", "display" : "Osteotomy of innominate bone with femoral osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for the innominate bone specifically nor for the combined pelvic-plus-femoral osteotomy procedure; MKB.FA.AA covers pelvic osteotomy broadly but omits the simultaneous femoral osteotomy component." }] }, { "code" : "439876002", "display" : "Osteotomy of lumbar spine by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the lumbar spine target and osteotomy action precisely, but the means axis (AA = open) does not distinguish posterior from anterior or lateral approaches." }] }, { "code" : "239309002", "display" : "Osteotomy of proximal femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single code for osteotomy of the whole femur and does not subdivide by segment (proximal, shaft, distal), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "5184004", "display" : "Osteotomy of shaft of femur with fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the femoral shaft with fixation; MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the shaft sub-segment or fixation component." }] }, { "code" : "439901007", "display" : "Osteotomy of thoracic spine by posterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.FA.AA precisely matches the thoracic spine location and osteotomy procedure, but the means axis (AA = open) does not capture the posterior approach specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410090002", "display" : "Ostomy care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of any stoma (NEC) and aligns with ostomy care assessment but is slightly broader as \"stoma\" encompasses all stoma types, not just ostomies." }] }, { "code" : "410092005", "display" : "Ostomy care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.SN.AC captures management of a stoma not classified elsewhere, aligning with ostomy care management but covering any stoma type rather than being specific to bowel/urinary ostomies." }] }, { "code" : "410094006", "display" : "Ostomy irrigation education", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Stoma education, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PTD.PM.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code for educating patients about stoma care; it covers stoma education broadly but does not capture the specific irrigation focus of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "170898009", "display" : "Ostomy monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"monitoring\" code for stoma; PTD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of stoma, NEC) is broader because assessment encompasses more than ongoing monitoring." }] }, { "code" : "120059003", "display" : "Ovary closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Ovary closure\" (suturing the ovary, e.g. after cystectomy) falls within the broader category of ovary repair; ICHI has no dedicated \"closure of ovary\" code, so NMA.MK.AA is the closest parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "174347002", "display" : "Overlap repair of anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for overlap sphincteroplasty; KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus generally and is the closest available code but does not specify the overlap technique or sphincter muscle target." }] }, { "code" : "1260205001", "display" : "Oversewing of exposed vaginal mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Oversewing exposed vaginal mesh is a specific complication-management procedure performed transvaginally; ICHI has no dedicated mesh-complication code, so NMH.MK.AC is the closest match by approach and target organ." }] }, { "code" : "360374006", "display" : "Oversewing of peptic ulcer crater", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Oversewing of a peptic ulcer crater is a surgical repair of the gastric or duodenal wall; KBF.MK.AA covers open repair of the stomach broadly without specifying ulcer type or technique, and no more specific ICHI code for ulcer oversewing exists." }] }, { "code" : "1255167003", "display" : "Ovo vegetarian diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ovo vegetarian diet is a specific dietary prescription (plant-based plus eggs); UAB.TI.ZZ covers prescription of food in general without capturing the specific dietary pattern, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252937006", "display" : "Ovulation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ovulation assessment evaluates ovulatory function (LH testing, ultrasound follicle tracking, etc.) and falls within fertility function assessment; NUD.AA.ZZ encompasses all fertility function assessments rather than ovulation specifically, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "35579006", "display" : "Oxford operation for urinary incontinence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Oxford operation is a specific transvaginal bladder neck buttressing procedure for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC covers all transvaginal suspension procedures on the bladder neck, which is the correct structural approach but broader than this named eponymous technique." }] }, { "code" : "264598005", "display" : "Oximetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Oximetry (measurement of blood oxygen saturation) is a functional measurement of respiratory adequacy; JTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of respiration function broadly without specifying oximetry, and no more specific ICHI code for oxygen saturation measurement exists." }] }, { "code" : "410204009", "display" : "Oxygen therapy management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DD.AC", "display" : "Oxygen therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes management/oversight of ongoing oxygen therapy, while PZA.DD.AC covers the therapy itself without distinguishing a management sub-activity, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "174440001", "display" : "Packing of liver laceration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for haemostatic packing of a liver laceration; KCA.MK.AA \"Repair of liver\" is the closest available code as it encompasses surgical interventions that restore liver integrity after trauma, but it is broader and does not specify packing or the laceration context." }] }, { "code" : "242906003", "display" : "Packing of nose for anterior epistaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.LA.AC covers control of epistaxis in general, and nasal packing for anterior epistaxis is the primary method of achieving this; however, the ICHI code does not specify the anterior location or the packing technique." }] }, { "code" : "299690000", "display" : "Packing of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.LA.ZZ", "display" : "Haemostasis of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Prostatic packing is a haemostatic manoeuvre on the prostate; NGA.LA.ZZ covers haemostasis of prostate generally without specifying the packing technique, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "239401003", "display" : "Packing of wound of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for wound packing specifically of the mandible region; LZZ.DK.AH is the closest available NEC skin/soft tissue dressing code, broader as it covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue site rather than the mandibular wound." }] }, { "code" : "239381001", "display" : "Packing of wound of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with mandible wound packing, ICHI has no maxilla-specific wound packing code; the maxilla block contains only osseous interventions, so the NEC skin/subcutaneous dressing code is the best available broader match." }] }, { "code" : "232488007", "display" : "Packing procedures to nose and nasopharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.LA.AC", "display" : "Control of epistaxis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"nasal packing\" insertion code; JAA.LA.AC (control of epistaxis) is the primary clinical indication for nasal packing, but is broader since the SNOMED concept also covers packing for non-bleeding indications and nasopharynx, which has no packing code." }] }, { "code" : "410240006", "display" : "Pain control management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AXA", "display" : "Interventions on pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pain control management\" implies a broad clinical activity overseeing multiple modalities of pain treatment; BlockL4-AXA \"Interventions on pain\" is the best structural fit but is broader than the SNOMED concept and not itself an assignable leaf code." }] }, { "code" : "278414003", "display" : "Pain management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AXA", "display" : "Interventions on pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pain management\" is a generic umbrella term for the whole domain of interventions aimed at controlling pain, which corresponds structurally to BlockL4-AXA \"Interventions on pain\"; no single assignable ICHI category captures this holistic concept." }] }, { "code" : "236871008", "display" : "Painting of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Painting of vagina\" refers to topical application of a caustic or chemical agent (e.g., silver nitrate, iodine) to the vaginal mucosa, which falls under destruction of a lesion in ICHI; NMH.GA.AC is the closest available code but encompasses all destruction modalities." }] }, { "code" : "173415001", "display" : "Palatal osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hard palate is the palatine process of the maxilla, so palatal osteotomy is anatomically an osteotomy of the maxillary bone; MAF.FA.AA is the closest specific match, though it covers the full maxillary bone rather than the palatal portion." }] }, { "code" : "252612003", "display" : "Palatopharyngoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Palatopharyngoplasty (UPPP-type procedure) involves reconstruction of both the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall; KAS.ML.AA covers only the soft palate target, missing the pharyngeal component, making it broader than the full procedure." }] }, { "code" : "87060004", "display" : "Pallidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pallidotomy is targeted stereotactic lesioning of the globus pallidus; AAA.GA.AA covers destruction of any brain lesion or tissue without specifying the globus pallidus target or stereotactic technique, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "265540006", "display" : "Palma operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Palma operation is a cross-femoral saphenous vein bypass for unilateral iliac vein occlusion; IFD.LI.AA covers venous bypass in the lower limb but does not capture the cross-pubic routing or iliac vein occlusion, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "113011001", "display" : "Palpation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Palpation is a specific manual physical examination technique; ICHI has no code dedicated to palpation, so PZX.AE.AH is the most appropriate residual code for physical examination of an unspecified body site, encompassing all physical examination modalities." }] }, { "code" : "64908006", "display" : "Palpation of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no palpation-specific code; PZX.AE.AH covers physical examination of any body site NEC, broader than the specific technique applied to the specific site." }] }, { "code" : "172488004", "display" : "Palpation of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no liver-specific physical examination code and no palpation concept; PZX.AE.AH is the best available fit covering physical examination of any body site NEC." }] }, { "code" : "47241002", "display" : "Palpation of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no spleen-specific physical examination or palpation code; PZX.AE.AH is the least-broad available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept, covering physical examination of any unspecified body site." }] }, { "code" : "119936000", "display" : "Pancreas closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pancreas", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"closure of pancreas\" code; KCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas) is the closest match as surgical repair encompasses closure procedures, but also covers other forms of repair." }] }, { "code" : "33149006", "display" : "Pancreatectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JK.AA", "display" : "Total pancreatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pancreatectomy\" is a SNOMED grouper covering all pancreatic resection types; KCO.JK.AA is one specific subtype (total). ICHI also has KCO.JJ.AA (partial) and KCO.JL.AA (radical), so the SNOMED concept is wider than any single ICHI leaf code." }] }, { "code" : "252258005", "display" : "Pancreolauryl test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pancreolauryl (fluorescein dilaurate) test is a specific exocrine pancreatic function test; ICHI has no code for this test or exocrine pancreatic assessment specifically. KTE.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable code but covers all digestive function assessment." }] }, { "code" : "49181006", "display" : "Paracentesis of anterior chamber of eye with removal of blood by irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies drainage via irrigation to remove blood (hyphema washout); BBE.JB.AA covers drainage of the anterior chamber generally without specifying the method or material removed." }] }, { "code" : "36783002", "display" : "Paracentesis of anterior chamber of eye with therapeutic release of aqueous", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes deliberate release of aqueous humor (e.g., for acute angle-closure glaucoma); BBE.JB.AA matches the site and drainage action but does not capture the specific therapeutic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "363255004", "display" : "Paracentesis of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Paracentesis of eye\" is a broad SNOMED grouper for drainage/aspiration of any ocular structure; BZZ.JB.AA covers drainage of the eye NEC, a reasonable match for the unspecified-site concept though ICHI also has site-specific drainage codes." }] }, { "code" : "363256003", "display" : "Paracentesis of female genital tract structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers paracentesis of any female genital tract structure (ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, etc.), but ICHI has no single drainage/aspiration code at the female genital tract level — only structure-specific codes (e.g., NMA.JB.AE for ovary, NMH.JB.AE culdocentesis). The encompassing block \"Interventions on female genital system\" is the broadest available grouper and is wider than the SNOMED concept's procedural intent." }] }, { "code" : "363257007", "display" : "Paracentesis of respiratory tract structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JBA", "display" : "Interventions on lower respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept spans any respiratory tract structure (trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleural cavity), but ICHI encodes drainage and aspiration only at the level of specific organs (e.g., JCB.JB.AE for pleural cavity, JBB.JB.AD for bronchus, JBF.JB.AE for lung). No single respiratory tract paracentesis code exists, so the closest overarching ICHI grouper is assigned; it is wider because it covers all respiratory interventions, not only drainage." }] }, { "code" : "363258002", "display" : "Paracentesis of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides drainage codes for skin and subcutaneous tissue only by anatomical region (e.g., LAA.JB.AE head/neck, LAB.JB.AA trunk, LAE.JB.AA upper limb) with no single unifying \"drainage of skin\" code; the block \"Interventions on skin\" is the nearest available ICHI grouper and is wider than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "429703007", "display" : "Paracervical uterine neurectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AC", "display" : "Paracervical uterine denervation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Paracervical uterine denervation\" covers the same anatomical target and clinical intent (interruption of uterine pain nerve supply via the paracervical route) but \"denervation\" is semantically broader than \"neurectomy,\" which specifically implies surgical excision or transection of a nerve. ICHI does not offer a more specific neurectomy code for this site." }] }, { "code" : "287258006", "display" : "Parathyroid adenoma excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of parathyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parathyroid adenomectomy involves removal of one or more adenomatous glands while typically sparing normal tissue, which best aligns with \"partial excision\"; however, the ICHI code does not specify adenoma as the indication and is slightly broader in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "53304009", "display" : "Parathyroidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete parathyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Parathyroidectomy\" as a general SNOMED concept encompasses both partial and complete removal, while EBB.JK.AA specifically denotes complete (total) parathyroidectomy; the partial excision code EBB.JJ.AA also exists, so neither single ICHI code fully covers the unqualified SNOMED term, but EBB.JK.AA is the closest and most clinically representative default." }] }, { "code" : "408914003", "display" : "Parenteral feeding management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DA.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of nutritional substance", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Parenteral feeding \"management\" in SNOMED encompasses the broader clinical oversight, monitoring, and adjustment of a parenteral nutrition regimen, which is more than the act of administration alone; PZA.DA.AF captures only the administration act, but no ICHI management-of-nutrition code exists, making it the best available approximation." }] }, { "code" : "307174008", "display" : "Parotid duct papillotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no parotid-duct-specific papillotomy code; KAM.FA.AA covers incision of any salivary gland or duct (the parotid duct is one salivary duct), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the parotid (Stensen's) duct and the papillotomy technique." }] }, { "code" : "277451006", "display" : "Part organ pancreatic transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.KD.AA", "display" : "Pancreatic transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.KD.AA is the only open (non-percutaneous) pancreatic transplant code in ICHI and does not distinguish between whole-organ and partial/segmental pancreas transplantation; the SNOMED concept is specifically a part-organ (segmental) transplant, so the ICHI code is broader, encompassing both whole and partial transplants." }] }, { "code" : "236213005", "display" : "Partial cystectomy with excision of urachal remnant", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JJ.AA captures the partial cystectomy component of this procedure but does not represent the concomitant excision of the urachal remnant, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept. No separate ICHI code exists for urachus excision, and the bladder is the primary target." }] }, { "code" : "44478007", "display" : "Partial excision of bone of distal phalanx of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JJ.AA covers partial bone excision within the hand and finger broadly; the SNOMED concept specifies the distal phalanx specifically, a level of anatomical precision not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "387659005", "display" : "Partial excision of lacrimal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.JJ.AA targets the lacrimal apparatus (the full system including gland, ducts, canaliculi, and sac), while the SNOMED concept is specific to the lacrimal gland alone; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446309002", "display" : "Partial excision of meningioma", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A meningioma is a tumor arising from the meninges, so partial excision of a meningioma is clinically equivalent to partial excision of meningeal tissue; however, ICHI does not specify tumor type and applies to any partial meningeal resection, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47726001", "display" : "Partial ischiectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Other partial ostectomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ischium is a specific bone of the pelvic ring, but ICHI has no ischium-specific code — the closest assignable category covers partial bone removal from the entire pelvic region. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses partial excision of any pelvic bone, not just the ischium." }] }, { "code" : "438571006", "display" : "Partial lower thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using thoracolumbar approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial thoracic vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a lower thoracic level corpectomy via a thoracolumbar approach with explicit neural decompression, but ICHI's partial thoracic vertebrectomy code covers the procedure without encoding surgical approach or the decompression component, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "440203008", "display" : "Partial lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using thoracolumbar approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the partial lumbar vertebrectomy (corpectomy) at the correct anatomical level, but does not encode the thoracolumbar surgical approach or the explicit decompression of neural structures, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440201005", "display" : "Partial lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using transperitoneal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a transperitoneal (anterior) approach with neural decompression, distinctions not representable in the ICHI code; however, the target (lumbar vertebral body partial excision) is correctly captured by MBM.JJ.AA." }] }, { "code" : "171997006", "display" : "Partial parathyroidectomy and parathyroid tissue transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of parathyroid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining partial excision with autotransposition of parathyroid tissue (i.e., reimplantation into muscle), but ICHI only encodes the partial excision component; the transplant element is absent from the single code, so EBB.JJ.AA is broader and captures only part of the clinical procedure." }] }, { "code" : "89758002", "display" : "Partial phalangectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI MGB.JJ.AA covers partial bone excision of the hand or finger broadly (including phalanges), while the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to hand vs. foot and is specific to phalanx bones. The ICHI code is wider in that it encompasses all hand/finger bones, not exclusively phalanges." }] }, { "code" : "428443007", "display" : "Partial removal of tension free vaginal tape", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for partial removal of a suburethral sling or TVT; NAM.JD.AA (removal of an internal device from the urethra) is the closest anatomical match since the TVT tape is placed beneath the urethra, but it does not capture the partial nature of the removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "771565005", "display" : "Partial removal of transobturator tape", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the TVT, the transobturator tape (TOT) is a midurethral sling device; ICHI has no distinct code for TOT or for partial sling removal, so NAM.JD.AA is the best available match, though it is broader in that it does not distinguish partial removal or the transobturator route." }] }, { "code" : "75743008", "display" : "Partial resection of vertebral component, spinous process of lumbar region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.JJ.AA captures partial resection of the lumbar vertebra which aligns well with the procedure, but ICHI does not differentiate which vertebral component is resected; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the spinous process as the target, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "439528008", "display" : "Partial thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord and nerve roots using transthoracic approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial thoracic vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.JJ.AA correctly identifies a partial resection of the thoracic vertebra (corpectomy), but it does not encode the transthoracic surgical approach or the concurrent spinal cord and nerve root decompression; the ICHI code is therefore broader than this detailed SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439770000", "display" : "Partial thoracic corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina using extracavitary approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial thoracic vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.JJ.AA covers partial removal of a thoracic vertebra (open approach), which captures the corpectomy component, but the ICHI code does not encode the concurrent spinal cord/nerve root decompression or the specific extracavitary (posterolateral/costotransversectomy) approach that are clinically defining features of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229223006", "display" : "Participation in Tai Chi", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXC", "display" : "Engaging in recreation and leisure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to Tai Chi or mind-body exercise; SXC (engaging in recreation and leisure) is the closest match as the broadest parent target covering recreational physical activities, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically names Tai Chi as a distinct practice." }] }, { "code" : "229224000", "display" : "Participation in yoga", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXC", "display" : "Engaging in recreation and leisure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with Tai Chi, ICHI has no code specific to yoga; SXC (engaging in recreation and leisure) is the best available match as the overarching target for recreational/mind-body activities, and is wider than the SNOMED concept which specifically identifies yoga as the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "439472009", "display" : "Passive cooling of patient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SE.ZZ covers cooling of central (core) body temperature regardless of method, which includes but is not limited to passive/external techniques; it does not distinguish passive (surface/non-invasive) from active invasive cooling, making it broader than the SNOMED concept specifying passive cooling specifically." }] }, { "code" : "439719009", "display" : "Pasteurization", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pasteurization as a heat-treatment process; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification, under the Interventions on food block) is the nearest available code and captures the concept of altering food to improve safety, but it is substantially broader, encompassing any form of food modification and not pasteurization specifically." }] }, { "code" : "310625000", "display" : "Patch repair of adrenal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries are abdominal vessels, so IEA.ML.AA is the most anatomically specific available code; it is broader because it covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery by any method and does not capture the specific patch repair technique or the precise adrenal artery target, which has no dedicated ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "233390003", "display" : "Patch repair of arterial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patch repair of an existing arterial graft (a synthetic or biological conduit) is a revision/maintenance procedure; IZA.MK.AA (Repair of artery, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it does not distinguish repair of a native artery from repair of a prosthetic arterial graft, nor does it specify the patch technique." }] }, { "code" : "310414003", "display" : "Patching of aortopulmonary window", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIN.MK.AA", "display" : "Closure of aortopulmonary window", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Closure of aortopulmonary window\" covers the same procedure but is broader — it encompasses all closure techniques (suture, device, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies patching as the particular technique used. The SNOMED concept is a subtype of the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "243074007", "display" : "Patient associations education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of associations and organisational services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEK.PM.ZZ covers education about associations and organisational services broadly, which subsumes education about patient associations specifically; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all types of associations and organisational structures, not just patient-oriented ones." }] }, { "code" : "698602003", "display" : "Patient controlled analgesia education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Patient controlled analgesia is a specific medication delivery technique, and UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, which is broader; no ICHI code exists for education about a specific analgesic modality or device, making this the closest available code within the medications domain." }] }, { "code" : "79779006", "display" : "Patient discharge, deceased, no autopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.TH.ZZ", "display" : "Post mortem care", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Post mortem care\" covers care of the deceased body but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically designates a discharge disposition of death without autopsy. No ICHI code exists for the administrative act of documenting or executing a discharge of a deceased patient, nor for the absence of autopsy; \"Post mortem care\" is the closest clinical intervention applicable to a deceased whole body." }] }, { "code" : "89334003", "display" : "Patient discharge, deceased, to anatomic board", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.TH.ZZ", "display" : "Post mortem care", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the previous concept, ICHI contains no code for the administrative discharge disposition of transferring a deceased patient's body to an anatomical board or donor programme; \"Post mortem care\" under the whole-body interventions block is the nearest available clinical anchor, but it does not capture the organ/tissue donation or administrative transfer aspect." }] }, { "code" : "385817007", "display" : "Patient feeding technique education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about eating", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Education about eating\" in ICHI covers education about the eating activity broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies education about feeding technique — a more focused instructional act on the method or approach to feeding. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "238692003", "display" : "Patient observation over time", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of whole person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering observation of the whole person without reference to a specific body system or function, which broadly encompasses longitudinal patient observation. However, the ICHI code does not specifically encode the temporal dimension (\"over time\") that is central to the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code semantically wider." }] }, { "code" : "12386002", "display" : "Patient status determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Patient status determination\" refers to evaluating a patient's overall clinical condition to inform care decisions, which maps best to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment — assessment of the whole person). The ICHI code is broader because it covers any general health assessment, while the SNOMED concept implies a more specific administrative or clinical determination of patient status (e.g., for admission, triage, or level-of-care purposes)." }] }, { "code" : "25675004", "display" : "Patient transfer to skilled nursing facility (SNF)", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transfer to a skilled nursing facility is operationally a referral/transition to another level of care provider, making UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) the best available ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any referral to any health provider, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the SNF setting and the physical act of transferring the patient there." }] }, { "code" : "37729005", "display" : "Patient transfer, in-hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ covers the physical act of transporting a person, which encompasses in-hospital patient transfer, but it is broader — it applies to any transport of a person in any setting, not specifically within a hospital. No ICHI code captures the in-hospital specificity of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19712007", "display" : "Patient transfer, to another health care facility", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider) is the closest ICHI concept covering the organizational act of directing a patient to another health care provider or facility, but it is broader than the specific act of physical transfer — a referral may or may not involve an actual transfer, and the ICHI code does not distinguish between intra- and inter-facility transfers." }] }, { "code" : "397160002", "display" : "Paul-Mikulicz operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Paul-Mikulicz operation is a staged partial colectomy with exteriorization of both bowel ends as a double-barrel colostomy, which is a form of partial colon excision; ICHI has no code specific to this eponymous staged technique, so KBP.JJ.AA (open partial excision of colon) is the closest match but is broader, not capturing the double-barrel stoma or staged nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "399193003", "display" : "PCR test for Chlamydia trachomatis", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG7T46", "display" : "Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG7T46 explicitly covers Chlamydia trachomatis detection, making it the best available match; however it bundles Chlamydia with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and does not specify PCR/nucleic acid methodology, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "399191001", "display" : "PCR test for Herpes simplex", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to Herpes simplex virus; XG4U02 covers any viral NAAT/PCR procedure and is the most accurate available code, but it is considerably broader, encompassing all viral nucleic acid amplification tests rather than HSV-specific PCR." }] }, { "code" : "399150003", "display" : "PCR test for SARS", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4U02 is the closest ICHI code covering nucleic acid amplification (which includes PCR) for viral detection. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all viruses rather than being specific to SARS coronavirus, and does not encode the PCR technique explicitly." }] }, { "code" : "1255003003", "display" : "Peanut free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.WF.ZZ", "display" : "Restrictions concerning the consumption of certain foods or beverages, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A peanut-free diet is a restriction on the consumption of a specific food item, which fits structurally within VEA.WF.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the allergen or substance restricted; no more specific ICHI code for allergen-exclusion diets exists." }] }, { "code" : "91161007", "display" : "Pedal pulse taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Palpation of the pedal pulse (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial) is a clinical assessment of peripheral arterial blood vessel function, which falls under ITB.AA.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all blood vessel function assessments without specifying the lower-limb location, the pedal arteries, or the palpation technique." }] }, { "code" : "423479002", "display" : "Pediatric admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pediatric admission assessment is a comprehensive initial health evaluation of a child on hospital admission, which maps best to the whole-person general health assessment in ICHI. The code is broader because ICHI does not encode the pediatric age group, the admission context, or the clinical setting." }] }, { "code" : "700420000", "display" : "Pediatric inpatient care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for inpatient or pediatric-specific care management; \"Case coordination\" (PZB.TD.ZZ) is the closest structural match covering the coordination and management of a patient's care episode, but it is broader in that it applies to any setting and any age group, not specifically inpatient pediatric contexts." }] }, { "code" : "424322004", "display" : "Pediatric rehabilitation admission assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to rehabilitation admission assessment or to pediatric patients; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the best available match as it represents a whole-person assessment, but it is broader — it does not capture the rehabilitation context, the admission-specific timing, or the pediatric population." }] }, { "code" : "422847008", "display" : "Pediatric rehabilitation continuous assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the admission assessment above, ICHI lacks any code for ongoing/continuous rehabilitation assessment or for pediatric-specific encounters; \"General health assessment\" (PZB.AA.ZZ) is the closest available code but is broader, capturing neither the longitudinal/continuous nature of the assessment nor the rehabilitation or pediatric specificity." }] }, { "code" : "736771008", "display" : "Pediatric surgery care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code representing the overall care surrounding a surgical procedure (pre-, intra-, and post-operative care as a bundle) nor one scoped to pediatric patients; \"Health management encounter, unspecified\" (PZB.ZZ.ZZ) is the closest residual whole-person encounter code, but it is substantially broader and less specific than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "700415000", "display" : "Pediatric surgery care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The management/coordination dimension of this concept aligns most closely with \"Case coordination\" (PZB.TD.ZZ), which covers the planning and coordination of an individual's care, but ICHI does not distinguish surgical specialty care management or the pediatric population, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "176341004", "display" : "Pedicle flap urethroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pedicle flap urethroplasty is a specific reconstructive technique using a pedicled tissue flap; NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction but does not specify the pedicle flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "1186994002", "display" : "Pedicle myocutaneous flap to eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the eyelid but does not specify the myocutaneous pedicle flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "822997001", "display" : "Pedicle vascularized bone graft to iliac crest", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the pelvic region (which includes the iliac crest) but does not distinguish the iliac crest specifically nor the vascularized/pedicle graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "119608007", "display" : "Pelvis incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of bone of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pelvis incision\" is a broad, unqualified concept; \"Division of bone of pelvis\" is the closest available ICHI code but implies a bony target whereas the SNOMED term does not specify tissue type." }] }, { "code" : "119622007", "display" : "Pelvis manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers manipulation of the joint of the pelvic region, the most clinically plausible interpretation of \"pelvis manipulation\"; the SNOMED concept is unqualified and could encompass other tissue manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "29437002", "display" : "Pemberton osteotomy operation of ilium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes osteotomy at the level of \"pelvis\" without distinguishing the ilium or the eponymous Pemberton technique." }] }, { "code" : "1156667005", "display" : "Penicillamine therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no drug-specific pharmacotherapy codes; PZA.DB.AZ covers any pharmacotherapy administration regardless of route, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "704136000", "display" : "Penile care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Penile care falls under the ICHI self-care domain's \"caring for body parts\" activity; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any body part." }] }, { "code" : "236359005", "display" : "Penile revascularization for impotence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.LI.AA", "display" : "Revascularisation of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.LI.AA captures penile revascularization precisely but the SNOMED concept also specifies the clinical indication (impotence), making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "108047008", "display" : "Penis destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any destructive procedure on the penis; NGM.GA.AA specifies destruction of a lesion but is the closest available ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "252210001", "display" : "Pentagastrin stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pentagastrin stimulation test is a pharmacological provocation test for gastric acid secretion; KT2.AC.ZZ is the closest digestive function test code but encompasses all unspecified digestive function tests." }] }, { "code" : "252211002", "display" : "Pentolinium suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pentolinium suppression test is used to diagnose pheochromocytoma; ICHI has no code for this specific drug-based test, so the broad endocrine assessment category is the nearest match." }] }, { "code" : "75180006", "display" : "Percussion", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percussion is a specific physical examination technique; ICHI has no dedicated percussion code, so the broadest applicable match is \"Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified.\"" }] }, { "code" : "443084006", "display" : "Percutaneous ablation of trigeminal nerve using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of any cranial nerve by any means; ICHI does not specify the trigeminal nerve or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "236175002", "display" : "Percutaneous adjustment of ureteric stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.SN.AC covers management (including adjustment) of any internal ureteric device; it does not encode the percutaneous approach and encompasses other management actions." }] }, { "code" : "276192004", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses the broader action \"drainage\" (JB) rather than specifically \"aspiration\"; the target (kidney) and approach (percutaneous) match exactly." }] }, { "code" : "431544002", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy of dialysis fistula using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for thrombectomy of a dialysis fistula; \"Management of arteriovenous shunt\" is the closest match but covers any management action." }] }, { "code" : "443080002", "display" : "Percutaneous balloon compression of trigeminal nerve using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal nerve; AAN.GA.AE is the best available match but covers all cranial nerves and all percutaneous destructive modalities." }] }, { "code" : "177106002", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.AD.AD covers biopsy of fetal structures broadly without specifying the percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "609236006", "display" : "Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.DD.AF", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PSA.DD.AF encodes cardiopulmonary bypass in general without specifying the percutaneous route of cannulation." }] }, { "code" : "426713000", "display" : "Percutaneous chemical ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction of a liver lesion but encompasses all destruction modalities rather than chemical ablation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "426143006", "display" : "Percutaneous chemical ablation of lesion of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code for percutaneous destruction of pancreatic lesion exists; KCO.GA.AA omits the percutaneous approach and encompasses all destruction modalities." }] }, { "code" : "390935004", "display" : "Percutaneous coil embolization of cerebral artery aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery but does not distinguish the coil technique or the aneurysm as the specific target." }] }, { "code" : "868245005", "display" : "Percutaneous coronary intervention of left coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish left from right coronary artery; HIA.LH.AF best represents the predominant clinical content of PCI." }] }, { "code" : "868248007", "display" : "Percutaneous coronary intervention of right coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate coronary artery laterality; HIA.LH.AF covers PCI of both left and right coronary artery." }] }, { "code" : "609168009", "display" : "Percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of kidney using computed tomography guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE precisely encodes percutaneous destruction of a kidney lesion; ICHI does not capture the cryoablation technique or CT guidance." }] }, { "code" : "765474002", "display" : "Percutaneous cryotherapy of neoplasm of left kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE matches target, action, and percutaneous approach but does not encode cryotherapy modality or laterality (left)." }] }, { "code" : "765475001", "display" : "Percutaneous cryotherapy of neoplasm of right kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE matches target, action, and percutaneous approach but does not encode cryotherapy modality or laterality (right)." }] }, { "code" : "1268345006", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of lymphatic system using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.JB.AE matches percutaneous drainage of the lymphatic vessel; broader because the SNOMED concept covers the full lymphatic system (including nodes), and imaging guidance is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "240926008", "display" : "Percutaneous embolectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JE.AF covers endovascular extraction of any arterial obstruction; broader because it covers all obstructions (not just emboli) and is site-agnostic." }] }, { "code" : "431559008", "display" : "Percutaneous embolization of artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept adds fluoroscopic guidance with contrast, which is not captured in the ICHI means axis." }] }, { "code" : "432432001", "display" : "Percutaneous embolization of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesenteric vein is anatomically a branch of the portal venous system; the ICHI code covers all portal vein branches and does not capture fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "609149006", "display" : "Percutaneous embolization of splenic vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The splenic vein is a direct tributary of the portal vein; the ICHI code is wider as it covers all portal vein branches and omits fluoroscopic guidance detail." }] }, { "code" : "276929004", "display" : "Percutaneous endarterectomy of superior mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superior mesenteric artery is an abdominal artery; ICHI has no SMA-specific code, and the means axis is open rather than percutaneous." }] }, { "code" : "700212000", "display" : "Percutaneous endoscopic excision of lumbar intervertebral disc using laser", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures endoscopic lumbar discectomy but not the laser instrument or the percutaneous endoscopic combined approach." }] }, { "code" : "241023006", "display" : "Percutaneous evacuation of wound seroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no seroma-specific code; the chosen code covers all subcutaneous fluid drainage from the trunk regardless of fluid type or wound origin." }] }, { "code" : "1269438004", "display" : "Percutaneous examination of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The only generic fetal assessment code in ICHI; the means axis is unspecified and does not capture the percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "360345002", "display" : "Percutaneous excisional biopsy of nerve ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures percutaneous peripheral nerve biopsy but does not specify excisional technique or restrict to ganglion." }] }, { "code" : "42041003", "display" : "Percutaneous extraction of kidney stone with fragmentation procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JE.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous extraction of calculus of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures percutaneous extraction of renal calculus but does not encode the fragmentation/lithotripsy component." }] }, { "code" : "711508007", "display" : "Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish FNA from core/other percutaneous biopsy techniques nor capture imaging guidance." }] }, { "code" : "442914007", "display" : "Percutaneous fixation of fracture of neck of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not subdivide the femur into anatomical regions; the code captures site, approach, and hardware-insertion nature but is broader than the neck-of-femur fracture context." }] }, { "code" : "609152003", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of stent into aneurysm of coronary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Standard ICHI code for percutaneous coronary stent insertion but does not capture the aneurysm indication or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "443229009", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of stent into major aortopulmonary collateral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation and stent placement in systemic to pulmonary collateral artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Precise target and stent placement match; slightly broader as it includes balloon dilatation and omits fluoroscopic-with-contrast guidance." }] }, { "code" : "431596004", "display" : "Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of pulmonary artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches target and action precisely; slightly wider as it does not specify percutaneous mechanical technique or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "431742000", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrolithotomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JE.AB", "display" : "Percutaneous endoscopic extraction of calculus from kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the percutaneous endoscopic approach for renal calculus removal but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component." }] }, { "code" : "429223009", "display" : "Percutaneous photodynamic therapy of lesion of bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish photodynamic therapy as a specific destruction modality; the code includes any percutaneous destructive technique." }] }, { "code" : "236156007", "display" : "Percutaneous puncture of renal collecting system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI code captures percutaneous renal access but implies an ongoing drainage intent rather than the puncture act alone." }] }, { "code" : "432396001", "display" : "Percutaneous pyeloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Pyeloplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dedicated pyeloplasty code matches the core procedure but does not specify percutaneous approach or fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "426697007", "display" : "Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures percutaneous destruction of renal lesion precisely but does not specify radiofrequency energy modality." }] }, { "code" : "426987001", "display" : "Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of the lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches target, action, and approach but does not specify radiofrequency as the energy modality." }] }, { "code" : "1144494006", "display" : "Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of lesion of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Correctly encodes percutaneous thyroid destruction but means axis does not specify radiofrequency; covers other modalities like ethanol injection or microwave." }] }, { "code" : "174678009", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of calculus from bile duct along T tube track", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches percutaneous approach and bile duct calculus extraction but does not capture the specific anatomical T-tube track route." }] }, { "code" : "432945008", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of calculus from biliary tract using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bile duct is the principal biliary tract component but the ICHI code does not capture fluoroscopic guidance; \"biliary tract\" could also encompass gallbladder." }] }, { "code" : "708966001", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of cardiac pacemaker electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures percutaneous transluminal removal but the ICHI code refers to the full pacemaker/defibrillator system rather than specifically an electrode/lead." }] }, { "code" : "277992006", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of foreign body from intracranial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The IAA block lacks a JD action code; NEC artery residual is broader in target specificity (any artery vs intracranial) and does not encode the percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "277997000", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of foreign body from pulmonary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pulmonary artery block (HID) lacks a JD code; NEC artery code covers any artery rather than specifically the pulmonary artery." }] }, { "code" : "277989007", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of foreign body from vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches target and action; SNOMED concept also uses broad \"vein\" term aligning with NEC vein code, but ICHI does not encode percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "236153004", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of renal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures excision of a renal lesion; no NAA.JI.AE percutaneous variant exists in ICHI. Approach is unspecified rather than percutaneous." }] }, { "code" : "236174003", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of ureteric stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stent is an internal device; ICHI has only transurethral and unspecified-approach variants and no percutaneous-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "441873006", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of aortic valve using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter aortic valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDE.DN.AF specifies the percutaneous transluminal transcatheter approach used in TAVI/TAVR, which inherently relies on fluoroscopic guidance; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance as a modality, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept that calls out fluoroscopy." }] }, { "code" : "442525005", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of pulmonary valve using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.DN.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDG.DN.AF is a direct match for the PPVI procedure (percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement), differing only in that the ICHI code does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "443381006", "display" : "Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformation using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous occlusion of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sclerotherapy achieves occlusion of the lymphatic malformation by chemical destruction, so DFO.LA.AF captures the percutaneous approach and the occlusion outcome; however, the ICHI code does not specify the sclerosant technique, the malformation pathology, or fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438895001", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of carpometacarpal joint with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies both closed reduction (manipulation) and percutaneous skeletal fixation (e.g., K-wire), while ICHI MGJ.LD.AH captures only the closed reduction of a hand/finger joint without encoding the concurrent percutaneous internal fixation. The carpometacarpal joint is a hand joint within the MGJ block, so the target axis is correct but the action/means combination is broader than the SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "438561009", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of interphalangeal joint of foot with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines manipulation (closed reduction) with percutaneous skeletal fixation of the interphalangeal joint of the foot; ICHI MOJ.LD.AH covers only closed reduction of any joint of the foot or toe without specifying the percutaneous internal fixation component, making it broader than the SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "439834005", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The metacarpophalangeal joint is a finger/hand joint correctly captured by the MGJ target axis, but ICHI MGJ.LD.AH encodes only the closed reduction (manipulation) element and does not represent the additional percutaneous skeletal fixation step that distinguishes this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439869007", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of metatarsophalangeal joint with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The metatarsophalangeal joint is a foot/toe joint within the MOJ block, and MOJ.LD.AH correctly reflects the closed reduction (manipulation) component, but ICHI does not encode the concurrent percutaneous skeletal fixation, so the ICHI code is broader than the full SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "439870008", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of talocalcaneonavicular joint with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The talocalcaneonavicular joint is an intertarsal joint of the foot, falling within the MOJ block; MOJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction/manipulation but not the percutaneous skeletal fixation element, so the ICHI code represents a broader procedure than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438560005", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of distal dislocation of radius and ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device implantation (fixation hardware) into the forearm bones (radius and ulna), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not encode the concurrent dislocation reduction component, nor does it specify the distal location or dislocation context." }] }, { "code" : "439266007", "display" : "Percutaneous skeletal fixation of fracture of phalangeal shaft with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.DN.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.DN.AE correctly targets phalangeal (hand/finger) bone and encodes the percutaneous device implantation (skeletal fixation), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the fracture context, the shaft specificity, or the manipulation (closed reduction) that precedes fixation." }] }, { "code" : "239569001", "display" : "Percutaneous spinal facet joint denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Facet joint denervation is performed by percutaneously destroying the medial branch of the spinal nerve root supplying the facet joint, which aligns well with ABN.GA.AE; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any spinal nerve root destruction and does not specify the facet joint target or the radiofrequency/thermal technique typically used." }] }, { "code" : "439541007", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombectomy of cerebral artery using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.JE.AF maps well to this concept — endovascular (percutaneous) extraction of obstruction (thrombectomy) from the intracranial artery (cerebral artery) — but the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any obstruction type and does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast medium that the SNOMED concept specifies." }] }, { "code" : "276982006", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombectomy of iliofemoral vein zone", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliofemoral vein spans both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb (femoral) segments; ICHI has no dedicated iliofemoral code, and no thrombectomy code exists under the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED), so IFD.JE.AF is the best anatomical fit covering the femoral component via an endovascular/percutaneous approach. ICHI is broader because it covers all lower limb veins and does not distinguish the iliofemoral zone." }] }, { "code" : "233338007", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of common femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The common femoral artery is a lower limb artery, the action is thrombolysis, and the means AF encodes the endovascular/percutaneous approach — all three ICHI axes align well. ICHI is broader because it covers all arteries of the lower limb, not specifically the common femoral artery." }] }, { "code" : "240935001", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of hepatic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated hepatic artery thrombolysis code; IEA.DB.AF covers thrombolysis of any abdominal or pelvic artery, which includes the hepatic artery, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. The percutaneous approach (means AF) is correctly captured." }] }, { "code" : "233431002", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of iliofemoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific iliofemoral or lower-limb vein thrombolysis code — the lower limb vein block (IFD) lacks a thrombolysis entry entirely — so the residual IZD.DB.AF (thrombolysis of vein, NEC) is the best available match, capturing the action and percutaneous means but broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "431435001", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of portal vein using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.DB.AF matches well on target (portal vein) and action (thrombolysis/DB via percutaneous means AF), but extends to \"and branches\" beyond the single vessel specified in SNOMED, and the fluoroscopic guidance detail is not encoded separately in ICHI's means axis." }] }, { "code" : "433240003", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of pulmonary artery using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HID.DB.AF matches precisely on target (pulmonary artery) and action (thrombolysis) with the percutaneous means axis (AF), but does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance detail that SNOMED specifies, making ICHI slightly broader in that one respect." }] }, { "code" : "431302007", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of renal artery using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The renal artery is an abdominal artery, so IEA.DB.AF captures the thrombolysis action and correct anatomical region. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated renal artery thrombolysis code, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept; additionally, ICHI's means axis (.AF = percutaneous transluminal) does not explicitly encode fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "609301009", "display" : "Percutaneous thrombolysis of vein of transplanted pancreas using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for thrombolysis of pancreatic veins, so the residual code IZD.DB.AF (vein, NEC) is the closest match; it is broader as it does not capture the transplanted-organ context or fluoroscopic guidance, and the transplant aspect (vein of a transplanted organ) has no ICHI representation." }] }, { "code" : "429092001", "display" : "Percutaneous transhepatic sampling of portal venous blood", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to portal venous blood sampling or any sampling code within the portal vein block (IEF); the closest available code DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection generically, losing both the anatomical target (portal vein) and the percutaneous transhepatic route." }] }, { "code" : "441754003", "display" : "Percutaneous transhepatic transplantation of pancreatic islet cells using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBD.KD.AF", "display" : "Transplantation of cells of Islets of Langerhans", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBD.KD.AF matches the procedure type (islet cell transplantation, percutaneous route — means AF) but does not encode the transhepatic delivery route or the fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428581004", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of accessory pathway", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.GA.AF covers percutaneous transluminal ablation of the cardiac conduction system as a whole; the SNOMED concept targets only the accessory pathway (e.g., a WPW bypass tract), which is a specific sub-structure, so ICHI is broader." }] }, { "code" : "431759005", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Atherectomy is mechanically captured by \"endovascular extraction of obstruction\" (action JE, means AF), but the ICHI code is body-site unspecified (NEC) and does not encode fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a specific guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "68457009", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty using imaging guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code correctly encodes percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an artery (action LG = dilatation, means AF = percutaneous transluminal), but it is body-site unspecified and does not capture the imaging guidance with contrast detail specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "175872000", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal cannulation of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI action DL (insertion of device) encompasses cannula/catheter insertion into a vein via a percutaneous transluminal approach (AF), matching the procedure intent; however, the code is vein-site unspecified (NEC) and \"insertion of device\" is slightly broader than the specific act of cannulation." }] }, { "code" : "609235005", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal closure of systemic to pulmonary collateral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDM.LA.AA", "display" : "Systemic to pulmonary collateral artery occlusion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDM.LA.AA precisely targets systemic-to-pulmonary collateral artery occlusion (MAPCA closure), matching the anatomical target and the occlusion/closure intent exactly; however, the ICHI code does not specify the percutaneous transluminal approach (means axis is AA = open/unspecified), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly names the percutaneous transluminal route." }] }, { "code" : "609162005", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of branched stent graft into aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.DL.AF captures percutaneous transluminal device insertion into the abdominal aorta, which aligns with the approach and general action of BEVAR/branched endovascular aortic repair; however, it does not specify a stent graft (vs. other devices), does not encode the branched configuration, and is limited to the abdominal aorta while the SNOMED concept refers to the aorta generally." }] }, { "code" : "609161003", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of fenestrated stent graft into aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with BEVAR, HIH.DL.AF is the closest ICHI match for FEVAR (fenestrated endovascular aortic repair) — it captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and device insertion into the abdominal aorta, but does not encode the fenestrated stent graft specificity or account for cases where the target is the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta." }] }, { "code" : "609163000", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of stent into hepatic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEA.LH.AF is the best available match — it covers percutaneous transluminal device insertion into abdominal/pelvic arteries including the hepatic artery, and the action axis LH encodes dilatation with device insertion consistent with stenting; however, it applies to the broader abdominal/pelvic artery category rather than the hepatic artery specifically, and bundles dilatation with the insertion rather than treating stent placement alone." }] }, { "code" : "427704009", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of subcutaneous port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the same approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (insertion of device into vein) but is broader because it does not distinguish the specific device type (subcutaneous/implantable port) or specify the target vessel. No more specific ICHI code for subcutaneous port insertion exists." }] }, { "code" : "429256005", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of long saphenous vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the great/long saphenous vein; the closest match captures the same approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (destruction/ablation of vein) but is broader because it does not specify the saphenous vein target or the laser means." }] }, { "code" : "609166008", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of varicose vein of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for varicose veins of the lower limb, so the NEC percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein is the best available match, losing specificity on both the target (varicose vein, lower limb) and the means (laser)." }] }, { "code" : "175130004", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal mapping of conducting system of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.AF.AF", "display" : "Electrophysiological study of heart", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intracardiac electrophysiological mapping of the conducting system is the core clinical purpose of an electrophysiological study, but HFC.AF.AF is broader — it encompasses the full EP study (including pacing manoeuvres and arrhythmia induction), not solely the mapping component, and does not encode the percutaneous transluminal approach in its means axis." }] }, { "code" : "1370891009", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal mechanical closure of left auricular appendage using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of left atrial appendage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HAA.LA.AF matches well on target (left atrial appendage), action (occlusion/closure), and approach (percutaneous transluminal), but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the means (mechanical device) or the imaging guidance modality (fluoroscopy with contrast); these details would need ICHI extension codes to fully represent." }] }, { "code" : "1230010003", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal procedure on blood vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZE", "display" : "Interventions on blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category covering any percutaneous transluminal procedure on any blood vessel. No single ICHI assignable category code covers this breadth, so the organisational block BlockL5-IZE is the best structural anchor; it is broader than any individual procedure and appropriately captures the residual/unclassified nature of the concept." }] }, { "code" : "287811008", "display" : "Perforated peptic ulcer closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A perforated peptic ulcer closure is a specific repair targeting a perforation caused by a peptic ulcer in the stomach (or duodenum), while KBF.MK.AA covers any repair of the stomach without specifying the nature or cause of the defect. No more specific ICHI code exists for peptic ulcer perforation closure." }] }, { "code" : "1230126004", "display" : "Performing dressing activity for full body of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of dressing the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SME.RA.ZZ captures the act of performing dressing for a person, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code does not specify \"full body\" as opposed to partial body, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which distinguishes full-body dressing." }] }, { "code" : "1230129006", "display" : "Performing dressing activity for partial body of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "SME.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of dressing the person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SME.RA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for performing the dressing task on a person, but it does not distinguish between full-body and partial-body dressing, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically refers to partial body dressing." }] }, { "code" : "6872008", "display" : "Perfusion chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for perfusion chemotherapy (intra-arterial or isolated-limb circuit delivery of cytotoxic agents). PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route across the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the perfusion technique and the oncological indication." }] }, { "code" : "287673002", "display" : "Perianal cauterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cauterization is one specific means of tissue destruction, but KBX.GA.AC encodes destruction of anal/perianal tissue without specifying the technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names cauterization explicitly; this is still the closest available ICHI match." }] }, { "code" : "235359002", "display" : "Perianal region operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBX", "display" : "Interventions on anus and anal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the perianal region, which maps best to the ICHI organisational block for all interventions on the anus and anal canal; no single assignable category code covers the full scope of the concept, so the block-level code is appropriate." }] }, { "code" : "45918000", "display" : "Pericardioplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pericardioplasty\" connotes a reconstructive or plastic repair of the pericardium, which falls within the scope of \"Repair of pericardium,\" but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any form of pericardial repair and is not limited to reconstructive plasty procedures." }] }, { "code" : "120207001", "display" : "Perineum destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAW", "display" : "Interventions on perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated destruction code for the perineum (unlike the vulva, which has NMI.GA.AA), and the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category-level procedure grouping; the block BlockL5-PAW (Interventions on perineum) is the best available match, though it is wider as it encompasses all perineal interventions, not only destructive ones." }] }, { "code" : "120210008", "display" : "Perineum manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAW", "display" : "Interventions on perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no specific \"manipulation of perineum\" category code in ICHI — the PAW block contains only excision, drainage, repair, biopsy, and pelvic floor stimulation codes. The block code \"Interventions on perineum\" is the best available fit, covering the target body part but not specifying the manipulation action." }] }, { "code" : "234677007", "display" : "Periodontal operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAG", "display" : "Interventions on gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no \"periodontal\" terminology; the periodontium (gingiva and supporting structures) is represented under the gum block KAG. \"Periodontal operation\" is an unspecified category of procedures, and BlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum) is the closest structural match, though it covers only gingival targets and not the full periodontium." }] }, { "code" : "1285534001", "display" : "Periodontal procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAG", "display" : "Interventions on gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"periodontal procedure\" category; BlockL5-KAG (Interventions on gum) is the best available grouping, encompassing excision, repair, gingivoplasty, and other gum-targeted interventions that overlap with periodontal procedures, but the block is broader and does not precisely represent the full scope of periodontal care." }] }, { "code" : "1354650003", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of cardiac status", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function broadly and is a reasonable match for evaluating cardiac status, but it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to the perioperative context and encompasses all cardiovascular function assessment." }] }, { "code" : "1360007002", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of endocrine system", "target" : [{ "code" : "EZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EZZ.AA.ZZ captures assessment of the endocrine system as a whole, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's target organ system; it is wider because it is not scoped to the perioperative setting and the NEC qualifier means it also serves as a catch-all for endocrine assessments not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "446480004", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of gastrointestinal tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of digestive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KTE.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for evaluating the gastrointestinal system, covering assessment of digestive functions; it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it addresses functional assessment of the entire digestive system rather than being restricted to perioperative evaluation." }] }, { "code" : "447486003", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of musculoskeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system broadly, which subsumes the perioperative evaluation context; however, ICHI has no perioperative-specific qualifier, so the ICHI code is broader in that it applies to any clinical setting, not exclusively the perioperative period." }] }, { "code" : "1360006006", "display" : "Perioperative evaluation of nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI equivalent — a neurological assessment of the nervous system NEC — but it is not constrained to the perioperative period, making the ICHI code broader in scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "54334009", "display" : "Periosteal suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for suturing the periosteum. The periosteum is a fibrous connective tissue membrane, so repair of unspecified soft tissue is the closest available code, but it covers any soft tissue site rather than the periosteum specifically." }] }, { "code" : "181021005", "display" : "Periosteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code for incision of the periosteum exists; the periosteum is a connective tissue/soft tissue structure, so incision of unspecified soft tissue is the best structural equivalent, though it is anatomically nonspecific and broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "231120008", "display" : "Peripheral nerve neurostimulator electrode procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of device into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers a group of procedures involving neurostimulator electrodes (insertion, revision, removal), while ACA.DL.AA captures only the insertion action; no single ICHI code represents the full procedural group." }] }, { "code" : "46779000", "display" : "Peripheral neuroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neuroplasty refers to surgical reshaping or reconstruction of a nerve (which can include decompression, grafting, or repair), while ACA.MK.AA covers repair broadly but does not fully capture all neuroplasty variants such as grafting (ACA.ML.AA) or release (ACA.FC.AA)." }] }, { "code" : "424411004", "display" : "Peripheral pulse taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for peripheral pulse palpation; HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest match as peripheral pulse taking is a clinical assessment of cardiovascular function, but the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all forms of cardiovascular function assessment rather than this specific bedside measurement." }] }, { "code" : "134379001", "display" : "Peripheral vascular disease monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for monitoring peripheral vascular disease; ITB.AA.ZZ covers the functional domain of peripheral vessel evaluation but is broader, encompassing all blood vessel function assessments rather than targeting peripheral vascular disease specifically." }] }, { "code" : "5091004", "display" : "Peripheral vascular disease study", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"peripheral vascular disease study\" is a diagnostic evaluation of peripheral vessel function (e.g., ABI, plethysmography); ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI match but is broader in scope as it covers any vascular function measurement, not specifically a peripheral vascular disease-focused diagnostic study." }] }, { "code" : "103771005", "display" : "Peripheral vein renin stimulation panel", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A peripheral vein renin stimulation panel involves collecting venous blood samples to measure renin levels under stimulation conditions; ICHI has no code for renin sampling or hormonal panels, so DIA.AH.XA captures the core procedural action but loses the specific anatomical site, the stimulation component, and the analyte." }] }, { "code" : "73257006", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis catheter maintenance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for peritoneal dialysis catheter maintenance as a distinct activity; KMA.JC.AE is the closest match covering the broader procedure, but the SNOMED concept specifically denotes maintenance of the catheter used for peritoneal dialysis — a narrower, device-care activity that ICHI does not separately classify." }] }, { "code" : "14684005", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis excluding cannulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE directly represents peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly excludes the cannulation component, while the ICHI code covers peritoneal dialysis without that distinction, making the ICHI code slightly broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "21619009", "display" : "Permanent tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes tracheostomy as a single procedure (JBA.LI.AA) without distinguishing permanent from temporary; the permanence intent encoded in the SNOMED concept is not captured, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "445428001", "display" : "Person centered counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for counselling delivered at the whole-person level, but it does not encode the person-centered (Rogerian/client-centered) therapeutic modality that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "105389006", "display" : "Personal care assistance at home", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UCH.RG.ZZ captures the provision of personal care support services, which aligns with the core meaning of this concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the home setting and operates at the level of the support-provider relationship rather than the recipient's home-based care." }] }, { "code" : "704443002", "display" : "Personal grooming procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMC.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of caring for body parts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Caring for body parts\" (SMC.RA.ZZ) encompasses grooming activities such as hair care, nail care, skin care, and dental hygiene, which aligns well with personal grooming, but it is broader as it also covers wound care and other body-part maintenance beyond grooming alone." }] }, { "code" : "16545811000119100", "display" : "PET myocardial metabolism study", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.BA.BG", "display" : "Positron emission computerised tomography of myocardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFD.BA.BG covers PET of the myocardium in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies a metabolic PET study (e.g., FDG-PET for viability assessment), which is a more granular functional variant; thus the ICHI code is wider than this specific metabolic imaging procedure." }] }, { "code" : "241443006", "display" : "PET study for localization of tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BG", "display" : "Positron emission tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes PET only by anatomical target (brain, lymphatic vessel, pituitary, whole body) with no oncology-specific or localisation-purpose variant; whole-body PET is the characteristic scan used for tumour localisation but the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "415089008", "display" : "Phacoemulsification of cataract with intraocular lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AE", "display" : "Phacoemulsification of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (phacoemulsification plus IOL insertion), while ICHI encodes only the phacoemulsification step here; the IOL insertion is a separate code (BBF.ML.AA), so this single ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the additional IOL implantation component." }] }, { "code" : "439246003", "display" : "Phalangectomy of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated phalanx-of-toe code; the closest code covers total excision of any bone of the foot or toe, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies removal of a toe phalanx specifically." }] }, { "code" : "405784000", "display" : "Pharmacological assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated pharmacological assessment code in the clinical interventions sense; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest generic clinical assessment code, but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns evaluating pharmacological agents in relation to a patient." }] }, { "code" : "287416006", "display" : "Pharyngeal atresia correction", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to correction of pharyngeal atresia (a congenital anomaly); KAR.MK.AA is the closest structural match in the oropharynx block and would encompass this corrective repair, but it is broader as it covers any repair of the oral pharynx regardless of aetiology or anatomical subtype." }] }, { "code" : "172946000", "display" : "Pharyngoplasty using posterior pharyngeal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the oral pharynx in general, which encompasses pharyngoplasty using a posterior pharyngeal flap as one technique; however, ICHI does not distinguish flap-based reconstruction from other reconstructive approaches, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "59196003", "display" : "Pharyngoplasty with silastic implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for silastic (silicone) implant-based pharyngoplasty, but ICHI provides no separate code for implant-augmented reconstruction versus flap-based or other reconstructive techniques, making the match broader and inexact." }] }, { "code" : "119876009", "display" : "Pharynx closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for pharyngeal closure/suture, as the MK action axis represents repair; however, it is broader because ICHI does not have a specific \"closure\" code, and the oropharynx target may not capture all pharyngeal sub-sites." }] }, { "code" : "107923001", "display" : "Pharynx destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.GA.AA matches the destructive intent of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED term is a high-level grouper concept covering all pharyngeal destructive procedures (including nasopharynx and hypopharynx) while the ICHI code is scoped to the oropharynx only." }] }, { "code" : "50157002", "display" : "Phlebectomy with anastomosis of upper limb vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ICD", "display" : "Interventions on vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no category code for phlebectomy or vein excision with anastomosis of the upper limb; the closest is the organisational block covering all interventions on the upper limb vein. The block is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "73369001", "display" : "Phlebectomy with graft replacement of head and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "IBD.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of vein of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phlebectomy with graft replacement involves resection of a vein segment and its replacement, which constitutes a vascular reconstruction; IBD.ML.AA is the closest assignable category code, though it is broader as it does not specify the graft/replacement technique or the excision component." }] }, { "code" : "60993004", "display" : "Phlebectomy with graft replacement of upper limb vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ICD", "display" : "Interventions on vein of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Unlike the head-and-neck block, the upper limb vein block (ICD) contains no reconstruction or graft category code, so no assignable category fits; the block is the best available mapping and is broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "313075001", "display" : "Phobia counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phobia is a pathological fear response classified under emotional functions; AUD.PP.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for counselling targeting emotional functions, though it is broader as it does not specify phobia or fear specifically." }] }, { "code" : "704032000", "display" : "Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to PDE5 inhibitor therapy or any drug class at that level of granularity; the closest assignable code is \"Pharmacotherapy prescription,\" which covers prescribing of any drug and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept specifying a particular pharmacological class." }] }, { "code" : "437201000124101", "display" : "Phosphorus modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a phosphorus-restricted or phosphorus-modified diet specifically; \"Prescription of food\" (UAB.TI.ZZ), situated under Interventions on food, is the closest match but covers any therapeutic dietary prescription, making it broader than this mineral-specific dietary intervention." }] }, { "code" : "29722002", "display" : "Photochemotherapy with petrolatum and ultraviolet B", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish photochemotherapy from phototherapy, nor does it differentiate UVB from other phototherapy modalities or specify the use of petrolatum; LZZ.SC.AH is the best fit as a residual skin phototherapy code, but it is broader than this specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "22638002", "display" : "Photochemotherapy with tar and petrolatum", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not capture the specific agents (coal tar and petrolatum) used in this photochemotherapy regimen; LZZ.SC.AH is the best available code for skin phototherapy interventions not classified elsewhere, but remains broader than this named technique." }] }, { "code" : "35137007", "display" : "Photocoagulation of ciliary body", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of ciliary body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBD.GA.AH covers destruction of a lesion of the ciliary body by any means, while the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation (laser) as the technique. ICHI has no means code that narrows the destruction to photocoagulation specifically, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "76458006", "display" : "Photocoagulation of iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBC.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of iris", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBC.GA.AH captures destruction of a lesion of the iris regardless of technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation as the modality. No means code in ICHI narrows this to laser/photocoagulation, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "231762005", "display" : "Photocoagulation to retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.GA.AA represents destruction of the retina by any modality, while the SNOMED concept specifies photocoagulation as the technique. ICHI does not have a dedicated photocoagulation means code for this target, so the ICHI code is broader in both technique and scope." }] }, { "code" : "473279002", "display" : "Photodynamic therapy of chorioretinal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.AH matches the target (chorioretinal lesion) and the destructive intent of photodynamic therapy exactly, but the ICHI code encompasses any destruction technique rather than specifying photodynamic therapy (light-activated drug), making it broader in means." }] }, { "code" : "1367896002", "display" : "Photodynamic therapy of lesion of cornea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of corneal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBB.GA.AH correctly targets the corneal lesion and captures the destructive nature of photodynamic therapy, but covers all destruction modalities rather than the photodynamic technique specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444247007", "display" : "Photodynamic therapy of neovascular membrane of choroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment, which encompasses PDT of choroidal neovascular membranes, but the ICHI code does not specify the photodynamic modality or the neovascular membrane target type. The SNOMED concept is more specific in both means (PDT) and exact anatomical target." }] }, { "code" : "428604001", "display" : "Photodynamic therapy of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SC.AH captures phototherapy to skin (NEC), which includes PDT as a subtype of phototherapeutic intervention; however, the ICHI code does not distinguish PDT (which requires a photosensitising agent activated by light) from other phototherapy modalities such as narrowband UVB. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428822001", "display" : "Photodynamic therapy of subretinal lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of chorioretinal lesion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCA.GA.AH is the closest available ICHI code, covering destruction of chorioretinal lesions in the posterior segment, which anatomically encompasses subretinal lesions treated by PDT. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the subretinal location, the neovascular or other lesion nature, or the photodynamic means." }] }, { "code" : "722470001", "display" : "Phototherapy of neonate using ultraviolet light", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SC.AH \"Whole body phototherapy\" directly corresponds to neonatal phototherapy, which is classically administered as whole-body exposure; however, the ICHI code does not specify the neonatal population, the UV/blue-light wavelength, or the clinical indication (hyperbilirubinaemia), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67057001", "display" : "Phrenicectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phrenicectomy is surgical excision specifically of the phrenic nerve, while ICHI has no phrenic-nerve-specific code and ACA.JK.AA covers excision of any peripheral nerve. The ICHI code is anatomically broader (any peripheral nerve vs. the phrenic nerve specifically)." }] }, { "code" : "58378005", "display" : "Phrenicotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phrenicotomy is incision (cutting) of the phrenic nerve specifically; ICHI's ACA.FA.AA covers incision of any peripheral nerve with no phrenic-specific code available, making it broader by target anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "51460005", "display" : "Phrenoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phrenoplasty refers to a reconstructive/plastic repair of the diaphragm; MCX.MK.AA (repair of diaphragm) is the closest available ICHI code and captures the same target organ and surgical intent, though MCX.ML.AA (repair with graft/prosthesis) may be more specific in some phrenoplasty cases — the plain repair code is selected as the broader but most consistently applicable match." }] }, { "code" : "18275006", "display" : "Physiatric manipulation of sacroiliac region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of joint of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers manipulation of any joint in the pelvic region, which includes the sacroiliac joint, but is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it does not specify the sacroiliac joint specifically, and it does not capture the physiatric specialty qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "243071004", "display" : "Physical abuse counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for abuse counselling or violence-related counselling; the closest available code is the residual whole-person counselling NEC category, which is semantically broader because it captures any counselling intervention not classified elsewhere, without encoding the specific context of physical abuse." }] }, { "code" : "410185002", "display" : "Physical evaluation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physical evaluation assessment\" in SNOMED denotes a general clinical evaluation of a patient's physical status; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest ICHI match but is slightly broader because it encompasses all dimensions of health (not only physical)." }] }, { "code" : "410187005", "display" : "Physical evaluation management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physical evaluation management\" denotes the clinical process of evaluating a patient's overall physical status, which aligns most closely with general health assessment (PZB.AA.ZZ) in the whole-person intervention block. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any general health assessment, not specifically the management dimension implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410184003", "display" : "Physical examination management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physical examination management\" in SNOMED refers to the broader clinical activity of conducting and overseeing a physical examination, and PZA.AE.AH — physical examination of whole body — is the best ICHI approximation. The ICHI code is wider because it is restricted to whole-body scope whereas the SNOMED concept can apply to any scope." }] }, { "code" : "116328000", "display" : "Physical examination maneuver related to cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cervical spine block contains no assessment or examination code — only imaging, surgical, and manipulative interventions — so there is no cervical-spine-specific physical examination code in ICHI. PZX.AE.AH is the best available code, but it is broader because it covers physical examination of any body site and does not reflect the specificity of a cervical spine examination maneuver." }] }, { "code" : "116319001", "display" : "Physical examination maneuver related to lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated physical examination or assessment code for the lower extremity; the musculoskeletal lower-limb blocks contain only therapeutic, manipulative, and imaging interventions. PZX.AE.AH is the only applicable examination code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specific to lower-extremity examination maneuvers." }] }, { "code" : "116332006", "display" : "Physical examination maneuver related to the spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.AA.AH covers assessment of the vertebral column (unspecified site) using a manual/physical approach, which is the closest structural match to a physical examination maneuver on the spine. It is slightly broader because \"assessment\" in ICHI encompasses any evaluative method, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a physical examination maneuver (hands-on clinical test)." }] }, { "code" : "108305003", "display" : "Physical rehabilitation therapy procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4691 is an ICHI extension code used to flag an intervention as rehabilitative in nature, which covers the general concept of physical rehabilitation, but it is an extension code rather than a standalone procedure category and encompasses habilitation as well, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252507009", "display" : "Physical urticaria test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Provocation test, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Physical urticaria testing involves physically provoking a urticaria response (e.g., via cold, heat, pressure, dermographism), which is a form of provocation testing; PZA.AC.ZZ is the residual provocation test code for the whole body and is broader because it covers all types of physical or other provocation tests not classified elsewhere." }] }, { "code" : "410140003", "display" : "Physician contact assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physician contact assessment\" in SNOMED denotes the evaluative component of a physician encounter; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole person) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it encompasses any general health assessment regardless of who performs it or the encounter type." }] }, { "code" : "64777005", "display" : "Physiologic measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Whole body measurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physiologic measurement\" is a broad SNOMED concept for measuring any body function or parameter; ICHI's closest non-specific match is \"Whole body measurement\" (PZA.AB.ZZ), but this ICHI code is itself broad and implies a physical body-metric scope rather than purely functional/physiologic measures, making it wider than the SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "229400006", "display" : "Physiological mobilization of the foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe, which is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the foot (rather than toe joints); it is nonetheless the best available ICHI match for passive physiological mobilisation of foot joints." }] }, { "code" : "282835008", "display" : "Physiological mobilization of the sacroiliac joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joints of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacroiliac joint is a joint of the pelvic region, and MKJ.PB.AH is the most specific mobilisation code available — no sacroiliac-specific mobilisation code exists in ICHI. The ICHI code covers all pelvic region joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229429008", "display" : "Physiological mobilization of the temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No TMJ-specific mobilisation code exists in ICHI; MAJ.PB.AH covers mobilisation of any joint of the head or neck, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. The temporomandibular joint sits under the head/neck joint block, so this is the best available mapping." }] }, { "code" : "58452000", "display" : "Physiotherapy training", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"physiotherapy training\" code; MU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, NEC) captures a core physiotherapy training activity but is limited to muscle function. The NEC qualifier makes it act as a catch-all, which is the best available approximation for the broad SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1332281007", "display" : "Piggy-back liver transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.KD.AA", "display" : "Liver transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only one liver transplant category with no sub-codes distinguishing surgical technique variants; the piggy-back technique (caval-sparing orthotopic transplant retaining the recipient's IVC) is a specific approach not differentiated within ICHI, so the single \"Liver transplant\" code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "787127007", "display" : "Pinch biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pinch biopsy is a specific small-fragment surface biopsy technique used on skin; LZZ.AD.AE is the NEC residual code for percutaneous skin biopsy when no more specific site code applies, making it wider than the SNOMED concept since it does not encode the pinch/forceps technique." }] }, { "code" : "234848009", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic archwire", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to the teeth, which includes orthodontic archwires as a subset. ICHI has no more specific code for archwire placement, so this broader dental device application code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "234849001", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic archwire auxiliary", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An archwire auxiliary (such as a torquing auxiliary or auxiliary spring) is a supplementary orthodontic dental device, and KAE.LC.AC is the only ICHI code encompassing application of dental devices — broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234843000", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic band", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device on teeth, which encompasses orthodontic band placement but does not distinguish band type or the orthodontic context. ICHI does not have a code specific to orthodontic bands." }] }, { "code" : "234844006", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic bracket", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC captures the generic act of applying a dental device to teeth, which semantically covers orthodontic bracket placement, but the ICHI code does not distinguish bracket type or orthodontic purpose." }] }, { "code" : "234850001", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic coil spring", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placement of an orthodontic coil spring is a specific instance of applying a dental device, which KAE.LC.AC represents at a broader level. ICHI does not distinguish individual orthodontic component types such as coil springs." }] }, { "code" : "234852009", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic elastic chain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers application of any dental device to teeth, which subsumes the placement of an orthodontic elastic chain. ICHI does not exist at the granularity of individual orthodontic ligature or chain types." }] }, { "code" : "234851002", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic elastic thread", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Placement of an orthodontic elastic thread is a specific sub-type of dental device application, captured generically by KAE.LC.AC. ICHI does not differentiate between the various types of orthodontic auxiliary components." }] }, { "code" : "234845007", "display" : "Placement of orthodontic lip bumper", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.LC.AC covers the application of any dental device to the teeth, which encompasses the placement of an orthodontic lip bumper; it does not specify appliance type. KAE.SM.AC (\"Management of external appliance\") describes ongoing management, making KAE.LC.AC the better fit for placement." }] }, { "code" : "870532007", "display" : "Placement of speaking valve on tracheostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTC.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated block for interventions on an artificial tracheostomy body structure (PTC), and PTC.SN.AC is the closest available code covering management activities; however, it does not specifically capture the attachment of a one-way speaking valve, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "448785002", "display" : "Placement of stent at site of coarctation of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.LH.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Coarctation of the aorta is anatomically located at or near the aortic arch, and percutaneous stent placement is the standard interventional technique. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses any stent insertion into the aortic arch, not specifically at a coarctation site." }] }, { "code" : "225994009", "display" : "Placing patient in comfortable position", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.LD.ZZ covers positioning of the whole body without specifying the type or goal of positioning, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifically describes a comfort-oriented positioning intervention. No more specific code for therapeutic comfort positioning exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "431182000", "display" : "Placing subject in prone position", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.LD.ZZ is the only whole-body positioning category in ICHI and does not distinguish between specific body positions (prone, supine, lateral, etc.), so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies prone positioning." }] }, { "code" : "711307001", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided colonoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.AE.AD", "display" : "Colonoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's Colonoscopy code (target = colon, action = assessment, means = endoscopic) captures the procedure but does not encode the plain X-ray guidance qualifier; the ICHI code is therefore broader. The X-ray guidance could be appended as extension code XG2RR6." }] }, { "code" : "736675009", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided implantation of neurostimulator into sphenopalatine ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of cranial nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion is part of the cranial nerve system, and a neurostimulator is a type of cranial nerve device, so AAN.DL.AA is the closest anatomically coherent ICHI code. It is substantially broader as it covers any cranial nerve device insertion by open approach." }] }, { "code" : "1111411000000107", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures percutaneous device insertion into the breast, which matches the procedural nature of inserting a magnetic marker; however, it does not specify the device type, the imaging guidance modality, or the laterality. Laterality could be appended via ICHI extension code XCA4 (left side)." }] }, { "code" : "1111421000000101", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE correctly identifies percutaneous device insertion into the breast but does not encode the magnetic marker device type, plain X-ray guidance, or right-side laterality that SNOMED specifies; right laterality could be noted via ICHI extension code XCA3." }] }, { "code" : "711422005", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided intravenous pyelogram", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.BA.BB", "display" : "Pyelogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAB.BA.BB \"Pyelogram\" covers the renal pelvis imaging procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the intravenous contrast route and plain X-ray fluoroscopic guidance. ICHI does not distinguish IV from retrograde pyelography or encode the guidance modality at this code level." }] }, { "code" : "428907005", "display" : "Plain X-ray guided wire localization of breast lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ICHI code exists for wire/needle localisation of a breast lesion; LCA.DL.AE is the closest structural match, as wire localisation is a percutaneous device insertion. The code does not capture the lesion-targeting purpose or the plain X-ray guidance." }] }, { "code" : "811661000000104", "display" : "Plain X-ray mobile image intensifier guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removal of calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JE.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous extraction of calculus of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JE.AE captures the core procedure (percutaneous kidney stone removal = PCNL), but the ICHI code does not specify the X-ray fluoroscopic (image intensifier) guidance method, making it broader than the highly specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1295278008", "display" : "Plain X-ray of adenoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAM.BA.BA", "display" : "Noncontrast x-ray of nasopharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for plain X-ray of the adenoid; the adenoid (DAB) block contains no imaging children. JAM.BA.BA is the closest anatomical match since the adenoids are located in the nasopharynx, but the target is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1290935005", "display" : "Plain X-ray pelvimetry", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.BA.BA covers X-ray of the pelvis as a whole, which is the correct modality and target, but it does not capture the specific purpose of pelvimetry (measuring pelvic dimensions for obstetric planning). The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "391041001", "display" : "Planned mental health assessment - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ is the broadest available ICHI code for assessing mental functions and captures the core clinical act, but the SNOMED concept adds administrative/intensity dimensions (24-hour, non-intensive, planned) that ICHI does not encode at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "391042008", "display" : "Planned mental health assessment - Full day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AA.ZZ covers the core clinical act of assessing mental functions, but the service-delivery context (full-day day care setting, planned) is an administrative qualifier that lies outside ICHI's coding scope." }] }, { "code" : "391043003", "display" : "Planned mental health assessment - Part day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The clinical act maps to AS1.AA.ZZ, while the part-day day care service intensity distinction is an administrative attribute that ICHI does not differentiate at the code level." }] }, { "code" : "225289001", "display" : "Planning structured activities", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for planning structured activities; PZB.TB.ZZ \"Individualised planning\" (whole-person level) is the closest match, but it is broader, encompassing any individualised care planning rather than being restricted to structuring activities for a person." }] }, { "code" : "178051003", "display" : "Plantar fasciectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOL.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOL.JJ.AA covers excision of ligament or fascia anywhere in the foot or toe and is not restricted to the plantar fascia, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies plantar fasciectomy (excision of the plantar fascia specifically)." }] }, { "code" : "408593002", "display" : "Plasma plasminogen antigen level", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plasminogen is a fibrinolytic protein in the haematological system, and measuring its antigen level is a specific haematological laboratory test. No ICHI code exists for plasminogen-specific assays, so this broad haematological system test code is the closest available category; the ICHI code is considerably wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "271033005", "display" : "Plasma volume measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plasma volume is a haematological parameter, and measuring it falls within the functional scope of the haematological system. No ICHI code specific to plasma or blood volume measurement exists; this block-level measurement code is the best available fit but is considerably broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "20720000", "display" : "Plasmapheresis", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JC.AF", "display" : "Therapeutic apheresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plasmapheresis is a specific type of therapeutic apheresis in which plasma is selectively removed from blood; the ICHI code covers all apheresis modalities (plasma, platelet, leukocyte, etc.), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to plasma removal." }] }, { "code" : "127794004", "display" : "Plasminogen activator inhibitor, chromogenic assay", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A chromogenic assay for plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1/PAI-2) is a specific functional test of the fibrinolytic component of the haematological system. ICHI has no codes for chromogenic or specific coagulation/fibrinolysis assays, so this generic haematological system test is the broadest plausible fit." }] }, { "code" : "176552009", "display" : "Plastibell circumcision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated circumcision or foreskin excision code — the closest assignable code is \"Partial excision of penis\" (NGM.JJ.AA), which captures the tissue removal but is broader, covering any partial penile excision rather than specifically the prepuce." }] }, { "code" : "186687008", "display" : "Plastic operation on fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a generic \"plastic operation on fascia\" or unspecified-site fascia reconstruction code; fascia codes exist only for specific body regions. MRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site) is the closest applicable code but is broader, encompassing all soft tissue rather than fascia specifically." }] }, { "code" : "33580007", "display" : "Plastic operation on muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/plastic intent on muscle at an unspecified site, which closely aligns with the SNOMED concept; however, \"plastic operation on muscle\" could encompass repair, reconstruction, or grafting, making the ICHI code slightly wider in framing." }] }, { "code" : "772772006", "display" : "Plastic operation on palatopharyngeal sphincter with reconstruction using pharyngeal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.ML.AA captures the pharyngeal reconstruction component but does not encode the specificity of a palatopharyngeal sphincter target, the pharyngeal flap technique, or the velopharyngeal functional intent." }] }, { "code" : "698856008", "display" : "Plastic operation on salivary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.MK.AA covers repair of both salivary gland and salivary duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted specifically to the duct. No duct-only repair code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "698857004", "display" : "Plastic operation on salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.MK.AA covers repair of salivary gland or duct as a combined target, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to the gland alone. No gland-only repair code exists." }] }, { "code" : "386668000", "display" : "Plastic repair of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.MK.AC captures repair of the oral cavity as a general residual code, which aligns well with \"plastic repair of mouth.\" It is slightly broader as an NEC category that also captures other unspecified oral cavity repairs." }] }, { "code" : "174588001", "display" : "Plastic repair of sphincter of Oddi using duodenal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bile ducts", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for sphincteroplasty of the sphincter of Oddi; the closest category is reconstruction of bile ducts (KCM.ML.AA), which covers plastic/reconstructive work on the biliary tract but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity." }] }, { "code" : "840595002", "display" : "Platelet aggregation inhibitor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to antiplatelet (platelet aggregation inhibitor) therapy; the best available code captures drug administration to the whole body but is substantially broader — it applies to any pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class or indication." }] }, { "code" : "76075007", "display" : "Play therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Play therapy is a structured psychotherapeutic approach used primarily with children; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy modality but is broader, as it does not specify the play-based technique or the paediatric population context." }] }, { "code" : "79107000", "display" : "Pleating of sclera for buckling", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reinforcement of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scleral buckling by pleating is a technique that mechanically reinforces and indents the sclera to support retinal reattachment; ICHI's \"Reinforcement of sclera\" captures the structural intent but is broader, encompassing all reinforcement methods." }] }, { "code" : "7732003", "display" : "Pleoptic training with continuing medical direction and evaluation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pleoptics is a specialised form of visual function training (typically for amblyopia) and maps well to \"Training of seeing functions\"; the ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the continuing medical direction and evaluation qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "359969002", "display" : "Pleural abrasion", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Pleurodesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pleural abrasion is a specific mechanical technique for achieving pleurodesis — it is one defined method among several (chemical, surgical, mechanical abrasion) — so \"Pleurodesis\" is the correct ICHI category but is wider than the specific abrasion technique." }] }, { "code" : "287317001", "display" : "Pleural cavity obliteration", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AA", "display" : "Pleurodesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pleurodesis is the standard procedure used to achieve pleural cavity obliteration; \"Pleural cavity obliteration\" is a broader outcome/concept that can encompass any technique causing adhesion of pleural surfaces, while ICHI's pleurodesis is a specific intervention type." }] }, { "code" : "359972009", "display" : "Pleural poudrage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic pleurodesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pleural poudrage is a specific technique of pleurodesis in which powdered talc or other sclerosant is insufflated into the pleural cavity, almost always via thoracoscopy. JCA.GA.AB is the closest ICHI code but encompasses all thoracoscopic pleurodesis methods." }] }, { "code" : "37364004", "display" : "Plication of annulus of heart valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific plication-of-annulus (annuloplasty) code for heart valves; valve-specific repair codes would be narrower than the SNOMED concept which does not specify a valve. The block \"Interventions on heart valves\" is the broadest reasonable fit." }] }, { "code" : "1217362001", "display" : "Plication of anterior rectus sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for plication of the rectus sheath; PAL.MK.AA \"Repair of abdominal wall\" is the closest structural match, as plication of the anterior rectus sheath is a technique used to repair/tighten the anterior abdominal wall." }] }, { "code" : "232823005", "display" : "Plication of aortic valve cusp", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated plication code for aortic valve cusps; HDE.MK.AA \"Repair of aortic valve\" is the best available match since cusp plication is a cusp-preserving repair technique of the aortic valve." }] }, { "code" : "81913003", "display" : "Plication of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated diaphragm plication code; MCX.MK.AA \"Repair of diaphragm\" is the best available match since diaphragmatic plication (folding and suturing a paralysed or eventrated diaphragm) is a form of diaphragm repair." }] }, { "code" : "450873006", "display" : "Plication of emphysematous bleb of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.LL.AA", "display" : "Lung volume reduction surgery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plication of an emphysematous bleb is a specific lung volume reduction technique targeting bullae/blebs, whereas JBF.LL.AA covers all forms of lung volume reduction surgery. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses multiple techniques beyond bleb plication." }] }, { "code" : "1237276005", "display" : "Plication of external oblique aponeurosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The external oblique aponeurosis is a component of the anterior abdominal wall, and plication of it is a structural repair technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. PAL.MK.AA is broader as it covers any repair of the abdominal wall regardless of specific layer or technique." }] }, { "code" : "14923004", "display" : "Plication of fascia of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plication of the fascia of the hand is a form of fascial repair; MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger by any technique, so the ICHI code is broader as it includes all repair methods and ligaments, not just fascia." }] }, { "code" : "41436002", "display" : "Plication of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Plication of the intestine (Noble plication) is most commonly performed on the small intestine and constitutes a form of intestinal repair; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any repair technique of the small intestine and does not distinguish large from small intestine plication." }] }, { "code" : "175931001", "display" : "Plication of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"plication of kidney\" code; plication is a folding/suturing technique used to reduce kidney size or correct ptosis, which falls within the broader concept of kidney repair (NAA.MK.AA). The ICHI code is wider as it covers any repair technique on the kidney, not just plication." }] }, { "code" : "1844002", "display" : "Plication of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"plication of ligament\" code and no ligament repair code at an unspecified body site; plication is a tightening/shortening technique that constitutes a form of repair, and MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code given that ligament region-specific repair codes are too anatomically specific for this non-site-specified SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1217364000", "display" : "Plication of linea alba", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The linea alba is the fibrous structure of the anterior abdominal wall, and plication of it (commonly performed for diastasis recti) is a repair technique on the abdominal wall; PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall broadly and is wider than the specific plication of a named abdominal fascial structure." }] }, { "code" : "448246005", "display" : "Plication of medial patellar retinaculum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMP.LC.AA", "display" : "Patellar stabilisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the medial patellar retinaculum; \"Patellar stabilisation\" (MMP.LC.AA) is the closest code, covering the functional goal of retinacula plication — but it is broader as it encompasses all patellar stabilisation techniques and does not specify the medial retinaculum as the target structure." }] }, { "code" : "1217365004", "display" : "Plication of rectus abdominis muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no muscle-specific plication code for the rectus abdominis; \"Repair of abdominal wall\" (PAL.MK.AA) is the best fitting code since rectus plication is performed as part of abdominal wall repair (e.g. diastasis recti correction), but the ICHI code is broader as it covers the full abdominal wall rather than the specific muscle." }] }, { "code" : "57632009", "display" : "Plication of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LL.AA", "display" : "Gastroplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastroplasty is the broader ICHI concept encompassing surgical reshaping of the stomach, which includes gastric plication as one technique; ICHI contains no more specific code dedicated to stomach plication, so KBF.LL.AA is the best available match even though it covers a wider set of stomach-reshaping procedures." }] }, { "code" : "231766008", "display" : "Pneumatic retinopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pneumatic retinopexy (intravitreal gas injection to tamponade a detached retina) is a specific technique for retinal repair; BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the best matching ICHI code but is broader, encompassing all retinal repair methods without specifying the pneumatic approach." }] }, { "code" : "75786008", "display" : "Politzerization", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBH.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of eustachian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Politzerization is a specific technique for inflating the eustachian tube using a Politzer bag and the Valsalva/swallowing manoeuvre; ICHI's closest code covers dilatation of the eustachian tube generally without specifying the Politzer technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "89606003", "display" : "Politzerization of eustachian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBH.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of eustachian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept is the anatomically explicit form of politzerization, naming the eustachian tube directly; the same ICHI code applies for the same reason — dilatation of the eustachian tube is the correct functional category but does not encode the Politzer-specific technique, so the ICHI code remains broader." }] }, { "code" : "169344005", "display" : "Polycythemia irradiation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.GA.BA", "display" : "Total body irradiation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Polycythemia irradiation is a targeted therapeutic radiation treatment used to suppress the overactive bone marrow in polycythemia vera, historically delivered as total or splenic irradiation; PZA.GA.BA (Total body irradiation) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the haematological indication or a targeted splenic field." }] }, { "code" : "404186002", "display" : "Polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PCR for Epstein-Barr virus is a specific viral NAAT, which falls squarely within the scope of XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all viral targets rather than EBV specifically." }] }, { "code" : "439412001", "display" : "Polymerase chain reaction test for adenovirus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PCR for adenovirus is a specific viral NAAT, semantically contained within XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test), which is the closest available ICHI code; the mapping is wider because ICHI does not distinguish adenovirus-specific assays from other viral amplification tests." }] }, { "code" : "440202003", "display" : "Polymerase chain reaction test for human Bocavirus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4U02", "display" : "Viral nucleic acid amplification test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Human Bocavirus is a parvovirus detected by PCR, a viral nucleic acid amplification test that maps to XG4U02; the ICHI code is wider as it does not distinguish Bocavirus from other viral targets, and no more specific code exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "399143002", "display" : "Polymerase chain reaction test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG7T46", "display" : "Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG7T46 covers qualitative testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (matching the target organism and qualitative/detection nature of a PCR test), but the ICHI code is broader in two dimensions: it bundles Chlamydia trachomatis together with gonorrhoeae, and it does not specify PCR as the method, encompassing any qualitative detection technique." }] }, { "code" : "436881000124109", "display" : "Polyunsaturated fat modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI code representing an intervention that alters the content or composition of food, which aligns conceptually with prescribing a fat-modified diet; however, it is substantially broader, covering any food modification at a population or environmental level and not specifying a clinical dietary prescription targeting polyunsaturated fat content for an individual patient." }] }, { "code" : "1230043004", "display" : "Positioning of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of a part of the body, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically about positioning the head (a specific body part), while PZX.LD.ZZ covers positioning of any body part not classified elsewhere. It is the closest available ICHI category but is broader, as it is not head-specific." }] }, { "code" : "1230216003", "display" : "Positioning of subject in nest position", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nest position is a whole-body positioning technique (commonly used for neonates), and PZA.LD.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering whole-body positioning; however, it does not specify the nest position technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1230107007", "display" : "Positioning subject for food and drink intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Positioning a subject for eating and drinking is a whole-body positional intervention (e.g., sitting upright); PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers whole-body positioning, but it does not capture the purpose-specific context of facilitating food and drink intake." }] }, { "code" : "1230179009", "display" : "Positioning subject in lateral position", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lateral positioning is a specific whole-body position (used in clinical care and surgery); PZA.LD.ZZ covers whole-body positioning but does not distinguish the lateral technique, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "444679006", "display" : "Positioning subject in recovery position", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The recovery position is a specific lateral whole-body positioning manoeuvre used in first aid and post-procedural care; PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available ICHI match for whole-body positioning, but it is broader as ICHI has no code specific to the recovery position technique." }] }, { "code" : "1230204009", "display" : "Positioning subject in sitting position", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHA.RA.ZZ covers the act of physically moving/changing a person's body position, which encompasses placing a subject into a sitting position. ICHI does not distinguish specific target positions (sitting, supine, upright), so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifies sitting as the target position." }] }, { "code" : "1230176002", "display" : "Positioning subject in supine position", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHA.RA.ZZ captures the action of physically performing a body position change, which includes placing a subject supine, but ICHI does not encode the specific target posture (supine vs. any other), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1230111001", "display" : "Positioning subject seated upright with spine straight", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is the most specific of the three positioning manoeuvres (seated, upright, with spinal alignment), yet ICHI's SHA.RA.ZZ only encodes the act of changing body position without any specificity for the resulting posture or spinal alignment, making it considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "764709003", "display" : "Positron emission tomography using methionine C-11", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BG", "display" : "Positron emission tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code encoding the specific radiopharmaceutical tracer (methionine C-11); the closest available code is whole-body PET (PZA.BA.BG), which is broader because it does not specify the tracer or anatomical focus implied by methionine C-11 use (typically brain/oncology)." }] }, { "code" : "699586000", "display" : "Positron emission tomography with computed tomography of liver using yttrium 90 microspheres", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code for nuclear medicine imaging of the liver using a radioisotope, but it does not capture the combined PET/CT modality, the specific yttrium-90 microsphere agent, or the therapeutic/dosimetric intent that distinguishes SIRT from a diagnostic scan. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any liver radioisotope scan rather than this specific PET-CT procedure." }] }, { "code" : "427206005", "display" : "Post fall assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a fall-specific assessment or post-injury assessment; the closest available code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which is considerably wider, as it does not convey the fall context or the specific clinical focus on fall-related injury, cognition, and recurrence risk." }] }, { "code" : "395184006", "display" : "Post miscarriage counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for pregnancy functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.RC.ZZ is the best available match within the pregnancy functions block, covering emotional support in the context of pregnancy-related conditions, which aligns with the supportive/counseling nature of post-miscarriage care. However, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any emotional support for pregnancy functions rather than counseling specifically following pregnancy loss." }] }, { "code" : "128971008", "display" : "Post volume challenge", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A \"post volume challenge\" is a hemodynamic assessment performed after administering a fluid bolus to evaluate fluid responsiveness — a test of cardiovascular function. HT2.AC.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code as a catch-all test of cardiovascular system functions, but it is substantially wider, not capturing the specific fluid challenge methodology or the critical care context." }] }, { "code" : "228121008", "display" : "Post-adoption support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-adoption support is a specific form of social support service provided to families after child adoption, which falls within the broader ICHI category of providing general social support services. No adoption-specific code exists in ICHI, so this broader social support services code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "77000007", "display" : "Post-amputation rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-amputation rehabilitation is a clinically specific rehabilitation program following limb loss, while XG4691 is a high-level ICHI extension code covering rehabilitation and habilitation in general with no body-part or procedure-phase specificity. No amputation-specific or limb-loss rehabilitation code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available — but considerably broader — match." }] }, { "code" : "700504007", "display" : "Post-chemotherapy monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-chemotherapy monitoring involves systematic clinical and laboratory surveillance of a patient's health status after cytotoxic treatment, which is best represented in ICHI as a general health assessment; no chemotherapy-specific or oncology follow-up monitoring code exists. PZB.AA.ZZ is substantially broader, covering any whole-person health assessment rather than the disease-specific context of post-chemotherapy surveillance." }] }, { "code" : "409516001", "display" : "Post-exposure prophylaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consists of administering a course of medications (antiretrovirals, antivirals, or immunoglobulins) to prevent infection after a known or suspected exposure, which at its core is the act of providing medications; ICHI has no prophylaxis-specific or exposure-response code. UAC.RD.ZZ is broader, as it covers any provision of medications and does not capture the preventive, post-exposure-specific clinical intent of PEP." }] }, { "code" : "711126000", "display" : "Post-surgical assessment for risk of infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for surgical site infection risk assessment; the nearest general assessment code is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, under \"Interventions on whole person\"), which is broader than the specifically post-surgical, infection-focused assessment described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1370896004", "display" : "Posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord and fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — posterior spinal cord decompression plus cervical fusion — for which no single ICHI code exists; MBA.LE.AA captures the fusion component (typically the definitive part of the procedure) but omits the decompression of the spinal cord, making it broader in scope than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1366071006", "display" : "Posterior decompression of lumbar spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of spinal cord\" is the ICHI equivalent of spinal cord decompression, covering the same procedural action, but the code does not encode the lumbar level or posterior approach that are integral to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178780000", "display" : "Posterior exploration lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Posterior exploration of the lumbar spine accesses the spinal canal, and ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal) is the closest ICHI code; however, it does not specify the lumbar level or the posterior approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178779003", "display" : "Posterior exploration thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploration of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Exploration of spinal canal\" covers the entire spinal canal rather than specifically the thoracic region, and does not capture the posterior surgical approach; no dedicated thoracic spine exploration code exists in the MBG block. ABG.AE.AA is the closest functional match, but it is semantically broader." }] }, { "code" : "231578005", "display" : "Posterior fixation of medial canthal tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to canthal tendon fixation; the medial canthal tendon is an eyelid-anchoring structure, and \"Repair of eyelid\" (BAA.MK.AA) is the broadest applicable eyelid category that encompasses tendon reattachment/fixation procedures. The code does not capture the medial canthal tendon target, posterior approach, or fixation-specific action, making it significantly wider." }] }, { "code" : "235190009", "display" : "Posterior gastropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LC.AA", "display" : "Gastropexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Gastropexy\" directly describes fixation of the stomach, matching the core procedure, but the code does not distinguish posterior gastropexy from other variants (e.g., anterior), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231600006", "display" : "Posterior lamellar graft to lower eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Reconstruction of eyelid\" covers eyelid rebuilding procedures including lamellar grafts, but does not specify the posterior lamella, the lower eyelid, or the graft technique, making it substantially broader than the precise SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1340189006", "display" : "Posterior lamellar reconstruction of eyelid using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of eyelid\" is the appropriate ICHI category encompassing graft-based eyelid reconstruction, but the code is agnostic to the lamella targeted (posterior vs anterior) and the use of a graft specifically, making it wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311482001", "display" : "Posterior spinal instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's MBZ.DN.AA (implantation of device into spine, NEC) is the closest available code — it captures the concept of placing internal hardware into the spine, which is the essence of spinal instrumentation (e.g., rods, screws, plates). However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers any spinal device implantation regardless of approach, and does not specify the posterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "236990004", "display" : "Postmortem cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NME.JF.AA covers caesarean section delivery generally, but does not encode the postmortem qualifier that is the defining characteristic of this SNOMED concept (i.e., the procedure is performed on a deceased patient). No ICHI code specifically represents a perimortem or postmortem caesarean, so the standard caesarean section code is the best available match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1331915002", "display" : "Postmortem plain X-ray of entire body of stillborn infant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BA covers X-ray of the whole body, which matches the imaging modality and anatomical scope of this concept, but does not encode the postmortem context, the stillborn patient, or the \"plain\" (non-contrast) qualifier that distinguishes it from contrast X-ray. The SNOMED concept is more specific than the ICHI code in all three of those dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "384634009", "display" : "Postnatal maternal examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for a specifically postpartum or maternal examination; the closest is PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body), which captures the physical examination action on the whole person but is broader in that it applies to any patient at any time point rather than a postpartum mother specifically." }] }, { "code" : "169762003", "display" : "Postnatal visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated postnatal or postpartum encounter code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified) is the closest available code as it represents a general health care contact without specifying the clinical content, but it loses the postpartum timing and maternal context entirely." }] }, { "code" : "722502005", "display" : "Postoperative blood pressure measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITA.AB.AH precisely represents the action of measuring blood pressure (target ITA = blood pressure functions, action AB = measurement, means AH = sphygmomanometer/standard measurement), but does not encode the postoperative context that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a routine blood pressure check." }] }, { "code" : "1351718001", "display" : "Postoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.BA.BB", "display" : "Cholangiography with contrast medium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.BA.BB captures the core procedure (bile duct imaging with contrast) but is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the fluoroscopic means from other contrast cholangiography techniques, nor does it encode the postoperative timing qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "860602007", "display" : "Postpartum hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AA", "display" : "Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JK.AA is the broadest non-approach-specific total hysterectomy code under the uterus block, and postpartum hysterectomy is typically a total hysterectomy; however, ICHI does not encode the postpartum clinical context or obstetric indication, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169127002", "display" : "Potassium 40 whole body count", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Whole body measurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Potassium-40 whole body counting is a specialised nuclear medicine technique used to estimate lean body mass by detecting naturally-occurring gamma radiation, which falls under whole-body measurement; PZA.AB.ZZ is the only applicable code but is substantially broader, covering any whole-body measurement without specifying the isotope counting technique." }] }, { "code" : "252506000", "display" : "Potassium hydroxide skin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AC.AE", "display" : "Intradermal skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A potassium hydroxide (KOH) skin test is a specific intradermal diagnostic test, and LZZ.AC.AE covers any intradermal skin test without specifying the substance used. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to KOH as the testing agent." }] }, { "code" : "437211000124103", "display" : "Potassium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A potassium-modified diet is a clinician-directed dietary prescription adjusting a specific nutrient, which maps most closely to UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food); no ICHI code exists for dietary prescriptions specifying a particular mineral or electrolyte, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "702582004", "display" : "Pre-admission assessment for ambulatory surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pre-admission assessment for ambulatory surgery is a structured pre-operative health evaluation for a specific surgical context; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader, as ICHI has no code specific to pre-operative or pre-admission assessment settings." }] }, { "code" : "703120008", "display" : "Pre-admission assessment for major surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to pre-surgical or pre-admission assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the closest match but is broader, covering any general health assessment regardless of timing, context, or surgical intent." }] }, { "code" : "257882000", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using double dye method", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for pre-biopsy dye localization specifically; LCA.DB.AE (Percutaneous injection into breast) captures the essential procedural action — a percutaneous injection of a substance (dye) into the breast — but is considerably broader, lacking the lesion-localization purpose and the double-dye technique detail." }] }, { "code" : "257881007", "display" : "Pre-biopsy localization of breast lesion using spot method", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DB.AE (Percutaneous injection into breast) covers the physical act of injecting a substance into the breast, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the lesion-localization purpose, the pre-biopsy setting, and the spot (single-dye) technique — all of which are absent in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "225386006", "display" : "Pre-discharge assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment) is the best assignable category, but is broader — it does not carry the pre-discharge timing or the readiness-for-discharge purpose implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "275674000", "display" : "Pre-employment examin./reports", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated pre-employment medical examination code; PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body) captures the physical examination component but is broader, lacking the occupational/employment fitness-for-work context and the reporting element." }] }, { "code" : "397901004", "display" : "Pre-existing line accessed", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Maintaining intravenous access\" captures the act of using/sustaining an established venous line, which encompasses accessing a pre-existing line. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers all maintenance activities on intravenous access, not solely the discrete act of accessing an already-placed line." }] }, { "code" : "225327004", "display" : "Pre-termination counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for counselling in the context of a planned termination of pregnancy; \"Counselling, not elsewhere classified\" is the only available counselling code that spans any clinical topic not otherwise specified, making it a broad but related match." }] }, { "code" : "23381000175103", "display" : "Pre-visit planning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Individualised planning\" is a whole-person intervention covering person-centred care planning broadly, which subsumes pre-visit preparation, but the ICHI code is wider as it is not restricted to planning that occurs before a clinical encounter." }] }, { "code" : "250191001", "display" : "Precipitating antibody measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions broadly, which encompasses antibody measurement techniques including precipitin/immunodiffusion assays; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular type of antibody test (precipitation-based) rather than all immunological measurements." }] }, { "code" : "737360004", "display" : "Preconception counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Fertility counselling", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preconception counseling is a form of counseling focused on optimising health before conception, which is closely aligned with fertility counselling (NUD.PP.ZZ); ICHI is wider because fertility counselling encompasses a broader range of fertility-related issues beyond the preconception preparation focus of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225708008", "display" : "Precordial thump", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SC.AH", "display" : "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A precordial thump is a specific manual technique (a sharp blow to the chest) used to terminate ventricular arrhythmias; HFC.SC.AH is wider because it encompasses all methods of arrhythmia conversion (electrical cardioversion, pharmacological, etc.) rather than the specific mechanical precordial thump technique." }] }, { "code" : "15109006", "display" : "Prefabricated resin crown", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A prefabricated resin crown is a specific type of tooth restoration using a factory-made resin crown, which falls under tooth restoration (KAE.MK.AC); the ICHI code is wider because it covers all forms of tooth restoration, while the SNOMED concept specifies the material (resin) and fabrication method (prefabricated)." }] }, { "code" : "81217006", "display" : "Prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A prefabricated stainless steel crown with resin window is a specific type of tooth restoration; KAE.MK.AC is the best assignable ICHI code, and it is wider because it covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, fabrication method, or the combination of metallic and nonmetallic components." }] }, { "code" : "171055003", "display" : "Pregnancy smoking education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting tobacco use behaviours broadly, which encompasses the smoking education component of this concept, but it does not capture the pregnancy-specific context. No ICHI code combines tobacco education with a pregnancy-specific target." }] }, { "code" : "312891008", "display" : "Pregnancy-related examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ covers assessment of functions related to pregnancy, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a pregnancy-related examination; however, ICHI frames this as assessment of physiological functions rather than a clinical examination, making the ICHI code somewhat wider in functional scope." }] }, { "code" : "48674006", "display" : "Premedication for anesthetic procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for premedication in the context of anaesthesia preparation; PZA.DB.AZ (administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest match as it covers the act of administering a drug, but it is broader — it does not encode the pre-anaesthetic purpose or the preparatory clinical context of premedication." }] }, { "code" : "18114009", "display" : "Prenatal examination and care of mother", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUE.AA.ZZ represents assessment of pregnancy-related functions and is the best available ICHI code for the examination component, but it does not capture the full breadth of \"care of mother\" (which includes monitoring, education, emotional support, and other ongoing antenatal care activities)." }] }, { "code" : "424619006", "display" : "Prenatal visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A prenatal visit is primarily an assessment encounter during pregnancy, and NUE.AA.ZZ captures assessment of pregnancy-related functions within the correct genitourinary/reproductive block. However, the ICHI code is broader because a prenatal visit encompasses multiple activities (monitoring, education, examination) beyond assessment alone." }] }, { "code" : "38883000", "display" : "Preoperative disinfection of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preoperative skin disinfection involves external application of an antiseptic substance to the skin, which LZZ.DB.AH captures structurally; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external application of any substance to skin anywhere on the body and does not specify the antiseptic or preoperative context." }] }, { "code" : "787375008", "display" : "Preparation of large size formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Histopathology\" (XG30Q5) is an extension code covering the broad discipline of histopathological examination, while the SNOMED concept refers to a very specific laboratory specimen-preparation technique (FFPE large block); no more granular ICHI code for specimen processing or paraffin embedding exists." }] }, { "code" : "787372006", "display" : "Preparation of large slide from specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Preparing a large (macro) histology slide from a specimen is a sub-step within histopathological laboratory workflow; ICHI offers no code for this specific slide-cutting or mounting technique, so the parent \"Histopathology\" extension code is the best available approximation, though it is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "53377003", "display" : "Preparation of skin window", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SI.ZZ", "display" : "Preparation of skin", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.SI.ZZ is the only ICHI code that captures skin preparation and is the closest structural match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically refers to creating a skin window (a small area of epidermis removed or abraded to allow transcutaneous fluid or lymphatic sampling)." }] }, { "code" : "265152006", "display" : "Prepared graft of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JH.AA", "display" : "Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to preparing/processing a bone graft, while ICHI's closest match — procurement of bone for graft — encompasses the harvesting and preparation of bone graft material from an unspecified site, making it broader but the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "309875000", "display" : "Prepucial skin flap reconstruction of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Reconstruction of urethra\" captures the target (urethra) and the action (reconstruction) but does not encode the specific technique of using a prepucial (foreskin) skin flap as the means; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tissue source and method." }] }, { "code" : "44850001", "display" : "Presacral sympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADE.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of sacral sympathetic nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The presacral nerve (superior hypogastric plexus) is anatomically a sacral sympathetic structure, and total excision via an open approach best represents sympathectomy; however, ICHI's sacral sympathetic nerve target does not distinguish the presacral plexus specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "415170005", "display" : "Presbyopic refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers lens extraction (BBF.JK.AA) and separately intraocular lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA), but no single ICHI code encodes both steps together as a combined procedure; the extraction code is the dominant surgical act but the IOL implantation component and the presbyopic/refractive indication are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "870360005", "display" : "Prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.TI.ZZ covers pharmacotherapy prescription generically across any site and any drug class; it captures the act of prescribing but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is specifically limited to antibiotic agents given for prophylactic purposes." }] }, { "code" : "703142009", "display" : "Prescription of contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for prescribing contraception specifically; PZX.TI.ZZ covers the act of prescribing any drug or pharmacological agent, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to contraceptive agents." }] }, { "code" : "178089008", "display" : "Pressure study fascial compartment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.AI.AE", "display" : "Compartment pressure monitoring", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.AI.AE is the single ICHI code covering intracompartmental pressure measurement; it is categorised under muscle of unspecified site rather than being specific to a named fascial compartment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a fascial compartment study." }] }, { "code" : "428629007", "display" : "Pretransplant evaluation of live kidney donor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pre-transplant donor evaluation; the closest concept is a general health assessment of the whole person, which is the core activity performed, but it is broader and does not capture the kidney-donor or pre-transplant context." }] }, { "code" : "871483001", "display" : "Pretransplant evaluation of lung recipient", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for pre-transplant recipient evaluation; the activity fundamentally involves a comprehensive health assessment of the prospective recipient, making PZB.AA.ZZ the best available match, though it omits the lung-transplant recipient context entirely." }] }, { "code" : "86039003", "display" : "Preventive dental procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAE", "display" : "Interventions on teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"preventive dental procedure\" category code. The block \"Interventions on teeth\" is the closest organisational grouping covering the full range of dental interventions including preventive ones (scaling/polishing, application of substances to teeth, examination)." }] }, { "code" : "3432000", "display" : "Preventive dental service", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAE", "display" : "Interventions on teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no category code for \"preventive dental service\" as a concept; the \"Interventions on teeth\" block is the broadest appropriate anchor, and the SNOMED concepts 86039003 and 3432000 are semantically near-equivalent at this level of ICHI granularity." }] }, { "code" : "238345005", "display" : "Previous chest wall incision - repair with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAF.MK.AA captures the chest wall target and repair action; the SNOMED concept is more specific (repair using a flap technique following a previous incision), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265714002", "display" : "Primary anterior excision of lumbar disc and fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's lumbar discectomy covers only the disc excision component; the fusion component would need a separate code (MBM.LE.AA). No ICHI code captures this combined procedure in a single code, and the disc excision is the primary operative target." }] }, { "code" : "178623008", "display" : "Primary anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes a combined anterior discectomy with a specifically posterior fusion, a procedural detail not expressible in any single ICHI code. MBN.JJ.AA maps to the disc excision component only and is broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178551007", "display" : "Primary anterior excision thoracic disc and fusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic disc excision but not the fusion component of this combined procedure (which would be MBG.LE.AA separately). As with the lumbar equivalents, no single ICHI code covers both the discectomy and spinal fusion." }] }, { "code" : "179872009", "display" : "Primary arthroscopic prosthetic ligament replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee encompasses ligament replacement procedures including prosthetic/synthetic graft reconstruction, but does not specify the prosthetic nature of the graft or restrict to a primary procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179871002", "display" : "Primary arthroscopic reattachment of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AB", "display" : "Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated arthroscopic reattachment code for knee ligaments; \"repair\" (MK action axis) is the closest available match covering ligament reattachment procedures arthroscopically, but it is broader as it encompasses all repair types, not just reattachment." }] }, { "code" : "178691001", "display" : "Primary cast stabilization of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spinal cast is a form of external immobilisation device applied to the spine; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any external immobilisation device (not specifically a cast) applied to any spinal level, and does not restrict to fracture management." }] }, { "code" : "179138003", "display" : "Primary closed reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the femur but does not encode the external fixation component or the proximal (neck/trochanteric) specificity; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept which requires both closed reduction and external fixator application together." }] }, { "code" : "179104006", "display" : "Primary closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the closed reduction of femur but does not capture the intramedullary internal fixation (screw/nail) component or the proximal femur specificity; the SNOMED concept is considerably more granular than the available ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "179105007", "display" : "Primary closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers only the closed reduction of the femur and does not encode the plate-and-screw internal fixation component or the proximal site specificity; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179639007", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip joint (the most likely joint implied) but does not encode the functional bracing component; the ICHI code is broader and captures only one part of this combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179641008", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of the hip joint but does not encode the skeletal traction component; no ICHI code for skeletal traction to a lower-limb joint was found, making this a partial match for the combined SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179146002", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of fracture and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the primary clinical act (closed reduction of bone) but does not specify a body site, and does not include the functional bracing component, which would require a second code (MRB.LC.AH). The ICHI code is therefore broader and incomplete." }] }, { "code" : "179647007", "display" : "Primary closed reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a fracture-dislocation (combining bone and joint injury) plus functional bracing, while ICHI covers only the closed reduction of bone at an unspecified site; both the joint dislocation and bracing components are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "178704007", "display" : "Primary closed reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of an unspecified vertebral segment, but the cast stabilization component is a separate ICHI intervention (MBZ.LC.AH) and the spinal level is not specified; the SNOMED concept is therefore more complete than this single ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "179136004", "display" : "Primary external fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code MLB.LC.AH covers external immobilisation of the femur without specifying the proximal segment, matching the \"without reduction\" fixation aspect; however, ICHI does not distinguish proximal from distal femur, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "408422004", "display" : "Primary health care team falls assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated falls risk assessment code; \"General health assessment\" covers whole-person assessment activity, which is broader than a targeted falls assessment conducted by a primary health care team." }] }, { "code" : "179097007", "display" : "Primary internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated proximal femur fracture fixation code; \"Implantation of device into femur\" is the closest match covering internal device placement in the femur, but it does not distinguish intramedullary nail/screw technique, the proximal location, or the absence of reduction." }] }, { "code" : "179098002", "display" : "Primary internal fixation(without reduction) of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code distinguishing plate-and-screw fixation of the proximal femur without reduction; \"Implantation of device into femur\" is the best available code but is substantially broader, not specifying device type, fracture location, or the no-reduction approach." }] }, { "code" : "307721006", "display" : "Primary laser excision of cervical intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Cervical discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Cervical discectomy\" correctly identifies excision of the cervical intervertebral disc, but it is an open surgical approach code; ICHI has no code specifying laser as the means for cervical disc excision, making the ICHI code broader with respect to technique." }] }, { "code" : "307720007", "display" : "Primary laser excision of lumbar intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AA covers lumbar discectomy in general (open approach). The SNOMED concept specifies laser as the technique, which is a more specific means not captured in this ICHI code; the percutaneous variant is also not an exact fit since laser excision is a distinct technique." }] }, { "code" : "308025006", "display" : "Primary laser excision of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBH.JJ.AA represents thoracic discectomy without specifying the technique or approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies laser excision as the means. No ICHI code for laser discectomy of the thoracic disc exists." }] }, { "code" : "179018001", "display" : "Primary open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the internal fixation component (screw/nail with intramedullary device). ICHI does not appear to have a combined open-reduction-plus-internal-fixation code for the femur." }] }, { "code" : "265132005", "display" : "Primary open reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation with a screw/nail and plate device. No combined ORIF-with-plate code exists for the femur in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "179606009", "display" : "Primary open reduction of dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the joint (dislocation implies a joint), which is the defining surgical act, but the code is broader because it does not encode the additional functional bracing component nor the \"primary\" qualifier specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179604007", "display" : "Primary open reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA matches the open reduction of the joint that is central to this procedure, but ICHI does not encode the secondary skeletal traction component or the \"primary\" qualifier, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179054002", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LD.AA captures the open reduction of a fractured bone, which is the primary surgical act, but ICHI has no code for functional bracing as a secondary stabilization method, so the full compound procedure is not represented." }] }, { "code" : "179049006", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the fracture, but the skeletal traction component has no matching unspecified-site ICHI code (only MBZ.LC.AE exists for the spine), so the compound procedure is only partially represented." }] }, { "code" : "179614003", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A fracture-dislocation involves both bone and joint disruption; MRB.LD.AA covers the bone reduction aspect of the primary surgical act, but ICHI does not encode the joint dislocation component, the functional bracing, or the \"primary\" qualifier, making it a wider but best-available match." }] }, { "code" : "179598009", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture dislocation of joint and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open reduction of a joint but does not encode the skeletal traction component, nor does it specify that the indication is a fracture-dislocation; the ICHI code is broader because it omits the traction element and carries no site specificity where SNOMED also leaves the joint unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "239284006", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Charnley compression screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the open reduction of the femur but does not encode the concurrent internal fixation with a Charnley compression screw, nor does it distinguish the sub-site (femoral neck) within the femur; the fixation component (MLB.DN.AA) would need to be coded separately, making MLB.LD.AA a wider but best available single-code match." }] }, { "code" : "239281003", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Deyerle multiple hip pinning", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with other femoral neck ORIF concepts, ICHI's open reduction of femur captures the dominant surgical act but omits the Deyerle multiple-pin internal fixation component and the femoral neck sub-site specificity, making it a broader but best available single-code mapping." }] }, { "code" : "239285007", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using dynamic hip screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's open reduction of femur covers the open reduction of the femoral fracture but does not capture the dynamic hip screw fixation or the specific femoral neck location; the DHS device detail and the combined ORIF concept are beyond ICHI's coding granularity at the single-code level." }] }, { "code" : "239291009", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Holt nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's open reduction of femur is the best single-code fit for this ORIF procedure, but it does not encode the Holt nail fixation element or the femoral neck sub-site; the specific implant device and the combined nature of the procedure exceed what ICHI can represent in a single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "239286008", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Richards screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AA covers open reduction of the femur broadly and does not distinguish the neck-of-femur sub-site, nor does it capture the concurrent internal fixation with a specific implant (Richards screw). ICHI lacks a dedicated neck-of-femur open reduction + fixation category, so this is the closest anatomically specific code but is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239292002", "display" : "Primary open reduction of fracture of neck of femur and open fixation using Ross Brown nail", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 239286008 — ICHI has no neck-of-femur-specific open reduction + named-implant fixation code; MLB.LD.AA is the best anatomical match but is broader, omitting both the sub-site specificity and the fixation device detail." }] }, { "code" : "179039008", "display" : "Primary open reduction of intra-articular fracture of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an intra-articular fracture but does not name a particular bone, making MRB.LD.AA (open reduction of bone, unspecified site) the appropriate match; ICHI does not differentiate intra-articular fractures from other fracture types, so the code is wider in that dimension." }] }, { "code" : "179597004", "display" : "Primary open reduction of traumatic dislocation of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction at an unspecified joint, which aligns with the site-nonspecific SNOMED concept; ICHI does not distinguish traumatic dislocation from other indications for open joint reduction, so the code is slightly wider in clinical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "178718000", "display" : "Primary open reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept involves two components — open spinal fracture reduction and cast stabilisation — but ICHI has no compound code for this combination; MBZ.LD.AA captures the open reduction of the spine (unspecified level) but omits the cast stabilisation component, making it wider relative to the full procedure intent." }] }, { "code" : "178550008", "display" : "Primary operation on thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MBG", "display" : "Interventions on thoracic vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified \"primary operation on thoracic spine\" with no narrower category code available; the ICHI block \"Interventions on thoracic vertebral column\" covers the same anatomical scope but encompasses all types of interventions, making it broader than any single procedure." }] }, { "code" : "429558007", "display" : "Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of cervical intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no cervical-specific percutaneous destruction code, so the closest match is the unspecified-site residual \"Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, NEC,\" which captures the percutaneous approach and the destructive action (thermocoagulation is a form of destruction) but is broader in site and does not specify the radiofrequency means." }] }, { "code" : "404673005", "display" : "Primary piggyback lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens into the eye, which is the core procedure performed in piggyback lens implantation (placing a second intraocular lens over an existing one); however, ICHI does not capture the specific \"piggyback\" technique (secondary supplementary IOL in the presence of an existing lens), making the ICHI code broader than this particular SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "442139002", "display" : "Primary posterior lumbar medial facetectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A facetectomy is a partial removal of the posterior articular process (facet) of a lumbar vertebra, which falls within the scope of partial lumbar vertebrectomy in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any partial lumbar vertebral bone removal, not specifically the medial facet via a posterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "179040005", "display" : "Primary reduction of intra-articular fracture of bone using arthrotomy as approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an intra-articular fracture reduced via open arthrotomy — ICHI's MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint (arthrotomy is an open approach, AA means), which is the correct target axis (joint) and action (LD = open reduction). ICHI is wider because it does not specify the fracture is intra-articular nor restrict to a bone fracture context, and the joint site is unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "179817007", "display" : "Primary repair extra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific ligament repair codes (e.g., knee, hand/finger, foot) but no body-site-agnostic ligament repair code; ligament falls within soft tissue, so MRS.MK.AA is the broadest unspecified-site repair code available. ICHI is wider because it covers all soft tissue types and does not distinguish extra-articular versus intra-articular ligaments." }] }, { "code" : "178170005", "display" : "Primary repair of tendon using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The use of a graft for tendon repair corresponds to the ICHI action ML (reconstruction/graft), making MRT.ML.AA the best semantic fit over a simple repair code. ICHI is wider because it does not specify the body site of the tendon nor that the procedure is primary (first-time) rather than revision." }] }, { "code" : "53356001", "display" : "Primary rhinoplasty of alar cartilages", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rhinoplasty of the alar cartilages is a reconstructive nasal procedure; ICHI captures this under reconstruction of the nose (JAA.ML.AA), the only nose-level reconstructive code available. ICHI is wider because it does not distinguish rhinoplasty from other nasal reconstruction types and does not specify the alar cartilage as the sub-target." }] }, { "code" : "82862002", "display" : "Primary rhinoplasty with elevation of nasal tip", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nasal tip elevation rhinoplasty is a reconstructive nose procedure, falling under ICHI's reconstruction of nose (JAA.ML.AA), which is the only available code for nasal reconstruction. ICHI is wider because it does not differentiate the specific technique (tip elevation) or sub-structure involved, nor does it indicate this is a primary versus revision procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178690000", "display" : "Primary skull traction stabilization of spinal fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AE", "display" : "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code captures skeletal traction applied to the spine, which matches the core mechanism of skull (halo/Gardner-Wells) traction used to stabilise cervical spinal fractures; however, the ICHI code does not specify the skull attachment point, the fracture context, or the \"primary\" (acute) nature of the intervention, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241371001", "display" : "Probe renogram", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A probe renogram is a nuclear medicine technique that uses a radiation detector probe over the renal fossae to measure radionuclide transit through the kidneys, making it a nuclear imaging study of the kidney; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all nuclear kidney imaging modalities (including gamma camera renography and SPECT) rather than being specific to the probe-based renogram technique." }] }, { "code" : "401162000", "display" : "Problem solving therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCJ.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about problem solving", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCJ.PP.ZZ is categorised under \"Interventions on applying knowledge\" and specifically targets the problem solving function (SCJ), with the counselling action (PP), making it a strong conceptual match. However, \"problem solving therapy\" as a structured psychotherapeutic intervention is more specific than the broader ICHI counselling concept, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118698009", "display" : "Procedure on abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAK", "display" : "Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad administrative grouping for any procedure on the abdomen; the closest ICHI structural equivalent is the block BlockL5-PAK (\"Interventions on abdomen, not otherwise specified\"), which is similarly broad but encompasses all abdomen-specific intervention categories beneath it, making it wider in scope than any single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "418641004", "display" : "Procedure on abducens nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAN", "display" : "Interventions on cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated target code or assignable category for the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) specifically; XA4GX3 exists as an extension/qualifier entity but no procedure category is built around it. The best structural match is the block BlockL5-AAN (\"Interventions on cranial nerve\"), which is broader, encompassing all cranial nerves rather than CN VI alone." }] }, { "code" : "118920005", "display" : "Procedure on adenoids", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a well-developed adenoid-specific block (BlockL5-DAB) containing multiple assignable codes (biopsy, adenoidectomy, haemorrhage control, etc.); because the SNOMED concept is an unspecified grouping of any procedure on the adenoids, the block is the most faithful match, but it is wider than any single procedure and the SNOMED concept does not specify which intervention is performed." }] }, { "code" : "118908002", "display" : "Procedure on anterior segment of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BBA", "display" : "Interventions on eye, anterior segment structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI block BlockL4-BBA groups all interventions on the anterior segment of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, anterior chamber, lens) and is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED grouping concept; it is classified as wider because the block subsumes multiple specific sub-blocks and assignable codes." }] }, { "code" : "118809006", "display" : "Procedure on aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single unspecified-aorta block; the aorta is split across segments (ascending, arch, thoracic descending, abdominal, root) all grouped under BlockL4-HIA alongside coronary arteries and other great vessels. This block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the aorta." }] }, { "code" : "440088008", "display" : "Procedure on aorta using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HIA", "display" : "Interventions on coronary arteries or great vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes imaging guidance as a Means-axis qualifier on individual procedure codes rather than as a standalone grouping; there is no \"imaging-guided aorta intervention\" block or category. The closest structural anchor remains the same broad block as for unqualified aorta procedures, which does not capture the imaging guidance specificity." }] }, { "code" : "118805000", "display" : "Procedure on artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZA", "display" : "Interventions on artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-IZA is the residual catch-all for artery interventions not assigned to a specific named artery block; the SNOMED concept covers all arteries broadly, and this block is the best structural match while remaining wider than any single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "385422002", "display" : "Procedure on artery of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-IBA", "display" : "Interventions on vessels of head and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-IBA is the best available grouping covering arteries of the head in ICHI, but it also encompasses neck vessels (both extracranial arteries and veins), making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to arteries of the head alone. No single ICHI block isolates \"artery of head\" without also including neck or without splitting intracranial (BlockL5-IAA) from extracranial (BlockL5-IBA)." }] }, { "code" : "118824002", "display" : "Procedure on biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KCA", "display" : "Interventions on hepatic or biliary structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-KCA is the most appropriate ICHI grouping for biliary tract procedures, but it additionally encompasses the liver and pancreas, making it broader than the SNOMED concept; the next level down (BlockL5-KCM, bile duct only) is narrower as it excludes the gallbladder which is part of the biliary tract." }] }, { "code" : "129192002", "display" : "Procedure on bone of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MKB", "display" : "Interventions on bone of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MKB is an ICHI organizational block grouping all interventions on the bone of the pelvic region (biopsy, osteotomy, excision, reduction, grafting, etc.), which directly corresponds to the SNOMED concept's scope. The ICHI block is slightly broader in that it covers the full pelvic region rather than just the pelvis bone, but it is the closest available grouping — no single assignable category code captures the concept of an unspecified \"procedure on bone of pelvis.\"" }] }, { "code" : "118729003", "display" : "Procedure on bone of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MAA groups all interventions on the skull (craniotomy, craniectomy, biopsy, fracture reduction, device implantation, etc.) and directly matches the scope of the SNOMED concept. No single assignable ICHI category represents an unspecified \"procedure on skull,\" so the block is the most precise available match, though it is slightly broader as it includes soft tissue/surface skull procedures as well as bone procedures." }] }, { "code" : "118793007", "display" : "Procedure on bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBB", "display" : "Interventions on bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-JBB is a well-defined ICHI block explicitly titled \"Interventions on bronchus,\" containing 27 child category codes spanning the full range of bronchial procedures (endoscopy, biopsy, excision, repair, dilatation, etc.). It is a wider match because it groups all possible bronchial interventions, while the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping of unspecified procedures on the bronchus." }] }, { "code" : "438615003", "display" : "Procedure on carotid artery using imaging guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IBB", "display" : "Interventions on carotid artery, extracranial", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code that captures \"any procedure on the carotid artery performed under imaging guidance\" as a concept; the block BlockL5-IBB groups all extracranial carotid artery interventions regardless of approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically constrains by imaging guidance. Individual imaging-guided codes such as IBB.LH.AF or IBB.JE.AF exist but each represents one specific procedure type, not the class." }] }, { "code" : "359677000", "display" : "Procedure on celiac ganglia", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code or block for the celiac ganglia (solar plexus); the celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic nervous system and XA89R1 identifies it only as a target axis value. The best assignable residual category is ADA.ZZ.ZZ, which covers all sympathetic nervous system interventions not elsewhere classified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the celiac ganglia." }] }, { "code" : "118679007", "display" : "Procedure on central nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable code scoped precisely to \"central nervous system\" procedures as a class; AZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the catch-all residual for the entire nervous system chapter and is therefore broader, as it also encompasses peripheral and autonomic nervous system interventions beyond the CNS." }] }, { "code" : "118806004", "display" : "Procedure on coronary arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA", "display" : "Coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA is the ICHI category-level code for the coronary artery target and serves as the parent grouping for all specific coronary artery intervention codes (e.g., HIA.LI.AA bypass, HIA.JE.AA endarterectomy), making it the closest match for the generic SNOMED concept \"procedure on coronary arteries\"; it is broader because it encompasses every specific coronary intervention without specifying which one." }] }, { "code" : "118740006", "display" : "Procedure on diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MCX", "display" : "Interventions on diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-MCX is the ICHI organisational block covering all interventions on the diaphragm, which is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED grouper concept. A block code is used because the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category rather than a specific procedure, and BlockL5-MCX is the closest structural match — though it is slightly wider as it encompasses all diaphragm intervention types." }] }, { "code" : "118826000", "display" : "Procedure on digestive tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's BlockL3-KAA is the top-level block covering all interventions on the digestive system, which encompasses mouth/pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary structures, peritoneum, and functional interventions — slightly broader than the SNOMED concept \"digestive tract\" (which typically excludes accessory organs). No category-level ICHI code exists for procedures on the digestive tract as a whole; the residual KZZ.ZZ.ZZ is an unspecified catch-all that would be less informative." }] }, { "code" : "118915005", "display" : "Procedure on extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BDA", "display" : "Interventions on ocular muscles", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on ocular muscles\" groups all procedures on extraocular muscles and tendons, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. The block is broader because it also includes intraocular muscle interventions and electrophysiological measurements, while the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping that warrants a block-level assignment." }] }, { "code" : "371548008", "display" : "Procedure on eye region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Eye region\" in SNOMED encompasses all periocular and ocular structures (eyelid, orbit, globe, muscles, lacrimal system, and visual functions), and the closest ICHI organisational node is the L3 block covering the entire visual system. No narrower single ICHI code or block captures \"eye region\" as a whole without being too specific to one sub-structure." }] }, { "code" : "118731007", "display" : "Procedure on facial bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MAB", "display" : "Interventions on facial bone, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on facial bone, unspecified\" is a direct terminological match and contains child codes covering biopsy, imaging, osteotomy, excision, reduction, reconstruction, and device implantation into facial bone. The block is assigned rather than a single category because the SNOMED concept is itself a procedure grouping rather than a specific intervention." }] }, { "code" : "118869008", "display" : "Procedure on fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NMC", "display" : "Interventions on fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on fallopian tube\" (NMC) is an exact terminological match and contains all specific procedure codes for the fallopian tube (biopsy, excision, occlusion, repair, drainage, etc.). A block-level code is appropriate because the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping covering any type of procedure on the fallopian tube." }] }, { "code" : "118831003", "display" : "Procedure on intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KBA", "display" : "Interventions on gastrointestinal tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single block covering \"intestine\" as a whole; separate blocks exist for small intestine (BlockL5-KBK) and large intestine (BlockL5-KBZ) within the gastrointestinal tract block. BlockL4-KBA is the narrowest available ancestor that encompasses all intestinal procedures, but it also includes oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and other GI structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118890000", "display" : "Procedure on lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DFA", "display" : "Interventions on lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-DFA groups all lymph node and lymphatic vessel interventions under \"Interventions on lymphatic system,\" which is broader than the SNOMED concept (lymph nodes only, excluding lymphatic vessels and the thoracic duct); the immediate child block BlockL5-DFA (\"Interventions on lymph node other and unspecified\") is closer but still covers only the residual/unspecified node category, so the L4 block is the best encompassing match while remaining wider than the SNOMED scope." }] }, { "code" : "118687008", "display" : "Procedure on lymphoid system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-DAA", "display" : "Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's nearest grouper that captures the full lymphoid system (tonsils, adenoids, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, bone marrow) is BlockL3-DAA, which also includes haematopoietic components not implied by the SNOMED term \"lymphoid system,\" making it wider; no narrower ICHI block maps precisely to the lymphoid system alone." }] }, { "code" : "118814005", "display" : "Procedure on mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest ICHI organisational block groups mouth and pharynx together, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to the mouth. No ICHI block exists for mouth alone, so the block-level code is the best available assignment." }] }, { "code" : "118775006", "display" : "Procedure on nipple", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LCA", "display" : "Interventions on breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nipple-specific block or category; the breast block (LCA) is the closest structural grouping available, but it covers the entire breast rather than the nipple specifically, making the ICHI block broader than the SNOMED concept. No more precise ICHI code exists for nipple procedures." }] }, { "code" : "418095008", "display" : "Procedure on oculomotor nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAN", "display" : "Interventions on cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The oculomotor nerve is cranial nerve III, and ICHI's cranial nerve block (AAN) covers all cranial nerves without distinguishing individual nerves by number or name. The AAN block is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept, which is specific to the oculomotor nerve." }] }, { "code" : "118684001", "display" : "Procedure on olfactory system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AVB", "display" : "Interventions on smell function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated block for structural/surgical interventions on the olfactory system (nerve, epithelium, bulb); the closest grouping is \"Interventions on smell function\" (BlockL5-AVB), which covers only functional assessment and training of smell rather than all procedure types on the olfactory anatomy. This block is assigned at block level because no single category code spans the full breadth of the SNOMED concept, and the ICHI scope is broader in that it addresses the functional dimension rather than the anatomical target precisely." }] }, { "code" : "118788009", "display" : "Procedure on palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI splits palate interventions into two separate Level-5 blocks — BlockL5-KAS (soft palate) and BlockL5-KAT (hard palate) — with no single intermediate block that unifies both under \"palate\" alone; their shared parent (BlockL4-KAA) also encompasses lips, tongue, teeth, gums, salivary glands, and pharynx, making it too broad. Neither individual palate block alone is equivalent because the SNOMED concept covers both soft and hard palate together." }] }, { "code" : "118825001", "display" : "Procedure on pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KCO", "display" : "Interventions on pancreas and pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's BlockL5-KCO covers all interventions on both the pancreas and pancreatic duct, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which refers only to the pancreas. No single assignable ICHI category represents the full scope of \"any procedure on pancreas\" — the block is the best match for this high-level SNOMED grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "118769002", "display" : "Procedure on parotid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAL", "display" : "Interventions on parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-KAL is the dedicated ICHI block for all interventions on the parotid gland, directly matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept; it is broader because it encompasses every type of parotid gland intervention (imaging, excision, drainage, repair, etc.) rather than one specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "118878002", "display" : "Procedure on penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGM", "display" : "Interventions on penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on penis\" covers the full range of procedures on the penis, matching the broad, non-specific nature of the SNOMED category concept. A block code is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a grouping category rather than a specific procedure, and BlockL5-NGM is the direct ICHI equivalent of that grouping." }] }, { "code" : "118802002", "display" : "Procedure on pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HFF", "display" : "Interventions on pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on pericardium\" directly corresponds to the SNOMED grouping concept for all procedures on the pericardium, sitting within the circulatory system chapter. The block is broader than any individual procedure code, which is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a non-specific grouping." }] }, { "code" : "118680005", "display" : "Procedure on peripheral nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ACA", "display" : "Interventions on peripheral nervous system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on peripheral nervous system\" is the direct structural equivalent of this SNOMED grouping concept, covering all 27 assignable category codes for peripheral nerve procedures. A block code is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping with no specific procedure implied." }] }, { "code" : "127583001", "display" : "Procedure on peritoneal sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KMA", "display" : "Interventions on peritoneum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not use the anatomical term \"peritoneal sac\" but \"Interventions on peritoneum\" (BlockL4-KMA) covers the same anatomical territory, encompassing all procedures on the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity including the peritoneal sac. The mapping is wider because the ICHI block spans both peritoneum and peritoneal cavity broadly, while the SNOMED concept focuses specifically on the peritoneal sac." }] }, { "code" : "118784006", "display" : "Procedure on pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI splits the pharynx across two separate L5 blocks (nasopharynx under JAM, oral pharynx under KAR), with no single block covering \"pharynx\" as a unified target; the nearest encompassing block is BlockL4-KAA (\"Interventions on mouth or pharynx\"), which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it also includes all oral cavity sub-regions. No narrower single code captures the full pharynx." }] }, { "code" : "118877007", "display" : "Procedure on prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGA", "display" : "Interventions on prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-NGA is the most precise ICHI grouping for prostate procedures, but its scope includes the seminal vesicle alongside the prostate, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the prostate alone." }] }, { "code" : "129235006", "display" : "Procedure on renal pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NAB", "display" : "Interventions on renal pelvis and pyeloureteral junction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-NAB is the most precise ICHI grouping for renal pelvis procedures, but it also encompasses the pyeloureteral junction, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the renal pelvis alone." }] }, { "code" : "129199006", "display" : "Procedure on rib", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MCB", "display" : "Interventions on bone of thoracic cage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for any procedure on the rib, and BlockL5-MCB is the closest ICHI structural grouping covering all interventions on the bone of the thoracic cage (including rib and sternum). No single assignable ICHI category covers the full scope of \"procedure on rib\" as a category concept, so the block is the appropriate match, and it is broader because it also includes the sternum." }] }, { "code" : "448787005", "display" : "Procedure on right ventricular outflow tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HBB", "display" : "Interventions on right cardiac ventricle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does have specific right ventricular outflow tract codes (e.g., HBB.JI.AA, HBB.LG.AF) but no single assignable category covers the full scope of \"any procedure on the RVOT\"; the parent block BlockL5-HBB (Interventions on right cardiac ventricle) is the best structural match for this SNOMED grouper concept, though it is broader as it encompasses the whole right ventricle beyond just the outflow tract." }] }, { "code" : "1264279003", "display" : "Procedure on root canal of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.ML.AC is the sole ICHI code specifically representing root canal intervention, and it aligns well with the SNOMED concept; however, it is slightly broader in that \"root canal therapy\" describes a specific procedure while the SNOMED concept is a grouper for any procedure performed on the root canal (which could include assessment, drainage, or other interventions beyond therapy/reconstruction)." }] }, { "code" : "118667007", "display" : "Procedure on skeletal muscular system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not separate the skeletal muscular system from the broader musculoskeletal system — the closest structural match is the top-level block \"Interventions on the musculoskeletal system\" (BlockL3-MAA), which also encompasses bones, joints, and connective tissue, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that is scoped to skeletal muscle only." }] }, { "code" : "122945004", "display" : "Procedure on skeletal system", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-MAA", "display" : "Interventions on the musculoskeletal system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Interventions on the musculoskeletal system\" (BlockL3-MAA) is the closest match but is broader than \"Procedure on skeletal system\" as it additionally encompasses muscle and soft tissue interventions beyond the purely skeletal scope of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118719005", "display" : "Procedure on skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest block \"Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck\" (BlockL5-LAA) is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept because it includes the neck in addition to the head, and also explicitly covers subcutaneous tissue beyond skin alone." }] }, { "code" : "118723002", "display" : "Procedure on skin of lower extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAG", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block covers the full lower limb and also includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which targets skin of the lower extremity specifically. As a block (not a leaf category), it encompasses all intervention types on that site, which aligns well with the generic SNOMED parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "118720004", "display" : "Procedure on skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the neck together with the head into a single block with no neck-only subdivision, so the closest match is broader than the SNOMED concept; it also includes subcutaneous cell tissue and the head region that SNOMED does not reference." }] }, { "code" : "118721000", "display" : "Procedure on skin of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAB", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block matches the trunk site precisely but is broader because it also encompasses subcutaneous cell tissue in addition to skin, and as a block it spans all intervention action types rather than a single procedure." }] }, { "code" : "118722007", "display" : "Procedure on skin of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAE", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block matches the upper limb site directly but is broader because it includes subcutaneous cell tissue alongside skin and spans all intervention types, whereas SNOMED identifies skin of the upper extremity as the target anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "118874000", "display" : "Procedure on spermatic cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGD", "display" : "Interventions on spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-NGD is the ICHI block grouping all interventions on the spermatic cord, which is the closest structural match to the unspecified SNOMED category concept. The ICHI block is broader in that it encompasses every specific procedure type (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) under one grouping, while the SNOMED concept similarly represents an unspecified procedure on that structure, making it the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "118886002", "display" : "Procedure on spinal meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABC", "display" : "Interventions on spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-ABC directly names \"Interventions on spinal meninges\" and sits within the spinal cord structures branch of the nervous system chapter, matching the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope. As a block rather than a leaf category it is broader in specificity, which is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself an unspecified procedure-type grouping." }] }, { "code" : "238181003", "display" : "Procedure on spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"vertebral column\" as the anatomical term for what SNOMED calls \"spine,\" and BlockL4-MBA is the parent block that encompasses all sub-regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, unspecified), matching the unspecified, region-agnostic nature of the SNOMED concept. No single category code exists for the spine as a whole, so the block is the correct level." }] }, { "code" : "118921009", "display" : "Procedure on spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-DJA", "display" : "Interventions on spleen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL4-DJA directly corresponds to interventions on the spleen within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, matching the anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept exactly. The block is used rather than any individual category because the SNOMED concept is an unspecified procedure grouping covering all procedure types on this organ." }] }, { "code" : "129198003", "display" : "Procedure on sternum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MCB", "display" : "Interventions on bone of thoracic cage", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the sternum with ribs under \"bone of thoracic cage\" (BlockL5-MCB) rather than providing a sternum-only block or category; all individual codes (e.g., MCB.AD.AA biopsy, MCB.ML.AA reconstruction) explicitly reference \"rib or sternum,\" so this block is the closest available grouping. The ICHI scope is wider because it includes ribs alongside the sternum, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the sternum alone." }] }, { "code" : "118830002", "display" : "Procedure on stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KBF", "display" : "Interventions on stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category grouping all procedures on the stomach, which maps best to the ICHI block \"Interventions on stomach\" (BlockL5-KBF) rather than any single assignable category code. The ICHI block is broader than any individual procedure but faithfully represents the full scope of the SNOMED grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "118779000", "display" : "Procedure on sublingual duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the sublingual duct; the closest structural home is the \"Interventions on salivary gland\" block (BlockL5-KAM), which covers all salivary gland and duct interventions including those on the sublingual duct. The ICHI level is broader, encompassing all salivary glands and ducts rather than the sublingual duct specifically." }] }, { "code" : "118770001", "display" : "Procedure on sublingual gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code dedicated to the sublingual gland specifically; the extension code XA51Q9 (\"Sublingual gland\") exists as an anatomical qualifier but there are no assignable intervention codes at that level of specificity. The block BlockL5-KAM (\"Interventions on salivary gland\") is the best available match, covering all salivary gland procedures including sublingual, and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "118780002", "display" : "Procedure on submaxillary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Submaxillary duct\" is the older synonym for the submandibular (Wharton's) duct; ICHI has no dedicated code for this structure, but the block BlockL5-KAM (\"Interventions on salivary gland\") is the best assignable structural equivalent, being broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to that single duct." }] }, { "code" : "118771002", "display" : "Procedure on submaxillary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Submaxillary gland\" is the older term for the submandibular gland; ICHI recognises this anatomy via extension code XA9Q61 (\"Submandibular gland\") but provides no specific intervention codes at that level of granularity. BlockL5-KAM (\"Interventions on salivary gland\") is the best available mapping and is wider, encompassing all major salivary glands rather than the submaxillary gland alone." }] }, { "code" : "118871008", "display" : "Procedure on testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGL", "display" : "Interventions on testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-NGL is the ICHI organizational block that groups all testis procedures and is semantically equivalent to the SNOMED concept, but as a block it is broader in ICHI structural terms (it subsumes all child categories such as biopsy, incision, excision, repair of testis). No single assignable category code covers the full scope of \"procedure on testis.\"" }] }, { "code" : "118917002", "display" : "Procedure on thoracic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFP", "display" : "Interventions on thoracic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-DFP directly maps to all interventions on the thoracic duct within the haematopoietic/lymphatic system chapter, matching the SNOMED concept precisely in scope; it is classified wider because it is an ICHI block subsuming multiple child categories (fistulisation, occlusion, cannulation, closure) rather than a single assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "118695007", "display" : "Procedure on thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAE", "display" : "Thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAE is an assignable ICHI category code whose parent block (BlockL5-PAE \"Interventions on thorax\") covers topographical thorax-region procedures, aligning with the SNOMED concept; it is wider because the SNOMED concept \"Procedure on thorax\" is itself a high-level grouper, and ICHI's coverage of thorax-specific procedures is spread across multiple system-based blocks (respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal)." }] }, { "code" : "385449002", "display" : "Procedure on tonsils", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAA", "display" : "Interventions on tonsil", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BlockL5-DAA is the ICHI block specifically for tonsil interventions (distinct from the parent BlockL4-DAA which also includes adenoid), providing the closest scope match to the SNOMED concept; it is wider because it is an organisational block subsuming all tonsil procedure categories (biopsy, excision, tonsillectomy, drainage, etc.) rather than a single procedure." }] }, { "code" : "118818008", "display" : "Procedure on tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAE", "display" : "Interventions on teeth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated block \"Interventions on teeth\" (BlockL5-KAE) with 17 specific child codes covering the full range of dental procedures. The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any procedure on a tooth, which aligns with this block; a block code is appropriate since no single category code captures all tooth procedures." }] }, { "code" : "118803007", "display" : "Procedure on trabeculae carneae cordis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-HFD", "display" : "Interventions on myocardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculae carneae cordis are muscular ridges that are part of the myocardium (inner ventricular wall); ICHI does not have a code specific to this structure, so the closest parent is the myocardium block (BlockL5-HFD). This is broader than the SNOMED concept, which refers specifically to the trabecular structures of the heart wall." }] }, { "code" : "118792002", "display" : "Procedure on trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JBA", "display" : "Interventions on trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated block \"Interventions on trachea\" (BlockL5-JBA) with over 20 specific child procedure codes covering the full scope of tracheal interventions. As the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category for any tracheal procedure, assigning the matching ICHI block is appropriate and semantically aligned." }] }, { "code" : "418964004", "display" : "Procedure on trochlear nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-AAN", "display" : "Interventions on cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trochlear nerve is cranial nerve IV; ICHI does not have a code specific to the trochlear nerve, but it has a dedicated block for all cranial nerve interventions (BlockL5-AAN) with 21 child codes. This block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is scoped specifically to the trochlear nerve." }] }, { "code" : "129170001", "display" : "Procedure on tunica vaginalis testis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGL", "display" : "Interventions on testis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated block or code for the tunica vaginalis alone; the only ICHI code mentioning it is NGL.FA.AA \"Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis.\" The broader block \"Interventions on testis\" (BlockL5-NGL) is the best structural match, as this structure is anatomically grouped with the testis in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "118875004", "display" : "Procedure on vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGD", "display" : "Interventions on spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"Interventions on vas deferens\" block; all vas deferens procedures (vasotomy, vasovasostomy, vasostomy, valve insertion) are classified under BlockL5-NGD \"Interventions on spermatic cord,\" which is broader as it also includes interventions on the epididymis and other spermatic cord structures beyond the vas deferens alone." }] }, { "code" : "386609006", "display" : "Procedure on vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-IZD", "display" : "Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category covering all vein procedures; the best fit is the NEC block \"Interventions on vein, not elsewhere classified,\" which is an organisational grouping broader than any individual procedure. The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category covering any procedure on any vein, but the ICHI block is still broader because it also encompasses vein-specific anatomical sub-blocks scattered across other blocks." }] }, { "code" : "118736002", "display" : "Procedure on vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI organises vertebral interventions under the block \"Interventions on vertebral column\" (BlockL4-MBA), which encompasses all vertebral regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx) and intervertebral discs. This block is broader than \"Procedure on vertebra\" because it also includes intervertebral disc procedures, but it is the closest structural match available at this level of generality." }] }, { "code" : "118790005", "display" : "Procedure on vocal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAN", "display" : "Interventions on larynx and epiglottis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated block or category for \"procedures on the vocal cord\" as a target; vocal cord procedures (including JAN.JK.AD Vocal cordectomy) are subsumed under the larynx-and-epiglottis block. That block covers the full larynx and epiglottis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which scopes specifically to the vocal cord." }] }, { "code" : "42238002", "display" : "Proctoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.AE.AC", "display" : "Examination of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Proctoscopy is a rigid-instrument visual examination of the rectum and anal canal specifically; KBW.AE.AC covers examination of the rectum broadly without specifying the rigid proctoscope instrument, making the ICHI code somewhat broader than the SNOMED concept which implies the specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "410149002", "display" : "Professional / ancillary services assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"General health assessment\" on the whole person (PZB target) is the closest available concept, but it is broader than an assessment specifically limited to professional/ancillary services; no ICHI code captures the specific disciplinary-service framing of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "409023009", "display" : "Professional / ancillary services care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Professional / ancillary services care\" is a high-level administrative grouper for care delivered by any professional or ancillary service; the closest ICHI concept is the unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which is similarly broad but not disciplinary-service-specific." }] }, { "code" : "410151003", "display" : "Professional / ancillary services management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZY.ZY", "display" : "Other health management encounter, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Professional / ancillary services management\" is a generic administrative grouper; ICHI's residual \"Other health management encounter, NEC\" on the whole person is the closest available catch-all, though it is broader and not specifically tied to professional/ancillary service disciplines." }] }, { "code" : "895382009", "display" : "Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF (Renal dialysis) is the best available ICHI code for any form of extracorporeal or peritoneal renal replacement therapy performed on the kidney; however, it does not distinguish the prolonged intermittent modality (PIRRT/SLED) from standard intermittent haemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710120003", "display" : "Promotion of walking using mobility aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in walking", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJA.PH.ZZ covers training in walking as a rehabilitation intervention, which is the closest ICHI match to promoting walking, but it does not capture the specific element of using a mobility aid as the means; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "726636007", "display" : "Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JK.AA represents total mastectomy without specifying prophylactic intent or bilateral performance; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both its indication (risk-reduction) and laterality (bilateral), so the ICHI code is broader. Bilateral laterality can be expressed via ICHI extension codes, but the prophylactic intent has no ICHI representation." }] }, { "code" : "170507002", "display" : "Prophylactic dental extraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JE.AC", "display" : "Extraction of tooth without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JE.AC is the standard ICHI code for non-surgical tooth extraction and covers the procedure itself, but does not encode the prophylactic indication; ICHI has no mechanism for expressing preventive intent, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "226049009", "display" : "Proprioception awareness work", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVC.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of proprioceptive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Proprioception awareness work\" is a rehabilitation exercise aimed at improving proprioceptive sense, which maps well to \"Training of proprioceptive functions\" (AVC.PH.ZZ); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any training modality for proprioception, while the SNOMED concept specifically implies awareness/sensory re-education exercises." }] }, { "code" : "108053008", "display" : "Prostate destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA is the unspecified/residual destruction code for the prostate and seminal vesicle, which is broader than the SNOMED concept in two ways: it also includes the seminal vesicle, and the SNOMED concept is itself a category-level grouper (not approach-specific). More specific approach-coded children exist but the parent is the best fit for a non-approach-specified grouper." }] }, { "code" : "19864005", "display" : "Prostatomembranous urethrorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.MK.AA covers repair of the urethra in general, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes suture repair at the prostatomembranous urethral junction (typically after traumatic disruption). ICHI has no code specific to the prostatomembranous segment, so the generic urethral repair code is the best available match, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "178495004", "display" : "Prosthesis to mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.DN.AA captures the core act of implanting a device (prosthesis) into the mandible, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept. However, ICHI's \"device\" is broader than a prosthesis specifically, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239495002", "display" : "Prosthetic arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device into any finger or hand joint via open approach, which encompasses prosthetic arthroplasty of the IP joint of a finger. The ICHI code is wider because it includes all finger/hand joints (not just IP) and all implanted devices (not just prostheses)." }] }, { "code" : "239524007", "display" : "Prosthetic arthroplasty of interphalangeal joint of lesser toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code, covering device implantation into any foot or toe joint, which encompasses a prosthetic arthroplasty of the IP joint of a lesser toe. The ICHI code is wider because it spans all foot/toe joints and all internal devices rather than prostheses at the IP joint specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1288025000", "display" : "Prosthetic arthroplasty of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.DN.AA matches the generic, site-unspecified nature of this SNOMED concept well, covering implantation of a device into a joint at any location. The ICHI code is wider because \"device\" encompasses more than prostheses and \"implantation\" does not exclusively denote arthroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "239514004", "display" : "Prosthetic arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of hallux", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.DN.AA is the best available match, as ICHI does not have a code specific to the hallux interphalangeal joint; the code covers all foot and toe joints. The ICHI code is wider on both the anatomical target and the intervention type." }] }, { "code" : "239488006", "display" : "Prosthetic arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a prosthetic device into any finger or hand joint, which subsumes the thumb interphalangeal joint but is anatomically broader (encompasses all fingers and the hand). ICHI lacks a code specific to the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, so the best available code is this broader hand/finger joint category." }] }, { "code" : "427560001", "display" : "Prosthetic hybrid replacement of shoulder joint using cemented humeral component", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.DN.AA captures prosthetic device implantation into the shoulder joint but does not encode the hybrid fixation method, the cemented humeral component, or the distinction from a total shoulder replacement. The ICHI code is the most precise available match for a shoulder arthroplasty procedure in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "425989007", "display" : "Prosthetic hybrid total arthroplasty of shoulder joint using cemented glenoid component", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code for shoulder joint prosthetic implantation but does not encode total arthroplasty nature, hybrid fixation, or the cemented glenoid component; both SNOMED shoulder hybrid arthroplasty concepts map to the same broader ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "426904006", "display" : "Prosthetic hybrid total replacement of hip joint using cemented acetabular component", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.DN.AA represents device implantation into the hip joint but does not capture the total replacement nature, hybrid fixation strategy, or the cemented acetabular component; it is the closest available ICHI code for a hip arthroplasty procedure." }] }, { "code" : "426618001", "display" : "Prosthetic hybrid total replacement of hip joint using cemented femoral component", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.DN.AA is the best available ICHI match for hip joint prosthetic implantation but is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a hybrid total replacement with a cemented femoral stem component." }] }, { "code" : "265196006", "display" : "Prosthetic interposition reconstruction of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest code covers implantation of a device into a joint at an unspecified anatomical site, which captures the prosthetic device placement aspect of the SNOMED concept. It does not encode the interposition/reconstruction technique, the prosthetic nature of the material, or any specific joint site, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "307279007", "display" : "Prosthetic replacement of heart valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes heart valve replacement at the level of each individual valve rather than providing a single generic \"heart valve replacement\" code; the parent block BlockL4-HDE covers all heart valve interventions and is thus broader than the SNOMED concept, which is itself unspecified as to which valve." }] }, { "code" : "232753006", "display" : "Prosthetic replacement of mitral chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for prosthetic chordal replacement specifically; HDF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus (which encompasses the chordae tendineae), making it the closest match but broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239509003", "display" : "Prosthetic total arthroplasty of the metatarsophalangeal joint of hallux", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups all foot and toe joints together in MOJ without distinguishing the first metatarsophalangeal joint specifically, and the code covers implantation of any internal device into any foot/toe joint rather than total prosthetic arthroplasty of the hallux MTP joint." }] }, { "code" : "44340006", "display" : "Prosthodontic dental consultation and report", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a prosthodontic subspecialty consultation; KAE.AE.AC is the closest available code within the teeth interventions block, but does not capture the specialty context (prosthodontics) or the report/consultation dimension." }] }, { "code" : "370841000", "display" : "Protecting from cross-contamination", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Protecting from cross-contamination\" is a specific clinical infection prevention action, while UEP.VE.ZZ covers the broader category of health care infection control measures at the services/systems/policies level. No ICHI code captures the bedside or procedural act of preventing cross-contamination between individuals specifically." }] }, { "code" : "252682007", "display" : "Protein-losing enteropathy study using radiolabeled chromium chloride", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to protein-losing enteropathy assessment or radiolabeled chromium chloride studies; KZZ.BA.BE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all nuclear GI tract imaging and does not specify the protein-loss indication or chromium technique." }] }, { "code" : "870251000", "display" : "Proton pump inhibitor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to proton pump inhibitor therapy or acid suppression; PZX.TI.ZZ is the closest applicable code as PPI therapy is a pharmacological prescription-based intervention. The ICHI code is significantly broader, covering any pharmacotherapy prescription." }] }, { "code" : "183124005", "display" : "Provide body worn hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's most granular code for fitting/installing a hearing aid is PAB.DP.AH, which covers the head or neck site — hearing aids are functionally worn at the ear/head regardless of body placement. There is no ICHI code distinguishing body-worn versus head-worn hearing aid subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "183123004", "display" : "Provide head worn hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A head-worn hearing aid is an assistive product installed at the head/neck region. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assistive product at the head or neck and does not distinguish hearing aids from other assistive devices, nor body-worn from head-worn subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "423047003", "display" : "Provider instructions to the pharmacy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Issuing provider instructions to the pharmacy corresponds most directly to the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy. The ICHI code is slightly broader because a formal prescription encompasses more than informal instructions, but it is the closest available ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "225947001", "display" : "Providing sputum carton", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.AH.XC", "display" : "Specimen collection of sputum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.AH.XC covers the act of collecting sputum as a specimen, which is the clinical purpose behind providing a sputum carton (the container used to enable self-collection). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses the full specimen collection act, while the SNOMED concept is specifically about supplying the physical container." }] }, { "code" : "737842006", "display" : "Provision of advice about taking acetaminophen", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ captures advising about medications in general, which is the correct semantic domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all medications, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about acetaminophen (paracetamol)." }] }, { "code" : "1338046009", "display" : "Provision of air conditioner", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to improve indoor air quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An air conditioner is one specific type of good provided to improve indoor air quality, so the ICHI code covers this and many other goods beyond it. No more specific ICHI code for air conditioning exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "1338045008", "display" : "Provision of air filtration device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to improve indoor air quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An air filtration device is a specific good provided to improve indoor air quality; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing any goods for that purpose rather than filtration devices specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1354850001", "display" : "Provision of allergen-impermeable bed mattress cover", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An allergen-impermeable mattress cover is a personal-use good, and UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, but it covers all personal daily-living goods rather than allergen-barrier bedding specifically; no allergen or bedding-specific ICHI category exists." }] }, { "code" : "1354849001", "display" : "Provision of allergen-impermeable pillowcase", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An allergen-impermeable pillowcase is a personal-use good with the same mapping rationale as the mattress cover; UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is considerably broader than this specific item." }] }, { "code" : "1354848009", "display" : "Provision of allergy safe cleaning supplies", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Allergy-safe cleaning supplies are personal-use goods provided for daily living, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best available ICHI match, though it is broader and does not capture the allergy-safety or cleaning-specific nature of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243737002", "display" : "Provision of ancillary low vision aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Low vision aids (magnifiers, spectacles, electronic devices) are assistive products used in daily living, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a specific code for low vision aids; the ICHI category encompasses all personal daily living assistive goods." }] }, { "code" : "228605002", "display" : "Provision of arm sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "PMA.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An arm sling is a type of external immobilisation device applied to the upper limb. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any external immobilisation device to the entire upper limb NEC, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a sling." }] }, { "code" : "445509006", "display" : "Provision of bed cradle", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bed cradle is an assistive device (a frame placed over a bed to keep bedding off injured or sensitive areas); UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but is much broader, encompassing all assistive products for personal daily living use." }] }, { "code" : "312651008", "display" : "Provision of childminding", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Childminding is the arrangement and delivery of supervised personal care for a child by a caregiver, which falls under ICHI's concept of providing services in relation to personal care providers. The ICHI code is broader because it covers all age groups and types of personal care arrangements, not specifically child supervision." }] }, { "code" : "716737009", "display" : "Provision of commercial flight with stretcher facility", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TJ.ZZ", "display" : "Transporting person", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific mode of patient transport (commercial airline with stretcher accommodation), while ICHI's \"Transporting person\" code covers any act of moving a patient regardless of modality; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "228620008", "display" : "Provision of communication aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAF.RD.ZZ covers providing any goods within the communication products and technology domain, which encompasses communication aids broadly. The SNOMED concept is more specific in referring to an assistive \"communication aid\" (typically augmentative and alternative communication devices), while the ICHI code does not distinguish device type." }] }, { "code" : "243750001", "display" : "Provision of communicator for visual and hearing impairment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to provision of a deafblind communicator (a specialised device for dual sensory impairment), while ICHI's closest assignable category UAF.RD.ZZ covers all provision of communication goods without distinguishing device type or target population." }] }, { "code" : "304903009", "display" : "Provision of day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Day care (supervised daytime attendance at a centre for individuals who need support) is a form of general social support service. UEO.RG.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is substantially broader, covering all types of general social support service provision rather than the specific structured day-care model." }] }, { "code" : "1351731006", "display" : "Provision of dehumidifier", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to improve indoor air quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A dehumidifier is a specific type of goods provided to improve indoor air quality (by reducing moisture), so the SNOMED concept is more specific than this ICHI code which covers all goods provided to improve indoor air quality. No more specific ICHI code for humidity control or dehumidifier exists in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "444895009", "display" : "Provision of drinking aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A drinking aid is an assistive product provided for personal use in daily living, which fits within UAD.RD.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all goods for daily living rather than specifically drinking aids." }] }, { "code" : "243734009", "display" : "Provision of electronic low vision aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An electronic low vision aid is an assistive product supplied for personal daily living use, fitting within UAD.RD.ZZ; no more specific ICHI code for electronic visual aids or low vision devices was found, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best available but considerably broader match." }] }, { "code" : "228621007", "display" : "Provision of environmental control system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.DP.ZZ", "display" : "Installation of assistive products for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An environmental control system (ECS) is an assistive technology device that enables people with physical disabilities to control home appliances and their environment; its provision involves installation/fitting, which aligns with UAD.DP.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any assistive product for personal daily living, not specifically ECS/home automation systems." }] }, { "code" : "312631009", "display" : "Provision of feeding aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A feeding aid (adapted cutlery, plate guards, etc.) is an assistive product for daily living that is handed/provided to the patient; UAD.RD.ZZ covers the act of providing such goods. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all goods for personal daily living, not specifically feeding aids." }] }, { "code" : "312346007", "display" : "Provision of foot orthosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PND.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to foot", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A foot orthosis (insole, ankle-foot orthosis, etc.) is an assistive product applied to the foot, and PND.DP.AH directly captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product at the foot site. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any assistive product at the foot, not exclusively orthoses." }] }, { "code" : "302807005", "display" : "Provision of footwear", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Footwear is a product for personal daily use; in the absence of a specific ICHI code for footwear provision, UAD.RD.ZZ is the most appropriate available code. The ICHI code is broader as it spans all goods for daily living rather than footwear specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715936003", "display" : "Provision of formal caregiver patient escort", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes the specific act of a formal caregiver escorting a patient (accompanying them to appointments or locations), which falls under the broader ICHI category covering the provision of services by personal care providers and personal assistants. UCH.RG.ZZ is broader because it encompasses the full range of personal care and assistant services, not just escort/accompaniment." }] }, { "code" : "228618005", "display" : "Provision of hand rail", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAL.TM.ZZ", "display" : "Environment modification to aspects of buildings for private use", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hand rail is typically installed as a home modification to support mobility and safety in private dwellings; the closest ICHI concept is environment modification to buildings for private use, which covers such structural adaptations. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any building modification, while the SNOMED concept is specific to providing a hand rail." }] }, { "code" : "243729005", "display" : "Provision of headband distance telescope", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A headband distance telescope is a low-vision optical aid (an assistive product worn on the head to enhance distance vision), which falls within the scope of providing assistive goods for personal use in daily living. No more specific ICHI code exists for optical/telescopic low-vision aids as prescription items." }] }, { "code" : "715932001", "display" : "Provision of healthcare assistant patient escort", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Healthcare assistants providing patient escort services are personal care providers/assistants in the ICHI framework; UCH.RG.ZZ captures the act of providing such personal care support services. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of personal care and assistant services rather than being limited to healthcare assistant escort specifically." }] }, { "code" : "228614007", "display" : "Provision of hoist", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hoist (patient/person lift) is an assistive product used for moving or repositioning persons with limited mobility, fitting within the ICHI category for providing goods related to personal indoor and outdoor mobility. UAE.RD.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all mobility-related goods, not just hoisting equipment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "1351733009", "display" : "Provision of humidifier", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to improve indoor air quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A humidifier is a device provided to improve indoor air quality (specifically humidity), so this code captures the correct environmental target and \"providing goods\" action. However, UBL.RD.ZZ is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses any goods for indoor air quality, not specifically humidification devices." }] }, { "code" : "1351557007", "display" : "Provision of hygrometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBL.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to improve indoor air quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hygrometer is a measurement instrument for indoor humidity/air quality; providing it falls under supplying goods related to indoor air quality. UBL.RD.ZZ is broader as it covers all goods for indoor air quality improvement, not specifically humidity-monitoring instruments." }] }, { "code" : "715939005", "display" : "Provision of informal caregiver patient escort", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCH.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from personal care providers and personal assistants", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An informal caregiver providing patient escort is a form of personal care support service; UCH.RG.ZZ is the closest match in the support-and-relationships domain. The ICHI code is broader because it covers the full range of personal care provider services." }] }, { "code" : "423785008", "display" : "Provision of interpreter/translator services", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCL.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from other professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Interpreter/translator services are a form of professional support service; UCL.RG.ZZ is the best available ICHI code under the support-and-relationships environment domain. The match is wider because UCL covers any non-specified professional support, while the SNOMED concept is specific to language interpretation/translation." }] }, { "code" : "1344653007", "display" : "Provision of kitchenware", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Kitchenware is a subset of products and technology for personal use in daily living, so UAD.RD.ZZ is broader than the specific SNOMED concept. No narrower ICHI code exists specifically for kitchenware or kitchen equipment." }] }, { "code" : "226051008", "display" : "Provision of lift", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lift (stairlift or patient hoist) is a mobility and transportation assistive product, falling under UAE.RD.ZZ, but that code covers all mobility/transportation goods broadly, not just lifts specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243752009", "display" : "Provision of long cane", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A long cane (white cane) is an assistive product for personal mobility used by visually impaired persons; ICHI lists \"White canes\" and \"Canes/sticks\" as extension terms without standalone assignable codes, making UAE.RD.ZZ the closest assignable category covering provision of such mobility goods." }] }, { "code" : "312614002", "display" : "Provision of mainstream school, modified", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support to enable participation in school education, which encompasses the act of providing a mainstream school placement, but the ICHI code does not capture the \"modified\" (i.e., adapted curriculum or environment) distinction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "312615001", "display" : "Provision of mainstream school, unmodified", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the modified variant, STE.RB.ZZ is the best ICHI match for arranging school education participation, but the code covers all practical support for school engagement without specifying whether the curriculum is standard or adapted, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "713114000", "display" : "Provision of medication list", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Planning in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.TB.ZZ, under the interventions on medicaments block, is the closest ICHI code for producing a structured medication-related document; however, it encompasses the broader activity of medication planning rather than specifically the act of compiling and providing a medication list." }] }, { "code" : "713113006", "display" : "Provision of medication schedule", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Planning in relation to medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A medication schedule (a timed dosing plan) is a specific output of medication planning, so UAC.TB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code, but it is broader, covering all forms of planning in relation to medications rather than the specific act of creating and providing a dosing schedule." }] }, { "code" : "713112001", "display" : "Provision of memory device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A memory device (e.g. an electronic reminder aid used for cognitive compensation) is a specific type of assistive product for daily living; ICHI has no dedicated code for memory/reminder device provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest assignable code but covers all daily-living goods broadly." }] }, { "code" : "1338051003", "display" : "Provision of microwave oven", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A microwave oven provided as a health intervention (e.g. for a patient unable to use conventional cooking) is a product for personal use in daily living; ICHI contains no code specific to kitchen appliance provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available match, though it is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "713111008", "display" : "Provision of monitored dosage system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A monitored dosage system (pill organiser/compliance aid) is an assistive product for administering medicines; ICHI contains an \"Assistive products for administrating medicines\" entry but it carries no assignable code, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest codeable option, albeit broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "313125000", "display" : "Provision of nocturnal bladder warning system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nocturnal bladder (enuresis) alarm is an assistive signalling product for managing incontinence; ICHI lists \"Personal emergency alarm systems\" but it has no assignable code, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best codeable match and is wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "243733003", "display" : "Provision of non-optical low vision aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Non-optical low vision aids (e.g. large-print materials, talking clocks, lighting aids) are assistive products for daily living; no assignable ICHI code exists for non-optical low vision aids specifically, making UAD.RD.ZZ the best codeable choice despite being broader." }] }, { "code" : "312617009", "display" : "Provision of nursery school, modified", "target" : [{ "code" : "STD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in preschool education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STD.RB.ZZ covers practical support for preschool/nursery-school participation, which broadly matches the concept of arranging or facilitating modified nursery school attendance. However, it does not capture the \"modified\" (adapted/special-needs) dimension of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "312618004", "display" : "Provision of nursery school, unmodified", "target" : [{ "code" : "STD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in preschool education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STD.RB.ZZ represents practical support to enable engagement in preschool education, which aligns with facilitating standard nursery school attendance. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of practical support for preschool participation, not only the act of arranging or providing a nursery school placement." }] }, { "code" : "243706002", "display" : "Provision of ocular cosmetic shell", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of ocular prosthetics", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A cosmetic ocular shell is a type of ocular prosthetic, and BZZ.SM.AH covers management (which includes fitting and provision) of ocular prosthetics. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all ocular prosthetic management activities and does not distinguish a cosmetic shell specifically from other ocular prostheses." }] }, { "code" : "448389006", "display" : "Provision of pedometer", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to support improved physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pedometer is a physical activity monitoring device provided specifically to support improved physical activity behaviours, which maps well to VEB.RD.ZZ. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any goods supporting physical activity behaviour improvement, not only pedometers specifically." }] }, { "code" : "183232006", "display" : "Provision of penile sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DP.AH", "display" : "Fitting of external penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A penile sheath (condom catheter used for urinary management) is an external device fitted to the penis, which corresponds most closely to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) in the penis interventions block. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any external penile device fitting rather than being specific to urinary sheaths." }] }, { "code" : "243756007", "display" : "Provision of penile tension band device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DP.AH", "display" : "Fitting of external penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A penile tension band (used for erectile dysfunction management) is an external device applied to the penis, mapping to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) as the closest available code for externally fitted penile devices. The ICHI code is broader since it does not distinguish between device types or clinical purposes." }] }, { "code" : "243755006", "display" : "Provision of penile vacuum constriction device", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.DP.AH", "display" : "Fitting of external penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A penile vacuum constriction device is an external device used to induce erection and maps to NGM.DP.AH (fitting of external penile prosthesis) as the best available ICHI code for externally fitted penile devices. The ICHI code is broader as it does not differentiate between external device types (prosthesis, vacuum device, tension band)." }] }, { "code" : "443131005", "display" : "Provision of personal alarm device with link to provider service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.DP.ZZ", "display" : "Installation of assistive products for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A personal alarm device with a provider link is a communication-oriented assistive product, and UAF.DP.ZZ covers installation of assistive products for communication broadly; it is wider because it encompasses all communication assistive products, not specifically alarm devices linked to a monitoring service." }] }, { "code" : "736762004", "display" : "Provision of personal protective equipment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods to support improved safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Providing PPE is supplying goods for safety purposes, which aligns with VC1.RD.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is framed around behaviour support rather than the direct act of equipment provision, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "312620001", "display" : "Provision of pre-school age home teacher", "target" : [{ "code" : "STD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in preschool education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Arranging a home teacher for a pre-school child is a form of practical support facilitating engagement in preschool education; ICHI is wider because it covers any such practical support and does not specify home-based delivery." }] }, { "code" : "312619007", "display" : "Provision of pre-school play group", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in playing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pre-school play group is a structured social-play environment; SXD.RB.ZZ is the closest match as it targets facilitation of play participation, but is wider because it covers any practical support for playing." }] }, { "code" : "763308002", "display" : "Provision of prefabricated pneumatic walking brace", "target" : [{ "code" : "PNC.DP.AH", "display" : "Installation of assistive product to lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pneumatic walking brace (e.g., aircast) is an assistive product applied to the lower leg, and PNC.DP.AH is the anatomically specific ICHI code; it is wider because it covers any lower-leg assistive product." }] }, { "code" : "228606001", "display" : "Provision of pressure garment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pressure (compression) garments; UAD.RD.ZZ is the nearest applicable concept but is much broader than pressure garments alone." }] }, { "code" : "228617000", "display" : "Provision of pressure relief equipment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no standalone assignable category for provision of pressure relief equipment as a clinical intervention; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest parent-level code but substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "312634001", "display" : "Provision of prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.DP.ZZ", "display" : "Installation of assistive products, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI prosthesis codes are body-part-specific with no general \"provision of prosthesis\" category; UA1.DP.ZZ is the closest generic match for installation of assistive products at the unspecified level." }] }, { "code" : "715946001", "display" : "Provision of registered nurse patient escort", "target" : [{ "code" : "UCK.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing services in relation to support from health professionals", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A registered nurse escorting a patient is a specific instance of a health professional providing a support service, fitting UCK.RG.ZZ; however, ICHI does not distinguish escort/accompaniment as a discrete action, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "446499008", "display" : "Provision of replacement hearing aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.KB.ZZ", "display" : "Change of products and technology for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAF targets products and technology for communication (where hearing aids fall) and the action KB (\"change\") captures replacing an existing device; the code is broader because it covers any communication technology change." }] }, { "code" : "228611004", "display" : "Provision of seating", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Seating (including specialised/adaptive seating) falls under products and technology for personal daily living; the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all personal daily-living goods." }] }, { "code" : "312622009", "display" : "Provision of special class unit - mainstream school", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Establishing a special class unit within a mainstream school is a form of practical, structural support enabling engagement in school education (STE/RB); the code is broader because it covers any practical support for school participation." }] }, { "code" : "312623004", "display" : "Provision of special day school", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A special day school is a specialist non-residential placement for children with SEN; ICHI's STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support for school education without distinction for special needs or day/residential delivery." }] }, { "code" : "312621002", "display" : "Provision of special educational needs nursery", "target" : [{ "code" : "STD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in preschool education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A SEN nursery is a pre-school setting for children with disabilities or developmental needs, mapping to ICHI's preschool education target (STD); ICHI does not capture the special-needs specificity." }] }, { "code" : "312624005", "display" : "Provision of special residential school", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A special residential school is a boarding school for children with SEN; STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support for school education generally with no distinction for residential placement." }] }, { "code" : "312627003", "display" : "Provision of specialist further education", "target" : [{ "code" : "STG.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in higher education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UK \"further education\" refers to post-school education for individuals who may have disabilities, aligning with ICHI's higher-education target (STG); ICHI does not capture the specialist/disability-adapted nature." }] }, { "code" : "445062008", "display" : "Provision of specialized eating utensils", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Specialized eating utensils are assistive products for personal daily living; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest match but is broader, covering any daily living product rather than adapted eating utensils specifically." }] }, { "code" : "243725004", "display" : "Provision of telescopic spectacles", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No assignable ICHI code exists for provision of spectacles or optical aids specifically; UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available code covering provision of assistive products for personal daily use, but is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1234811005", "display" : "Provision of therapeutic bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A therapeutic bed is an assistive product for personal daily living; the ICHI code covers all goods for personal daily use and is broader than the specific provision of a therapeutic bed." }] }, { "code" : "736858000", "display" : "Provision of toileting aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A toileting aid is an assistive product for daily self-care; UAD.RD.ZZ is the closest assignable code covering provision of assistive goods for personal daily living, though much broader." }] }, { "code" : "1230037001", "display" : "Provision of urine bottle", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urine bottle (urinal) is a personal daily living product; ICHI has no specific code for urine bottle provision, so UAD.RD.ZZ is the best available match though broader." }] }, { "code" : "734487007", "display" : "Provision of voice production device", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAF.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for communication", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A voice production device (e.g., electrolarynx or speech-generating device) is a communication technology product; UAF.RD.ZZ captures the act of providing communication goods at a broader level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "866180008", "display" : "Provision of wearable defibrillation system", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wearable defibrillation vest is an external, non-implanted personal health device; ICHI implantable defibrillator codes do not apply, making UAD.RD.ZZ the broadest reasonable fit for providing this personal-use medical device." }] }, { "code" : "228613001", "display" : "Provision of wheelchair", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAE.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A wheelchair is a product for personal mobility, and UAE.RD.ZZ specifically covers providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation; the code is wider because it encompasses all mobility/transportation goods." }] }, { "code" : "243741003", "display" : "Provision of work clamp", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAH.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing goods for employment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A work clamp is an assistive device used in vocational/employment contexts; UAH.RD.ZZ covers provision of any products and technology for employment purposes, broader than this specific adaptive tool." }] }, { "code" : "699840007", "display" : "Provision of written information about antibiotic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, encompassing antibiotics as a subcategory but not restricting to antibiotic therapy or specifying the written modality." }] }, { "code" : "699833006", "display" : "Provision of written information about atrial fibrillation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac rhythm disorder, so cardiovascular system education is the most relevant ICHI category; the code covers all cardiovascular functions broadly rather than AF specifically." }] }, { "code" : "715879000", "display" : "Provision of written information about diabetes and high cholesterol", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETB.PM.ZZ covers education about general metabolic functions, encompassing diabetes, but does not capture the lipid/cholesterol component; a single ICHI code cannot represent both conditions." }] }, { "code" : "719943000", "display" : "Provision of written information about diabetes and high hemoglobin A1c level", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETB.PM.ZZ is the best fit for diabetes-related metabolic education, but HbA1c is a haematological laboratory marker not separately captured in ICHI; the code is broader and does not reflect the glycaemic monitoring focus." }] }, { "code" : "715759002", "display" : "Provision of written information about diabetes and hypertension", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETB.PM.ZZ addresses the diabetes/metabolic component but does not cover hypertension, which falls under vascular/blood pressure functions in ICHI; no single ICHI category captures both conditions." }] }, { "code" : "21611000175104", "display" : "Provision of written information about exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish written from verbal education; VEB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting physical activity behaviours broadly, which subsumes the SNOMED concept of providing written information about exercise." }] }, { "code" : "771553006", "display" : "Provision of written information about female genital mutilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no FGM-specific education code; VBB.PM.ZZ is the closest as FGM is classified internationally as a form of gender-based/family violence, but the code is broader and does not capture the written information modality." }] }, { "code" : "734805007", "display" : "Provision of written information about financial support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEN.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about social security services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Financial support entitlements fall within the social security domain in ICHI; UEN.PM.ZZ covers education about social security services broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "718287008", "display" : "Provision of written information about heart failure", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no heart failure-specific education code; HT2.PM.ZZ is the best available match as heart failure represents impaired cardiovascular function, though it encompasses all cardiovascular function education." }] }, { "code" : "734280006", "display" : "Provision of written information about hospice service", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hospice is a specific type of health service; UEP.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code covering education about health services broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept restricted to hospice services." }] }, { "code" : "699841006", "display" : "Provision of written information about parenting", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEJ.PM.ZZ directly covers education targeting parenting behaviours; however, it is broader (any parenting education modality) and does not specify the written modality of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "734277005", "display" : "Provision of written information about social support", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match but is broader: not restricted to written information and encompasses services/systems/policies rather than social support alone." }] }, { "code" : "734330002", "display" : "Provision of written information about writing Last Will and Testament", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about aspects of legal services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEJ.PM.ZZ covers education about legal services broadly, subsuming Last Will and Testament information; however, it is wider and does not distinguish written information or the specific topic." }] }, { "code" : "1620551000168100", "display" : "PSMA-PET - prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BG", "display" : "Positron emission tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for prostate-targeted PET or PSMA radioligand specificity; PZA.BA.BG covers whole-body PET and is broader in target and tracer-agnostic." }] }, { "code" : "90820002", "display" : "Psychiatric drug therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's pharmacotherapy administration code is not restricted to psychiatric medications, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a psychiatric context." }] }, { "code" : "302440009", "display" : "Psychiatric pharmacologic management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pharmacotherapy prescription\" captures the prescribing/management activity most closely, but is not restricted to psychiatric pharmacology, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "61436009", "display" : "Psychoanalysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish psychoanalytic orientation from other psychotherapy modalities; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the best fit but is broader since it encompasses all whole-person psychotherapy modalities, not psychoanalysis specifically." }] }, { "code" : "302235004", "display" : "Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate psychoanalytic or psychodynamic orientations; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the whole-person scope but is broader as it covers all whole-person psychotherapy modalities." }] }, { "code" : "53508008", "display" : "Psychodrama", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Psychodrama is a group-based expressive psychotherapy with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest match but does not capture the role-play/enactment methodology specific to psychodrama." }] }, { "code" : "225217007", "display" : "Psychodynamic and/or supportive psychotherapeutic intervention", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish psychodynamic or supportive psychotherapy orientations; PZB.PQ.ZZ serves as the best whole-person psychotherapy residual but lacks specificity to either named modality." }] }, { "code" : "314034001", "display" : "Psychodynamic psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies psychotherapy by target domain rather than theoretical orientation; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the most appropriate residual for whole-person psychotherapy but is wider than psychodynamic-specific therapy." }] }, { "code" : "702545008", "display" : "Psychoeducation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PM.ZZ covers education about mental functions broadly; it is broader than psychoeducation, which is specifically structured education about psychiatric illness/mental health for patients/families." }] }, { "code" : "391237005", "display" : "Psychological therapies - 1-2 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no axis to capture treatment frequency; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy component but omits the 1-2 contacts/week frequency qualifier central to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "391239008", "display" : "Psychological therapies - 1-3 contacts/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI cannot represent contact frequency; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the closest available code but is wider as the 1-3 contacts/month frequency dimension is absent." }] }, { "code" : "391227000", "display" : "Psychological therapies - 24 hour not intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the psychotherapy intervention but does not encode the 24-hour, non-intensive service delivery pattern; ICHI has no mechanism for contact frequency or treatment intensity." }] }, { "code" : "391233009", "display" : "Psychological therapies - 3-5 contacts/week", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions generally; the 3-5 contacts/week frequency is not representable in ICHI's classification structure." }] }, { "code" : "391242002", "display" : "Psychological therapies - <1 contact/month", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ is the appropriate psychotherapy code; the defining feature (<1 contact/month) is an administrative attribute ICHI does not encode." }] }, { "code" : "391232004", "display" : "Psychological therapies - Daily intensive", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ maps to the psychotherapy intervention but does not distinguish daily intensive delivery; ICHI encodes what is done and by what means, not intensity or scheduling." }] }, { "code" : "391228005", "display" : "Psychological therapies - Full day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy for mental functions but does not capture the full-day day-care service model; ICHI has no place for care setting or session length." }] }, { "code" : "391229002", "display" : "Psychological therapies - Part day : day care", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for partial-day or day-care programme delivery; AS1.PQ.ZZ captures the modality but is broader, omitting the part-day/day-care service format." }] }, { "code" : "444778007", "display" : "Psychosexual assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUA.AA.ZZ captures assessment of sexual functions, which is the procedural core; it is slightly broader as it covers all forms of sexual function assessment and does not distinguish the psychosexual dimension specifically." }] }, { "code" : "171023003", "display" : "Psychosexual counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NUA.PP.ZZ is counselling targeted at sexual functions; it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it encompasses all counselling for sexual functions rather than the psychosexual (psychological-relational) dimension specifically." }] }, { "code" : "408920002", "display" : "Psychosocial analysis assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.AA.ZZ maps directly to assessment of global psychosocial functions; it is slightly broader as ICHI does not distinguish a structured analytical methodology from any other psychosocial assessment." }] }, { "code" : "385859008", "display" : "Psychosocial analysis education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.PM.ZZ covers education about global psychosocial functions broadly, which encompasses the educational component but does not capture the analytical/assessment dimension implicit in \"psychosocial analysis.\"" }] }, { "code" : "428997004", "display" : "Psychosocial counseling about cancer", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATF.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling for global psychosocial functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATF.PP.ZZ matches counselling action directed at global psychosocial functions; however, it is broader as it does not capture the cancer-specific context, and ICHI has no oncology-specific counselling codes." }] }, { "code" : "266744007", "display" : "Psychotherapy/sociotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ represents psychotherapy for mental functions broadly; sociotherapy has no dedicated ICHI code, so the psychotherapy axis is matched and the sociotherapy dimension is unrepresented." }] }, { "code" : "32189006", "display" : "Pubiotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pubiotomy is incision of the pubic bone specifically; ICHI's closest non-delivery-specific code is osteotomy of pelvis, which is wider as it covers all pelvic bone incision rather than the pubic bone alone." }] }, { "code" : "231208005", "display" : "Pudendal nerve block - transvaginal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pudendal nerve is a peripheral nerve; ACA.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into any peripheral nerve but does not specify the pudendal nerve or capture the transvaginal approach." }] }, { "code" : "231209002", "display" : "Pudendal nerve block: transperineal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into a peripheral nerve but does not distinguish the transperineal approach or specify the pudendal nerve as the target." }] }, { "code" : "64682006", "display" : "Pulmonary perfusion imaging, gaseous", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pulmonary scan\" covers radionuclide imaging of the lung, encompassing perfusion scanning, but does not distinguish gaseous (inhaled radioactive gas) versus particulate-based perfusion modalities." }] }, { "code" : "31962004", "display" : "Pulmonary perfusion imaging, particulate", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifies particulate-based perfusion imaging (e.g., Tc-99m MAA), but JBF.BA.BE encompasses all lung radionuclide scans without distinguishing by agent type." }] }, { "code" : "66088009", "display" : "Pulmonary perfusion study", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Pulmonary perfusion study\" is general radionuclide perfusion imaging of the lung; JBF.BA.BE is the best available match but is slightly broader as it is not restricted to perfusion." }] }, { "code" : "15081005", "display" : "Pulmonary rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary programme (exercise, education, self-management); JT2.PH.ZZ captures the dominant therapeutic action but is broader and omits the structured multi-component nature." }] }, { "code" : "57113004", "display" : "Pulmonary ventilation study", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pulmonary ventilation study uses inhaled radionuclides to assess regional lung ventilation, falling within \"Pulmonary scan\"; JBF.BA.BE is broader as it covers all lung radionuclide scanning without ventilation-specific differentiation." }] }, { "code" : "2535006", "display" : "Pulpectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pulpectomy (complete removal of dental pulp) is a core component of root canal therapy, but KAE.ML.AC covers the full root canal therapy procedure including canal shaping, cleaning, and obturation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "68660007", "display" : "Punch biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Punch biopsy is a specific percutaneous skin-sampling technique; ICHI has no generic \"punch biopsy\" code, so the residual NEC skin biopsy code (unspecified body region) is the closest fit and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "443964009", "display" : "Puncture and aspiration of seroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A seroma is a subcutaneous fluid collection drained by needle puncture; the ICHI code covers any fluid collection in that compartment, making it broader than the seroma-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "75908002", "display" : "Puncture and drainage of pituitary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EAA.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pituitary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Drainage of pituitary gland\" covers the same procedure semantically, but the means axis (AA = open) does not specify the percutaneous/needle puncture approach implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "711352003", "display" : "Puncture of cyst of kidney using computed tomography guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JB.AE encompasses aspiration of a renal cyst by percutaneous approach but is broader: it does not specify a cyst lesion and does not encode CT guidance (normally captured via an extension code)." }] }, { "code" : "443272003", "display" : "Puncture of peripheral vein using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DIA.AH.XA is the closest ICHI category for venipuncture, but it does not specify venous access per se, does not encode ultrasound guidance, and does not exclude non-venous blood collection routes." }] }, { "code" : "392218004", "display" : "Puncture of sphenoid sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.JB.AE is the only ICHI category that explicitly encodes puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage; the sphenoid sinus block has no dedicated puncture category, so the NEC paranasal sinus code is broader than the sphenoid-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "127592003", "display" : "Putti-Platt operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDL.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Putti-Platt procedure is a specific shoulder stabilisation technique (subscapularis shortening with anterior capsulorrhaphy); MDL.LC.AA captures the functional goal and shoulder ligament target but does not encode the specific subscapularis plication component." }] }, { "code" : "315636009", "display" : "Putting patient to bed at night", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for the specific nursing/carer task of settling a patient into bed at night; ATK.RB.ZZ is the closest functional fit covering practical supportive assistance for sleep, but it encompasses any sleep-related support rather than the specific bedtime act." }] }, { "code" : "38841005", "display" : "Pyloric antrotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.FA.AA", "display" : "Gastrotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pyloric antrotomy (incision of the pyloric antrum); KBF.FA.AA (open incision of the stomach) is the closest available code but covers any open gastric incision rather than the specific antral incision." }] }, { "code" : "252235007", "display" : "Pyruvate tolerance test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pyruvate tolerance or other carbohydrate/organic acid loading tests; ETB.AA.ZZ is the closest fit but covers all general metabolic assessments rather than this one specific provocation test." }] }, { "code" : "183307006", "display" : "Quadriceps exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle power functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to quadriceps exercises; MUB.PG.ZZ covers therapist-assisted exercise targeting muscle power functions broadly, encompassing any muscle group rather than just the quadriceps." }] }, { "code" : "266876006", "display" : "Quadricepsplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for quadricepsplasty (surgical lengthening/release of the quadriceps); MLM.ML.AA is the closest match but covers any reconstructive procedure on any thigh muscle." }] }, { "code" : "714696009", "display" : "Quantitative measurement of hemoglobin F in maternal blood specimen using flow cytometry technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AB.ZZ is the closest assignable code but is far broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies fetal haemoglobin (HbF) as the analyte, flow cytometry as the technique, and maternal blood as the specimen type." }] }, { "code" : "34490006", "display" : "Quantitative photoplethysmography, arterial", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITB.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood vessel functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ITB.AB.AH covers non-invasive measurement of blood vessel functions (encompassing arterial photoplethysmography), but does not specify photoplethysmography as the means or restrict the target to the arterial side." }] }, { "code" : "252775003", "display" : "Quantitative sensory test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AV2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Quantitative sensory testing (QST) systematically measures thresholds across modalities (thermal, vibration, pain/pressure); AV2.AC.ZZ is the best available residual category for a multi-modality sensory assessment but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "391077008", "display" : "Quantitative ultrasound scan of heel", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Quantitative ultrasound of the heel (calcaneus) is a specific bone densitometry technique for osteoporosis screening; ICHI has no dedicated bone densitometry code, so MZZ.BA.BJ is the closest match but does not specify the calcaneus target or quantitative/densitometric nature." }] }, { "code" : "406600006", "display" : "Rabies prophylaxis", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rabies prophylaxis typically involves percutaneous (intramuscular) injection of rabies vaccine and/or human rabies immunoglobulin; DTB.VD.AE is the best available match but is broader as it does not specify the rabies antigen or distinguish pre/post-exposure prophylaxis." }] }, { "code" : "20191000", "display" : "Radial immunodiffusion measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of immunological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AB.ZZ covers measurement of immunological system functions in general, which subsumes radial immunodiffusion (a gel-diffusion technique for quantifying immunoglobulins/serum proteins), but does not encode the specific assay technique." }] }, { "code" : "225336000", "display" : "Radiation risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBR.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of the impact of radiation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Assessment of the impact of radiation\" encompasses radiation risk assessment but is broader as it applies across all environmental radiation contexts (public health, occupational) and is not specific to clinical patient-level risk assessment." }] }, { "code" : "88088007", "display" : "Radical excision with lymph node dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.JL.AA", "display" : "Radical excision of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure encompassing radical excision plus lymph node dissection; DFA.JL.AA covers only radical excision of lymph nodes themselves with no specified primary site, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "359728003", "display" : "Radical mastectomy including pectoral muscles and axillary lymph nodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JL.AA", "display" : "Radical mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JL.AA semantically aligns with the Halsted-type radical mastectomy described in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI title does not explicitly encode the inclusion of pectoral muscles and axillary lymph nodes." }] }, { "code" : "14027001", "display" : "Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of flank", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no radical excision (JL action) code for soft tissue and no site-specific code for flank; MRS.JJ.AA is broader in both action (partial rather than radical) and site (unspecified rather than flank)." }] }, { "code" : "74721009", "display" : "Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of forearm area", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a forearm musculoskeletal block but it covers only bone; soft tissue excision codes exist only under MRS (unspecified site), making MRS.JJ.AA broader in both action and site." }] }, { "code" : "78342004", "display" : "Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of shoulder area", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a shoulder musculoskeletal block covering bone, joint, ligament, and tendon but no shoulder-specific soft tissue surgical excision code; MRS.JJ.AA is broader than the SNOMED concept in both action and site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "62931007", "display" : "Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of upper arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The upper arm musculoskeletal block covers bone, elbow joint, and fascia but has no soft tissue excision codes; MRS.JJ.AA is broader due to unspecified site and partial rather than radical action coding." }] }, { "code" : "709092004", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of base of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the correct target (tongue) and action (destruction of lesion or tissue) but does not distinguish the radiofrequency means or the specific sub-site (base of tongue)." }] }, { "code" : "709084008", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the only ICHI destruction code for bone; it is wider as it describes destruction of bone generally rather than specifically a lesion, and does not specify radiofrequency as the means." }] }, { "code" : "49951000087104", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of large intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures destruction of a lesion in the colon but is wider — covers all destruction modalities without specifying radiofrequency, and \"colon\" does not encompass the entire large intestine." }] }, { "code" : "448781006", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers percutaneous destruction of any lesion or tissue of the liver, matching the anatomical target and percutaneous approach, but does not specify the radiofrequency modality." }] }, { "code" : "709091006", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of nasal turbinate", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAC.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of nasal turbinate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the only destruction code for the nasal turbinate in ICHI; the code does not specify the radiofrequency means and encompasses all destructive modalities (RFA, cryotherapy, laser, cautery)." }] }, { "code" : "1287995009", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of pancreatic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers destruction of lesions in either the pancreas or pancreatic duct across all approaches and modalities, broader in both anatomical scope and technique." }] }, { "code" : "448640008", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of peripheral nerve using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the percutaneous approach and peripheral nerve destruction action, but does not specify radiofrequency as the modality or fluoroscopy as the imaging guidance technique." }] }, { "code" : "772017001", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation of rectal hemorrhoid", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemorrhoids at the anorectal junction are classified under the anus and anal canal block; KBX.GA.AE captures percutaneous destruction but is broader because it does not specify radiofrequency or hemorrhoid as the specific lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "233163003", "display" : "Radiofrequency ablation operation for arrhythmia", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "RFA for arrhythmia targets the cardiac conduction system via catheter; HFC.GA.AF is broader because it covers any ablation energy modality (not only radiofrequency) and does not name the arrhythmia indication." }] }, { "code" : "171784001", "display" : "Radiofrequency controlled thermal destruction of spinothalamic tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinothalamic tract runs through the spinal cord and its thermal destruction (a cordotomy variant) best fits ABA.GA.AA; the ICHI code covers any destruction of spinal cord tissue and does not distinguish the spinothalamic tract specifically." }] }, { "code" : "231409004", "display" : "Radiofrequency denervation of spinal facet joint of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated facet joint denervation/medial branch neurotomy code; ABN.GA.AE captures the target, action, and route, but \"spinal nerve root\" is broader than the medial branch nerve that innervates the facet joint." }] }, { "code" : "236900009", "display" : "Radiofrequency endometrial ablation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AD", "display" : "Endometrial ablation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.GA.AD covers all methods of endometrial ablation regardless of energy source, broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies radiofrequency; no RF-specific means code exists in ICHI for this target." }] }, { "code" : "713669003", "display" : "Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target, action (GA), and approach (percutaneous, AE) align well — RF thermocoagulation is a form of percutaneous destruction — but the ICHI code encompasses all percutaneous destruction methods." }] }, { "code" : "41747008", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no bone-specific radioisotope scan code — the musculoskeletal imaging NEC block only offers X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound modalities. The closest available radioisotope code is PZA.BA.BE (whole body), which is broader in target but matches the modality exactly." }] }, { "code" : "173771003", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No intestine-specific radioisotope imaging code exists in ICHI; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the entire gastrointestinal tract (which includes the intestine), making it broader in target scope, though the modality (nuclear/radioisotope imaging) is a match." }] }, { "code" : "12124007", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pancreas imaging block (KCO) in ICHI contains only endoscopic ultrasound, plain X-ray, and ultrasound — no radioisotope or nuclear imaging code; the GI tract nuclear code KZZ.BA.BE is also broader and does not specifically address the pancreas, so the only radioisotope imaging code available is the whole body scan PZA.BA.BE." }] }, { "code" : "20384009", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of pituitary", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pituitary gland imaging block (EAA.BA.*) offers CT, CT with contrast, PET, MRI, and MRI with contrast but has no radioisotope scan code; the only available radioisotope imaging code in ICHI is PZA.BA.BE (whole body), which is considerably broader in target than the pituitary gland." }] }, { "code" : "372082006", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of spleen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.BA.BE", "display" : "Spleen scan or function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code is specific to the spleen and uses radioisotope (BE means) as the imaging approach, closely matching the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI title is broader because it encompasses both scan and function study, not exclusively radioisotope scanning." }] }, { "code" : "58719005", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no uterus-specific radioisotope scan code — the uterus imaging block (NME) contains only X-ray and no nuclear medicine options. The whole-body radioisotope scan is the closest available code, but it covers the entire body rather than the uterus specifically, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "431342002", "display" : "Radiolabeled technetium 99m depreotide scan of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tc-99m depreotide is a radiolabeled somatostatin analogue used for scintigraphic imaging of pulmonary nodules, and JBF.BA.BE (lung parenchyma + imaging + radioisotope means BE) captures the core procedure. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide agent or the somatostatin receptor targeting, and \"thorax\" slightly exceeds \"lung parenchyma\" in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "241312000", "display" : "Radionuclide angiography of artery using radioactive isotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BA", "display" : "Imaging of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated radionuclide/radioisotope angiography code for arteries; IZE.BA.BA is the most appropriate residual category covering non-specific imaging of blood vessels, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept — it does not restrict to arteries, to the radionuclide modality, or to the use of radioactive isotopes as the imaging means." }] }, { "code" : "432399008", "display" : "Radionuclide bone imaging of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no nuclear imaging code specific to thoracic bones (ribs, sternum, clavicle); MRB.BA.BE covers nuclear bone imaging at an unspecified skeletal site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's thorax-restricted scope." }] }, { "code" : "241331006", "display" : "Radionuclide duodenogastric reflux study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for duodenogastric reflux scintigraphy; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract broadly as a NEC category, making it wider than the SNOMED concept which targets only the duodenum-to-stomach direction with a radionuclide tracer." }] }, { "code" : "241321004", "display" : "Radionuclide esophageal study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no oesophagus-specific nuclear imaging code — the oesophagus block (KBA) contains only X-ray, contrast X-ray, and endoscopic ultrasound imaging codes with no radionuclide/nuclear means. The GI tract NEC nuclear imaging code KZZ.BA.BE is the closest available match, covering a broader anatomical scope than the oesophagus-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241347008", "display" : "Radionuclide first pass liver study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE explicitly encompasses liver radioisotope studies, making it a strong match; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a \"first pass\" technique (a dynamic bolus-tracking method), while the ICHI code covers all liver scan and radioisotope function study types without specifying the first-pass methodology." }] }, { "code" : "241316002", "display" : "Radionuclide gastric emptying study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no stomach-specific nuclear imaging code — the stomach block (KBF) contains only endoscopic ultrasound and CT gastrography imaging codes with no radionuclide means. The GI tract NEC nuclear imaging code KZZ.BA.BE is the closest available match, covering a broader anatomical and functional scope than the gastric-emptying-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241328005", "display" : "Radionuclide gastro-esophageal reflux study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide/scintigraphic study of the oesophagus or gastroesophageal reflux; the NEC nuclear imaging code for the gastrointestinal tract is the most specific available match and captures the correct modality and body system, but is anatomically much broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763847005", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of adrenal gland using iobenguane (123-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches precisely on both target (adrenal gland) and modality (nuclear/radionuclide imaging), but does not distinguish the specific radiopharmaceutical iobenguane (MIBG 123-I) from other adrenal nuclear studies, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432548002", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of bile acid absorption", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bile acid absorption imaging (e.g. SeHCAT-type studies) targets intestinal absorption function with no dedicated ICHI code; the GI tract NEC nuclear imaging category captures the modality and general body system but is anatomically and functionally much broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287930001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of biliary tract using tauroselcholic acid (75-Se)", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SeHCAT (tauroselcholic acid 75-Se) scan measures bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum and is a functional GI study; ICHI has no code for biliary tract nuclear imaging using a specific radiopharmaceutical, and the GI tract NEC nuclear study is the least-poor residual match, though it is substantially broader in both anatomical scope and functional specificity." }] }, { "code" : "430282003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of brain using ioflupane (123-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ioflupane (123-I) DaTscan is performed using SPECT technology to image dopamine transporters in the brain, making AAA.BA.BF (SPECT of brain) the correct imaging modality and anatomical target. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the specific radiopharmaceutical or the dopamine transporter indication." }] }, { "code" : "431803009", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of gastrointestinal tract using oral chromium 51 ethylenediamine tetra-acetate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE directly represents nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, which matches the anatomical target and imaging modality. ICHI is wider because it does not specify the chromium-51 EDTA tracer or the oral administration route." }] }, { "code" : "765316008", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of gastrointestinal tract using tauroselcholic acid (75-Se)", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, matching the anatomical target and imaging type of this selenium-75 SeHCAT bile acid retention scan. ICHI is wider because it does not encode the specific radiolabelled bile acid tracer or its use for bile acid malabsorption assessment." }] }, { "code" : "765314006", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of hematopoietic system using iron radioisotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "DGA.BA.BE", "display" : "Bone marrow radionucleide scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DGA.BA.BE sits within the \"Interventions on the haematopoietic or lymphatic system\" chapter and represents radionuclide scanning of bone marrow, the primary organ of hematopoiesis. ICHI is wider because it does not capture the specific iron radioisotope tracer used or distinguish ferrokinetic studies from other bone marrow scans." }] }, { "code" : "766223002", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of parathyroid using technetium (99m-Tc) and thallium-201", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE (Parathyroid scan) matches the target organ and the nuclear imaging modality precisely, sitting under \"Interventions on parathyroid gland\" in the endocrine chapter. ICHI is wider because it does not differentiate the dual-isotope Tc-99m/thallium-201 subtraction technique from other parathyroid scintigraphy methods." }] }, { "code" : "710312009", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of perfusion of liver using technetium (99m-Tc) aggregated albumin", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE covers liver radioisotope scans generally, which encompasses this specific perfusion scintigraphy using 99m-Tc aggregated albumin. The ICHI code does not specify the radiopharmaceutical agent (technetium MAA) or the perfusion-specific focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763940008", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using iodine radioisotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning broadly without specifying the radiopharmaceutical agent, so it is wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies iodine as the radioisotope. This is the only assignable ICHI code for thyroid imaging with radionuclides." }] }, { "code" : "764077007", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using technetium radioisotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning without differentiating between tracer agents; this SNOMED concept specifies technetium (99m-Tc pertechnetate) as the radioisotope, a distinction ICHI does not capture, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "764080008", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of thyroid using thallium-201", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE is the single ICHI code for thyroid radionuclide imaging and applies regardless of the specific radioisotope used; this SNOMED concept specifies thallium-201, a level of pharmaceutical specificity not represented in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "764082000", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of thyroid with administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radionuclide scanning generally, whereas this SNOMED concept adds the procedural detail of TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) administration as a stimulation agent — a pharmacological nuance not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "772019003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body for detection of extra-articular leakage of rhenium-186", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE correctly captures whole-body radioisotope imaging but does not encode the specific tracer (rhenium-186) or the clinical purpose (detection of extra-articular leakage), making the ICHI code broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "702618002", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body for detection of liver to lung shunt using technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but omits both the specific radiopharmaceutical (Tc-99m MAA) and the diagnostic intent (liver-to-lung shunt quantification), so the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "433213003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body using gallium", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE correctly represents a radioisotope scan of the whole body but does not distinguish gallium as the specific tracer, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763843009", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body using Iobenguane (123-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane labelled with iodine-123), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763841006", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body using iobenguane (131-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iobenguane labelled with iodine-131), making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "763840007", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body using iodine (131-I)", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers radioisotope scanning of the whole body, which matches the anatomical scope and imaging modality precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide agent (iodine-131), so it encompasses all radioisotope whole-body scans regardless of tracer." }] }, { "code" : "432041001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging of whole body using technetium (99m-Tc) exametazine labeled leukocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE is the closest match as it captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging modality. The ICHI code is broader because it does not differentiate the specific agent (99mTc-exametazine-labelled leukocytes), nor does it reflect the specialised infection/inflammation imaging indication of this technique." }] }, { "code" : "764093003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using chromium-51 labeled erythrocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically represents imaging with chromium-51-labelled erythrocytes (typically used for red cell mass or gastrointestinal blood loss studies). PZA.BA.BE is the best available match covering radioisotope scanning, but it is substantially broader, not specifying the tracer, the labelled cell type, or the body region of interest." }] }, { "code" : "766841001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using gallium-67", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gallium-67 scanning is primarily used as a whole-body radioisotope survey for infection, inflammation, or malignancy, making PZA.BA.BE the most appropriate available code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the gallium-67 tracer or the oncological/infectious indication." }] }, { "code" : "766843003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using high dose gallium-67", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with standard gallium-67 imaging, PZA.BA.BE is the closest available ICHI code; ICHI has no concept of dosage variation within a tracer type, so the high-dose distinction present in the SNOMED concept is entirely lost, making the ICHI code broader than both gallium-67 SNOMED concepts equally." }] }, { "code" : "763859009", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using Indium (111-In) labeled mixed leukocyte", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code encoding the specific tracer (111-In labeled leukocytes) or the clinical indication (infection/inflammation detection). PZA.BA.BE captures the modality (radioisotope/nuclear scintigraphy) and the whole-body scope of leukocyte scanning, but is broader as it does not specify the labeled leukocyte agent." }] }, { "code" : "765013008", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using indium (111-In) labeled monoclonal antibody", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes neither the specific radiopharmaceutical (111-In monoclonal antibody) nor the immunoscintigraphy technique; PZA.BA.BE matches the modality and whole-body scope of this immunoscintigraphy procedure but is broader by omitting the antibody tracer specificity." }] }, { "code" : "763844003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using iobenguane", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Iobenguane (MIBG) scintigraphy primarily targets the adrenal medulla and sympathoadrenal system, making EBC.BA.BE (adrenal gland nuclear imaging) the most clinically specific available ICHI code; however it is broader because ICHI does not encode the MIBG tracer and MIBG scans also cover extra-adrenal sympathetic tissue beyond the adrenal gland alone." }] }, { "code" : "765012003", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using iodine (131-I) labeled monoclonal antibody", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "131-I labeled monoclonal antibody (immunoscintigraphy) is a whole-body nuclear imaging procedure; ICHI has no code for the specific antibody tracer or immunoscintigraphy technique, so PZA.BA.BE captures the modality and scope but is broader by not encoding the labeled antibody agent." }] }, { "code" : "699094001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using lutetium (177-Lu) labeled somatostatin analog", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "177-Lu DOTATATE/DOTATOC imaging (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy) is performed as a whole-body nuclear scan to detect neuroendocrine tumors; ICHI has no code for somatostatin receptor imaging or the lutetium tracer, so PZA.BA.BE matches the modality and whole-body scope but is broader by omitting the radiopharmaceutical and receptor-targeting specificity." }] }, { "code" : "764137001", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) labeled erythrocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to Tc-99m-labeled erythrocyte (red blood cell) scintigraphy; the closest is the whole-body radioisotope scan category, which uses means axis BE (ionising agents, open) covering radioisotope tracers including Tc-99m agents but is broader in that it does not specify the tracer type, labeled erythrocytes, or the clinical indication (e.g., GI bleeding, MUGA)." }] }, { "code" : "765008009", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using technetium (99m-Tc) sulesomab", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sulesomab is a Tc-99m-labeled anti-granulocyte antibody fragment used for whole-body infection/inflammation scintigraphy; ICHI contains no code specific to antibody-labeled or infection-detection radionuclide imaging, so the generic whole-body radioisotope scan (PZA.BA.BE) is the best available code but is broader, capturing neither the specific tracer nor the clinical purpose." }] }, { "code" : "704496006", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging using yttrium (90-Y) labeled somatostatin analog", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Y-90-labeled somatostatin analog imaging (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using an yttrium-labeled peptide) has no dedicated ICHI code; PZA.BA.BE is the closest available code but does not encode the specific radionuclide (Y-90), the tracer class (radiolabeled peptide), or the receptor-targeting mechanism, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "444441005", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction and diagnostic study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes SPECT-CT hybrid imaging where CT is used for attenuation correction alongside a diagnostic radionuclide study; ICHI's PZA.BA.BF captures the SPECT component on a whole-body target but does not encode the CT fusion, attenuation correction, or the specification that this is a diagnostic (rather than localization) study." }] }, { "code" : "444399007", "display" : "Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction and localization", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept is the localization-purpose variant of SPECT-CT; like 444441005, it maps to PZA.BA.BF as ICHI does not distinguish SPECT-CT hybrid modalities from SPECT alone, nor does it differentiate the \"localization\" purpose from \"diagnostic study,\" making the ICHI code broader than both SNOMED concepts (which are themselves distinct from each other in clinical purpose)." }] }, { "code" : "418234000", "display" : "Radionuclide liver and spleen study", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers a combined liver-and-spleen radionuclide study, whereas the best available ICHI code is specific to the liver only (with a separate code, DJA.BA.BE, for the spleen); no single ICHI code covers the combined liver-and-spleen scan, so the liver code is the closest match but is narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept, making it a wider equivalence from the SNOMED perspective." }] }, { "code" : "46854007", "display" : "Radionuclide localization of abscess of whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the radioisotope/nuclear medicine modality applied to the whole body, matching the topography and imaging method; however, it is broader because it does not specify the clinical purpose of abscess localization — ICHI codes are organised by target and action rather than clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "66377006", "display" : "Radionuclide localization of tumor, limited area", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for a limited-area radionuclide tumor localization scan without knowing the specific body region targeted; the whole-body radioisotope scan code is the closest structural match, but it is broader in anatomical scope and does not encode the tumor-localization indication, making it an imprecise fit." }] }, { "code" : "56216006", "display" : "Radionuclide localization of tumor, whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE covers any whole-body radioisotope scan, while the SNOMED concept specifically targets tumor localization (e.g., oncology scintigraphy); the ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict the clinical indication to tumor detection." }] }, { "code" : "241304008", "display" : "Radionuclide lung permeability study", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.BA.BE is the only radioisotope/nuclear imaging code in the lung parenchyma block and encompasses all nuclear lung scans; the SNOMED concept is narrower, specifically designating an aerosol/DTPA inhalation permeability study to assess alveolar-capillary integrity, which is a subspecialty of pulmonary scintigraphy not distinguished in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "241303002", "display" : "Radionuclide mucociliary clearance study", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for mucociliary clearance specifically — this inhaled-tracer technique to measure bronchial mucus transport has no dedicated entry; JBF.BA.BE (Pulmonary scan) is the closest category as a nuclear imaging study on lung parenchyma, but it is substantially broader and does not capture the functional/clearance nature of the study." }] }, { "code" : "241389000", "display" : "Radionuclide parathyroid subtraction study", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE covers radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid gland, which is the correct target and modality. The SNOMED concept specifies a dual-isotope subtraction technique (typically sestamibi minus iodine), a methodological detail that ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16534461000119100", "display" : "Radionuclide scan of lymphatics and lymph nodes of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.BA.BE is the only ICHI code for nuclear/radionuclide imaging of the lymphatic system (lymphoscintigraphy); no code exists specifically for lymphatics and nodes draining the breast (sentinel node mapping). The ICHI code covers all lymphatic vessels without restriction to the breast drainage territory, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16553741000119105", "display" : "Radionuclide scan of whole body for localization of inflammation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BE correctly encodes a whole-body radioisotope scan, matching the modality and anatomical scope of this procedure (e.g., radiolabelled white cell or gallium scan). However, ICHI does not encode the clinical indication (inflammation localization), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "16548241000119107", "display" : "Radionuclide scan of whole body using octreotide for localization of neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but does not encode the specific tracer (octreotide/somatostatin analogue) or the clinical purpose (neoplasm localization), making the ICHI code broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "433028008", "display" : "Radionuclide sentinel lymph node study", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no sentinel-node-specific code; DFO.BA.BE targets the lymphatic vessel broadly via nuclear imaging, which encompasses lymphoscintigraphy used for sentinel node identification, but omits the sentinel-node selection purpose entirely." }] }, { "code" : "431204005", "display" : "Radionuclide single phase bone study of whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a whole-body planar bone scintigraphy; PZA.BA.BE matches the whole-body radioisotope scan scope but does not restrict the target to bone, making it broader — MRB.BA.BE targets bone but is not explicitly whole-body, so the whole-body code is the better semantic anchor." }] }, { "code" : "241336001", "display" : "Radionuclide study for colonic transit", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for colonic transit scintigraphy; KZZ.BA.BE is the residual GI nuclear imaging category and encompasses this study, but is broader as it applies to any GI nuclear study not elsewhere classified." }] }, { "code" : "241322006", "display" : "Radionuclide study for esophageal transit time", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to oesophageal nuclear imaging or transit studies; KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the entire GI tract, making it broader than this esophagus-specific radionuclide transit procedure. No oesophageal-level nuclear imaging code (KBA.BA.BE) exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "241337005", "display" : "Radionuclide study for rectal transit", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no rectal-specific nuclear imaging code (KBW.BA.BE does not exist); KZZ.BA.BE is the best available match, covering nuclear imaging of the GI tract as a whole, which is broader than this rectum-specific radionuclide transit study." }] }, { "code" : "433246009", "display" : "Radionuclide study for small bowel transit time", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no small bowel-specific nuclear imaging code (KBK.BA.BE does not exist); KZZ.BA.BE is the best available match as a GI tract nuclear imaging study that encompasses but is not restricted to the small bowel." }] }, { "code" : "303883000", "display" : "Radionuclide study of bone of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The skull imaging block (MAA) in ICHI contains only X-ray, CT, and MRI codes — no nuclear imaging code for skull or cranial bone exists; MRB.BA.BE (bone of unspecified site) is the closest nuclear imaging code but is anatomically broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies bone of the head." }] }, { "code" : "431652005", "display" : "Radionuclide study of gastrointestinal absorption using radioactive isotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the GI tract broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a radionuclide absorption study (e.g., Schilling test for B12 absorption), which measures absorptive function rather than structural imaging; the ICHI code is broader and sits under the GI \"not elsewhere classified\" residual block with no dedicated absorption-function code available." }] }, { "code" : "442204006", "display" : "Radionuclide study of nasal mucociliary clearance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.AB.AC", "display" : "Nasal function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for radionuclide mucociliary clearance testing; JAA.AB.AC \"Nasal function study\" is the closest available code under \"Interventions on nose,\" but it is broader and non-specific as to technique, covering any assessment of nasal function rather than the radionuclide-specific clearance measurement." }] }, { "code" : "303897008", "display" : "Radionuclide study of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated nuclear imaging code at the stomach (KBF) level — the KBF imaging codes cover only endoscopic ultrasound and CT gastrography — so the best available match is KZZ.BA.BE, the GI tract-level nuclear imaging residual code, which is broader than the stomach-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "442178003", "display" : "Radionuclide study of whole body for detection of right to left shunt using macroaggregated albumin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific whole-body radioisotope imaging procedure using MAA to quantify right-to-left shunting, while PZA.BA.BE covers any radioisotope scan of the whole body without specifying the tracer, clinical indication, or shunt-detection purpose; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "11486001", "display" : "Radionuclide study, circulation time", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.BA.BE", "display" : "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radionuclide circulation time studies (first-pass radionuclide angiography measuring cardiovascular transit times) overlap substantially with cardiac output radionuclide scanning, but HTB.BA.BE encompasses all cardiac output scan modalities and is not limited to circulation time measurement; no more specific ICHI code for circulation time studies exists." }] }, { "code" : "431556001", "display" : "Radionuclide two-phase bone study of whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.BA.BE correctly captures nuclear (radioisotope) imaging of bone but does not specify whole-body coverage or the two-phase (blood-pool plus delayed) acquisition technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which is a specific whole-body two-phase protocol." }] }, { "code" : "228713006", "display" : "Radiotherapy planning using mold room preparation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for radiotherapy planning or mold room preparation; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) is the closest match as a general treatment planning intervention, but it is significantly broader, covering any form of individualised planning for a person rather than the specific radiotherapy mold-room workflow." }] }, { "code" : "703990003", "display" : "Raloxifene therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Raloxifene is an oral SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) and PZA.DB.AC covers oral pharmacotherapy administration, which is the correct route; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any drug given per orifice, with no specificity to the drug class, indication, or target receptor." }] }, { "code" : "410085000", "display" : "Range of motion education", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MTB.PM.ZZ directly captures patient education focused on joint mobility (the functional equivalent of range-of-motion education), but it is not restricted to any specific joint or body region, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which may be applied to a particular anatomical area." }] }, { "code" : "15057003", "display" : "Range of motion measurements and report for hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MTB.AB.ZZ directly encodes measurement of joint mobility, matching the measurement and reporting intent of the SNOMED concept, but it applies to joints generically rather than being specific to the hand, making it broader than this anatomically specific SNOMED code." }] }, { "code" : "397161003", "display" : "Rankin operation, exteriorization of intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LI.AA", "display" : "Colostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Rankin operation is a historical eponym for exteriorization of the intestine resulting in a colostomy; ICHI encodes the outcome procedure (colostomy) without capturing the specific two-stage Rankin technique, making the ICHI code broader than the named SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234834009", "display" : "Re-cement dental restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Re-cementing a dental restoration (re-fixing a displaced crown, inlay, or bridge with cement) is a specific subset of tooth restoration procedures; ICHI's \"Restoration of tooth\" is broader, encompassing all restorative dental work and not specifically denoting re-cementation of a previously placed restoration." }] }, { "code" : "395165008", "display" : "Re-excision of breast for clearance of tumor margins", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the target (breast) and action (local excision of lesion) but does not encode the re-operative nature or the specific clinical intent of margin clearance. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any local breast lesion excision." }] }, { "code" : "396401003", "display" : "Re-excision of lesion of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the action (local excision) on the integumentary system but does not encode the re-operative nature nor is it restricted to a lesion; the NEC residual code is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify body region of skin." }] }, { "code" : "118474006", "display" : "Realignment of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Realignment of bone\" maps well to orthopedic \"reduction,\" and the unspecified-site residual code covers the general, body-region-agnostic SNOMED concept; ICHI is slightly wider as it implies open approach and \"reduction\" has a broader connotation than pure realignment." }] }, { "code" : "257900009", "display" : "Realignment of posterior urethra with fixation of prostate or bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of urethra\" (NAM.MK.AA) is the closest available code, but it does not capture the compound nature of this procedure — specifically the concurrent fixation of the prostate or bladder neck as part of the realignment. ICHI is broader in that it addresses only the urethral repair component without the associated fixation of adjacent structures." }] }, { "code" : "257898007", "display" : "Realignment posterior urethra over catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a specific technique of urethral realignment using a catheter as a guide (typically for pelvic fracture urethral injuries), which ICHI does not represent at this level of specificity; \"Repair of urethra\" is the nearest available code but does not encode the catheter-guided technique or the over-catheter approach." }] }, { "code" : "410099001", "display" : "Reality orientation assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of orientation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATD.AA.ZZ covers assessment of orientation functions broadly, which encompasses reality orientation assessment as a specific method, but the ICHI code is not restricted to the reality orientation technique specifically and applies to any assessment of orientation." }] }, { "code" : "410101008", "display" : "Reality orientation management", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of orientation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATD.PH.ZZ represents therapeutic training of orientation functions, which best captures the active rehabilitation component of reality orientation management, but is not limited to the specific reality orientation technique and thus is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174349004", "display" : "Reanastomosis of rectum to anal canal for correction of congenital atresia of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBW.LB.AA covers anastomosis of the rectum in general, which semantically encompasses the SNOMED procedure, but the ICHI code does not specify the distal target (anal canal), the surgical intent (correction of congenital atresia), or the \"re-\" prefix implying prior failed anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "20452001", "display" : "Reattachment of choroid and retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA (Repair of retina) is the closest ICHI code, covering retinal repair procedures including reattachment; ICHI has no separate code for choroidal involvement or combined choroid-retina reattachment, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72176009", "display" : "Reattachment of choroid and retina by xenon arc photocoagulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCC.MK.AA captures the therapeutic goal (retinal repair/reattachment) but ICHI does not encode the specific modality of xenon arc photocoagulation nor the combined choroid-retina target, making the ICHI code broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "29153005", "display" : "Reattachment of joint capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for joint capsule reattachment; MRJ.MK.AA is the closest match, as capsular reattachment is a form of joint repair, but it covers all joint repair types and all sites while the SNOMED concept specifies only the capsule." }] }, { "code" : "7486007", "display" : "Reattachment of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-unspecified \"reattachment of muscle\" code — the only LB (reattachment) muscle code is the thigh-specific MLM.LB.AA. MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at any site, which is the functional operative equivalent but uses the broader \"repair\" action." }] }, { "code" : "43911009", "display" : "Reattachment of peripheral vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"reattachment of peripheral vessel\" code; IZE.MK.AA covers repair of blood vessels (both artery and vein, unspecified) NEC, which is the closest functional match. It is broader because \"repair\" encompasses interventions beyond reattachment." }] }, { "code" : "33107001", "display" : "Reattachment of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no explicit \"reattachment of tendon\" code at an unspecified site — tendon reattachment (reinsertion/tenodesis) is classified under repair in ICHI. MRT.MK.AA matches the target but the action MK (repair) is broader than the specific reattachment concept." }] }, { "code" : "4319004", "display" : "Rebase of complete lower denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any code specifically for denture rebasing (resurfacing the tissue-fitting surface of a denture); \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the broadest applicable category covering dental prosthetic maintenance procedures." }] }, { "code" : "86806000", "display" : "Rebase of complete upper denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to denture rebasing; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest applicable category but is substantially broader and does not capture arch location or denture type." }] }, { "code" : "34843002", "display" : "Rebase of lower partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for denture rebasing and does not distinguish partial from complete dentures; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" remains the best available category." }] }, { "code" : "2498008", "display" : "Rebase of upper partial denture", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for rebasing a partial denture; \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest available code but covers the full range of dental appliance management without specificity for rebasing, partial denture type, or arch." }] }, { "code" : "171072005", "display" : "Recommend travel vaccinations", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a travel-specific vaccination advising code; DTB.PN.ZZ covers advising about immunological system functions, which is the relevant clinical domain for vaccination recommendations." }] }, { "code" : "183052003", "display" : "Recommendation not to eat", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's individual-level codes do not have a specific code for an NPO or fasting instruction; VEA.PN.ZZ is the closest semantic fit as it represents the clinical advisory act concerning eating. It is broader because it covers all eating behaviour advice." }] }, { "code" : "223434003", "display" : "Recommendation to avoid activity", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about physical activity behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated code for advising activity avoidance or restriction; VEB.PN.ZZ is the best available fit as it covers clinical advice in the physical activity domain including rest or avoidance recommendations." }] }, { "code" : "223435002", "display" : "Recommendation to avoid behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic recommendation to avoid an unspecified behaviour, which maps best to ICHI's \"Advising about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified\". The ICHI code is wider because it covers all advising about lifestyle behaviours." }] }, { "code" : "408428000", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's behavior", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept denotes advising a caregiver about a child's behaviour, which sits squarely within ICHI's parenting behaviour interventions block (VEJ); the ICHI code is wider because it targets parenting behaviours broadly." }] }, { "code" : "408431004", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's dental health", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEE.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about oral hygiene behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dental health recommendations for a child directed at a caregiver map most closely to ICHI's \"Advising about oral hygiene behaviours\". The ICHI code is wider because it covers oral hygiene advising generally, without distinguishing between patient and caregiver recipient." }] }, { "code" : "408430003", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dietary recommendations to a caregiver about a child's diet map best to ICHI's \"Advising about eating behaviours\". The ICHI code is wider because it covers eating behaviour advising in general." }] }, { "code" : "408436009", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's immunizations", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about immunisation behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VDA.PN.ZZ covers advising targeted at immunisation behaviours, which aligns well with a caregiver recommendation about the child's immunisations. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify caregiver recipient." }] }, { "code" : "408432006", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's minor illnesses", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code specific to advising about recognition or management of minor childhood illnesses; VEJ.PN.ZZ captures the act of advising a caregiver in the context of their parenting role." }] }, { "code" : "408438005", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's safety", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VC1.PN.ZZ represents advising on safety-related behaviours in general, which matches the intent of the SNOMED concept. It does not specify that the context is child safety or which safety domain applies." }] }, { "code" : "408434007", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's sleep", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEC.PP.ZZ is the closest available code in the sleep and rest behaviours block; no \"advising\" (PN) action exists for VEC, so \"counselling\" (PP) is the best available action. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify caregiver recipient." }] }, { "code" : "408437000", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's toilet training", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for toilet training advice; VEJ.PN.ZZ captures advising directed at a caregiver in their parenting role. The code is wider because parenting behaviours broadly encompasses far more than toilet training." }] }, { "code" : "408435008", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding child's travel needs", "target" : [{ "code" : "SKA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about using transportation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SKA.PN.ZZ covers advising about the use of transportation generally, which encompasses travel needs but is not restricted to advice given to a caregiver about a child. No more specific ICHI code exists for child travel advice." }] }, { "code" : "408433001", "display" : "Recommendation to caregiver regarding prevention of sudden infant death syndrome", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SIDS prevention counselling is clinically directed at a caregiver's parenting behaviours (infant sleep position, sleep environment), making VEJ.PN.ZZ the best available fit; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any parenting behaviour advice." }] }, { "code" : "361232005", "display" : "Recommendation to change dietary intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEA.PN.ZZ represents advising about eating behaviours, which aligns closely with recommending a change in dietary intake; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all eating behaviour advice, not just advice to change." }] }, { "code" : "46871000087109", "display" : "Recommendation to continue PPI (proton pump inhibitor) therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ (advising about medications) is the closest ICHI category; the ICHI code is considerably broader — it does not capture the specific drug class (PPI), the direction of advice (continuation), or the clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "243077000", "display" : "Recommendation to limit sexual activity", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEF.PN.ZZ covers advising about sexual behaviours in general, which is broader than specifically limiting or restricting sexual activity; the SNOMED concept denotes a directive to reduce/constrain activity whereas the ICHI code encompasses any advisory interaction regarding sexual behaviours." }] }, { "code" : "183051005", "display" : "Recommendation to rest", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence sleep and rest behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEC.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code that addresses rest as a health behaviour target; however it is broader (covering education to influence sleep and rest behaviours generally) and uses an \"education\" action rather than a specific directive or prescription to rest. No narrower ICHI code for prescribing or advising rest exists in the VEC block." }] }, { "code" : "50641000087104", "display" : "Recommendation to restart anticoagulant therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PN.ZZ (Advising about medications) is the best available ICHI match — it covers advising a patient on any medication, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies restarting a particular drug class (anticoagulants)." }] }, { "code" : "46891000087108", "display" : "Recommendation to start PPI (proton pump inhibitor) therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no PPI-specific code; PZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription) captures the clinical act of recommending/prescribing a drug treatment, which is the closest structural match. It is broader because it covers all pharmacotherapy prescriptions, not specifically PPI initiation." }] }, { "code" : "176337003", "display" : "Reconstruction by urethra-meatal advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethra-meatal advancement (a specific open urethroplasty technique used in hypospadias repair) is a form of urethral reconstruction, making NAM.ML.AA the best available ICHI match; the ICHI code is broader as it covers all urethral reconstruction techniques, not just the meatal advancement approach." }] }, { "code" : "238213003", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall using flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.ML.AA is a direct match for abdominal wall reconstruction; the SNOMED concept specifies the technique (flap-based), making the ICHI code broader since it encompasses all methods of abdominal wall reconstruction, not only flap techniques." }] }, { "code" : "391101007", "display" : "Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendon graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.ML.AA covers reconstruction of knee ligaments in general and is the best ICHI match; the SNOMED concept is more specific, designating the ACL as the target ligament and hamstring tendon as the graft source, detail that ICHI does not capture at the category level." }] }, { "code" : "1259135005", "display" : "Reconstruction of anterior skull base using pedicle inferior turbinate flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Cranial osteoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty) is the closest ICHI code covering reconstructive surgery of the skull, which encompasses anterior skull base reconstruction. However, ICHI does not encode the specific technique (pedicle inferior turbinate flap) or the precise anterior skull base location." }] }, { "code" : "425633001", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast using flap of skin of buttock", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA directly matches the target organ and procedure type (breast reconstruction), but ICHI does not encode the specific technique — use of a skin flap from the buttock. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering all breast reconstructions regardless of method." }] }, { "code" : "425538003", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast using free inferior gluteal artery perforator flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA correctly identifies the procedure as breast reconstruction, but ICHI lacks granularity to capture the specific microsurgical free-flap technique (free IGAP flap with perforator vessel dissection)." }] }, { "code" : "427381000", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast using free superior gluteal artery perforator flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA covers breast reconstruction broadly but does not specify the technique (free SGAP flap). ICHI has no code distinguishing free perforator flap variants." }] }, { "code" : "426677002", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA is the only assignable breast reconstruction code in ICHI and does not capture the TRAM flap technique or the use of a myocutaneous flap from the abdomen." }] }, { "code" : "175396000", "display" : "Reconstruction of circle of Willis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The circle of Willis is the arterial polygon formed by intracranial arteries, so IAA.ML.AA (reconstruction of intracranial artery) is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code applies to a single intracranial artery rather than the composite vascular ring." }] }, { "code" : "1287330005", "display" : "Reconstruction of collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint of hand using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to ligament reconstruction or graft at the interphalangeal joint level; MGJ.MK.AA (repair of finger or hand joint) is the closest available code but is broader, covering any joint repair without specifying ligament reconstruction with graft." }] }, { "code" : "112960000", "display" : "Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.ML.AA is a direct title match for the procedure on the conjunctival cul-de-sac, but it does not specify the use of a graft, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly requires graft tissue." }] }, { "code" : "736514007", "display" : "Reconstruction of ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers ear reconstruction generically (including potentially middle or inner ear), while ICHI's reconstruction codes are confined to the external ear or auricle; clinically ear reconstruction most often refers to the external ear, making CAA.ML.AA the best fit." }] }, { "code" : "307548009", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAA.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the external ear but does not encode the specific technique of using a flap; ICHI has no means-axis modifier for flap in this context." }] }, { "code" : "172610006", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear with postauricular skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAA.ML.AA matches the target (external ear) and action (reconstruction), but ICHI does not distinguish the specific flap technique (postauricular skin flap)." }] }, { "code" : "172609001", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear with rim advancement flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAA.ML.AA matches the target and action but does not capture the specific rim advancement flap technique; as with the other flap variants, ICHI provides no means-axis code for this approach." }] }, { "code" : "172611005", "display" : "Reconstruction of external ear with temporalis fascia flap and skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the auricle (the external ear structure), which is the correct anatomical target, but the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (temporalis fascia flap combined with skin graft)." }] }, { "code" : "441603009", "display" : "Reconstruction of extra-articular ligament for stabilization of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"reconstruction of ligament for joint stabilization\" code; MRJ.LC.AA captures the intended functional goal (joint stabilization, unspecified site) but is broader as it does not specify the ligament-based surgical approach or the extra-articular nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "51058003", "display" : "Reconstruction of extremity using muscle flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes using a muscle flap to reconstruct an extremity without specifying which limb, so MRM.ML.AA (unspecified site) is the closest available match; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the flap technique or that the reconstruction target is the extremity as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "172228004", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with chondromucosal graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA correctly identifies the target (eyelid) and the action (reconstruction), but the ICHI code does not encode the specific graft technique (chondromucosal graft) that characterises this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "78397009", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with hair follicle graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstructions regardless of technique; ICHI does not have a code that specifies a hair follicle graft as the reconstruction means." }] }, { "code" : "172227009", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA covers all eyelid reconstructions without differentiating the graft material; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify use of a skin graft as the reconstructive technique." }] }, { "code" : "47920001", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with tarsoconjunctival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA encompasses any eyelid reconstruction; ICHI provides no code distinguishing a tarsoconjunctival flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "112959005", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid with tarsoconjunctival flap from opposing lid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.ML.AA is the only assignable ICHI code for eyelid reconstruction and does not capture the specific detail of a tarsoconjunctival flap sourced from the opposing lid." }] }, { "code" : "1208624000", "display" : "Reconstruction of hand using distant groin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to hand reconstruction or to the groin flap technique; LAE.ML.AA covers any skin/subcutaneous tissue graft or flap to the entire upper limb, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the hand target and the distant groin flap donor site." }] }, { "code" : "1201944003", "display" : "Reconstruction of hand using flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated hand reconstruction or hand flap code; LAE.ML.AA is the best available match as it covers all forms of skin grafting/flap to the upper limb, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which is limited to the hand using a flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "178854005", "display" : "Reconstruction of hand with local skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish local versus distant flap approaches, nor does it have a hand-specific reconstruction code; LAE.ML.AA captures the skin/subcutaneous reconstruction of the upper limb broadly, making it wider than this SNOMED concept which specifies the hand target and a local skin flap means." }] }, { "code" : "45827003", "display" : "Reconstruction of head and neck using fasciocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA covers all skin grafts and flaps to the head or neck without distinguishing the fasciocutaneous flap type; the SNOMED concept specifies the more complex fasciocutaneous flap technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "19479007", "display" : "Reconstruction of head and neck using muscle flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Myoplasty head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAM.ML.AA (myoplasty of head or neck) covers reconstruction of head/neck muscle tissue and is the closest ICHI code, but it does not specify the \"muscle flap\" technique — ICHI encodes flap type as an extension rather than in the base code. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies muscle-flap-based reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "65635008", "display" : "Reconstruction of head and neck using myocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Myoplasty head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A myocutaneous flap is a composite muscle-plus-skin flap used for head/neck reconstruction; MAM.ML.AA (myoplasty head or neck) is the best available base code, but the skin component and flap technique would need to be captured via ICHI extension codes rather than the base code, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239543007", "display" : "Reconstruction of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.MK.AA is the only ICHI code covering repair/reconstruction of an intervertebral disc without specifying a spinal level, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's non-level-specific scope. The ICHI code uses the action \"repair\" (MK) rather than \"reconstruction\" (ML), and the \"not elsewhere classified\" residual qualifier makes it slightly broader, but it is the best available match for a generic intervertebral disc reconstruction procedure." }] }, { "code" : "70805003", "display" : "Reconstruction of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MRJ", "display" : "Interventions on joint unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"reconstruction of joint\" category code applicable to any joint; the closest structural match is the block \"Interventions on joint unspecified site\" (BlockL5-MRJ), which is broader as it covers all intervention types on any unspecified joint, not reconstruction specifically. No assignable reconstruction code exists for joints in general." }] }, { "code" : "173250007", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip with tongue flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.ML.AA precisely matches the target organ and action (reconstruction of lip), but does not specify the technique — the SNOMED concept is more granular in specifying a tongue flap as the means; ICHI's means axis does not have a specific code for tongue flap, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449660006", "display" : "Reconstruction of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-PNA", "display" : "Interventions on topographical regions: lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable code for \"reconstruction of lower limb\" as a whole; reconstruction codes in the lower limb section are restricted to specific structures (artery, vein, muscle, tendon, ligament, foot). The topographical block BlockL4-PNA covers the lower limb as a region, making it the broadest available grouping, but it encompasses all intervention types and is not reconstruction-specific." }] }, { "code" : "236251005", "display" : "Reconstruction of male urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.ML.AA precisely captures reconstruction of the bladder neck (target and action), but does not specify sex — it applies to any patient anatomy, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to males; the ICHI code is therefore slightly broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "1209171002", "display" : "Reconstruction of mandible using bone flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mandible exactly in terms of target and action, but ICHI does not distinguish the technique (bone flap) — the code is broader as it encompasses all reconstruction approaches for the mandible." }] }, { "code" : "772769004", "display" : "Reconstruction of mandible using osteocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for mandible reconstruction and covers the procedure at the level of target and action, but it does not differentiate osteocutaneous (composite bone-and-skin) flap technique from other reconstruction methods, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "315302009", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the maxilla but does not specify flap-based technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is explicitly constrained to flap reconstruction; ICHI does not offer a more specific code for this approach within the maxilla block." }] }, { "code" : "736100002", "display" : "Reconstruction of microtia with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA covers all reconstruction of the auricle (the external ear structure absent in microtia) but does not specify the technique as flap-based; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a flap reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "736846000", "display" : "Reconstruction of microtia with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA captures auricle reconstruction in general; it does not distinguish graft technique from flap or other means, so the ICHI code is broader than this graft-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736430001", "display" : "Reconstruction of microtia with microvascular anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for auricle reconstruction and does not encode microvascular technique; \"microvascular anastomosis\" refers to the means axis detail (free-flap with vascular pedicle) which has no separate ICHI representation, making the mapping broader." }] }, { "code" : "234906001", "display" : "Reconstruction of mouth using flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.ML.AA is the closest available ICHI code for reconstruction of the mouth/oral cavity as a whole; it does not specify the flap technique, and the NEC qualifier indicates it captures mouth reconstructions not assigned to a more specific sub-site (lip, tongue, palate), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241017001", "display" : "Reconstruction of nail bed with free flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "PME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for nail bed reconstruction; the nail bed repair codes cover repair rather than reconstruction, and the closest reconstruction concept is PME.ML.AA (reconstruction of finger), which is anatomically broader and does not capture the free-flap technique or the nail bed specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1231420006", "display" : "Reconstruction of nasopharynx using pedicle nasoseptal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nasopharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the nasopharynx but does not specify the technique (pedicle nasoseptal flap); the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding both the flap type and the donor tissue used." }] }, { "code" : "271995002", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose with bone graft and microvascular transferred flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for nose reconstruction and does not capture the specific techniques of bone grafting combined with a microvascular free flap; the SNOMED concept is substantially more granular in its method specification." }] }, { "code" : "307554005", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA covers nose reconstruction broadly but does not distinguish flap-based approaches from other reconstruction techniques, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172771007", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose with skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA is the single ICHI category for nose reconstruction and does not encode the specific means of skin grafting; no separate skin-graft-specific nose reconstruction code exists in ICHI, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "23976002", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose, total with arm flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.ML.AA covers nose reconstruction without distinguishing total reconstruction or the use of an arm (tubed pedicle) flap as the donor tissue; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both the extent and the technique." }] }, { "code" : "172161000", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbital cavity with bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the orbit (equivalent anatomical target to \"orbital cavity\") but does not capture the specific means of a bone graft; no bone-graft-specific orbital reconstruction sub-code exists in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231545003", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbital cavity with conjunctival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.ML.AA maps to reconstruction of the orbital cavity but does not specify the conjunctival flap technique; ICHI has no orbit reconstruction sub-code that encodes a conjunctival flap as the means, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "38882005", "display" : "Reconstruction of penis with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.ML.AA matches the target (penis) and action (reconstruction/ML axis), but does not encode the specific means of a graft; ICHI lacks a penis-reconstruction-with-graft sub-code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736773006", "display" : "Reconstruction of scalp using rotational flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated scalp reconstruction or rotational-flap code; LAA.MK.AA is the best available match as it covers skin repair of the head/neck region, which encompasses the scalp. The ICHI code is broader because it applies to any head/neck skin repair regardless of anatomical sub-site or technique." }] }, { "code" : "233346008", "display" : "Reconstruction of suprarenal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The suprarenal (adrenal) artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta or renal artery and is anatomically an abdominal artery, so IEA.ML.AA is the correct hierarchy. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries, not the suprarenal artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "77707003", "display" : "Reconstruction of thumb with bone graft and skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "PME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies the thumb under \"finger\" in the topographical block and has a single \"Reconstruction of finger\" code (PME.ML.AA) which does not distinguish between thumb and other fingers, nor does it encode the specific means (bone graft + skin graft). The ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "712802002", "display" : "Reconstruction of thumb with skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "PME.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's finest granularity for thumb reconstruction is PME.ML.AA \"Reconstruction of finger,\" which does not differentiate thumb from other digits or specify the skin flap technique. The code covers the core procedure but is broader in both the target and the means." }] }, { "code" : "23262005", "display" : "Reconstruction of trunk using fasciocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for trunk reconstruction using a fasciocutaneous flap; LAB.ML.AA \"Skin graft to trunk\" captures the tissue transfer to trunk skin but does not encode the specific fasciocutaneous flap technique or the reconstructive intent explicitly, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736511004", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra with buccal mucosa graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra in general, which encompasses the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED concept is more specific in specifying buccal mucosa as the graft material — a detail captured by ICHI extension codes rather than a dedicated category code, so the base ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "427085004", "display" : "Reconstruction of vagina with bowel interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for vaginal reconstruction using bowel interposition (intestinal segment interposition/sigmoid vaginoplasty); NMH.ML.AC \"Other vaginal reconstruction\" is the residual/catch-all category for vaginal reconstruction techniques not classified elsewhere, making it the best available match, though it is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "315301002", "display" : "Reconstruction of vagina with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for flap-based vaginal reconstruction; NMH.ML.AC \"Other vaginal reconstruction\" is the appropriate residual category that would accommodate this technique, though the ICHI code is considerably broader than the flap-specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "176691008", "display" : "Reconstruction of vagina with graft of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.ML.AC", "display" : "Other vaginal reconstruction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifies vaginal reconstruction with skin graft as the technique; NMH.ML.AC \"Other vaginal reconstruction\" is the best available match as the residual vaginal reconstruction category, though it does not capture the skin graft specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438781008", "display" : "Reconstruction of vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates vena cava reconstruction into superior (HIB.ML.AA) and inferior (HIC.ML.AA) but has no unspecified vena cava code; IZE.ML.AA covers any blood vessel reconstruction and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439438001", "display" : "Reconstruction of volar plate of interphalangeal joint of finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The volar plate is a fibrocartilaginous ligamentous structure; MGL.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, broader than the SNOMED specifying the volar plate of the IPJ." }] }, { "code" : "1201949008", "display" : "Reconstruction using flap from forehead", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for forehead flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is the closest assignable integumentary NEC code, broader as it does not encode the donor-site origin." }] }, { "code" : "1162652005", "display" : "Reconstruction using latissimus dorsi flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no assignable code for latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction; the NEC skin reconstruction code is the closest match, broader because it loses the muscle-flap donor-site detail." }] }, { "code" : "177443009", "display" : "Reconstruction using local osteofasciocutaneous transposition flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for osteofasciocutaneous composite flaps; the NEC integumentary code captures the procedural intent but does not encode tissue composition or local transposition." }] }, { "code" : "177428007", "display" : "Reconstruction using local osteomyocutaneous transposition flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Osteomyocutaneous (bone-muscle-skin) flap is not represented in ICHI; the NEC code captures the procedural intent but not the composite tissue or local transposition." }] }, { "code" : "1204035003", "display" : "Reconstruction using mucosal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mucosal flap reconstruction; the NEC integumentary reconstruction code is the closest available, broader and lacking tissue-type specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1217425004", "display" : "Reconstruction using nasolabial skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to nasolabial skin flaps; LZZ.ML.AA covers skin reconstruction NEC and is broader, capturing skin reconstruction in general rather than the nasolabial local flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "1197772005", "display" : "Reconstruction using pedicle fascial flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a pedicle flap extension code (XG9JE8) but no assignable base for pedicle fascial flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is the closest assignable code, substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1208668003", "display" : "Reconstruction using posterior tibial artery fasciocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for posterior tibial artery fasciocutaneous flap; LAG.ML.AA is the most specific code covering lower limb skin reconstruction, but does not capture the fasciocutaneous flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "736763009", "display" : "Reconstruction using skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes skin flap variants (XG1UU3 local, XG9JE8 pedicle, XG1AH4 free) only as extension qualifiers; LZZ.ML.AA is the best assignable code for unspecified skin reconstruction, broader than the flap-based SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "240984009", "display" : "Reconstruction with distant flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for distant flap reconstruction; LZZ.ML.AA is broader and does not capture the \"distant\" origin of the flap as encoded in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "240981001", "display" : "Reconstruction with fascial graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for reconstruction using a fascial graft; MRS.ML.AA is the closest available, covering soft tissue reconstruction at an unspecified site, broader because it does not specify the graft material or anatomical target." }] }, { "code" : "252498005", "display" : "Record occlusal registration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.AE.AC", "display" : "Dental examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for occlusal registration; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest category, broader as it covers the full examination rather than just the occlusal registration step." }] }, { "code" : "423688004", "display" : "Recreational therapy surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXC.AM.ZZ", "display" : "Observation of engaging in recreation and leisure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Recreational therapy surveillance\" maps to ICHI's observation of recreation/leisure engagement; the ICHI code is broader, covering general observation rather than the clinically-directed surveillance framing." }] }, { "code" : "18649001", "display" : "Rectal temperature taking", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETG.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's measurement of body temperature does not distinguish the rectal route, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the rectal approach." }] }, { "code" : "413019001", "display" : "Red cell genotype determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for molecular red cell antigen genotyping; DTA.AC.ZZ is broader as it encompasses any functional haematological test." }] }, { "code" : "2051007", "display" : "Red cell iron utilization study", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A red cell iron utilization study assesses erythropoietic function via radioactive iron tracing; ICHI has no specific code and DTA.AC.ZZ is considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "81937003", "display" : "Red cell survival study", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A red cell survival study (typically Cr-51 labelled) measures RBC lifespan; DTA.AB.ZZ covers all haematological measurements and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "165696006", "display" : "Red cell volume measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Red cell volume measurement aligns with DTA.AB.ZZ's measurement axis but the ICHI code applies to all haematological measurements rather than specifically red cell volume." }] }, { "code" : "313450009", "display" : "Reducing substance measurement, stool", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stool reducing substances test for carbohydrate malabsorption (digestive function); ICHI has no code for stool biochemical analysis and KT2.AC.ZZ is broader as it covers any digestive function test." }] }, { "code" : "66075006", "display" : "Reduction of closed acromioclavicular dislocation with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acromioclavicular joint sits within the shoulder region; ICHI does not distinguish AC joint specifically nor capture the \"with manipulation\" detail, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "74126006", "display" : "Reduction of closed elbow dislocation requiring anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.LD.AH directly matches target (elbow) and procedure type but does not capture the qualifier \"requiring anesthesia,\" making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "52919007", "display" : "Reduction of closed tarsal bone dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal dislocations involve intertarsal/tarsometatarsal joints within the foot; ICHI does not distinguish tarsal joints specifically, making MOJ.LD.AH broader." }] }, { "code" : "303863001", "display" : "Reduction of dislocated joint (not prosthetic)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no aggregate \"reduction of joint\" category spanning all sites; MRJ.LD.AH defaults to closed approach and the \"not prosthetic\" qualifier has no ICHI counterpart, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "274449004", "display" : "Reduction of dislocation of joint of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides site-specific upper limb codes but no aggregate \"upper limb joint\" code; MRJ.LD.AH is broader as it does not constrain to the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "274453002", "display" : "Reduction of dislocation of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific lower limb codes but no aggregate \"lower limb joint\" code; MRJ.LD.AH is the best non-site-specific option but broader." }] }, { "code" : "430874007", "display" : "Reduction of dislocation of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAJ.LD.AH covers all head/neck joints including the TMJ but does not specify the TMJ; no TMJ-specific reduction code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "118461000", "display" : "Reduction of fracture with uncomplicated soft tissue closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures the core fracture reduction but does not encode the concomitant soft tissue closure component, making it broader than the compound SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "118460004", "display" : "Reduction of fracture-dislocation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for fracture-dislocation as a combined injury; MRB.LD.AA is the closest available code but does not capture the dislocation component." }] }, { "code" : "433158000", "display" : "Reduction of intestinal intussusception using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of small intestine by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's enema-based reduction of small intestine corresponds to fluoroscopic-guided hydrostatic/pneumatic reduction but does not encode the imaging modality, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "432547007", "display" : "Reduction of intestinal intussusception using ultrasound guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of small intestine by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no separate code for ultrasound-guided reduction; the enema reduction code is the closest match but encompasses any imaging modality." }] }, { "code" : "4293000", "display" : "Reduction of intussusception by laparotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LD.AA", "display" : "Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers open surgical manipulation of the small intestine including manual reduction at laparotomy, but is a residual NEC category broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1258886005", "display" : "Reduction of intussusception of intestine using enema", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBZ.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of large intestine not elsewhere classified, by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI separates small from large intestine enema reduction; KBZ.LD.AC is the closest NEC large intestine code but does not specify intussusception or span both small and large intestine." }] }, { "code" : "11032004", "display" : "Reduction of lunate dislocation with manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lunate dislocation is reduced at the wrist; ICHI lacks a code specific to the lunate carpal bone, so the wrist joint code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "180160004", "display" : "Reduction of macrodactyly of toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Macrodactyly toe reduction involves partial bone removal in the foot/toe, but the ICHI code is broader and doesn't capture soft tissue debulking or the macrodactyly indication." }] }, { "code" : "440690008", "display" : "Reduction of masseter muscle by extraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of muscles of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Masseter reduction is a partial myectomy; ICHI lacks codes specific to the masseter or to the extraoral approach." }] }, { "code" : "440603001", "display" : "Reduction of masseter muscle by intraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of muscles of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same partial head/neck muscle excision code; ICHI does not encode the masseter or the intraoral approach." }] }, { "code" : "234656009", "display" : "Reduction of maxillary tuberosity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Maxillary tuberosity reduction is a limited alveoloplasty; ICHI's partial maxillary excision code is broader and does not specify the tuberosity." }] }, { "code" : "449647000", "display" : "Reduction of open fracture of lower leg with internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Targets tibia/fibula via open reduction, but does not capture the internal fixation device implantation or the open-fracture nature of the injury." }] }, { "code" : "55416000", "display" : "Reduction of palatal fractures, open treatment, Lefort I type", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LeFort I is a horizontal maxillary fracture; ICHI captures the maxilla and open approach but does not encode the LeFort I subtype." }] }, { "code" : "18339007", "display" : "Reduction of prolapsed rectum under anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LC.AH", "display" : "Manual reduction of rectal prolapse", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches site and action but does not encode the \"under anesthesia\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "36767002", "display" : "Reduction of volvulus of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best ICHI match; broader because it covers other reasons for gastric repositioning beyond volvulus." }] }, { "code" : "178111003", "display" : "Reexcision of ganglion cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ganglion-specific or reexcision-specific code; the unspecified-site soft tissue lesion excision is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "1287791009", "display" : "Reexcision of skin margins of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups head and neck skin under one code and does not distinguish reexcision from primary excision or capture margin clearance." }] }, { "code" : "1287792002", "display" : "Reexcision of skin margins of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same combined head/neck code; ICHI has no neck-only code and no reexcision-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "173908003", "display" : "Refashioning of jejunostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTB.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of enterostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific jejunostomy revision code; \"Management of enterostomy\" is broader and includes non-surgical management." }] }, { "code" : "183606009", "display" : "Referral for counseling for termination of pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEP.TI.ZZ covers any referral regardless of clinical reason; ICHI has no termination-counselling specific referral code." }] }, { "code" : "416414009", "display" : "Referral for home intravenous medication administration", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The only referral code in ICHI; broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies home IV medication context." }] }, { "code" : "252886007", "display" : "Refraction assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a refraction-specific code; \"Assessment of seeing functions\" is the closest but covers all visual function assessment." }] }, { "code" : "314125009", "display" : "Refraction under general anesthetic", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same broad visual assessment code; ICHI does not capture refraction or the general anaesthetic context." }] }, { "code" : "58076004", "display" : "Refractive keratoplasty by laser surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.ML.AA", "display" : "Keratoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only one undifferentiated keratoplasty code without sub-types for refractive intent or laser means." }] }, { "code" : "1344765002", "display" : "Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation into left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures IOL implantation but not the lensectomy, refractive intent, or laterality (left eye requires extension)." }] }, { "code" : "1344766001", "display" : "Refractive lensectomy with intraocular lens implantation into right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same IOL insertion code; lens extraction, refractive intent, and right-eye laterality are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "1253002", "display" : "Refusion of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-fusion code; this code does not encode the revision nature or spinal level." }] }, { "code" : "735394001", "display" : "Rehabilitation following spinal surgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Only generic rehabilitation extension code in ICHI; broader than the SNOMED post-spinal-surgery context." }] }, { "code" : "762049002", "display" : "Reimplantation of suprarenal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LB.AA", "display" : "Reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suprarenal artery is in the same abdominal/pelvic arterial block; the only reimplantation code in this vascular territory and broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439447009", "display" : "Reimplantation of visceral artery into infrarenal aortic prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for visceral artery reimplantation into a prosthesis; IEA.ML.AA is the best structural fit but broader and does not capture the prosthesis or specific target vessel." }] }, { "code" : "230901001", "display" : "Reinforcing of wall of intracranial aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm reinforcement/wrapping; IAA.ML.AA covers open surgical reconstruction of intracranial arterial walls including aneurysm repair but is broader, encompassing all intracranial arterial reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "112936004", "display" : "Reinsertion of holter valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Holter valve is a ventricular shunt valve; reinsertion is semantically equivalent to replacement of a ventricular device. AAE.KA.AA is broader as it covers any ventricular device replacement." }] }, { "code" : "30541003", "display" : "Reinsertion of ruptured distal biceps tendon with tendon graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MET.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The distal biceps tendon inserts at the radial tuberosity (elbow region); reattachment with tendon graft aligns with MET.ML.AA, which is wider as it covers any tendon reconstruction at the elbow." }] }, { "code" : "178334004", "display" : "Reinsertion of ureterostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ureteric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ureterostomy tube is a ureteric drainage device; reinserting it corresponds to replacing a ureteric device. NAE.KA.AA is wider as it covers any ureteric device replacement." }] }, { "code" : "313085000", "display" : "Relationship counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.PP.ZZ is the closest counselling code targeting interpersonal relationships but is broader than dyadic relationship counselling, covering all interpersonal interactions unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "6227009", "display" : "Relationship psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SR1.PQ.ZZ uses psychotherapy action on interpersonal relationships target, the best structural match for \"relationship psychotherapy,\" but covers all interpersonal interactions rather than focused dyadic/couples psychotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "57307001", "display" : "Release for tenosynovitis of abductor pollicis longus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of forearm or wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The abductor pollicis longus is a forearm muscle whose tendon runs through the first dorsal compartment at the wrist; ICHI does not encode tenosynovitis as a specific indication, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "15630001", "display" : "Release for tenosynovitis of external pollicis brevis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of forearm or wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The extensor pollicis brevis shares the first dorsal compartment with abductor pollicis longus (target of de Quervain's release); ICHI does not capture the specific tendon or tenosynovitis indication, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "239274005", "display" : "Release of contracture of sternomastoid muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of muscles of neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAM.FC.AA covers release of neck muscles, encompassing the sternocleidomastoid, with FC explicitly encoding \"release\"; broader as it covers any neck muscle and does not encode the contracture indication." }] }, { "code" : "274961002", "display" : "Release of fascia of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for release of abdominal fascia; MRS.FC.AA captures the release action but is broader in both site (unspecified vs abdomen) and tissue type (soft tissue vs fascia)." }] }, { "code" : "178276009", "display" : "Release of muscle origin", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for release of a muscle at its origin; the unspecified-site soft tissue release code is the broadest fallback as no site-specific muscle release exists beyond neck and hand." }] }, { "code" : "122485004", "display" : "Release of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"release of tendon sheath\" code at unspecified site; MRT.FC.AA is the nearest functional equivalent but broader as it covers the whole tendon structure rather than the sheath." }] }, { "code" : "13381004", "display" : "Release of tendon sheath of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for release of tendon sheath of hand; MGT.FC.AA is the most specific available code but broader as it encompasses the entire tendon rather than the sheath." }] }, { "code" : "173372007", "display" : "Release of transfixion of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.FC.AC", "display" : "Release of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.FC.AC covers any release of the tongue, broader than the specific release of a tongue transfixion (suture or pin passing through the tongue)." }] }, { "code" : "42576007", "display" : "Release of trigeminal nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.FC.AA is anatomically appropriate but broader, covering any cranial nerve release without specifying the trigeminal." }] }, { "code" : "239268005", "display" : "Release of trigger thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trigger thumb is treated by releasing the constricting first annular pulley of the flexor tendon sheath; MGT.FC.AA captures this as a tendon release at hand/finger but is broader, applying to any tendon release of the hand or finger." }] }, { "code" : "285105008", "display" : "Reline of denture at chairside", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for denture relining; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available code covering chairside maintenance and adjustment of dental prosthetic appliances." }] }, { "code" : "285104007", "display" : "Reline of denture at laboratory", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a code distinguishing laboratory-based denture relining; KAE.SM.AC is the best available category covering prosthetic dental appliance management." }] }, { "code" : "83393002", "display" : "Relocation of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for generator pocket relocation; HFC.KA.AA covers surgical revision of a pacemaker/defibrillator system but implies device replacement rather than relocation." }] }, { "code" : "20453006", "display" : "Relocation of cardiac pacemaker pocket to new site in subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pacemaker pocket relocation; HFC.KA.AA is the closest surgical intervention but broader as it covers full system replacement rather than moving the generator to a new pocket site." }] }, { "code" : "312714009", "display" : "Relocation of intraocular lens from vitreous cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.LD.AA covers repositioning of the lens generally, semantically matching relocation of a dislocated IOL, but does not specify the source location (vitreous cavity) or that it is a prosthetic intraocular lens." }] }, { "code" : "26097007", "display" : "Remobilization of stapes", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.FC.AC", "display" : "Release of stapes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Remobilization of stapes\" restores stapes mobility (typically after otosclerosis ankylosis); CBF.FC.AC is the closest ICHI code for liberating the stapes, broader as it covers any stapes release." }] }, { "code" : "262304001", "display" : "Remounting of denture on articulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Remounting a denture on an articulator is a specific prosthodontic step to check and adjust occlusion; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available code but broader, encompassing any management of an external dental appliance." }] }, { "code" : "439348000", "display" : "Removal and replacement of subcutaneous port component after open gastric restrictive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.KA.AA captures the trunk subcutaneous site and the replacement action but is broader as it does not encode the post-bariatric surgical context or the port-specific component detail." }] }, { "code" : "225151003", "display" : "Removal of adhesive skin closures", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adhesive skin closures (e.g. Steri-Strips) are external wound-closure devices removed without incision; LZZ.JD.AH covers non-incisional removal of a device from skin NEC but its framing of \"internal device\" does not precisely reflect the external nature of adhesive closures." }] }, { "code" : "173707003", "display" : "Removal of Angelchik prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Angelchik prosthesis is a silicone ring placed around the gastroesophageal junction; the gastroesophageal junction block has no device-removal code, making KBA.JD.AA the closest match, broader as it covers any oesophageal device." }] }, { "code" : "32833004", "display" : "Removal of anterior instrumentation of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has level-specific spine device removal codes but no single code for multi-level or approach-specific (anterior) spinal instrumentation removal; MBZ.JD.AA covers the unspecified/NEC spine level." }] }, { "code" : "13084004", "display" : "Removal of arterial graft or prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JD.AF is the closest ICHI code for removing a device from an artery at unspecified location; broader as it covers any intravascular device removal from arteries NEC, while ICHI has no dedicated code for open removal of an extravascular arterial graft/prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "233413003", "display" : "Removal of arterial stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular internal device from an unspecified artery, encompassing an arterial stent but broader: it does not specify the device is a stent and applies to any artery NEC." }] }, { "code" : "176242009", "display" : "Removal of artificial urinary bladder neck sphincter in female", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code targets the bladder neck and covers removal of an internal device, matching artificial sphincter removal; broader because it does not specify the device type, sex, or surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "176282002", "display" : "Removal of artificial urinary sphincter from around male bladder neck or urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bladder neck is the primary anatomical target for periurethral/perivesical artificial sphincter in males and NAK.JD.AA covers device removal there; broader as it does not restrict to males, name the device type, or capture the urethral alternative location." }] }, { "code" : "1338048005", "display" : "Removal of bilateral hip joint prostheses for periprosthetic joint infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Targets the hip joint and describes removal of an internal device (prosthesis) but broader: does not capture bilaterality, the prosthesis device type, or the periprosthetic-joint-infection indication." }] }, { "code" : "43748006", "display" : "Removal of bladder catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JD.AC", "display" : "Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JD.AC covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the bladder, subsuming catheter removal but broader (any device, not specifically a catheter). No ICHI code is specific to bladder catheter removal." }] }, { "code" : "236270000", "display" : "Removal of bulbar urethral prosthesis for incontinence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JD.AA captures the urethral site and removal action but broader: does not specify the bulbar segment or that the device is a continence prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "66750004", "display" : "Removal of calcareous deposit from bursa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks specific codes for bursa or calcareous/calcific deposits; bursae are peri-articular soft tissue, so MRS.JI.AA is the closest available category — broader as it covers any soft tissue lesion at any site." }] }, { "code" : "432817003", "display" : "Removal of calculus from bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from bile duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.JE.AA precisely matches extraction of calculus from the bile duct but does not encode the fluoroscopic-guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431915007", "display" : "Removal of calculus from salivary gland using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AA captures calculus extraction from the salivary gland/duct but is broader: does not specify fluoroscopic guidance and also encompasses the duct." }] }, { "code" : "30355007", "display" : "Removal of calculus of lacrimal gland by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the operative approach (incision) used to remove the calculus from the lacrimal gland but ICHI encodes the apparatus as a whole and does not distinguish calculus removal from other incision purposes." }] }, { "code" : "62082008", "display" : "Removal of calculus of lacrimal passage by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lacrimal passage is part of the lacrimal apparatus and incision is the stated means; BAD.FA.AA is the closest ICHI code, broader by covering any incision of the apparatus." }] }, { "code" : "57700002", "display" : "Removal of calculus of lacrimal punctum", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifies the lacrimal punctum as a sub-target for calculus removal; BAD.FA.AA covers the broader apparatus and the operative approach implied by punctum stone removal." }] }, { "code" : "69881003", "display" : "Removal of calculus of lacrimal sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lacrimal sac is a component of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is the best available match because sac calculus removal requires incision, but the code is wider in anatomical scope and does not encode calculus as the indication." }] }, { "code" : "37152004", "display" : "Removal of calculus of nasolacrimal duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The nasolacrimal duct is part of the lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is the best available match as duct calculus removal involves incision, but it is broader without specificity to the duct or to calculus as indication." }] }, { "code" : "53380002", "display" : "Removal of calculus of perirenal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for perirenal-tissue calculus extraction; closest available code targets the kidney itself. Perirenal tissue is anatomically distinct from kidney parenchyma so this match is wider." }] }, { "code" : "21272003", "display" : "Removal of calculus of urethra with incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JE.AA captures calculus extraction from the urethra but does not specify the incisional approach (urethrotomy); broader since it encompasses non-incisional approaches as well." }] }, { "code" : "45921003", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacemaker electrodes with replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to electrode/lead replacement only; HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system and does not distinguish electrode-only replacement." }] }, { "code" : "384684002", "display" : "Removal of cardiac pacemaker with replacement by single-chamber device, rate-responsive", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Aligns with replacement of a pacemaker system but ICHI does not encode the granular detail of chamber count (single-chamber) or rate-responsive functionality." }] }, { "code" : "88553002", "display" : "Removal of cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator without replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of a pacemaker/defibrillator system, matching removal intent, but does not distinguish pulse-generator-only removal nor encode the \"without replacement\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "80925005", "display" : "Removal of cerebral ventricular reservoir, Ommaya or Rickham", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from brain ventricles, semantically encompassing the Ommaya/Rickham reservoir but not specifying the device type or its subcutaneous reservoir component." }] }, { "code" : "287852004", "display" : "Removal of cerebral ventricular valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ventricular valve (e.g. CSF shunt valve) is a specific implanted device; AAE.JD.AA captures the action at the correct site but does not specify the device as a valve." }] }, { "code" : "438363008", "display" : "Removal of cervical total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervical intervertebral disc", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBB.JD.AA precisely matches the target and removal action but does not capture the qualifier \"total\" disc prosthesis or the anterior surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "180273006", "display" : "Removal of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches the anatomical target (peritoneal cavity) and the removal action; broader because it does not specify that the device is a dialysis catheter or the chronic ambulatory dialysis context." }] }, { "code" : "235405001", "display" : "Removal of colostomy bridge", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A colostomy bridge is a temporary support device at colostomy creation; KBP.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the colon, broader than the colostomy-bridge-specific concept." }] }, { "code" : "23322009", "display" : "Removal of coronary artery obstruction, percutaneous transluminal, multiple vessels", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AF captures the endovascular (percutaneous transluminal) removal of obstruction from the coronary artery but does not distinguish single-vessel from multi-vessel intervention." }] }, { "code" : "287609002", "display" : "Removal of dermal appendage", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-LAG", "display" : "Interventions on skin appendages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for generic \"removal of dermal appendage\"; the classification organises skin-appendage procedures by region and action. The block BlockL4-LAG is the best organisational match but encompasses multiple actions and sites." }] }, { "code" : "6384001", "display" : "Removal of device from digestive system", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the digestive system at the system-wide NEC level; marginally wider as it also encompasses foreign bodies, not just devices." }] }, { "code" : "236892008", "display" : "Removal of displaced intrauterine device from peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Precisely captures the anatomical site (peritoneal cavity) and removal action for a migrated IUD; marginally wider as it does not specify the device as an IUD or the displaced/migrated nature." }] }, { "code" : "225671006", "display" : "Removal of ear plug", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from external auditory canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An ear plug lodged in the external auditory canal is functionally a foreign body in that location; CAE.JD.AC is slightly wider as it encompasses any foreign body or device at that site." }] }, { "code" : "387709005", "display" : "Removal of ectopic fetus from abdominal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA covers removal of ectopic pregnancy in general without specifying the abdominal cavity site; the procedure intent and action match well but the site qualifier is lost." }] }, { "code" : "73341009", "display" : "Removal of ectopic fetus from ovary without oophorectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best available ICHI code for ectopic pregnancy removal but does not distinguish ovarian site or the organ-sparing qualifier (no oophorectomy)." }] }, { "code" : "88144003", "display" : "Removal of ectopic interstitial uterine pregnancy requiring total hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JK.AA", "display" : "Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that captures the ectopic pregnancy indication together with the hysterectomy; NME.JK.AA covers the total abdominal hysterectomy (the definitive surgical act performed), making it wider as it does not encode the ectopic pregnancy context or the indication." }] }, { "code" : "387615001", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy from fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA captures removal of an ectopic pregnancy but does not specify the fallopian tube as the site, so the ICHI code is wider — it applies to ectopic pregnancy removal from any site." }] }, { "code" : "6979000", "display" : "Removal of elastic bandage", "target" : [{ "code" : "UA1.SO.ZZ", "display" : "Removal of assistive product, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for removing an elastic bandage specifically; the best available match is UA1.SO.ZZ, which covers removal of any assistive product without specifying body site or product type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "27449007", "display" : "Removal of embolus from intracranial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.JE.AF targets the intracranial artery and describes extraction of an obstruction (encompassing embolus), but specifies endovascular means whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify approach and could include open surgery." }] }, { "code" : "41616008", "display" : "Removal of embolus from thoracic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated thromboembolectomy code for the thoracic artery; endarterectomy is the closest available code covering surgical removal of intraluminal material from the artery of the thorax, but it includes removal of intima/plaque and is broader than embolus removal." }] }, { "code" : "1255572004", "display" : "Removal of fixed functional orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers \"management\" of an external dental appliance, which is broader than the specific act of removal and encompasses adjustment, repair, and other management activities." }] }, { "code" : "234884002", "display" : "Removal of fixed orthodontic appliance component", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC is the closest available ICHI code for interventions on dental external appliances, but is broader because it covers all management activities rather than specifically the removal of a single component." }] }, { "code" : "60836005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from antecubital fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the antecubital fossa; LAE.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the entire upper limb, which is broader." }] }, { "code" : "82043001", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from axilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the axilla; LAE.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb broadly, which encompasses the axillary region." }] }, { "code" : "1868005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the target anatomy (brain) and action (removal of foreign body), but bundles \"internal device or foreign body\" together, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies foreign body only." }] }, { "code" : "66101004", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers the correct target (breast) and action (removal of foreign body), but groups \"internal device or foreign body\" under a single code, making it broader than SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "287305003", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from bronchus by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBB.JD.AA uses the open approach (means axis AA) which aligns with \"by incision,\" but the ICHI code groups \"internal device or foreign body\" together and does not explicitly name incision in its title." }] }, { "code" : "33651006", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.JD.AA covers both internal device removal and foreign body removal from the cranial nerve via open approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only foreign body removal." }] }, { "code" : "128394004", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from digestive system", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.JD.AC is the closest ICHI match at the digestive system level, but is a residual NEC code that also encompasses internal device removal, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67997001", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from esophagus by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.JD.AA is a near-exact match — both specify the oesophagus as the target and incision (open approach) as the means — but the ICHI code also encompasses internal device removal, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "405709007", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single \"foot\" foreign body removal code covering all tissue types; LAG.JD.AA covers the lower limb (broader than foot), making it wider in anatomical scope while being restricted to skin/subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "405706000", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has tissue-specific hand codes (bone, joint, tendon, nail) but no single unspecified-tissue \"hand\" foreign body code; LAE.JD.AA is the closest match covering foreign body removal from the upper limb (which includes the hand)." }] }, { "code" : "37470006", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JD.AA names the head as the target and removal as the action, but is wider than the SNOMED concept because it also encompasses the neck and implies a skin/subcutaneous tissue depth." }] }, { "code" : "172498005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from iris", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated foreign body removal code for the iris specifically; BBE.JD.AA targets the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the anatomical compartment immediately adjacent to (and bounded by) the iris." }] }, { "code" : "17756004", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from joint structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers removal from a joint of unspecified site and includes both internal devices and foreign bodies, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies only foreign body removal." }] }, { "code" : "86439006", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers skin and subcutaneous tissue of both head and neck together, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the neck only and may include deeper neck structures (muscle, fascia) beyond skin/subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "55041002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate codes for cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves while the SNOMED concept refers to \"nerve\" generically; ACA.JD.AE is the best general-purpose match but fixes the approach as percutaneous and scope as peripheral nerve only." }] }, { "code" : "11328002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from nose by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.JD.AA uses the open (AA) means axis consistent with \"by incision,\" and targets the nose exactly, but the ICHI code subsumes both incision and unspecified approaches under the same category." }] }, { "code" : "5687005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from female genital tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ovary-specific foreign body removal code exists in the ICHI ovary block; the closest available code covers the entire female genital tract as a residual NEC category, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "20153000", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from pharynx by pharyngotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from oropharynx with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.JD.AA matches the procedure (foreign body removal via pharyngotomy) but is specific to the oropharynx, while the SNOMED \"pharynx\" also encompasses nasopharynx and hypopharynx." }] }, { "code" : "450578006", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from rectouterine pouch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) is a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no specific code for this sub-site, so the broader peritoneal cavity code is the best match." }] }, { "code" : "23331009", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from skin with incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.JD.AA is the residual NEC code for skin/subcutaneous foreign body removal with open incision (AA); broader than SNOMED because it adds subcutaneous tissue and is site-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "18994009", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.JD.AH targets soft tissue and foreign body removal exactly with unspecified site; broader because the means axis AH (\"without incision/not specified\") covers any approach." }] }, { "code" : "64550003", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from stomach by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JD.AA covers open (AA) removal from stomach matching \"by incision,\" but is broader as it also encompasses internal device removal beyond foreign body alone." }] }, { "code" : "444291007", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Best available unspecified-site code for open removal of foreign body from subcutaneous tissue; broader as it also encompasses internal device removal and skin in addition to subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "14983002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from supraclavicular fossa by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The supraclavicular fossa is in the neck region; LAA.JD.AA (head or neck, open approach AA) is the closest fit but covers the whole head and neck region and also encompasses internal device removal." }] }, { "code" : "450577001", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes foreign body removal only at individual urinary structures (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra); NAI.JD.AA is selected as a representative match but the SNOMED is broader covering any part of urinary tract." }] }, { "code" : "112914002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from vagina by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches target (vagina) and action (foreign body removal); .AC = transvaginal route, broader than the specific incision approach in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "72199008", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from vitreous by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated foreign body removal code for the vitreous body; BCA.JD.AA covers the entire posterior segment of the eye which includes the vitreous." }] }, { "code" : "16577008", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of adenoid by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAB.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches target (adenoid) and action precisely; means axis .AC (endoscopic/transnasal) does not specify incision, making the ICHI code slightly broader with respect to approach." }] }, { "code" : "84542000", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of anterior chamber of eye by incision with use of magnet", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI precisely targets the anterior chamber and removal action but does not capture the magnet instrument detail; broader because it omits the magnet specification." }] }, { "code" : "1351527003", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of eye by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of superficial foreign body from eye with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Matches on target (eye, unspecified structure), action, and means (with incision); ICHI restricts to \"superficial\" while SNOMED is non-specific about depth." }] }, { "code" : "52650006", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of eyelid by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Targets the eyelid and removal action exactly; means AA (open) implies incision, but is broader as it also covers internal device removal." }] }, { "code" : "35139005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of kidney by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Targets kidney with means AA (open) consistent with incision; broader because it also covers internal device removal." }] }, { "code" : "8082002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of lacrimal gland by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.JD.AA covers the entire lacrimal apparatus (gland, sac, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct), broader than the lacrimal gland alone." }] }, { "code" : "81221004", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of lacrimal passage by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Covers the entire lacrimal apparatus, whereas the SNOMED concept targets specifically the lacrimal passages (canaliculi, sac, nasolacrimal duct)." }] }, { "code" : "45824005", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of popliteal space", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated popliteal fossa code; LAG.JD.AA covers all lower limb skin/subcutaneous tissue, broader than the specific deep posterior-knee compartment." }] }, { "code" : "66079000", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of shoulder, deep", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated deep-tissue or shoulder-muscle foreign body code; LAE.JD.AA covers upper limb broadly at skin/subcutaneous level, losing the \"deep\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "12726002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of tonsil by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from tonsil", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Targets tonsil and action correctly but means AC (indirect/endoscopic) rather than open incision; no tonsil-specific code captures the \"by incision\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "68386008", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.JD.AA is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk; SNOMED is broader and includes deeper trunk structures (muscle, fascia, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "67396001", "display" : "Removal of foreign body of ureter by incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.JD.AA covers open removal from ureter (AA = open approach); broader because ICHI does not distinguish foreign body from calculus at this level." }] }, { "code" : "405710002", "display" : "Removal of foreign body without incision from upper limb, except hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Captures the without-incision approach and upper limb target; broader as it covers the full upper limb including hand and is restricted to skin/subcutaneous tissue." }] }, { "code" : "8444004", "display" : "Removal of gallstones from liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated gallstone removal from liver code; closest is removal of any internal device or foreign body from liver, broader than the specific gallstone concept." }] }, { "code" : "80480007", "display" : "Removal of gallstones from small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific gallstone removal code for small intestine; best available code covers any internal device or foreign body, broader than gallstone removal." }] }, { "code" : "14490001000004108", "display" : "Removal of gastric pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated gastric pacemaker code; the gastric pacemaker is an implanted electrical stimulator in the stomach wall, mapping to the general stomach device removal code." }] }, { "code" : "433032002", "display" : "Removal of gastrostomy tube using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastrostomy tube passes through the stomach wall, mapping to the stomach device removal code; SNOMED's fluoroscopic guidance is not distinguished in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "239406008", "display" : "Removal of graft from mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated graft removal code for mandible; bone graft is classified as internal device in ICHI, so this is the closest match, broader than graft-specific." }] }, { "code" : "239393005", "display" : "Removal of graft from maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone, broader than specifically removing a bone graft; no dedicated \"graft removal\" code for maxilla." }] }, { "code" : "448423006", "display" : "Removal of hemodialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemodialysis catheter is a central venous catheter; IZD.JD.AF covers removal of any intravascular device from a vein, broader than the dialysis-specific catheter type." }] }, { "code" : "235406000", "display" : "Removal of ileostomy bridge", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ileostomy bridge (support rod) is a temporary device removed at bedside without incision; KBK.JD.AC captures this, though broader than the specific bridge device type." }] }, { "code" : "65942005", "display" : "Removal of impacted tooth from maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of an ectopic/impacted tooth from the maxillary sinus matches KAE.JK.AC's action (excision via incision); broader as it doesn't specify displacement into the maxillary sinus." }] }, { "code" : "66648003", "display" : "Removal of impacted tooth, partially bony", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Partially bony impacted tooth requires surgical incision and bone removal to access and extract the tooth. ICHI does not distinguish soft tissue and bony impaction subtypes, so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "27918006", "display" : "Removal of impacted tooth, soft tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Soft tissue impaction also requires incision through gingiva to access the tooth, aligning with \"excision via incision.\" ICHI does not differentiate soft tissue from bony impaction subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "10777003", "display" : "Removal of implant from hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI code captures bone-based implant removal in the hand/finger; SNOMED is slightly different in scope (could include soft tissue) and ICHI extends beyond hand to fingers." }] }, { "code" : "609276001", "display" : "Removal of implant from radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the entire forearm bone group (radius and ulna), broader than the SNOMED concept specific to the radius." }] }, { "code" : "708885004", "display" : "Removal of implant from scapula", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups all shoulder-region bones (scapula, clavicle, proximal humerus); no scapula-specific code exists." }] }, { "code" : "608877007", "display" : "Removal of implant from ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish radius from ulna and codes both under \"bone of forearm.\"" }] }, { "code" : "608884004", "display" : "Removal of implant from vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has level-specific codes (cervical/thoracic/lumbar); since SNOMED does not specify the level, the unspecified-spine code is the best match." }] }, { "code" : "711166001", "display" : "Removal of implantable cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of both pacemakers and defibrillator systems; SNOMED is limited to the pacemaker." }] }, { "code" : "90337000", "display" : "Removal of implantable intravenous infusion pump", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specific to IV infusion pump; IZD.JD.AF is the closest fit but broader and assumes percutaneous transluminal approach." }] }, { "code" : "18305008", "display" : "Removal of implantable venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No port-specific ICHI code; IZD.JD.AF is the closest available match but broader and approach-mismatched." }] }, { "code" : "4642002", "display" : "Removal of inflatable penile prosthesis, with pump, reservoir and cylinders", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the penis; ICHI does not distinguish prosthesis type or specify pump/reservoir/cylinder components." }] }, { "code" : "177712001", "display" : "Removal of inserted substance from subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Site-unspecified subcutaneous device removal aligns; ICHI's JD action covers both inserted substances and foreign bodies, slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "1331993005", "display" : "Removal of internal fixation device from bone of thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from rib or sternum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCB.JD.AA covers the main bony components of the thoracic cage; thoracic vertebrae are coded separately, so the ICHI scope differs slightly." }] }, { "code" : "81130000", "display" : "Removal of intraligamentous ectopic pregnancy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.JF.AA", "display" : "Removal of ectopic pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.JF.AA describes removal of any ectopic pregnancy without specifying the implantation site; SNOMED specifies the broad-ligament location." }] }, { "code" : "449401004", "display" : "Removal of intrathecal catheter using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intrathecal space sits within the spinal canal; ICHI does not distinguish catheter type or encode fluoroscopic guidance." }] }, { "code" : "426400005", "display" : "Removal of intrathecal drug delivery device adjacent to spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Covers removal of any internal device from the spinal canal; ICHI does not specify the device subtype or \"adjacent to spinal cord\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "288184005", "display" : "Removal of IV endocardial electrode", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes removal of the complete pacemaker or defibrillator system rather than an individual lead; no lead-only extraction code exists." }] }, { "code" : "764386009", "display" : "Removal of joint prosthesis for periprosthetic joint infection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides site-specific device removal codes per joint but does not encode the infection indication or distinguish prosthesis types; assumes hip site." }] }, { "code" : "708997002", "display" : "Removal of Kirschner wire internal bone fixator from hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A K-wire at the hip is typically placed in the proximal femur; ICHI does not specify K-wire vs other devices." }] }, { "code" : "233028005", "display" : "Removal of left atrial thrombus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Thrombectomy from atrium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No left-atrium-specific thrombectomy code in ICHI; the unspecified-atrium code encompasses either atrium." }] }, { "code" : "233081002", "display" : "Removal of left ventricular thrombus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of left ventricular tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated thrombectomy of left ventricle code; HBA.JJ.AA is the closest anatomically specific code but encompasses any excised ventricular tissue." }] }, { "code" : "307299001", "display" : "Removal of lesion from intracranial subdural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of intracranial space", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAG.JI.AA targets the intracranial space as a whole, subsuming the subdural compartment; no subdural-specific code exists." }] }, { "code" : "176383009", "display" : "Removal of lesion of urethral meatus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JI.AA covers local excision anywhere along the urethra; no meatus-specific code exists." }] }, { "code" : "448209006", "display" : "Removal of loose body from ankle joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A loose body is classified surgically as a foreign body, but ICHI's code also encompasses internal devices, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "448662008", "display" : "Removal of loose body from hand joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups finger and hand joints together; loose body classifies as a foreign body." }] }, { "code" : "708995005", "display" : "Removal of loose body from joint of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups foot and toe joints together, broader than the SNOMED concept which refers specifically to a joint of the foot." }] }, { "code" : "439898006", "display" : "Removal of lumbar total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of lumbar intervertebral disc", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI identifies the lumbar disc target and removal action but does not encode the anterior approach or distinguish total from partial prosthesis." }] }, { "code" : "67354000", "display" : "Removal of lumbosubarachnoid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The lumbosubarachnoid shunt is an internal device in the spinal canal; ICHI does not specify the lumbosubarachnoid configuration." }] }, { "code" : "303652002", "display" : "Removal of mole of skin operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mole removal is local excision of skin tissue; LZZ used because SNOMED does not specify body region. ICHI does not distinguish lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "33533004", "display" : "Removal of nephrostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nephrostomy tube is an internal device in the kidney; ICHI does not specify the device type or percutaneous approach." }] }, { "code" : "171668005", "display" : "Removal of neurostimulator from cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Target (cranial nerve) and action (removal of internal device) align precisely; ICHI does not specify the device as a neurostimulator." }] }, { "code" : "287621003", "display" : "Removal of object from tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI targets the trachea as a whole; SNOMED specifies removal via the tracheostomy stoma. No tracheostomy-specific removal code exists." }] }, { "code" : "445846003", "display" : "Removal of obstruction of ureter by transurethral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ureter, which encompasses obstruction removal via this approach, but is broader as it is not limited to obstructions. The transurethral approach and ureteral target match precisely." }] }, { "code" : "302420002", "display" : "Removal of organic material from skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of organic material from skin corresponds clinically to debridement, and the NEC/unspecified-site code is appropriate as no body region is specified. The ICHI code is wider as debridement encompasses removal of non-organic material as well." }] }, { "code" : "303856001", "display" : "Removal of orthopedic wires", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthopedic wires are internal fixation devices implanted in musculoskeletal structures; the NEC code applies because no anatomical site is specified. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body from any musculoskeletal structure." }] }, { "code" : "3969006", "display" : "Removal of osteocartilagenous loose body from joint structures", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An osteocartilaginous loose body in a joint maps to a musculoskeletal foreign body in ICHI; the NEC code is used because no specific joint is named. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal site and any device or foreign body." }] }, { "code" : "77326008", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker electrode leads without replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers to removing only the electrode leads (not the generator and not for replacement), whereas HFC.JD.AA encompasses removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system. No lead-specific removal code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "26867000", "display" : "Removal of pantopaque dye from spinal canal", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of external device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Pantopaque is an oil-based contrast historically removed from the spinal canal via lumbar puncture (without incision), aligning with the AH means axis. ABG.JD.AH is the best available match but is broader as it covers any external foreign body or device." }] }, { "code" : "31434001", "display" : "Removal of penetrating foreign body from cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.JD.AC covers removal of a foreign body from the cervix via transvaginal approach, matching the anatomical site and procedure type. It is slightly wider as it also covers internal device removal and does not distinguish penetrating from non-penetrating foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "112951008", "display" : "Removal of peripheral neurostimulator receiver", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.JD.AE is the closest ICHI code for removing a neurostimulator component associated with a peripheral nerve. It is wider because ICHI specifies a percutaneous approach and lacks a receiver-specific device distinction." }] }, { "code" : "440459001", "display" : "Removal of peripherally inserted central catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF covers removal of an intravascular device from a vein, which aligns with PICC line removal. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the specific catheter type (PICC), the central venous target, or fluoroscopic guidance with contrast." }] }, { "code" : "1279988001", "display" : "Removal of piercing from left external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A retained piercing in the external ear is clinically a foreign body, making CAA.JD.AA the appropriate ICHI code. Laterality (left side) is not encoded in the base code but can be appended via an extension." }] }, { "code" : "1279987006", "display" : "Removal of piercing from right external ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A piercing is a foreign body in the external ear, and CAA.JD.AA is the appropriate ICHI code. Laterality (right side) is not encoded in the base code but can be captured via an extension." }] }, { "code" : "56134004", "display" : "Removal of posterior nonsegmental instrumentation of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish posterior vs anterior approach or segmental vs nonsegmental spinal instrumentation. MBZ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the spine and is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity." }] }, { "code" : "86398001", "display" : "Removal of posterior segmental instrumentation of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the segmental vs nonsegmental posterior instrumentation distinction. MBZ.JD.AA is the best available code covering removal of spinal internal devices without specifying approach or instrumentation type." }] }, { "code" : "235208001", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis from esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from oesophagus with incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the oesophagus via open incision, which encompasses prosthesis removal but is broader. The approach is unspecified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "5460001", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis from fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses prosthesis removal; it is wider because it also includes foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "232573004", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis from larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JD.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.JD.AD is the closest available ICHI code for laryngeal device removal — laryngeal prostheses (e.g., voice prostheses) are typically removed endoscopically. It is wider as it covers non-prosthesis devices and foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "708989009", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of acromioclavicular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated acromioclavicular joint section; MDJ covers the entire shoulder joint region, making it wider both because it encompasses all shoulder joint structures and because it covers all internal devices and foreign bodies." }] }, { "code" : "7989006", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of joint of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.JD.AA directly corresponds to removal of an internal device from the hip joint, semantically equivalent to prosthesis removal; coded as wider because the ICHI code also covers foreign bodies and any internal device." }] }, { "code" : "32026000", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ankle joint, which encompasses prosthesis removal but is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "47818003", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEJ.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the elbow joint, which includes prosthesis removal but is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to prosthetic joint structures." }] }, { "code" : "13211006", "display" : "Removal of prosthesis of joint structures of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the finger or hand joint, which encompasses prosthesis removal; broader because the ICHI target also spans finger joints." }] }, { "code" : "176237001", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic collar from female urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.JD.AA is the best available match for removal of a prosthetic collar from the bladder neck, but ICHI does not encode sex-specific anatomy and also covers other device types beyond a prosthetic collar." }] }, { "code" : "176278004", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic collar from male urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the bladder neck, but does not differentiate male from female anatomy and is broader in the device category it includes." }] }, { "code" : "177885003", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of femoral hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAK.JD.AA covers removal of a device from the abdomen generally and does not encode the specific hernia site or the prior-repair context; no ICHI code exists for hernia mesh explant from the femoral site specifically." }] }, { "code" : "177903006", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of incisional hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for incisional hernia prosthetic material removal specifically; PAK.JD.AA is the best available match capturing abdominal device removal in general." }] }, { "code" : "177872001", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of inguinal hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The inguinal hernia ICHI block contains only repair codes and no device-removal codes; PAK.JD.AA is the best available match but lacks the inguinal site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "177890000", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic material from previous repair of umbilical hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The umbilical hernia ICHI block contains only repair codes and no device-removal codes; PAK.JD.AA covers abdominal device removal generally but is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "309851000", "display" : "Removal of prosthetic shoulder joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the shoulder joint, encompassing removal of a prosthetic shoulder joint; the ICHI code is broader as it also covers non-prosthetic devices." }] }, { "code" : "312705004", "display" : "Removal of retained lens matter", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to removal of retained lens material (a secondary procedure typically following cataract surgery); BBF.JK.AA is the closest match, broader as it normally refers to primary lens extraction." }] }, { "code" : "33112000", "display" : "Removal of rice bodies from tendon sheaths of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rice bodies are fibrinous loose bodies in tendon sheaths; their removal constitutes a local excision of lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any lesion excision at that site." }] }, { "code" : "233015003", "display" : "Removal of right atrial thrombus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HAZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Thrombectomy from atrium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the procedure precisely but the code sits under \"atrium, unspecified\" rather than specifying right atrium, making it broader. Laterality could be indicated via an ICHI extension code." }] }, { "code" : "236928003", "display" : "Removal of ring from fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, encompassing a contraceptive ring, but is broader because it does not specify device type." }] }, { "code" : "416450002", "display" : "Removal of sacral nerve stimulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sacral nerve roots are part of the peripheral nervous system; ACA.JD.AE covers percutaneous device removal from peripheral nerve broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept's specificity to the sacral nerve and stimulator device type." }] }, { "code" : "371394007", "display" : "Removal of scleral buckle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A scleral buckle is precisely an internal device placed on the sclera. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body from the sclera." }] }, { "code" : "303237000", "display" : "Removal of sebaceous cyst", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to sebaceous cyst excision; LAB.JI.AA represents local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue but is broader in both anatomical site (trunk assumed) and tissue type." }] }, { "code" : "699123000", "display" : "Removal of single-chamber cardiac pacemaker with replacement by dual-chamber cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA captures the replacement action on the cardiac pacing system but does not differentiate between single-chamber and dual-chamber device types." }] }, { "code" : "265687005", "display" : "Removal of skin closure material from skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Skin closure materials (sutures, staples, clips) are foreign bodies removed without incision, matching the action and means of this code, but ICHI is anchored to trunk and covers any device or foreign body rather than closure material specifically." }] }, { "code" : "302423000", "display" : "Removal of skin expander from subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A skin expander is an implanted device in subcutaneous tissue; LAB.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk via open approach, broader because it does not specify the expander device type." }] }, { "code" : "184043001", "display" : "Removal of skin sutures/clips", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sutures and clips are wound closure devices removed without incision, fitting the JD.AH action+means pattern; ICHI is wider as it covers any internal device or foreign body and is site-specific (trunk) while SNOMED is site-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "302432003", "display" : "Removal of slough from skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk, without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Slough (necrotic tissue) removal is debridement (JG action) with the without-incision means (AH); ICHI is wider as debridement covers any devitalised tissue and the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "312707007", "display" : "Removal of soft lens matter", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Residual soft lens matter (cortical lens fragments) is treated as an intraocular foreign body within the lens; ICHI is wider as it covers any device/foreign body rather than retained soft lens material specifically." }] }, { "code" : "70752002", "display" : "Removal of spinal electronic stimulator with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The KA action axis encodes combined removal-and-replacement; ICHI is wider because it covers any spinal canal device rather than an electronic stimulator specifically." }] }, { "code" : "230990005", "display" : "Removal of spinal extradural tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The spinal extradural space is within the spinal canal; ABG.JI.AA covers local excision of any spinal canal lesion, broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity to extradural tumors." }] }, { "code" : "179229008", "display" : "Removal of spinal fixation system", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spinal fixation system (rods, screws, plates) is an internal device in the vertebral column; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the fixation device type." }] }, { "code" : "230995000", "display" : "Removal of spinal intradural extramedullary tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intradural extramedullary tumors arise within the spinal meninges compartment; ABC.JI.AA is wider as it covers any meningeal lesion and does not restrict to intradural extramedullary tumors specifically." }] }, { "code" : "10506009", "display" : "Removal of spinal neurostimulator receiver", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A spinal neurostimulator receiver is an internal device in/associated with the spinal canal; ICHI is wider as it covers any spinal canal device and does not distinguish neurostimulator components." }] }, { "code" : "35963001", "display" : "Removal of staples", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated staple-removal code; LZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any device/foreign body from skin without incision, broader because it encompasses all such removals beyond surgical staples." }] }, { "code" : "103718005", "display" : "Removal of stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic \"removal of stent\" code; IZE.JD.AF is the closest residual category covering percutaneous removal of an intravascular device from an unspecified vessel, broader as it covers any intravascular device." }] }, { "code" : "233486001", "display" : "Removal of stent from arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no AV fistula device removal code; IZE.JD.AF is the best available match, wider as it does not specify the AV fistula target or stent device type." }] }, { "code" : "233438008", "display" : "Removal of stent from vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZD.JD.AF precisely matches the venous target and percutaneous removal action; wider only in covering any intravascular device rather than stents specifically." }] }, { "code" : "432631000", "display" : "Removal of stent using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JD.AF", "display" : "Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a means modifier; IZE.JD.AF captures percutaneous removal of an intravascular device from an unspecified vessel but does not specify fluoroscopy or stent device type." }] }, { "code" : "301807007", "display" : "Removal of subcutaneous contraceptive", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subcutaneous contraceptive implants (e.g., Nexplanon) are placed in the upper arm; LAE.JD.AA covers open removal of an internal device from upper-limb subcutaneous tissue, broader as it does not specify the device as contraceptive." }] }, { "code" : "446233005", "display" : "Removal of subcutaneous reservoir using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of the trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subcutaneous reservoirs are commonly placed on the trunk; LAB.JD.AE captures percutaneous removal but does not specify fluoroscopic guidance, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "52763005", "display" : "Removal of subdeltoid calcareous deposits, open method", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subdeltoid bursa is in the periarticular shoulder region and calcareous deposits constitute a lesion; ICHI has no bursa-specific or calcification-specific code, so the shoulder-joint lesion excision code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "230830007", "display" : "Removal of subdural-pleural shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The shunt's proximal end is in the intracranial subdural space; ICHI has no dedicated subdural code, so the nearest brain-level device removal code is wider — it does not capture the subdural origin or pleural destination." }] }, { "code" : "90722001", "display" : "Removal of supernumerary finger", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of a supernumerary finger is polydactyly correction; ICHI codes this under amputation of bone of hand or finger, broader as it does not convey the accessory/supernumerary nature and frames the target as bone rather than the complete digit." }] }, { "code" : "51335009", "display" : "Removal of supernumerary toe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Foot/toe equivalent of polydactyly correction; ICHI does not convey the accessory/supernumerary character and targets the bony component rather than the complete toe." }] }, { "code" : "232763003", "display" : "Removal of thrombus from mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mitral valve thrombectomy; HZZ.JE.AA captures removal of adherent intracardiac material but is broader, not specific to thrombus, the mitral valve, or a particular approach." }] }, { "code" : "232803009", "display" : "Removal of thrombus from tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of cardiac vegetations, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no tricuspid-specific thrombectomy code; HZZ.JE.AA is the best available match for removal of adherent intracardiac material but is broader and not specific to thrombus or the tricuspid valve." }] }, { "code" : "27443008", "display" : "Removal of transvenous electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a standalone code for removal of transvenous leads alone; the HFC block only offers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1236821000", "display" : "Removal of tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma from inferior vena cava by open approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIC.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of inferior vena cava", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIC.JE.AA matches the IVC target, the action (extraction of obstruction encompasses tumor thrombus), and open approach; wider because it does not encode the RCC etiology or histological specificity." }] }, { "code" : "65848005", "display" : "Removal of ureteral catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers removal of any internal device from the ureter via open approach; SNOMED specifies a catheter as the device type, while ICHI does not distinguish device subtypes." }] }, { "code" : "55449009", "display" : "Removal of urethral catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.JD.AC captures the standard non-incisional removal of an indwelling urethral catheter (e.g., Foley); ICHI does not name the catheter type specifically." }] }, { "code" : "446256001", "display" : "Removal of vagal nerve stimulator", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vagus nerve (CN X) is a cranial nerve, so AAN.JD.AA is the anatomically correct ICHI category; ICHI does not distinguish between specific cranial nerves or device types." }] }, { "code" : "59230000", "display" : "Removal of valve of vas deferens", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vas deferens valve (e.g., contraceptive valve device) is an internal device in the spermatic cord region; NGD.JD.AA is the closest available match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "47568003", "display" : "Removal of ventricular catheter with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.KA.AA captures the combined removal-and-replacement at the brain ventricular system; wider because it applies to any ventricular device, not specifically a catheter." }] }, { "code" : "4068005", "display" : "Removal of ventricular reservoir with synchronous replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A ventricular reservoir (such as Ommaya) is an internal device in the ventricular system; AAE.KA.AA covers all ventricular device replacements and is broader than the reservoir-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "770916003", "display" : "Removal of verruca plantaris by occlusion using adhesive tape", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Duct tape occlusion therapy for plantar warts is non-incisional destruction of a skin lesion of the lower limb; ICHI is substantially broader as it does not specify the wart target or adhesive tape occlusion as the means." }] }, { "code" : "445155002", "display" : "Removal of wax from external auditory canal using microsuction", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAE.JD.AC", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from external auditory canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI classifies cerumen removal under foreign body removal for the external auditory canal; the code does not distinguish cerumen from other foreign bodies and does not specify the microsuction technique." }] }, { "code" : "408981001", "display" : "Renal care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of urinary system functions broadly, encompassing renal care assessment but broader in scope and using a functional rather than organ-based framing." }] }, { "code" : "241251007", "display" : "Renal transplant venous sampling", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Renal transplant venous sampling\" is a specific procedure involving selective catheterisation of the renal vein of a transplanted kidney to collect blood; DIA.AH.XA covers blood specimen collection in general and is therefore substantially broader, with no ICHI code capturing the renal-vein selectivity or transplant context." }] }, { "code" : "238287005", "display" : "Renewal of peritoneal drain", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.KA.AA captures replacement of an internal device within the peritoneal cavity, which is the closest structural equivalent to renewing a peritoneal drain; it is broader because it covers any internal device in the cavity and does not specify a drainage tube in particular." }] }, { "code" : "103742009", "display" : "Renewal of prescription", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.TI.ZZ represents the act of prescribing pharmacotherapy, the closest ICHI approximation to renewing a prescription; it is broader because it encompasses any new pharmacotherapy prescription and does not distinguish renewal/repeat prescribing from an initial prescription." }] }, { "code" : "303603001", "display" : "Renewal of urethral prosthesis for incontinence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.KA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic replacement of internal device of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.KA.AD captures replacement of an internal device at the urethra via transurethral endoscopic approach, closely matching the structural meaning; it is wider because it covers any urethral device replacement and does not specify the prosthesis is for incontinence management." }] }, { "code" : "715761006", "display" : "Reopening of chest and re-exploration of intrathoracic operation site", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory thoracotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Exploratory thoracotomy covers opening the thoracic cavity for exploration, aligning with the core intent of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not encode the \"re-\" (reopening of a prior surgical site) dimension, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "448940006", "display" : "Reopening of cranium and reexploration of intracranial operation site", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Craniotomy is the procedure of opening the skull; ICHI has no dedicated code for reopening a prior craniotomy site or re-exploring an intracranial operation site, so the ICHI code is broader and does not encode the reoperation context." }] }, { "code" : "386697002", "display" : "Repair AND revision of stoma of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of oesophagus is the closest available ICHI code; it does not specifically encode stoma repair or revision, so it is broader as it covers any oesophageal repair rather than the specific stoma-directed procedure." }] }, { "code" : "387707007", "display" : "Repair AND revision of stoma of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for stoma-specific repair or revision of the urinary bladder; NAI.MK.AA covers open surgical repair of the bladder as a whole, broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the bladder stoma." }] }, { "code" : "39512002", "display" : "Repair for facial weakness", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Facial weakness repair typically involves surgical repair of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve), within AAN.MK.AA; this code covers repair of any cranial nerve and does not restrict to the facial nerve or to facial weakness as the indication, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "120223001", "display" : "Repair in forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MFB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair in forearm\" is a non-specific SNOMED grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category code; the block BlockL4-MFB encompasses all musculoskeletal forearm interventions and is the most appropriate level of abstraction, though broader than a repair-specific code." }] }, { "code" : "73283001", "display" : "Repair of anal sphincter aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for aneurysm of the anal sphincter; the closest code covers repair of the anus and anal canal generally, broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies repair of an aneurysm of the sphincter specifically." }] }, { "code" : "360390006", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm by wiring", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code encoding the wiring technique specifically and no generic vascular aneurysm repair code outside ventricular-specific codes; IZA.MK.AA captures the repair action on an unspecified artery but is broader, omitting the aneurysm pathology and wiring means." }] }, { "code" : "439094009", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm by wiring using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the wiring technique or fluoroscopic guidance as a means for arterial aneurysm repair; the same fallback as the parent concept applies, additionally losing the imaging guidance dimension." }] }, { "code" : "233370007", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes aortic interventions only at discrete segment level (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, aortic arch, aortic root) with reconstruction codes; no single ICHI category spans the entire aorta, so the artery-NEC repair code is the only non-site-specific option." }] }, { "code" : "1871002", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm of coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.MK.AA precisely targets the coronary artery with the repair action via open approach, matching the anatomical site and operative intent; it is slightly wider because it covers all forms of coronary artery repair, not exclusively aneurysm repair." }] }, { "code" : "405516005", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm of lower limb artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair code; reconstruction of the lower limb artery is the closest available category as aneurysm repair with graft is a form of arterial reconstruction. The ICHI code covers all reconstructive procedures on lower limb arteries." }] }, { "code" : "74415009", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm with graft of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies an unspecified artery site; IZA.ML.AA is the best fit as a site-non-specific arterial reconstruction code covering graft-based repair, broader because it encompasses all reconstructions of arteries NEC, not only those for aneurysm." }] }, { "code" : "67815006", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm with graft of radial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radial artery is an upper limb artery, and ICA.ML.AA is the most specific available ICHI code for reconstructive procedures in that vascular territory; wider because it covers all upper limb arteries and all reconstructive indications beyond aneurysm graft repair." }] }, { "code" : "65838008", "display" : "Repair of aneurysm with graft of ulnar artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ulnar artery, like the radial artery, is an upper limb artery, making ICA.ML.AA the most specific applicable ICHI code; the code spans all upper limb arteries and all reconstructive indications, not just ulnar aneurysm repair with graft." }] }, { "code" : "387647006", "display" : "Repair of ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-MNJ", "display" : "Interventions on ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of ankle\" in SNOMED is non-specific and no assignable ICHI category code for generic ankle repair exists; the closest is the block BlockL5-MNJ, which contains a range of procedures including reduction, arthrodesis, and reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "426791002", "display" : "Repair of anomalous caval vein connection", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.LI.AA", "display" : "Thoracic anomalous systemic venous connection repair", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The caval veins (superior and inferior vena cava) are the principal thoracic systemic veins, so IDB.LI.AA captures anomalous systemic venous connection repair in the thorax; slightly broader as it covers any thoracic systemic venous anomaly, not exclusively caval vein anomalies." }] }, { "code" : "75015007", "display" : "Repair of anorectal fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated anorectal or anal fistula closure code; KBX.MK.AA is the closest available code in the anus and anal canal block, wider because it covers all types of anus repair, not specifically fistula repair." }] }, { "code" : "173393005", "display" : "Repair of anterior cleft palate with vomerine flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vomerine flap repair of an anterior cleft palate is a reconstructive technique targeting the hard palate, which aligns with KAT.ML.AA; the ICHI code is wider because it covers all hard palate reconstructions regardless of technique or specific cleft anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "173407004", "display" : "Repair of anterior palatal fistula with gingival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Palatal fistula closure with a gingival flap is a repair of the hard palate; KAT.MK.AA is the best available match, wider because it encompasses all forms of hard palate repair, not specifically fistula closure or flap-based techniques." }] }, { "code" : "175339005", "display" : "Repair of aorta with subclavian flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIK.JJ.AA", "display" : "Repair of coarctation of aortic arch", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subclavian flap technique is the classic surgical approach for repairing aortic coarctation, so HIK.JJ.AA captures the correct clinical target and intent; ICHI does not encode the subclavian flap technique within the means axis, making the code broader." }] }, { "code" : "119794006", "display" : "Repair of artery of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no category code for \"repair of artery of neck\" — the IBA block contains reconstruction and other codes but no MK.AA repair entry; IZA.MK.AA is the closest available code covering artery repair without anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "37884009", "display" : "Repair of artery of thorax and abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IDA.MK.AA covers repair of artery of thorax only, missing the abdominal component; IEA has no MK.AA repair code. IZA.MK.AA, the NEC artery repair code, best accommodates the dual-territory scope of this SNOMED concept, though anatomically unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "67727001", "display" : "Repair of artery with suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode suture as a specific means for arterial repair; no code captures \"repair of artery\" with suture (angiorrhaphy) as a distinct technique. IZA.MK.AA is the best available code for artery repair NEC, but wider because it does not specify suture or body site." }] }, { "code" : "85286001", "display" : "Repair of artery with vein graft of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICA.ML.AA correctly specifies the upper limb artery target and a reconstructive action (ML = reconstruction/graft), which aligns with vein graft repair; however, ICHI does not distinguish a vein-graft technique from other reconstructive means, and \"reconstruction\" is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's specific vein-graft repair." }] }, { "code" : "22647005", "display" : "Repair of blepharoptosis by orbicularis oculi muscle sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.MK.AA is the most specific assignable ICHI code for an eyelid repair procedure; it correctly targets the eyelid (BAA) with a repair action (MK), but ICHI has no code distinguishing ptosis correction or the orbicularis oculi muscle sling technique, making it substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "1345073008", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel with synthetic patch graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.MK.AA captures repair of an unspecified blood vessel but carries no information about the synthetic patch graft material or technique; the SNOMED concept is more specific in its means, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1345074002", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel with tissue patch graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.MK.AA maps to blood vessel repair in general; ICHI provides no means axis value to distinguish a tissue patch graft from other repair techniques, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1144788004", "display" : "Repair of bone of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAB.ML.AA covers reconstruction (ML) of facial bone broadly; \"reconstruction\" carries a broader connotation than simple repair (no MK is available for this target), and the NEC qualifier indicates a residual code covering unspecified facial bone." }] }, { "code" : "450702008", "display" : "Repair of brachial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific brachial artery repair code in ICHI; ICA.ML.AA covers the brachial artery's anatomical region but is broader — uses \"reconstruction\" rather than \"repair\" and encompasses all upper limb arteries rather than the brachial artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "19106006", "display" : "Repair of bronchocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for bronchocutaneous fistula repair; JBB.MK.AA covers the bronchial component of the fistula but does not encode the cutaneous closure or fistula-specific nature, making it broader and less specific." }] }, { "code" : "178124003", "display" : "Repair of bursa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific bursa repair code — bursa is only represented as an extension/anatomy qualifier, not as a distinct intervention target with a repair action; MRS.MK.AA is considerably broader, encompassing any soft tissue at any site." }] }, { "code" : "783791005", "display" : "Repair of canthus with full thickness graft of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The canthus is an anatomical structure of the eyelid region; ICHI codes interventions on this area under the eyelid target (BAA), and BAA.MK.AA is the closest available repair code. The ICHI code is broader because it does not capture the specificity of the canthus location or the full-thickness skin graft technique." }] }, { "code" : "441497009", "display" : "Repair of capsule and anterior and posterior labrum for stabilization of glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.MK.AA covers repair of the shoulder joint broadly, which encompasses glenohumeral capsule and labrum stabilization; the ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the capsule-and-labrum target, the anterior/posterior extent, or the stabilization intent." }] }, { "code" : "830081000168105", "display" : "Repair of cartilage of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.MK.AA covers repair of the larynx as a whole, which is the best available ICHI match for repair of laryngeal cartilage specifically; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the cartilaginous substructure (e.g., thyroid, cricoid, or arytenoid cartilage) as the target." }] }, { "code" : "234647001", "display" : "Repair of cleft lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.MK.AA is a close terminological match, but the ICHI code covers any lip repair (traumatic, neoplastic, or congenital), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically the repair of a congenital cleft lip defect." }] }, { "code" : "173394004", "display" : "Repair of cleft soft palate with intra-velar veloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA matches the anatomical target precisely, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the specific intra-velar veloplasty technique (intravelar muscle repositioning), which is the defining feature." }] }, { "code" : "265334003", "display" : "Repair of cleft soft palate with Z-plasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA covers repair of the soft palate in general, which includes the SNOMED concept, but does not capture the specific Z-plasty technique used. ICHI has no means code for Z-plasty." }] }, { "code" : "1287440007", "display" : "Repair of collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, which encompasses the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint, but is broader as it does not specify the collateral ligament or the MCP joint level." }] }, { "code" : "47634003", "display" : "Repair of congenital arteriovenous fistula of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI code exists for AV fistula of the extremity; IZE.MK.AA is the best available match covering repair of a blood vessel NEC, but it loses specificity for both the AV fistula nature and the extremity location." }] }, { "code" : "1292979002", "display" : "Repair of congenital hernia of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.MK.AA covers repair of the diaphragm generally and subsumes the SNOMED concept, but does not specify that the defect is a congenital hernia." }] }, { "code" : "230833009", "display" : "Repair of cranial cerebrospinal fluid fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically represents closure or repair of a cranial CSF fistula; AAC.MK.AA is the closest code as the meninges are the anatomical structure involved in a dural/meningeal CSF fistula. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any meningeal repair." }] }, { "code" : "68973008", "display" : "Repair of cranial meningocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for cranial meningocele repair, but AAC.MK.AA targets the same anatomical structure and surgical intent — the meninges are the tissue repaired/closed in meningocele surgery." }] }, { "code" : "1287439005", "display" : "Repair of cruciate ligament and capsule of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.MK.AA covers repair of knee ligaments broadly, which encompasses the cruciate ligament component, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies repair of the joint capsule (a distinct structure not explicitly included), making it an imprecise wider match." }] }, { "code" : "359946000", "display" : "Repair of current obstetric laceration of rectum and sphincter ani", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus and anal sphincter, which captures the primary target (sphincter ani), but ICHI does not encode the obstetric context, the rectal component, or the specific laceration aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "173399009", "display" : "Repair of defect of palate with flap of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for palate repair using a local palatal flap, but it does not capture the specific technique (local flap) nor distinguish between soft and hard palate." }] }, { "code" : "173404006", "display" : "Repair of defect of palate with mucosal graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code for palate repair, but ICHI does not encode the specific means of repair (mucosal graft) nor the hard versus soft palate distinction." }] }, { "code" : "173402005", "display" : "Repair of defect of palate with skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.MK.AA represents the closest ICHI match for palate repair, but the specific technique (skin graft) and palate sub-type are not encoded in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "173401003", "display" : "Repair of defect of palate with tongue flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a palate repair performed using a tongue flap, while KAS.MK.AA captures repair of soft palate without specifying the means/technique used." }] }, { "code" : "112977000", "display" : "Repair of diaphragmatic hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for diaphragmatic hernia repair; MCX.MK.AA is the closest available code and encompasses this procedure, but it is broader because it covers all causes of diaphragm repair, not only hernia." }] }, { "code" : "34891001", "display" : "Repair of diastematomyelia", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diastematomyelia is a congenital longitudinal splitting of the spinal cord, and its surgical repair targets the spinal cord; ABA.MK.AA is the best available ICHI match but is broader as it covers any spinal cord repair rather than the specific procedure of excising the bony/fibrous septum." }] }, { "code" : "255256004", "display" : "Repair of elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept \"Repair of elbow\" is anatomically general and could include soft-tissue structures beyond the joint, whereas ICHI MEJ.MK.AA is scoped specifically to the elbow joint; on balance, the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish the specific structure being repaired within the elbow region." }] }, { "code" : "763093007", "display" : "Repair of epispadias urethroplasty using glanular flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for epispadias or for the glanular flap technique specifically; NAM.ML.AA is the closest match because urethroplasty for epispadias is a urethral reconstruction procedure, but the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "31078004", "display" : "Repair of esophagocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for an oesophagocutaneous fistula repair; KBA.MK.AA covers repair of the oesophagus broadly, which subsumes fistula closure but does not encode the fistula type or its cutaneous component." }] }, { "code" : "234833003", "display" : "Repair of existing restoration of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's KAE.MK.AC covers tooth restoration generally and does not distinguish between an initial restoration and repair/amendment of an existing one; the SNOMED concept is more specific." }] }, { "code" : "59959006", "display" : "Repair of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BZZ.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for a generic \"repair of eye\" concept, but the NEC qualifier means it is a residual/catch-all category within the visual system rather than an exact named procedure. The SNOMED concept is itself a broad, unspecified category, so the NEC framing makes this code wider in practical application." }] }, { "code" : "5721002", "display" : "Repair of eyebrow", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow repair code — the eyebrow is covered under the integumentary system as skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, making LAA.MK.AA the best available match. The ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing the entire head and neck skin region rather than the eyebrow specifically." }] }, { "code" : "34303000", "display" : "Repair of fascia of hand by graft of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI targets ligament or fascia of hand or finger (correct body site), and reconstruction (ML action) best captures a graft-based repair. The code is wider because it does not distinguish fascia from ligament, does not specify the graft material (tendon), and covers fingers as well as hand." }] }, { "code" : "3575008", "display" : "Repair of fascia with graft of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for unspecified-site fascia repair/reconstruction; fascia falls within soft tissue and the graft-based nature of the procedure aligns with reconstruction (ML action). The code is wider because it does not specify the target tissue as fascia, the graft material as fascia, or any body site." }] }, { "code" : "87863003", "display" : "Repair of fascia with graft of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code distinguishes fascia repair by muscle graft at an unspecified site; reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site is the closest available code, but it does not capture the fascia target or muscle graft material." }] }, { "code" : "175710008", "display" : "Repair of femoral artery with temporary silastic shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral artery is a lower limb artery, so the target axis aligns; reconstruction (ML) covers graft/repair procedures on the vessel. The code is wider because it covers all lower limb arteries (not femoral-specific) and does not capture the distinctive feature of the procedure — temporary silastic shunting used to maintain perfusion during repair." }] }, { "code" : "1290555004", "display" : "Repair of filtering bleb by collagen cross linking", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A filtering bleb is a conjunctival structure created by trabeculectomy, and collagen cross linking is the specific means used to repair it; ICHI captures the target (conjunctiva) and action (repair) but does not encode the bleb as a distinct entity nor the collagen cross linking technique, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "10529001", "display" : "Repair of filtering bleb by suture with conjunctival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The filtering bleb is a conjunctival structure and repair is the action, but ICHI does not distinguish bleb repair from other conjunctival repairs, nor does it encode the suture-with-flap technique specifically, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "10272008", "display" : "Repair of fistula of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the correct target (diaphragm) and action (repair/MK) but does not specify the fistula as the pathological indication, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which is restricted to fistula repair." }] }, { "code" : "432768005", "display" : "Repair of fracture of hip by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hip fracture nailing is fundamentally a device implantation into the femur (intramedullary nail), which ICHI encodes at MLB.DN.AA, but the ICHI code does not specify the fracture indication, the nailing technique, or the fluoroscopic guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432076004", "display" : "Repair of fracture of lower limb bone by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"implantation of device into bone\" captures the core act of nailing (inserting an intramedullary nail), but the code is for an unspecified site rather than specifically the lower limb, and it does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance component or the fracture-reduction context." }] }, { "code" : "432077008", "display" : "Repair of fracture of upper limb bone by nailing using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Implantation of device into bone\" represents the nailing act, but the ICHI code is site-unspecified, does not distinguish upper from lower limb, and omits the fluoroscopic guidance and fracture indication, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "44270003", "display" : "Repair of fracture with osteotomy and correction of alignment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's osteotomy of bone of unspecified site captures the defining surgical act (osteotomy for alignment correction in fracture repair), but the code is site-unspecified and does not explicitly encode the fracture context or the combined nature of the procedure (reduction plus corrective osteotomy)." }] }, { "code" : "29477005", "display" : "Repair of fracture with sequestrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sequestrectomy (removal of dead/necrotic bone fragments) maps most closely to bone debridement in ICHI, as debridement of bone encompasses removal of devitalized sequestra; however, the ICHI code is broader because it covers all debridement types at an unspecified site and omits the fracture repair context." }] }, { "code" : "50093003", "display" : "Repair of ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical repair of a ganglion typically involves local excision of the cystic lesion from soft tissue, which aligns well with ICHI's \"local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site\"; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any soft tissue lesion at any site and does not capture the ganglion-specific nature." }] }, { "code" : "239236002", "display" : "Repair of gastrocnemius muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The gastrocnemius is a muscle of the lower leg, so MNM.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code; however it covers reconstruction of any lower leg muscle rather than the gastrocnemius specifically, and \"reconstruction\" is broader than \"repair.\"" }] }, { "code" : "73713008", "display" : "Repair of gastroschisis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gastroschisis is a congenital full-thickness abdominal wall defect requiring surgical closure, which falls under repair of the abdominal wall; ICHI has no dedicated gastroschisis code, so PAL.MK.AA is wider as it encompasses all abdominal wall repairs regardless of aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "238192002", "display" : "Repair of hernia of anterior abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.MK.AA covers repair of the abdominal wall generally, which includes the anterior abdominal wall, but does not specify that the procedure is for a hernia (as opposed to other abdominal wall defects)." }] }, { "code" : "763094001", "display" : "Repair of hypospadias urethroplasty using glanular flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the urethra (ML = reconstruction/graft), which captures the urethroplasty component of hypospadias repair, but ICHI has no code specific to hypospadias or to the glanular flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "276185009", "display" : "Repair of ileostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"repair of ileostomy\" code; repair of ileostomy is a specific procedure on the ileostomy stoma, whereas KBK.MK.AA covers repair of the small intestine broadly, making the ICHI code wider than the targeted SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "238187004", "display" : "Repair of incisional hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has hernia repair codes only for inguinal (PAM), femoral (PAN), and umbilical (PAO) sites; incisional hernias occur in the abdominal wall at a prior surgical incision, so PAL.MK.AA (Repair of abdominal wall) is the best available fit but is broader than the incisional-hernia-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1156322007", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAM.MK.AA covers inguinal hernia repair without specifying approach; the robotic assistance means can be captured by appending the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), making the base code alone wider than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies the robotic technique." }] }, { "code" : "76934002", "display" : "Repair of knee collateral ligaments", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish collateral from cruciate ligaments at the procedure-code level; MML.MK.AA covers repair of any/all knee ligaments, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited specifically to collateral ligaments." }] }, { "code" : "35926005", "display" : "Repair of knee cruciate ligaments", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for cruciate ligament repair; MML.MK.AA encompasses repair of all knee ligaments and is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept restricted to cruciate ligaments." }] }, { "code" : "301858009", "display" : "Repair of labial tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Labial tear\" in the obstetric/gynaecological context refers to a laceration of the labia (part of the vulva); NMI.MK.AA covers repair of the vulva broadly and is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies both the sub-site (labia) and the type of injury (tear/laceration)." }] }, { "code" : "36061000087105", "display" : "Repair of left middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBA.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI repair code for the middle ear and matches the procedure type well, but it does not encode laterality (left side). Laterality would need to be expressed via an ICHI extension code (&XK9K for left), making the base code broader than the lateralised SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "735017002", "display" : "Repair of left ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.MK.AA directly represents repair of the ureter with an exact action match, but it does not encode laterality (left side). As with middle ear, ICHI laterality would require an extension code, so the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the left ureter." }] }, { "code" : "1303603009", "display" : "Repair of ligament of thumb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups the thumb under \"hand or finger\" and combines ligament with fascia, making the code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically identifies the thumb ligament. No more specific thumb-ligament-only code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "431451000124107", "display" : "Repair of lipomeningocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A lipomeningocele is a complex spinal dysraphism involving meninges and a lipoma; ICHI has no dedicated lipomeningocele code, so repair of spinal meninges is the closest structural match, though it is broader as it does not capture the lipomatous component or tethered cord involvement." }] }, { "code" : "68984001", "display" : "Repair of lumbar hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific codes for inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernia repair but no dedicated lumbar hernia code; PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, not otherwise specified) is the most appropriate broader category available." }] }, { "code" : "302364006", "display" : "Repair of male urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.MK.AA covers repair of the urethra in general without specifying sex, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the male urethra. ICHI does not carry a sex-specific qualifier for this code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "62360009", "display" : "Repair of male urethrocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for closure of a urethrocutaneous fistula; the closest available code is NAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra), which covers urethral repair broadly but does not specify fistula type, fistula closure as the mechanism, or male sex — making it considerably broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "37653005", "display" : "Repair of mediastinocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mediastinum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated fistula-closure code for the mediastinum; JCG.MK.AA (Repair of mediastinum) is the closest available code but is considerably broader, covering any mediastinal repair without specifying fistula type or the cutaneous communication characteristic of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "41866000", "display" : "Repair of muscle by direct suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers repair of muscle at an unspecified body site, which aligns with the absence of a site in the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not encode \"direct suture\" as the means, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suture method." }] }, { "code" : "57872003", "display" : "Repair of muscle with graft of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at an unspecified site, which aligns with the repair action and muscle target, but does not capture the specific technique of using a fascia graft. ICHI lacks a dedicated code for muscle repair with fascial graft, making this the closest available match at an unspecified body site level." }] }, { "code" : "38083004", "display" : "Repair of nasopharyngeal atresia", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nasopharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of nasopharyngeal atresia is a specific procedure to correct a congenital or acquired obstruction of the nasopharynx, which inherently involves reconstruction; JAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx) is the closest ICHI code but is broader, as it does not specify the atresia indication or the corrective nature of the intervention. No ICHI code captures atresia repair as a distinct entity." }] }, { "code" : "359937006", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric context and laceration aetiology." }] }, { "code" : "36248000", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of urethra", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.MK.AA covers urethral repair in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the underlying cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric and traumatic context." }] }, { "code" : "61353001", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.MK.AA covers bladder repair in general without specifying an obstetric laceration as the cause; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the obstetric and traumatic context." }] }, { "code" : "112925006", "display" : "Repair of obstetric laceration of vulva", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.MK.AA covers repair of the vulva generally, without specifying the obstetric/laceration aetiology that is intrinsic to the SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is broader in that it encompasses all causes of vulval repair, not only obstetric lacerations." }] }, { "code" : "112986005", "display" : "Repair of obturator hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated obturator hernia repair code; the obturator hernia is a rare pelvic/abdominal wall hernia type not individually enumerated alongside inguinal, femoral, and umbilical entries. PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, NOS) is the broadest appropriate residual code and is wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "87968008", "display" : "Repair of old obstetrical laceration of cervix", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.MK.AC", "display" : "Other repair of cervix", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.MK.AC is the most appropriate cervical repair code in ICHI, but it does not capture the specificity of the obstetric aetiology or the chronicity (\"old\" laceration) encoded in the SNOMED concept, making it broader than the source term." }] }, { "code" : "112980004", "display" : "Repair of omental hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated omental hernia repair code; the omentum search only returned torsion-reduction procedures. PAL.MK.AA (repair of abdominal wall, NOS) is the closest residual code available, capturing the general anatomical region while being broader than the omentum-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "30502000", "display" : "Repair of omphalocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of umbilical hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An omphalocele is a congenital midline defect at the umbilicus, anatomically and surgically related to the umbilical region, and PAO.MK.AA is the closest ICHI code covering repair at that site. However, the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish congenital omphalocele from acquired umbilical hernia." }] }, { "code" : "25392002", "display" : "Repair of omphalocele with staged closure of prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An omphalocele is a congenital abdominal wall defect, and its repair with a prosthesis involves staged reconstruction of the abdominal wall — best captured by PAL.ML.AA. ICHI has no specific code for omphalocele repair or prosthetic staged closure, so this broader abdominal wall reconstruction code is the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "699325000", "display" : "Repair of oval window", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The oval window is the membrane-covered aperture between the middle and inner ear; ICHI has no specific oval window repair code, and no inner ear repair code fits as the oval window is anatomically on the middle ear boundary. CBA.MK.AC \"Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified\" is the closest structural match, though it is broader than the specific oval window target." }] }, { "code" : "178158006", "display" : "Repair of patellar tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated knee tendon block (BlockL5-MMT) but it contains no repair code — only tendon transfer/transplantation. The closest available code is the residual \"repair of tendon of unspecified site,\" which is anatomically broader than the specific patellar tendon." }] }, { "code" : "86770002", "display" : "Repair of pectus excavatum deformity with implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a specific code for pectus excavatum correction and has no chest-wall implantation code distinct from repair; PAF.MK.AA captures the anatomical site and overall procedural intent (chest wall repair) but is broader because it does not encode the deformity type or the use of an implant." }] }, { "code" : "261556006", "display" : "Repair of perforated urinary reservoir", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urinary reservoir (neobladder/continent pouch) is a surgically constructed structure analogous to the bladder, but ICHI has no dedicated code for reservoir repair. NAI.MK.AA \"Repair of bladder\" is the closest structural equivalent and covers the same surgical action on the urinary storage organ, making it broader since it does not specify a constructed reservoir or the perforated state." }] }, { "code" : "238199006", "display" : "Repair of perineal hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for perineal hernia repair — the hernia type blocks cover only inguinal (PAM), femoral (PAN), and umbilical (PAO) hernias. PAW.MK.AA \"Repair of perineum\" is the best available match as it covers surgical repair work on the perineal region, but it is broader as it does not specify a hernia defect." }] }, { "code" : "56606007", "display" : "Repair of pleurocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.MK.AA (Repair of pleura) is the closest available ICHI code, but it addresses pleural repair generically without specifying the fistulous tract to the skin (pleurocutaneous) that defines the SNOMED concept. ICHI has no dedicated pleurocutaneous fistula closure code, making the available code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405375003", "display" : "Repair of popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction (repair) of any artery of the lower limb, which includes the popliteal artery, but is broader because it does not specify the popliteal artery — no popliteal-specific repair code exists as an ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "83211004", "display" : "Repair of postcataract wound dehiscence with conjunctival flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific technique (conjunctival flap) applied to a specific clinical context (postcataract wound dehiscence); BBA.MK.AA captures the conjunctival repair component but is broader, omitting the wound dehiscence indication and the flap technique detail." }] }, { "code" : "405376002", "display" : "Repair of profunda femoris artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any artery of the lower limb, which encompasses the profunda femoris (deep femoral artery), but no profunda-femoris-specific repair code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "429325004", "display" : "Repair of pseudoaneurysm by injection of thrombin", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for pseudoaneurysm repair by thrombin injection specifically; IZE.MK.AA (repair of blood vessel NEC) captures the repair intent on a blood vessel but is broader, lacking both the pseudoaneurysm specificity and the thrombin-injection technique. It is the closest structural match available." }] }, { "code" : "439277001", "display" : "Repair of pseudoaneurysm of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for pseudoaneurysm or for arteriovenous fistula repair; IZE.MK.AA is the broadest \"repair of blood vessel NEC\" catch-all and captures the repair intent, but loses both the pseudoaneurysm pathology and the AV-fistula target specificity." }] }, { "code" : "698852005", "display" : "Repair of pseudoaneurysm of femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The femoral artery is an artery of the lower limb, and pseudoaneurysm repair typically involves reconstruction of the arterial wall; IFA.ML.AA is the best anatomically specific match available, although it is broader in that it covers any reconstruction of any lower-limb artery without specifying pseudoaneurysm pathology." }] }, { "code" : "234879008", "display" : "Repair of removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A removable orthodontic appliance (e.g. retainer, plate) is an external appliance related to the teeth, and KAE.SM.AC \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest ICHI concept, covering management/maintenance of such devices; however it is broader, encompassing any management activity (not just repair) of any external tooth appliance." }] }, { "code" : "27099004", "display" : "Repair of retroperitoneal hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes hernia repair by anatomical wall location (inguinal PAM, femoral PAN, umbilical PAO), but retroperitoneal hernia has no dedicated code; PAL.MK.AA \"Repair of abdominal wall\" is the most reasonable NEC catch-all for an abdominal/retroperitoneal wall defect, though it is broader and does not specify the retroperitoneal location or the hernia pathology." }] }, { "code" : "36091000087102", "display" : "Repair of right middle ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBA.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the procedure correctly as repair of middle ear, but the base code does not encode the right-sided laterality that the SNOMED concept specifies (laterality would require an ICHI extension code). The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "735018007", "display" : "Repair of right ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the repair of ureter procedure accurately, but the base code does not encode the right-sided laterality specified by the SNOMED concept; laterality in ICHI is represented through extension codes, making the base code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "699324001", "display" : "Repair of round window", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The round window (fenestra cochleae) is a sub-structure of the inner ear; ICHI does not have a dedicated code at the round window level and its most specific applicable code covers repair of the inner ear broadly, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "177835007", "display" : "Repair of rupture of the diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes the intervention as repair of the diaphragm, which correctly captures the procedure performed, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies the aetiology (rupture) which ICHI does not encode in the intervention code, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "45533004", "display" : "Repair of ruptured aneurysm with graft of mesenteric artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for mesenteric artery aneurysm repair; the closest match is reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery (IEA.ML.AA), which covers the correct anatomical territory and surgical intent (restoring vascular continuity with a graft) but is broader, encompassing any abdominal/pelvic artery rather than the mesenteric artery specifically." }] }, { "code" : "37963000", "display" : "Repair of serratus anterior muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for the serratus anterior muscle; the NEC category MRM.MK.AA (repair of muscle, unspecified site) captures the correct procedure type — surgical repair of a muscle — but is anatomically non-specific, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287697004", "display" : "Repair of skin of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers both head and neck together as a single combined anatomical target, whereas the SNOMED concept is restricted to the head only. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287698009", "display" : "Repair of skin of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA groups head and neck into a single undifferentiated target, while the SNOMED concept is limited to the neck only; the ICHI code is thus broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "392169009", "display" : "Repair of stoma of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no stoma-specific repair code for the trachea — the closest is the general \"Repair of trachea\" which covers any tracheal repair regardless of site, while the SNOMED concept is restricted to repair of the tracheostomy stoma (artificial opening) specifically." }] }, { "code" : "9938000", "display" : "Repair of stoma of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ureterostomy-stoma-specific repair code; the general \"Repair of ureter\" is the closest available code but is broader, covering any ureteral repair rather than being restricted to the stomal opening as in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "65935005", "display" : "Repair of stress incontinence by suprapubic sling", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The suprapubic sling procedure achieves continence by suspending and supporting the bladder neck, which is semantically captured by NAK.LC.AA. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers all suspension approaches (open, laparoscopic, transvaginal), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the suprapubic sling technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "736525003", "display" : "Repair of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue collectively without a specified anatomical site, which is the best available match; however, the ICHI code bundles skin together with subcutaneous tissue and is a residual NEC category, making it broader and less precise than the SNOMED concept which targets subcutaneous tissue alone." }] }, { "code" : "237030008", "display" : "Repair of superficial vulval tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.MK.AA is the only ICHI code for repair within the vulva block and matches the anatomical target precisely, but it does not specify that the repair is for a superficial tear (as opposed to other types of vulval repair), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "18776008", "display" : "Repair of sympathetic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of nerve, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sympathetic nervous system block in ICHI (ADB–ADE) contains only excision and injection codes — there is no repair code specific to sympathetic nerves. AZZ.MK.AA is the only nerve repair code available and covers repair of any nerve not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the sympathetic nerve specifically." }] }, { "code" : "895110001", "display" : "Repair of tendon of gluteus medius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no repair code for the hip/gluteus tendon region — the pelvic tendon block (BlockL5-MKJ/MKT) contains only tenotomy and division codes. MRT.MK.AA captures the correct action (repair of tendon) but loses the anatomical specificity of the gluteus medius, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281766007", "display" : "Repair of tendon of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has repair-of-tendon codes only at specific sub-sites within the lower limb (lower leg MNT.MK.AA, foot/toe MOT.MK.AA) but no umbrella category covering the entire lower limb; MRT.MK.AA correctly encodes the repair action but is anatomically broader, as it covers any/unspecified site rather than being constrained to the lower limb." }] }, { "code" : "301435003", "display" : "Repair of tendon of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI trunk tendon block (BlockL5-MCT) contains only one assignable code — MCT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of trunk) — and no repair code; MRT.MK.AA is the best available category encoding the repair action, though it is anatomically broader, having lost the trunk-site constraint of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "281760001", "display" : "Repair of tendon of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes tendon repair only at specific upper limb sub-sites (elbow MET.MK.AA, hand/finger MGT.MK.AA) with no single umbrella category for the entire upper limb; MRT.MK.AA correctly encodes the repair-of-tendon action but is anatomically broader, covering unspecified rather than upper-limb-restricted sites." }] }, { "code" : "699112004", "display" : "Repair of tendon of wrist with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated wrist tendon repair code — the MFT block (forearm/wrist tendon) contains no MK (repair) action code, and the nearest anatomically covering code is MRT.MK.AA at unspecified site, which is broader than both the wrist-specificity and the graft qualifier of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "28646009", "display" : "Repair of tendon sheath of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to the tendon sheath as a distinct target within the hand — MGT.MK.AA covers repair of the tendon of hand or finger broadly, which encompasses the sheath but is not limited to it, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1263703008", "display" : "Repair of tendon to bone using fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode tendon-to-bone fixation as a distinct procedure — there is no tenodesis or bone attachment code in the tendon hierarchy, so MRT.MK.AA is the closest match but is considerably broader, capturing no site specificity and no fixation technique detail from the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26541002", "display" : "Repair of tendon with graft of fascia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish the graft material (fascia vs. tendon vs. synthetic) within tendon repair codes; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction) best captures the graft-augmented nature of the procedure, but it is broader as it covers any graft type at any site." }] }, { "code" : "73726007", "display" : "Repair of tendon with graft of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with fascia grafts, ICHI does not differentiate muscle graft material in tendon repair; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction of tendon, unspecified site) is the closest match, being broader because it does not specify the muscle graft source or anatomical site." }] }, { "code" : "26920000", "display" : "Repair of tendon with graft of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's ML action (\"reconstruction/graft\") aligns well with the graft-based nature of this procedure; however, the ICHI code does not specify a body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implicitly involves a specific tendon. MRT.MK.AA (plain repair) was not chosen because the SNOMED concept specifically involves tendon grafting, which is better captured by the reconstruction action axis." }] }, { "code" : "57025004", "display" : "Repair of thoracic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFP", "display" : "Interventions on thoracic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific \"repair of thoracic duct\" category code exists in ICHI; the closest specific codes are fistula closure (DFP.MK.AA) and occlusion, neither of which matches generic repair. The parent block covering all interventions on the thoracic duct is the best available representation, though it is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287437007", "display" : "Repair of torn collateral ligament and capsule of knee joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers repair of ligaments of the knee generally, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies both the collateral ligament and the joint capsule as co-repaired structures. ICHI does not have a code that captures the capsule component, and the ligament code does not distinguish collateral from cruciate ligaments, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "232611001", "display" : "Repair of traumatic rupture of the trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's trachea repair code covers repair of the trachea by any cause and approach, while the SNOMED concept specifies the traumatic aetiology (rupture). ICHI has no mechanism to encode the traumatic cause within this code, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "49566008", "display" : "Repair of ureterocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ureterocele repair code exists in ICHI; the closest is repair of ureter generally. A ureterocele is a cystic dilation of the distal ureter, so ureterocele repair is a specific subset of ureter repair — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "83733001", "display" : "Repair of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated uvula repair code; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate and falls within BlockL5-KAS (Interventions on soft palate), so KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate) is the best available code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies only the uvula specifically." }] }, { "code" : "237032000", "display" : "Repair of vaginal vault tear", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.MK.AA (Repair of vagina) is the best match as the vaginal vault is the apical portion of the vagina, and this code covers vaginal repair broadly; however, it is wider than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses repair of any part of the vagina rather than specifically the vault (apex), and does not specify the mechanism of injury (tear/laceration)." }] }, { "code" : "52969004", "display" : "Repair of vesicocutaneous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for vesicocutaneous fistula repair; the fistula codes found in ICHI cover other anatomical sites (duodenum, cervix, thoracic duct, etc.) but not bladder-to-skin fistulae. NAI.MK.AA \"Repair of bladder\" is broader — it encompasses any bladder repair — while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to closure of a fistulous tract between the bladder and the skin." }] }, { "code" : "239385005", "display" : "Repair orbital floor", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for orbital floor repair (a procedure typically performed for blowout fractures); BAM.MK.AA \"Repair of orbit\" is the best available match, but it covers repair of the orbit in general rather than being specific to the orbital floor, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1440003", "display" : "Repair with resection-recession", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair with resection-recession\" is a strabismus correction procedure combining shortening (resection) of one extraocular muscle with lengthening (recession) of another. ICHI has separate codes for shortening and advancement of extraocular muscle, but no single code capturing the combined resection-recession technique; BDA.MK.AA is the nearest parent concept and is broader than the specific combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252213004", "display" : "Repeated sampling for hormone pulsatility", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for serial/repeated blood sampling specifically to assess hormone pulsatility (an endocrine diagnostic protocol involving timed serial venepunctures). DIA.AH.XA is the closest structural match as the physical procedure involved, but it is considerably broader — it does not capture the repeated nature, the hormone assay context, or the pulsatility assessment purpose." }] }, { "code" : "175284009", "display" : "Replacement of aneurysmal bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a specific aortofemoral bypass graft replacing an aneurysmal aortic bifurcation, which falls within ICHI's \"Reconstruction of abdominal aorta\", but ICHI does not distinguish the distal anastomotic target (femoral vs iliac) or the aneurysmal aetiology, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "265493005", "display" : "Replacement of aneurysmal bifurcation of aorta by anastomosis of aorta to iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This describes an aortoiliac graft reconstruction of an aneurysmal aortic bifurcation; ICHI captures the target (abdominal aorta) and action (reconstruction/graft) but is coarser — it does not encode the iliac anastomotic target or the aneurysmal indication." }] }, { "code" : "265512001", "display" : "Replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept targets the iliac artery specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated iliac artery intervention code; the closest is reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader because it encompasses all abdominal and pelvic arteries." }] }, { "code" : "233388004", "display" : "Replacement of aneurysmal iliac artery by anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept adds the detail of anastomotic technique to iliac artery replacement, but ICHI does not encode the aneurysmal aetiology or the anastomosis method; the reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery code is the best available match and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "359625006", "display" : "Replacement of Barton tongs of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Barton tongs are a specific type of external skull immobilisation/traction device. MAA.KB.AH covers replacement of any external immobilisation device applied to the skull, which is broader than the SNOMED concept (which specifies Barton tongs in particular), making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "359635000", "display" : "Replacement of caliper tongs of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Caliper tongs (e.g., Crutchfield or Gardner-Wells calipers) are another specific type of external skull traction/immobilisation device. MAA.KB.AH captures replacement of any external immobilisation device to the skull, making it wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449041003", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac conduit", "target" : [{ "code" : "HBB.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HBB.KA.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly describing replacement of a cardiac conduit, and it is an excellent match in procedure type, but it is scoped specifically to the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit while the SNOMED concept is non-specific about which cardiac conduit is involved." }] }, { "code" : "384683008", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac pacemaker device with dual-chamber device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers open replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system and is the best available ICHI match, but ICHI does not distinguish between single- and dual-chamber devices, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies dual-chamber replacement." }] }, { "code" : "8072003", "display" : "Replacement of cardiac pacemaker with single chamber pacemaker not specified as rate responsive", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA is the best available ICHI match for pacemaker replacement, but ICHI does not capture the single-chamber or rate-responsiveness distinction present in the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "449340005", "display" : "Replacement of cast of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.KB.AH directly captures replacement of an external immobilisation device (which includes casts) but is not specific to the lower limb; ICHI has site-specific application codes for lower limb immobilisation but no site-specific replacement codes, making PZX.KB.AH the best available match despite its broader anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "449341009", "display" : "Replacement of cast of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated upper-limb cast replacement code; PZX.KB.AH captures the action (replacement of external immobilisation device) but is a non-site-specific NEC residual, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is specific to the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "8236002", "display" : "Replacement of Crutchfield tongs of skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.KB.AH", "display" : "Replacement of external immobilisation device to skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes skull tongs only as insertion (MAA.DL.AA); the closest replacement code is MAA.KB.AH which covers replacement of any external immobilisation device on the skull, not specifically Crutchfield tongs, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47956003", "display" : "Replacement of drain of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement and refitting of vaginal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.KA.AC covers replacement of any vaginal device (including pessaries and other internal devices), which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying replacement of a drain specifically; no ICHI code is limited to vaginal drains alone." }] }, { "code" : "3515001", "display" : "Replacement of electronic heart device, pulse generator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the pulse generator component; ICHI does not have a code restricted to generator-only replacement, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1366156009", "display" : "Replacement of external drain in intracranial subdural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.KA.AA is the only ICHI code for replacement of an intracranial device and captures the action (replacement) and intracranial location, but it is broader — it does not specify that the device is an external drain, nor that the target is specifically the subdural space." }] }, { "code" : "1366179005", "display" : "Replacement of external drain in subdural space", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of intracranial device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This maps to the best available ICHI code for intracranial device replacement, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the subdural space specifically nor the external drain device type." }] }, { "code" : "105271000220107", "display" : "Replacement of fixed orthodontic retainer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for replacement of a fixed orthodontic retainer; KAE.SM.AC is the closest available concept, encompassing adjustments and changes to external tooth appliances, but it is broader than the specific act of replacing a fixed retainer." }] }, { "code" : "232955009", "display" : "Replacement of implanted truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.DN.AA", "display" : "Replacement of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no KA-axis (replacement of internal device) code for the truncal valve, so HDI.DN.AA \"Replacement of truncal valve\" is the closest available code, but it does not distinguish between a first replacement and a redo replacement of a previously implanted prosthesis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "74467008", "display" : "Replacement of inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal penile prosthesis, while the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the inflatable (hydraulic) subtype; ICHI does not have a code that further specifies the prosthesis type, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "1252724009", "display" : "Replacement of intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The intrathecal space lies within the spinal canal, and a catheter is a device, so ABG.KA.AE covers this procedure's core meaning. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any spinal canal device (not only intrathecal catheters)." }] }, { "code" : "1222635008", "display" : "Replacement of intrathecal implantable infusion pump and pump segment of intrathecal catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.KA.AE is the best available code for replacement of hardware placed within the spinal canal, capturing the catheter segment of the procedure; however, it is broader because it does not distinguish the infusion pump (which sits subcutaneously, not in the spinal canal itself) nor does ICHI have a composite code for simultaneous pump-and-catheter replacement." }] }, { "code" : "1234788003", "display" : "Replacement of leadless cardiac pacemaker", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of any pacemaker or defibrillator system without specifying the leadless variety, while the SNOMED concept is specifically a leadless pacemaker replacement. A more specific implantation code for leadless pacemakers exists (HFC.DN.AE) but it describes implantation, not replacement; HFC.KA.AA is the closest replacement code." }] }, { "code" : "112896000", "display" : "Replacement of mechanical kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of device in kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Mechanical kidney\" is an older term for an implantable renal assist or dialysis device; no ICHI code explicitly names this device, but NAA.KA.AA is the structurally closest match at the correct anatomical target with the correct action (replacement/KA) in the kidney. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal kidney device." }] }, { "code" : "1303932009", "display" : "Replacement of metal ureteric stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ureteric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ureteric device, which includes stents, but does not specify stent material (metal). The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to metal ureteric stents specifically." }] }, { "code" : "23491005", "display" : "Replacement of nephrostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of device in kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that specifically names nephrostomy tube replacement; NAA.KA.AA is the best structural match using the correct target (kidney/NAA) and action (replacement/KA), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is restricted to the nephrostomy tube specifically." }] }, { "code" : "81253008", "display" : "Replacement of neural pacemaker from peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.KA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.KA.AE covers percutaneous replacement of any peripheral nerve device, which encompasses a neural pacemaker (neurostimulator), but is broader because it includes any device type and does not specify a pacemaker/stimulator specifically." }] }, { "code" : "86486005", "display" : "Replacement of non-inflatable penile prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal penile prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.KA.AA directly covers replacement of an internal penile prosthesis, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between inflatable and non-inflatable (semi-rigid/malleable) prosthesis types." }] }, { "code" : "438342006", "display" : "Replacement of peritoneal dialysis catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal device in the peritoneal cavity, which encompasses a peritoneal dialysis catheter but is not specific to dialysis catheters. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both device type and functional purpose." }] }, { "code" : "88684008", "display" : "Replacement of prosthesis of acetabulum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA captures replacement of any hip joint device and is the closest available ICHI code, but it does not distinguish the acetabular component specifically from other hip joint prosthetic components (e.g. the femoral stem)." }] }, { "code" : "86957000", "display" : "Replacement of prosthesis of femur", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no dedicated ICHI code for replacing a femoral prosthesis at the bone level; MLJ.KA.AA (replacement of hip joint device) is the best available match because a femoral prosthesis in this context invariably functions as the femoral component of a hip arthroplasty, but the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "275074004", "display" : "Replacement of prosthetic collar around female urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of bladder device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists specifically for a prosthetic collar at the bladder neck; NAI.KA.AA (replacement of bladder device) is the closest match, but it is broader — it covers any bladder device and does not specify the neck location, the collar device type, or female sex." }] }, { "code" : "303601004", "display" : "Replacement of prosthetic collar around male urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of bladder device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated ICHI code exists for a bladder neck prosthetic collar replacement. NAI.KA.AA is the best available approximation, but it is broader, covering any bladder device replacement without specifying the neck location, collar type, or male sex." }] }, { "code" : "450821005", "display" : "Replacement of pulse generator of implantable cardioverter defibrillator using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (not just the pulse generator component) and does not capture the fluoroscopic guidance specified in the SNOMED concept; ICHI thus encompasses a broader set of procedures than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "12784001", "display" : "Replacement of stent of fallopian tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMC.DN.AD", "display" : "Implantation of device into fallopian tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated stent replacement code for the fallopian tube; the closest code is implantation of a device (which would cover inserting the replacement stent) but it does not capture the removal of the old stent or specify a stent as the device type." }] }, { "code" : "36250008", "display" : "Replacement of tissue expander of skin with permanent prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.KA.AA covers replacement of any internal device of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically involves exchanging a tissue expander for a permanent prosthesis; ICHI does not distinguish between device types nor specify the body region beyond trunk." }] }, { "code" : "439355003", "display" : "Replacement of tunneled centrally inserted central venous catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.SN.AF", "display" : "Maintaining intravenous access", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for replacement of a tunneled/centrally inserted CVC; IZD.SN.AF (Maintaining intravenous access) is the closest assignable code under interventions on vein NEC, but it is broader — covering all means of preserving IV access, not specifically tunneled CVC replacement." }] }, { "code" : "1348207001", "display" : "Replacement of urinary temporary extra-anatomic stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ureteric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.KA.AA covers replacement of any ureteric device, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a temporary extra-anatomic (bypassing the normal urinary tract) stent; the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the extra-anatomic or temporary nature of the device." }] }, { "code" : "24204004", "display" : "Replacement of vaginal packing", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement and refitting of vaginal device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.KA.AC covers replacement/refitting of any vaginal device (e.g., pessaries, prostheses), while the SNOMED concept is specifically about packing (a tamponade/haemostatic material); NMH.DK.AC describes insertion of packing but not its replacement, making NMH.KA.AC the better fit despite being broader." }] }, { "code" : "177022004", "display" : "Replantation of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplantation of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"replantation\" (autotransplantation) code for the ovary; NMA.KD.AA (Transplantation of ovary) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it encompasses both autologous and heterologous transplantation rather than specifically replantation of the patient's own organ." }] }, { "code" : "173280002", "display" : "Replantation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.KD.AC", "display" : "Transplantation of tooth or tooth bud", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI uses \"transplantation\" to cover reimplantation/replantation of a tooth into its socket, making this the closest available code; however, the title also encompasses tooth bud transplantation and autotransplantation to a different socket, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "234863007", "display" : "Reposition orthodontic bracket", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An orthodontic bracket is an external dental appliance, and repositioning it falls within appliance management; however, KAE.SM.AC is broader, covering all forms of external dental appliance management beyond bracket repositioning specifically." }] }, { "code" : "447361006", "display" : "Repositioning of corneal flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cornea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repositioning a displaced LASIK corneal flap is a form of corneal repair, making BBB.MK.AA the best available fit; however, \"Repair of cornea\" is broader and does not specifically distinguish flap repositioning from other corneal repair procedures." }] }, { "code" : "444665003", "display" : "Resection and anastomosis of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea) is the best available match, as tracheal resection with anastomosis is the primary technique for tracheal reconstruction; however, the ICHI code is broader, encompassing other reconstructive approaches." }] }, { "code" : "79553004", "display" : "Resection of abdominal aorta with replacement", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA captures the reconstructive intent of aortic resection with replacement (graft interposition), but \"reconstruction\" is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of resection with replacement, and ICHI provides no more granular code." }] }, { "code" : "715765002", "display" : "Resection of ascending thoracic aorta using prosthetic graft with cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ascending aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for ascending aortic resection with prosthetic graft replacement, but it is broader — ICHI does not distinguish the means (prosthetic graft technique) or the use of cardiopulmonary bypass at this level of coding granularity." }] }, { "code" : "38512006", "display" : "Resection of cerebral meninges", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAC.JJ.AA covers partial excision of cerebral meninges, which is the closest available ICHI code; however, ICHI has no \"total excision\" code for cerebral meninges, and the SNOMED term \"resection\" can imply either partial or total removal." }] }, { "code" : "422246005", "display" : "Resection of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.JJ.AA (partial excision of conjunctiva) is the best ICHI match for conjunctival resection; ICHI offers no total excision code for conjunctiva, so the ICHI code is wider in that it does not specify whether the resection is partial or complete." }] }, { "code" : "772045007", "display" : "Resection of innominate bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Other partial ostectomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The innominate bone (os coxae) is part of the pelvic girdle, and MKB.JJ.AA covers partial ostectomy of the pelvis, which is the closest ICHI code available; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all pelvic bones rather than specifically the innominate bone." }] }, { "code" : "12617007", "display" : "Resection of lower limb artery with replacement by graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA captures reconstruction (which includes graft replacement) of a lower limb artery, matching the body site and the resection-plus-replacement nature of the procedure, but it does not specify that the reconstruction is achieved by graft replacement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "6801000", "display" : "Resection of mesentery", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of peritoneal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The mesentery is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code; ICHI does not have a dedicated mesentery excision code, making this a broader match that encompasses more than just the mesentery." }] }, { "code" : "53707000", "display" : "Resection of orbicularis oculi muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of ocular muscles or tendons", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BDA.JJ.AA covers partial excision of ocular muscles generally and is the best available code; the orbicularis oculi is not an extraocular muscle in the strict sense but falls under periocular/eyelid musculature — the code is broader as it does not specify the orbicularis oculi specifically." }] }, { "code" : "440522000", "display" : "Resection of pharyngeal wall with closure using myocutaneous flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial oropharyngectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAR.JJ.AA represents partial excision of the oropharynx (pharyngeal wall resection), which matches the resection component; however, ICHI does not encode the specific reconstructive closure using a myocutaneous flap, making the code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "43668008", "display" : "Resection of soft palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAS.JJ.AA covers partial excision of the soft palate, which aligns well with \"resection\"; no total excision code exists for the full soft palate in ICHI. KAS.JJ.AA is the closest available code but may be broader if the SNOMED concept implies total palatectomy." }] }, { "code" : "54154000", "display" : "Resection of sphincter of Oddi", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated sphincter-of-Oddi resection code exists in ICHI; KCM.JI.AA is the only excision-type code targeting this structure, making it the closest match, though it is broader (includes biliary duct) and implies a lesion rather than sphincter resection per se." }] }, { "code" : "1753001", "display" : "Resection of uveal tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of eye, unspecified structure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) has no single dedicated ICHI resection code covering the full uveal tract. BZZ.JI.AA is the nearest code covering excision within the eye at an unspecified structure, but it is broader in target and implies a lesion-focused local excision rather than a general uveal tissue resection." }] }, { "code" : "225104000", "display" : "Residual catheterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JB.AC", "display" : "Drainage of bladder without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Residual catheterization is the non-incisional transurethral insertion of a catheter to drain the urinary bladder (typically for post-void residual urine), which aligns well with NAI.JB.AC. ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify the residual/post-void context or the catheterization instrument specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410205005", "display" : "Respiratory care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.AA.ZZ captures the assessment of respiration function, which aligns well with a respiratory care assessment. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any assessment of respiration function generally, while the SNOMED concept specifically frames this as \"care assessment\" implying a clinical care context." }] }, { "code" : "268511007", "display" : "Respiratory disease monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.AI.ZZ is the only ICHI monitoring code in the respiratory function hierarchy and is a good structural match for ongoing respiratory disease monitoring. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it refers to monitoring of respiration function without restricting to a disease state." }] }, { "code" : "410198006", "display" : "Respiratory function management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JTB", "display" : "Interventions on respiratory function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI category code covers \"respiratory function management\" as a broad clinical concept; the block BlockL5-JTB is the best structural match, encompassing all assessment, monitoring, training, and therapeutic interventions on respiration function. A block-level mapping is appropriate as the SNOMED concept is itself a high-level category." }] }, { "code" : "21784000", "display" : "Respiratory technique education", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.PM.ZZ covers education about respiration function, which aligns closely with teaching respiratory techniques; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses all education about respiration function rather than being restricted to technique-specific instruction." }] }, { "code" : "53950000", "display" : "Respiratory therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JT2", "display" : "Interventions on functions of respiratory system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a single code for \"respiratory therapy\" as a composite concept; the JT2 block groups all functional respiratory interventions and is the closest structural equivalent, though it is broader than any single code." }] }, { "code" : "387662008", "display" : "Respiratory tract procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on the respiratory system or voice or speech", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Respiratory tract procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept with no single assignable ICHI category equivalent; BlockL3-JAA is the most appropriate ICHI structural node, though it also includes voice and speech which extends beyond the respiratory tract alone." }] }, { "code" : "410409001", "display" : "Rest/sleep surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.AA.ZZ covers assessment of sleep functions, which is the closest ICHI concept to clinical monitoring or surveillance of rest/sleep; however it is broader, encompassing general assessment rather than the ongoing surveillance/monitoring activity implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "58496000", "display" : "Restoration of eyebrow with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match as it covers skin grafting to the head and neck region, which encompasses eyebrow reconstruction with a graft; it is broader because it does not specify the eyebrow as the target site." }] }, { "code" : "72238005", "display" : "Restoration, crown, 3/4 cast, metallic", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC covers dental restoration generally and is the closest ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a particular subtype of crown restoration (3/4 cast metallic); ICHI does not differentiate crown type, material, or extent of coverage at this level." }] }, { "code" : "19662007", "display" : "Restoration, crown, full cast, predominantly base metal", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable ICHI code for tooth restorations; within the ICHI extension value set, \"Metallic crown\" exists as a postcoordination detail but carries no structured alphanumeric code. The ICHI category subsumes full-cast base-metal crowns alongside all other tooth restoration types, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "74992002", "display" : "Restoration, crown, resin, laboratory", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains \"Nonmetallic crown\" as an extension value under \"Dental crown\" (itself under KAE.MK.AC), but neither has a structured alphanumeric code, so the best assignable code is KAE.MK.AC. This broader category covers all crown restorations regardless of material or fabrication method." }] }, { "code" : "16420009", "display" : "Restoration, gold foil, one surface", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for gold foil restoration (a direct gold condensation technique); KAE.MK.AC is the sole assignable code and is substantially broader, capturing neither the gold material nor the one-surface specificity of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "66547004", "display" : "Restoration, gold foil, three surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks any gold foil restoration concept; the three-surface specification and gold material cannot be represented in ICHI's structured coding. KAE.MK.AC is the only assignable tooth restoration code and is substantially broader than this three-surface gold foil procedure." }] }, { "code" : "39285009", "display" : "Restoration, gold foil, two surfaces", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no gold foil restoration concept and no surface-count granularity in its dental restoration coding. KAE.MK.AC is the sole assignable tooth restoration code and covers this two-surface gold foil procedure only at a much higher level of abstraction." }] }, { "code" : "47320005", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, per tooth, in addition to inlay, laboratory processed", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single \"Restoration of tooth\" category that covers all restorative materials and techniques without distinguishing composite/resin from other materials. The SNOMED concept also specifies a billing context that has no ICHI equivalent." }] }, { "code" : "74236008", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, metallic, per tooth, in addition to inlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not differentiate restorations by material type (metallic vs. other), so the single \"Restoration of tooth\" code subsumes this more specific metallic inlay concept. The additive billing context (\"in addition to inlay\") present in SNOMED has no ICHI counterpart." }] }, { "code" : "5517007", "display" : "Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, per tooth, in addition to inlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes all tooth restorations under a single \"Restoration of tooth\" code regardless of whether the material is porcelain or ceramic, and does not capture the additive billing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "285417003", "display" : "Resuture of episiotomy dehiscence", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAW.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of perineum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for resuture of a broken-down episiotomy wound; the closest available code is \"Repair of perineum,\" which covers perineal repair generally. The SNOMED concept is more specific in naming both the episiotomy origin and the dehiscence indication." }] }, { "code" : "83550001", "display" : "Resuture of wound of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"resuture\" or secondary closure code; MK (repair) on the skin target is the closest action-axis match, but ICHI codes are all site-specific whereas the SNOMED concept is site-agnostic. LAB.MK.AA is used here as a representative site-specific instance." }] }, { "code" : "1344761006", "display" : "Resuturing of trabeculectomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Resuturing a trabeculectomy involves suturing the scleral flap that was raised during the original trabeculectomy, making BCB.MK.AA the anatomically and procedurally closest ICHI code; however it is broader because it does not specify the trabeculectomy context or left-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1344762004", "display" : "Resuturing of trabeculectomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.MK.AA covers repair of the scleral flap site but is broader as it encompasses all scleral repairs and does not capture the specific trabeculectomy revision context or right-eye laterality without an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "40345006", "display" : "Retinaculotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFL.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of ligament of wrist", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinaculotomy is the incision/division of a retinaculum (most commonly the flexor retinaculum at the wrist in carpal tunnel release), and MFL.FB.AA is the best structural match in ICHI; however it is wider because it covers any wrist ligament division and does not exclude non-wrist retinaculotomy sites." }] }, { "code" : "428560004", "display" : "Retinopexy using tissue adhesive", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinopexy using tissue adhesive is a retinal fixation/repair procedure and BCC.MK.AA captures the therapeutic intent of restoring retinal attachment; ICHI does not specify the adhesive means axis, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "397524001", "display" : "Retinoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retinoscopy is a specific objective refraction test used to assess refractive error by observing the pupillary reflex; BTB.AC.ZZ is the best available match within the eye functions block, but it is broader, encompassing any test of seeing rather than specifically this technique." }] }, { "code" : "231610002", "display" : "Retractor plication of lower eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retractor plication of the lower eyelid is a surgical repair technique tightening the lower eyelid retractors (typically for ectropion correction), which falls under repair of eyelid; BAA.MK.AA is broader as it covers any eyelid repair without specifying the plication technique or the lower eyelid target." }] }, { "code" : "397892004", "display" : "Retrograde intubation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.DL.AC", "display" : "Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for retrograde intubation (a technique where a wire is passed through the cricothyroid membrane and used to guide the endotracheal tube from below). The closest available code is the residual \"other intubation of respiratory tract, NEC\" category." }] }, { "code" : "432397005", "display" : "Retrograde percutaneous pyeloplasty using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Pyeloplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a plain pyeloplasty code (NAB.MK.AA) and a laparoscopic pyeloplasty (NAB.MK.AB), but no code specific to the retrograde percutaneous approach under fluoroscopic guidance. The open pyeloplasty code is the best available match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "288020000", "display" : "Retroperitoneal adhesions freeing", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of abdominal adhesions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for retroperitoneal adhesiolysis; the closest topographic match is \"Release of abdominal adhesions\" (PAK.FC.AA), which covers the abdomen broadly including the retroperitoneal compartment." }] }, { "code" : "288019006", "display" : "Retroperitoneal exploration operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.AE.AA", "display" : "Exploratory laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated code for retroperitoneal exploration; the nearest available code is \"Exploratory laparotomy\" (PAK.AE.AA), which covers abdominal exploration broadly but does not distinguish the retroperitoneal space and implies an open laparotomy." }] }, { "code" : "231602003", "display" : "Retropunctal cautery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Retropunctal cautery is a specific technique to cauterise tissue just posterior to the lacrimal punctum, used to occlude tear drainage. ICHI has no punctum-specific cautery code; \"Destruction of lacrimal apparatus\" is the closest match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "230921000", "display" : "Revascularization of brain tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for \"revascularization of brain tissue\" as a category; the closest assignable code is anastomosis of intracranial artery (the open surgical EC-IC bypass technique most associated with cerebral revascularization), but the SNOMED concept is broader, covering all techniques including percutaneous and transmyocardial approaches." }] }, { "code" : "233501006", "display" : "Revascularization of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a hand-specific vascular revascularization code; hand vasculature falls under the upper limb artery block and the nearest assignable code covers the entire upper limb artery, making it broader than the hand-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "312455006", "display" : "Reversibility trial by steroids", "target" : [{ "code" : "JT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A steroid reversibility trial is a specific pharmacological challenge test assessing airway obstruction reversibility; ICHI has no dedicated code for this and the residual respiratory function test category is substantially broader and does not encode the steroid-challenge specificity." }] }, { "code" : "763287008", "display" : "Review at hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code for a hospital-based review visit specifically; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents an unspecified health management encounter on the whole person, which is broader than a defined review consultation at a hospital setting." }] }, { "code" : "415300000", "display" : "Review of systems", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Review of systems\" is a structured clinical inquiry covering multiple body systems as part of history-taking, which is a component of — but narrower than — a general health assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but encompasses a broader activity." }] }, { "code" : "179594006", "display" : "Revision arthrodesis of toe joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOJ.LE.AA covers arthrodesis of any joint of the foot or toe without distinguishing revision from primary procedures, and also encompasses foot joints beyond the toe joint specifically; the ICHI code is broader on both dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "179321008", "display" : "Revision cemented hemiarthroplasty of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA captures the revision (replacement of a previously implanted device) at the hip joint, aligning with redo arthroplasty, but does not differentiate hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty nor cemented from uncemented fixation." }] }, { "code" : "179423007", "display" : "Revision cemented hemiarthroplasty of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of shoulder joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.KA.AA captures the revision/replacement of a shoulder joint device but does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty from total arthroplasty or cemented from cementless fixation, making it semantically broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178575007", "display" : "Revision decompression and fusion thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.LE.AA covers the fusion component at the thoracic spine level, but ICHI has no dedicated thoracic decompression code, and the revision nature is not captured; the ICHI code is broader, covering only part of the combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178576008", "display" : "Revision decompression of thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Release of spinal canal\" is the closest ICHI concept to spinal decompression, capturing the decompressive release of the neural canal, but it is not specific to the thoracic level and does not encode the revision (re-operation) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178530009", "display" : "Revision excision of cervical intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Cervical discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBB.JJ.AA is a precise anatomical match for open cervical disc excision (discectomy), but ICHI provides no mechanism to encode the revision (re-operation) context, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179565004", "display" : "Revision intra-articular arthrodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LE.AA captures the arthrodesis procedure at an unspecified joint, the closest available ICHI category, but neither the intra-articular specificity nor the revision character of the procedure is represented." }] }, { "code" : "405369007", "display" : "Revision of abdominal vascular prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Revision of an abdominal vascular prosthesis (e.g. an aortic or pelvic bypass graft) maps best to reconstruction of the abdominal or pelvic artery, encompassing surgical reworking of the vessel or conduit; ICHI does not distinguish primary from revision procedures, and the prosthesis-specific nature is not encoded." }] }, { "code" : "405439001", "display" : "Revision of amputation of hallux", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MOB.JN.AA covers amputation of any bone of the foot or toe and does not distinguish the hallux (great toe) from other toes, so the ICHI code is broader in target specificity; revision intent would require the XG3J07 extension code." }] }, { "code" : "609213002", "display" : "Revision of amputation stump of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation through forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.JN.AA matches the anatomical site well; the code is broader because it does not distinguish stump revision from primary amputation, and proximal vs distal forearm levels are not differentiated." }] }, { "code" : "609214008", "display" : "Revision of amputation stump of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.JN.AA covers amputation at the hand or finger level and is broader than a stump revision specific to the hand (wrist disarticulation level); revision intent would require the XG3J07 extension code." }] }, { "code" : "609215009", "display" : "Revision of amputation stump of humerus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.JN.AA", "display" : "Amputation through humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEB.JN.AA aligns well with the anatomical site; it is broader as it does not specify the level within the humerus and does not differentiate stump revision from primary amputation." }] }, { "code" : "448818001", "display" : "Revision of anterolateral excision of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBH.JJ.AA covers thoracic discectomy as an open procedure, capturing the core operative target and action, but does not encode the revision nature or the specific anterolateral approach, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1345030004", "display" : "Revision of aqueous shunt to extraocular reservoir of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.SN.AA covers management (including revision) of an internal device in the anterior chamber, aligning with the aqueous shunt implant concept, but does not capture the specific destination (extraocular reservoir), the revision nature, or laterality without an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "1345029009", "display" : "Revision of aqueous shunt to extraocular reservoir of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical procedural logic to the left-eye concept differing only in laterality; BBE.SN.AA is the best available ICHI code for managing an implanted aqueous drainage device, with right-eye laterality expressible only via extension." }] }, { "code" : "7459007", "display" : "Revision of arteriovenous fistula with thrombectomy with autogenous graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous shunt/fistula management, but it does not encode the thrombectomy component, the use of an autogenous graft, or the revision nature; ICHI has no dedicated code combining these three elements." }] }, { "code" : "34163007", "display" : "Revision of arteriovenous fistula with thrombectomy with nonautogenous graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code for arteriovenous fistula/shunt management, but it does not distinguish the thrombectomy component, the nonautogenous (synthetic or allograft) graft material, or the revision context." }] }, { "code" : "225892009", "display" : "Revision of arteriovenous shunt for renal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF covers management of arteriovenous shunts broadly, encompassing revision, but is not specific to revision nor to the renal dialysis context; no more specific ICHI code exists." }] }, { "code" : "1285697003", "display" : "Revision of arthroplasty of head of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of elbow joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The head of radius forms the radio-humeral articulation within the elbow joint, so MEJ (elbow joint) is the correct target; KA (replacement of device) is the closest action to revision of an arthroplasty implant. ICHI does not distinguish radial head from the broader elbow joint." }] }, { "code" : "438859009", "display" : "Revision of arthroplasty of wrist joint with removal of implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of wrist joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.KA.AA is the closest match for revision arthroplasty at the wrist; however, the SNOMED concept specifies removal of the implant as part of the revision, which is not captured in this single code, and \"replacement\" implies re-implantation rather than pure removal." }] }, { "code" : "45125008", "display" : "Revision of breast implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of breast prosthesis with removal of previous breast implant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.KA.AA captures the concept of re-intervening on a previously placed breast implant (removing and replacing it), overlapping substantially with revision of breast implant; however, the ICHI code specifically encodes replacement, while revision may include adjustments that do not involve full replacement." }] }, { "code" : "175040004", "display" : "Revision of bypass for four or more coronary arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes coronary artery bypass as a single undifferentiated category with no concept of revision or vessel count; HIA.LI.AA is the best match but is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both revision and four or more arteries." }] }, { "code" : "175037004", "display" : "Revision of bypass for one coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no distinct codes for revision coronary bypass procedures or for single-vessel versus multi-vessel distinction; HIA.LI.AA covers all coronary artery bypass operations and is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "175039001", "display" : "Revision of bypass for three coronary arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish revision procedures from primary bypass procedures, nor stratify by vessel count; HIA.LI.AA is the single available ICHI category for all coronary artery bypass and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "175038009", "display" : "Revision of bypass for two coronary arteries", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA covers coronary artery bypass generically without distinguishing revision/redo procedures or the number of vessels grafted; the ICHI code is broader than this SNOMED concept, which specifically denotes a revision of a bypass involving two coronary arteries." }] }, { "code" : "438598005", "display" : "Revision of cervical total intervertebral disc prosthesis using anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBB.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of artificial cervical spinal disc prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBB.KA.AA captures replacement (revision) of an artificial cervical spinal disc prosthesis, but ICHI does not encode the anterior surgical approach or the qualifier \"total\" disc prosthesis, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "442573000", "display" : "Revision of decompression of median nerve at wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.FC.AA covers release (decompression) of any peripheral nerve, which encompasses revision of median nerve release at the wrist (carpal tunnel); the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the nerve, the site, or that this is a re-do procedure." }] }, { "code" : "442574006", "display" : "Revision of decompression of posterior tibial nerve at ankle", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve, which encompasses revision of posterior tibial nerve decompression at the ankle (tarsal tunnel release); broader as it does not distinguish the specific nerve, ankle location, or revision context." }] }, { "code" : "782391003", "display" : "Revision of decompressive excision of lamina of lumbar vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Excision of the lumbar vertebral lamina (laminectomy) equates to a partial lumbar vertebrectomy in ICHI terms; the ICHI code does not capture the decompressive intent or the revision context, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "405421005", "display" : "Revision of disarticulation of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.JN.AA", "display" : "Disarticulation of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.JN.AA directly encodes disarticulation at the hip joint; the ICHI code does not encode the revision context (re-operation on a prior disarticulation), so it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "25140000", "display" : "Revision of fenestration of inner ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of fenestration\" code; CCA.MK.AA (Repair of inner ear) covers corrective work on the inner ear but is broader, as it does not specify fenestration or revision." }] }, { "code" : "428409003", "display" : "Revision of fixtures for attachment of nasal prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of internal device of skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for osseointegrated fixtures for nasal prosthesis attachment; MAA.KA.AA is the closest because the bone-anchored fixtures sit in skull bone, but the code is broader (any skull internal device)." }] }, { "code" : "177483001", "display" : "Revision of flap of skin to head or neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for revision of a skin flap; LAA.MK.AA captures the anatomical site and corrective nature but is broader, as it does not specify that the work revises a previously created flap." }] }, { "code" : "178546001", "display" : "Revision of fusion of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides only a single code for cervical spinal fusion with no separate revision variant; this code is the closest match but does not distinguish a primary fusion from a revision procedure." }] }, { "code" : "450797008", "display" : "Revision of fusion of joint and internal fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"revision of fusion\" or \"revision of internal fixation\" code for a non-specific joint site; MRJ.LE.AA is the best available match for the fusion component but does not capture the internal fixation aspect or revision nature." }] }, { "code" : "1186603001", "display" : "Revision of fusion of joint of spine with internal fixation of bone of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision\" action for spinal fusion; MBZ.LE.AA is the broadest spinal fusion code covering unspecified spinal levels, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450792002", "display" : "Revision of fusion of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish primary fusion from revision fusion at the lumbar level; MBM.LE.AA is the closest anatomically specific code but does not encode the revision/redo nature." }] }, { "code" : "442192009", "display" : "Revision of fusion of occipitocervical junction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no occipitocervical-specific code, and no revision-of-fusion action; MBA.LE.AA is the best available anatomical approximation but covers the entire cervical spine." }] }, { "code" : "71102008", "display" : "Revision of gastric anastomosis with jejunal interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LB.AA", "display" : "Gastric anastomosis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no revision-specific gastric anastomosis code and no code capturing jejunal interposition; KBF.LB.AA covers the primary procedure on the stomach but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "10289000", "display" : "Revision of gastroduodenal anastomosis with reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for revision of a gastroduodenal anastomosis; KBF.ML.AA is the closest match capturing the reconstructive component, but it is broader as it does not specify the duodenal anastomotic site or revision context." }] }, { "code" : "21269005", "display" : "Revision of gastroduodenostomy with jejunal interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This procedure involves revising a gastroduodenostomy with jejunal interposition; KBF.ML.AA is the best available ICHI approximation but does not capture the jejunal interposition or revision context." }] }, { "code" : "12291004", "display" : "Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with bowel resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis combined with bowel resection; KBF.ML.AA best represents the dominant reconstructive component but omits the bowel resection and revision context." }] }, { "code" : "55718003", "display" : "Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with partial gastrectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial gastrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifically names partial gastrectomy as the defining component alongside the anastomotic revision, making KBF.JJ.AA the most clinically specific match; broader because it does not capture the anastomotic revision or jejunal connection." }] }, { "code" : "443024008", "display" : "Revision of gastrojejunal anastomosis with reconstruction with vagotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for revision of a gastrojejunal anastomosis with vagotomy; KBF.ML.AA captures the principal reconstructive procedure but omits the vagotomy component and revision context." }] }, { "code" : "59184005", "display" : "Revision of Holter valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of ventricular device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A Holter valve is a specific type of ventricular shunt valve, so revision of it is a form of ventricular device replacement; the ICHI code does not specify the Holter valve type or distinguish revision from full replacement." }] }, { "code" : "428622003", "display" : "Revision of hybrid total prosthetic replacement of hip joint using cemented femoral component", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA covers replacement/revision of hip joint implants and is the best available ICHI code, but it does not capture the specificity of a hybrid prosthesis with a cemented femoral component." }] }, { "code" : "30444008", "display" : "Revision of implantable venous access port", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code covering management of implanted vascular devices such as a venous access port, but it is broader, encompassing all vascular device management." }] }, { "code" : "609144001", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of bone of posterior ring of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"revision of internal fixation\" code nor distinguish the posterior pelvic ring; MKB.LD.AA is the closest procedural category but covers the whole pelvis and does not encode revision." }] }, { "code" : "609145000", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of iliac spine of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The iliac spine is a specific anatomical landmark of the pelvic bone; ICHI collapses all pelvic bone fixation interventions under MKB.LD.AA without distinguishing individual sub-structures or encoding revision." }] }, { "code" : "709189001", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of talus bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The talus is a tarsal bone of the foot; ICHI groups all foot and toe bone reductions under MOB.LD.AA, which does not specify the talus individually nor capture the revision aspect." }] }, { "code" : "609141009", "display" : "Revision of internal fixation of wall of acetabulum", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acetabular wall is a bony structure of the pelvic region; ICHI maps pelvic bone interventions to MKB.LD.AA regardless of pelvic sub-structure, and does not encode the revision character." }] }, { "code" : "735262008", "display" : "Revision of left total prosthetic knee arthroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA covers the concept of replacing/revising an existing knee implant and is the best available ICHI code; broader because it does not specify total prosthesis or laterality (left)." }] }, { "code" : "2455009", "display" : "Revision of lumbosubarachnoid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for revision of a lumbosubarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE is the best available code as it covers interventions managing an existing internal device within the spinal canal." }] }, { "code" : "24429008", "display" : "Revision of nephrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AA", "display" : "Nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's Nephrostomy code encompasses creation of a nephrostomy but does not differentiate revision from initial creation; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "609203005", "display" : "Revision of neuroplasty of major peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Repair of peripheral nerve best captures the surgical correction that neuroplasty revision entails, but the ICHI code is broader — it covers all peripheral nerve repair without distinguishing revision procedures or restricting to major nerves." }] }, { "code" : "705042005", "display" : "Revision of percutaneous endoscopic excision of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AB", "display" : "Endoscopic thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"revision\" variant for endoscopic thoracic discectomy; MBH.JJ.AB encodes the base procedure (endoscopic thoracic discectomy) without capturing the re-operative/revision context, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429183002", "display" : "Revision of percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.GA.AE correctly captures the lumbar site and the percutaneous destruction approach, which encompasses thermocoagulation via radiofrequency probe. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the specific thermocoagulation/radiofrequency technique, nor does it encode the \"revision\" (redo) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "174961003", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of aortic valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of aortic valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDE.MK.AA covers surgical repair of the aortic valve, which is the correct target and action for a valvuloplasty. ICHI does not distinguish a revision (redo) of a prior repair from a primary repair, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174960002", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of mitral valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.MK.AA covers surgical repair of the mitral valve and subvalvar apparatus, matching the target and action of the SNOMED concept. As with the aortic valve, ICHI does not encode the revision/redo distinction, making this code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174963000", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of pulmonary valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of pulmonary valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDG.MK.AA correctly identifies the pulmonary valve target and repair action, aligning with the valvuloplasty described. ICHI does not differentiate a revision of a prior repair from a primary repair, so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174962005", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of tricuspid valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no distinct \"revision\" action code; HDH.MK.AA covers repair (including plastic/reconstructive repair) of the tricuspid valve, making it the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses both initial repairs and revisions without distinguishing between them." }] }, { "code" : "429359000", "display" : "Revision of plastic repair of truncal valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDI.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of truncal valve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish revision procedures from primary repairs; HDI.MK.AA is the only repair-level code for the truncal valve and subsumes revision of a prior plastic repair. The ICHI code is wider as it applies to any repair, not specifically a re-do procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178593008", "display" : "Revision of posterior decompression of cervical spinal cord", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a cervical-specific spinal canal decompression code nor a revision subtype; ABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal) is the best functional match for posterior decompression of the cervical cord, but it covers all spinal levels and does not encode the revision context or the posterior approach." }] }, { "code" : "265713008", "display" : "Revision of posterior decompression of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The same rationale applies as for the cervical concept — ICHI encodes spinal canal release generically without level-specific or revision distinctions. ABG.FC.AA captures the decompression/release intent but is broader in scope than the lumbar-specific, posterior, revision procedure described." }] }, { "code" : "60749009", "display" : "Revision of previous repair of cranial nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no revision-of-repair action code for cranial nerves; AAN.MK.AA is the closest match covering cranial nerve repair broadly. It is wider because it applies to any cranial nerve repair, not specifically a revision of a previously performed repair." }] }, { "code" : "66021000", "display" : "Revision of previous repair of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has \"Repair of peripheral nerve\" but does not distinguish a re-do/revision repair from a primary repair, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a revision of a prior repair. This is the closest available match within the peripheral nervous system interventions block; no ICHI code encodes the re-do character of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "609174009", "display" : "Revision of prosthetic replacement of head of radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of elbow joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the radial head; the head of radius is anatomically part of the elbow joint complex, so the elbow joint device replacement code is the closest available match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers the entire elbow joint rather than being specific to the radial head component." }] }, { "code" : "734003004", "display" : "Revision of prosthetic total arthroplasty of right glenohumeral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of shoulder joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers replacement of any shoulder joint device but does not encode laterality (right side) or the fact that this is a total rather than partial arthroplasty revision; these distinctions would require ICHI extension codes (laterality extension) not reflected in the base code, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47490000", "display" : "Revision of pyelostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAB.SN.AD", "display" : "Management of internal device of renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of pyelostomy\" code; NAB.SN.AD covers management (including revision) of devices at the renal pelvis and pyeloureteric junction, which subsumes pyelostomy revision but is broader, encompassing all internal device management at that site." }] }, { "code" : "175732004", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction involving femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of reconstruction\" action; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any lower limb artery (including the femoral artery) without distinguishing primary from redo surgery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both the \"revision\" dimension and the anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "175731006", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction involving iliac artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of reconstruction\" action; IEA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any abdominal or pelvic artery (which includes the iliac arteries) without distinguishing primary from redo procedures, making it wider than the SNOMED concept on both the \"revision\" and anatomical specificity dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "452761000124107", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction of head of left radius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of reconstruction at the radial head specifically; MFB.ML.AA is the only reconstruction-type code under bone of forearm and covers the site, but it is broader — encompassing all forearm bone reconstruction (not just radial head), any approach, and not limited to revision procedures." }] }, { "code" : "175733009", "display" : "Revision of reconstruction of popliteal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of any artery of the lower limb, which encompasses the popliteal artery, but the ICHI code does not distinguish revision of a prior reconstruction from a primary reconstruction, and the popliteal artery is not individually specified (it is subsumed under \"artery of lower limb\")." }] }, { "code" : "609183004", "display" : "Revision of replacement of joint of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "In ICHI, KA (Replacement of internal device) is the standard action axis code encoding prosthesis revision; however, \"joint of lower limb\" spans hip, knee, and ankle, so no single ICHI code covers all lower limb joints — MLJ.KA.AA (hip) is selected as representative but the concept is broader than any one joint-specific ICHI revision code." }] }, { "code" : "609184005", "display" : "Revision of replacement of joint of upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of shoulder joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the lower limb concept, ICHI encodes prosthesis revision via the KA action but only at the level of individual joints (shoulder MDJ.KA.AA, elbow MEJ.KA.AA, wrist MFJ.KA.AA); the SNOMED concept covers all upper limb joints, so the ICHI code is necessarily narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept, making any single joint code a wider-scope mismatch — MDJ.KA.AA is chosen as the most commonly revised upper limb joint arthroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "8136007", "display" : "Revision of scar of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scar revision is a specific repair operation targeting existing scar tissue on the skin, while LZZ.MK.AA covers all repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC without specifying scar as the target structure. No scar-revision-specific code exists in ICHI, and this is the closest action (repair/MK) on the correct target (skin, unspecified body region)." }] }, { "code" : "77055005", "display" : "Revision of scars of face", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA captures repair of skin in the head/neck region, which includes the face, matching the anatomical specificity of this SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any repair of that skin region rather than specifically to scar revision." }] }, { "code" : "442972003", "display" : "Revision of skin pocket for dual chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of the subcutaneous generator pocket; HFC.SN.AA \"Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system\" is the broadest available container for post-implant management interventions on the device system, but it does not specify pocket revision, the dual-chamber configuration, or the cardioverter-defibrillator subtype." }] }, { "code" : "443012001", "display" : "Revision of skin pocket for single chamber pacing cardioverter defibrillator", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 442972003 — ICHI lacks a skin-pocket-revision code and does not distinguish single from dual chamber devices; HFC.SN.AA is the best available match for any post-implant management of a pacemaker or defibrillator system." }] }, { "code" : "42621009", "display" : "Revision of spinal subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device of spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.SN.AE covers management (including revision) of an internal device within the spinal canal, which encompasses the spinal end of a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the peritoneal destination of the shunt, the subarachnoid origin, or that the intervention is a revision specifically." }] }, { "code" : "58490006", "display" : "Revision of spinal subarachnoid-ureteral shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.LI.AA", "display" : "Spinal shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.LI.AA (Spinal shunt) is the closest ICHI match, covering shunt procedures on the spinal canal. It is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a subarachnoid-to-ureteral route and a revision (rather than creation) procedure; ICHI has no code specifically for revision of a spinal shunt or for this specific shunt type." }] }, { "code" : "9225000", "display" : "Revision of stapedectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.JJ.AC", "display" : "Stapedectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CBF.JJ.AC is the only stapedectomy code in ICHI and does not distinguish between primary and revision procedures; the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a revision operation, making the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "438217000", "display" : "Revision of subcutaneous port component after open gastric restrictive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.KA.AC", "display" : "Replacement of gastric device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device) is the best available ICHI code for revision/replacement of a gastric access port component, but it is broader — it does not specify the subcutaneous port component, the prior open approach, or the context of a gastric restrictive (bariatric) procedure." }] }, { "code" : "16117008", "display" : "Revision of total knee arthroplasty, all components", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA captures revision/replacement of a knee joint device (i.e., the prosthesis), which aligns with a revision knee arthroplasty. However, it does not specify \"total\" replacement or the \"all components\" detail, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438790001", "display" : "Revision of total lumbar disc arthroplasty using anterior approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of lumbar artificial spinal disc prosthesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.KA.AA directly represents revision/replacement of a lumbar artificial spinal disc prosthesis, matching the core procedure. However, the ICHI code does not capture the anterior approach specificity nor the \"total\" qualifier, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1230060009", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of hip joint using liner exchange", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA represents replacement of a hip joint device, which covers revision hip arthroplasty in general. The SNOMED concept specifies the technique of liner exchange, a level of detail not captured in ICHI, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1230047003", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of hip joint using metal augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA covers revision/replacement of a hip joint device but does not distinguish the specific technique of metal augmentation used in this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI mapping broader." }] }, { "code" : "1230209004", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of hip joint with allograft of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.KA.AA represents replacement of a hip joint device and covers the revision procedure, but lacks the specificity of bone allograft use that characterises this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1217703006", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint using cone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Replacement of knee joint device\" covers revision knee arthroplasty generically but does not distinguish the cone augment used to manage bone defects; the SNOMED concept is a more specific procedure variant that ICHI subsumes under a single code." }] }, { "code" : "1201752006", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint using modular metal augmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the revision/replacement of the knee joint device but has no axis value or extension that distinguishes the use of modular metal augmentation; all implant-type variants in revision total knee arthroplasty collapse to this single code." }] }, { "code" : "1201749003", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint using rotating hinge prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The rotating hinge prosthesis is a highly constrained implant design used in complex revision cases, but ICHI encodes no distinction between prosthesis constraint levels or design types; the generic knee joint device replacement code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "1220621004", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint using stem", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stem extensions are a component-level detail of revision knee arthroplasty not representable in ICHI's three-axis structure; the broader \"Replacement of knee joint device\" is the most precise available code." }] }, { "code" : "1201751004", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint using valgus-varus constrained prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The valgus-varus constrained prosthesis design indicates a specific level of implant constraint for ligamentous instability, a detail that lies outside ICHI's coding granularity; ICHI subsumes all such revision variants under the single replacement-of-device code for the knee joint." }] }, { "code" : "1197485009", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone allograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA (Replacement of knee joint device) captures the revision/replacement aspect of the procedure but does not encode the specific bone grafting technique (allograft) used alongside the revision. The ICHI code is broader, collapsing all knee joint device replacements regardless of graft type or source." }] }, { "code" : "1197492004", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone autograft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the allograft concept — MMJ.KA.AA covers knee joint device replacement/revision but makes no distinction between autograft, allograft, or impaction grafting technique, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1197495002", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint with impaction bone grafting", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA encompasses all revisions of a knee joint prosthesis device regardless of whether impaction bone grafting is used, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a particular grafting technique." }] }, { "code" : "1201748006", "display" : "Revision of total replacement of knee joint with isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of knee joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.KA.AA covers replacement of any knee joint device component, but does not capture the specific clinical detail of an isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange (a partial component exchange rather than a full revision), making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1344699009", "display" : "Revision of trabeculectomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculectomy is a filtration surgery that creates a drainage pathway from the anterior chamber; BBE.JB.AA (Drainage of anterior chamber of eye) is the closest ICHI match covering this functional category, but it does not encode either the specific surgical technique (trabeculectomy with scleral flap), the revision nature of the procedure, or the laterality (left eye)." }] }, { "code" : "705043000", "display" : "Revision of transforaminal interbody fusion of joint of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides a general \"Fusion of lumbar spine\" code without distinguishing transforaminal interbody approach or the revision (redo) context; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both surgical approach (transforaminal interbody) and in being a revision of a prior fusion, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "174803001", "display" : "Revision of transplantation of heart and lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart-lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a dedicated \"Heart-lung transplantation\" code that matches the organ combination exactly, but it does not distinguish a revision/redo transplantation from a primary transplantation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "228806004", "display" : "Revision of urethrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"revision of urethrostomy\" code; reconstruction of the urethra (NAM.ML.AA) is the closest functional equivalent, but it is broader — it covers urethral reconstruction in general, not specifically the revision of an existing urethrostomy stoma." }] }, { "code" : "2843005", "display" : "Revision of urinary conduit", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated revision-of-conduit code; NAE.LI.AA \"Urinary diversion\" is the most relevant code in the ureter block and covers the creation/management of urinary conduits, but it is broader and does not specifically represent revision of an existing conduit." }] }, { "code" : "80634002", "display" : "Revision of vessel-to-vessel arteriovenous cannula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous interventions (in the context of vascular access shunts), but it is broader — \"management of arteriovenous shunt\" does not specifically denote revision of a vessel-to-vessel AV cannula, and no more precise ICHI code for this procedure exists." }] }, { "code" : "179749003", "display" : "Revision open allograft replacement intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's reconstruction of knee ligaments covers the same anatomical site and operative intent (ligament replacement/reconstruction via graft), but does not distinguish allograft from autograft or xenograft, does not specify \"intra-articular\" (vs extra-articular), and does not encode the \"revision\" character of the procedure; thus the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179773006", "display" : "Revision open autograft replacement intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as 179749003 — ICHI captures open knee ligament reconstruction but does not distinguish graft source (autograft), laterality of ligament (intra-articular), or the fact that this is a revision of a prior procedure; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "179751004", "display" : "Revision open xenograft replacement intra-articular ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as 179749003 and 179773006 — ICHI's knee ligament reconstruction code covers the operative procedure but does not differentiate xenograft source, intra-articular specificity, or revision status; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "265718004", "display" : "Revision posterior fusion of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of lumbar spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.LE.AA covers fusion of the lumbar spine without specifying the posterior approach or the revision (redo) context. ICHI encodes \"Revision\" only as an extension code (XG3J07), and no posterior-approach-specific lumbar fusion code exists, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172796005", "display" : "Revision septoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Septoplasty", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAB.ML.AC maps directly to the septoplasty procedure on the nasal septum, but does not encode the revision (redo) context; in ICHI, revision is only expressible as the extension code XG3J07, which is not part of the base assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "179139006", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of femur (proximal femur is a sub-site of femur) but does not encode the external fixation component, the \"proximal\" anatomical specificity, or the \"revision\" nature of the procedure; ICHI is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179107004", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and intramedullary device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH encodes the closed reduction of the femur but omits the internal fixation device details (screw/nail with intramedullary implant), the proximal sub-site specificity, and the revision context; ICHI is broader than this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179108009", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail and plate device", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH encodes the closed reduction of the femur but does not capture the internal fixation with a plate device, the proximal sub-site, or the revision character of the procedure; ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179106008", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with screw/nail device alone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.LD.AH captures the closed reduction of femur but lacks encoding of the internal screw/nail fixation device, the proximal anatomical sub-site, and the revision qualifier; ICHI is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179665006", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers only the closed reduction of a joint (without specifying that it is a revision/re-do) and does not encode the functional bracing component applied post-reduction; the code is therefore broader in some respects and incomplete relative to the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179667003", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the closed joint reduction at an unspecified site but does not capture the skeletal traction component (the only ICHI traction code, MBZ.LC.AE, is specific to the spine) nor the revision/re-do nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179125006", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture and internal fixation with screw(s)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site but does not represent the internal fixation with screws (a separate ICHI concept, MRB.DN.AA) nor the revision context, so the single best code covers only part of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179128008", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture and intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes only the closed bone reduction component; intramedullary nail fixation is represented in ICHI as a device-type extension concept without a standalone combination code, and the revision aspect is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "179112003", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture and wire fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the closed reduction of a bone at an unspecified site but omits the wire fixation component and the revision character of the procedure, making the ICHI code broader and less specific than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179681001", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the closed reduction of an (unspecified) joint but omits the \"revision to\" qualifier, the fracture component of a fracture-dislocation, and the concurrent functional bracing stabilisation; the ICHI code is thus broader in that it covers any closed joint reduction regardless of context or associated stabilisation." }] }, { "code" : "179682008", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction of fracture dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with 179681001, the closest ICHI code represents the generic closed joint reduction without encoding the revision intent, the fracture element of the fracture-dislocation, or the skin traction as the associated stabilisation method." }] }, { "code" : "178709002", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and bedrest stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This code correctly targets the vertebral column and encodes closed reduction, matching the core procedural action, but it does not capture the \"revision to\" (corrective redo) qualifier or the bedrest as the stabilisation modality paired with the reduction." }] }, { "code" : "178711006", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and cast stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The code encodes closed spinal reduction at the correct anatomical target but is broader than the SNOMED concept, omitting both the revision qualifier and the cast as the specific stabilisation technique applied after reduction." }] }, { "code" : "178712004", "display" : "Revision to closed reduction spinal fracture and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as 178711006 — the spinal closed reduction is captured, but the revision nature of the procedure and the external fixation as stabilisation method have no representation in this ICHI code, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179064006", "display" : "Revision to open reduction and external fixation of proximal femoral fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Open reduction of femur\" (MLB.LD.AA) covers the open reduction component but does not capture the external fixation, the proximal (femoral neck/intertrochanteric) specificity, or the revision nature of the procedure. ICHI has no revision modifier and no combined open-reduction-plus-external-fixation code for the femur." }] }, { "code" : "179677001", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a revision open reduction of a joint dislocation combined with external fixation; given the pairing with proximal femoral/hip concepts in this concept group, MLJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of hip joint) is the closest available ICHI code but omits the external fixation component, the dislocation specificity, and the revision nature entirely." }] }, { "code" : "179675009", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and skeletal traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LD.AA captures only the open reduction of the hip joint and does not encode the skeletal traction adjunct, the dislocation specificity, or the revision context; ICHI has no lower-limb skeletal traction category (only MBZ.LC.AE exists for the spine)." }] }, { "code" : "179674008", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of dislocation and skin traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the skeletal traction variant, ICHI provides no skin traction code for the lower limb and no combined open-reduction-plus-traction category; MLJ.LD.AA represents only the open reduction component of a broader combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "179070000", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no concept for functional bracing or cast-bracing as a post-reduction adjunct, and no revision modifier exists; MLB.LD.AA covers the open reduction of the femoral fracture component only, making the mapping substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179076006", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and locked reamed intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the open reduction of a bone without specifying site, and does not distinguish revision from primary procedure, nor does it encode the fixation device type (locked, reamed, intramedullary nail) at the category level — the \"Intramedullary nail\" means qualifier exists only as an extension code and would need appending. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179077002", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and locked unreamed intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with 179076006, ICHI's open reduction code for unspecified bone site does not capture the revision context, nor the specific intramedullary nail type (locked unreamed); the nail detail can only be expressed as an extension code, making the ICHI category code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179078007", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and unlocked reamed intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning as the preceding two concepts — ICHI has no category-level distinction for unlocked versus locked nailing or reamed versus unreamed, and does not encode the revision character of the procedure; the open reduction of unspecified bone is the closest available ICHI category but remains broader." }] }, { "code" : "179079004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture and unlocked unreamed intramedullary nail fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the preceding intramedullary nail concepts — ICHI does not encode nail type (unlocked unreamed) or the revision context at the category level, and the unspecified-site open reduction code is the best available match but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179688007", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and cast immobilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's open reduction of unspecified bone is the best single-code match for the primary surgical act (open reduction of fracture dislocation), but it does not encode the revision context, the dislocation component, or the adjunct cast immobilization (which would require a separate code PZX.LC.AH); the ICHI code is therefore broader than the composite SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179692000", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and external fixation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA captures open reduction of a joint but does not encode the revision nature of the procedure, the fracture-dislocation pathology, the external fixation device, or a specific body site. ICHI has no dedicated revision-of-open-reduction code with fixation method detail, making the match wider (the ICHI code subsumes but is broader than this SNOMED concept)." }] }, { "code" : "179695003", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with plate(s)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint but omits the revision qualifier, the fracture-dislocation context, and the plate fixation detail; ICHI does have a \"Plate and/or screw\" extension code but no standalone category for open reduction with plate fixation as a revision, so the core code remains wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179694004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with screw(s)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as plate fixation above — MRJ.LD.AA represents open reduction of a joint at unspecified site and does not distinguish revision procedures, fracture-dislocation pathology, or the screw fixation technique, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179691007", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and fixation with wire(s)", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRJ.LD.AA represents the open reduction component but is broader than this concept as it does not capture the revision nature, the fracture-dislocation indication, or the wire fixation method; no more specific ICHI category for wire fixation in a joint reduction revision context exists." }] }, { "code" : "179689004", "display" : "Revision to open reduction of fracture dislocation and functional bracing", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Functional bracing is a form of external immobilisation applied to a joint, making MRJ.LC.AH the closest ICHI code; however, it does not capture the preceding open reduction, the revision nature, or the fracture-dislocation context, so the match is wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179328002", "display" : "Revision uncemented hemiarthroplasty of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of hip joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Replacement of hip joint device\" covers revision procedures (device replacement) at the hip joint but does not distinguish hemiarthroplasty (partial, femoral head only) from total joint replacement, nor does it capture the uncemented fixation technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179430001", "display" : "Revision uncemented hemiarthroplasty of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.KA.AA", "display" : "Replacement of shoulder joint device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Replacement of shoulder joint device\" captures device replacement (revision) at the shoulder joint but does not differentiate hemiarthroplasty from total shoulder replacement, nor the uncemented fixation method, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178637004", "display" : "Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior instrumentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AA captures the lumbar disc excision component but does not distinguish the anterior approach, the concurrent posterior instrumentation, or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this compound, approach-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "707839004", "display" : "Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBV.JJ.AA matches the unspecified-site disc excision, but the ICHI code implies open approach and does not capture the automated percutaneous mechanical technique (e.g. APLD/Nucleotome) or the revisional context; no ICHI code for percutaneous excision at an unspecified disc site exists." }] }, { "code" : "707841003", "display" : "Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of lumbar intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AE correctly identifies lumbar site and percutaneous approach, giving the closest available match; however, it does not distinguish the automated mechanical technique (as opposed to manual percutaneous) or the revisional (redo) character of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "707840002", "display" : "Revisional automated percutaneous mechanical excision of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBH.JJ.AA correctly identifies the thoracic intervertebral disc as the target and discectomy as the action, but assumes an open approach; ICHI has no percutaneous thoracic discectomy code, and neither the automated mechanical technique nor the revisional nature is represented." }] }, { "code" : "178570002", "display" : "Revisional costotransversectomy of thoracic intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Costotransversectomy is a specific posterolateral open approach to excise a thoracic disc by removing part of the rib head and transverse process; MBH.JJ.AA captures the thoracic disc excision target and action but does not encode the costotransversectomy approach or the revisional nature of the surgery." }] }, { "code" : "178633000", "display" : "Revisional fenestration excision of lumbar intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbar discectomy covers the disc removal that is the goal of this procedure, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the fenestration approach (creating a small laminar window for access) or the revisional (re-operative) nature of the intervention, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "428924004", "display" : "Revisional foraminoplasty of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Foraminoplasty (enlargement of the intervertebral foramen) is performed specifically to decompress the spinal nerve root, making ABN.FC.AA the closest functional equivalent; however, the ICHI code does not capture the bony/foramen-widening nature of the procedure, the unspecified spinal level, or the revisional context." }] }, { "code" : "178536003", "display" : "Revisional foraminotomy of cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cervical foraminotomy decompresses the nerve root at the cervical intervertebral foramen; ABN.FC.AA captures the decompressive intent but is not specific to the cervical level, the bony foramen-widening technique, or the revisional (re-operative) status." }] }, { "code" : "178615006", "display" : "Revisional foraminotomy of lumbar spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of spinal nerve root", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Lumbar foraminotomy enlarges the lumbar intervertebral foramen to relieve nerve root compression; ABN.FC.AA represents the release/decompression of the spinal nerve root but lacks specificity for the lumbar level, the osseous foramen technique, and the revisional nature." }] }, { "code" : "178632005", "display" : "Revisional laminectomy excision of lumbar intervertebral disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The primary objective of this procedure is lumbar disc excision, which MBN.JJ.AA directly represents; the laminectomy approach component and the revisional (re-operative) qualifier are not encoded in ICHI, making the code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178638009", "display" : "Revisional lumbar microdiscectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AA covers lumbar discectomy in general; the SNOMED concept is a specific microsurgical technique performed as a revision procedure, making the ICHI code broader (it does not encode the microscopic approach nor the revisional nature)." }] }, { "code" : "178571003", "display" : "Revisional posterior decompression of thoracic disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Thoracic discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Posterior decompression of a thoracic disc is essentially a thoracic discectomy or partial disc excision to relieve neural compression; MBH.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the revisional context or distinguish decompression as the operative intent rather than full disc removal." }] }, { "code" : "178639001", "display" : "Revisional posterior excision of lumbar disc", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Lumbar discectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBN.JJ.AA directly represents lumbar disc excision (discectomy) and is the best semantic fit; the ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the posterior approach or the revisional (redo) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "178573000", "display" : "Revisional posterior fusion of joint of thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.LE.AA", "display" : "Fusion of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.LE.AA captures thoracic spinal fusion, which is the core procedure, but is broader because it does not specify the posterior approach, the fact that the target is specifically the intervertebral/facet joint, or the revisional (redo) nature of the surgery." }] }, { "code" : "440069001", "display" : "Rhinophototherapy using ultraviolet and visible light", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.SC.AH", "display" : "Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rhinophototherapy is intranasal phototherapy applied to nasal mucosa for rhinitis, but ICHI has no specific nasal phototherapy code; LAA.SC.AH is the anatomically closest code in the phototherapy family, though it is broader — covering any head/neck skin phototherapy rather than specifically intranasal mucosal application with UV and visible light." }] }, { "code" : "11759002", "display" : "Rhinoplasty augmentation with synthetic implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for nasal augmentation rhinoplasty with synthetic implant; JAA.ML.AA (reconstruction of nose, open approach) is the closest available code under \"Interventions on nose,\" but it encompasses all forms of nasal reconstruction rather than specifically implant-based augmentation rhinoplasty." }] }, { "code" : "49319008", "display" : "Rhytidectomy of neck with platysmal tightening", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Rhytidectomy of the neck with platysmal tightening involves excision of redundant skin and tightening of the platysma muscle; LAA.LL.AA covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck but does not encode the specific platysmal muscle component, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "14731004", "display" : "Rhytidectomy of subcutaneous and musculoaponeurotic system", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMAS rhytidectomy specifically addresses the deeper musculoaponeurotic layer of the face/neck, a distinction not encoded in ICHI; LAA.LL.AA is the best available code for reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck but misses the SMAS-specific anatomy, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "122080003", "display" : "Rickettsia species detection", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6201", "display" : "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no Rickettsia-specific laboratory test; XG6201 (genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi) covers the general class of procedure — microbial identification — that encompasses Rickettsia species detection, but is considerably broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "401223004", "display" : "Right dorsalis pedis ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABPI is a specific haemodynamic ratio comparing ankle to brachial systolic pressure, lateralised here to the right dorsalis pedis artery; ICHI has no dedicated ABPI code, and ITA.AB.AH (measurement of blood pressure) captures the core action but is far broader, encompassing any blood pressure measurement without site or laterality specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1303664000", "display" : "Right hip joint denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hip joint denervation involves destroying the articular nerve branches supplying the hip joint; ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the procedurally closest match as it encodes the same action-means axis (nerve destruction), but it does not specify the hip joint target or right-sided laterality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1052228009", "display" : "Right inguinal herniotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of inguinal hernia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of inguinal hernia\" covers the procedure generically without specifying laterality (right side) or technique (herniotomy specifically implies simple division and closure of the hernial sac without mesh), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept on both dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "401225006", "display" : "Right posterior tibial ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index)", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Measurement of blood pressure\" is the closest available code, but it is much broader — the SNOMED concept specifies a ratio measurement (ankle vs. brachial pressure) at a specific anatomical location (right posterior tibial artery) used to assess peripheral arterial disease, none of which is captured in the ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "1303666003", "display" : "Right wrist joint region denervation", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wrist denervation involves surgical destruction of the peripheral nerves supplying the wrist joint, which maps best to \"Destruction of peripheral nerve\"; however, the ICHI code does not capture the anatomical specificity (wrist region) or the laterality (right), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173111001", "display" : "Rigid bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion below trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The bronchus is the primary structure immediately below the trachea and is the best anatomical fit; however, the ICHI code does not capture the rigid bronchoscope approach or the laser means, and \"endoscopic\" is broader than \"rigid bronchoscopic,\" making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173084001", "display" : "Rigid bronchoscopic laser destruction of lesion of trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The target (trachea) and action (destruction of lesion) are correctly captured, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the rigid bronchoscope instrument or the laser means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the approach and the energy modality used." }] }, { "code" : "236230007", "display" : "Rigid cystoscopy and cystodiathermy of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AD covers transurethral (endoscopic) destruction of a bladder lesion by any means, which encompasses cystodiathermy (electrosurgical destruction); the ICHI code does not specify the instrument (diathermy/electrocautery) or the rigid scope modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "300962006", "display" : "Rigid cystoscopy and laser destruction of lesion of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.GA.AD captures transurethral endoscopic destruction of a bladder lesion regardless of the energy source; the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means and rigid cystoscopy as the approach, detail that the ICHI code does not encode at the base code level, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "173659000", "display" : "Rigid esophagoscopy and cauterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of oesophageal lesions or tissue by any method, which subsumes cauterization performed via rigid esophagoscopy; the ICHI code does not distinguish rigid from flexible scopes nor specify cauterization as the destruction means, so it is broader." }] }, { "code" : "698745000", "display" : "Risk assessment for patient transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for pre-transport risk assessment; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the broadest applicable code, but it covers all-purpose health appraisal rather than the specific clinical risk evaluation conducted before patient transport." }] }, { "code" : "406549009", "display" : "Risk behavior assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VFZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of other specified health-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes behaviour assessments only within named domains (alcohol, tobacco, self-harm, road safety, etc.); VFZ.AA.ZZ is the residual category for assessment of other/unspecified health-related behaviours, making it broader than the SNOMED concept but the nearest available aggregate code." }] }, { "code" : "176561009", "display" : "Ritual circumcision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated circumcision or prepuce excision code; the closest anatomical match is partial excision of the penis (NGM.JJ.AA), which is broader in scope as it covers any partial penile excision and does not capture the ritual/cultural context or the specificity of prepuce removal." }] }, { "code" : "83706000", "display" : "Robert Jones bandaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to the knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Robert Jones bandage is a specific heavily-padded compressive immobilisation technique applied to the knee, but ICHI codes this generically as application of any external immobilisation device to the knee; the ICHI code is wider because it does not differentiate the specific bandaging technique." }] }, { "code" : "1137362006", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploration of common bile duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept encompasses two combined procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus exploration of the common bile duct) performed with robotic assistance, whereas the best single ICHI code covers only the laparoscopic cholecystectomy component; a more complete representation would require combining KCF.JK.AB with KCM.AE.AB and the extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), but no single ICHI code captures the full SNOMED concept, making KCF.JK.AB the primary — and wider — match." }] }, { "code" : "1137372009", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCF.JJ.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCF.JJ.AB covers laparoscopic partial cholecystectomy but does not encode the robotic assistance modality; robotic assistance can be appended as the extension code XG5Z48, but the base code alone is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically robot-assisted." }] }, { "code" : "708878003", "display" : "Robot assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JL.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic radical abdominal hysterectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JL.AB matches on laparoscopic radical hysterectomy but does not encode the robotic assistance; the ICHI extension XG5Z48 (\"With robotic assistance\") can be appended, but the base code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies robot-assisted technique." }] }, { "code" : "836436008", "display" : "Robotic assisted bilateral simple mastectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JK.AA (Total mastectomy) is the closest available code but is broader in two ways — it does not specify bilateral extent (which would require a laterality extension) nor robotic assistance (XG5Z48 extension); ICHI has no dedicated bilateral simple mastectomy code." }] }, { "code" : "406919003", "display" : "Romanowsky stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not classify individual staining techniques (Romanowsky, Giemsa, Wright, etc.) as distinct codes; XG06E8 (Peripheral blood film examination) is the closest assignable code since Romanowsky staining is the standard method used for peripheral blood film examination, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses the whole examination rather than the staining technique alone." }] }, { "code" : "373620007", "display" : "Romberg test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of proprioception", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Romberg test is a standardised clinical test of proprioceptive function (assessing whether the patient can maintain balance with eyes closed and feet together), which maps well to AVC.AC.ZZ; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any test of proprioception rather than the specific Romberg manoeuvre." }] }, { "code" : "263860006", "display" : "Roof top incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FA.AA", "display" : "Laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A roof top (bilateral subcostal / chevron) incision is a specific surgical approach to open the abdomen, making PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy — open incision of the abdomen) the best available match; ICHI does not distinguish individual laparotomy incision types (midline, subcostal, chevron), so the code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "178932007", "display" : "Rotational osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No site-specific rotational osteotomy code exists in ICHI, and ICHI does not distinguish rotational from other osteotomy subtypes. MRB.FA.AA captures the procedure type (osteotomy) at an unspecified body site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a specific rotational technique at a particular bone." }] }, { "code" : "178151000", "display" : "Sacrifice of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JJ.AA", "display" : "Tenonectomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenonectomy (excision of a tendon) corresponds directly to the concept of sacrificing a tendon surgically, and the unspecified-site code matches since the SNOMED concept is not anatomically specific. The ICHI code is slightly wider in that \"tenonectomy\" can include partial excision, whereas \"sacrifice\" implies the full tendon is removed as non-repairable." }] }, { "code" : "67721000", "display" : "Sacroiliac arthrodesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LE.AA", "display" : "Arthrodesis of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific arthrodesis codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and foot, but no code specifically for the sacroiliac joint; the pelvic joint block (MKJ) also lacks an arthrodesis code. MRJ.LE.AA correctly encodes the action (arthrodesis) but loses the sacroiliac specificity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425599008", "display" : "Safe disposal of sharp device education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a specific educational intervention about safe disposal of sharp devices (a patient/carer safety behaviour), which fits squarely within ICHI's safety-related behaviours education axis. No ICHI code exists for sharps disposal specifically, so the unspecified safety-behaviours education code (VC1.PM.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is broader — covering all unspecified safety-related behaviours rather than sharps disposal alone." }] }, { "code" : "710977001", "display" : "Safe storage and management of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a practical intervention focused on the safe storage and handling of medications — most closely aligned with ICHI's \"Practical support with medications\" (UAC.RB.ZZ) under the medicaments block. UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is also present but the SNOMED concept is operational/management-oriented rather than purely educational; UAC.RB.ZZ is wider because it encompasses all practical medication support, not just safe storage and management." }] }, { "code" : "311678008", "display" : "Safe swallow technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTC.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training about swallowing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Teaching a patient a specific safe swallow technique is best captured by ICHI's \"Training about swallowing\" (KTC.PH.ZZ), which sits within the dedicated \"Interventions on swallowing\" block (BlockL5-KTC). This is wider because KTC.PH.ZZ covers swallowing training generally, while the SNOMED concept refers specifically to instruction in a compensatory/safe swallowing technique (a dysphagia rehabilitation method)." }] }, { "code" : "385870001", "display" : "Safety precautions education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Safety precautions education\" is a generic patient education intervention targeting safety behaviours, which maps directly to ICHI's education axis within the safety-related behaviours block (VC1.PM.ZZ). The ICHI code is wider because it covers all unspecified safety-related behaviours rather than the specific safety precautions context implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385871002", "display" : "Safety precautions management", "target" : [{ "code" : "VC1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training to influence safety-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Safety precautions management\" implies active instruction and skill-building in safety practices (beyond mere information-giving), which aligns better with the training/skill-building action axis (PH) than education (PM) within the safety-related behaviours block. The ICHI code is wider as it covers unspecified safety-related training broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept implies a coordinated management plan around safety precautions." }] }, { "code" : "391110004", "display" : "Salbutamol reversibility", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Salbutamol reversibility testing is a specific bronchodilator challenge within pulmonary function testing (spirometry before and after salbutamol), which falls squarely within \"Test of respiration function\" (JTB.AC.ZZ). The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any respiratory function test, not specifically post-bronchodilator reversibility measurement." }] }, { "code" : "252214005", "display" : "Saline suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The saline suppression test is a dynamic endocrine function assessment performed to confirm primary aldosteronism (excess aldosterone from adrenal glands), making \"Assessment of endocrine gland functions\" the closest available ICHI code. The ICHI code is substantially broader, covering all endocrine gland function assessments rather than this specific mineralocorticoid suppression protocol." }] }, { "code" : "265338000", "display" : "Salivary apparatus operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Salivary apparatus operation\" is a generic/unspecified surgical concept covering any operation on the salivary glands or ducts, which aligns best with the ICHI block \"Interventions on salivary gland\" (BlockL5-KAM). A block code is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a category-level grouper with no single specific procedure implied, and no single assignable ICHI category covers all salivary apparatus operations collectively." }] }, { "code" : "107962005", "display" : "Salivary gland manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-KAM", "display" : "Interventions on salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for manual manipulation (massage/expression) of the salivary gland; the block \"Interventions on salivary gland\" (BlockL5-KAM) is the closest grouping, covering all interventions on this structure, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept. A block code is used as no assignable category matches the meaning of gland manipulation." }] }, { "code" : "171127000", "display" : "Salter operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Salter operation is a specific innominate (pelvic) osteotomy for correcting hip dysplasia; ICHI has \"Osteotomy of pelvis\" (MKB.FA.AA) which covers this procedure but is broader, encompassing all types of pelvic osteotomy without specifying the Salter technique or hip dysplasia indication." }] }, { "code" : "168186002", "display" : "Sample - microbiological exam", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept refers to collecting a sample for microbiological examination from an unspecified site; ICHI's \"Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified\" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the best fit but is broader, covering specimen collection of any type and purpose rather than specifically microbiological samples." }] }, { "code" : "269936001", "display" : "Sample bacteriology general", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to bacteriology specimen collection; \"Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified\" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the closest match but is wider in scope, as it covers all unspecified specimen collection regardless of the microbiological purpose (bacterial culture specifically)." }] }, { "code" : "168214001", "display" : "Sample mycology general", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to mycology (fungal) specimen collection; \"Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified\" (PZX.AH.ZZ) is the best available match, but it is broader, encompassing all unspecified specimen collection without any specificity to fungal/mycological purpose." }] }, { "code" : "446341008", "display" : "Sampling of fetal blood and biopsy of fetus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of fetal structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining fetal blood sampling and fetal tissue biopsy; NMR.AD.AD covers biopsy of fetal structures but does not explicitly capture the blood sampling component, making the ICHI code broader than either individual element and unable to represent the combined procedure fully. No dedicated fetal blood sampling code (cordocentesis/PUBS) exists in ICHI, and NMR.AD.AD is the closest single code to the biopsy portion." }] }, { "code" : "178298000", "display" : "Sampling of para-aortic lymph nodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFF.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Para-aortic (retroperitoneal) lymph nodes are located in the abdominal region, and DFF.AD.AA covers biopsy of abdominal or pelvic region lymph nodes as a group; ICHI has no code specific to para-aortic nodes, so this code is wider in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "235292006", "display" : "Santulli enterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LB.AA", "display" : "Anastomosis of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Santulli enterostomy is a specific side-to-end small bowel anastomosis with a proximal stoma, a technique not individually represented in ICHI. KBK.LB.AA (anastomosis of small intestine, NEC) is the closest available code, but it is broader as it covers all small intestinal anastomoses regardless of technique." }] }, { "code" : "68413005", "display" : "Saphenopopliteal vein anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated saphenopopliteal anastomosis code; the saphenous and popliteal veins are both veins of the lower limb, so IFD.LI.AA is the most specific available match. It is wider because it covers any lower-limb venous bypass, not specifically a saphenopopliteal anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "1287737006", "display" : "Sarilumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sarilumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist (monoclonal antibody) administered by subcutaneous (percutaneous) injection; ICHI has no drug-specific code for sarilumab or IL-6 inhibitors. DTB.DB.AE captures the route and agent class (immunological agent, percutaneous) and is the best available fit, though it is broader than the specific biologic therapy." }] }, { "code" : "436891000124107", "display" : "Saturated fat modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ captures the act of modifying food/diet as an intervention on food (UAB target), which aligns with the concept of a therapeutically prescribed modified diet; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not distinguish the specific macronutrient component (saturated fat) being restricted, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "315188003", "display" : "Saturation of iron binding capacity", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG5R95", "display" : "Iron studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG5R95 \"Iron studies\" is the closest ICHI match — it is an essential laboratory test extension code covering the panel of iron-related measurements, of which transferrin saturation/TIBC is one component; the ICHI code is wider as it encompasses the full panel rather than this specific calculated parameter." }] }, { "code" : "10281002", "display" : "Scalenectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.JK.AA", "display" : "Excision of muscle of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scalenectomy is the specific excision of a scalene muscle (a neck muscle), which falls squarely within the ICHI category for excision of muscle of head or neck. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any muscle of the head or neck, not only the scalene." }] }, { "code" : "27695006", "display" : "Scarification of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scarification of the conjunctiva involves intentional superficial abrasion or scoring of conjunctival tissue, which most closely aligns with destruction of conjunctival tissue in ICHI; the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all modalities of conjunctival tissue destruction, not just mechanical scarification." }] }, { "code" : "84146007", "display" : "Schilling test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Schilling test measures vitamin B12 absorption via the gastrointestinal tract (specifically ileal absorption mediated by intrinsic factor), making it functionally a test of digestive system function; the ICHI code is considerably broader, covering all unspecified digestive function tests, and no dedicated code for vitamin B12 absorption testing or radiolabelled tracer gastrointestinal tests exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "716035006", "display" : "Scintimammography for malignant neoplasm screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BE captures the nuclear/radionuclide imaging modality applied to the breast, which is exactly what scintimammography (sestamibi/MIBI breast scan) is. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the screening indication (malignant neoplasm) that is intrinsic to the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1746005", "display" : "Scleral buckling with implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.ML.AA", "display" : "Reinforcement of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Scleral buckling with implant is a retinal detachment repair technique in which a silicone band or explant is sutured around the sclera to indent and reinforce it; BCB.ML.AA \"Reinforcement of sclera\" captures this scleral-reinforcement action. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the retinal detachment indication, the implant device detail, or the buckling-specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "788730006", "display" : "Scraping of granulation tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AH", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated \"granulation tissue scraping\" code; debridement (action JG) is the closest functional equivalent to scraping/curetting granulation tissue, and the without-incision means (AH) fits the surface scraping nature of the procedure. The NEC/residual LZZ target is used because granulation tissue is not site-specific in this SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any skin/subcutaneous debridement without incision." }] }, { "code" : "237398006", "display" : "Scraping of nipple", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for nipple scraping or nipple cytology specimen collection; scraping of the nipple is a surface cytology technique (analogous to a smear) to investigate nipple discharge or lesions, and the closest available code is biopsy of breast (LCA.AD.AA), which is broader in target (breast vs. nipple specifically) and implies a more invasive tissue collection technique than surface scraping." }] }, { "code" : "300007000", "display" : "Screening for cardiovascular system disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of the cardiovascular system broadly, which is the closest ICHI equivalent to a cardiovascular disease screening programme; however, the ICHI code is framed around functional testing rather than disease-oriented population screening, making it broader in scope than the specific SNOMED concept of screening for cardiovascular disease." }] }, { "code" : "700230007", "display" : "Screening for child sexual abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups child sexual abuse under family and partner violence behaviours (VBB), and VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment) is the closest available code; however, \"family and partner violence\" is broader than child sexual abuse specifically, and there is no dedicated child sexual abuse or child abuse block in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "866150003", "display" : "Screening for developmental disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETM.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of growth and development", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ETM.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, covering assessment of growth and development under the endocrine/metabolic functions block; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all growth and development assessment rather than screening specifically for developmental disorders, and ICHI has no dedicated developmental disorder screening code." }] }, { "code" : "439320000", "display" : "Screening for drug of abuse in meconium", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAC.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of illicit drug use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAC.AC.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for testing related to illicit drug use; it does not capture the specific specimen type (meconium) or the neonatal/in-utero exposure context of the SNOMED concept, making it broader, and ICHI has no dedicated code for meconium drug testing or neonatal toxicology screening." }] }, { "code" : "710076008", "display" : "Screening for hearing loss", "target" : [{ "code" : "CTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of hearing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of hearing functions broadly, which aligns well with a hearing loss screen, but ICHI does not have a dedicated \"screening\" concept — the action \"AC\" (Test) is the closest functional equivalent, and the code covers all hearing function testing rather than screening specifically for loss." }] }, { "code" : "762445000", "display" : "Screening for hematological disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTA.AC.ZZ targets the haematological system function and uses the \"AC\" (Test) action axis, making it the closest available ICHI concept for haematological disorder screening; however, ICHI frames it as functional testing rather than disorder-oriented screening, making it broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "762446004", "display" : "Screening for immune disorder", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DTB.AC.ZZ maps to testing of immunological system functions, which is the best available ICHI equivalent for immunological disorder screening; the ICHI code is broader as it addresses functional testing in general rather than disorder-specific screening." }] }, { "code" : "1285610002", "display" : "Screening for intimate partner abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBB.AA.ZZ sits within the \"Interventions on family and partner violence behaviours\" block and uses the \"AA\" (Assessment) action axis, making it semantically close to screening for intimate partner abuse; it is wider because it covers the full family and partner violence domain, not solely intimate partner abuse specifically." }] }, { "code" : "300005008", "display" : "Screening for mental disorders", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AS1.AC.ZZ is the broadest mental functions testing code in ICHI, spanning unspecified mental functions, which approximates a general mental disorder screen; it is wider because ICHI does not distinguish disorder-oriented screening from other forms of mental function testing, and \"unspecified\" encompasses the full mental functions domain." }] }, { "code" : "1148754001", "display" : "Screening for neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated neoplasm or cancer screening code — the concept maps most plausibly to the general health assessment category under the \"whole person\" block, which is considerably broader than screening specifically for neoplasms. A narrower or equivalent ICHI code does not exist in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "700227000", "display" : "Screening for non-accidental injury to child", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Non-accidental injury to a child is a form of family violence/maltreatment, and the ICHI VBB block (family and partner violence behaviours) is the most specific available match; however, VBB.AC.ZZ covers all family and partner violence including adult domestic violence, making it broader than the child-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "370853001", "display" : "Screening for physical abuse", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Physical abuse\" encompasses partner, family, and other perpetrators, while VBB.AA.ZZ is scoped specifically to family and partner violence; the closest available ICHI code addresses the overlapping domain of assessing family/partner violence, but no code exists for physical abuse screening as a standalone clinical act, so wider is assigned because the ICHI code also covers non-screening assessments." }] }, { "code" : "300008005", "display" : "Screening for rheumatoid conditions", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for screening of rheumatoid or inflammatory joint conditions; the closest available code covers assessment of the entire musculoskeletal system as a residual category, which is substantially broader than screening for rheumatoid conditions specifically." }] }, { "code" : "392531000119105", "display" : "Screening mammography of left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BA", "display" : "Mammography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BA covers mammography of the breast without specifying laterality or screening intent; the SNOMED concept adds both left-side specificity (which could be captured by a laterality extension code) and the explicit screening context, making the base ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "392521000119107", "display" : "Screening mammography of right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BA", "display" : "Mammography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the left-breast concept, LCA.BA.BA represents mammography without specifying laterality or screening purpose; the ICHI code is broader, and right-side laterality would require an extension code not captured in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "120027005", "display" : "Scrotum destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures destruction of lesion or tissue of scrotum, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not specify the means (AH = \"without incision / not elsewhere classified\"), so it is somewhat broader than a specific destructive technique. The SNOMED concept is also a category-level grouper rather than a single precise procedure, making this the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "711445004", "display" : "Second stage attachment of fixture for nasal prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nasal prosthesis fixture is a craniofacial osseointegrated implant anchored into skull bone; MAA.DN.AA is the closest structural match in ICHI. It is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the nasal prosthesis indication, the staged nature of the procedure, or the specific craniofacial site." }] }, { "code" : "306913003", "display" : "Second stage bone anchored hearing aid procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) fixture is osseointegrated into the temporal/skull bone; MAA.DN.AA is the closest structural match, capturing the implantation of a device into skull. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for BAHA implantation, the staged procedure, or the auditory function purpose, making this mapping broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171856003", "display" : "Secondary neurolysis and transposition of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a combined secondary (revision) neurolysis and transposition of a peripheral nerve; ACA.LJ.AA covers transposition of peripheral nerve and is the dominant surgical component. ICHI is broader because it does not capture the neurolysis element or the secondary/revision nature of the procedure, and no single ICHI code encodes all three aspects together." }] }, { "code" : "179058004", "display" : "Secondary open reduction of fracture of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures open reduction of a bone at an unspecified site, matching the procedure type and approach but not encoding the \"secondary\" (revision/repeat) timing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept; the body site is also unspecified in ICHI rather than fractured bone specifically." }] }, { "code" : "404674004", "display" : "Secondary piggyback lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's lens insertion code covers IOL implantation but does not distinguish a \"piggyback\" technique (supplemental IOL implanted over an existing IOL) nor the \"secondary\" (staged/revision) nature of the procedure, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179654001", "display" : "Secondary reduction of traumatic dislocation of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides open reduction of an unspecified joint, which matches the target (joint, unspecified site) and reduction action, but does not capture the \"traumatic dislocation\" indication, the \"secondary\" timing, or whether the approach is open versus closed." }] }, { "code" : "179760007", "display" : "Secondary repair of ligament", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ligament-at-unspecified-site repair code (the ligament-specific repair codes are all site-specific); the best available is repair of soft tissue at unspecified site, which is broader than ligament and also does not capture the \"secondary\" qualifier." }] }, { "code" : "178179006", "display" : "Secondary repair of tendon using graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ML action axis (reconstruction) covers graft-based tendon repair better than the direct repair code (MK), and the unspecified-site target matches the SNOMED concept's lack of body-site specificity; however, the \"secondary\" timing qualifier and explicit \"using graft\" means are not encoded separately in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "45474001", "display" : "Secondary rhinoplasty, major revision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI JAA.ML.AA covers any reconstruction of the nose without distinguishing primary from secondary surgery or the degree of revision; the SNOMED concept is more specific in denoting a secondary (revision) rhinoplasty with major scope, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "72009003", "display" : "Secondary rhinoplasty, minor revision", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the major-revision counterpart, ICHI JAA.ML.AA is the only nose reconstruction code available and does not capture the secondary/revision nature or the minor extent of the procedure, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252261006", "display" : "Secretin cerulin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The secretin-cerulin test is a specific pancreatic exocrine stimulation test; ICHI has no dedicated code for secretin-based provocation tests and KT2.AC.ZZ is the broadest applicable catch-all test code for digestive system functions, making it considerably broader than this specific diagnostic procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252259002", "display" : "Secretin cholecystokinin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The secretin-cholecystokinin test is a specific pancreatic exocrine and biliary stimulation test; like its cerulin counterpart it has no dedicated ICHI code, and KT2.AC.ZZ is the best available catch-all code for testing digestive system functions, covering a much broader category than this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "429376001", "display" : "Selective denervation of peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures destruction (ablation) of the peripheral nerve, which covers the procedural intent of denervation, but does not encode the \"selective\" qualifier (targeting specific branches while sparing others), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1351658006", "display" : "Selective laser trabeculoplasty of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trabecular meshwork is located in the drainage angle of the anterior chamber, so ICHI's destruction of anterior chamber of eye is the closest structural match; however, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any destruction modality and the entire anterior chamber — and does not capture the laser technique, the trabecular meshwork specificity, or the left-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1351659003", "display" : "Selective laser trabeculoplasty of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the left-eye concept — the trabecular meshwork sits within the anterior chamber angle, making BBE.GA.AH the closest available ICHI code, but it is broader in target (full anterior chamber), modality (any destruction, not specifically laser), and does not encode laterality." }] }, { "code" : "437221000124106", "display" : "Selenium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers modification of food generally (as an environmental/product intervention), which encompasses a selenium-restricted or selenium-enriched diet, but is considerably broader — it applies to any food modification regardless of nutrient or purpose. No ICHI code exists for specific micronutrient-targeted dietary modification." }] }, { "code" : "225425006", "display" : "Self-administration of medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AZ captures the act of administering pharmacotherapy without specifying route, which aligns with medication administration, but ICHI does not differentiate self-administration by the patient from clinician-administered treatment, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "290043008", "display" : "Self-care practice", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SM1.RA.ZZ represents the action of performing self-care tasks, which is the closest match to the SNOMED concept of \"self-care practice\" as an activity carried out by or with a person. ICHI's code is slightly broader because it covers any self-care task performance without the specific \"practice\" (habitual/repeated) nuance of the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "439903005", "display" : "Self-monitoring of alcohol intake", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of alcohol use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAA.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any systematic appraisal of alcohol consumption, which encompasses self-monitoring. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers clinician-led or third-party assessment of alcohol use behaviours as well, whereas the SNOMED term specifically denotes patient-initiated self-monitoring of their own intake." }] }, { "code" : "311615004", "display" : "Semantic enhancement strategies", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Semantic enhancement strategies are a specific aphasia-rehabilitation technique targeting meaning-based language processing; AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of language mental functions broadly, which encompasses but is not limited to this technique. No more specific ICHI code exists for this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "104141003", "display" : "Semi-quantitative measurement of total hemoglobin in blood specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks analyte-specific laboratory measurement codes; DTA.AB.ZZ is the broadest applicable code, covering measurement of haematological system functions, which subsumes hemoglobin measurement but also applies to any other haematological parameter." }] }, { "code" : "30393002", "display" : "Semicircular-subarachnoid shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.LI.AA", "display" : "Endolymphatic shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A semicircular-subarachnoid shunt connects the inner ear (semicircular canal) to the subarachnoid space and is a specific type of inner ear shunting procedure; CCA.LI.AA covers endolymphatic shunting in the inner ear more broadly and is the closest available ICHI code." }] }, { "code" : "120028000", "display" : "Seminal vesicle destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of both the prostate and seminal vesicle jointly, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to a destructive procedure on the seminal vesicle alone; no seminal-vesicle-only destruction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match at a broader scope." }] }, { "code" : "229512008", "display" : "Sensory stimulation using brushing", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUE.SC.ZZ captures sensory stimulation directed at perceptual functions as a rehabilitation intervention, which aligns with the clinical intent of brushing as a sensory stimulation technique; however, it is broader as it does not specify the means (brushing) used to deliver the stimulus." }] }, { "code" : "229514009", "display" : "Sensory stimulation using ice stroking", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AUE.SC.ZZ is the same best-fit code as for brushing — ICHI captures sensory stimulation for perceptual functions generically without distinguishing the specific modality (thermal/ice stroking vs. tactile brushing), making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229513003", "display" : "Sensory stimulation using tapping", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Stimulation of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tapping is a tactile/cutaneous sensory stimulation technique targeting the touch (mechanoreceptor) system. AVD.SC.ZZ — \"Stimulation of touch functions\" — captures the core action and target axis well, but is broader as it does not specify tapping as the means (means axis is ZZ = unspecified)." }] }, { "code" : "229517002", "display" : "Sensory stimulation using vibration", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Stimulation of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vibration applied to the skin and underlying tissues is a tactile/somatosensory stimulation modality; AVD.SC.ZZ covers stimulation of touch functions but does not specify vibration as the means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229516006", "display" : "Sensory stimulation using visual awareness", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUE.SC.ZZ", "display" : "Sensory stimulation for perceptual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Visual awareness techniques are a form of sensory stimulation aimed at perceptual and cognitive rehabilitation; AUE.SC.ZZ explicitly names \"sensory stimulation for perceptual functions\" and sits under the perceptual functions block, making it a close but broader match since it encompasses all sensory modalities used for perceptual stimulation, not only visual." }] }, { "code" : "80314008", "display" : "Sensory testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "AV2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sensory testing\" is a general clinical procedure assessing the integrity of sensory pathways (touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, vibration). AV2.AC.ZZ — \"Test of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified\" — is the broadest residual test code under the sensory functions block, covering multi-modal or unspecified sensory testing and thus being wider than the SNOMED concept which, while also general, maps to an NEC/residual ICHI category that does not enumerate the full scope." }] }, { "code" : "176625008", "display" : "Separation of labial adhesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMI.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of vulva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMI.FC.AA uses the \"release\" (FC) action on the vulva target, which in ICHI corresponds to lysis or separation of adhesions and aligns well with the procedure intent. The ICHI code is slightly wider because it covers any release procedure on the vulva, not exclusively adhesiolysis of the labia." }] }, { "code" : "871498004", "display" : "Sequential anastomosis of free right internal thoracic artery to coronary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.LI.AA", "display" : "Coronary artery bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.LI.AA (Coronary artery bypass) is the correct procedural family but is considerably broader — it does not capture the specific conduit (right internal thoracic artery), the free (non-pedicled) harvesting technique, or the sequential (multi-vessel side-to-side) anastomosis configuration described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "9693008", "display" : "Sequestrectomy of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sequestrectomy is the surgical removal of a sequestrum (fragment of necrotic bone), which is a specific form of debridement. MBZ.JG.AA covers debridement of the spine NEC broadly — it encompasses but is not limited to the specific act of sequestrum removal, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425707001", "display" : "Serial drainage of amniotic fluid", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.JB.ZZ", "display" : "Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMM.JB.ZZ covers drainage of the amniotic sac to reduce fluid volume, which is the correct clinical target and action; however it does not capture the \"serial\" (repeated) nature of the SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader in that the SNOMED concept is a more specific form of this intervention." }] }, { "code" : "390755008", "display" : "Serologic test for Varicella-zoster virus", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the immunological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a serologic test targeting varicella-zoster virus; the closest match is \"Test of functions of the immunological system\" (DTB.AC.ZZ), which covers immunological testing including serology but is far broader, encompassing all immunological function tests regardless of pathogen or method." }] }, { "code" : "275707000", "display" : "Serum blood tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Serum blood tests\" is a broad grouping concept for tests performed on serum; the best available ICHI code is \"Test of functions of the haematological system\" (DTA.AC.ZZ), which covers haematological testing but is still broader than the SNOMED concept since it encompasses all haematological function tests and is not limited to serum-based assays." }] }, { "code" : "866146005", "display" : "Serum metabolic panel", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG9LX4", "display" : "Comprehensive metabolic panel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has both \"Basic metabolic panel\" (XG2VK6) and \"Comprehensive metabolic panel\" (XG9LX4); the SNOMED term \"Serum metabolic panel\" does not specify basic vs. comprehensive, but the comprehensive panel is the broader of the two and better represents an unspecified metabolic panel. XG9LX4 is still somewhat broader than the specific SNOMED concept since the exact scope of \"serum metabolic panel\" is ambiguous." }] }, { "code" : "1254998008", "display" : "Sesame free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a sesame-specific elimination diet; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification, under the \"Interventions on food\" block) is the broadest applicable code that encompasses dietary exclusion interventions, but it covers all types of food modification and is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED concept of a sesame-free diet." }] }, { "code" : "408925007", "display" : "Sexual behavior analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sexual behavior analysis\" maps well to VEF.AC.ZZ (Test of sexual behaviours), which covers formal assessment/testing of sexual behaviour patterns. ICHI's code is slightly broader as \"test\" encompasses various forms of behavioural assessment and analysis under the sexual behaviours domain, making it a wider match relative to the more specific analytical framing of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "63386006", "display" : "Sexual psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUA.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for sexual functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sexual psychotherapy\" is a specific modality addressing sexual dysfunction and is best represented by NUA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for sexual functions), which targets the body function domain of sexual functions. A secondary candidate is VEF.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for sexual behaviours), but sexual psychotherapy in clinical use primarily addresses functional disorders rather than behavioural change, making NUA.PQ.ZZ the better fit; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it does not restrict to any particular psychotherapeutic technique." }] }, { "code" : "386468009", "display" : "Sexuality education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEF.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence sexual behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VEF.PM.ZZ covers education aimed at influencing sexual behaviours broadly, which encompasses sexuality education. However, ICHI's framing is behaviour-change oriented and potentially broader than the informational/educational scope of \"sexuality education\" as a standalone instructional intervention." }] }, { "code" : "416898003", "display" : "Shaken babies syndrome education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shaken baby syndrome education is a specific educational intervention aimed at preventing a form of inflicted infant injury, which falls within the family and partner violence behaviour domain in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all family/partner violence education, not just shaken baby prevention specifically." }] }, { "code" : "252236008", "display" : "Sham feeding test", "target" : [{ "code" : "KTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of ingestion functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sham feeding test assesses the cephalic-phase response and gut secretory activity by having a patient chew and spit food without swallowing, making it a functional test of ingestion. KTB.AC.ZZ (Test of ingestion functions) is the closest available code, though it is broader as it does not specify the sham/esophagostomy variant of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1290175001", "display" : "Shared antenatal care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUE.AI.ZZ", "display" : "Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shared antenatal care involves the monitoring and management of pregnancy by a combination of providers (e.g., GP and obstetrician), which aligns most closely with pregnancy monitoring in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the \"shared/collaborative\" care delivery model that is the defining feature of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "720026005", "display" : "Shared care prescribing of drugs", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Pharmacotherapy prescription", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.TI.ZZ covers pharmacotherapy prescription generally, which encompasses the prescribing act in shared care. However, ICHI does not distinguish the \"shared care\" (multi-provider collaborative) aspect, making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "72342005", "display" : "Shave biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A shave biopsy is a superficial tangential excision of skin tissue, most closely matching percutaneous biopsy of skin (action AD = sample/biopsy, means AE = percutaneous). ICHI does not encode the specific shave technique, and the NEC code is the best available fit, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439534001", "display" : "Shaving of peritoneal dialysis catheter cuff", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.SN.AH", "display" : "Management of internal device of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shaving the cuff of a peritoneal dialysis catheter is a specific maintenance procedure on an implanted device in the peritoneal cavity; the closest ICHI code is management of internal device of peritoneal cavity, which captures the device maintenance concept but is broader as it encompasses any management activity, not specifically cuff shaving." }] }, { "code" : "1255225003", "display" : "Sheep milk free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sheep milk free diet is a specific dietary elimination intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the closest ICHI concept covering intentional changes to food intake, but it is considerably broader and does not specify the exclusion of sheep milk or any allergen avoidance diet." }] }, { "code" : "1255002008", "display" : "Shellfish free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for shellfish-free or allergen-exclusion diets; \"Prescription of food\" (UAB.TI.ZZ) is the closest category under \"Interventions on food,\" as it captures the clinical act of prescribing a specific dietary regimen, but it is broader than the specific shellfish-free restriction encoded in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "35581008", "display" : "Sheltered employment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.RF.ZZ", "display" : "Providing opportunities for engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sheltered employment as a protected/supported work arrangement for people with disabilities; \"Providing opportunities for engaging in work and employment, NEC\" (SU2.RF.ZZ) is the closest match, capturing the facilitation of work participation, but it is broader and not specific to the sheltered/protected employment model." }] }, { "code" : "439822002", "display" : "Shiatsu", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SB.AH", "display" : "Acupressure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Shiatsu is a Japanese manual therapy technique rooted in the same tradition as acupressure — applying finger pressure to specific body points — and ICHI's \"Acupressure, not elsewhere classified\" (PZX.SB.AH) is the closest available code; it is slightly wider because acupressure is a broader category that encompasses shiatsu but also other acupressure modalities." }] }, { "code" : "169629000", "display" : "Short stay delivery booking", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUG.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Birth planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Short stay delivery booking\" is a specific administrative/clinical act of arranging a brief inpatient delivery stay, which most closely maps to ICHI's \"Birth planning\" (NUG.TB.ZZ) under interventions on functions related to childbirth; however, birth planning is a broader concept that encompasses all aspects of planning for delivery, not specifically the short-stay booking arrangement." }] }, { "code" : "304393007", "display" : "Short wave diathermy to face", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.SD.BQ", "display" : "Muscle hyperthermy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Short wave diathermy is a deep-heating (hyperthermy) modality using high-frequency electromagnetic waves; MRM.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy of muscle by heat) is the closest ICHI match but covers muscle at unspecified site, so it does not capture the face specificity." }] }, { "code" : "304396004", "display" : "Short wave diathermy to lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.SD.BQ", "display" : "Muscle hyperthermy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the lower limb specificity." }] }, { "code" : "304394001", "display" : "Short wave diathermy to neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.SD.BQ", "display" : "Muscle hyperthermy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the neck specificity." }] }, { "code" : "304395000", "display" : "Short wave diathermy to trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.SD.BQ", "display" : "Muscle hyperthermy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the trunk specificity." }] }, { "code" : "304392002", "display" : "Short wave diathermy to upper limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.SD.BQ", "display" : "Muscle hyperthermy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRM.SD.BQ is the only valid ICHI code combining hyperthermy action with heat means on musculoskeletal tissue. The ICHI code covers muscle at an unspecified site, so it does not capture the upper limb specificity." }] }, { "code" : "20597007", "display" : "Shortening of bone of tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedures of tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.LL.AA covers tibia and fibula together, while the SNOMED concept is specific to the tibia only; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "62084009", "display" : "Shortening of bone of ulna", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedures on bone of forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.LL.AA covers all bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the ulna; no ulna-specific shortening code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "18242003", "display" : "Shortening of eyelid margin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for eyelid margin shortening (e.g., pentagonal wedge resection); BAA.MK.AA is the closest available code but encompasses all eyelid repair procedures." }] }, { "code" : "448856000", "display" : "Shortening of metatarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.LL.AA", "display" : "Limb shortening procedure of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for metatarsal-specific shortening; MOB.LL.AA covers limb shortening for any bone of the foot or toe, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47470009", "display" : "Shortening of sclera for repair of retinal detachment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of sclera", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BCB.MK.AA covers any repair of the sclera, while the SNOMED concept specifically denotes scleral shortening (a buckling-type procedure) for retinal detachment; the ICHI code is broader, not capturing the technique or indication." }] }, { "code" : "232748001", "display" : "Shortening operation on mitral papillary muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.MK.AA explicitly covers the mitral valve and subvalvar apparatus (which includes papillary muscles) but does not specify the shortening technique or restrict to the papillary muscle alone." }] }, { "code" : "232786005", "display" : "Shortening operation on tricuspid papillary muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a shortening procedure on the tricuspid papillary muscle (a subvalvar structure), while ICHI's code covers repair of the entire tricuspid valve/subvalvar apparatus without specifying the technique or exact subvalvar component." }] }, { "code" : "232896008", "display" : "Shortening plasty to atrioventricular valve chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers shortening plasty to chordae tendineae of any AV valve (mitral and tricuspid); HDH.MK.AA is selected as the best single code but is a wider partial match since neither HDH nor HDF alone captures the full breadth." }] }, { "code" : "232755004", "display" : "Shortening plasty to mitral chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies shortening plasty directed at mitral chordae tendineae; HDF.MK.AA covers mitral valve/subvalvar repair broadly without distinguishing technique or limiting to chordae." }] }, { "code" : "232794003", "display" : "Shortening plasty to tricuspid chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDH.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept identifies shortening plasty targeting the tricuspid chordae tendineae; the ICHI code encompasses repair of the tricuspid valve or subvalvar apparatus broadly, without specifying the technique or chordal subcomponent." }] }, { "code" : "119623002", "display" : "Shoulder incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.FA.AA", "display" : "Arthrotomy of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Shoulder incision\" is a broad grouper encompassing any surgical incision into shoulder structures; MDJ.FA.AA specifically denotes arthrotomy, the most clinically representative match, but covers only the joint compartment." }] }, { "code" : "119633005", "display" : "Shoulder reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Shoulder reconstruction\" implies restoring/rebuilding shoulder structures (potentially bones, tendons, joint), while MDJ.MK.AA covers repair of the shoulder joint specifically; ICHI lacks a dedicated reconstruction code." }] }, { "code" : "232609005", "display" : "Shunt of cerebral ventricle to lumbar site", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.LI.AA covers ventricular shunting in general without specifying the destination site; the SNOMED concept specifies a ventriculo-lumbar destination, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1231312008", "display" : "Sialendoscopic dilation of stenosis of salivary duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of salivary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.LG.AA covers dilation of any salivary duct by any approach without specifying the endoscopic technique or the indication of stenosis." }] }, { "code" : "450494002", "display" : "Sialendoscopic dilation of stenosis of submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of salivary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.LG.AA covers salivary duct dilation generically and does not distinguish the submandibular gland or the endoscopic approach." }] }, { "code" : "450497009", "display" : "Sialendoscopic laser lithotripsy of calculus of parotid gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA correctly targets the parotid gland and calculus removal but does not capture the specific technique (endoscopic laser lithotripsy via sialendoscope)." }] }, { "code" : "450498004", "display" : "Sialendoscopic laser lithotripsy of calculus of submandibular gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AD captures the endoscopic approach and salivary calculus extraction (the closest fit for submandibular which lacks its own dedicated code) but does not specify laser lithotripsy." }] }, { "code" : "450493008", "display" : "Sialendoscopic removal of calculus from submandibular gland using grasping forceps", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AD covers the correct procedure type (endoscopic salivary calculus extraction) but does not specify the submandibular gland or the grasping forceps instrument." }] }, { "code" : "450492003", "display" : "Sialendoscopic removal of calculus from submandibular gland using wire basket", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AD matches the endoscopic salivary calculus extraction but does not distinguish the submandibular gland or wire basket instrument technique." }] }, { "code" : "450495001", "display" : "Sialendoscopically assisted removal of calculus from parotid duct by extraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAL.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus from parotid gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAL.JE.AA is the most specific ICHI code for parotid calculus extraction but does not capture the sialendoscopic assistance or the extraoral surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "450496000", "display" : "Sialendoscopically assisted removal of calculus from submandibular duct by intraoral approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.JE.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.JE.AD captures the endoscopic modality and salivary gland/duct target but does not distinguish the submandibular duct or intraoral approach detail." }] }, { "code" : "431705007", "display" : "Sialodochoplasty using fluoroscopic guidance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.MK.AA captures the surgical repair of a salivary duct (sialodochoplasty) but does not encode fluoroscopic guidance; ICHI lacks a more specific salivary duct plasty code." }] }, { "code" : "243117007", "display" : "Sibling support", "target" : [{ "code" : "SSJ.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for engaging in family relationships", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for sibling support; SSJ.RC.ZZ covers emotional support for family relationships broadly, the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "78795004", "display" : "Sign language training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SFJ.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in producing messages in sign languages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Sign language training\" encompasses both producing and receiving sign language; SFJ.PH.ZZ covers only the expressive side, but is the most clinically representative single code for sign language training as a skill." }] }, { "code" : "410357008", "display" : "Signs/symptoms-physical case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ represents case coordination for the whole person without specifying physical signs and symptoms as the focus, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "117041003", "display" : "Silver stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Silver staining is one specific histochemical technique within histopathology; XG30Q5 is the only ICHI extension code covering tissue-based microscopic examination but covers all histopathological methods, not silver staining specifically." }] }, { "code" : "26792008", "display" : "Simple chemical destruction of lesion of penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGM.GA.AA covers destruction of a lesion of the penis but does not specify the chemical (caustic/topical agent) modality, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names the chemical means." }] }, { "code" : "307105008", "display" : "Simple extraction of supernumerary tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JE.AC", "display" : "Extraction of tooth without incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JE.AC captures the simple/closed (without incision) extraction approach, but ICHI does not distinguish supernumerary (extra) teeth from regular teeth, so the SNOMED concept is more specific regarding tooth type." }] }, { "code" : "1269061009", "display" : "Simple mastectomy of left breast and prophylactic mastectomy of right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JK.AA represents a total/simple mastectomy of one breast and does not encode the bilateral nature, laterality, or distinction between therapeutic and prophylactic intent expressed in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1268980002", "display" : "Simple mastectomy of right breast and prophylactic mastectomy of left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total mastectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JK.AA covers single-breast total mastectomy and cannot capture the combined bilateral therapeutic + prophylactic procedure described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "77556000", "display" : "Simple one stage distal hypospadias repair with meatal advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.ML.AA captures urethral reconstruction (the broader procedure class) but does not encode the hypospadias indication, distal/meatal location, or single-stage operative detail." }] }, { "code" : "243765000", "display" : "Simultaneous sampling of bilateral inferior petrosal sinuses", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated code for selective inferior petrosal sinus sampling; DIA.AH.XA is the nearest available match but loses all specificity regarding the catheter-based bilateral petrosal sinus approach." }] }, { "code" : "232657004", "display" : "Single lung transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.KD.AA", "display" : "Lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.KD.AA encodes lung transplantation at the category level without distinguishing single from bilateral, while the SNOMED concept specifies a unilateral procedure." }] }, { "code" : "233569005", "display" : "Single period of cardiopulmonary bypass", "target" : [{ "code" : "PSA.DD.AF", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary bypass", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PSA.DD.AF directly represents cardiopulmonary bypass but does not encode the qualifier \"single period,\" making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429781007", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography for dopamine transport", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dopamine transporter SPECT (e.g., DaTscan) is performed as brain SPECT, and AAA.BA.BF correctly identifies the modality and target organ but does not encode the specific tracer or dopaminergic functional purpose." }] }, { "code" : "16554721000119102", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography for localization of inflammation", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for SPECT used to localize inflammation; whole-body SPECT is the closest assignable code but does not capture the inflammation-localizing clinical purpose." }] }, { "code" : "431191001", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography indium 111 leukocyte study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode radiolabelled leukocyte (In-111) specificity or the infective/inflammatory indication; whole-body SPECT is the best approximation but omits tracer identity and white-cell labelling methodology." }] }, { "code" : "432630004", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated bone SPECT code — the musculoskeletal imaging block only includes X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound modalities; whole-body SPECT is the closest available fit." }] }, { "code" : "431837001", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of bone of head and neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for SPECT restricted to the bones of the head and neck; the skull imaging block only includes X-ray, CT, and MRI, so the whole-body SPECT code is the closest available, though considerably broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "16548901000119104", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of the kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated SPECT-of-kidney code exists in ICHI; \"Nuclear imaging study of the kidney\" covers all radioisotope kidney imaging modalities, making it broader than the SPECT-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "571921000119104", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated SPECT-of-liver code exists in ICHI; KCA.BA.BE encompasses all radioisotope liver imaging, making it broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies SPECT in particular." }] }, { "code" : "440466000", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No dedicated SPECT-of-lung code exists in ICHI; JBF.BA.BE is the only nuclear medicine imaging code for the lung and covers all radionuclide lung scans (including V/Q and SPECT), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429792008", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of parathyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE covers radionuclide imaging of the parathyroid (where SPECT is the standard technique used), but the BE means axis denotes radioisotope/radionuclide scan broadly, making it slightly broader than the modality-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "442203000", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of perfusion of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.BA.BE", "display" : "Pulmonary scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.BA.BE is the standard ICHI code for radionuclide imaging of the lung but does not differentiate SPECT modality from planar scintigraphy nor specify perfusion as distinct from ventilation, making it broader than the SNOMED concept on both counts." }] }, { "code" : "448046003", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of sentinel lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of lymphatic vessel", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFO.BA.BF is the only ICHI code for SPECT of the lymphatic system, but its target is the lymphatic vessel rather than the sentinel lymph node specifically, making it broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "432116005", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of tumor", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a tumor-targeted SPECT code; tumor SPECT is performed as a whole-body or region-based survey, and PZA.BA.BF is the closest available match but does not encode the pathological target (tumor)." }] }, { "code" : "16553961000119107", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body for localization of abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.BA.BF matches the modality and whole-body target exactly, but does not encode the clinical purpose of abscess localization specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432881007", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body using iodine 123", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI matches the modality (SPECT) and anatomical scope (whole body) exactly, but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (iodine-123)." }] }, { "code" : "431890002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography of whole body using iodine 131", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the SPECT modality and whole-body scope precisely but subsumes multiple radiopharmaceuticals including iodine-131 without distinguishing them." }] }, { "code" : "431350006", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography scintimammography", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the breast (which encompasses scintimammography) but includes all nuclear breast imaging modalities, not only SPECT, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429818002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using gallium", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gallium SPECT scans are characteristically whole-body procedures and PZA.BA.BF is the best available match, but the ICHI code does not specify the gallium tracer." }] }, { "code" : "429796006", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "I-123 MIBG SPECT is characteristically a whole-body survey procedure and PZA.BA.BF is the closest ICHI match; ICHI does not encode the specific MIBG radiopharmaceutical." }] }, { "code" : "429797002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using iodine 131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the SPECT modality precisely but has no code for MIBG-specific or neuroendocrine/adrenal-targeted SPECT; the whole-body code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies I-131 MIBG." }] }, { "code" : "429800000", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using radiolabeled octreotide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for octreotide (somatostatin receptor) scintigraphy or any neuroendocrine-targeted SPECT; the whole-body SPECT code matches the modality and survey nature but lacks any tracer or indication specificity." }] }, { "code" : "431745003", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium (99m-Tc) exametazine labeled leucocytes", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tc-99m HMPAO-labelled leucocyte SPECT is a whole-body infection/inflammation survey; ICHI has no code for labelled white blood cell scanning, and the whole-body SPECT code is the closest match." }] }, { "code" : "765353002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium (99m-Tc) sulesomab", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tc-99m sulesomab (anti-granulocyte antibody fragment) SPECT is a whole-body infection scan; ICHI has no code for the specific antibody-based radiopharmaceutical, and the whole-body SPECT code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "713562004", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography using technetium 99m with computed tomography of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers all radioisotope imaging of the thyroid regardless of modality (planar, SPECT, or SPECT/CT), making it broader in modality scope but the best available match for the thyroid target." }] }, { "code" : "450438002", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated SPECT/CT hybrid code; PZA.BA.BF is the closest available match but is broader because the SNOMED concept is a generic modality (not body-site-specific) and the CT component of the hybrid acquisition is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "713557000", "display" : "Single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography of neck using indium (111-In) radiolabeled octreotide", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no neck-specific SPECT code and no code encoding the radiopharmaceutical (octreotide/In-111); the whole-body SPECT code omits the anatomical focus and tracer detail, and the CT hybrid component is also not captured." }] }, { "code" : "443561009", "display" : "Single photon emission using iodine 123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine computed tomography with computed tomography of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFD.BA.BF", "display" : "Single photon emission computerised tomography of myocardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFD.BA.BF is the only cardiac SPECT code in ICHI and correctly targets the myocardium, but does not encode the specific radiopharmaceutical (I-123 MIBG) or the hybrid CT component." }] }, { "code" : "79746006", "display" : "Single valve replacement with commissurotomy of another valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes valve procedures individually per valve and has no combination code encoding replacement of one valve simultaneously with commissurotomy of a second valve; the block BlockL4-HDE is the most appropriate anchor." }] }, { "code" : "71743000", "display" : "Single valve replacement with commissurotomy of two valves", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HDE", "display" : "Interventions on heart valves", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no combinatorial code for simultaneous replacement of one valve and commissurotomy of two others; BlockL4-HDE is the best available representation, broader because it encompasses all heart valve interventions without specifying the compound procedure." }] }, { "code" : "410752000", "display" : "Sinusotomy by intranasal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAE.FA.AA covers sinusotomy of a paranasal sinus NEC but does not specify the intranasal approach; no general intranasal-approach sinusotomy code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match." }] }, { "code" : "38375002", "display" : "Sinusotomy, multiple", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Sinusotomy, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for sinusotomy performed on multiple sinuses simultaneously; JAE.FA.AA is the closest single-sinus residual code and is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies multiple-sinus involvement." }] }, { "code" : "165099003", "display" : "Skeletomuscular dynometry", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of muscle power functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dynamometry maps closely to assessment of muscle power; MUB.AA.ZZ is slightly wider because it encompasses all assessment methods of muscle power, not only dynamometric measurement specifically." }] }, { "code" : "225397006", "display" : "Skin assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LT2.AA.ZZ is framed around skin functions (protective, repair, sensory) rather than the structural/visual assessment of skin condition (integrity, colour, lesions) typically denoted by \"skin assessment,\" but is the best available ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "274442008", "display" : "Skin blemish removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Skin blemish removal\" refers to removal/destruction of superficial skin lesions (warts, moles, cosmetic blemishes); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify body site and encompasses non-cosmetic destruction. No site-unspecified surgical excision NEC code exists, so destruction NEC is the closest functional match." }] }, { "code" : "410244002", "display" : "Skin care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LT2.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI assessment code for skin and is broader because ICHI frames it as assessment of skin functions generally rather than care-focused assessment, with the NEC qualifier indicating no more specific match." }] }, { "code" : "410245001", "display" : "Skin care education", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Education about skin functions, NEC\" represents patient/carer education targeting skin; coded wider because ICHI frames it as education about skin functions broadly rather than the practical care actions (hygiene, moisturising, protection) that \"skin care education\" typically covers." }] }, { "code" : "228535001", "display" : "Skin care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on the integumentary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Skin care management\" is a broad nursing concept covering any care activity directed at skin; no single ICHI category captures this generality, so the highest applicable block is the best available match, though it encompasses all procedural sub-types (excision, grafting, destruction)." }] }, { "code" : "386439008", "display" : "Skin care: topical treatments", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.DB.AH captures externally applying a substance to skin, aligning with \"topical treatments\"; broader because it includes living organisms and does not restrict to therapeutic substances, while SNOMED also encompasses topical treatments not involving an externally applied substance (e.g., phototherapy)." }] }, { "code" : "288098004", "display" : "Skin chemosurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chemosurgery (Mohs/chemical destruction of skin lesions) achieves tissue destruction, matching the destruction action axis; LZZ.GA.AH is broader as it encompasses all destruction modalities (cryotherapy, laser, electrosurgery), and ICHI has no means code specific to chemical destruction." }] }, { "code" : "711282006", "display" : "Skin condition care", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-LAA", "display" : "Interventions on the integumentary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI assignable category captures the broad nursing-oriented concept of \"skin condition care\"; BlockL3-LAA is the most appropriate umbrella, though considerably broader, encompassing all integumentary interventions rather than care of skin conditions specifically." }] }, { "code" : "108233001", "display" : "Skin examination procedure AND/OR treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a disjunctive grouper covering either examination or treatment of skin, making it inherently broader than any single ICHI code; LZZ.AA.ZZ captures the examination pole, while the treatment dimension and AND/OR nature mean no single ICHI category is a precise fit." }] }, { "code" : "50387000", "display" : "Skin fluorescence test by Wood's light", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for Wood's lamp / UV fluorescence examination; LT2.AC.ZZ covers tests of skin functions NEC and is the closest available match, but it is broader than the specific UV-A illumination diagnostic technique." }] }, { "code" : "107901000", "display" : "Skin of extremity destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has destruction-of-skin codes for upper limb (LAE.GA.AH) and lower limb (LAG.GA.AH) separately, but SNOMED is generic for \"extremity\"; LZZ.GA.AH covers any unspecified skin site, broader but the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "107897006", "display" : "Skin of extremity incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated incision code for extremity skin (LAE/LAG lack FA codes; only trunk has LAB.FA.AA), so LZZ.FA.AA is the best available code; wider because not constrained to the extremity." }] }, { "code" : "119850009", "display" : "Skin of extremity repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has repair codes for upper limb (LAE.MK.AA) and lower limb (LAG.MK.AA) separately, but SNOMED is generic for \"extremity\"; LZZ.MK.AA best represents the unspecified-limb scope without falsely narrowing to one limb." }] }, { "code" : "119852001", "display" : "Skin of extremity transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Transposition\" of skin (pedicled or free flap) aligns with the skin graft/reconstruction action; LZZ.ML.AA is used because \"extremity\" spans both upper and lower limbs which ICHI separates into distinct site blocks (LAE/LAG), making the NEC code the best single match." }] }, { "code" : "119838003", "display" : "Skin of head destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.GA.AH directly matches destruction of skin of the head, but the ICHI target includes neck in addition to head, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to head only." }] }, { "code" : "119830005", "display" : "Skin of head incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No site-specific incision code for skin of head/neck exists in the LAA block (only trunk has LAB.FA.AA), so the NEC incision code LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match; broader as it does not specify the head as the target site." }] }, { "code" : "119837008", "display" : "Skin of neck destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.GA.AH covers destruction of skin of head or neck (combined region), whereas SNOMED is restricted to neck only; the action (destruction) aligns precisely but the site is broader." }] }, { "code" : "119833007", "display" : "Skin of neck excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.JI.AA is the closest excision match in the head-or-neck skin block, but the ICHI target covers both head and neck while SNOMED is neck-specific; \"local excision\" is the better default match for an unqualified excision concept." }] }, { "code" : "119831009", "display" : "Skin of neck incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has an incision code for trunk skin (LAB.FA.AA) but no dedicated incision category for head or neck; the residual LZZ.FA.AA covers any skin/subcutaneous incision NEC and is broader than the neck-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119843005", "display" : "Skin of trunk closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair\" (MK action) in ICHI encompasses wound closure as its primary meaning, making LAB.MK.AA the best available match for closure of trunk skin; broader because \"repair\" includes other reconstructive acts beyond simple closure." }] }, { "code" : "107892000", "display" : "Skin of trunk excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED covers excision of skin of trunk generically without specifying extent; LAB.JI.AA is specific to local excision of trunk skin (LAB.JJ.AA partial excision is also present). The SNOMED parent concept is broader than any single ICHI excision code." }] }, { "code" : "24619005", "display" : "Skin scraping for examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XH", "display" : "Specimen collection of tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Skin scraping for examination is a specimen collection procedure (e.g., for fungal culture or scabies microscopy) that yields tissue/cellular material; PZX.AH.XH captures the specimen collection of tissue action but lacks skin site specificity, broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "409980007", "display" : "Skin self-examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AE.AH", "display" : "Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Skin self-examination\" is a patient-performed visual inspection (e.g., for moles/lesions); LZZ.AE.AH covers inspection of skin by any performer without specifying the self-performed nature, broader as it does not restrict to patient self-performance." }] }, { "code" : "386440005", "display" : "Skin surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Skin surveillance\" implies a structured, repeated monitoring programme to detect skin changes over time; LZZ.AA.ZZ covers a single assessment without the longitudinal surveillance intent, and no ICHI code specifically represents ongoing dermatological surveillance." }] }, { "code" : "16771007", "display" : "Skin test, anergy testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AC.AE", "display" : "Intradermal skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Anergy testing is a specific type of intradermal skin test (e.g., multiple antigen recall test for delayed-type hypersensitivity); LZZ.AC.AE is the correct intradermal skin test code but covers all intradermal skin tests rather than anergy testing specifically." }] }, { "code" : "164974008", "display" : "Skin test: lymphogran.venereum", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AC.AE", "display" : "Intradermal skin test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Frei test (lymphogranuloma venereum skin test) is a specific intradermal antigen challenge; ICHI has no code for this antigen-specific test, so LZZ.AC.AE is the best available code but is broader, covering all intradermal skin tests regardless of antigen." }] }, { "code" : "713205004", "display" : "Skin wash using sodium hypochlorite", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sodium hypochlorite skin wash is external application of an antiseptic, captured by the DB action on the integumentary target; LZZ is used because the procedure typically applies to whole-body or unspecified site rather than a single anatomical region." }] }, { "code" : "410078004", "display" : "Sleep pattern control assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.AA.ZZ captures assessment directed at sleep functions, encompassing sleep pattern control assessment; broader because it covers any form of sleep function assessment, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically targets the patient's capacity to control their sleep pattern." }] }, { "code" : "410079007", "display" : "Sleep pattern control education", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.PM.ZZ covers patient education directed at sleep functions, the closest ICHI match for educating a patient about controlling their sleep pattern; broader as it encompasses education about sleep functions generally." }] }, { "code" : "410080005", "display" : "Sleep pattern control management", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific \"sleep pattern management\" code; ATK.PN.ZZ is the closest single intervention within the sleep functions block, though SNOMED encompasses broader control and management activities (potentially including training, counselling, and environmental modification)." }] }, { "code" : "252566002", "display" : "Sleep-related breathing test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ATK.AC.ZZ covers testing of sleep functions and best represents a diagnostic test in the sleep domain; wider because the SNOMED term specifically targets the respiratory component during sleep (polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy), whereas this code encompasses all sleep function tests." }] }, { "code" : "172391003", "display" : "Sliding graft to conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for a conjunctival grafting procedure, as ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique of a sliding (advancement) graft from other conjunctival repair methods; broader because it encompasses all forms of conjunctival repair." }] }, { "code" : "30486002", "display" : "Sling operation on tarsus muscle of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A tarsal sling (frontalis sling or tarsofrontalis suspension for ptosis correction) is a form of eyelid reconstruction; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for sling/suspension procedures on the eyelid, so BAA.ML.AA is the best approximation, broader as it covers all eyelid reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "4407008", "display" : "Slitting of lacrimal canaliculus for passage of tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Slitting (incising) the lacrimal canaliculus to allow tube intubation is best captured by incision of the lacrimal apparatus, reflecting the primary surgical action; broader as it covers incision of any part of the lacrimal apparatus rather than specifically canaliculotomy with tube placement." }] }, { "code" : "19999005", "display" : "Slitting of lacrimal canaliculus for removal of streptothrix", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAD.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of lacrimal apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAD.FA.AA covers incision of the lacrimal apparatus broadly; the SNOMED concept is more specific — it targets the canaliculus and is performed for removal of a streptothrix infection, detail which ICHI does not capture." }] }, { "code" : "74766000", "display" : "Slitting of prepuce", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Slitting of prepuce\" (dorsal slit) is a longitudinal incision of the foreskin; ICHI's closest match is the broader \"Incision of penis\" since no specific code for preputial slitting exists." }] }, { "code" : "264244005", "display" : "Sluder operation of tonsillectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAA.JK.AC", "display" : "Tonsillectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DAA.JK.AC represents tonsillectomy generically; the SNOMED concept is specifically the Sluder guillotine technique, a procedural variant that ICHI's means axis does not distinguish." }] }, { "code" : "76814002", "display" : "Smear for fat", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for faecal smear microscopy for fat specifically; XG69Q0 (Microscopy) is a generic essential-lab technique code covering all forms of microscopy, far broader than this targeted stool-fat-droplet smear test." }] }, { "code" : "51564004", "display" : "Smear for meat fibers", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a specific faecal smear examined microscopically for undigested muscle fibers indicating maldigestion; ICHI has no dedicated code, so XG69Q0 captures only the technique axis and is substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "15856006", "display" : "Smear for neutrophils", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept denotes microscopic examination of a faecal smear to detect neutrophils (intestinal inflammation); XG69Q0 is the only procedural microscopy code available, making it the best but far broader match." }] }, { "code" : "82089008", "display" : "Smear for starch granules", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Microscopic examination of stool for starch granules indicating carbohydrate malabsorption has no dedicated ICHI code; XG69Q0 (Microscopy) captures only the generic microscopic technique." }] }, { "code" : "225324006", "display" : "Smoking effects education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence tobacco use behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VAB.PM.ZZ covers education broadly aimed at influencing tobacco use behaviours, encompassing the narrower SNOMED concept of educating about harmful effects of smoking." }] }, { "code" : "275014009", "display" : "Soave endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Soave procedure is a specific endorectal pull-through technique with colon-to-anus anastomosis; ICHI has no code for pull-through operations or Hirschsprung's disease, so KBW.ML.AA is the closest structural match but considerably broader." }] }, { "code" : "90102008", "display" : "Social psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "SR1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Social psychotherapy is psychotherapy focused on social/interpersonal functioning, mapping to ICHI's psychotherapy targeting interpersonal interactions; ICHI is wider as it covers all interpersonal psychotherapy modalities." }] }, { "code" : "410414002", "display" : "Social work/counseling surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Social work/counseling surveillance\" is a clinical-level monitoring activity for an individual's social work engagement, while UEO.VC.ZZ represents population-level public health surveillance — broader and operating at a more macro level." }] }, { "code" : "437231000124109", "display" : "Sodium modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ covers any modification of food as an environmental/product intervention, capturing the act of prescribing a sodium-modified diet; ICHI provides no sodium-specific or salt-restriction code, making the match broader." }] }, { "code" : "252215006", "display" : "Sodium restriction test", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AC.AC", "display" : "Food provocation test", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sodium restriction test is a diagnostic challenge restricting sodium intake to assess physiological response; PZA.AC.AC encompasses all food-based provocation/challenge tests without specificity to sodium or restriction protocols." }] }, { "code" : "87152003", "display" : "Soft tissue release with peroneus brevis tendon transfer", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure combining soft tissue release with peroneus brevis tendon transfer at the foot/ankle; MRT.LJ.AA's \"unspecified site\" target is broader and less precise." }] }, { "code" : "281234001", "display" : "Soldering of orthodontic metal work", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for soldering or repair of orthodontic metalwork; KAE.SM.AC covers management of external tooth appliances and is the nearest clinical category, substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "437011000124105", "display" : "Soluble fiber modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.DA.ZZ represents modification of food but covers any food modification, not specifically a soluble-fibre dietary prescription; substantially broader than this specific therapeutic diet." }] }, { "code" : "252216007", "display" : "Somatostatin infusion test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A somatostatin infusion test is a dynamic endocrine function test assessing suppression of growth hormone or other hormones; ETK.AA.ZZ is far broader, covering all endocrine assessment without specifying the somatostatin pharmacological challenge." }] }, { "code" : "113025000", "display" : "Somnocinematography", "target" : [{ "code" : "ATK.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of sleep functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Somnocinematography is a specific sleep-recording technique using cinematic/video recording during sleep; ATK.AC.ZZ captures the functional testing intent but is broader, covering any sleep test method." }] }, { "code" : "1255001001", "display" : "Soy free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A soy free diet is a specific dietary exclusion intervention; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is broader, encompassing any change to food rather than this specific allergen-elimination diet." }] }, { "code" : "113151000", "display" : "Special care of eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Special care of eye\" is a non-specific concept denoting heightened attention to the eye without specifying a procedure; BZZ.ZZ.ZZ is the residual unspecified catch-all for the visual system." }] }, { "code" : "271304000", "display" : "Special CVS procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HT2", "display" : "Interventions on functions of heart or cardiovascular system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Special CVS procedures\" is a broad SNOMED grouping for cardiovascular system procedures; the organisational block BlockL4-HT2 is the best fit, broader than any specific cardiovascular procedure." }] }, { "code" : "164838003", "display" : "Special dermatological testing", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Special dermatological testing\" is a broad category covering various skin diagnostic tests; LZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for general skin assessment, broader than specific tests like patch or intradermal testing." }] }, { "code" : "164807004", "display" : "Special female genital test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMS.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of female genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMS.AA.ZZ is the residual assessment code for the female genital system, capturing the general notion of a female genital investigation; broader as it encompasses any assessment rather than only \"special tests.\"" }] }, { "code" : "252544009", "display" : "Special investigations on ear", "target" : [{ "code" : "CZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of ear, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CZZ.AA.ZZ is the NEC assessment code for the ear and best represents a general special investigation; wider as it covers any ear assessment rather than a specifically designated \"special investigation.\"" }] }, { "code" : "252550004", "display" : "Special investigations on nose and sinuses", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on upper respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate investigation codes per sub-site (e.g., JAA.AB.AC Nasal function study, JAE.AE.AD Endoscopy of paranasal sinus) but no single combined \"investigations on nose and sinuses\" category; the best encompassing ICHI grouping is BlockL4-JAA covering both nose (BlockL5-JAA) and all paranasal sinuses, assigned as a block code since no single assignable category captures the full breadth." }] }, { "code" : "252570005", "display" : "Special investigations on pharynx and larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-JAA", "display" : "Interventions on upper respiratory tract", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has specific investigation codes for pharynx and larynx individually, but no combined category; the closest encompassing grouping that includes both nasopharynx (BlockL5-JAM) and larynx (BlockL5-JAN) is the upper respiratory tract block BlockL4-JAA, assigned as a block code since the SNOMED concept spans multiple ICHI sub-sites." }] }, { "code" : "164822009", "display" : "Special male genital test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGN.AE.AH", "display" : "Examination of male genital system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGN.AE.AH is the closest available ICHI code covering examination/investigation of the male genital system as a whole; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is labelled NEC and encompasses any type of examination, whereas the SNOMED term implies a special/diagnostic test." }] }, { "code" : "31605003", "display" : "Special schooling for handicapped person", "target" : [{ "code" : "STE.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with engaging in school education", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "STE.RB.ZZ covers practical support to enable participation in school education, which aligns with special schooling for a person with a handicap; however, it does not specify the disability/handicap context or the \"special\" adapted nature of the schooling, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "69915000", "display" : "Special stain for microorganism", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for organism-specific special staining (e.g. Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen); the closest available code is the XG30Q5 extension code for the general discipline of tissue/cell examination, which is considerably broader than the specific procedure of applying a special stain targeted at microorganism identification." }] }, { "code" : "49052008", "display" : "Special surgical pathology procedure, explain by report", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for surgical pathology at any level of specificity; XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the nearest available extension code covering macroscopic and microscopic tissue examination, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies a complex/special-technique procedure requiring a detailed report." }] }, { "code" : "395669003", "display" : "Specialist palliative care treatment", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG3E38", "display" : "Palliation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG3E38 is an ICHI extension code that qualifies any intervention as palliative in intent rather than curative, and does not represent a standalone intervention or the specialist, multidisciplinary nature of palliative care treatment; it is therefore broader and only partially captures the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "79206001", "display" : "Specialized medical examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest assignable ICHI code for a clinician-conducted general health evaluation of a whole person, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies a specialized (focused, expert-level) medical examination rather than a general health assessment." }] }, { "code" : "266742006", "display" : "Specific disability rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4691 is an ICHI extension code covering rehabilitation and habilitation broadly, without specificity to a particular disability type or body domain; it is the closest match available but is considerably broader than the SNOMED concept, which implies rehabilitation targeted at a specific disability." }] }, { "code" : "50576009", "display" : "Specimen collection by drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has many site-specific drainage codes and site-specific specimen collection codes, but no single code that combines specimen collection with drainage as the method across any site. PZX.AH.ZZ is the broadest residual specimen collection category but does not specify drainage as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "840566006", "display" : "Specimen collection for biobank", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code that captures the purpose of collecting a specimen for biobanking or research storage; the best available fit is the residual category, which is broader because it does not encode the research/biobank intent." }] }, { "code" : "31507001", "display" : "Specimen collection for microbiology", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifying specimen collection for microbiological purposes; the residual PZX.AH.ZZ is the closest available match but is broader as it covers all unspecified specimen collection regardless of diagnostic intent." }] }, { "code" : "424514005", "display" : "Speech and language therapy case management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TD.ZZ", "display" : "Case coordination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZB.TD.ZZ captures the care management/coordination aspect, the defining feature of \"case management\" in this context; however, the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any discipline and does not specify the speech and language therapy domain." }] }, { "code" : "311555007", "display" : "Speech and language therapy regime", "target" : [{ "code" : "JU1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of voice and speech functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Regime\" denotes a full structured programme spanning both speech (JUC) and language (AUI) domains, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ covers only the training action on voice and speech functions and does not encompass the language axis nor the programme-management concept implied by \"regime.\"" }] }, { "code" : "767576002", "display" : "Speech therapy for compensatory articulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Training of articulation functions\" covers the rehabilitative intent of speech therapy targeting articulation, but does not capture the specific compensatory strategy (alternate articulatory placement) that defines this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "287747001", "display" : "Spermatic cord hydrocele repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific hydrocele-of-spermatic-cord repair code; \"Repair of spermatic cord\" is the most specific available code but encompasses any structural repair, making it broader than this specific hydrocele procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252945001", "display" : "Spermatozoa cervical mucus capillary tube test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for sperm-cervical mucus interaction testing; \"Assessment of functions related to fertility\" is the closest available category but is far broader, covering all fertility function assessments rather than this specific in-vitro sperm penetration test." }] }, { "code" : "252943008", "display" : "Spermatozoa cervical mucus contact test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with the capillary tube test, ICHI lacks a specific code for sperm-cervical mucus contact testing; the best mapping is the generic fertility function assessment code, which is considerably broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "252942003", "display" : "Spermatozoa cervical mucus slide test", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cervical mucus slide test (postcoital test) is a specific diagnostic assessment of sperm-mucus interaction; ICHI has no dedicated code, so NUD.AA.ZZ covers it only broadly as a general fertility function assessment." }] }, { "code" : "120078003", "display" : "Spinal cord closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Spinal cord closure\" is a specific surgical act (suturing/closing the spinal cord or coverings, e.g. after myelomeningocele repair), a subset of \"Repair\" in ICHI; no dedicated closure code exists in the spinal cord block, so ABA.MK.AA is the closest available code but is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "108116000", "display" : "Spinal cord excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of spinal cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI spinal cord block contains only \"local excision of lesion\" — no general total or partial excision of spinal cord code; ABA.JI.AA is the closest match available, though \"local excision of lesion\" is the only excision-type code in the spinal cord block." }] }, { "code" : "281788007", "display" : "Spinal decompression with discectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBV.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single combined code for decompression with discectomy; MBV.JJ.AA captures the discectomy component but does not encode the concomitant decompression and is site-unspecified, so ICHI is wider than the SNOMED concept which implies both actions together." }] }, { "code" : "76970004", "display" : "Spinal dural graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated dural grafting code; ABC.MK.AA covers repair of all spinal meninges by any technique, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies a graft to the dura mater only, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "429769008", "display" : "Spinal fusion for kyphosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the fusion procedure but does not encode the indication (kyphosis); the ICHI code is broader because it applies to any spinal fusion regardless of deformity being corrected." }] }, { "code" : "428547005", "display" : "Spinal fusion for scoliosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the procedural action (fusion) but carries no indication for the underlying deformity (scoliosis); the ICHI code is broader because it covers all spinal fusions irrespective of curve type." }] }, { "code" : "239547008", "display" : "Spinal fusion for spondylolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode the indication (spondylolysis — a pars interarticularis defect); MBZ.LE.AA captures the intervention itself but is broader because it does not reflect the specific structural pathology driving the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "59323008", "display" : "Spinal fusion with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's MBZ.LE.AA represents the overall fusion procedure but does not encode the bone-graft component used to achieve arthrodesis, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies use of a graft." }] }, { "code" : "387823001", "display" : "Spinal fusion with reduction of spinal deformity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept combines deformity reduction and fusion, but ICHI only has a code for the fusion itself; MBZ.LE.AA is the closest match and is broader because it omits the reduction element." }] }, { "code" : "239546004", "display" : "Spinal fusion without reduction of spinal deformity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LE.AA", "display" : "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LE.AA captures spinal fusion generically but does not encode the qualifier \"without reduction of spinal deformity\" that distinguishes this concept from corrective fusion procedures; no level- or qualifier-specific fusion code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "287215007", "display" : "Spinal granulation tissue removal", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Removal of spinal granulation tissue is a form of debridement; MBZ.JG.AA is the closest ICHI code but covers debridement of the spine broadly without distinguishing granulation tissue specifically or anatomical region within the spine." }] }, { "code" : "230984006", "display" : "Spinal meninges operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABC", "display" : "Interventions on spinal meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a non-specific grouper for any operation on the spinal meninges, corresponding best to the ICHI block rather than a single assignable category; the block is wider but is the most appropriate level given no single ICHI category covers all such operations." }] }, { "code" : "304556002", "display" : "Spinal nerve ganglion operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABN", "display" : "Interventions on spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated assignable category for spinal nerve ganglion operations as a group; BlockL5-ABN is the closest organisational unit but encompasses all spinal nerve interventions, making it wider than the ganglion-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "231030002", "display" : "Spinal nerve root and ganglion operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ABN", "display" : "Interventions on spinal nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED grouper covers any operation on spinal nerve roots or ganglia; BlockL5-ABN is the best umbrella and is wider since it also covers interventions on spinal nerves beyond roots and ganglia." }] }, { "code" : "231255000", "display" : "Spinal subdural local anesthetic block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish subdural, epidural, or subarachnoid compartments at the category level; ABG.DC.AE is the closest assignable code but is wider because it covers all anaesthetic injections into the spinal canal regardless of subdural placement." }] }, { "code" : "1279655006", "display" : "Spinelli operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Spinelli operation is a surgical procedure correcting hypospadias/penile chordee through penile shaft and urethral reconstruction; NGM.ML.AA is the closest category, wider because it encompasses all penile reconstruction techniques rather than the specific Spinelli approach." }] }, { "code" : "257769002", "display" : "Spiral binding", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DK.AH", "display" : "Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Spiral binding is a specific bandaging technique winding material in overlapping spirals around a limb; LZZ.DK.AH is the most appropriate ICHI code but covers all dressing application to skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than the spiral wrapping technique." }] }, { "code" : "406930000", "display" : "Spirit soluble aniline blue stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no codes for specific histochemical staining methods; XG30Q5 (Histopathology), an extension code under essential laboratory tests, is the broadest applicable category covering tissue examination including staining and is considerably broader than this specific stain technique." }] }, { "code" : "406931001", "display" : "Spirit soluble eosin stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for eosin-specific staining; XG30Q5 (Histopathology) is the closest available category covering tissue staining and microscopic examination methods, considerably broader than this one stain type." }] }, { "code" : "410104000", "display" : "Spiritual comfort assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SXH.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SXH.AA.ZZ is the only ICHI assessment code in the religion/spirituality domain and covers engagement assessment broadly; the SNOMED concept is narrower, specifically targeting assessment of spiritual comfort rather than the full scope of religious/spiritual engagement." }] }, { "code" : "314979004", "display" : "Spirometry reversibility", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of respiration function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for spirometry or bronchodilator reversibility testing; JTB.AC.ZZ is the closest functional category, broader because it covers any test of respiration function rather than the specific reversibility protocol." }] }, { "code" : "180315008", "display" : "Splinting of dislocated hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.LC.AH captures application of an external immobilisation device (splint) to the hip joint — the procedural action; the SNOMED concept also specifies the clinical context of dislocation, which ICHI does not encode, so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "180313001", "display" : "Splinting of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.LC.AH", "display" : "Application of external immobilisation device to finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.LC.AH covers application of an immobilisation device to finger or hand joint — the closest match to splinting of the hand; ICHI bundles finger and hand joints together, while the SNOMED concept refers to the hand as a whole." }] }, { "code" : "699265004", "display" : "Split thickness graft of skin to skin of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAE.ML.AA", "display" : "Skin graft to upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no hand-specific skin graft code; LAE.ML.AA covers the entire upper limb including the hand. The SNOMED concept is more specific in two respects (hand only and split-thickness technique), so ICHI is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1197780003", "display" : "Spontaneous and/or timed ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC is the only assignable code for mechanical/assisted ventilation and does not distinguish ventilator modes (SIMV, spontaneous, pressure-support, timed, BiPAP), so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the spontaneous/timed mode." }] }, { "code" : "229164006", "display" : "Sport specific rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4691", "display" : "Rehabilitation and Habilitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4691 is the only ICHI code explicitly covering rehabilitation but is a broad extension-code-level concept with no sport-specific qualifier; the SNOMED concept is a specialised rehabilitation programme restricted to sport contexts, making the ICHI code wider." }] }, { "code" : "117612008", "display" : "Sputum smear examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has codes for sputum specimen collection and microscopy as an extension code, but no code combining sputum substrate with microscopic smear examination; XG69Q0 is the closest technique-level match but is broader, covering all microscopy." }] }, { "code" : "225231007", "display" : "Stab peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JC.AE covers peritoneal dialysis in general without distinguishing technique; the SNOMED concept specifies a stab (rigid, acute) catheter approach, which makes the SNOMED term narrower and the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "239441007", "display" : "Stabilization of joint of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides stabilisation codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, foot/toe, and unspecified site, but has no dedicated hand/finger joint stabilisation code; MRJ.LC.AA is the appropriate residual fallback, broader than the site-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239446002", "display" : "Stabilization of patellofemoral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMP.LC.AA", "display" : "Patellar stabilisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes patellar stabilisation under the patella target (MMP block) rather than the patellofemoral joint as a distinct entity; the ICHI code covers stabilisation of the patella broadly, which includes but is not explicitly limited to the patellofemoral articulation." }] }, { "code" : "239439006", "display" : "Stabilization of radiocarpal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The radiocarpal joint is the primary articulation of the wrist (radius with proximal carpal row) and ICHI represents it under the wrist joint block (MFJ); however, the ICHI code is broader as the wrist joint block encompasses the midcarpal and other wrist articulations beyond the radiocarpal joint." }] }, { "code" : "239440008", "display" : "Stabilization of scapholunate joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the scapholunate intercarpal joint; stabilisation of this joint falls under the wrist joint block (MFJ), making MFJ.LC.AA the closest available code, though it is considerably broader than the specific intercarpal articulation intended by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1290442003", "display" : "Stabilization of spine using Graf technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into spine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Graf technique is a soft dynamic posterior spinal stabilization achieved by implanting flexible ligament bands around pedicle screws; MBZ.DN.AA captures the intervention type and target but does not encode the dynamic/flexible nature of the technique, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "11932001", "display" : "Stabilizing hemodialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.JC.AF covers renal dialysis generally, which encompasses haemodialysis, but does not distinguish the specific intent of \"stabilizing\" (i.e., acute or emergency haemodialysis to achieve haemodynamic stability) from maintenance haemodialysis; the ICHI code is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "236971007", "display" : "Stabilizing induction", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DC.AF", "display" : "Intravenous anaesthesia", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stabilizing induction is a specific anaesthetic induction technique (typically intravenous) used in patients at risk of cardiovascular instability; PZA.DC.AF is the closest ICHI match but covers all IV anaesthesia rather than specifically the induction phase or the haemodynamically cautious approach." }] }, { "code" : "179826005", "display" : "Stabilizing transposition of muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stabilizing transposition of muscle is a muscle-tendon transfer performed to restore stability to a joint; MRM.LJ.AA covers muscle transfer/transplantation at an unspecified site but does not encode the stabilizing purpose or the specific anatomical site, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "176548009", "display" : "Standard circumcision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated circumcision code; circumcision is a partial excision of the penis (specifically the prepuce/foreskin), and NGM.JJ.AA is the closest applicable code but is broader as it encompasses any partial penile excision rather than being restricted to prepuce removal." }] }, { "code" : "57456004", "display" : "Standing transfer training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHG.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in transferring oneself", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SHG.PH.ZZ covers rehabilitation training focused on the activity of transferring oneself, which is the core of standing transfer training; the ICHI code is slightly wider because it encompasses all transfer training without specifying the standing modality." }] }, { "code" : "224568002", "display" : "Staple capsulorrhaphy of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDL.LC.AA", "display" : "Stabilisation of shoulder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Capsulorrhaphy is a specific repair/plication of the shoulder joint capsule performed to restore stability, mapping functionally to stabilisation of shoulder; MDL.LC.AA is broader as it encompasses any stabilisation technique of the shoulder ligament/fascia complex and does not specify the capsular repair or staple means." }] }, { "code" : "765254006", "display" : "Static radionuclide imaging of liver using radioisotope", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE covers both liver scanning and radioisotope function studies as a combined category, while the SNOMED concept specifies only the static imaging (scan) component without the functional study aspect." }] }, { "code" : "763938003", "display" : "Static radionuclide imaging of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers both thyroid scanning and radioisotope function studies under a single code, whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to static radionuclide imaging (the scan component only)." }] }, { "code" : "428563002", "display" : "Stent assisted embolization of aneurysm using transluminal coil", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF captures the endovascular embolisation/occlusion of an intracranial artery via a transluminal approach, aligning with coil embolisation of an intracranial aneurysm; however, the ICHI code does not specify the stent-assisted technique or the coil as the means." }] }, { "code" : "428983007", "display" : "Stent assisted percutaneous transluminal embolization of aneurysm using liquid polymer", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.LA.AF covers endovascular embolisation of intracranial artery and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not capture the specificity of stent assistance, liquid polymer as the embolic agent, or the aneurysm (rather than artery) as the target." }] }, { "code" : "77337009", "display" : "Stereotactic biopsy by aspiration of intracranial lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.AD.AE covers the percutaneous/stereotactic route but does not encode the aspiration technique specifically nor the intracranial lesion target as distinct from brain parenchyma, making ICHI broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "54899006", "display" : "Stereotactic excisional biopsy of intracranial lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.JI.AA captures local excision of a brain lesion, which aligns with the excisional biopsy intent, but does not encode the stereotactic guidance technique or the percutaneous/minimally invasive approach." }] }, { "code" : "31632008", "display" : "Stereotactic focused proton beam on cerebrum", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAA.GA.BA covers destruction of brain lesion/tissue by radiotherapy, the correct category for stereotactic radiosurgery, but ICHI does not distinguish proton beam from other radiotherapy modalities nor encode the stereotactic technique." }] }, { "code" : "1106641000000102", "display" : "Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into left breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The magnetic marker is a device inserted percutaneously into the breast, making LCA.DL.AE the best structural match; ICHI does not encode the stereotactic mammography guidance modality, the magnetic nature of the marker, or laterality (left) within the core code." }] }, { "code" : "1106651000000104", "display" : "Stereotactic mammography guided insertion of magnetic marker into right breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The magnetic marker insertion into breast maps to LCA.DL.AE, with laterality (right), imaging guidance modality, and marker type all absent from the ICHI core code and expressible only via extensions." }] }, { "code" : "719573001", "display" : "Stereotactic plain X-ray guided vacuum assisted excision of lesion of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.JI.AA captures the core clinical action (local excision of a breast lesion), but ICHI has no codes specifying vacuum-assisted technique or stereotactic X-ray guidance, making the ICHI code broader than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "399710006", "display" : "Stereotactically guided core needle biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated stereotactically guided or image-guided core needle biopsy code; LCA.AD.AE is the closest structural match but is broader because it does not specify stereotactic guidance or the core needle technique, and it presupposes breast as the target." }] }, { "code" : "1268323005", "display" : "Stereotactically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for fine needle aspiration specifically, nor for stereotactic guidance as a means; LCA.AD.AE captures the target (breast) and the general approach (percutaneous) but is broader, omitting both the stereotactic navigation and FNA technique." }] }, { "code" : "183391004", "display" : "Stimulative psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish subtypes of psychotherapy by theoretical orientation; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the most general residual psychotherapy category targeting the whole person, broader than the specific SNOMED concept of stimulative (activating) psychotherapy." }] }, { "code" : "225192007", "display" : "Stoma assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of body part, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no specific code for stoma assessment; PZX.AA.AH is the best available residual code, capturing the assessment action on an unspecified body part, but is considerably broader than the targeted stoma-specific nursing assessment." }] }, { "code" : "225193002", "display" : "Stoma irrigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.JA.AC", "display" : "Local irrigation of colon", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stoma irrigation is the instillation of fluid through a colostomy/enterostomy to evacuate bowel contents, mapping most closely to local irrigation of the colon; the ICHI code does not specify the stoma route and could also include non-stoma colonic irrigation, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "385838001", "display" : "Stool specimen care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XG", "display" : "Specimen collection of faeces", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XG covers the collection of a faecal specimen, the core component of stool specimen care; the SNOMED concept may also encompass handling, labelling, and transport steps, and the ICHI code is broader in covering any specimen collection context." }] }, { "code" : "233375002", "display" : "Straight graft of the abdominal aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIH.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIH.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the abdominal aorta broadly, which encompasses a straight tube graft as one specific technique; the ICHI code does not distinguish between straight (tube) and bifurcated graft configurations, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229158004", "display" : "Straight leg raising exercise", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to straight leg raising; MU2.PG.ZZ is the closest match as a guided therapeutic muscle exercise, but it covers all muscle function exercises rather than this specific movement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173100009", "display" : "Strayer procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.LK.AA", "display" : "Lengthening of tendon of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Strayer procedure is a gastrocnemius recession (selective release/lengthening of the gastrocnemius musculotendinous unit in the lower leg), which maps well to MNT.LK.AA; the ICHI code covers lengthening of any lower leg tendon, making it slightly broader, but this is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "396222007", "display" : "Strip craniectomy with opening of cranial suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Craniectomy\" is the closest available code, but it is broader — it does not capture the specific strip technique, the suturectomy component, or the craniosynostosis indication that define this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "396220004", "display" : "Stripping of cranial suture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Craniectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Stripping of a cranial suture (suturectomy/synostectomy for craniosynostosis) is a form of craniectomy. ICHI's craniectomy code is broader, encompassing any surgical removal of skull bone rather than being specific to suture stripping." }] }, { "code" : "708737007", "display" : "Stripping of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JI.AC", "display" : "Local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Laryngeal stripping (mucosal decortication of the larynx) involves removal of laryngeal mucosa/tissue, which falls within local excision of lesion or tissue of larynx; the ICHI code is broader as it covers any local excision of laryngeal tissue." }] }, { "code" : "80168007", "display" : "Stripping of thoracic varicose veins", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of vein of thorax", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific \"stripping\" procedure for thoracic veins, but IDB.JJ.AA is the closest structural match — venous stripping is a form of partial vein excision. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial excision of thoracic vein." }] }, { "code" : "233456008", "display" : "Stripping of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Stripping of vein\" without anatomical specification most commonly refers to lower-limb saphenous vein stripping for varicose veins; the ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial excision of a lower limb vein." }] }, { "code" : "416133007", "display" : "Subconjunctival autologous blood injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into subconjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.DB.AE correctly captures the anatomical site (subconjunctival space) and the action (injection), but ICHI does not specify the injectate substance; the SNOMED concept is more specific (autologous blood)." }] }, { "code" : "231333006", "display" : "Subconjunctival infiltration", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into subconjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subconjunctival infiltration (injection of a medicament into the subconjunctival space) maps directly to BBA.DB.AE in terms of both anatomical site and procedural action; ICHI is wider because it does not specify the substance." }] }, { "code" : "287653007", "display" : "Subcutaneous mastectomy and prosthetic implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/prosthetic implant component of this combined procedure but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the concurrent subcutaneous mastectomy; the mastectomy component would need to be coded separately." }] }, { "code" : "230847008", "display" : "Subcutaneous reservoir procedures for brain lesions", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of internal device into ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAE.DN.AA accurately describes implanting a device (reservoir/catheter assembly) into the brain ventricles, which is the core procedural component of Ommaya/Rickham reservoir placement; it is slightly broader as it does not distinguish the subcutaneous reservoir dome from other ventricular devices." }] }, { "code" : "231385008", "display" : "Subdural neurolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.FC.AA", "display" : "Intracranial release", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Subdural neurolysis is lysis of subdural adhesions specifically affecting nerves in the intracranial subdural space; ICHI's \"Intracranial release\" is the closest available code but is broader — it covers intracranial adhesiolysis/decompression generically rather than targeting the subdural nerve-adhesion-specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "252503008", "display" : "Submandibular duct probing", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.LG.AA", "display" : "Dilatation of salivary duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) probing is performed to explore, dilate, or clear obstruction from the duct — KAM.LG.AA is the best match as it covers the same duct and a closely overlapping clinical intent, though \"dilatation\" is slightly broader than \"probing\" which may be purely diagnostic." }] }, { "code" : "177245000", "display" : "Submental lipectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of face and neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Submental lipectomy is surgical excision of submental (under-chin) fat, which anatomically falls within the face and neck region covered by LAA.LL.AE; however, \"liposuction\" implies suction-assisted removal whereas lipectomy is direct excision, and the ICHI code does not distinguish the submental subsite." }] }, { "code" : "236244001", "display" : "Submucosal injection of polytetrafluoroethylene to female urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic injection into bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAK.DB.AD captures the correct target (bladder neck) and action (injection via endoscopic approach), which matches the procedure well. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify the injectate (PTFE/Teflon), the submucosal plane, or the female sex." }] }, { "code" : "236257009", "display" : "Submucosal injection of polytetrafluoroethylene to male urinary bladder neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.DB.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic injection into bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as concept 236244001 — NAK.DB.AD is the only ICHI code for injection into the bladder neck, and it is wider because sex, injectate type, and submucosal plane are unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "47782001", "display" : "Submucous resection of nasal septum with replacement with graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.JJ.AC", "display" : "Submucous resection of nasal septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAB.JJ.AC directly names submucous resection of the nasal septum, matching the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the additional step of graft replacement that is specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241479003", "display" : "Subphrenic US scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The subphrenic space lies within the peritoneal cavity, and KMA.BA.BJ is the most anatomically precise available ICHI ultrasound code covering this region. It is wider because it encompasses the entire peritoneal cavity rather than specifically the subphrenic compartment." }] }, { "code" : "18170008", "display" : "Subsequent nursing facility visit", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Health management encounter, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A nursing facility visit is a follow-up clinical encounter in a long-term care setting, which ICHI has no specific code for. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest whole-person, administrative-encounter concept in ICHI, but it is broader as it does not capture the subsequent/follow-up nature or the nursing facility setting." }] }, { "code" : "408935001", "display" : "Substance abuse prevention education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VA1.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VA1.PM.ZZ captures education targeting unspecified substance-related and addictive behaviours, which aligns well with substance abuse prevention education; it is wider because it covers all substance-related behaviours rather than being restricted to abuse prevention." }] }, { "code" : "386450006", "display" : "Substance use treatment: drug withdrawal", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.TE.ZZ", "display" : "Detoxification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Detoxification covers the broad clinical process of clearing substances from the body and managing withdrawal, which aligns well with drug withdrawal treatment, but ICHI does not distinguish drug-specific withdrawal from general detoxification." }] }, { "code" : "444162001", "display" : "Suction assisted lipectomy of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.LL.AE directly describes liposuction of the abdominal region, which covers the SNOMED concept precisely, though the ICHI code also includes the buttocks in its scope while the SNOMED concept specifies only the abdomen." }] }, { "code" : "1345166000", "display" : "Suction assisted lipectomy of buttock", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.LL.AE", "display" : "Liposuction of abdominal region and buttocks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers both abdominal region and buttocks together as a single combined target, whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the buttock only. The procedure type is an exact match, but the broader anatomical scope of the ICHI code makes it wider." }] }, { "code" : "310583000", "display" : "Suction clearance of tracheostomy tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a specific code for suctioning of endotracheal tube but none specifically for a tracheostomy tube; the NEC airways suctioning code is the best available fit and captures the suction action on the airway, though it is broader than the tracheostomy-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448191005", "display" : "Suction excision of adenoid by diathermy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAB.JK.AC", "display" : "Adenoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes adenoidectomy as a single concept regardless of technique; there is no separate code for the suction-diathermy variant, so Adenoidectomy is the best match, but it is wider because it does not capture the specific technique encoded in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "406935005", "display" : "Sudan black B stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sudan black B is a specific lipid staining technique applied to tissue sections; ICHI has no code for individual staining methods, so XG30Q5 is the broadest applicable code. The ICHI code is considerably broader, covering all histopathological examination without specificity for the Sudan black B dye." }] }, { "code" : "406934009", "display" : "Sudan black stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sudan black staining is a histochemical method for demonstrating lipids in tissue; no ICHI code exists for this specific staining technique, making XG30Q5 the only applicable code, which is far broader and does not capture the staining specificity." }] }, { "code" : "406936006", "display" : "Sudan blue stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sudan blue staining (used to demonstrate phospholipids and neutral fats in tissue) has no corresponding ICHI code; XG30Q5 is the closest available code but encompasses all histopathological methods, not lipid staining specifically." }] }, { "code" : "406933003", "display" : "Sudan II stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sudan II is a lipid-soluble dye used in histochemical staining of fat; ICHI contains no code for Sudan stains or lipid staining methods, so XG30Q5 is the best available match but is substantially broader than this specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "117029005", "display" : "Sudan III stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sudan III is a classic fat-soluble dye used for histological demonstration of neutral triglycerides and lipids; as with the other Sudan stain variants, no specific ICHI code exists, and XG30Q5 is the only reasonable match, being far broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "415665002", "display" : "Suicide prevention", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-VBA", "display" : "Interventions on self-harm behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a discrete code specifically for suicide prevention as a programme or intervention type; BlockL4-VBA covers all interventions on self-harm behaviours (which encompasses suicidal self-harm), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "225337009", "display" : "Suicide risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self-harm behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VBA.AA.ZZ represents assessment of self-harm behaviours, which is the closest available ICHI code; it is broader because it covers all self-harm behaviour assessment and ICHI does not distinguish suicide from other self-harm at the assessment level." }] }, { "code" : "1155729007", "display" : "Sulfate salt modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A sulfate salt modified diet is a specific dietary intervention that falls within the scope of food modification; UAB.DA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but is substantially broader, covering any alteration to food without specifying the nutrient or compound targeted." }] }, { "code" : "231126002", "display" : "Superficial cervical plexus block", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The cervical plexus is a somatic peripheral nerve plexus, so injection of anaesthetic into it falls under the peripheral nervous system block in ICHI. ACA.DC.AE does not specify the cervical plexus or the superficial branch, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "260651001", "display" : "Superior cordotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABA.FA.AA", "display" : "Cordotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes cordotomy at the generic level under spinal cord interventions, without distinguishing the spinal level (cervical/superior versus thoracic). The SNOMED concept specifies a superior cordotomy, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "710871004", "display" : "Support for caregiver during toilet training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SMD.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with toileting", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SMD.RB.ZZ captures practical support with toileting, which is the closest representation of assisting with toilet training, but it does not distinguish that the recipient of the intervention is a caregiver rather than the individual being trained." }] }, { "code" : "710869004", "display" : "Support for family coping process", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDJ.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for handling stress and other psychological demands", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Coping with adversity is functionally equivalent to handling psychological demands and stress; SDJ.RC.ZZ is the closest ICHI category, though ICHI does not specify the family unit as the target and the code is broader than the specific family coping context." }] }, { "code" : "710867002", "display" : "Support for family decision making process", "target" : [{ "code" : "SCL.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for decision making", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SCL.RC.ZZ captures emotional support specifically directed at decision making, which closely matches the SNOMED concept's intent. The match is wider because ICHI does not scope the intervention to the family unit." }] }, { "code" : "710865005", "display" : "Support for family mourning process", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUD.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for emotional functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for bereavement, mourning, or grief support; mourning is an emotional function, and AUD.RC.ZZ is the closest available category. The match is wider because the ICHI code covers all emotional functions, not specifically grief." }] }, { "code" : "243116003", "display" : "Support for parent", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes generic support provided to a parent, while ICHI specifies the support type as emotional within the parenting behaviours block. The ICHI code is the closest available match with no unqualified support for parent code existing." }] }, { "code" : "1172621008", "display" : "Support of victim of incest", "target" : [{ "code" : "VBB.RC.ZZ", "display" : "Emotional support for family and partner violence behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Incest is a specific form of intra-familial sexual violence, which falls within the \"family and partner violence\" target domain; VBB.RC.ZZ covers emotional support across this broader category, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept's specificity to incest victims." }] }, { "code" : "385990006", "display" : "Support system interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.RG.ZZ", "display" : "Providing general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Support system interventions\" in SNOMED refers broadly to activating or strengthening a patient's social support network, while UEO.RG.ZZ is oriented toward provision of formal general social support services at a systems level, making it broader and less clinically specific than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "410422009", "display" : "Support system surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEO.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning general social support services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEO.VC.ZZ is a public health surveillance code aimed at monitoring social support services at a population or policy level, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes clinician-level surveillance of an individual patient's support system; the ICHI code is broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "85925008", "display" : "Supportive verbal psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code that captures the specific modality of supportive verbal psychotherapy; PZB.PQ.ZZ represents general psychotherapy applied to the whole person and is the closest non-organ-targeted psychotherapy code, but it does not encode the verbal or supportive modality, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "84892007", "display" : "Suppressive psychotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AS1.PQ.ZZ", "display" : "Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish psychotherapy modalities by theoretical orientation (suppressive, supportive, exploratory, etc.); AS1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for mental functions broadly, making it wider than the specifically named \"suppressive\" modality in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "232549007", "display" : "Suprahyoid laryngeal release procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of muscles of neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The suprahyoid laryngeal release is a specific surgical procedure that releases the suprahyoid musculature to allow the larynx to descend; MAM.FC.AA \"Release of muscles of neck\" is the closest ICHI code but is broader, covering all neck muscle release procedures without specificity to the suprahyoid group or its laryngeal-lowering purpose." }] }, { "code" : "231076003", "display" : "Surgical ablation of celiac plexus", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for the celiac (coeliac) plexus; the celiac plexus is an autonomic/splanchnic ganglion complex, and the best available ICHI code captures the action (surgical destruction/ablation) on a peripheral nerve structure, but is broader as it does not specify the celiac plexus target or the sympathetic/autonomic nature of the intervention." }] }, { "code" : "234085002", "display" : "Surgical avulsion of vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical avulsion (forcible stripping) of a vein is clinically captured under partial excision of lower limb vein in ICHI, as vein avulsion/stripping is a form of partial removal; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all partial excision techniques and is anatomically restricted to lower limb veins, whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified for location and technique-specific for avulsion." }] }, { "code" : "307987001", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBC.AD.AA covers biopsy of the adrenal gland without specifying approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a surgical (open) approach; the ICHI code is broader because it also encompasses other approaches such as percutaneous (which has its own sibling code EBC.AD.AE), making it a slightly wider match for the surgical-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "287517000", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZE.AD.AA is the most general arterial/vascular biopsy code in ICHI (covering blood vessels not classified elsewhere); it is wider than the SNOMED concept in two ways — it covers veins and other blood vessels in addition to arteries, and it does not restrict the approach to open/surgical." }] }, { "code" : "274333000", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.AD.AA is the residual/unspecified-site bone biopsy code in ICHI and captures the generic \"bone biopsy\" concept without site specificity, matching the SNOMED concept well; it is classified as wider because it does not restrict the approach to surgical/open (percutaneous has a sibling code MRB.AD.AE), and the unspecified-site scope is inherently broader." }] }, { "code" : "274331003", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.AD.AA \"Biopsy of breast\" is a direct title match for this concept, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the surgical (open) approach — it encompasses any approach including percutaneous (which has its own code LCA.AD.AE). The SNOMED concept specifically denotes a surgical biopsy, making the ICHI code slightly wider." }] }, { "code" : "287558007", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.AD.AA \"Biopsy of diaphragm\" matches the anatomical target and action precisely; however, the ICHI code does not specify a surgical/open approach (means axis AA = open, which here represents the default unspecified approach rather than explicitly surgical), making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept's surgical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "268413008", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of eyelid", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of eyelid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAA.AD.AA is an exact anatomical and procedural match for \"biopsy of eyelid\"; the ICHI code is slightly wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not restrict to the surgical/open approach, encompassing all biopsy approaches of the eyelid (the percutaneous variant is separately coded as BAA.AD.AE)." }] }, { "code" : "287523005", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of female genitalia", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NMA", "display" : "Interventions on female genital system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single assignable ICHI category covers biopsy of female genitalia as a whole; the block \"Interventions on female genital system\" is the nearest grouping that encompasses all constituent anatomical sites (vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, etc.). The block is broader because it includes all intervention types, not just biopsy." }] }, { "code" : "274355008", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.AD.AA covers biopsy of liver without specifying a surgical (open) approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly denotes a surgical/open technique. The more specific open-approach code does not exist in ICHI; KCA.AD.AA is the closest unqualified match." }] }, { "code" : "274339001", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of nose", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of nose", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the nose without specifying approach, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly denotes a surgical (open) technique; ICHI has no dedicated open-approach nasal biopsy code, so this unqualified code is the best available match." }] }, { "code" : "274340004", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of oral structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAZ.AD.AC is the residual biopsy code for the oral cavity as a whole, covering structures not coded elsewhere, and does not specify a surgical approach — making it broader than the SNOMED concept in both anatomical scope and technique. More specific ICHI oral biopsies exist for tongue, lip, gingiva, and salivary gland individually, but none collectively covers \"oral structure\" as an undifferentiated entity better than this NEC code." }] }, { "code" : "274365002", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code exactly names \"Biopsy of ovary\" and matches the procedure well, but it does not specify \"surgical\" (open) approach — the open-approach child NMA.AD.AA uses means \"AA\" (open), making this an equivalent match for a surgical biopsy; however, the SNOMED term \"surgical biopsy\" could encompass any surgical approach while ICHI's AA means implies open specifically, making it a wider match for the unqualified surgical concept." }] }, { "code" : "274344008", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of palate", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no unqualified \"biopsy of palate\" code — it distinguishes only soft palate (KAS.AD.AC) and hard palate (KAT.AD.AA); since the SNOMED concept does not specify which part of the palate, the nearest broader code covering the oral cavity NEC is used." }] }, { "code" : "274354007", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of pancreas", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of pancreas or pancreatic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the best-matching ICHI code for a surgical (open) pancreatic biopsy, but the title includes \"or pancreatic duct\" making the ICHI code slightly broader in target scope than the SNOMED concept which refers solely to the pancreas parenchyma." }] }, { "code" : "287518005", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of peripheral vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI code exists for biopsy of a peripheral vessel; IZE.AD.AA covers biopsy of blood vessel NEC with open approach, which is broader in target scope (any blood vessel, not restricted to peripheral) than the SNOMED concept specifying \"peripheral vessel.\"" }] }, { "code" : "274347001", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of pharynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.AD.AA", "display" : "Biopsy of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SNOMED's \"pharynx\" is anatomically unqualified and could include nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx, whereas ICHI's code is restricted to the oral (oro)pharynx specifically; the approach (open/AA) aligns with \"surgical biopsy,\" but the target is narrower in ICHI, making the ICHI code wider relative to the full SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "274357000", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of urinary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has individual biopsy codes for each urinary tract organ (kidney NAA.AD.AA, ureter NAE.AD.AA, bladder NAI.AD.AA, urethra NAM.AD.AA) but no single code covering the entire urinary tract. The urinary system block (BlockL4-NAA) is the narrowest available container that spans all those structures, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which already implies a specific but unspecified-site biopsy within the tract." }] }, { "code" : "274345009", "display" : "Surgical biopsy of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.AD.AC", "display" : "Biopsy of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated uvula biopsy code; the uvula is anatomically part of the soft palate and its closest parent is KAS.AD.AC (Biopsy of soft palate), which is broader since it covers the entire soft palate rather than just the uvula." }] }, { "code" : "373359009", "display" : "Surgical closure of eye structure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of eye, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes surgical closure of individual eye structures (cornea BBB.MK.AA, sclera BCB.MK.AA, conjunctiva BBA.MK.AA, eyelid BAA.MK.AA, etc.) but has no single code covering a generic closure of an unspecified eye structure; BZZ.MK.AA (Repair of eye, NEC) is the closest available umbrella, though it is broader and includes repairs beyond closure." }] }, { "code" : "49404006", "display" : "Surgical collapse of lung by destruction of phrenic nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.GA.AA captures the operative action performed (destruction of a peripheral nerve, which the phrenic nerve is), but it is broader than the SNOMED concept as it does not specify the phrenic nerve as the target nor encode the therapeutic goal of lung collapse; JBF.LL.AE (Artificial pneumothorax for collapse of lung) was also considered but captures only the outcome by a different mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "301298001", "display" : "Surgical dilation of small intestine", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBK.LG.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers dilatation of the small intestine without specifying the approach, matching the anatomical target and action; however, the SNOMED concept specifies \"surgical\" (implying open or invasive approach), while ICHI's \"not elsewhere classified\" residual code is approach-agnostic and also has a separate endoscopic variant (KBK.LG.AD), making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "66764004", "display" : "Surgical electrolysis of skin", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific electrolysis code; electrolysis of skin achieves destruction of tissue (typically hair follicles), which maps to the GA (destruction) action on the skin/subcutaneous target, but LZZ.GA.AH is a broad residual code covering all non-specified destruction methods of skin and subcutaneous tissue regardless of technique, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "77587003", "display" : "Surgical electrolysis of subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with electrolysis of skin, ICHI captures no electrolysis-specific code; the subcutaneous target is covered within the same residual destruction code LZZ.GA.AH, which spans both skin and subcutaneous tissue by all unspecified destruction methods, making it wider than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "307107000", "display" : "Surgical extraction of non-impacted supernumerary tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.JK.AC", "display" : "Excision of tooth via incision", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.JK.AC covers any surgical excision of a tooth via incision, which encompasses the procedure, but does not capture the \"non-impacted\" or \"supernumerary\" specificity. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239449009", "display" : "Surgical manipulation of temporomandibular joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAJ.PA.AH", "display" : "Manipulation of head or neck joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for manipulation of the temporomandibular joint; MAJ.PA.AH covers all head and neck joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the TMJ." }] }, { "code" : "59000001", "display" : "Surgical pathology consultation and report on referred slides prepared elsewhere", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's Histopathology extension code is the only pathology-examination code available and covers histological examination in general, but it does not capture the consultation nature of reviewing externally prepared slides or the reporting activity specified in the SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "385488000", "display" : "Surgical procedure on chest wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAF", "display" : "Interventions on chest wall, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI block \"Interventions on chest wall, not otherwise specified\" covers the same anatomical target and is the closest available grouping, but it is a block (organisational grouping) rather than a specific assignable category code, and spans any type of intervention rather than surgical procedures specifically. A block-level assignment is appropriate here because the SNOMED concept is itself a broad category with no more specific unambiguous ICHI category code." }] }, { "code" : "373353005", "display" : "Surgical procedure on eye proper", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BZA", "display" : "Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single assignable category code representing \"surgical procedure on eye proper\" as a whole; the closest structural match is the block \"Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified,\" which covers surgical procedures on the eye when a more specific structure cannot be identified. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept because it also includes non-surgical and functional interventions." }] }, { "code" : "1230415001", "display" : "Surgical procedure on left eye region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-BZA", "display" : "Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not encode laterality within the main classification code itself (laterality is expressed via extension codes, e.g. appending the \"left side\" extension); the block \"Interventions on eye or eye functions, not elsewhere classified\" is the broadest appropriate grouping for an unspecified surgical procedure on the eye region. The ICHI block is wider because it covers all intervention types and both eyes, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies left laterality and a surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "232496002", "display" : "Surgical procedure on maxillary sinus", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-JAF", "display" : "Interventions on maxillary sinus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper for all surgical procedures on the maxillary sinus. ICHI's BlockL5-JAF is the corresponding organisational block that covers the full range of maxillary sinus interventions; no single category code captures the breadth of the SNOMED grouper, so the block is the best fit and is broader (includes non-surgical interventions such as specimen collection and imaging) than the strictly surgical SNOMED term." }] }, { "code" : "231686003", "display" : "Surgical procedure on orbit", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-BAM", "display" : "Interventions on orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept groups all surgical procedures on the orbit without specifying a particular action or technique. ICHI's BlockL5-BAM covers all interventions on the orbit (surgical and non-surgical), making it wider than the SNOMED concept; no single category code exists for an unspecified orbital surgical procedure, so the block is the most precise available match." }] }, { "code" : "1230416000", "display" : "Surgical procedure on right eye region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-BAA", "display" : "Interventions on the visual system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code or block for the \"eye region\" as a combined anatomical target; the closest encompassing block is BlockL3-BAA (Interventions on the visual system), which covers eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, orbit, and the eyeball itself — all structures composing the eye region. Laterality (right) can be expressed via an ICHI extension code, but no category or narrower block matches the full unspecified \"eye region\" concept." }] }, { "code" : "443641009", "display" : "Surgical procedure on skin of chest", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-LAB", "display" : "Interventions on skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not subdivide trunk skin by chest vs. abdomen vs. back — the finest available target for skin of chest is BlockL5-LAB, which covers all skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. This block is wider than the SNOMED concept because it includes skin across the entire trunk, not just the chest, and also encompasses non-surgical interventions." }] }, { "code" : "446576006", "display" : "Surgical procedure on vascular structure of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-EBC", "display" : "Interventions on adrenal gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for surgical procedures specifically on the vascular structures (adrenal artery/vein) of the adrenal gland — the adrenal vascular codes (e.g. XA9QC3 Inferior adrenal artery) are extension/entity codes, not assignable intervention categories. The closest assignable scope is the block \"Interventions on adrenal gland\" (BlockL5-EBC), which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus on the vascular structures specifically." }] }, { "code" : "274051007", "display" : "Surgical reduction of fracture", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LD.AA", "display" : "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering surgical (i.e. open) reduction of fracture at any bone site, which aligns best with MRB.LD.AA \"Open reduction of bone of unspecified site\"; however, ICHI is slightly wider in that \"unspecified site\" is a residual category, whereas ICHI also contains many site-specific open reduction codes that would be narrower — the unspecified-site code is the appropriate placeholder for the undifferentiated SNOMED parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "443398006", "display" : "Surgical removal of prosthetic implant from abdominal wall", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAB.JD.AA is the closest available code — it covers removal of an internal device from the trunk's skin and subcutaneous tissue, which encompasses the abdominal wall layer where a prosthetic implant (e.g., hernia mesh) would reside. The ICHI code is broader in that it covers any internal device or foreign body from the entire trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically the abdominal wall and specifically a prosthetic implant." }] }, { "code" : "6441000179108", "display" : "Surgical removal of sinus of natal cleft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A pilonidal/natal cleft sinus is a sinus tract within the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the sacrococcygeal/trunk region, and its surgical excision is a local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. No more specific ICHI code exists for pilonidal sinus excision; the code is broader in that it covers any local excision of trunk skin/subcutaneous tissue rather than being specific to the natal cleft sinus." }] }, { "code" : "17100006", "display" : "Surgical repair of artery of extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"repair of artery of extremity\" code spanning both upper and lower limb arteries; IZA.MK.AA is the residual \"repair of artery, not elsewhere classified\" code, which is broader than the SNOMED concept since it covers all arteries not classified elsewhere rather than being specific to extremity arteries." }] }, { "code" : "234676003", "display" : "Surgical repair of perforation of tooth root", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to tooth root perforation repair; \"Restoration of tooth\" (KAE.MK.AC) is the broader category covering repair/sealing of tooth defects including perforations, but encompasses many other restorative procedures not limited to perforation repair." }] }, { "code" : "278500000", "display" : "Surgical transposition of stomach", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of stomach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repositioning of stomach\" (KBF.LD.AA) covers the same anatomical target and the act of surgically moving the stomach to a new position, which is the core of transposition; however, it is broader because it encompasses any gastric repositioning (e.g., gastropexy) and does not specifically denote transposition into a different body cavity such as the chest." }] }, { "code" : "59446006", "display" : "Suture of anal sphincter", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to the anal sphincter muscle; \"Repair of anus\" (KBX.MK.AA) is the closest available code, covering repair procedures in the anus and anal canal region. It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it encompasses all anus repair types, not specifically sphincter suture/sphincterorrhaphy." }] }, { "code" : "88626007", "display" : "Suture of bursa", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated bursa code in its procedure hierarchy (bursa appears only as an extension/anatomical entity code XA16K5); the closest procedural match is repair of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than the specific concept of bursa suture." }] }, { "code" : "75793007", "display" : "Suture of capsule of upper extremity", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of joint of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has site-specific joint repair codes for shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, and hand, but no single code covering \"capsule of upper extremity\" as a collective target. MRJ.MK.AA is selected as the best available match; it is broader because it does not specify the upper extremity and \"repair of joint\" encompasses more than suturing the capsule alone." }] }, { "code" : "473236004", "display" : "Suture of cesarean wound for dehiscence", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.MK.AA covers repair of the uterus broadly, which encompasses suture of a dehisced cesarean wound, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific indication (dehiscence) or technique (suture), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "82643002", "display" : "Suture of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBA.MK.AA represents repair of the conjunctiva, which semantically covers suturing as the primary repair method, but the ICHI code is wider in that it does not specify suture as the technique and could encompass other repair modalities." }] }, { "code" : "287315009", "display" : "Suture of diaphragm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.MK.AA captures repair of the diaphragm and is the best available ICHI match, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not constrain the repair to suture as the means and could include other repair techniques." }] }, { "code" : "439494001", "display" : "Suture of digital nerve of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.MK.AA is the closest ICHI match — digital nerves of the foot are peripheral nerves and repair/suture is captured by the MK action — but the code is broader because it covers all peripheral nerves without distinguishing the specific digital nerves of the foot or the suture technique." }] }, { "code" : "439705009", "display" : "Suture of digital nerve of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Digital nerves of the hand are peripheral nerves and ACA.MK.AA is the best available code, but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish the anatomical sub-location (hand digits) or the suture technique from other peripheral nerve repair methods." }] }, { "code" : "36811004", "display" : "Suture of extraocular muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "BDA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of extraocular muscle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Repair of extraocular muscle\" covers the correct target and operative intent, but \"repair\" is broader than suture specifically — it could also encompass other repair techniques. This is the most precise ICHI code available for this procedure." }] }, { "code" : "7418001", "display" : "Suture of fascia to skeletal attachment of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the best-matching ICHI code: it covers the hand/finger region and includes fascia repair. However, \"repair of ligament or fascia\" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suturing fascia to a skeletal (bony) attachment point." }] }, { "code" : "234919002", "display" : "Suture of floor of mouth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated floor-of-mouth repair code; the nearest fit is the residual \"Repair of oral cavity, NEC\" category, which encompasses the floor of mouth but applies to any oral cavity site not classified elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "173347007", "display" : "Suture of gingiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Repair of gum\" maps well to the correct anatomical site (gingiva/gum) and operative intent, but the ICHI action MK (repair) is broader than suture specifically, as repair could include other closure or reconstruction techniques." }] }, { "code" : "40836001", "display" : "Suture of great vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes \"suture\" (primary closure) as a form of repair under action MK; named great-vessel repair codes exist (aortic root, pulmonary vein), but none covers \"great vessel\" generically, so IZE.MK.AA is the best available code. It is broader because it is not restricted to great vessels and does not distinguish suture from other repair techniques." }] }, { "code" : "74051009", "display" : "Suture of hamstring muscle rupture, primary", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of muscle of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to hamstring suture or rupture repair; MLM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of muscle of the thigh (the anatomical region of the hamstring), which is the closest available code. It is broader because it encompasses any reconstructive procedure on thigh muscle rather than specifically primary suture repair of a hamstring rupture." }] }, { "code" : "359591002", "display" : "Suture of laceration of duodenum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBI.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of duodenum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for suture/closure of a duodenal laceration; KBI.ML.AA (reconstruction of duodenum, open) is the closest available code encompassing surgical repair of duodenal wall defects. It is broader because \"reconstruction\" covers a range of procedures beyond primary laceration suture." }] }, { "code" : "708790006", "display" : "Suture of laceration of lip", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.MK.AA represents open repair of the lip, which directly corresponds to the clinical act of suturing a lip laceration. It is coded as wider because \"repair of lip\" encompasses any repair technique and is not restricted to suture of a laceration specifically." }] }, { "code" : "82104002", "display" : "Suture of laceration of salivary gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of salivary gland or duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAM.MK.AA captures open surgical repair of the salivary gland or duct, which aligns with the intent of suturing a salivary gland laceration. It is wider because it covers both gland and duct repairs using any repair technique, not exclusively suture of a laceration." }] }, { "code" : "708626003", "display" : "Suture of laceration of scrotum and tunica vaginalis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of scrotum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGG.MK.AA covers repair of scrotum generally, which aligns with scrotal laceration suture, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies involvement of the tunica vaginalis — a distinct structure for which ICHI has no combined repair code — making the ICHI code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1137341005", "display" : "Suture of laceration of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.MK.AC (Repair of tongue) captures the same anatomical target and restorative intent as suturing a tongue laceration, but it is broader because it encompasses any repair method and indication, not just suture of a laceration specifically." }] }, { "code" : "708635005", "display" : "Suture of laceration of vas deferens and epididymis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGD.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code — it covers repair within the spermatic cord block, which includes the vas deferens — but the SNOMED concept also specifies the epididymis (a separate structure) and restricts the method to suture of a laceration, making the ICHI code broader and anatomically less precise." }] }, { "code" : "46485008", "display" : "Suture of ligament of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MML.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligaments of knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MML.MK.AA matches the anatomical target and restorative purpose precisely, but \"repair\" in ICHI is broader than \"suture\" alone (it could include other repair techniques), and ICHI does not distinguish between specific knee ligaments, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "26050006", "display" : "Suture of old obstetrical laceration of vagina", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of vagina via transvaginal approach", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.MK.AC covers repair of the vagina via transvaginal approach, which aligns with the surgical action and site; however, ICHI does not distinguish between obstetrical versus non-obstetrical aetiology or acute versus delayed (\"old\") repair, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "67542001", "display" : "Suture of periosteum of phalanges of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MGB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of hand", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated repair/suture code for periosteum of the hand — the bone of hand/finger block contains no MK (repair) action category. The parent block covering all musculoskeletal structures of the hand is the closest assignable grouping, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "47329006", "display" : "Suture of periosteum of vertebra", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No MK (repair) action code exists for vertebral periosteum anywhere in the vertebral column section of ICHI; the specific vertebral column block is the most appropriate grouping available, but it is far broader than suturing the periosteum of a vertebra." }] }, { "code" : "28961007", "display" : "Suture of skin wound of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies suture (a specific repair technique) of skin of a limb, while ICHI captures \"repair\" of skin and subcutaneous tissue at an unspecified site — limb-specific codes exist (LAE/LAG) but cannot resolve the ambiguity of upper vs. lower limb, so the NEC code is used and is broader in both technique and location." }] }, { "code" : "50594003", "display" : "Suture of subcutaneous tissue without skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups skin and subcutaneous tissue repair together under MK (repair) with no separate subcutaneous-only category, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically targets subcutaneous tissue alone without a skin graft; no site is specified in the SNOMED term, so the NEC code is appropriate." }] }, { "code" : "68833003", "display" : "Suture of sympathetic ganglion", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sympathetic nervous system block in ICHI only contains excision and anaesthetic injection categories — no repair or suture action code exists for sympathetic ganglia. The residual unspecified category for the sympathetic nervous system is the only available code and is substantially broader than the specific SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "37848002", "display" : "Suture of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for suture/repair of the tendon sheath (the synovial sleeve around the tendon); MRT.MK.AA covers repair of the tendon itself at an unspecified site, which is the closest structural match but broader because it targets the tendon rather than its sheath and encompasses any repair technique beyond suturing alone." }] }, { "code" : "63690003", "display" : "Suture of thoracic duct by cervical approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lymphatic vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated thoracic duct suture code; the thoracic duct block (DFP) contains only fistula closure and occlusion codes. DFO.MK.AA (repair of lymphatic vessels, unspecified) is the nearest match, but it is broader — it does not specify the thoracic duct as target or the cervical surgical approach." }] }, { "code" : "40672006", "display" : "Suture of thoracic duct by thoracic approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFO.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of lymphatic vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code captures direct suture of the thoracic duct; DFO.MK.AA is the closest available code, but it is anatomically non-specific and does not encode the thoracic (thoracoscopic or open thoracic) approach." }] }, { "code" : "440303005", "display" : "Suture of tongue to lip for micrognathia", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.LC.AC", "display" : "Fixation of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suturing the tongue to the lip to relieve airway obstruction in micrognathia (glossopexy) is a tongue fixation procedure, and KAB.LC.AC is the only ICHI code that captures this functional intent; it is broader because it does not specify the lip as the fixation point, the suture technique, or the indication of micrognathia." }] }, { "code" : "9191009", "display" : "Suture of tonsillar fossa", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAR.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of oral pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for suture of the tonsillar fossa specifically, and the tonsil block (DAA) contains no repair or closure code. The tonsillar fossa is anatomically part of the lateral wall of the oropharynx, so KAR.MK.AA (repair of oral pharynx) is the closest available match, though it is broader in both site and technique." }] }, { "code" : "40011006", "display" : "Suture of uvula", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for suture of the uvula; KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate) sits in the \"Interventions on soft palate\" block that covers the uvula (the uvula is an appendage of the soft palate), but the code covers the entire soft palate rather than the uvula specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "473378008", "display" : "Suture plication of artery by transanal approach for control of anorectal hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LA.AA", "display" : "Control of bleeding of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code capturing suture plication of an artery via transanal approach for anorectal hemorrhage; KBW.LA.AA is the closest available code, covering the same clinical goal but without specifying the surgical technique, the vessel targeted, or the transanal approach." }] }, { "code" : "473276009", "display" : "Suture plication of artery for control of rectal hemorrhage", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.LA.AA", "display" : "Control of bleeding of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for open surgical suture plication of an artery for rectal hemorrhage; KBW.LA.AA (Control of bleeding of rectum) covers the same clinical objective but without capturing the specific surgical technique (suture plication of artery), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "417709003", "display" : "Sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.ML.AA", "display" : "Insertion of prosthetic lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.ML.AA covers insertion of a prosthetic lens in general (within the \"Interventions on lens\" block under the visual system), but does not specify the posterior chamber location or the suture-fixation technique. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "449179005", "display" : "Suturing of capsule of interphalangeal joint of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.MK.AA represents repair of any finger or hand joint structure, which encompasses capsule suturing of an interphalangeal joint but is broader — it does not specify the capsule, the suture method, or the interphalangeal joint subtype (proximal vs. distal)." }] }, { "code" : "447735009", "display" : "Suturing of capsule of metacarpophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGJ.MK.AA covers repair of any finger or hand joint and is the best available match; ICHI does not distinguish metacarpophalangeal joint capsule repair from other repair procedures within this joint group, making the code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448806005", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBX.MK.AA covers repair of the anus broadly and is the closest available ICHI code; it does not specify suturing, the laceration aetiology, or distinguish from other repair types, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "446288009", "display" : "Suturing of laceration of gingiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAG.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of gum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAG.MK.AC represents repair of the gum (gingiva) as a whole without specifying suturing of a laceration, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept; it is nonetheless the closest available ICHI code within the \"Interventions on gingiva\" block." }] }, { "code" : "448112002", "display" : "Suturing of ligament of interphalangeal joint of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.MK.AA covers repair of any ligament or fascia of the hand or finger, which encompasses suturing of a ligament at the interphalangeal joint. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the interphalangeal joint or the suturing technique specifically." }] }, { "code" : "448111009", "display" : "Suturing of ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ligament or fascia of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGL.MK.AA is the best available ICHI code for repair of ligaments in the hand/finger region, which encompasses the metacarpophalangeal joint. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all ligament/fascia repair of the hand or finger without distinguishing the specific joint." }] }, { "code" : "446937004", "display" : "Suturing of scalp", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAA.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, which encompasses suturing of the scalp as the most common form of scalp repair. The ICHI code is broader as it includes the entire head/neck region and all repair modalities, not just suturing of the scalp specifically." }] }, { "code" : "313513005", "display" : "Sweat weight measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for sweat weight measurement (a gravimetric test of sudomotor/eccrine gland output); LT2.AC.ZZ covers functional testing of skin in general, making it broader than this specific sweat-quantification test. No sweat-specific measurement code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "439523004", "display" : "Sympathectomy of digital artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to periarterial sympathectomy (stripping sympathetic nerve fibres from an arterial wall) of the digital artery; the closest available code covers partial excision of the upper limb artery broadly, which is wider than this specific digital artery periarterial nerve-stripping procedure." }] }, { "code" : "439998005", "display" : "Sympathectomy of radial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a dedicated code for periarterial sympathectomy of the radial artery specifically; ICA.JJ.AA (partial excision of artery of upper limb) is the best available anatomically-targeted code but is considerably broader, covering the entire upper limb artery category rather than the radial artery alone." }] }, { "code" : "287246006", "display" : "Sympathetic nerve divided", "target" : [{ "code" : "ADA.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on sympathetic nervous system, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nerve division (transection) is functionally equivalent to partial excision in ICHI terms, but no specific site is stated, so region-specific codes cannot be assigned. ADA.ZZ.ZZ covers all unspecified sympathetic nervous system interventions and is broader than this specific operative act." }] }, { "code" : "1186622005", "display" : "Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - pressure-control pressure-support inflation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's only ventilation intervention code is JTB.DE.AC \"Artificial ventilation,\" which encompasses all modes of mechanical ventilation including SIMV with pressure-control pressure-support; the ICHI code is considerably broader, making no distinction between ventilation modes." }] }, { "code" : "1186621003", "display" : "Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation - volume control pressure-support inflation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JTB.DE.AC \"Artificial ventilation\" is the single ICHI code for all mechanical ventilatory support and subsumes this specific SIMV volume-control pressure-support mode without differentiating it from other ventilation strategies." }] }, { "code" : "229227007", "display" : "Tactile awareness work", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of touch functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Tactile awareness work\" is a specific occupational therapy/rehabilitation technique focused on developing tactile perception, which falls within the ICHI concept of training touch functions. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any training of touch functions, not specifically \"awareness\" approaches." }] }, { "code" : "234751009", "display" : "Take impression for inlay", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Restoration of tooth\" is the best available ICHI code because an inlay is a form of dental restoration; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the impression-taking preparatory step rather than the full restoration procedure." }] }, { "code" : "234773002", "display" : "Take impression for labial gingival veneer", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A labial gingival veneer is a restorative dental procedure, and \"Restoration of tooth\" is the closest available ICHI code; it is wider than the SNOMED concept, which specifies only the impression-taking step for this particular veneer type rather than the full restoration workflow." }] }, { "code" : "234753007", "display" : "Take impression for post core", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Taking a dental impression for a post-and-core build-up is a preparatory step within tooth restoration; ICHI has no specific \"dental impression\" code, and the closest contextually appropriate code is restoration of tooth, which encompasses the broader restorative procedure that the impression serves." }] }, { "code" : "234755000", "display" : "Take impression for removable orthodontic appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Taking a dental impression for a removable orthodontic appliance is a diagnostic/preparatory step in the workflow of fitting and managing external tooth appliances; ICHI has no impression-specific code, and \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" is the closest encompassing code covering removable orthodontic device care." }] }, { "code" : "234769000", "display" : "Take impression for sleep apnea appliance", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A mandibular advancement device for sleep apnea is a removable dental appliance, and taking the impression is a preparatory step in its fitting; ICHI offers no sleep-apnea-specific or impression-specific dental code, making \"Management of external appliance of tooth\" the broadest reasonable fit." }] }, { "code" : "234768008", "display" : "Take impression for speech aid", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A speech aid (palatal lift or similar intraoral device) is a dental appliance, and taking the impression is the initial step before its application; ICHI does not have a dedicated impression or speech-aid code, and \"Application of dental device\" is the most relevant broader category available." }] }, { "code" : "234767003", "display" : "Take impression for speech bulb", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.LC.AC", "display" : "Application of dental device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A speech bulb (palatal obturator prosthesis for velopharyngeal insufficiency) is a dental/oral device, and impression-taking is its fabrication prerequisite; as with other speech prosthetic impressions, ICHI subsumes this under the broader \"Application of dental device\" code as no more specific match exists." }] }, { "code" : "315045009", "display" : "Taking aspirin education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAC.PM.ZZ covers education about medications in general, which is broader than the SNOMED concept specifying education specifically about aspirin (a single drug). ICHI has no narrower code for education about a specific medication." }] }, { "code" : "82856007", "display" : "Taking neurologic vital signs", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Neurological assessment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Taking neurologic vital signs (GCS, pupil response, motor strength, etc.) is a specific subset of neurological assessment; AZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code but covers all neurological assessments, making it broader than the focused vital-sign-taking activity described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "425058005", "display" : "Taking orthostatic vital signs", "target" : [{ "code" : "ITA.AB.AH", "display" : "Measurement of blood pressure", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Orthostatic vital signs involve serial blood pressure (and pulse) measurements in lying, sitting, and standing positions; ITA.AB.AH (Measurement of blood pressure) is the best available ICHI code but is broader, as it does not encode the positional/orthostatic protocol, and pulse measurement is not captured." }] }, { "code" : "410188000", "display" : "Taking patient vital signs assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Taking patient vital signs assessment\" is a specific structured clinical act covering a defined set of physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respirations, SpO2), whereas PZB.AA.ZZ \"General health assessment\" is broader, covering any whole-person assessment. No ICHI code specifically represents a multi-parameter vital signs assessment bundle." }] }, { "code" : "410190004", "display" : "Taking patient vital signs management", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vital signs management\" implies ongoing monitoring and clinical decision-making around vital parameters, which maps most closely to PZB.AA.ZZ as a general whole-person assessment action; no ICHI code captures the management/monitoring dimension of a vital signs encounter specifically, making this a wider and approximate fit." }] }, { "code" : "312881002", "display" : "Taking skin swab", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for skin swab or surface/dermal specimen collection; the closest available category is PZX.AH.ZZ \"Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified,\" which covers specimen collection from any site not specifically enumerated, making it broader than the specific SNOMED skin swab concept." }] }, { "code" : "312876006", "display" : "Taking urethral swab", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI urethra block (NAM) contains no specimen collection code, and no urethral swab-specific code exists elsewhere in ICHI; PZX.AH.ZZ \"Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified\" is the only applicable category, capturing the specimen collection action but without the urethral site specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "90273005", "display" : "Talectomy for foot stabilization", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of bone of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Talectomy is the total excision (ostectomy) of the talus, a specific bone of the foot. MOB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of any bone of the foot or toe, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the talus specifically and the indication (foot stabilization)." }] }, { "code" : "274960001", "display" : "Talma omentopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.LC.AA", "display" : "Omentopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Talma omentopexy is a specific historical technique of omentopexy (suturing the omentum to the abdominal wall to promote collateral circulation), which maps well to KMA.LC.AA. The ICHI code covers omentopexy generally without specifying the Talma technique, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "64861002", "display" : "Talma-Morison operation, omentopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.LC.AA", "display" : "Omentopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Talma-Morison operation is an eponymous name for omentopexy, the same procedure as concept 274960001. KMA.LC.AA (Omentopexy) is the correct mapping but is broader as it does not capture the specific eponymous surgical technique described in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "724161009", "display" : "Tamoxifen therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAC.RD.ZZ", "display" : "Providing medications", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used as pharmacological therapy; ICHI has no specific code for tamoxifen or endocrine/hormonal cancer therapy. UAC.RD.ZZ (Providing medications) is the closest available code, but is far broader than the specific tamoxifen regimen described by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "401209001", "display" : "Tandem gait test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVG.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of gait pattern", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The tandem gait test is a specific neurological/balance assessment where the patient walks heel-to-toe in a straight line. MVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern) is the most precise available ICHI code and covers this well, but is broader as it encompasses any gait pattern test rather than the specific tandem walk method." }] }, { "code" : "252955002", "display" : "Tanner bone age assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tanner bone age assessment is a specific radiographic method using hand/wrist X-rays interpreted against Tanner standards to determine skeletal maturity; ICHI has no dedicated bone age assessment code, and MZZ.BA.BA captures the radiographic modality on the musculoskeletal system but is broader, lacking the assessment/interpretation and specific anatomical site dimensions." }] }, { "code" : "70711000052105", "display" : "Tanner-Whitehouse 2 bone age assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TW2 is a specific validated scoring method applied to hand/wrist radiographs; like the parent Tanner concept, no ICHI code exists for bone age assessment specifically, and MZZ.BA.BA is the best available approximation covering the radiographic component but is substantially broader and omits the structured scoring methodology." }] }, { "code" : "70721000052102", "display" : "Tanner-Whitehouse 2 RUS (radius-ulna-short bones) bone age assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The TW2 RUS variant specifically scores the radius, ulna and short bones of the hand, making it even more granular than the general TW2 method; ICHI has separate codes for forearm bone X-ray (MFB.BA.BA) and hand bone X-ray (MGB.BA.BA) but neither captures the combined multi-site radiographic scoring, so MZZ.BA.BA NEC remains the best available fit." }] }, { "code" : "70731000052100", "display" : "Tanner-Whitehouse 3 bone age assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BA", "display" : "X-ray of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TW3 is the updated revision of the Tanner-Whitehouse bone age scoring method applied to hand/wrist radiographs; as with TW2, no ICHI code exists for this specific assessment methodology, and MZZ.BA.BA is the closest available code covering radiographic imaging of the musculoskeletal system without the assessment/interpretation or method-specific granularity." }] }, { "code" : "73924003", "display" : "Tarsal tunnel release", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tarsal tunnel release specifically decompresses the tibial nerve by dividing the flexor retinaculum at the medial ankle, while ACA.FC.AA covers release of any peripheral nerve at any site. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the tibial nerve or the ankle/tarsal location." }] }, { "code" : "14792009", "display" : "Tattooing", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tattooing (medical or cosmetic) involves injecting pigment into the dermal layer, which is captured mechanistically by LZZ.DB.AE, but this code is broader as it applies to any injected substance into any skin site without specifying pigment/tattooing intent or body region." }] }, { "code" : "417679006", "display" : "Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte bowel scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KZZ.BA.BE captures nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, which matches the bowel target and nuclear medicine modality of this scan, but it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO radiolabelled leukocyte tracer, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "416112003", "display" : "Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte hip scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLJ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of hip joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLJ.BA.BE accurately identifies nuclear imaging of the hip joint, matching both the anatomical target and imaging modality, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO radiolabelled leukocyte tracer used." }] }, { "code" : "416197005", "display" : "Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte knee scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers any nuclear imaging study of the knee joint and is the most specific available code for this procedure's anatomical target (knee). It is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the Tc-99m HMPAO-labelled leukocyte tracer or the infection-detection purpose." }] }, { "code" : "417464007", "display" : "Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime leukocyte scan", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This whole-body labelled leukocyte scan has no anatomically specific target, so the closest ICHI code is the whole-body radioisotope scan. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for labelled leukocyte scintigraphy, making this a broader match that omits the specific tracer and clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "241412004", "display" : "Tc99m granulocyte (phagocytosis) study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tc-99m granulocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body radioisotope scan using radiolabelled granulocytes; ICHI has no specific code for this tracer or phagocytosis-based technique, so the whole-body radioisotope scan code is the best available match, though broader." }] }, { "code" : "241411006", "display" : "Tc99m mixed leukocyte study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tc-99m mixed leukocyte scintigraphy is a whole-body nuclear medicine study for which ICHI has no dedicated code; the whole-body radioisotope scan captures the imaging modality and anatomical scope but is broader, omitting the specific cell-labelling technique." }] }, { "code" : "303867000", "display" : "Tc99m-labeled colloid liver study - static", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.BA.BE", "display" : "Liver scan and radioisotope function study", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.BA.BE explicitly covers liver scan and radioisotope function studies, directly corresponding to a Tc-99m colloid liver scan. It is slightly broader because it does not specify the static acquisition technique or the colloid tracer specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241391008", "display" : "Tc99m-MIBI parathyroid study", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE covers parathyroid radionuclide scanning broadly, while the SNOMED concept specifies the Tc99m-MIBI (sestamibi) radiopharmaceutical agent — a particular technique within parathyroid scanning. The ICHI code does not distinguish between different radiotracer agents, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "445641000124105", "display" : "Technical nutrition education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UAB.PM.ZZ covers education about food as an environmental/health intervention target, which aligns with structured nutritional education delivered to patients. The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the \"technical\" (clinician-delivered, formal dietary instruction) specificity implied by the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "314849005", "display" : "Telephone contact by consultant", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG6UP2", "display" : "Intervention performed with advice or assistance provided from a distant location", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG6UP2 is an ICHI Telehealth extension code covering any intervention delivered with advice or assistance from a distant location, which encompasses telephone contact by a consultant but is broader as it covers all remote modalities and provider types, not just telephone-based specialist contact." }] }, { "code" : "43988005", "display" : "Temporary tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Tracheostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a single code for tracheostomy without distinguishing temporary vs. permanent intent; JBA.LI.AA is the closest assignable code and covers the procedure itself, but is broader because it does not capture the temporary nature specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "57944009", "display" : "Tendon pulley reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to pulley reconstruction, but tendon pulley reconstruction is almost exclusively a hand/finger procedure (annular pulleys of the flexor tendon sheath), and MGT.ML.AA covers reconstruction of tendon structures of the hand or finger. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all types of tendon reconstruction at that site rather than specifically pulley reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "178146006", "display" : "Tendon transfer to extensor tendon of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGT.LJ.AA directly covers tendon transfer procedures of the hand or finger, which matches the procedure type and anatomical site well. It is wider because ICHI does not distinguish the specific recipient tendon (extensor vs. flexor) targeted in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "222544006", "display" : "Tenectomy of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.JJ.AA", "display" : "Tenonectomy of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenonectomy (partial or complete excision of a tendon) is the closest ICHI concept to tenectomy of tendon sheath; however, ICHI's MRT.JJ.AA does not distinguish the sheath from the tendon body itself, and the unspecified site means anatomic specificity is lost, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "66583008", "display" : "Tenorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tenorrhaphy (suture repair of a tendon) maps well to \"Repair of tendon\" in ICHI, as MK (repair/suture) is the standard action for this procedure; the code is wider because it does not specify a body site and \"repair\" in ICHI can encompass methods beyond simple suture." }] }, { "code" : "14194004", "display" : "Tenotomy of adductor of hip, subcutaneous, open, with obturator neurectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKT.FA.AA", "display" : "Tenotomy of pelvic region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKT.FA.AA is the only ICHI code for tenotomy in the hip/pelvic region and matches the primary procedure well, but it is broader because it omits the concurrent obturator neurectomy component and does not capture the subcutaneous open approach as a distinct feature." }] }, { "code" : "182705007", "display" : "Tension pneumothorax relief", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tension pneumothorax relief is typically performed by needle decompression — a percutaneous procedure on the pleural cavity to evacuate trapped air — which maps to percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses drainage of any pleural cavity content (fluid or air) and any clinical indication, not specifically tension pneumothorax." }] }, { "code" : "385729007", "display" : "Terminal care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "General health assessment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific terminal care or end-of-life assessment code; the broadest relevant match is general health assessment of the whole person (PZB.AA.ZZ), which is the assessment action applied to a patient holistically. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any general health assessment irrespective of terminal/palliative context." }] }, { "code" : "71773009", "display" : "Test for Nikolsky's sign", "target" : [{ "code" : "LT2.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of skin functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Nikolsky's sign is a specific bedside clinical test of skin fragility/cohesion (a skin function), but ICHI has no dedicated code for this eponymous test. LT2.AC.ZZ (Test of skin functions, NEC) is the closest match — it covers testing of skin functions under the integumentary system block, making the ICHI code broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252696001", "display" : "Test of the limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code specific to examination or testing of a limb as a whole; MZZ.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the musculoskeletal system NEC, which is the closest structural match, but is broader in scope (entire musculoskeletal system, not limb-specific) and uses \"assessment\" rather than \"test.\"" }] }, { "code" : "163382007", "display" : "Testicular self-examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Testicular self-examination is a cancer screening self-check behaviour; ICHI does not model patient self-examination as a clinical act, but VDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours) captures the clinical context most precisely — instructing/educating a patient to perform testicular self-examination is the interventional act a clinician performs. The ICHI code is broader as it covers all screening behaviour education, not testicle-specific self-exam." }] }, { "code" : "167212004", "display" : "Tetracosactrin test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for an ACTH stimulation/cosyntropin (tetracosactrin) test specifically; the closest concept is ETK.AA.ZZ, which covers assessment of endocrine gland functions in general. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any endocrine function assessment, not specifically the adrenal cortex response to synthetic ACTH." }] }, { "code" : "90287005", "display" : "Thalamectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a thalamus-specific surgical code; the brain intervention block (BlockL5-AAA) only codes at the level of the whole brain. AAA.GA.AA (destruction of lesion or tissue of brain) is the closest functional equivalent to thalamectomy, but it is broader because it applies to any brain target rather than specifically the thalamus." }] }, { "code" : "241390009", "display" : "Thallium 201 parathyroid study", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE covers any parathyroid nuclear imaging scan and is a close match; however, the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radionuclide (thallium-201 vs. Tc-99m sestamibi, etc.), whereas the SNOMED concept names the specific isotope and therefore carries more granular detail." }] }, { "code" : "288127000", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration - nervous system", "target" : [{ "code" : "AZZ.ZZ.ZZ", "display" : "Interventions on the nervous system or mental functions, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for therapeutic aspiration anywhere in the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, meninges); ICHI has no single \"aspiration of nervous system\" category, so the NEC residual for the entire nervous system chapter is used. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all nervous system interventions, not just aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "265606003", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration of hydrocele", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of testes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hydrocele is a fluid collection in the tunica vaginalis of the testis, and therapeutic aspiration of it is captured under the testis interventions block; ICHI's own terminology uses \"aspiration\" for this code, making it the closest match. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it covers any percutaneous aspiration of the testis, not exclusively hydrocele aspiration." }] }, { "code" : "182528006", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration of hygroma", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A hygroma (cystic hygroma / lymphatic hygroma) is a cystic lymphatic malformation, making the lymphatic structure NEC drainage code the best anatomical match in ICHI; the ICHI code is wider as it covers drainage of any unspecified lymphatic structure by any approach, not exclusively needle aspiration of hygroma." }] }, { "code" : "174474002", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Therapeutic aspiration of the liver is performed percutaneously and is semantically equivalent to percutaneous drainage; ICHI uses the broader term \"drainage\" which encompasses needle aspiration and does not restrict the indication to therapeutic use." }] }, { "code" : "274434007", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JB.AE", "display" : "Puncture of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"aspiration of lung\" or \"percutaneous drainage of lung parenchyma\" code; \"Puncture of lung\" (percutaneous approach, lung parenchyma target) is the closest structural match, but it covers both diagnostic and therapeutic puncture and does not distinguish aspiration from simple puncture." }] }, { "code" : "274432006", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Percutaneous drainage of ovary\" is the direct structural equivalent for therapeutic aspiration of the ovary; the ICHI term \"drainage\" is slightly broader than \"aspiration\" and does not restrict to therapeutic intent, making the ICHI code marginally wider." }] }, { "code" : "288130007", "display" : "Therapeutic aspiration prostatic abscess", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous aspiration of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI explicitly uses \"aspiration\" of the prostate via a percutaneous approach, which matches the procedure well; the ICHI code is wider because it applies to any percutaneous prostatic aspiration (not just abscess drainage), while the SNOMED concept is limited to the specific indication of a prostatic abscess." }] }, { "code" : "398765001", "display" : "Therapeutic barium enema for reduction of intussusception", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBP.LD.AC", "display" : "Reduction of colon by enema", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the reduction-by-enema mechanism applied to the colon, which aligns with the ileocolic intussusception scenario, but does not specify barium as the medium nor the underlying condition (intussusception), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171791003", "display" : "Therapeutic cervical epidural injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI targets the spinal canal (which contains the epidural space) with anaesthetic injection, but does not distinguish the cervical level or confirm epidural vs. intrathecal placement, making it broader than the level-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171788003", "display" : "Therapeutic lumbar epidural injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's spinal canal injection code is the closest available match, but it does not distinguish the lumbar level or confirm epidural (vs. intrathecal) placement, making it broader than the level-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "179275000", "display" : "Therapeutic percutaneous puncture of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code matches on target (bone, unspecified site) and means (percutaneous, AE), but action AD denotes biopsy — a diagnostic tissue-sampling puncture — whereas the SNOMED concept is explicitly therapeutic (e.g. intraosseous access or aspiration for treatment). No dedicated therapeutic percutaneous bone puncture code exists in ICHI, so this is the closest available code and is broader than the SNOMED intent." }] }, { "code" : "74768004", "display" : "Therapeutic phlebotomy at bedside", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no venesection or therapeutic phlebotomy code; DIA.JH.AF covers deliberate removal of blood from a patient, which is the operative mechanism of therapeutic phlebotomy, but is broader because it also encompasses non-therapeutic blood collection and does not encode the bedside setting or therapeutic intent." }] }, { "code" : "27932008", "display" : "Therapeutic phlebotomy in laboratory", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JH.AF", "display" : "Collection of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish setting (laboratory vs bedside) nor therapeutic vs non-therapeutic blood removal, so DIA.JH.AF is the best available code but is broader than the SNOMED phlebotomy concept." }] }, { "code" : "225067007", "display" : "Therapeutic plasma exchange", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.JC.AF", "display" : "Therapeutic apheresis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Therapeutic plasma exchange is the predominant and prototypical form of apheresis, and the ICHI code is explicitly therapeutic, making this a close match; however, therapeutic apheresis also encompasses leukapheresis, plateletpheresis, and other component-removal procedures, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "171789006", "display" : "Therapeutic sacral epidural injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The sacral epidural space is the caudal portion of the spinal canal, and the percutaneous approach (AE) fits. ICHI is broader because the code covers injection into any level of the spinal canal, not specifically the sacral/caudal epidural space, and does not distinguish therapeutic from anaesthetic injections." }] }, { "code" : "449229004", "display" : "Therapeutic suctioning of trachea via tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JZZ.JB.AC", "display" : "Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to suctioning performed via a tracheostomy stoma; JZZ.JB.AC is the NEC airway-suctioning residual category that covers this route, but it is broader because it encompasses any unclassified airway suctioning method." }] }, { "code" : "10763001", "display" : "Therapeutic termination of pregnancy by insertion of laminaria", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.LH.AC", "display" : "Dilatation of cervical canal with insertion of device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Insertion of laminaria (a hygroscopic cervical dilator) achieves slow mechanical dilation of the cervical canal with the laminaria itself serving as the inserted device, making this code a close structural match. ICHI is broader because the code is not restricted to the context of termination of pregnancy and covers any cervical dilation with device insertion regardless of indication." }] }, { "code" : "171790002", "display" : "Therapeutic thoracic epidural injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ABG.DB.AE covers injection into the spinal canal by percutaneous approach, which encompasses the epidural space, but the ICHI code does not specify the thoracic level or the therapeutic (vs anaesthetic/destructive) agent class, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1366527001", "display" : "Therapeutic transforaminal epidural injection of spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated transforaminal epidural code; ABG.DB.AE (percutaneous injection into spinal canal) is the closest available code but does not capture the transforaminal route or the selective nerve root targeting, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "305096000", "display" : "Therapeutic upper limb stretching", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of joint mobility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Upper limb stretching is a ROM/flexibility technique that operates primarily through joint mobility, and MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility) is the closest functional rehabilitation code available; however, it covers all joints/body regions and does not encode the upper limb specificity or the stretching technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311649007", "display" : "Therapy to promote consonant-vowel combinations", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of articulation functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Consonant-vowel combination therapy is a specific early-speech articulation intervention that falls squarely within the ICHI domain of articulation function training (JUD.PH.ZZ); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the phonological target (CV combinations) or the developmental/therapeutic framing of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311629003", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of complex phrases", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving spoken messages broadly, which encompasses recognising complex phrases, but ICHI does not distinguish the linguistic complexity level (complex vs. simple phrases). The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311631007", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of complex sentences", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with complex phrases, SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving any spoken messages and does not capture the specific focus on complex sentence structures, making the ICHI code broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311627001", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of concrete words", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SEA.PH.ZZ addresses training in receiving spoken messages without differentiating word-level targets or the concrete/abstract dimension, so it is broader than this SNOMED concept which targets single concrete vocabulary items." }] }, { "code" : "311633005", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of conversation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SGA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in having a conversation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SGA.PH.ZZ is the closest match because the SNOMED concept explicitly targets comprehension of conversational discourse, and ICHI's training in having a conversation covers the conversational modality; however, ICHI includes both receptive and expressive dimensions of conversation, making it broader than the purely receptive focus of this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311635003", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of humor", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUH.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of higher-level cognitive functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Humor comprehension is a higher-order pragmatic and cognitive skill (theory of mind, inferencing, non-literal language), making AUH.PH.ZZ (training of higher-level cognitive functions) the best available ICHI code; it is broader because it encompasses many cognitive domains beyond humor recognition specifically." }] }, { "code" : "311632000", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of long paragraphs", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept targets a specific sub-task of auditory/receptive language therapy (comprehending long paragraphs) whereas ICHI's SEA.PH.ZZ covers training in receiving spoken messages broadly, without any distinction by linguistic unit length." }] }, { "code" : "311637006", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of paralinguistic aspects of speech", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Paralinguistic aspects (tone, prosody, stress, intonation) are conveyed through the spoken channel, so SEA.PH.ZZ (training in receiving spoken messages) is the closest available code; however it does not distinguish paralinguistic content from literal verbal content, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "311636002", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of sarcasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sarcasm comprehension is a pragmatic/social-cognitive skill embedded in processing spoken language; ICHI has no code for pragmatic inference or non-literal language, so SEA.PH.ZZ (training in receiving spoken messages) is the best fit, albeit much broader than this specific pragmatic sub-skill." }] }, { "code" : "311628006", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of simple phrases", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Training comprehension of simple phrases is a foundational level of receptive spoken-language therapy, which maps directly to the activity domain of receiving spoken messages (SEA.PH.ZZ); ICHI does not encode linguistic complexity or structural unit, so the code is broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311630008", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of simple sentences", "target" : [{ "code" : "SEA.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in receiving spoken messages", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Like the phrase-level concept above, this targets a specific linguistic unit (simple sentences) within receptive language therapy; SEA.PH.ZZ captures the same activity-level domain of training in spoken message reception but at a coarser granularity." }] }, { "code" : "311634004", "display" : "Therapy to promote recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept targets a highly specific sub-goal of language therapy (recognition and understanding of spontaneous speech). ICHI's AUI.PH.ZZ covers training of all mental functions of language without distinguishing comprehension vs. expression, receptive vs. spontaneous, making it broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "311626005", "display" : "Therapy to promote sentence use", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sentence-level expressive language therapy is a specific linguistic goal within aphasia/language rehabilitation; ICHI AUI.PH.ZZ is the best available code but covers training of all mental functions of language (comprehension, expression, syntax, semantics) without this level of granularity." }] }, { "code" : "311625009", "display" : "Therapy to promote use of phrases", "target" : [{ "code" : "AUI.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of mental functions of language", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Phrase-level expressive language therapy is a specific sub-goal targeting a linguistic unit below the sentence; ICHI AUI.PH.ZZ is the closest available code but is substantially broader, covering training of mental functions of language in general without phrase-level specificity." }] }, { "code" : "24698003", "display" : "Thermocauterization of lesion of uvula palatina", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code captures destruction of the soft palate as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically thermocauterization of a lesion on the uvula (a sub-part of the soft palate). ICHI does not have a code specific to uvula lesion destruction, so the soft palate destruction code is the closest match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "713348007", "display" : "Thermoplasty of bronchus", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBB.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of bronchus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bronchial thermoplasty (bronchoscopic delivery of controlled radiofrequency thermal energy to airway smooth muscle) is an endoscopic, destructive intervention on the bronchus, aligning best with JBB.GA.AD; however, the ICHI code covers any endoscopic destruction of bronchial tissue and does not specify the thermoplasty technique." }] }, { "code" : "117023006", "display" : "Thick film peripheral blood smear", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination generically without distinguishing between thick and thin film preparation techniques, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the thick-film method used for parasite detection." }] }, { "code" : "119671002", "display" : "Thigh closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.MK.AA is the closest available code, covering repair (including wound closure) of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb; it is broader because it encompasses the entire lower limb rather than just the thigh, and repair covers more than simple wound closure." }] }, { "code" : "119676007", "display" : "Thigh destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.GA.AH", "display" : "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LAG.GA.AH is the best available match for a destructive procedure at the thigh, but it is broader as it covers the entire lower limb rather than the thigh specifically, and it is limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue whereas the SNOMED concept is not restricted to a particular tissue layer." }] }, { "code" : "119683000", "display" : "Thigh manipulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MLB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated manipulation of thigh code as a non-joint soft-tissue intervention; the closest specific joint codes (hip, knee) are anatomically adjacent but not the thigh itself. The block is the broadest valid anchor for this general SNOMED category concept." }] }, { "code" : "119674005", "display" : "Thigh repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MLB", "display" : "Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of thigh", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a generic repair of thigh category code; specific repair codes exist only for adjacent structures (hip cartilage, knee ligaments) but none cover the thigh as a whole target, so the thigh musculoskeletal block is the best available wider anchor." }] }, { "code" : "117024000", "display" : "Thin film peripheral blood smear method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination generally and does not distinguish the thin-film (vs. thick-film) preparation technique specified in the SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader than the specific method described." }] }, { "code" : "439823007", "display" : "Thoracentesis with insertion of pleural tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated tube thoracostomy or chest drain insertion code; JCB.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity) covers the drainage outcome but is broader in that it does not specify the mechanism of tube placement that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from a simple thoracentesis." }] }, { "code" : "287322001", "display" : "Thoracic duct operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DFP", "display" : "Interventions on thoracic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a grouping term covering all procedures on the thoracic duct; the ICHI block similarly groups all interventions on the thoracic duct and is broader than any single assignable category code, making it the appropriate match for this non-specific parent concept." }] }, { "code" : "39083009", "display" : "Thoracic esophagostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.LI.AA", "display" : "Oesophagostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBA.LI.AA represents the creation of an oesophagostomy without specifying the thoracic segment, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly locates the stoma in the thoracic oesophagus." }] }, { "code" : "229317003", "display" : "Thoracic traction", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.LC.AE", "display" : "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBZ.LC.AE covers traction applied to the spine in general (not elsewhere classified), while the SNOMED concept is specifically thoracic-level spinal traction; no thoracic-specific traction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest match but broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "1366217008", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of chest wall using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.JI.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic local excision of lesion of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAF.JI.AB is the only thoracoscopic chest wall excision code in ICHI and aligns well on approach and target, but it specifies local excision of a lesion rather than excision of the chest wall itself, and robotic assistance is not encoded in the base code." }] }, { "code" : "444080008", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of cyst of pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFF.JI.AA covers excision of a lesion (including a cyst) of the pericardium, which matches the anatomical target and action, but it does not specify the thoracoscopic approach (means axis is AA = open) and no thoracoscopic variant of this code exists in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader in approach and less specific in pathology type." }] }, { "code" : "1366228007", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of lung using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JK.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic pneumonectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JK.AB is the thoracoscopic total excision of lung (pneumonectomy) with thoracoscopic means (AB), matching the approach and total excision action, but ICHI does not capture the robotic assistance qualifier, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which explicitly specifies robotic technique." }] }, { "code" : "1366304008", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of mediastinal lymph node using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFE.JK.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic total excision of mediastinal lymph node", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFE.JK.AB matches on target (mediastinal lymph node), action (total excision), and approach (thoracoscopic/AB means), but ICHI has no mechanism to express the robotic assistance qualifier that the SNOMED concept specifies, so the ICHI code is broader in that dimension." }] }, { "code" : "444068000", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of neoplasm of pericardium", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFF.JI.AA captures local excision of a lesion (which encompasses a neoplasm) of the pericardium, but no thoracoscopic variant of this code exists in ICHI (the means axis is AA = open), and the code does not distinguish neoplasm from other lesion types, making it broader in both approach and pathology specificity." }] }, { "code" : "1254744004", "display" : "Thoracoscopic excision of thymus using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "DBA.JK.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic total excision of thymus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DBA.JK.AB precisely matches the target (thymus), action (total excision/thymectomy), and approach (thoracoscopic/AB means), but ICHI does not encode the robotic assistance qualifier that the SNOMED concept explicitly specifies, making the ICHI code broader in technique detail." }] }, { "code" : "75935006", "display" : "Thoracoscopic lobectomy of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JJ.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic partial excision of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated lobectomy code; JBF.JJ.AB (thoracoscopic partial excision of lung) is the correct approach and target but the action axis \"partial excision\" is broader than lobectomy, as it also encompasses wedge resection and segmentectomy." }] }, { "code" : "1366234000", "display" : "Thoracoscopic pleurodesis using robotic assistance", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.GA.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic pleurodesis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.GA.AB captures the base procedure (thoracoscopic pleurodesis) but does not encode the robotic assistance component; the robotic modifier would require appending the ICHI extension code XG5Z48 (With robotic assistance), so the base code alone is broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "708641003", "display" : "Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MCX.MK.AB", "display" : "Laparoscopic repair of diaphragm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MCX.MK.AB is the closest ICHI code for a minimally invasive repair of the diaphragm, but ICHI names it \"laparoscopic\" while the SNOMED concept specifies thoracoscopic approach, and ICHI does not capture the congenital/hernia specificity. The ICHI code is broader on both the approach and the clinical indication." }] }, { "code" : "444188003", "display" : "Thoracoscopic wedge resection of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JJ.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic partial excision of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.JJ.AB (thoracoscopic partial excision of lung) captures both the thoracoscopic approach and the partial lung removal, but is broader than wedge resection because it covers any type of partial excision (segmentectomy, lobectomy, wedge); wedge resection in surgical practice is a partial excision of parenchyma rather than just a lesion excision." }] }, { "code" : "1217359004", "display" : "Thoracoscopy of mediastinal space", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thoracoscopy of the mediastinal space is an endoscopic inspection of the mediastinum performed via the pleural cavity; JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy) is the best available ICHI match as it represents thoracoscopic inspection of the thoracic cavity, but it is broader because it does not specifically denote the mediastinum as the target." }] }, { "code" : "1217360009", "display" : "Thoracoscopy of pericardial sac", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCH.AE.AB", "display" : "Transpleural thoracoscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for thoracoscopic inspection of the pericardium specifically; the pericardium block only includes biopsy, pericardiectomy, pericardiotomy, and repair — none is an inspection/thoracoscopy. JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy) is the best available match as the procedure involves using thoracoscopy to visualise the pericardial sac, but it is broader as it does not target the pericardium." }] }, { "code" : "440042002", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with esophagomyotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Esophagomyotomy (Heller myotomy) is a specific incision of the oesophageal muscle layer performed via thoracoscopy, but ICHI only offers a general \"Incision of oesophagus\" without a dedicated myotomy or thoracoscopic variant, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept in both specificity and approach." }] }, { "code" : "439435003", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with excision of pericardial lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of pericardium", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFF.JI.AA captures the correct target (pericardium) and action (local excision of lesion), but it encodes an open approach (means AA) rather than the thoracoscopic approach specified in the SNOMED concept; no thoracoscopic variant of local excision of pericardial lesion exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "439906002", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with removal of intrapleural foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCA.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of internal device or foreign body from pleura", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCA.JD.AA correctly encodes foreign body removal from the pleura, but carries an open/unspecified means (AA) rather than thoracoscopic; ICHI does not have a dedicated thoracoscopic variant, so the ICHI code is broader with respect to approach." }] }, { "code" : "439817002", "display" : "Thoracoscopy with total pulmonary decortication and intrapleural pneumonolysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.FC.AB", "display" : "Thoracoscopic pneumonolysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBF.FC.AB captures the thoracoscopic pneumonolysis component precisely, but the SNOMED concept also specifies total pulmonary decortication (removal of the fibrous pleural peel) which is a distinct accompanying step not encoded in this ICHI code. The ICHI code is therefore broader, covering only the pneumonolysis part of the combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "448699008", "display" : "Thoracotomy and removal of cardiac pacemaker electrodes", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.JD.AA", "display" : "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HFC.JD.AA covers removal of the full pacemaker or defibrillator system via open approach (AA), which aligns with the thoracotomy access and electrode removal described in the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI encodes removal of the entire system rather than specifically the electrodes/leads, and the thoracotomy approach is implied rather than explicitly specified as a separate procedure component." }] }, { "code" : "120155006", "display" : "Thorax repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAF.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of chest wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Thorax repair\" in SNOMED is a broad concept covering repair of the thoracic region, while ICHI's closest match, PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall), is scoped specifically to the chest wall rather than the thorax as a whole (which also includes the thoracic cavity, thoracic spine, diaphragm, etc.). The SNOMED concept is wider relative to ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "5231000179108", "display" : "Three dimensional obstetric ultrasonography", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ is the closest ICHI code for obstetric ultrasound directed at fetal structures, but it does not specify the 3D modality — ICHI has no dedicated extension or category for three-dimensional ultrasound. The SNOMED concept is narrower (specific to 3D technique), so the ICHI code is wider." }] }, { "code" : "5241000179100", "display" : "Three dimensional obstetric ultrasonography in third trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ captures ultrasound of fetal structures but does not encode either the 3D modality or the gestational timing (third trimester). The ICHI code is therefore significantly wider than this more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "412721008", "display" : "Three wall orbital decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BAM.FC.AA directly represents orbital decompression and is the correct procedural match, but it does not specify the number of orbital walls involved. \"Three wall\" is a surgical detail (the extent of bone removal) that ICHI does not encode, making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "427992007", "display" : "Thrombectomy of arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for arteriovenous fistula thrombectomy; IZE.JE.AA is the most appropriate residual code covering extraction of obstruction from an unspecified blood vessel, which semantically encompasses clot removal from an AV fistula. The ICHI code is wider as it does not specify the vessel type or the nature of the obstruction." }] }, { "code" : "397046001", "display" : "Thrombectomy of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.JE.AF is the closest artery-specific thrombectomy-equivalent code in ICHI, but it is scoped to the endovascular approach (.AF) while the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral; ICHI does not have a corresponding open-approach code for artery NEC. The ICHI code is wider in that it would also subsume non-thrombotic arterial obstructions." }] }, { "code" : "233423007", "display" : "Thrombectomy of iliofemoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFD.JE.AA covers thrombectomy (extraction of obstruction) of any lower limb vein, which includes the iliofemoral vein, but ICHI does not distinguish the specific vein at this level, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405318007", "display" : "Thrombectomy of profunda femoris vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The profunda femoris (deep femoral) vein is a lower limb vein, so IFD.JE.AA is the correct anatomical block, but ICHI does not specify down to this individual vein, making the mapping wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "405317002", "display" : "Thrombectomy of superficial femoral vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The superficial femoral vein is a lower limb vein and maps to IFD.JE.AA, but ICHI does not differentiate superficial from deep femoral or other individual lower limb veins, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "24355008", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy of coronary artery by open chest approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "HIA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of coronary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HIA.JE.AA captures endarterectomy (which subsumes thromboendarterectomy as a technique) of the coronary artery, and the means axis AA explicitly denotes an open approach — matching the open chest specification. ICHI is broader because it encompasses all endarterectomy types of the coronary artery without distinguishing whether the plaque removal also involves thrombus." }] }, { "code" : "77445003", "display" : "Thromboendarterectomy with graft of common femoral artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.JE.AA", "display" : "Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IFA.JE.AA is the closest ICHI match for endarterectomy of a lower limb artery (which encompasses the common femoral artery); it does not distinguish thromboendarterectomy from other endarterectomy types, and ICHI has no code that adds a graft component to femoral endarterectomy as a single combined code." }] }, { "code" : "405347000", "display" : "Thrombolysis of aorta", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has thrombolysis codes for specific aortic segments (descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta), but no single code covering the aorta as a whole. The residual IZA.DB.AF is the broadest available match when the aortic segment is unspecified or straddles segments; it is semantically wider because it covers all arteries not classified elsewhere, not just the aorta." }] }, { "code" : "233335005", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a generic, unspecified \"thrombolysis of artery\" with no anatomical qualifier. IZA.DB.AF is the residual/NEC category for arterial thrombolysis that does not fall under any of the site-specific codes, making it the most appropriate home for this unspecified concept; however the ICHI code is still technically broader as it explicitly serves as a catch-all." }] }, { "code" : "472191000119101", "display" : "Thrombolysis of cerebral artery by intravenous infusion", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.DB.AF covers thrombolysis of intracranial/cerebral arteries and is the correct anatomical match, but the ICHI code does not distinguish the intravenous infusion route from intra-arterial delivery — the means axis \"AF\" covers the broader endovascular/pharmacological administration approach, making ICHI wider than the more specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "230934004", "display" : "Thrombolysis of intracranial vessel", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IAA.DB.AF is scoped to intracranial artery specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept uses the broader term \"intracranial vessel\" (which could include veins); ICHI is therefore narrower in vessel type, but it is the closest available code, with no dedicated intracranial vein thrombolysis code at this level." }] }, { "code" : "119976005", "display" : "Thymus reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "DBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of thymus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"reconstruction\" code for thymus; the closest available code is \"Repair of thymus\" (DBA.MK.AA), which uses the MK action (repair/suture) rather than ML (reconstruction). \"Repair\" is broader than reconstruction, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "9093009", "display" : "Thyrochondrotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyrochondrotomy is incision of the thyroid cartilage (laryngofissure), a specific surgical approach to open the larynx. ICHI has no cartilage-level specificity here; \"Incision of larynx\" is the best available match but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "232548004", "display" : "Thyrohyoid laryngeal release procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FC.AA", "display" : "Release of adhesions of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyrohyoid laryngeal release is a specific mobilisation procedure cutting the thyrohyoid membrane/muscles to lower laryngeal tension, distinct from simply releasing adhesions. The ICHI code captures the release action on the larynx but does not reflect the thyrohyoid anatomy or tension-reduction purpose." }] }, { "code" : "170780004", "display" : "Thyroid disease monitoring", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific thyroid disease monitoring code; the closest is functional assessment across all endocrine glands rather than thyroid-specific disease follow-up." }] }, { "code" : "39500001", "display" : "Thyroid imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Thyroid imaging\" in SNOMED covers all modalities, whereas EBA.BA.BE is specific to nuclear medicine/radioisotope scanning; ICHI provides separate codes for ultrasound and x-ray, so no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "117704006", "display" : "Thyroid radioactive iodine measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.BA.BE covers the full range of thyroid radioisotope function studies including radioactive iodine uptake measurement, but it also encompasses thyroid scanning, making it broader than the purely measurement-focused SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "13378009", "display" : "Thyroid uptake with discharge", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake with a discharge phase is a specific nuclear medicine functional measurement that falls within the broader ICHI category; ICHI does not distinguish the discharge/washout variant separately." }] }, { "code" : "47324001", "display" : "Thyroid uptake with thyroid stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyroid uptake with stimulation (e.g., TSH-stimulated radioiodine uptake) is a specific protocol variant of thyroid radioisotope function studies; ICHI does not encode the stimulation variant separately." }] }, { "code" : "13619001", "display" : "Thyroidectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete thyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a general grouper covering both partial and complete thyroidectomy; ICHI separates these into EBA.JJ.AA (partial) and EBA.JK.AA (complete). Complete thyroidectomy is the more common clinical default for the unqualified term, but the equivalence remains wider." }] }, { "code" : "820511000168109", "display" : "Thyroplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thyroplasty involves implanting material into the larynx to medialise a vocal fold; JAN.DN.AA is the closest structural match but is broader as it covers any device implantation into the larynx, not specifically the cartilage-window/implant technique of thyroplasty." }] }, { "code" : "252219000", "display" : "Thyrotrophin releasing hormone test", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The TRH stimulation test is a dynamic endocrine provocation test of the thyroid-pituitary axis; the ICHI code is broader, covering any endocrine gland function assessment rather than the specific TRH-stimulated TSH response test." }] }, { "code" : "238322004", "display" : "Tidal peritoneal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JC.AE", "display" : "Peritoneal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has only a single peritoneal dialysis code with no distinction between tidal, continuous ambulatory (CAPD), or automated variants, making it broader than the specific tidal modality." }] }, { "code" : "229282003", "display" : "Timing for emphasis technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUF.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of fluency and rhythm of speech functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Timing for emphasis\" is a fluency-shaping speech therapy technique used in stuttering rehabilitation targeting speech rhythm and timing; the ICHI code is broader, encompassing all fluency and rhythm training." }] }, { "code" : "104202007", "display" : "Tissue examination for fungus", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's histopathology extension code covers microscopic tissue examination but is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of examining tissue for fungal organisms; no dedicated mycological tissue examination code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "817011007", "display" : "Tissue frozen section technique", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Frozen section is an intraoperative histopathological technique; ICHI has no code specifically for frozen section methodology, and \"Histopathology\" is the broadest available match covering tissue microscopy." }] }, { "code" : "3697003", "display" : "Tissue processing technique, routine, embed, cut and stain, per autopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AA", "display" : "Autopsy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept describes histological tissue processing steps performed in the context of an autopsy; the ICHI autopsy code captures the overall procedure but does not represent the downstream laboratory tissue processing technique itself." }] }, { "code" : "40923002", "display" : "Tissue processing technique, routine, embed, cut and stain, per surgical specimen", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Histopathology covers the general discipline of tissue examination, whereas the SNOMED concept is the specific routine laboratory workflow of embedding, sectioning, and staining a surgical specimen — a defined sub-process within histopathology." }] }, { "code" : "724164001", "display" : "Tocilizumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have drug-specific codes; PZA.DB.AZ is the broadest pharmacotherapy administration code applicable to any systemic drug, encompassing tocilizumab but far broader than this specific IL-6 receptor antagonist therapy." }] }, { "code" : "386469001", "display" : "Toddler nutrition education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEA.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence eating behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Toddler nutrition education\" is a targeted educational intervention about food/nutrition for a specific age group; the ICHI code is broader, covering all ages and all eating behaviour education without the nutrition-specific focus." }] }, { "code" : "53303003", "display" : "Toilet", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JG.AA", "display" : "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue with incision, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Surgical \"toilet\" means cleansing and debridement of a wound; LZZ.JG.AA is the NEC debridement code for skin/subcutaneous tissue and is the best available match when no body-site-specific code applies." }] }, { "code" : "450229981000132104", "display" : "Toilet and suture of wound", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Toilet and suture of wound\" is a combined procedure of debridement followed by primary closure; LZZ.MK.AA captures the repair/closure component but is broader as it does not explicitly include the toilet/debridement component, and no combined debridement-plus-repair code exists." }] }, { "code" : "169033008", "display" : "Tomography - larynx/trachea", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.BA.BC", "display" : "Computerised tomography, larynx, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept covers tomography of both larynx and trachea; ICHI has CT codes only under the larynx block, with no corresponding CT code for trachea (the trachea imaging block has only plain X-ray)." }] }, { "code" : "119873001", "display" : "Tongue closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.MK.AC", "display" : "Repair of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Tongue closure\" refers to closing a wound or defect of the tongue, aligning closely with repair of tongue; the ICHI code is slightly broader as \"repair\" can encompass restorative procedures beyond wound closure." }] }, { "code" : "9811006", "display" : "Tongue destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAB.GA.AC directly represents destruction of tissue of the tongue, matching the SNOMED concept well; \"destructive procedure\" in SNOMED is an unspecified grouping concept making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "309890001", "display" : "Tongue smear procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.ZZ", "display" : "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for a tongue smear; the nearest specimen collection codes are site-specific (oropharynx, saliva) but none target the tongue mucosa. The NEC code is broader as it does not specify tongue or smear methodology." }] }, { "code" : "14881004", "display" : "Tonography with provocative tests", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for tonography or provocative tonometry; tonography measures aqueous humour outflow and intraocular pressure — functions of the anterior chamber. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any assessment of the anterior chamber." }] }, { "code" : "265327000", "display" : "Tooth and gingiva operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on mouth or pharynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has separate sub-blocks for teeth (BlockL5-KAE) and gum (BlockL5-KAG) but no single block spanning exactly both. The nearest common ancestor BlockL4-KAA is broader since it also includes lips, tongue, palate, and pharynx." }] }, { "code" : "234655008", "display" : "Topical application of oral medication", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AH captures topical delivery of a pharmacological agent but is classified under \"interventions on whole body\" and is not restricted to the oral cavity, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the mouth." }] }, { "code" : "24977001", "display" : "Topical chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AH is the only ICHI code capturing topical pharmacological administration, but it is broader in two dimensions: it does not restrict to chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents, and it applies to the whole body rather than a specific site. No more specific ICHI code for topical antineoplastic treatment exists." }] }, { "code" : "236837004", "display" : "Topical vulval chemotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AH", "display" : "Topical application of pharmacotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code combines topical drug application with a vulval target; PZA.DB.AH is the closest available code for topical pharmacotherapy, but it loses both the vulva-specific site and the chemotherapy-agent specificity. NMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva) was considered but rejected because it implies physical destruction rather than pharmacological application." }] }, { "code" : "183668008", "display" : "Total avulsion of nail plate", "target" : [{ "code" : "LBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of nail of toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Total avulsion of the nail plate is functionally equivalent to total excision of a nail, and toenail avulsion is the overwhelmingly common clinical context. ICHI splits nail interventions by finger (LBD) and toe (LBF), whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified, making either ICHI code broader than the stated concept; LBF.JK.AA is selected as the most representative." }] }, { "code" : "446307000", "display" : "Total excision of meningioma", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAC.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A meningioma is a tumour (lesion) of the meninges, and AAC.JI.AA captures open excision of a lesion of the cerebral meninges, which is the primary site. The code is wider because ICHI does not specify the histological type (meningioma) or the extent of resection (total vs. subtotal), and does not cover spinal meningiomas (which would map to ABC.JI.AA instead)." }] }, { "code" : "91621005", "display" : "Total gastrectomy with intestinal interposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Total gastrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KBF.JK.AA covers total removal of the stomach but does not capture the intestinal interposition (reconstruction using a bowel segment) that is an integral part of this specific SNOMED procedure. The ICHI code is broader, omitting the specific reconstructive technique." }] }, { "code" : "54301007", "display" : "Total ischiectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code specifically for ischiectomy (excision of the ischium) exists; MKB.JK.AA covers total ostectomy of the entire pelvis, which is a broader concept encompassing the ischium as one of the three pelvic bones. The ICHI target is the whole pelvis rather than the ischium specifically." }] }, { "code" : "7240008", "display" : "Total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and synchronous tracheostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete laryngectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JAN.JK.AA captures the total laryngectomy component but does not encode the concurrent partial pharyngectomy or the synchronous tracheostomy; ICHI has no single combined code for this multi-structure procedure, making the best single code broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "439874004", "display" : "Total lumbar corpectomy with decompression of spinal cord, nerve roots and cauda equina by transperitoneal approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBM.JK.AA", "display" : "Total lumbar vertebrectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBM.JK.AA captures the total removal of the lumbar vertebral body (corpectomy) but does not reflect the spinal cord/nerve root/cauda equina decompression intent or the transperitoneal surgical approach; ICHI lacks a dedicated means code for the transperitoneal route and a combined decompression qualifier, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "61520005", "display" : "Total osteoplasty of maxilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of maxilla", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Reconstruction of maxilla\" is the closest match to osteoplasty (bone reshaping/reconstruction) of the maxilla, but the ICHI code covers any reconstructive intervention on the maxilla without specifying that it is total or exclusively osteoplastic in nature, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "76077004", "display" : "Total pancreatectomy with transplantation", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.JK.AA", "display" : "Total pancreatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a code for total pancreatectomy (KCO.JK.AA) and a separate code for pancreatic transplant (KCO.KD.AA), but no single code combining both procedures; KCO.JK.AA captures the defining excision component but omits the transplantation, making it broader than the full SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1354749005", "display" : "Total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid tissue transposition", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete parathyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has EBB.JK.AA for complete parathyroidectomy and EBB.KD.AA for transplant of parathyroid gland as separate codes, but no combined code for the simultaneous total excision and autotransposition; EBB.JK.AA captures the parathyroidectomy component but omits the tissue transposition, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "371407007", "display" : "Total phalangectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes total removal of phalangeal bone under \"Total ostectomy of bone of hand or finger\" (MGB.JK.AA), which aligns with phalangectomy semantics, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to hand versus foot (a foot equivalent MOB.JK.AA also exists), and the ICHI code groups all hand/finger bones rather than isolating the phalanges specifically." }] }, { "code" : "172612003", "display" : "Total reconstruction of external ear using cartilage graft, fascia flap and skin graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA correctly targets the auricle (external ear) with a reconstruction action, matching the core procedure, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific technique detail (cartilage graft, fascia flap, and skin graft) that defines the SNOMED concept, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "172613008", "display" : "Total reconstruction of external ear with cartilage graft and skin flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "CAC.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of auricle of ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CAC.ML.AA captures reconstruction of the auricle (external ear) but does not specify the technique (cartilage graft and skin flap), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept. No more specific ICHI code exists for this procedure with graft/flap detail." }] }, { "code" : "1201734006", "display" : "Total replacement of knee with impaction bone graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.DN.AA", "display" : "Implantation of device into knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMJ.DN.AA covers implantation of a device (prosthesis) into the knee joint, which broadly corresponds to total knee replacement, but does not capture the use of an impaction bone graft or distinguish primary from revision arthroplasty; MMJ.KA.AA (replacement of knee joint device) was considered but implies revision rather than primary implantation with grafting, so MMJ.DN.AA is the better fit — albeit wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174778000", "display" : "Total splenectomy and reimplantation of fragments", "target" : [{ "code" : "DJA.JK.AA", "display" : "Total splenectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DJA.JK.AA precisely matches the total splenectomy component of the procedure, but ICHI has no code for the subsequent autotransplantation/reimplantation of splenic fragments (splenopexy of fragments is a distinct step not represented in ICHI); the code is therefore wider than the full SNOMED concept, which is a combined procedure." }] }, { "code" : "237486002", "display" : "Total thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node dissection", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.JK.AA", "display" : "Complete thyroidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.JK.AA covers the thyroidectomy component but omits the concurrent cervical lymph node dissection (DFB.JL.AA), making ICHI broader relative to the combined SNOMED procedure. A precise match would require two codes, but no single ICHI code captures the full compound intervention." }] }, { "code" : "30880003", "display" : "Trabeculectomy ab externo", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculectomy ab externo is a specific external (scleral flap) approach to creating aqueous outflow, which functionally achieves drainage of the anterior chamber; BBE.JB.AA is the closest ICHI code but is broader, encompassing any drainage of the anterior chamber regardless of technique or approach." }] }, { "code" : "1179030003", "display" : "Trabeculectomy ab interno", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculectomy ab interno involves internal excision or ablation of trabecular meshwork tissue via a goniotomy-style approach, which aligns more closely with partial excision of anterior chamber structures than with drainage or goniopuncture; however, BBE.JJ.AA remains broader as it covers any partial excision of anterior chamber tissue without specifying the trabecular meshwork or the internal approach." }] }, { "code" : "1287865002", "display" : "Trabeculectomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculectomy involves partial excision of the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber angle, making BBE.JJ.AA the closest structural match; however, ICHI does not capture the laterality (left eye), which is specified in the SNOMED concept via extension code, so the ICHI base code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "1287866001", "display" : "Trabeculectomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the left eye variant — BBE.JJ.AA covers the trabecular meshwork excision aspect of trabeculectomy but does not encode the laterality (right eye) that the SNOMED concept specifies." }] }, { "code" : "445749001", "display" : "Trabeculectomy using releasable sutures", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.JJ.AA represents the core partial excision of the anterior chamber (trabecular meshwork), but ICHI provides no means axis value to capture the releasable suture technique that distinguishes this SNOMED concept, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "446215004", "display" : "Trabeculectomy with intraoperative administration of antimetabolite", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.JJ.AA maps to the trabeculectomy excision component, but ICHI does not encode the adjunct intraoperative antimetabolite administration (e.g., 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C) that defines this SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "416968006", "display" : "Trabeculectomy with intraoperative administration of mitomycin", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.JJ.AA captures the trabeculectomy procedure itself but not the specific adjunct of intraoperative mitomycin C administration, which is the distinguishing feature of this SNOMED concept; ICHI has no code or extension for this pharmacological detail." }] }, { "code" : "416831007", "display" : "Trabeculectomy with intraoperative beta radiation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trabeculectomy involves partial excision of the trabecular meshwork and a scleral flap within the anterior chamber to create an aqueous drainage fistula; BBE.JJ.AA captures the partial excision of anterior chamber anatomy but is broader because ICHI has no specific trabeculectomy code and does not encode the intraoperative beta radiation adjunct." }] }, { "code" : "1269465006", "display" : "Trabeculectomy with intraoperative implantation of biodegradable collagen matrix", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with standard trabeculectomy, BBE.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code for the core procedure (partial excision of anterior chamber structures), but it is broader because ICHI does not distinguish trabeculectomy specifically nor encode the additional intraoperative implantation of a biodegradable collagen matrix adjunct." }] }, { "code" : "119737001", "display" : "Trachea closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tracheal closure (surgical closure of the tracheal lumen or a defect) is best represented by JBA.MK.AA (Repair of trachea), which is broader as it encompasses all tracheal repair procedures without specifying closure as the operative technique; no more specific tracheal closure code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "119740001", "display" : "Trachea destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.GA.AA is the only ICHI code for destruction within the trachea and aligns well with the concept of a tracheal destructive procedure; it is slightly broader because the SNOMED concept encompasses any destructive intervention on the trachea while the ICHI code specifically frames destruction as acting on a lesion or tissue." }] }, { "code" : "232608002", "display" : "Tracheal end-to-end anastomosis", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No tracheal anastomosis code exists in ICHI; end-to-end anastomosis (resection and rejoining of tracheal ends) is a specific reconstructive technique, so JBA.ML.AA captures the reconstructive intent but is broader because it covers any tracheal reconstruction method, not just anastomosis." }] }, { "code" : "232677006", "display" : "Tracheal intubation using rigid bronchoscope", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of endotracheal tube", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.DL.AC correctly targets the primary clinical act of placing an endotracheal tube into the trachea, but the ICHI means axis (AC = tube/catheter) does not capture the rigid bronchoscope as the guiding instrument, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies that specific technique." }] }, { "code" : "232607007", "display" : "Tracheal reconstruction with flap", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of trachea", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JBA.ML.AA is the only reconstruction-of-trachea code available and covers the correct target and action, but ICHI has no means value that specifies flap-based reconstruction, so the code is broader than the SNOMED concept which mandates a flap technique." }] }, { "code" : "28725006", "display" : "Trachelopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trachelopexy is fixation of the cervix uteri, and ICHI has no cervix-specific fixation or suspension code; NME.LC.AA covers suspension of the uterus as a whole, which is broader in anatomical target (uterus rather than cervix specifically) but represents the closest available structural match." }] }, { "code" : "239403000", "display" : "Traction for fracture of mandible", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.LD.AH", "display" : "Closed reduction of mandibular bone", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Traction for a mandible fracture is a non-surgical (closed) means of reducing and aligning the fractured mandible, which is captured by MAG.LD.AH; however, the ICHI code is broader because it encompasses all forms of closed reduction of the mandible and does not specify that traction is the technique used." }] }, { "code" : "265131003", "display" : "Traction lengthening of diaphysis of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.LK.AA", "display" : "Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.LK.AA covers limb lengthening at an unspecified bone site, which aligns with the site-non-specific SNOMED concept, but it encompasses all limb-lengthening techniques rather than specifically the traction-based (distraction) method applied to the diaphysis; the LK action (lengthening/distraction) is correctly represented." }] }, { "code" : "306961005", "display" : "Training for blind or partially sighted person", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BTB.PH.ZZ covers training targeted at the seeing function (the body function impaired in blind or partially sighted persons), which is the functional target of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is broader — it encompasses any training of seeing functions regardless of the patient population, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to blind or partially sighted individuals and implies orientation/mobility and adaptive skills training." }] }, { "code" : "436901000124106", "display" : "Trans fat modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers any modification to food composition, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies restriction of trans fats specifically. The approach axis (.ZZ) reflects that no specific technique is encoded, consistent with a population/environmental-level food intervention." }] }, { "code" : "275223004", "display" : "Transabdominal chorionic villus biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMM.AD.AD", "display" : "Biopsy of placenta", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chorionic villi are placental tissue, so the biopsy target is semantically equivalent, but ICHI does not distinguish the transabdominal route from other approaches (e.g. transcervical), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172858004", "display" : "Transantral neurectomy of vidian nerve using sublabial approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The vidian nerve (nerve of the pterygoid canal) is a cranial nerve branch, and neurectomy corresponds to surgical division; however, ICHI does not encode the specific nerve identity (vidian), the transantral route, or the sublabial approach, making the ICHI code substantially broader." }] }, { "code" : "442132006", "display" : "Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatic artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The hepatic artery is an abdominal artery and the transarterial endovascular approach matches the .AF means axis, but ICHI does not distinguish the hepatic artery specifically nor capture the chemotherapy (drug-eluting) component of chemoembolization." }] }, { "code" : "447877000", "display" : "Transarterial oily chemoembolization", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a more specific variant of TACE using lipiodol (oily contrast medium) as the embolic carrier; ICHI captures the endovascular embolisation of an abdominal artery but encodes neither the oily agent nor the chemotherapy component, making it even broader relative to this highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448188005", "display" : "Transcatheter embolization of carotid cavernous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The carotid cavernous fistula is an intracranial arterio-venous connection, and its transcatheter embolization is captured within this ICHI endovascular embolisation code; however, ICHI does not distinguish fistula from arterial occlusion, nor does it specifically name the cavernous sinus target, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "700042008", "display" : "Transcatheter embolization of gastric artery for control of gastric bleeding", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.LA.AF", "display" : "Transcatheter embolisation for gastric bleeding", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a near-equivalent match — ICHI captures the same clinical scenario (transcatheter embolisation to control gastric bleeding), but the ICHI code does not specify the gastric artery as the embolized vessel, making it marginally broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448189002", "display" : "Transcatheter embolization of intracranial arteriovenous fistula", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to intracranial AV fistula embolization; the best fit is endovascular embolisation or occlusion of the intracranial artery, which encompasses this procedure but also covers other occlusive interventions on intracranial arteries not involving a fistula." }] }, { "code" : "1103000", "display" : "Transcrural mobilization of stapes", "target" : [{ "code" : "CBF.FC.AC", "display" : "Release of stapes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Release of stapes\" covers freeing or mobilizing the stapes without specifying the transcrural approach (through the crural arch), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which denotes a distinct surgical technique targeting the stapes via its crura." }] }, { "code" : "229559001", "display" : "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.SC.BP", "display" : "Electrical stimulation for pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TENS is a specific modality (transcutaneous, targeting peripheral nerves) used for pain relief, while the ICHI code encompasses all forms of electrical stimulation for pain including implanted and non-transcutaneous methods, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "1335763000", "display" : "Transdermal administration of carbon dioxide", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.DB.AH", "display" : "External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transdermal CO2 administration is a specific procedure applying carbon dioxide gas through the skin, while the ICHI code covers any external application of any substance to skin at an unspecified site; the ICHI code is considerably broader and lacks specificity for the agent or body site involved." }] }, { "code" : "55747005", "display" : "Transection of muscle of pelvis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Division of muscle\" in ICHI is semantically equivalent to transection, but the code applies to an unspecified body site — ICHI has no dedicated code or block for muscle of the pelvis specifically, making this a broader match that lacks the anatomical precision of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "27161008", "display" : "Transection of muscle of trunk", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has \"Division of muscle of hand\" and \"Division of muscle of unspecified site,\" but no dedicated code for muscle of trunk specifically. MRM.FB.AA is the closest available code but is broader, covering any unspecified muscle site rather than the trunk in particular." }] }, { "code" : "63156008", "display" : "Transection of obturator nerve, extrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a general \"Division of peripheral nerve\" code covering all peripheral nerve divisions, but no specific code for the obturator nerve; the compound nature of this SNOMED concept (nerve transection plus adductor tenotomy, with the extrapelvic approach qualifier) cannot be fully represented by a single ICHI code, making ACA.FB.AA a broader approximate match." }] }, { "code" : "14967002", "display" : "Transection of obturator nerve, intrapelvic, with adductor tenotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the extrapelvic variant — ICHI has no obturator-nerve-specific division code nor a combined nerve-plus-tenotomy code; ACA.FB.AA captures the primary surgical act (nerve division) but loses the intrapelvic approach detail and the concurrent adductor tenotomy component." }] }, { "code" : "78297006", "display" : "Transection of supraorbital nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The supraorbital nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), so AAN.FB.AA (Division of cranial nerve) is the correct anatomical category; ICHI has no code specific to the supraorbital branch, making this a broader match." }] }, { "code" : "1279870005", "display" : "Transesophageal echocardiography guided repair of mitral valve using prosthetic chordae tendinae", "target" : [{ "code" : "HDF.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HDF.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the mitral valve or its subvalvar apparatus (which encompasses the chordae tendineae), aligning well with the use of prosthetic chordae tendineae to reconstruct the subvalvar apparatus; however, the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify prosthetic chordae or TEE guidance, and also does not distinguish repair from reconstruction as precisely as the SNOMED concept does." }] }, { "code" : "32661007", "display" : "Transfer of anterior tibial tendon into tarsal bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The anterior tibial tendon is a lower leg tendon that transfers into the tarsal bones of the ankle, making MNT.LJ.AA (tendon transfer at the ankle, under the lower leg tendon block) the best available match; the ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all ankle tendon transfers without specifying the anterior tibial tendon or the tarsal bone target." }] }, { "code" : "264989003", "display" : "Transfer of biceps brachii tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no tendon transfer code for the upper arm or shoulder region — the shoulder tendon block contains only rotator cuff repair codes — so MRT.LJ.AA (tendon transfer, unspecified site) is the only available fallback; it is wider as it specifies no anatomical site and covers any tendon transfer procedure." }] }, { "code" : "21557003", "display" : "Transfer of bone shaft, fibula into tibia", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transferring the fibular bone shaft into the tibia is a form of bone grafting at the tibia/fibula site, making MNB.ML.AA the closest ICHI code; the code is wider because it encompasses all bone grafts to the tibia or fibula without specifying the directionality (fibula-to-tibia), the shaft segment involved, or the transfer technique." }] }, { "code" : "710112000", "display" : "Transfer of care from hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's referral code captures the act of formally directing a patient to another care provider, which is the closest equivalent to a care transfer from hospital. The ICHI code is broader because it does not encode the direction (from hospital), the specific transition type, or discharge context." }] }, { "code" : "429202003", "display" : "Transfer of care to hospital", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Referral to health provider", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Referring a patient to a hospital is the prototypical use of \"referral to health provider,\" making this a reasonable but imprecise match. The ICHI code is wider because it covers referral to any provider, not specifically to an inpatient hospital setting." }] }, { "code" : "80070000", "display" : "Transfer of iliopsoas muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for iliopsoas or hip flexor muscle transfer; MRM.LJ.AA captures the correct intervention type (muscle transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which names the specific muscle and its hip-region target." }] }, { "code" : "264990007", "display" : "Transfer of intrinsic muscle of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI foot/toe muscle block contains only a reconstruction code with no transfer code, and no other foot-specific muscle transfer code exists in ICHI; MRM.LJ.AA matches the intervention type but loses the foot-specific anatomical detail present in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1339048003", "display" : "Transfer of latissimus dorsi tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The latissimus dorsi tendon belongs to the trunk/back, but ICHI's trunk tendon block contains only a release code and no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly represents the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but without specificity to the latissimus dorsi or its anatomical region." }] }, { "code" : "39447008", "display" : "Transfer of paraspinal muscle to hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no paraspinal muscle block or trunk-to-hip muscle transfer code; MRM.LJ.AA covers the correct intervention category (muscle transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified and does not capture either the paraspinal origin or the hip destination explicit in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "7026004", "display" : "Transfer of pectoralis major tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The pectoralis major tendon belongs to the trunk/chest region, but ICHI's trunk tendon block has no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly identifies the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, losing the pectoralis major specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "239247009", "display" : "Transfer of peroneus longus", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The peroneus longus tendon is a specific lower-leg/ankle tendon, and the ICHI code covers any tendon transfer at the ankle level without specifying the peroneus longus. The ICHI code is therefore broader than this specific muscle's tendon transfer." }] }, { "code" : "239248004", "display" : "Transfer of peroneus tertius", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The peroneus tertius is another specific lower-leg muscle whose tendon inserts at the ankle, and the ICHI code covers any ankle tendon transfer without specifying which tendon is involved. The ICHI code is thus broader than this specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "239244002", "display" : "Transfer of quadriceps mechanism", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The quadriceps mechanism (quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar tendon) is the knee extensor apparatus, and its transfer is best represented at the knee level; however, ICHI does not distinguish the quadriceps mechanism specifically, making this code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1287745001", "display" : "Transfer of tendon of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated foot tendon transfer code (the foot/toe tendon block lacks an LJ transfer entry), so the unspecified-site tendon transfer code is the closest available match, which is broader than the site-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "17115007", "display" : "Transfer of tendon pes anserinus for repair of knee", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMT.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transfer or transplantation of tendon on knee", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MMT.LJ.AA captures tendon transfer at the knee, which directly matches the anatomical site and operative action. However, ICHI does not specify that the transferred structure is specifically the pes anserinus complex (semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius tendons), making the ICHI code broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "264993009", "display" : "Transfer of wrist muscle", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no site-specific code for wrist muscle transfer; MRM.LJ.AA is the only muscle transfer category available and applies to any unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the wrist." }] }, { "code" : "425524005", "display" : "Transfusion antithrombin III factor", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for antithrombin III concentrate transfusion; the closest available code is DIA.DG.AF, which covers the act of transfusing blood-derived products including concentrated clotting factors such as antithrombin III, but is broader as it encompasses all blood products rather than this specific factor." }] }, { "code" : "116795008", "display" : "Transfusion of cryoprecipitate", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.DG.AF", "display" : "Transfusion of blood or blood products", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for cryoprecipitate transfusion; DIA.DG.AF is the best available match as cryoprecipitate is a blood product, but the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the product type." }] }, { "code" : "68848009", "display" : "Transillumination of newborn skull", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.AE.AH", "display" : "Transillumination of infant skull", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's title explicitly names \"transillumination\" of the skull using the same technique. ICHI uses \"infant skull\" which is broader than the SNOMED concept's \"newborn skull,\" so the ICHI code covers a wider age range than the SNOMED concept intends." }] }, { "code" : "429166006", "display" : "Transjugular intrahepatic thrombolysis of portal vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEF.DB.AF", "display" : "Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IEF.DB.AF correctly captures thrombolysis of the portal vein with a percutaneous transluminal approach, but it is wider because it does not specify the transjugular intrahepatic route that is central to the SNOMED concept's identity (TIPS-associated thrombolysis)." }] }, { "code" : "428917000", "display" : "Translocation of pigment epithelium of retina", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) translocation. BCC.MK.AA is the closest match, capturing the retinal target and restorative intent, but it is broader, covering any form of retinal repair rather than the specific translocation technique." }] }, { "code" : "439751005", "display" : "Transluminal dilation of aqueous outflow canal using stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for transluminal dilation of Schlemm's canal with stent placement. BBE.LI.AA captures the anatomical target and the functional goal of improving aqueous outflow, but is considerably broader and does not specify the stent-based transluminal technique." }] }, { "code" : "233218009", "display" : "Transluminal fragmentation of pulmonary embolus", "target" : [{ "code" : "HID.JE.AF", "display" : "Endovascular extraction of obstruction from pulmonary artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specifically for catheter-based mechanical fragmentation of a pulmonary embolus. HID.JE.AF shares the endovascular/transluminal approach and the target, but is broader because it encompasses extraction rather than in-situ fragmentation specifically." }] }, { "code" : "428621005", "display" : "Transluminal occlusion of left internal mammary artery side branch", "target" : [{ "code" : "IDA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of thoracic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The internal mammary artery is anatomically the internal thoracic artery, which falls under ICHI's \"thoracic artery\" (IDA) target; IDA.LA.AF captures the endovascular occlusion action and approach, but it covers any thoracic artery and does not distinguish the left side or a side branch specifically." }] }, { "code" : "233253002", "display" : "Transluminal operations on axillary artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-ICA", "display" : "Interventions on artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The axillary artery is part of the upper limb arterial system, and ICHI has no axillary-artery-specific intervention block or code; BlockL5-ICA is the most precise available container but is wider because it covers all upper limb arteries across all approaches." }] }, { "code" : "233252007", "display" : "Transluminal operations on brachial artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "ICA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The brachial artery is the primary artery of the upper limb, so ICA correctly captures the anatomical target. The SNOMED concept is a grouping term for transluminal operations in general, while ICHI's ICA.LG.AF represents one specific type (transluminal dilatation)." }] }, { "code" : "233243003", "display" : "Transluminal operations on suprarenal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LG.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The suprarenal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta and fall within the \"abdominal or pelvic artery\" target in ICHI; no more specific ICHI code exists. The ICHI code is broader both anatomically and procedurally (dilatation only vs. any transluminal operation)." }] }, { "code" : "448543003", "display" : "Transmyometrial transfer of embryo to uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.DH.AC", "display" : "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.DH.AC captures the essential procedure — transfer of an embryo into the uterus — but is slightly wider because it encompasses all uterine reproductive transfer procedures and does not specify the transmyometrial route that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from standard transcervical embryo transfer." }] }, { "code" : "7937001", "display" : "Transplantation of adrenal gland", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBC.KD.AA", "display" : "Transplant of adrenal tissue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBC.KD.AA covers transplantation of adrenal tissue, which is slightly broader than the SNOMED concept of transplanting the whole adrenal gland — adrenal tissue transplant could refer to partial or cellular transfers in addition to whole-organ transplant." }] }, { "code" : "426926007", "display" : "Transplantation of conjunctiva", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBA.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of conjunctiva", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated conjunctival transplantation code — the conjunctiva block contains repair and reconstruction but no transplantation/grafting category. BBA.MK.AA is the closest match but is broader, encompassing repair techniques beyond transplantation." }] }, { "code" : "429332008", "display" : "Transplantation of single lobe of lung", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.KD.AA", "display" : "Lung transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's lung transplantation code covers lung transplantation in general without distinguishing single-lobe, double-lobe, or whole-lung variants, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifically denotes a single-lobe graft." }] }, { "code" : "77465005", "display" : "Transplantation to recipient", "target" : [{ "code" : "KD", "display" : "Transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's action axis code KD is the closest match, representing transplantation as a generic action across all target organs. The SNOMED concept describes the act of delivering a transplant to the recipient side, which is more specific than the ICHI action code." }] }, { "code" : "410423004", "display" : "Transportation surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEH.VC.ZZ", "display" : "Public health surveillance concerning transportation services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UEH.VC.ZZ is the most precise ICHI code for surveillance activities relating to transportation, sitting within the \"Interventions on the environment\" chapter. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it frames transportation surveillance within a public health systems/policies context." }] }, { "code" : "6563005", "display" : "Transposition of muscle of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no transposition or transfer code specific to the hand muscle; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code captures the correct action but loses the hand-specific target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448594005", "display" : "Transposition of muscle of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI includes a target code for muscle of shoulder region but no shoulder-specific muscle transfer or transposition procedure code exists; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code is the only available match, capturing the action but not the shoulder-specific anatomy." }] }, { "code" : "61174009", "display" : "Transposition of ovary", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.LD.AA", "display" : "Repositioning of ovary", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes the procedure as \"repositioning of ovary\" using the LD (repositioning/relocation) action axis, which is the closest structural match to ovarian transposition (e.g., moving the ovary out of a radiation field). The ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any ovarian repositioning, not solely the surgical transposition procedure implied by the SNOMED concept; oophoropexy (NMA.LC.AA) describes fixation rather than relocation, making NMA.LD.AA the better fit." }] }, { "code" : "173521004", "display" : "Transposition of submandibular duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Transposition of duct of major salivary gland", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes this at the level of \"duct of major salivary gland\" (KAM = major salivary gland), which encompasses the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual ducts, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the submandibular duct specifically; the action LJ (transposition) is an exact match." }] }, { "code" : "47334005", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBX.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of anus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific \"transposition of tissue\" code for the anus; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the closest match covering structural rearrangement procedures at this site. The ICHI code is broader because it encompasses any repair of the anus, not exclusively transposition/local tissue rearrangement." }] }, { "code" : "77790006", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of esophagus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of oesophagus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for the oesophagus; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the best fit as transposition of oesophageal tissue is a form of structural reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing all reconstructive procedures on the oesophagus." }] }, { "code" : "119729009", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of larynx", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no larynx-specific transposition code; JAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx) is the closest category, as transposition of laryngeal tissue is a form of laryngeal reconstruction. The ICHI code is broader, covering all laryngeal reconstruction procedures." }] }, { "code" : "449655007", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of lower leg", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAG.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no transposition code for the lower leg; LAG.MK.AA is the best available match, covering repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which subsumes local tissue transposition at this site. The ICHI code is broader in scope and less anatomically specific (lower limb rather than lower leg only)." }] }, { "code" : "38737004", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of rectum", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated \"transposition\" code for rectal tissue; KBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum) is the closest structural match, as reconstruction covers tissue rearrangement procedures including transposition flaps, but is broader than transposition specifically." }] }, { "code" : "9552006", "display" : "Transposition of tissue of tongue", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAB.ML.AC", "display" : "Reconstruction of tongue", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for tongue tissue (the only tongue LJ code, KAB.LJ.AC, is specifically genioglossus advancement); KAB.ML.AC (Reconstruction of tongue) captures the broader procedural intent of tissue rearrangement on the tongue but is wider than transposition specifically." }] }, { "code" : "19481009", "display" : "Transposition of urethral tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for urethral tissue; NAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urethra) is the closest match as it encompasses structural rearrangement of the urethra, but is broader than the specific concept of tissue transposition." }] }, { "code" : "278703000", "display" : "Transrectus incision", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.FA.AA", "display" : "Laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A transrectus incision is a specific surgical access technique through the rectus abdominis muscle to enter the abdominal cavity, which is functionally an approach incision equivalent to a laparotomy. PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy) is broader as it covers abdominal wall opening without specifying the incision variant, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "429267006", "display" : "Transseptal catheterization of left side of heart by atrial puncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZA.AB.AF", "display" : "Left heart cardiac catheterisation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZA.AB.AF captures left heart catheterization (target = left heart, action = AB cardiac catheterisation, means = AF percutaneous transluminal), which matches the destination and method of the SNOMED concept; however, it does not encode the specific transseptal route via atrial puncture, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept. The atrial septum incision code HAD.FA.AA captures only the septal step and not the catheterization goal, so HZA.AB.AF is the better single-code match." }] }, { "code" : "14515009", "display" : "Transurethral cystoscopic fulguration of urinary bladder", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Fulguration is a specific form of electrosurgical destruction, which is fully captured by the transurethral/endoscopic approach and bladder destruction target; however, ICHI does not distinguish the fulguration technique specifically, making the ICHI code slightly broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "725959008", "display" : "Transurethral insertion of prostatic urethral lift implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.DL.AD", "display" : "Transurethral insertion of device into prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.DL.AD maps the transurethral route and device insertion into the prostate, which aligns well with the UroLift (prostatic urethral lift) procedure; however, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any device inserted into the prostate transurethrally, not specifically a urethral lift implant used to retract obstructing prostatic lobes." }] }, { "code" : "427661008", "display" : "Transurethral radiofrequency needle ablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AD precisely captures the transurethral approach and the destruction (ablation) of prostatic tissue, matching the intent of TUNA (transurethral needle ablation); the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the radiofrequency needle modality, encompassing all transurethral destructive methods (e.g., laser, microwave, HIFU)." }] }, { "code" : "257794001", "display" : "Transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AD", "display" : "Transurethral destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy (TUMT) is a specific form of thermal energy-based prostate tissue destruction applied transurethrally, so NGA.GA.AD captures the target, route, and destructive action correctly but does not specify the radiofrequency/thermal means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "176305004", "display" : "Transurethral removal of prostatic calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JD.AC", "display" : "Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.JD.AC covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the prostate, which subsumes calculus removal but is not specific to calculi; no dedicated \"extraction of calculus from prostate\" code exists in ICHI, making this the closest match at a broader level." }] }, { "code" : "699077003", "display" : "Transurethral thulium laser enucleation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.JJ.AD", "display" : "Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.JJ.AD covers transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy broadly, which is the correct target, approach and action. However, it does not capture the specific technique (thulium laser enucleation — ThuLEP), making the ICHI code wider than the highly specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "448570005", "display" : "Trapezoidal osteotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.FA.AA", "display" : "Osteotomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The trapezoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the hand, so MGB.FA.AA (osteotomy of bone of hand or finger) is the anatomically correct ICHI category. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the trapezoidal (wedge-shaped) osteotomy technique and the specific trapezoid carpal bone." }] }, { "code" : "230900000", "display" : "Trapping of intracranial aneurysm", "target" : [{ "code" : "IAA.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of intracranial artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trapping an intracranial aneurysm is a specific surgical technique (clip ligation of the parent artery proximal and distal to the aneurysm, resulting in occlusion) that achieves occlusion of the intracranial artery at that segment; IAA.LA.AA captures the target and action but does not specify the trapping technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept. IAA.LA.AF (endovascular embolisation or occlusion) was also considered but trapping is an open surgical procedure, so the open-approach occlusion code is the better fit." }] }, { "code" : "52338008", "display" : "Treatment planning for brachytherapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Brachytherapy treatment planning is a highly specific dosimetric and clinical planning process for internal radiation therapy, but ICHI has no radiation-therapy-specific planning code — only generic environmental radiation codes (UBR.TB.ZZ) and individualised planning (PZB.TB.ZZ). PZB.TB.ZZ covers person-centred individualised care planning broadly and is the least-wrong fit, though it is far wider than the brachytherapy-specific planning concept in SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "4914002", "display" : "Treatment planning for external beam radiation therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZB.TB.ZZ", "display" : "Individualised planning", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to radiation therapy treatment planning; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning, whole-person level) is the closest structural match as it captures the planning action applied to an individual patient. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify radiation therapy as the modality being planned." }] }, { "code" : "1254996007", "display" : "Tree nut free diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.TI.ZZ", "display" : "Prescription of food", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for a specific elimination diet or allergen-avoidance regimen; UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food) is the best available match as it represents a clinician-directed directive about what food a patient should consume. It is broader because it does not capture the exclusion/restriction nature of the diet nor the specific allergen (tree nuts)." }] }, { "code" : "85757003", "display" : "Trephination", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAA.FA.AA", "display" : "Craniotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for trephination/trepanation (drilling a hole through the skull); the closest applicable code is MAA.FA.AA (Craniotomy), which is the standard open skull opening procedure under which trephination falls historically and clinically. The ICHI code is broader as craniotomy encompasses a wider range of skull openings and is not restricted to the circular drilling technique of trephination." }] }, { "code" : "281027008", "display" : "Triennial health examination", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AE.AH", "display" : "Physical examination of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.AE.AH represents a physical examination of the whole body, which is the core clinical act within a triennial health examination; however, the ICHI code is broader in that it does not encode the scheduled/periodic nature or the three-yearly frequency that defines the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252220006", "display" : "Triiodothyronine suppression test", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.BA.BE", "display" : "Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The T3 suppression test is a specific thyroid radioiodine uptake study performed before and after T3 administration, making it a subset of the broader ICHI category covering all thyroid radioisotope function studies. No more specific ICHI code exists for this test." }] }, { "code" : "285568003", "display" : "Trimming of amputated tip of terminal phalanx", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trimming/contouring of the bone end at an amputated distal phalanx tip is a form of partial bone removal, which aligns with partial ostectomy; the ICHI code is broader in that it covers any partial excision of hand or finger bone, not just post-amputation revision at the terminal phalanx." }] }, { "code" : "709009001", "display" : "Triple P - Positive Parenting Program", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEJ.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training to influence parenting behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Triple P is a specific structured multi-level parenting program that delivers skills training, so VEJ.PH.ZZ (training to influence parenting behaviours) is the closest ICHI match. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any parenting training intervention, not the Triple P protocol specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241392001", "display" : "Triple radionuclide parathyroid study", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBB.BA.BE", "display" : "Parathyroid scan", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBB.BA.BE is the ICHI code for parathyroid nuclear imaging (action BA = imaging, means BE = radioisotope/radionuclide scan), which directly corresponds to a radionuclide parathyroid study. The ICHI code is wider because it does not encode the specific \"triple-phase\" protocol of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "15213007", "display" : "Truncal vagotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Truncal vagotomy is the surgical division of the vagus nerve trunks at the level of the oesophageal hiatus; the vagus nerve is a cranial nerve (CN X) but its truncal portion is classified as a peripheral nerve structure, and ICHI has no specific code for vagotomy, making ACA.FB.AA the best available match — it is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve division rather than specifically the vagal trunks." }] }, { "code" : "235229005", "display" : "Truncal vagotomy with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This compound procedure adds a gastric drainage component (such as pyloroplasty) to truncal vagotomy, but ICHI has no composite code covering both; ACA.FB.AA captures only the vagotomy component and is broader, missing both the trunk-specificity of the vagotomy and the accompanying drainage procedure entirely." }] }, { "code" : "119589008", "display" : "Trunk closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Trunk closure\" in surgical context refers to closing the surgical wound of the trunk (skin and underlying layers) at the end of a procedure; LAB.MK.AA covers repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and is the closest ICHI match, though it is broader and does not specify wound/incision closure or the deeper fascial layers that trunk closure typically encompasses." }] }, { "code" : "229233003", "display" : "Trunk control work", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHD.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in maintaining body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trunk control work is a rehabilitation activity focused on strengthening and coordinating the trunk muscles to maintain posture and stability; SHD.PH.ZZ (training in maintaining body position) is the closest ICHI match within the activities and participation chapter, though it is broader as it covers all body position maintenance training rather than trunk-specific neuromuscular control." }] }, { "code" : "229142002", "display" : "Trunk exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Trunk exercises\" is a rehabilitation intervention targeting trunk musculature, which maps best to the ICHI muscle functions exercise code; however, MU2.PG.ZZ covers all muscle functions (not specifically the trunk), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "119587005", "display" : "Trunk injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for injection into the trunk; MRS.DB.AE is the closest match as it covers injection into soft tissue at an unspecified site, but it is broader because it is not trunk-specific, and \"trunk injection\" may encompass multiple tissue types (skin, subcutaneous, muscle) beyond just soft tissue." }] }, { "code" : "234775009", "display" : "Try-in of dental restoration", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.MK.AC", "display" : "Restoration of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for the try-in step of a dental restoration; KAE.MK.AC covers the full tooth restoration procedure and is the closest match, but is broader because it encompasses the complete restorative procedure rather than only the trial fitting/verification step." }] }, { "code" : "416861004", "display" : "Trypan blue staining of lens capsule", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Trypan blue staining of the lens capsule is performed intraoperatively by injecting the dye into the anterior chamber to visualise the capsule during cataract surgery, which aligns with BBE.DB.AE (injection into anterior chamber of eye), though that code is broader and does not specify the dye or the staining purpose." }] }, { "code" : "80999007", "display" : "Tube pericardiostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFF.FA.AA", "display" : "Pericardiotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tube pericardiostomy involves incising the pericardium and inserting a drainage tube, which is best represented by HFF.FA.AA (pericardiotomy — surgical incision of the pericardium). ICHI has no specific code for pericardial tube insertion or pericardiostomy; pericardiocentesis is percutaneous and not equivalent, making pericardiotomy the closest broader surgical match." }] }, { "code" : "31198006", "display" : "Tube thoracostomy with water seal", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tube thoracostomy with water seal is the procedure of inserting a chest tube into the pleural space connected to a water-seal drainage system; JCB.JB.AA (drainage of pleural cavity) captures this intent but is broader, as ICHI does not distinguish between chest tube insertion with water seal versus other methods of pleural cavity drainage." }] }, { "code" : "1268684008", "display" : "Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TIL therapy is a specific form of adoptive cell immunotherapy delivered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of an immunological agent) is the closest available ICHI code. ICHI does not distinguish cell-based adoptive therapies from other immunological agents, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "234737009", "display" : "Tunnel preparation of tooth", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.ML.AC", "display" : "Root canal therapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tunnel preparation is a conservative endodontic technique (a variant of root canal preparation) performed on the tooth's root canal system; KAE.ML.AC \"Root canal therapy\" is the closest ICHI concept, but it encompasses the full root canal procedure rather than only the preparatory tunneling step, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "359962006", "display" : "Turning patient in bed", "target" : [{ "code" : "SHA.RA.ZZ", "display" : "Performing the task of changing body position", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Turning a patient in bed is a specific instance of physically performing a body position change; SHA.RA.ZZ (under \"Interventions on mobility, changing and maintaining body position\") is the closest ICHI code, but it covers all forms of changing body position, not exclusively in-bed turning, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "412765000", "display" : "Two and a half wall orbital decompression", "target" : [{ "code" : "BAM.FC.AA", "display" : "Decompression of orbit", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures orbital decompression as a general open procedure but does not distinguish the specific wall configuration (two-and-a-half wall) that defines this SNOMED concept. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the precisely specified SNOMED variant." }] }, { "code" : "236340008", "display" : "Two stage orchidopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGL.LC.AA", "display" : "Orchiopexy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI provides a single orchiopexy code without any staging distinction; the two-stage approach (used for high undescended testis, e.g. Fowler-Stephens) is a specific operative strategy not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "291702009", "display" : "Tympanosympathectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Tympanosympathectomy is the sectioning of the tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve, a branch of CN IX) and ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific nerve; AAN.JJ.AA covers partial excision of any cranial nerve, making it a broader but anatomically appropriate match." }] }, { "code" : "223425008", "display" : "Types of available equipment education", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's closest concept covers education about products and technology for personal daily living use, which is broader than the SNOMED concept's focus specifically on available equipment types; however, no narrower or more specific ICHI code for \"available equipment\" education exists." }] }, { "code" : "8073008", "display" : "Ultrasonic guidance for aspiration of ova", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMA.JH.AC", "display" : "Transvaginal oocyte retrieval", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Transvaginal oocyte retrieval in ICHI is the standard procedure that in clinical practice is performed under ultrasound guidance, and the SNOMED concept specifies exactly this; however, the ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance modality in its title, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "736863001", "display" : "Ultrasonography Doppler pressure of left peroneal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The peroneal (fibular) artery is an artery of the lower limb, and Doppler ultrasound for pressure assessment is a form of ultrasound imaging of that vessel. IFA.BA.BJ captures the correct target (lower limb artery) and modality (ultrasound/BJ), but is broader — it does not specify the Doppler pressure technique, the peroneal artery specifically, or the left-side laterality (which would require an extension code)." }] }, { "code" : "736917008", "display" : "Ultrasonography Doppler pressure of right peroneal artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFA.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of artery of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to 736863001 — the right peroneal artery Doppler pressure study maps to the same ICHI code for ultrasound of lower limb artery, which is broader in that it does not distinguish the specific vessel, Doppler pressure technique, or right-side laterality." }] }, { "code" : "866208008", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided aspiration of lymph node", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of lymph node, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for ultrasound-guided aspiration of a lymph node specifically; DFA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage/aspiration, lymph node NEC) is the closest match covering the percutaneous approach to a non-specific lymph node, but it is broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance (which would typically be an extension), nor does it distinguish aspiration from drainage." }] }, { "code" : "836455008", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of left breast using seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast captures the core action (drainage via a percutaneous approach), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not specify the fluid type (seroma), the use of ultrasound guidance, the catheter type, or left-side laterality. An extension code for laterality (left) could be added." }] }, { "code" : "836456009", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided drainage of seroma of right breast with seroma catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical clinical action to 836455008 differing only in laterality (right breast); the same ICHI code applies with the same broader mapping, as ICHI does not distinguish seroma, ultrasound guidance, catheter type, or side within the base code." }] }, { "code" : "725937006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided endovenous mechanochemical ablation of varicose vein of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.GA.AF", "display" : "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This ICHI code directly captures endovenous destruction of the lower limb vein, matching the anatomical target and endovenous approach, but is broader as it does not specify the mechanochemical technique, ultrasound guidance, or that the vessel is varicose." }] }, { "code" : "1370887004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided ethanol ablation of cystic thyroid nodule", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous destruction of thyroid tissue correctly represents the target (thyroid) and approach (percutaneous/non-incisional), but the ICHI code is broader — it does not encode the ultrasound guidance, the ethanol agent, or the cystic nodule subtype." }] }, { "code" : "1104471000000101", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of magnetic marker into bilateral breasts", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A magnetic marker is a device inserted percutaneously, so this code captures the fundamental action and target, but it is broader as it omits the specific device type (magnetic marker), ultrasound guidance, and bilateral nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1290538003", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of radiofrequency identifier tag into bilateral breasts", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.DL.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous insertion of device into breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the breast, which aligns with the core procedure of inserting an RF tag via ultrasound guidance. However, the ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance means, the bilateral nature, or the specific device type (RF identifier tag), making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "432587002", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided insertion of suprapubic catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous cystotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suprapubic catheter insertion is a percutaneous cystotomy (percutaneous incision into the bladder to place a catheter), so NAI.LI.AE is the closest structural match. The ICHI code does not capture the suprapubic anatomical approach specifically, the catheter device detail, or the ultrasound guidance, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "450460004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided nephrostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.LI.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous nephrostomy in ICHI corresponds directly to the nephrostomy procedure performed via a percutaneous approach, which is the standard route used under ultrasound guidance. The ICHI code does not encode the ultrasound guidance means axis, making it slightly broader, but the target, action, and approach are otherwise well aligned." }] }, { "code" : "1357764004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous cryoablation of neoplasm of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of kidney lesion/tissue, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the cryoablation technique, the ultrasound guidance modality, or the restriction to neoplasm as the target lesion type." }] }, { "code" : "1235002001", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous division of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRT.FB.AA covers division of tendon at an unspecified site (matching the SNOMED concept's lack of anatomical site specificity), but is broader because it uses an open approach (AA) rather than percutaneous, and does not reflect the ultrasound guidance; no percutaneous-approach division-of-tendon code exists at the unspecified site level in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "1296902007", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous embolization of thoracic duct", "target" : [{ "code" : "DFP.LA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous embolisation or occlusion of thoracic duct", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "DFP.LA.AF is an excellent structural match — it explicitly encodes percutaneous embolisation of the thoracic duct — but is slightly broader because it groups embolisation together with occlusion and does not capture the ultrasound guidance modality specified in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1357761007", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAA.GA.AE correctly captures the percutaneous approach and destruction of a kidney lesion, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish the microwave ablation technique from other destruction methods, nor does it encode the ultrasound guidance." }] }, { "code" : "1357760008", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of liver", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of liver", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCA.GA.AE captures the percutaneous target-action pairing (percutaneous destruction of liver lesion) accurately, but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the specific modality (microwave energy) or the ultrasound guidance used to direct the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "1357758006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of lesion of thyroid", "target" : [{ "code" : "EBA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of tissue of thyroid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "EBA.GA.AE correctly represents percutaneous destruction of thyroid tissue, but ICHI does not encode the microwave energy modality or the ultrasonography guidance, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1357759003", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of bone", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of bone of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRB.GA.AA is the only destruction-of-bone code available in ICHI and covers bone at an unspecified site with an open/unspecified approach, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies percutaneous access, ultrasound guidance, microwave energy, and a neoplastic target." }] }, { "code" : "1357762000", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous microwave ablation of neoplasm of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.GA.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LCA.GA.AE matches on both the percutaneous approach and the breast destruction target, but does not specify the microwave ablation modality or the ultrasound guidance component that distinguish this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1336127004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transhepatic insertion of catheter into biliary tract", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCM.DL.AA", "display" : "Insertion of biliary tract device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCM.DL.AA captures the core procedure (device insertion into the biliary tract) but is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not encode the percutaneous transhepatic route, the ultrasound guidance, or the specific instrument (catheter) used." }] }, { "code" : "841191000000109", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal embolization of uterine artery", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers all abdominal or pelvic arteries endovascularly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the uterine artery specifically and includes ultrasonography guidance as the imaging means. The uterine artery is a pelvic artery, so the target is subsumed; ultrasonography guidance and the 'transluminal' approach align with 'endovascular,' but the ICHI code is broader in that it does not specify the uterine artery or the US-guidance modality." }] }, { "code" : "1365948004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of accessory saphenous vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The accessory saphenous vein is a lower limb vein, and laser ablation is a means of endovascular occlusion, so this ICHI code captures the essential intervention. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers any lower limb vein (not just the accessory saphenous) and any endovascular occlusion method (not exclusively laser), making it wider than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1365951006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of small saphenous vein", "target" : [{ "code" : "IFD.LA.AF", "display" : "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of lower limb vein", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as for the accessory saphenous vein — the small saphenous vein is a lower limb vein and laser ablation is a form of endovascular occlusion, but the ICHI code is broader in both target (any lower limb vein) and means (any endovascular occlusion technique, not exclusively laser)." }] }, { "code" : "1344952000", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided percutaneous transperineal laser ablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AE", "display" : "Transperineal destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code precisely matches the transperineal approach and the destructive intent (laser ablation is a form of tissue destruction) on the prostate. It is wider because it encompasses any transperineal destruction method (not exclusively laser ablation) and does not specify ultrasonography guidance." }] }, { "code" : "711308006", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided puncture of cyst of kidney", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of kidney", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Percutaneous puncture of a renal cyst is the closest available ICHI category, as ICHI subsumes puncture/aspiration of fluid collections under percutaneous drainage of the kidney. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any percutaneous drainage of the kidney (not limited to cysts) and does not capture the ultrasonography guidance or the specific cyst target." }] }, { "code" : "710241003", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided removal of foreign body", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JD.AH", "display" : "Removal of foreign body from soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI codes foreign body removal by anatomical site; MRS.JD.AH is a residual/unspecified-site code that captures the core procedure (removal of a foreign body from soft tissue) but does not encode the ultrasound guidance means, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the guided approach and applies across any body region." }] }, { "code" : "718144000", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided removal of tunneled drain from thorax", "target" : [{ "code" : "JCB.JD.AE", "display" : "Removal of drainage device from pleural cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "JCB.JD.AE captures removal of a drainage device from the pleural cavity, which is the most specific thoracic drainage site in ICHI, but it does not specify ultrasonography guidance or the tunneled nature of the drain, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "716554004", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided removal of tunneled peritoneal drain from peritoneal cavity", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.JD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KMA.JD.AE best matches the procedure — percutaneous removal of an internal device from the peritoneal cavity — which aligns with the tunneled drain removal context, but the ICHI code does not encode ultrasound guidance or the tunneled drain specifically, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "726544002", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided transrectal cryoablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AC", "display" : "Transrectal destruction of prostate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the transrectal route and the destructive action on the prostate, but does not distinguish cryoablation as the specific technique nor ultrasound guidance as the means — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "713699007", "display" : "Ultrasonography guided vacuum assisted excision of breast", "target" : [{ "code" : "LCA.AD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous biopsy of breast", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for vacuum-assisted percutaneous excision of breast tissue; 'Percutaneous biopsy of breast' is the closest structural match, but it is broader — omitting both ultrasound guidance and the vacuum-assisted excision technique." }] }, { "code" : "446522006", "display" : "Ultrasonography in first trimester", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures ultrasound directed at the fetal or embryonic structure, which aligns with first-trimester scanning, but the code carries no trimester specificity and also encompasses later-pregnancy fetal scans, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "710165007", "display" : "Ultrasonography of fetal head", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically scoped to the fetal head, whereas the ICHI code covers any fetal or embryonic structure with no fetal-head-specific code available in the classification." }] }, { "code" : "710340004", "display" : "Ultrasonography of limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single 'ultrasound of limb' code encompassing all limb structures; MZZ.BA.BJ is the broadest musculoskeletal ultrasound residual code and captures the concept, but it covers the entire musculoskeletal system rather than being limb-specific, making it wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "771242001", "display" : "Ultrasonography of placenta", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated placenta ultrasound code; NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any fetal or embryonic structure (a broader target that includes the placenta), making the ICHI code wider than the SNOMED concept which is restricted to the placenta specifically." }] }, { "code" : "241514000", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue mass", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MRS.BA.BJ matches on both modality (ultrasound) and target (soft tissue), and the 'unspecified site' qualifier appropriately covers any body region. The ICHI code is slightly broader because it is not restricted to a mass lesion, encompassing ultrasound of soft tissue generally." }] }, { "code" : "58231000087109", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PAL.BA.BJ is the closest available ICHI code and covers ultrasound of the abdominal wall, but 'soft tissue of abdomen' in the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses all abdominal soft tissue, not just the wall. The ICHI code is therefore wider in that it targets only one component of the abdominal soft tissue region." }] }, { "code" : "58251000087100", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of axilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category code exists for ultrasound of soft tissue specifically in the axilla; the nearest available code is MRS.BA.BJ, which covers the same procedure type (soft tissue ultrasound) but at an unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "438491001", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of craniofacial region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) contains X-ray and CT codes but no ultrasound category; MRS.BA.BJ is therefore the best available match, covering soft tissue ultrasound at an unspecified site and thus broader than this site-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "58271000087106", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of elbow region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has MEJ.BA.BJ (ultrasound of elbow joint) but that targets the joint structure, not the soft tissue; MRS.BA.BJ (ultrasound of soft tissue, unspecified site) is a better semantic fit for soft tissue imaging of the elbow region, though it lacks anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "58091000087102", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of forearm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI category code exists for ultrasound of soft tissue of the forearm specifically; MRS.BA.BJ is the best match by procedure type and tissue class, but covers an unspecified anatomical site, making it broader than this forearm-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "58101000087107", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific ultrasound code for soft tissue of the hand or even soft tissue of the upper limb; the closest assignable code is the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound, which loses the anatomical site specificity of the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "58111000087109", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of inguinal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no soft tissue imaging code for the inguinal region — the inguinal blocks (DFM, PAM) cover lymph node and hernia repair respectively, so the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound is the only applicable code, losing the inguinal site precision." }] }, { "code" : "1356796004", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MQS block (soft tissue of lower limb NEC) contains no ultrasound child code in ICHI, so the best available match is the unspecified-site soft tissue ultrasound code, which captures the modality and tissue type but not the lower limb location." }] }, { "code" : "384161000119102", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) has X-ray and CT children but no ultrasound code; PAB.BA.BJ is the closest site-matched ultrasound code covering the neck region, though it is broader in both anatomical scope (includes head) and tissue scope (not limited to soft tissue)." }] }, { "code" : "58151000087108", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of shoulder region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MDB shoulder block contains codes for shoulder joint ultrasound (MDJ.BA.BJ) but not soft tissue of the shoulder; MRS.BA.BJ captures the correct modality and tissue type (soft tissue ultrasound) but forfeits the shoulder site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "58171000087102", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of upper arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ultrasound code specific to soft tissue of the upper arm or upper limb; the MIS block (soft tissue of upper limb) contains no imaging codes. MRS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of soft tissue at an unspecified site, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies the upper arm." }] }, { "code" : "58181000087100", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissue of wrist region", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has MFJ.BA.BJ for ultrasound of the wrist joint, but the SNOMED concept targets soft tissue of the wrist region — not the joint itself. MRS.BA.BJ (soft tissue unspecified site) is the closest match, capturing the modality and tissue type while being broader in anatomical specificity." }] }, { "code" : "711314004", "display" : "Ultrasonography of soft tissues of back", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The MCS block (soft tissue of trunk) in ICHI contains no imaging or ultrasound codes whatsoever. MRS.BA.BJ is the only ICHI code capturing ultrasound of soft tissue, and it applies to an unspecified site rather than the back specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1339046004", "display" : "Ultrasonography of tendon sheath", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no ultrasound or imaging code for tendon or tendon sheath specifically — the MRT block (tendon, unspecified site) only includes procedural interventions such as excision, repair, and injection, not diagnostic imaging. MRS.BA.BJ (ultrasound of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the closest available code, as tendon sheath is a soft tissue structure, though it is broader in both site and tissue specificity." }] }, { "code" : "419698000", "display" : "Ultrasound angiography", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no generic 'ultrasound angiography' code spanning all vessels; IZE.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of any blood vessel not classified elsewhere, which is broader than the angiographic framing but is the closest available code for an unspecified-vessel vascular ultrasound procedure." }] }, { "code" : "91672001", "display" : "Ultrasound examination of joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MZZ.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI encodes joint ultrasound only at the level of named joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle); there is no generic 'joint ultrasound' category, so MZZ.BA.BJ — the musculoskeletal system NEC ultrasound code — is the best available broader code." }] }, { "code" : "702594008", "display" : "Ultrasound guided needle localization of abdomen", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAK.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of abdomen", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes ultrasound-guided needle localization (an interventional procedure using ultrasound as a guidance means), while PAK.BA.BJ covers only the ultrasound imaging of the abdomen without capturing the needle insertion or localization component. The ICHI code is broader in that it omits the needle guidance action, and no specific ICHI code for ultrasound-guided needle localization of the abdomen exists." }] }, { "code" : "70435002", "display" : "Ultrasound peripheral imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "'Ultrasound peripheral imaging' in clinical use refers to ultrasound of peripheral vessels (arteries and veins of the limbs), which corresponds most closely to IZE.BA.BJ — the residual ultrasound code for blood vessels not classified elsewhere in the vascular hierarchy. ICHI has specific codes for individual vessel territories, so IZE.BA.BJ is broader than the SNOMED concept which implies a general/unspecified peripheral study." }] }, { "code" : "129119005", "display" : "Ultrasound phlebography of vena cava", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has intravascular ultrasound codes for the superior (HIB.BA.AF) and inferior (HIC.BA.AF) vena cava separately, but these capture intravascular (catheter-based) ultrasound only; the SNOMED concept refers to external ultrasound imaging of the vena cava without specifying superior or inferior. IZD.BA.BJ (ultrasound of vein, NEC) is the best available residual code, but is broader as it covers any unspecified vein rather than specifically the vena cava." }] }, { "code" : "408814002", "display" : "Ultrasound scan for fetal anomaly", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's code covers all ultrasound of fetal structures without specifying the clinical purpose, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically an anomaly (morphology) survey scan. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses any fetal ultrasound indication." }] }, { "code" : "241493005", "display" : "Ultrasound scan for fetal growth", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept denotes a biometry-focused growth assessment scan, but ICHI encodes no purpose-specific fetal ultrasound codes beyond this general residual category; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "169228004", "display" : "Ultrasound scan for fetal presentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Determining fetal lie and presenting part is a specific clinical indication not captured in ICHI's classification; the only fetal ultrasound category that applies is this NEC residual code, which is broader." }] }, { "code" : "169230002", "display" : "Ultrasound scan for fetal viability", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Viability scanning (confirming cardiac activity, early pregnancy assessment) is a specific clinical purpose that ICHI does not distinguish; the general fetal ultrasound NEC code is the closest available match and is broader." }] }, { "code" : "287586004", "display" : "Ultrasound urinary calculus fragmentation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.GA.BJ", "display" : "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAN.GA.BJ captures destruction (GA) of urinary system calculi via ultrasound/shockwave energy (BJ) without specifying the site within the urinary tract, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept that also does not specify a particular urinary organ; the ICHI code is slightly broader as it encompasses any ESWL modality of the urinary system NEC, while the SNOMED concept specifically names ultrasound fragmentation." }] }, { "code" : "229587005", "display" : "Ultraviolet A therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not distinguish UVA, UVB, or UVC subtypes within its phototherapy codes — the closest full-body phototherapy code (PZA.SC.AH) covers all phototherapy modalities without specifying the UV waveband. The ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all phototherapy wavelengths." }] }, { "code" : "229588000", "display" : "Ultraviolet B therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "As with UVA therapy, ICHI does not provide a waveband-specific code for UVB; PZA.SC.AH covers whole-body phototherapy of any type, making it broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies the UVB spectrum." }] }, { "code" : "229589008", "display" : "Ultraviolet C therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SC.AH", "display" : "Whole body phototherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "UVC therapy (germicidal UV, occasionally used for wound disinfection) is not individually coded in ICHI; PZA.SC.AH for whole-body phototherapy is the best available match but is broader since it does not capture the UVC waveband specificity or its distinct antimicrobial intent." }] }, { "code" : "233519002", "display" : "Umbilical artery cannula insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has a specific code for umbilical vein catheter insertion (IED.DL.AF) but no equivalent for the umbilical artery; IZA.DL.AF covers percutaneous catheter/device insertion into any artery not elsewhere classified, which is broader than the specific umbilical artery target in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "172921000", "display" : "Uncinectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAH.JJ.AA", "display" : "Ethmoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The uncinate process is part of the ethmoid complex and uncinectomy is a partial excision of ethmoid-region nasal tissue; ICHI has no dedicated uncinectomy code and ethmoidectomy is the closest anatomical match, but it is broader as it encompasses removal of the entire ethmoid labyrinth rather than just the uncinate process." }] }, { "code" : "397914003", "display" : "Uncomplicated intravascular line insertion", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.DL.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept describes a generic, non-specific vascular access procedure; IZE.DL.AF covers percutaneous device insertion into any blood vessel (arterial or venous) not elsewhere classified, making it a good but broader match that does not capture the \"uncomplicated\" qualifier or the specific access site." }] }, { "code" : "385822007", "display" : "Universal precautions", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Universal precautions is a specific set of infection-control practices (gloves, PPE, safe sharps handling) applied to all patients to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission; the closest ICHI code covers health-care infection control measures broadly at the policy/systems level, which is wider than the specific clinical practice concept captured by SNOMED." }] }, { "code" : "410179009", "display" : "Universal precautions assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No ICHI code exists for assessment specifically of universal precautions compliance; the best structural parallel is \"Assessment of health services, systems and policies,\" which captures an assessment action within the health-systems environment domain but is considerably broader than assessing universal precautions adherence specifically." }] }, { "code" : "410181006", "display" : "Universal precautions management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UEP.VE.ZZ", "display" : "Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Universal precautions management refers to operationalising and overseeing universal precautions protocols; \"Health care infection control measures concerning health services, systems and policies\" is the nearest ICHI category covering implementation of infection control at the organisational/policy level, but it is wider than the specific management of universal precautions practice." }] }, { "code" : "240991007", "display" : "Unroofing of blister", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.JB.AA", "display" : "Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Unroofing a blister is a minor skin procedure to open and drain a fluid-filled vesicle; ICHI encodes this as drainage of skin NEC since no blister-specific code exists. The ICHI code is broader, covering any drainage of skin regardless of lesion type or body region." }] }, { "code" : "359718007", "display" : "Upper digestive tract operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-KAA", "display" : "Interventions on the digestive system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any surgical procedure on the upper digestive tract, not a specific intervention; no single ICHI category code captures it. The ICHI block BlockL3-KAA (Interventions on the digestive system) is the best organisational grouping, though it is broader as it includes the lower digestive tract as well." }] }, { "code" : "229231001", "display" : "Upper limb control work", "target" : [{ "code" : "MVD.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for control of voluntary movement functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Upper limb control work\" is a rehabilitation exercise targeting voluntary motor control specifically of the upper limb, while MVD.PG.ZZ covers exercise for voluntary movement control without body-part specificity. The ICHI code is broader because it does not restrict to the upper limb." }] }, { "code" : "108031006", "display" : "Ureter destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAE.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the ureter, which is the best available ICHI match for a ureteral destructive procedure. The SNOMED concept is a broad category grouping any destructive procedure on the ureter." }] }, { "code" : "56807000", "display" : "Ureterolithotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JE.AA", "display" : "Extraction of calculus of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureterolithotomy is specifically the open surgical incision of the ureter to extract a calculus, whereas NAE.JE.AA covers open calculus extraction more broadly without mandating the ureterotomy technique; the ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1533002", "display" : "Ureteroplication", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureteroplication is a specific technique of folding/tucking the ureter wall to reduce its calibre, which falls within the broader concept of ureteral repair; no plication-specific code exists for the ureter in ICHI. NAE.MK.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader as it encompasses any open repair technique." }] }, { "code" : "236187009", "display" : "Ureteroscopic adjustment of ureteric stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureteroscopic adjustment of a ureteric stent is a specific form of managing an internal ureteral device; NAE.SN.AC captures the general concept of managing an internal ureter device but does not specify the ureteroscopic approach or that the action is specifically \"adjustment\"." }] }, { "code" : "447343002", "display" : "Ureteroscopic division of stricture of ureter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Ureterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ureterotomy (FA = incision/division action on the ureter) is the correct action-type match for dividing a ureteral stricture, but the ICHI code specifies an open approach (AA) rather than ureteroscopic, and does not restrict to stricture division specifically." }] }, { "code" : "176058000", "display" : "Ureteroscopic laser fragmentation of ureteric calculus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Endoscopic destruction (GA action, AD = endoscopic means) on the ureter covers the laser fragmentation concept, as laser lithotripsy is a form of endoscopic destruction of calculus tissue; however, the ICHI title refers to \"lesion or tissue\" rather than calculus specifically, and does not encode the laser instrument." }] }, { "code" : "236182003", "display" : "Ureteroscopic removal of ureteric lesion", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.GA.AD", "display" : "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is the closest ICHI code as it explicitly targets \"lesion or tissue of ureter\" via an endoscopic approach, aligning well with ureteroscopic lesion removal; however, ICHI frames this as \"destruction\" rather than \"removal/excision\"." }] }, { "code" : "61063002", "display" : "Ureterostomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Urinary diversion", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific ureterostomy code; urinary diversion (NAE.LI.AA) is the nearest concept as ureterostomy (creation of a cutaneous ureteral opening) is a form of urinary diversion, but the ICHI code encompasses all types of urinary diversion procedures and is therefore broader." }] }, { "code" : "49372007", "display" : "Ureterotomy with drainage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.FA.AA", "display" : "Ureterotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NAE.FA.AA encodes ureterotomy (incision of the ureter) without specifying drainage as a co-component, so the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming drainage as an explicit part of the procedure. The code is nonetheless the closest assignable ICHI category." }] }, { "code" : "410021007", "display" : "Urethral catheterization", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.DL.AD", "display" : "Insertion of device into urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethral catheterization inserts a catheter through the urethra into the bladder, which aligns with NAI.DL.AD (insertion of device into urinary bladder via endoscopic/natural orifice route); the ICHI code is slightly broader as it covers any device inserted into the bladder (not specifically a catheter via the urethra)." }] }, { "code" : "1255195003", "display" : "Urethral irrigation of urinary bladder via catheter", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.JA.AC", "display" : "Irrigation of urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.JA.AC maps directly to the core clinical act — irrigating the urinary bladder — which is precisely what this SNOMED concept describes; the ICHI code does not specify the catheter/urethral route, making it marginally broader." }] }, { "code" : "176372000", "display" : "Urethral pressure measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.AB.AD", "display" : "Urethral pressure profilometry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.AB.AD specifically refers to urethral pressure profilometry — a technique that produces a pressure profile along the entire length of the urethra — which is broader than a single pressure measurement at a point. However, it is the closest available ICHI code in the urethra interventions block." }] }, { "code" : "287743002", "display" : "Urethral removal of ureteric clot", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAE.JD.AD", "display" : "Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from ureter", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a ureteric clot/thrombus via the urethra; NAE.JD.AD covers transurethral removal of any internal device or foreign body from the ureter, which is the closest procedural match (same route and target organ), but the action axis JD is broader than clot-specific removal." }] }, { "code" : "52384003", "display" : "Urethromeatoplasty with mucosal advancement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethromeatoplasty with mucosal advancement is a specific reconstructive procedure on the urethral meatus using advanced mucosal flap technique; NAM.ML.AA (reconstruction of urethra) is the closest ICHI category and encompasses this procedure conceptually, but is broader as it covers all forms of urethral reconstruction." }] }, { "code" : "82087005", "display" : "Urethropexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAK.LC.AA", "display" : "Suspension procedures on bladder neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urethropexy is a surgical fixation/suspension of the urethra (or bladder neck) to correct stress urinary incontinence, which aligns closely with bladder neck suspension procedures. The ICHI code is slightly wider as it centres on the bladder neck rather than the urethra specifically, and encompasses multiple suspension techniques." }] }, { "code" : "71980001", "display" : "Urethroplasty, repair of membranous urethra, first stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAM.MK.AA covers repair of urethra broadly, which encompasses urethroplasty of the membranous urethra; however, ICHI does not distinguish the membranous segment of the urethra or the staged nature (first stage) of the repair, making the ICHI code wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "48320007", "display" : "Urethroplasty, repair of membranous urethra, second stage", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAM.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of urethra", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same rationale as concept 71980001 — NAM.MK.AA represents urethral repair generically without encoding the membranous segment specificity or the staged (second stage) nature of the procedure." }] }, { "code" : "410369000", "display" : "Urinary bladder care surveillance", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers the broader urinary system assessment rather than bladder-specific surveillance, and NAN.AA.ZZ is a residual \"not elsewhere classified\" code. The SNOMED concept is specifically about ongoing surveillance/monitoring of the urinary bladder, whereas the ICHI code encompasses any urinary system assessment." }] }, { "code" : "410252004", "display" : "Urinary catheter care education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NT2.PM.ZZ covers education about urinary functions broadly, which encompasses catheter care education but is not restricted to it. No specific ICHI code exists for catheter-focused education; this is the closest functional category within the genitourinary interventions hierarchy." }] }, { "code" : "410253009", "display" : "Urinary catheter care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAI.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of internal device for urinary bladder", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAI.SN.AC captures the management of an indwelling (internal) device at the urinary bladder, which aligns closely with urinary catheter care management; however, it is broader in that it covers any internal bladder device, not exclusively a catheter." }] }, { "code" : "401020005", "display" : "Urinary cortisol analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for urinary cortisol measurement; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest applicable category covering chemical analyte analysis in urine, making it wider than the specific cortisol assay described in the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "252301006", "display" : "Urinary hemosiderin detection", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Hemosiderin detection in urine is a specific iron-storage protein assay with no dedicated ICHI code; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest applicable laboratory category covering qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of urine, making it wider than this specific detection test." }] }, { "code" : "386488008", "display" : "Urinary incontinence care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urinary incontinence care\" is a nursing/clinical management concept covering practical hands-on support for a patient with urinary incontinence, which aligns best with NT2.RB.ZZ (practical support with urinary functions). The ICHI code is broader because it covers all urinary functions, not specifically incontinence, and \"practical support\" is a reasonable but non-specific rendering of the nursing care concept." }] }, { "code" : "408979003", "display" : "Urinary incontinence care management", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urinary incontinence care management\" overlaps closely with 386488008 and maps to the same best available ICHI code; no more specific ICHI code for incontinence management exists beyond the practical-support and training codes within the urinary functions block. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all urinary functions rather than incontinence specifically, and \"management\" implies a more coordinated, possibly multi-component intervention than ICHI captures at this granularity." }] }, { "code" : "88028009", "display" : "Urinary pressure and flow study", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A urinary pressure and flow study (urodynamics/uroflowmetry/cystometry) is a functional measurement of the lower urinary tract; NTC.AB.ZZ (measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the closest available code. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any measurement of urinary excretory functions and does not specify the pressure-and-flow/urodynamic nature of the procedure; note also that NAM.AB.AD (urethral pressure profilometry) covers only one component of the study." }] }, { "code" : "386490009", "display" : "Urinary retention care", "target" : [{ "code" : "NT2.RB.ZZ", "display" : "Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Urinary retention care\" is a nursing-care concept for managing inability to void, which sits within the urinary functions domain; NT2.RB.ZZ (practical support with urinary functions) is the best available ICHI match when no retention-specific code exists. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all urinary functions rather than retention specifically, and may include catheterisation or other techniques that ICHI would code separately." }] }, { "code" : "392064002", "display" : "Urinary tract operations", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-NAA", "display" : "Interventions on urinary system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping of all surgical procedures on the urinary tract, which maps best to the ICHI block \"Interventions on urinary system\" (BlockL4-NAA). The ICHI block is slightly wider as it encompasses the full urinary system including functional interventions, not just operative procedures; a block code is appropriate given the SNOMED concept is itself a category rather than a specific procedure." }] }, { "code" : "271075006", "display" : "Urine albumin/creatinine ratio measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no analyte-level code for albumin/creatinine ratio; however, \"Measurement of urinary excretory functions\" (NTC.AB.ZZ) is the best functional fit, as the albumin/creatinine ratio is a quantitative assessment of urinary excretory function (specifically proteinuria/albuminuria). The ICHI code is wider because it covers any measurement of urinary excretory function, not just this specific biochemical ratio." }] }, { "code" : "252386004", "display" : "Urine dipstick for specific gravity", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG4F04", "display" : "Urinalysis test strips", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG4F04 covers urinalysis test strips broadly, which is the instrument used in a dipstick test. However, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the parameter being measured is specific gravity specifically — dipstick panels typically cover multiple analytes." }] }, { "code" : "269881001", "display" : "Urine microscopy for organisms AND/OR foreign bodies", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG69Q0", "display" : "Microscopy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG69Q0 represents microscopy as an essential laboratory test extension code but is not specific to urine or to the detection of organisms and foreign bodies; it is the closest available ICHI term and is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "385842003", "display" : "Urine specimen care", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.AH.XB covers the collection of a urine specimen and is the closest ICHI code available; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because \"specimen care\" refers specifically to post-collection handling and preservation activities, which ICHI subsumes under the broader collection category rather than representing as a separate intervention." }] }, { "code" : "385841005", "display" : "Urine specimen care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.AH.XB", "display" : "Specimen collection of urine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is specifically about assessing the care and handling of a urine specimen, whereas PZX.AH.XB covers the act of collecting a urine specimen more broadly. No ICHI code captures the narrower \"assessment of urine specimen care\" aspect, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "302778005", "display" : "Urological investigation", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAN.AA.ZZ is the broadest urinary system assessment code in ICHI and aligns well with a general urological investigation; it is a wider match because ICHI's code covers any assessment of the anatomical urinary system while the SNOMED concept encompasses all urological investigative activities (imaging, functional tests, etc.)." }] }, { "code" : "241515004", "display" : "US measurement of skin thickness", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "LZZ.AB.ZZ captures measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue generally but does not specify the ultrasound modality or the thickness parameter; no more specific ICHI code for ultrasound-based skin thickness measurement exists in the integumentary section, making this a wider match." }] }, { "code" : "303925005", "display" : "US of tendon", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no tendon-specific ultrasound code; the closest available code covers all soft tissue of unspecified site, which is broader than the tendon-specific scope of the SNOMED concept. Tendon is a subset of soft tissue, so the ICHI code encompasses more than intended." }] }, { "code" : "169225001", "display" : "US scan - fetal maturity", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMR.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of fetal structures broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically an ultrasound to assess fetal maturity (gestational age/biophysical profile). The ICHI code is broader as it does not capture the maturity-assessment purpose." }] }, { "code" : "302801006", "display" : "US scan of genitourinary system", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAN.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of urinary system, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NAN.BA.BJ covers the urinary system only (sitting within BlockL4-NAA \"Interventions on urinary system\"), while the SNOMED concept encompasses the full genitourinary system including reproductive organs. The ICHI code is therefore narrower in system scope but is the best available match, making the overall equivalence wider from the ICHI perspective relative to the intended clinical breadth." }] }, { "code" : "241449005", "display" : "US scan of head", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is scoped to the head only, whereas the ICHI code covers \"head or neck\" as a combined topographical region. No head-only ultrasound code exists in ICHI, making this the best available match but broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "241453007", "display" : "US scan of neck", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAB.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of head or neck", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI combines head and neck into a single topographical target with no separate neck-only ultrasound code; the SNOMED concept is limited to the neck, so the ICHI code is broader in anatomical scope." }] }, { "code" : "241507002", "display" : "US scan of orthopedic soft tissues", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is restricted to orthopaedic (i.e., musculoskeletal system) soft tissues, while the ICHI code refers to soft tissue of unspecified body site and is housed in the musculoskeletal chapter; the ICHI code is the closest match but is broader in that it does not restrict to orthopaedic structures and carries no site specificity." }] }, { "code" : "303923003", "display" : "US scan of soft tissues of arm", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.BA.BJ", "display" : "Ultrasound of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no ultrasound code for soft tissue of the upper limb specifically — the MIS block (musculoskeletal structures of upper limb NEC) contains no imaging codes, and no upper-limb soft-tissue ultrasound code exists. MRS.BA.BJ covers ultrasound of soft tissue at an unspecified site, making it broader than the arm-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "710961002", "display" : "Use of supportive positioning", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.LD.ZZ", "display" : "Positioning of the whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.LD.ZZ is the best available match, covering deliberate positioning of the whole body as a clinical intervention; however it is broader than \"supportive positioning\" because it encompasses any positioning purpose rather than specifically supportive or comfort-oriented positioning." }] }, { "code" : "726598003", "display" : "Ustekinumab therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ustekinumab is an anti-IL-12/23 monoclonal antibody (immunological agent) typically administered subcutaneously (percutaneous route); however this ICHI code is broader because it covers any immunological agent given percutaneously, not specifically ustekinumab." }] }, { "code" : "215192006", "display" : "Uterine evacuation and curettage of hydatidiform mole", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JB.AC", "display" : "Suction curettage of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Suction curettage of the uterus is the standard technique used for hydatidiform mole evacuation, making this the best procedural match. However, the ICHI code does not capture the specific indication (hydatidiform mole), so the mapping is wider." }] }, { "code" : "91114006", "display" : "Uterine implantation of radium", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.BA", "display" : "Destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus by radiotherapy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Radium implantation into the uterus is a form of intracavitary brachytherapy whose clinical intent is tissue destruction by radiation, aligning with NME.GA.BA. The ICHI code is wider because it encompasses all forms of uterine radiotherapy without specifying the radium/intracavitary approach." }] }, { "code" : "120048007", "display" : "Uterus destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of uterus and supporting structures", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.GA.AA covers destruction of the uterus and supporting structures, which broadly matches the SNOMED concept of a uterine destructive procedure. The ICHI code is wider because the SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any destructive modality." }] }, { "code" : "8335001", "display" : "Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a combined procedure involving partial excision of the soft palate, uvulectomy, and oropharyngeal reconstruction; no single ICHI code captures all three targets. KAS.JJ.AA covers the dominant surgical component but is broader as it does not encode the uvula or pharyngeal elements." }] }, { "code" : "47628005", "display" : "V-excision of lip with primary direct linear closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAA.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of lip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAA.JJ.AA captures the partial (wedge/V-shaped) excision of the lip, which is the core of this procedure. However, ICHI does not encode the specific V-excision technique or the associated primary direct linear closure repair." }] }, { "code" : "46079006", "display" : "Vaccination by injection gun", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.VD.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous vaccination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An injection gun (jet injector) delivers vaccine percutaneously without a needle, which aligns with the percutaneous means in DTB.VD.AE. However, ICHI does not distinguish jet-injector delivery from other percutaneous vaccination methods, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "108083004", "display" : "Vagina destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of lesion of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all destructive procedures on the vagina, while NMH.GA.AC refers specifically to destruction of a lesion of the vagina (the most clinically common form). The SNOMED concept is a category/grouper and ICHI is a leaf code that represents one representative member of that group." }] }, { "code" : "89053004", "display" : "Vaginal cesarean section", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AA", "display" : "Delivery by caesarean section", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AA covers all caesarean section deliveries without specifying the approach. The SNOMED concept \"vaginal cesarean section\" is a specific variant performed through the vagina/cervix, which is a narrower concept than the ICHI code that does not distinguish by operative approach." }] }, { "code" : "22633006", "display" : "Vaginal delivery, medical personnel present", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NME.JF.AC maps precisely to the clinical act of vaginal delivery. The SNOMED concept adds the qualifier \"medical personnel present,\" which is a context condition not captured in ICHI, making the ICHI code slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "38443001", "display" : "Vaginal implantation of radium", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.DL.AC", "display" : "Insertion of internal device of vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a specific code for radium/brachytherapy implantation into the vagina; \"Insertion of internal device of vagina\" is the closest structural match as radium applicators are internal devices inserted into the vagina. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal vaginal device, not specifically radioactive implants." }] }, { "code" : "268408009", "display" : "Vaginal smear biopsy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.AH.XF", "display" : "Specimen collection from vagina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A vaginal smear is a specific type of specimen collection (surface cell sampling), whereas NMH.AH.XF covers any specimen collection from the vagina; a smear is not a true tissue biopsy, making specimen collection the better fit, albeit broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "176887000", "display" : "Vaginofixation of uterus", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.LC.AA", "display" : "Uterine suspension", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vaginofixation of the uterus is a specific technique that suspends the uterus by suturing it to the vaginal wall; ICHI's \"Uterine suspension\" captures the operative goal but is broader as it does not specify the transvaginal suturing technique." }] }, { "code" : "120013000", "display" : "Vas deferens excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGD.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of spermatic cord", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI maps vas deferens procedures under the spermatic cord block (NGD), and NGD.JK.AA is the best-fitting excision code; however, it covers the entire spermatic cord rather than the vas deferens specifically, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "440401008", "display" : "Vascular disease risk assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.AA.ZZ is the closest available ICHI code, covering assessment of cardiovascular function generally; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not restricted to risk assessment specifically." }] }, { "code" : "385467009", "display" : "Vascular procedure on axilla", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-ICA", "display" : "Interventions on vessels of upper limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no axilla-specific vascular codes; axillary vessels fall under the upper limb block (ICA/ICD), making BlockL4-ICA the best available match. This block-level code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which restricts to the axilla region." }] }, { "code" : "236358002", "display" : "Vascular procedure on the penis", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-NGM", "display" : "Interventions on penis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's NGM block covers all interventions on the penis but is not subdivided by vascular versus non-vascular; the only explicitly vascular code is NGM.LI.AA (Revascularisation of penis), which is too narrow for this grouper concept." }] }, { "code" : "287373009", "display" : "Vascular prosthesis by-pass graft", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI captures the core bypass procedure on a blood vessel but does not specify the use of a prosthetic graft as the means, nor is it restricted to any anatomical site, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies prosthesis bypass graft." }] }, { "code" : "373392003", "display" : "Vascular surgery procedure on abdominal region", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-IEA", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal vessels", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is itself a high-level grouping for any vascular surgical procedure in the abdominal region; BlockL4-IEA covers all interventions on abdominal vessels but is wider as it includes non-surgical (endovascular, imaging) interventions." }] }, { "code" : "373198009", "display" : "Vascular surgical procedure on lower limb", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-IFA", "display" : "Interventions on vessels of lower limb", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a broad category-level grouping for any vascular surgical procedure on the lower limb; BlockL4-IFA is the closest ICHI structural match but is wider because it encompasses both arterial and venous interventions and includes non-surgical approaches." }] }, { "code" : "1204096004", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to carpal bone with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to bone of hand or finger", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MGB.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for a bone graft targeting the hand skeleton (which includes carpal bones), but ICHI does not distinguish vascularized from non-vascularized grafts nor does it encode the microsurgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "1204097008", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to femur with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MLB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to femur", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MLB.ML.AA matches the anatomical target (femur) and the graft action, but ICHI does not encode whether the graft is vascularized or performed with microsurgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "1204098003", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to fibula with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the tibia or fibula together as a combined target, making it broader than a fibula-specific SNOMED concept; additionally, ICHI does not distinguish vascularized/microsurgical bone grafts from conventional grafts within this code." }] }, { "code" : "1204101004", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to humerus with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to humerus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MEB.ML.AA matches the target anatomy (humerus) precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish vascularized microsurgical bone grafting from non-vascularized conventional grafting." }] }, { "code" : "817964008", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to pelvis with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MKB.ML.AA matches the pelvic target anatomy, but ICHI encodes no distinction between vascularized (microsurgical) and non-vascularized bone grafts." }] }, { "code" : "1204102006", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to radius with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to forearm", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFB.ML.AA covers bone graft to the entire forearm (radius and ulna combined), making it broader than the radius-specific SNOMED concept; furthermore, ICHI does not encode the vascularized microsurgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "817963002", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to spine with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI only offers spine bone graft codes at specific vertebral levels with no single assignable code for the spine generically, so MRB.ML.AA (unspecified site) is used as the closest available generic option; the microsurgical vascularized technique is also not distinguished." }] }, { "code" : "1204099006", "display" : "Vascularized bone graft to tibia with microsurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNB.ML.AA", "display" : "Bone graft to tibia or fibula", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MNB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the tibia or fibula broadly, but does not capture two specific features of the SNOMED concept: the graft being vascularized and the use of microsurgical technique." }] }, { "code" : "243065005", "display" : "Vasectomy education", "target" : [{ "code" : "NUD.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about functions related to fertility", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vasectomy education is a specific patient counselling activity about a procedure that affects male fertility; the closest ICHI category is education about functions related to fertility, which is broader as it covers all fertility-related education rather than specifically vasectomy counselling." }] }, { "code" : "870386000", "display" : "Vasopressor therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vasopressor therapy is the administration of vasoactive drugs to raise blood pressure; ICHI has no specific vasopressor or vasoactive drug code, so the best available match is the generic pharmacotherapy administration code, which is substantially broader and does not specify drug class." }] }, { "code" : "360141002", "display" : "Vectis extraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vectis extraction is an obstetric technique using a single-blade lever (vectis) to assist vaginal delivery of the fetal head; ICHI has no specific code for instrumental vaginal delivery by vectis or any other instrument, so vaginal delivery is the best available but broader match." }] }, { "code" : "231745000", "display" : "Vectis extraction of lens", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBF.JK.AA covers extraction of the lens in general, while the SNOMED concept specifies \"vectis\" extraction — a specific technique using a vectis instrument. ICHI does not distinguish this instrument-level variant." }] }, { "code" : "119818004", "display" : "Vein closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZD.LA.AA", "display" : "Occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vein closure\" is a broad term encompassing ligation, sclerotherapy, thermal ablation, or mechanical occlusion of a vein. IZD.LA.AA captures the generic occlusion concept for unspecified veins, though the ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish the method." }] }, { "code" : "22778000", "display" : "Venipuncture", "target" : [{ "code" : "DIA.AH.XA", "display" : "Specimen collection of blood", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Venipuncture is a specific technique (needle puncture of a vein) performed primarily to collect blood, while DIA.AH.XA covers specimen collection of blood by any means. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the venous/needle route." }] }, { "code" : "69380006", "display" : "Venous catheterization for renal dialysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "NAA.JC.AF", "display" : "Renal dialysis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI NAA.JC.AF describes the renal dialysis procedure as a whole rather than the catheterization step used to establish venous access; the SNOMED concept is narrower in scope (just the venous access component)." }] }, { "code" : "233050006", "display" : "Ventricular operation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-HBA", "display" : "Interventions on heart, ventricle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Ventricular operation\" is a high-level grouper for any operation on a cardiac ventricle; BlockL4-HBA is the closest structural equivalent but is an organisational block rather than an assignable category code." }] }, { "code" : "870252007", "display" : "Ventricular tachycardia ablation", "target" : [{ "code" : "HFC.GA.AF", "display" : "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "VT ablation is performed percutaneously via catheter to destroy arrhythmogenic myocardial circuits; ICHI codes ablation under \"cardiac conduction system\" without distinguishing VT-specific targets from other indications." }] }, { "code" : "10795000", "display" : "Ventriculocaval shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Ventricular shunt\" covers all types of ventricular CSF diversion; the SNOMED concept is more specific in naming both the vena cava destination and the presence of a valve mechanism." }] }, { "code" : "359958000", "display" : "Ventriculocisternal shunt with valve", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.LI.AA", "display" : "Ventricular shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI \"Ventricular shunt\" subsumes ventriculocisternal shunting as a variant; the SNOMED concept is more specific in identifying the cisternal destination and the valve component." }] }, { "code" : "287227005", "display" : "Ventriculopuncture of brain", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAE.JB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous drainage of ventricles of brain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ventriculopuncture is a needle puncture of a brain ventricle, performed percutaneously for CSF drainage or pressure relief; the ICHI code is slightly wider as it encompasses any form of percutaneous ventricular drainage." }] }, { "code" : "313069005", "display" : "Verbal abuse counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VB1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about violence-related behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Verbal abuse is a form of violence-related behaviour and counselling is the correct ICHI action; however, ICHI's code is broader — it covers all violence-related behaviours rather than specifically verbal/psychological abuse." }] }, { "code" : "225219005", "display" : "Verbal communication interventions", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-SGA", "display" : "Interventions on conversation and use of communication devices and techniques", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The closest structural match is a non-assignable block that also encompasses non-verbal communication devices, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "107758008", "display" : "Vertebral column destructive procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-MBA", "display" : "Interventions on vertebral column", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No single ICHI category exists for a generic \"vertebral column destructive procedure\"; the block groups all vertebral column procedures including destructive ones, though it is still wider as it includes non-destructive interventions." }] }, { "code" : "107755006", "display" : "Vertebral column excision", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBZ.JK.AA", "display" : "Total ostectomy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers broadly to excision of the vertebral column without specifying level or extent; MBZ.JK.AA covers total excision of a vertebra at an unspecified site, the best available match in the unspecified vertebral column block." }] }, { "code" : "287349001", "display" : "Vessel graft by-pass", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept specifies a bypass performed using a graft on an unspecified vessel; IZE.LI.AA captures the bypass but does not encode the graft means, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "287342005", "display" : "Vessel shunt/by-pass", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a grouper combining both shunting and bypassing of blood vessels; IZE.LI.AA covers only the bypass modality and does not encode shunting." }] }, { "code" : "287348009", "display" : "Vessel synthetic by-pass", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.LI.AA", "display" : "Bypass of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to synthetic-graft bypasses; IZE.LI.AA captures any bypass of an unspecified blood vessel but does not encode the synthetic conduit material." }] }, { "code" : "287346008", "display" : "Vessel synthetic implant", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Implanting a synthetic conduit into a vessel most closely corresponds to reconstruction of a blood vessel; ICHI does not encode the synthetic-material attribute." }] }, { "code" : "438617006", "display" : "Vestibular nerve section by transcranial approach", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "AAN.FB.AA encodes open division (section) of any cranial nerve, which encompasses the vestibular branch of CN VIII via a transcranial approach; ICHI does not further specify the nerve identity or the transcranial route." }] }, { "code" : "172742006", "display" : "Vestibular neurectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Neurectomy best maps to partial excision of a cranial nerve; ICHI does not specify the vestibular nerve identity." }] }, { "code" : "33220009", "display" : "Vestibuloplasty of entire arch", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAZ.LK.AC", "display" : "Extension or deepening of buccolabial or lingual sulcus of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vestibuloplasty deepens the oral vestibule; KAZ.LK.AC captures this action but is scoped to the oral cavity generally rather than specifying the full arch." }] }, { "code" : "709135003", "display" : "Video screen time education", "target" : [{ "code" : "VEL.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for screen time or digital media use education; VEL.PM.ZZ is the closest thematic fit, broader as it covers all psychological health behaviours." }] }, { "code" : "82463000", "display" : "Vidianectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vidianectomy is the surgical resection of the vidian nerve; no ICHI code exists for this specific nerve, so the broader cranial nerve excision code is the closest structural match." }] }, { "code" : "410237006", "display" : "Violence control management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL3-VB1", "display" : "Interventions on violence-related behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Violence control management\" is a high-level concept covering the full spectrum of interventions; the block best reflects this broad scope, though it is an organisational block rather than an assignable code." }] }, { "code" : "69873004", "display" : "Viscosity measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of haematological system functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Blood viscosity measurement is a specific haematological function measurement, but DTA.AB.ZZ covers all haematological system function measurements rather than viscosity alone." }] }, { "code" : "408888006", "display" : "Vision care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BZZ.AA.AH", "display" : "Assessment of the eye and eye functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Vision care assessment\" implies a broad clinical eye and vision evaluation; the ICHI code is broader as it does not limit itself to the \"care\" framing." }] }, { "code" : "408760009", "display" : "Vision screening", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vision screening aligns most closely with \"Test of seeing functions\"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any test of seeing functions rather than specifically population-based screening." }] }, { "code" : "183270005", "display" : "Visual defect-remedial therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Visual defect-remedial therapy\" aligns most closely with training of seeing functions; the ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the remedial/corrective goal." }] }, { "code" : "65943000", "display" : "Visual rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "BTB.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training of seeing functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Visual rehabilitation encompasses a programme of interventions to restore or compensate for lost visual function; the best available ICHI code captures the rehabilitative training dimension but is broader." }] }, { "code" : "231770000", "display" : "Vitreoretinal procedures for retinal detachment", "target" : [{ "code" : "BCC.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of retina", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Broad SNOMED grouper covering vitrectomy, scleral buckling, retinopexy, etc.; the closest assignable ICHI code captures retinal repair, the dominant corrective intent." }] }, { "code" : "70082004", "display" : "Vocational rehabilitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "SU2.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vocational rehabilitation is a multi-component programme to restore work capacity; the ICHI training code captures the dominant action but is broader and does not encode the rehabilitative scope." }] }, { "code" : "311683000", "display" : "Voice hygiene procedures", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Voice hygiene is educational/behavioural intervention teaching vocal protection (hydration, vocal rest); ICHI code is wider as it covers any education about voice functions beyond hygiene specifically." }] }, { "code" : "311689001", "display" : "Voice use awareness", "target" : [{ "code" : "JUB.PN.ZZ", "display" : "Advising about voice functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Voice use awareness aims to raise patient insight into voice use; the ICHI advising code is wider as it covers all forms of advice on voice function beyond awareness-raising." }] }, { "code" : "408197007", "display" : "von Willebrand Normandy screening test", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of functions of the haematological system", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A specific haematological assay subtyping von Willebrand disease; the only comparable ICHI code covers any test of haematological function and is substantially broader than this named test." }] }, { "code" : "68792000", "display" : "Wardill operation, cleft palate repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of hard palate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Wardill (V-Y pushback) operation repairs cleft palate involving the hard palate; ICHI is broader as it covers any hard palate repair technique, and the operation also typically involves the soft palate." }] }, { "code" : "225173005", "display" : "Washing stoma with clean lukewarm water", "target" : [{ "code" : "PTD.SN.AC", "display" : "Management of stoma, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Washing a stoma with water is a specific stoma hygiene/maintenance task within stoma management; ICHI code is broader, covering all unspecified stoma management activities." }] }, { "code" : "243191009", "display" : "Wasp desensitization therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AE", "display" : "Percutaneous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wasp (Hymenoptera venom) desensitization is allergen immunotherapy delivered subcutaneously; ICHI code is broader, covering any percutaneous administration of any immunological agent." }] }, { "code" : "59254005", "display" : "Water analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "UBN.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water quality", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest ICHI concept to water analysis; it is slightly broader, framing the activity as a public health environmental assessment rather than a specific analytical test." }] }, { "code" : "177185001", "display" : "Water birth delivery", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JF.AC", "display" : "Vaginal delivery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific water birth code; vaginal delivery is the closest applicable category and is broader because it does not capture aquatic immersion during birth." }] }, { "code" : "870392006", "display" : "Weaning from noninvasive ventilation", "target" : [{ "code" : "JTB.DE.AC", "display" : "Artificial ventilation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest ICHI code covering mechanical ventilatory support, but broader: it does not distinguish noninvasive from invasive ventilation, nor cover the weaning/discontinuation process specifically." }] }, { "code" : "20418004", "display" : "Wedge resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Generic SNOMED concept (site unspecified) most commonly applied to lung; the ICHI code is wider as it covers any local lung lesion excision rather than specifically wedge-shaped resections." }] }, { "code" : "185830005", "display" : "Well adult monitoring first letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sending a first invitation/recall letter for well-adult monitoring; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but encodes no postal modality or sequence position. Aligned with rows 20579-20582 (3rd letter, telephone invite, verbal invite, Well man invitation) — no ICHI-relevant distinction exists between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd invitation letters." }] }, { "code" : "185831009", "display" : "Well adult monitoring second letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sending a follow-up (second) invitation/recall letter for well-adult monitoring; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but encodes no postal modality or sequence position. Aligned with rows 20579-20582 — no ICHI-relevant distinction exists between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd invitation letters." }] }, { "code" : "185834001", "display" : "Well adult monitoring telephone invite", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Mode-specific outreach act targeting screening uptake; the ICHI code captures the broader alerting category but does not encode the telephone medium or well-adult monitoring context." }] }, { "code" : "185832002", "display" : "Well adult monitoring third letter", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sending a third (follow-up) letter to invite well-adult monitoring; nearest ICHI code covers alerting individuals about screening behaviours but encodes no postal modality or repetition sequence." }] }, { "code" : "185833007", "display" : "Well adult monitoring verbal invite", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Verbal (face-to-face/opportunistic) invitation for well-adult monitoring; closest ICHI code is broader, encoding no information about the verbal modality or specific monitoring programme." }] }, { "code" : "310433008", "display" : "Well man monitoring invitation", "target" : [{ "code" : "VDB.VF.ZZ", "display" : "Alert concerning screening behaviours", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Invitation to a well-man monitoring programme — outreach/alert engaging male patients in preventive screening; ICHI code is broader, lacking sex-specific or modality-specific detail." }] }, { "code" : "410321003", "display" : "Wellness health education, guidance, and counseling", "target" : [{ "code" : "VE1.PP.ZZ", "display" : "Counselling about lifestyle behaviours, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI covers counselling, education, and advising as separate action codes across many target domains, so no single code captures all three modalities (education + guidance + counselling) in one. VE1.PP.ZZ is the broadest available single code that encompasses general wellness-oriented health behaviour support, though it is strictly narrower in action than the SNOMED concept — making the ICHI code broader in scope of subject matter but narrower in action; on balance the ICHI code is wider in target coverage than this specific SNOMED wellness counselling concept." }] }, { "code" : "229609004", "display" : "Wheelchair education", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJJ.PM.ZZ", "display" : "Education about moving around using equipment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJJ.PM.ZZ covers education about mobility using any equipment, of which a wheelchair is the prototypical example; the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it is not specific to wheelchairs and encompasses all mobility equipment. It is nonetheless the best available match, falling under the \"Interventions on mobility\" hierarchy within activities and participation." }] }, { "code" : "229610009", "display" : "Wheelchair use training", "target" : [{ "code" : "SJJ.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in moving around using equipment", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "SJJ.PH.ZZ covers training in moving around using any equipment, of which wheelchair use is the prototypical example, but the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all mobility equipment (crutches, walkers, scooters, etc.). No more specific wheelchair training code exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "252221005", "display" : "Whiskey stimulation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AVA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of taste functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The whiskey stimulation test is a provocative test that assesses gustatory (taste) and autonomic salivary gland function — most closely mapped to \"Test of taste functions\" in ICHI. The ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the whiskey/alcohol stimulus modality or the autonomic (Frey's syndrome) aspect of the test." }] }, { "code" : "250307001", "display" : "White blood cell cytochemical reaction determination", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "WBC cytochemical reaction determination (special staining of leukocytes for peroxidase, Sudan black, etc.) falls within the scope of peripheral blood film examination in ICHI, which is the closest available code; no dedicated cytochemistry or histochemical staining code exists in ICHI, making this mapping approximate and the ICHI code broader in scope." }] }, { "code" : "252306001", "display" : "White blood cell cytochemistry", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "WBC cytochemistry as a category (the broader discipline of applying chemical reactions to characterise leukocytes morphologically) maps to the same peripheral blood film examination code in ICHI, as ICHI does not have a dedicated cytochemistry code." }] }, { "code" : "250300004", "display" : "White blood cell enzyme activity measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG06E8", "display" : "Peripheral blood film examination", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "WBC enzyme activity measurement (e.g., G6PD, myeloperoxidase, or alkaline phosphatase scoring on leukocytes) is not represented by a dedicated ICHI code; peripheral blood film examination is the closest available code in the Essential laboratory tests block, though it is broader since it does not specify enzymatic assay methodology." }] }, { "code" : "47616002", "display" : "White blood cell localization, whole body", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to a whole-body scan using radiolabelled white blood cells to detect sites of infection or inflammation, whereas PZA.BA.BE covers any whole-body radioisotope scan regardless of the tracer or clinical purpose. ICHI does not distinguish the WBC-labelling technique, so the ICHI code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "228084000", "display" : "Whole body bone imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Whole body bone imaging is a bone scintigraphy procedure using a radioisotope tracer (typically Tc-99m diphosphonate) to image the entire skeleton, and PZA.BA.BE captures both the whole-body scope and radioisotope modality. However, ICHI does not specify the skeletal target — the code covers any whole-body radioisotope scan — making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431649002", "display" : "Whole body platelet study", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A whole body platelet study is a nuclear medicine (radioisotope) procedure in which radiolabelled platelets are imaged over the whole body; PZA.BA.BE captures the whole-body radioisotope imaging modality but does not specify the platelet tracer, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "447864009", "display" : "Whole body scan using thallium Tl^201^", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.BA.BE", "display" : "Radioisotope scan of whole body", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Thallium-201 is a specific radioisotope tracer used for whole-body scintigraphy; PZA.BA.BE matches the whole-body radioisotope scan modality but does not encode the specific Tl-201 agent, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1363228002", "display" : "Whole lung lavage", "target" : [{ "code" : "JBF.JA.AD", "display" : "Irrigation of lung", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Whole lung lavage (therapeutic bronchoalveolar irrigation, typically for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis) corresponds most closely to JBF.JA.AD \"Irrigation of lung,\" but ICHI does not distinguish whole-lung lavage from other forms of lung irrigation, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "174692003", "display" : "Whole organ pancreatic transplant", "target" : [{ "code" : "KCO.KD.AA", "display" : "Pancreatic transplant", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KCO.KD.AA directly represents pancreatic transplant, which aligns well with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish whole-organ from segmental or partial pancreatic transplant, so the ICHI code is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "178230005", "display" : "Wide excision of muscle tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.JJ.AA", "display" : "Excision of muscle of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Wide excision\" implies removal with a margin of surrounding tissue (typically for tumour clearance), which is a more specific surgical intent than ICHI's generic \"excision of muscle of unspecified site\"; additionally, the ICHI code does not specify the wide/radical margin, making it broader. The unspecified site aligns with the SNOMED concept which is also site-nonspecific." }] }, { "code" : "1157032003", "display" : "Wide excision of soft tissue of foot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI lacks a site-specific code for soft tissue excision of the foot — the foot soft tissue block (MOM) only contains a reconstruction code, and the soft tissue lower limb block (MQS) contains no excision codes. MRS.JJ.AA is the best available match but is broader in two respects: it does not specify the foot as the site, and it does not capture the \"wide\" (margin-bearing) nature of the excision." }] }, { "code" : "1208534003", "display" : "Wide excision of soft tissue of shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRS.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI shoulder block (MDB) has no soft tissue excision code, and the upper limb soft tissue block (MIS) contains no excision codes, leaving the unspecified-site code MRS.JJ.AA as the closest match. It is broader because it omits both the shoulder site specificity and the wide-excision margin intent." }] }, { "code" : "252695002", "display" : "Wind-up test", "target" : [{ "code" : "AXA.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The wind-up test is a standardised clinical procedure that assesses temporal summation of pain (central sensitisation) by applying repeated stimuli and observing increasing pain response; it is a specific type of pain test. AXA.AC.ZZ covers testing of pain generically and is thus broader, but it is the most specific applicable ICHI code — no code for quantitative sensory testing or temporal summation testing exists in ICHI." }] }, { "code" : "785907006", "display" : "Wire guided cricothyroidotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAN.FA.AA", "display" : "Incision of larynx", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Cricothyroidotomy is an incision through the cricothyroid membrane (part of the larynx) to establish an emergency airway, so JAN.FA.AA (Incision of larynx) is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader — it does not capture the specific cricothyroid membrane site, the wire-guided (Seldinger) technique, or the airway-establishment purpose, making it a wider mapping rather than an equivalent one." }] }, { "code" : "237011008", "display" : "Wood's screw maneuver", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMR.LD.AC", "display" : "Rotation of fetus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Wood's screw maneuver is a specific obstetric technique in which the posterior fetal shoulder is rotated to relieve shoulder dystocia, making it a form of internal fetal rotation. NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) captures the essential action and anatomical target but is broader, as it does not specify the rotational direction, the maneuver name, or the shoulder-dystocia indication." }] }, { "code" : "385941006", "display" : "Wound care assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no direct \"wound\" terminology; the closest concept is assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue (integumentary system), which is the anatomical target of wound care. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers all skin assessment, not specifically wound-focused assessment." }] }, { "code" : "29845000", "display" : "Xenon flow scan of cardiovascular system", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.BA.BE", "display" : "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Xenon flow scanning of the cardiovascular system is a radionuclide-based imaging technique for assessing cardiac blood flow and output; HTB.BA.BE covers cardiac output scans broadly but does not specify xenon as the imaging agent or restrict to flow measurement, making the ICHI code wider than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "174808005", "display" : "Xenotransplant of heart", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.KD.AA", "display" : "Heart transplantation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.KD.AA captures heart transplantation in general, but does not distinguish the graft source (xenograft from a non-human animal vs. allograft from a human donor); the ICHI code is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept which specifies a xenograft." }] }, { "code" : "418170009", "display" : "Yag laser trabeculotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "YAG laser trabeculotomy creates an opening in the trabecular meshwork to lower intraocular pressure by facilitating aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA is the closest available ICHI category but is broader — it does not specify laser as the means, does not name trabeculotomy explicitly, and encompasses any technique to facilitate anterior chamber circulation." }] }, { "code" : "13613000", "display" : "Zancolli operation capsuloplasty", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Zancolli operation is a capsuloplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand, performed for claw hand deformity (typically in ulnar palsy). MGJ.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code and is broader, as ICHI does not have a specific capsuloplasty or Zancolli-named code; \"repair\" encompasses capsuloplasty but does not specify the capsular tightening technique." }] }, { "code" : "437251000124102", "display" : "Zinc modified diet", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAB.DA.ZZ", "display" : "Food modification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "A zinc-modified diet is a specific dietary intervention that restricts or adjusts zinc content; UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is the best available ICHI match under the \"Interventions on food\" block, but it is broader as it covers any food modification without specifying the nutrient or mineral involved." }] }, { "code" : "66542005", "display" : "Zonulolysis with lens extraction", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBF.JK.AA", "display" : "Extraction of lens", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Zonulolysis (enzymatic dissolution of the zonules/suspensory ligaments) is a preparatory step performed as part of intracapsular lens extraction; BBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens) captures the primary operative procedure but is broader in that it does not specify the use of zonulolysis as the technique." }] }, { "code" : "268400002", "display" : "12 lead ECG", "target" : [{ "code" : "HTB.AC.AH", "display" : "Electrocardiogram, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HTB.AC.AH covers electrocardiograms in general without specifying lead configuration, so it is broader than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a 12-lead ECG." }] }, { "code" : "121876007", "display" : "2-Hydroxy-3-methylvalerate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for the specific measurement of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylvalerate (an organic acid assayed in urine organic acid profiling for maple syrup urine disease/MSUD-related disorders). XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry), a general urine chemical analysis category under Essential laboratory tests, is the closest available code but is substantially broader than this single-analyte quantitative measurement." }] }, { "code" : "121877003", "display" : "2-Hydroxyadipate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for measurement of 2-Hydroxyadipate, an organic acid marker measured in urine for inborn errors of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the best available approximation, but covers all urine chemical analyses rather than this specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "121878008", "display" : "2-Hydroxybutyrate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "No specific ICHI code exists for 2-Hydroxybutyrate measurement, a short-chain organic acid measured in urine or plasma in the evaluation of metabolic acidosis and inborn errors of metabolism. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the broadest available category that could encompass this analyte measurement, but is far wider in scope." }] }, { "code" : "121879000", "display" : "2-Hydroxyglutarate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated code for 2-Hydroxyglutarate measurement, a key diagnostic marker for D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria as well as IDH-mutant tumours. XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the nearest available ICHI code but encompasses all urine chemistry analyses rather than this single specific measurement." }] }, { "code" : "121880002", "display" : "2-Hydroxyisocaproate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "There is no ICHI code for 2-Hydroxyisocaproate (a leucine-derived organic acid measured in urine organic acid profiles, relevant to maple syrup urine disease). XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest available code but is a general category covering all urine chemical analyses, making it substantially wider than this single-analyte measurement." }] }, { "code" : "121881003", "display" : "2-Hydroxyisovalerate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "2-Hydroxyisovalerate is an organic acid biomarker for maple syrup urine disease measured in urine; ICHI has no code for individual organic acid analytes, so \"Urine chemistry\" (XG0NB5) is the closest assignable laboratory code. It is wider because it encompasses all urine chemistry tests, not this specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "121882005", "display" : "2-Methyl,3-hydroxybutyrate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate is a urine organic acid marker for beta-ketothiolase deficiency (an inborn error of metabolism); ICHI has no individual organic acid assay code, making \"Urine chemistry\" (XG0NB5) the best available laboratory category, though it is far wider than this single analyte." }] }, { "code" : "121884006", "display" : "2-methylcitrate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "2-Methylcitrate is a urine organic acid biomarker for propionic/methylmalonic acidemia and is routinely measured by urine organic acid GC-MS; ICHI's closest assignable laboratory code is \"Urine chemistry\" (XG0NB5), which is wider as it covers all urine chemistry rather than this specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "105045004", "display" : "2-pyridone measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "2-pyridone is a urinary metabolite of niacin measured in urine to assess vitamin B3 status; no ICHI code exists for this specific analyte. NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of urinary excretory functions broadly, which is wider than this single-analyte urine measurement." }] }, { "code" : "105046003", "display" : "2-pyridone/n'-methylnicotinamide ratio measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This is a ratio of two urinary niacin metabolites used to assess niacin nutritional status, with no specific ICHI analyte code available. NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest match as the procedure involves measuring a urinary chemical output, making it wider than this specific ratio measurement." }] }, { "code" : "781637006", "display" : "2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "TTCA is a urinary biomarker of carbon disulfide occupational exposure measured in urine, with no ICHI code for this specific compound or occupational toxicology urine analytes. NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available match as a urinary function measurement code, though it is far broader than this analyte-specific test." }] }, { "code" : "394951002", "display" : "24 hour urine 3-methoxytyramine output", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-methoxytyramine is a dopamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine collections as part of catecholamine/pheochromocytoma workup; no ICHI code exists for this specific analyte or dopamine metabolites. NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest available code as a urine output measurement, though it is considerably broader than this specific analyte test." }] }, { "code" : "313824003", "display" : "24 hour urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for 5-HIAA (the serotonin metabolite) or any specific indole metabolite measurement; XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" under \"Essential laboratory tests\" is the closest available code, but it covers all chemical analysis of urine rather than this specific analyte, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "313502007", "display" : "24 hour urine albumin output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "While XG8BA3 \"Albumin\" exists as an ICHI extension code (analyte qualifier), it is not a standalone procedure code and is not urine-specific; XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is the best assignable code covering quantitative urinary protein/albumin analysis, though wider than this specific measurement." }] }, { "code" : "391540009", "display" : "24 hour urine aldosterone output", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for aldosterone or any mineralocorticoid measurement; XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is the best available match as a urine chemical analysis code, but it is considerably wider than this specific hormonal assay." }] }, { "code" : "313515003", "display" : "24 hour urine amylase output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG9SZ5 \"Lipase or amylase\" exists as an ICHI extension code but is not urine-specific and functions as a supplementary qualifier rather than an assignable procedure code; XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is the best assignable code but covers all urine chemical analysis rather than amylase specifically." }] }, { "code" : "391357007", "display" : "24 hour urine arsenic output", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for arsenic, heavy metals, or toxicological urine measurements; XG0NB5 \"Urine chemistry\" is the closest available code covering chemical analysis of urine, but it is considerably wider than this specific toxicology/heavy metal assay." }] }, { "code" : "313929007", "display" : "24 hour urine catecholamine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no catecholamine-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of substances excreted via the urinary system, which is the functional category this 24-hour urine catecholamine test falls under. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all urinary excretory measurements, not specifically catecholamines." }] }, { "code" : "313460000", "display" : "24 hour urine citrate output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no citrate-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the best available match for this 24-hour urine citrate excretion test used in kidney stone workup. The ICHI code is wider as it encompasses all urinary excretory function measurements rather than citrate specifically." }] }, { "code" : "313934006", "display" : "24 hour urine copper output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no copper-specific urine measurement code; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the best available match for this 24-hour urine copper test used in Wilson's disease workup. The ICHI code is wider as it covers urinary excretory function measurement generally, not copper specifically." }] }, { "code" : "313676001", "display" : "24 hour urine dopamine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Dopamine is a catecholamine measured in 24-hour urine for pheochromocytoma/neuroendocrine tumour workup; ICHI has no dopamine-specific code, making NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) the closest procedural category. The ICHI code is wider as it is not specific to dopamine or catecholamine measurement." }] }, { "code" : "401261001", "display" : "24 hour urine electrolytes measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) measured in 24-hour urine directly assess water and electrolyte balance, making ETE.AA.ZZ a better semantic fit than the generic urinary excretory measurement code. The ICHI code is wider as it covers all electrolyte balance assessment, not solely the 24-hour urine collection method." }] }, { "code" : "313593006", "display" : "24 hour urine epinephrine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETK.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of endocrine gland functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urinary epinephrine (adrenaline) is a catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla; its 24-hour urine measurement is a specific biochemical assessment of adrenal endocrine output. ICHI has no code specific to catecholamine or epinephrine measurement, so ETK.AA.ZZ (assessment of endocrine gland functions) is the closest match but is substantially wider, covering all endocrine gland function assessments without specificity to catecholamines or urine collection." }] }, { "code" : "390944003", "display" : "24 hour urine homovanillic acid output", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETB.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of general metabolic functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Homovanillic acid (HVA) is a dopamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine as a marker of catecholamine metabolism, used primarily in neuroblastoma workup. ICHI contains no specific code for HVA or dopamine metabolite measurement; ETB.AA.ZZ (assessment of general metabolic functions) is the best available match, but is far wider, encompassing all metabolic function assessments rather than this specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "313532004", "display" : "24 hour urine iron output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urinary iron output in 24 hours reflects iron metabolism and mineral balance, placing it most appropriately within the water, mineral and electrolyte balance function block. ICHI lacks a specific code for urine iron measurement, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the best fit but is wider, covering all mineral and electrolyte balance assessments rather than iron specifically." }] }, { "code" : "391482006", "display" : "24 hour urine lead output", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urine lead output is a toxicological test performed on 24-hour urine to assess heavy metal excretion, which is a function of the renal/urinary excretory system. No ICHI code exists for heavy metal toxicology or lead specifically; NTC.AB.ZZ (measurement of urinary excretory functions) captures the measurement of what is excreted in urine but is wider, with no specificity to lead or heavy metals." }] }, { "code" : "313675002", "display" : "24 hour urine magnesium output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "ETE.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urinary magnesium in 24-hour urine is a direct assessment of magnesium (a mineral/electrolyte) balance and renal handling, fitting squarely within the water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions block. ETE.AA.ZZ is the best available ICHI match but remains wider, as it covers all minerals and electrolytes rather than magnesium specifically." }] }, { "code" : "390946001", "display" : "24 hour urine metadrenaline output", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ covers quantitative measurement of any substance excreted in urine, which encompasses 24-hour urine metanephrine (metadrenaline) output; however, ICHI does not specify the analyte (metanephrine) or the timed collection method, making the ICHI code substantially broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "391358002", "display" : "24 hour urine nickel output", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for any quantitative urine excretion measurement, covering urinary nickel output as a urinary excretory function measurement; ICHI lacks any analyte-specific or heavy-metal-specific urine measurement code, so the mapping is many-to-one and the ICHI code is far broader." }] }, { "code" : "313552003", "display" : "24 hour urine norepinephrine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urinary norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is a catecholamine measured in timed urine collections; NTC.AB.ZZ captures the general class of urinary excretion measurement but does not encode the specific analyte or catecholamine context, making the ICHI code wider than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "390947005", "display" : "24 hour urine normetadrenaline output", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Normetanephrine (normetadrenaline) is a catecholamine metabolite measured in 24-hour urine for pheochromocytoma workup; NTC.AB.ZZ is the closest ICHI code as a generic urinary excretory measurement, but the specific analyte and clinical context are not captured." }] }, { "code" : "313945009", "display" : "24 hour urine oxalate output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Urinary oxalate measurement in a timed urine collection (used in kidney stone workup) falls under quantitative measurement of urinary excretory functions; ICHI has no oxalate-specific or kidney-stone-panel-specific code, so NTC.AB.ZZ is broader than this specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "313935007", "display" : "24 hour urine phosphate output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2C47", "display" : "Phosphate", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG2C47 covers phosphate measurement generically without specifying specimen type (urine vs serum) or collection method (24-hour vs spot), so it is wider than the SNOMED concept which is specifically a timed urine phosphate excretion test." }] }, { "code" : "313658008", "display" : "24 hour urine potassium output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG1Y88", "display" : "Electrolytes", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "XG1Y88 covers electrolyte testing broadly (sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.) without specifying potassium alone, urine as the specimen, or a 24-hour collection, so the ICHI code is wider than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "271068005", "display" : "24 hour urine sample volume measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NTC.AB.ZZ covers measurement of urinary excretory functions broadly, which encompasses 24-hour urine volume measurement, but the ICHI code is not specific to volume or to the timed collection method. No more precise ICHI code exists for this specific measurement." }] }, { "code" : "313663007", "display" : "24 hour urine urate output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for urinary urate (uric acid) output measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions) is the closest applicable intervention category, but it is considerably broader than the analyte-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "313591008", "display" : "24 hour urine urea output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for urinary urea output measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ is the broadest applicable functional measurement category, covering urinary excretory function measurement in general rather than this specific analyte." }] }, { "code" : "413005001", "display" : "24 hour urine vanillylmandelic acid output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Vanillylmandelic acid (a catecholamine metabolite) has no dedicated ICHI code; NTC.AB.ZZ is the best available match as the general measurement-of-urinary-excretory-functions category, though it is far broader than this highly specific biochemical analyte measurement." }] }, { "code" : "412931006", "display" : "24hr urine arginine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (arginine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement, making it a wider but reasonable mapping for this analyte-specific 24-hour urine measurement." }] }, { "code" : "412929002", "display" : "24hr urine lysine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (lysine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement. Aligned with rows 20684-20688 (urine volume, urate, urea, VMA, arginine — all 24-hour urine analyte measurements map here)." }] }, { "code" : "412927000", "display" : "24hr urine ornithine output measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "NTC.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Measurement of urinary excretory functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not contain a code specific to urinary amino acid (ornithine) measurement; NTC.AB.ZZ represents the broadest applicable category for urinary functional measurement. Aligned with rows 20684-20688 — all 24-hour urine analyte measurements map here." }] }, { "code" : "121893007", "display" : "3-Hydroxy,3-methylglutarate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxy,3-methylglutarate (HMG) is a urine organic acid measured for HMG-CoA lyase deficiency; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715 (5-HIAA urine analytes)." }] }, { "code" : "121287007", "display" : "3-Hydroxyadipate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxyadipate is a urine dicarboxylic acid analyte (mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121291002", "display" : "3-Hydroxyglutarate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxyglutarate is a urine organic acid measured for glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121292009", "display" : "3-Hydroxyisobutyrate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxyisobutyrate is a urine organic acid (valine catabolism defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "104452000", "display" : "3-hydroxyisovalerate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxyisovalerate is a urine organic acid (3-MCC deficiency, biotinidase deficiency); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121297003", "display" : "3-Hydroxypropionate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxypropionate is a urine organic acid (propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "117638008", "display" : "3-Hydroxysebacate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxysebacate is a urine dicarboxylic acid (fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121300008", "display" : "3-Hydroxyvalerate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Hydroxyvalerate is a urine organic acid measured as a metabolic disorder marker; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "359855001", "display" : "3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) is a urine catecholamine metabolite measured for pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma investigation; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121302000", "display" : "3-Methyl,4-hydroxymandelate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Methyl,4-hydroxymandelate is a urine organic acid analyte (catecholamine pathway); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121303005", "display" : "3-Methylcrotonylglycine measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Methylcrotonylglycine is a urine acylglycine marker for 3-MCC deficiency; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121304004", "display" : "3-Methylglutaconate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Methylglutaconate is a urine organic acid (3-methylglutaconic aciduria); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121305003", "display" : "3-Methylglutarate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-Methylglutarate is a urine dicarboxylic acid (specialised metabolic screen); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121306002", "display" : "3-o-Methyldopa measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "3-o-Methyldopa is a urine catecholamine pathway metabolite (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121309009", "display" : "4-Hydroxyphenylacetate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "4-Hydroxyphenylacetate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia, gut bacterial overgrowth); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121310004", "display" : "4-Hydroxyphenyllactate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "4-Hydroxyphenyllactate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia screening); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121311000", "display" : "4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate is a urine tyrosine metabolite (tyrosinaemia screening); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "104454004", "display" : "4-pyridoxate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "4-Pyridoxate is the major urinary vitamin B6 metabolite measured to assess B6 status; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "121313002", "display" : "5-Hydroxyhexanoate measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "5-Hydroxyhexanoate is a urine medium-chain fatty acid metabolite (mitochondrial/fatty acid oxidation defects); XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "82552000", "display" : "5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurement, quantitative, urine", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Urine chemistry\" is the closest available code, representing chemical analysis of urine specimens. It is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies quantitative measurement of a single analyte (5-HIAA, a serotonin metabolite) in urine; ICHI has no code for this specific compound." }] }, { "code" : "412903002", "display" : "5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid/creatinine ratio measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This SNOMED concept specifies a calculated ratio of two analytes (5-HIAA and creatinine), used to normalize urinary 5-HIAA for urine concentration; ICHI has no code for this ratio or either specific analyte, and \"Urine chemistry\" is the best available broader category." }] }, { "code" : "121315009", "display" : "5-Oxoproline measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG0NB5", "display" : "Urine chemistry", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "5-Oxoproline (pyroglutamate) is most commonly measured in urine for glutathione synthetase deficiency / 5-oxoprolinuria; XG0NB5 is wider but is the only ICHI category covering urine biochemistry. Aligned with rows 20714-20715." }] }, { "code" : "1345276007", "display" : "Ab externo trabeculotomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab externo trabeculotomy is a glaucoma procedure that opens the trabecular meshwork via a scleral approach to improve aqueous outflow; BBE.LI.AA captures the functional intent and target region but is broader — it does not encode the external approach, the specific trabecular meshwork target, or the left-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1345275006", "display" : "Ab externo trabeculotomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the left-eye counterpart — BBE.LI.AA captures the core intent of facilitating anterior chamber aqueous circulation but does not specify the ab externo (scleral) approach, the trabecular meshwork target, or right-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1351537008", "display" : "Ab interno trabeculotomy of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Ab interno trabeculotomy uses an angle/gonioscopic internal approach to incise the trabecular meshwork; BBE.LI.AA's target (anterior chamber) and action (facilitation of circulation) align most closely with the procedure's intent, but the code is broader as it omits the internal approach, the specific trabecular tissue, and the left-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "1351536004", "display" : "Ab interno trabeculotomy of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.LI.AA", "display" : "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Same reasoning as the left-eye ab interno counterpart — BBE.LI.AA is the best available ICHI code for a trabeculotomy targeting aqueous outflow via the anterior chamber, but it is broader, lacking specificity for the internal approach, trabecular meshwork tissue, and right-eye laterality." }] }, { "code" : "722189006", "display" : "Abatacept therapy", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abatacept is a biologic immunological agent typically administered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF captures the administration act correctly. However, the ICHI code is broader as it covers any immunological agent given IV, not specifically abatacept or its T-cell costimulation modulator class." }] }, { "code" : "120171006", "display" : "Abdomen closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for closure of a laparotomy wound; \"Repair of abdominal wall\" is the closest available concept, as it covers the surgical action of restoring abdominal wall integrity. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing repairs beyond simple wound closure (e.g., hernia repair)." }] }, { "code" : "120170007", "display" : "Abdomen injection", "target" : [{ "code" : "KMA.DB.AE", "display" : "Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Injection into the abdomen most commonly targets the peritoneal cavity, and this ICHI code specifically represents that procedure. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it references the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity rather than the abdomen as a whole region (which could include the abdominal wall or retroperitoneum)." }] }, { "code" : "120172004", "display" : "Abdomen reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "PAL.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal wall", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Reconstruction of abdominal wall\" is the best ICHI match for abdominal reconstruction, covering the primary structural component of the abdomen. The ICHI code is somewhat narrower in scope relative to the general SNOMED term, which could encompass reconstruction of any abdominal structure, though PAL.ML.AA is the most representative single code." }] }, { "code" : "119805007", "display" : "Abdominal artery endoscopy", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.AE.AF", "display" : "Angioscopy of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Angioscopy (endoscopic visualisation of a blood vessel lumen) of abdominal or pelvic arteries directly corresponds to endoscopy of the abdominal artery. The ICHI code is slightly broader as it includes pelvic arteries in addition to abdominal arteries, whereas the SNOMED concept is limited to abdominal arteries only." }] }, { "code" : "119810006", "display" : "Abdominal artery repair", "target" : [{ "code" : "IEA.ML.AA", "display" : "Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically named \"repair of abdominal or pelvic artery\"; the closest available code is reconstruction (ML action) of the abdominal or pelvic artery, which is broader in that it implies rebuilding/restoring rather than simple repair. The target axis (abdominal or pelvic artery) matches the SNOMED concept well." }] }, { "code" : "229144001", "display" : "Abdominal exercises", "target" : [{ "code" : "MU2.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for muscle functions, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a code specific to abdominal exercises; MU2.PG.ZZ covers exercise led or assisted for muscle functions in general (not limited to abdominal/trunk muscles), making it broader than the SNOMED concept, but it is the closest match in the musculoskeletal rehabilitation section." }] }, { "code" : "48094003", "display" : "Abdominal girth measurement", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.AB.ZZ", "display" : "Whole body measurement", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no code for waist, abdominal, or circumference measurement specifically; PZA.AB.ZZ (Whole body measurement) is the nearest available code under comprehensive/unspecified topography, but it is considerably broader than a targeted abdominal girth measurement." }] }, { "code" : "302615005", "display" : "Abdominal sacrocolpopexy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AA", "display" : "Vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Sacrocolpopexy is a suspension/fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacrum; NMH.LC.AA captures the core procedure (vaginal suspension and fixation via abdominal approach, LC action on the vagina target) but does not specify the sacral attachment point or distinguish abdominal from other approaches, making it slightly broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "736694004", "display" : "Abdominal sacrocolpopexy using mesh", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMH.LC.AA", "display" : "Vaginal suspension and fixation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMH.LC.AA covers vaginal suspension and fixation broadly, which is the correct functional category for sacrocolpopexy (fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacrum). ICHI does not encode the specific abdominal approach or mesh means at the category level, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the abdominal route and mesh use." }] }, { "code" : "177853001", "display" : "Abdominal wall procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-PAL", "display" : "Interventions on abdominal wall, not otherwise specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept is a high-level, non-specific category for any abdominal wall procedure, which maps most naturally to the ICHI block \"Interventions on abdominal wall, not otherwise specified.\" Because the block is not an assignable category code and the SNOMED concept is itself non-specific, the block-level assignment is appropriate; no single leaf category can represent this generic concept." }] }, { "code" : "265414003", "display" : "Abdominoperineal resection", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abdominoperineal resection (APR) involves total excision of the rectum and anus together with permanent colostomy; ICHI codes these structures separately, and KBW.JK.AA (total excision of rectum) captures the dominant and defining surgical component. The ICHI code is wider because it does not capture the simultaneous perineal dissection and anal excision that characterise APR." }] }, { "code" : "385341003", "display" : "Abdominoperineal resection of anus", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBW.JK.AA", "display" : "Total excision of rectum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "This concept emphasises the anus as the target of the abdominoperineal resection, but the procedure is inseparable from total rectal excision; KBW.JK.AA remains the best available ICHI code. ICHI does not have a combined rectum-and-anus total excision code, so the mapping is wider and loses the explicit anus component." }] }, { "code" : "177252003", "display" : "Abdominoplasty and liposuction", "target" : [{ "code" : "LAB.LL.AA", "display" : "Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck with skin and soft tissue reduction) combined with liposuction is best captured by LAB.LL.AA, which covers reduction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk. The ICHI code is wider because it does not separately encode the liposuction component (LAB.LL.AE) nor restrict the target to the abdominal subregion." }] }, { "code" : "60768007", "display" : "Ablation of inner ear by cryosurgery", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCA.GA.AC covers destruction of the inner ear by any means and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies cryosurgery as the technique; ICHI does not have a dedicated means code distinguishing cryosurgical destruction of the inner ear from other destructive methods." }] }, { "code" : "45560006", "display" : "Ablation of inner ear by ultrasound", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCA.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of inner ear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCA.GA.AC covers destruction of the inner ear by any means and is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies focused ultrasound as the technique; ICHI has no means axis variant that distinguishes ultrasound-based ablation of the inner ear from other destructive modalities." }] }, { "code" : "1281846002", "display" : "Ablation of prostate", "target" : [{ "code" : "NGA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of prostate and seminal vesicle", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NGA.GA.AA covers destruction of the prostate (ICHI's term for ablation) but includes the seminal vesicle as well, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which is limited to the prostate alone. More approach-specific codes exist (e.g. transrectal, transurethral) but NGA.GA.AA is the best unspecified match for the generic ablation concept." }] }, { "code" : "235515005", "display" : "Ablation of splanchnic nerves", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.GA.AA", "display" : "Destruction of peripheral nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific code for splanchnic nerve ablation; the splanchnic nerves are part of the thoracic sympathetic chain and are classified as peripheral nerves. ACA.GA.AA (destruction of peripheral nerve) is the closest generic match, but is broader as it covers any peripheral nerve rather than the splanchnic nerves specifically." }] }, { "code" : "185608007", "display" : "Abnormal smear - 1st recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "NMF.AH.XH covers the cervical Pap smear procedure itself, which is the clinical act being performed at this recall visit. However, the ICHI code does not capture the administrative context of a follow-up recall after an abnormal result, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's full meaning." }] }, { "code" : "185609004", "display" : "Abnormal smear - 2nd recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Abnormal smear - 2nd recall\" is a repeat cervical Pap smear performed as a follow-up after two abnormal results; NMF.AH.XH covers the procedure itself (cervical Papanicolaou smear) but is broader because it does not encode the recall sequence or the reason of abnormality. ICHI has no codes distinguishing 1st, 2nd, or 3rd recall iterations." }] }, { "code" : "185610009", "display" : "Abnormal smear - 3rd recall", "target" : [{ "code" : "NMF.AH.XH", "display" : "Cervical papanicolaou smear", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Identical reasoning to the 2nd recall — the underlying procedure is a cervical Pap smear, which NMF.AH.XH captures, but ICHI does not encode recall ordinal or indication of abnormality, making it broader than this SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "313448001", "display" : "Absolute CD8 count procedure", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG2GV7", "display" : "Lymphocyte subtype enumeration: CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD15/26 cells", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers a panel of lymphocyte subtype enumerations (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD15/26 together), whereas the SNOMED concept refers specifically to counting CD8+ T-lymphocytes alone. ICHI is therefore broader than the targeted single-marker SNOMED procedure." }] }, { "code" : "229387006", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the ankle joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of ankle joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the ankle joint generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies \"accessory mobilization\" — a specific physiotherapy technique applying passive accessory joint movement. ICHI does not distinguish accessory from physiological mobilisation techniques, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "229410002", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the cervical spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBA.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of cervical spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the cervical spine generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies \"accessory mobilization\" — a distinct manual therapy technique. ICHI does not encode this level of technique specificity, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "229344008", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the elbow", "target" : [{ "code" : "MEJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of elbow joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI code covers mobilisation of the elbow joint generally, while the SNOMED concept specifies \"accessory mobilization\" — a passive accessory movement technique used in physiotherapy. ICHI does not differentiate technique subtypes, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229393003", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the forefoot", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The forefoot (metatarsal and tarsometatarsal joints) is anatomically part of the foot, so ICHI's code for mobilisation of any joint of the foot or toe encompasses the SNOMED concept. ICHI does not distinguish forefoot joints from other foot joints, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "229359002", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the hand", "target" : [{ "code" : "MGJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of finger or hand joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI groups hand and finger joints together in a single code, whereas the SNOMED concept targets the hand joints specifically; the ICHI code is therefore broader because it also covers finger joints." }] }, { "code" : "229392008", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the intertarsal joints", "target" : [{ "code" : "MOJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of joint of foot or toe", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Intertarsal joints are a subset of foot joints, and ICHI's mobilisation code covers all joints of the foot or toe without distinguishing between tarsal, metatarsal, or toe joints, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229380008", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the patellofemoral articulation", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no dedicated patellofemoral joint code; the patellofemoral articulation is one compartment of the knee, so the knee joint mobilisation code is broader than the SNOMED concept which targets only that articulation." }] }, { "code" : "229332005", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the shoulder", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of shoulder joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.PB.AH captures mobilisation of the shoulder joint, which is the correct target and action axis. \"Accessory mobilisation\" is a specific physiotherapy technique (passive accessory intervertebral/joint movement) that is a subtype of joint mobilisation, so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "229413000", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the thoracic spine", "target" : [{ "code" : "MBG.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of thoracic spine", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MBG.PB.AH correctly targets the thoracic spine with the mobilisation action axis, matching the anatomical site and procedure type. As with the shoulder, ICHI does not distinguish accessory (passive joint-play) from general mobilisation techniques, making the ICHI code broader." }] }, { "code" : "229379005", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the tibiofemoral joint", "target" : [{ "code" : "MMJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of knee joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The tibiofemoral joint is the primary articular compartment of the knee joint, so MMJ.PB.AH is the correct anatomical equivalent. ICHI uses the clinical term \"knee joint\" rather than the anatomical term \"tibiofemoral joint,\" and does not differentiate accessory from general mobilisation techniques, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "229352006", "display" : "Accessory mobilization of the wrist", "target" : [{ "code" : "MFJ.PB.AH", "display" : "Mobilisation of wrist joint", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MFJ.PB.AH correctly identifies the wrist joint as the target and mobilisation as the action, directly corresponding to the SNOMED concept's anatomical site and procedure type. The ICHI code does not distinguish accessory mobilisation from other mobilisation subtypes, making it wider." }] }, { "code" : "782740003", "display" : "Acellular processed cadaver allograft of peripheral nerve to peripheral nerve", "target" : [{ "code" : "ACA.ML.AA", "display" : "Peripheral nerve graft", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ACA.ML.AA covers peripheral nerve grafting as a broad category, which maps to the core surgical action here (nerve graft), but does not capture the specificity of the graft material being an acellular processed cadaver allograft — ICHI is coarser and does not differentiate graft subtypes at this level." }] }, { "code" : "70419009", "display" : "Acetabulectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Other partial ostectomy of pelvis", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The acetabulum is part of the pelvis (specifically the hip socket formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis), and acetabulectomy (excision of the acetabulum) maps best to partial ostectomy of the pelvis; however, ICHI does not have an acetabulum-specific code, making this a broader match. MKB.JK.AA (total ostectomy) was excluded as acetabulectomy is a partial resection." }] }, { "code" : "12237002", "display" : "Achillorrhaphy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.MK.AA", "display" : "Repair of tendon of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Achillorrhaphy is specifically repair (suture) of the Achilles tendon, which is a tendon of the lower leg; MNT.MK.AA covers repair of any tendon of the lower leg, making it broader than the Achilles-specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "367446003", "display" : "Achillotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MNT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of lower leg", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Achillotomy is surgical division (cutting) of the Achilles tendon; MNT.FB.AA covers open division of any tendon of the lower leg. The percutaneous variant was not chosen because Achillotomy implies an open incisional approach." }] }, { "code" : "440689004", "display" : "Acoustic heart sound recording and computer analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "HZZ.AI.AH", "display" : "Phonocardiogram", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HZZ.AI.AH covers phonocardiography (recording of heart sounds), which is the core of the SNOMED concept; ICHI does not specify the computer analysis component, so the ICHI code is slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "67800005", "display" : "Acoustic neurotomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "AAN.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of cranial nerve", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Acoustic neurotomy is surgical division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), while AAN.FB.AA covers division of any cranial nerve without specifying which one — broader since the specific target would require an extension code." }] }, { "code" : "241197002", "display" : "Acromioclavicular joint arthrogram", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDJ.BA.BB", "display" : "Shoulder arthrography", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MDJ.BA.BB covers contrast arthrography of the shoulder joint broadly, which encompasses the AC joint but is not specific to it (also includes the glenohumeral joint). ICHI has no AC-joint-specific arthrogram code." }] }, { "code" : "43102005", "display" : "Acromionectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "MDB.JJ.AA", "display" : "Partial ostectomy of bone of shoulder region", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Acromionectomy is removal of the acromion process — a partial excision of a shoulder-region bone — matching the action and target of MDB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider as it applies to any bone of the shoulder region." }] }, { "code" : "117305009", "display" : "Active brilliant orange KH stain method", "target" : [{ "code" : "XG30Q5", "display" : "Histopathology", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Brilliant orange KH (a histochemical staining technique) falls within histopathology; ICHI's XG30Q5 is the only available code covering histological tissue examination methods, broader since it captures the class of procedure but not the specific staining technique." }] }, { "code" : "441893003", "display" : "Active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation with use of inspiratory impedance threshold device", "target" : [{ "code" : "HT2.MC.AH", "display" : "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "HT2.MC.AH is the single ICHI code for CPR; it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not distinguish between standard CPR and the specific ACD-CPR technique combined with an inspiratory impedance threshold device." }] }, { "code" : "431917004", "display" : "Active core cooling of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SE.ZZ captures cooling of central (core) body temperature; ICHI does not distinguish active vs passive method or the specific intravascular technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "431208008", "display" : "Active core warming of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SD.BQ covers warming of central body temperature, directly corresponding to \"core\" warming. ICHI does not encode the active/internal means (warmed IV fluids, intravascular catheter), so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "431774007", "display" : "Active external cooling of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SE.ZZ", "display" : "Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.SE.ZZ represents cooling at the peripheral/surface level, corresponding to external cooling. ICHI does not distinguish active from passive external cooling (cooling blankets, ice packs), so the code is broader." }] }, { "code" : "431949004", "display" : "Active external warming of subject", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.SD.BQ covers peripheral/surface body warming, corresponding to external warming methods (warming blankets, forced-air warming). ICHI does not encode the active approach or device type, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "229267008", "display" : "Active foot movements", "target" : [{ "code" : "MTB.PG.ZZ", "display" : "Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MTB.PG.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for therapist-facilitated active joint mobility/ROM intervention. Broader because it applies to any joint without foot/ankle specificity and does not explicitly encode patient-active versus passive movement." }] }, { "code" : "400930007", "display" : "Active force generation test", "target" : [{ "code" : "MUB.AC.ZZ", "display" : "Test of muscle power", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Active force generation test\" is a specific functional test of muscle force output (dynamometry, MMT); MUB.AC.ZZ covers any test of muscle power without specifying the method or the \"active/force generation\" framing — broader." }] }, { "code" : "426152002", "display" : "Active radiant warming of infant", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.SD.BQ", "display" : "Warming of central body temperature", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.SD.BQ captures the therapeutic goal of warming body temperature; the ICHI code does not specify the radiant heat source modality, neonatal patient population, or active device-driven nature, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "45092003", "display" : "Activities of daily living training for the blind", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.PH.ZZ", "display" : "Training in self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's \"Training in self care, unspecified\" captures the ADL training dimension but is broader: it does not restrict to visually impaired persons, and self-care is a subset of ADL. No single ICHI code combines ADL training with visual disability." }] }, { "code" : "228650000", "display" : "Activity analysis", "target" : [{ "code" : "SDA.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of undertaking tasks", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Activity analysis is an OT assessment process examining demands and components of an activity; SDA.AA.ZZ is the closest structural match. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the analytical/breakdown methodology." }] }, { "code" : "422533001", "display" : "Activity of daily living needs assessment", "target" : [{ "code" : "SM1.AA.ZZ", "display" : "Assessment of self care, unspecified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Assessment of self care, unspecified\" is the closest match to an ADL needs assessment, broader because it does not specify a \"needs\" framing nor the full ADL scope beyond self-care." }] }, { "code" : "182615005", "display" : "Acupuncture for analgesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SP.AE", "display" : "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.SP.AE covers acupuncture via needle insertion, the correct technique for analgesic acupuncture, but is broader because it applies to acupuncture for any purpose and does not encode the pain-relief intent." }] }, { "code" : "182614009", "display" : "Acupuncture for anesthesia", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZX.SP.AE", "display" : "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZX.SP.AE is the correct technique code (percutaneous needle acupuncture) but broader because ICHI does not distinguish acupuncture performed specifically as a substitute for surgical anaesthesia." }] }, { "code" : "17984001", "display" : "Acute gastrointestinal blood loss imaging", "target" : [{ "code" : "KZZ.BA.BE", "display" : "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The SNOMED concept refers specifically to radionuclide/scintigraphic imaging to detect acute GI blood loss (tagged RBC scan); KZZ.BA.BE covers any nuclear imaging study of the GI tract regardless of indication, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "408951009", "display" : "Acute pain control management", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL4-AXA", "display" : "Interventions on pain", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no single code for \"acute pain service\" or multimodal pain management as a coordinated episode of care; the closest structural home is BlockL4-AXA (Interventions on pain), broader than the specific SNOMED concept of acute pain control as a management program." }] }, { "code" : "232475009", "display" : "Adams crushing of nasal septum", "target" : [{ "code" : "JAB.GA.AC", "display" : "Destruction of nasal septum", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Adams procedure is forcible digital/instrumental crushing of the nasal septum cartilage to correct deviation, a form of destruction/disruption of septal tissue; JAB.GA.AC is the closest match but broader as it includes any destructive method." }] }, { "code" : "444641000124106", "display" : "Adaptive eating device management", "target" : [{ "code" : "UAD.SM.ZZ", "display" : "Management of products and technology for personal use in daily living", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adaptive eating devices (modified utensils, plate guards) are assistive products for daily living; UAD.SM.ZZ aligns directly but is broader as it covers all personal daily-living assistive products rather than eating-specific devices." }] }, { "code" : "239627007", "display" : "Adductor tenotomy for congenital dislocation of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of hip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Division of tendon of hip captures the operative action (tenotomy) and anatomical site precisely, but is broader because it does not specify the adductor tendon nor the indication of congenital hip dislocation (DDH)." }] }, { "code" : "2337004", "display" : "Adductor tenotomy of hip", "target" : [{ "code" : "MKT.FB.AA", "display" : "Division of tendon of hip", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Division of tendon of hip is the correct structural match for an adductor tenotomy at the hip, but ICHI does not distinguish individual tendons within the hip region, making the code broader than the specific adductor tendon targeted." }] }, { "code" : "72185009", "display" : "Adductor transfer to ischium", "target" : [{ "code" : "MRM.LJ.AA", "display" : "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Closest available ICHI code for a muscle transfer; ICHI has no site-specific muscle transfer code for the pelvic/thigh region, so the unspecified-site code serves as an approximate match — broader in site and not capturing the ischium destination." }] }, { "code" : "119957008", "display" : "Adenoid closure", "target" : [{ "code" : "DAB.JK.AC", "display" : "Adenoidectomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "\"Adenoid closure\" refers to surgical reduction/ablation of adenoid tissue to restore nasopharyngeal patency, which aligns with adenoidectomy; the ICHI code implies total surgical removal rather than the technique-specific closure, making it slightly broader." }] }, { "code" : "119959006", "display" : "Adenoid reconstruction", "target" : [{ "code" : "BlockL5-DAB", "display" : "Interventions on adenoid", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The ICHI DAB block covers all interventions on the adenoid but contains no specific reconstruction (ML-action) category code — only adenoidectomy, biopsy, local excision, and haemorrhage control are defined. Assigning the block code is the closest available representation, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "1163432009", "display" : "Adenomyomectomy", "target" : [{ "code" : "NME.JI.AA", "display" : "Local excision of lesion of uterus", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Adenomyomectomy is surgical removal of an adenomyoma (a localised nodule of adenomyosis) from the uterus, which maps most closely to local excision of a lesion of the uterus. The ICHI code is broader because it covers any uterine lesion excision, not specifically adenomyoma excision." }] }, { "code" : "306983009", "display" : "Adjust mandibular resection prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "MAG.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of external appliance of mandible", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "MAG.SM.AH (management of external appliance of mandible) is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifically concerns adjusting a post-mandibulectomy resection prosthesis/obturator; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific prosthesis type." }] }, { "code" : "234872004", "display" : "Adjust orthodontic screw", "target" : [{ "code" : "KAE.SM.AC", "display" : "Management of external appliance of tooth", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "KAE.SM.AC covers management of external dental appliances, which encompasses adjustment of an orthodontic expansion screw as part of an orthodontic device, but the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any external tooth appliance rather than specifically an orthodontic screw." }] }, { "code" : "233488000", "display" : "Adjustment of arteriovenous fistula stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZA.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of arteriovenous shunt", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "IZA.SN.AF covers management of arteriovenous shunts (encompassing fistulas) but is broader than the SNOMED concept: it is not restricted to a stent specifically, and \"management\" covers a wider range of activities than stent adjustment." }] }, { "code" : "438544006", "display" : "Adjustment of cochlear implant processor", "target" : [{ "code" : "CCB.SM.AH", "display" : "Management of cochlear prosthetic device", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "CCB.SM.AH is the only ICHI code for interventions on the cochlear prosthetic device beyond insertion/removal/replacement, and it encompasses processor adjustment; \"management\" is broader than the specific focus on processor adjustment/programming." }] }, { "code" : "1354568006", "display" : "Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device of left eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.SN.AA covers management of an internal device in the anterior chamber (correct site for a glaucoma drainage implant), but is broader: it does not specify the suture-adjustment action or laterality (left), both of which can be appended via ICHI extension codes." }] }, { "code" : "1354569003", "display" : "Adjustment of stent suture within aqueous drainage device of right eye", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "BBE.SN.AA correctly targets the anterior chamber and an implanted internal device but is broader, omitting both the specific stent-suture adjustment action and the laterality (right eye)." }] }, { "code" : "417223000", "display" : "Adjustment of suture within Baerveldt tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Baerveldt tube is a glaucoma drainage implant seated in the anterior chamber; BBE.SN.AA is the appropriate ICHI code for managing such an internal device, but is broader — it does not specify the Baerveldt device, the suture-adjustment technique, or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "416618000", "display" : "Adjustment of suture within Molteno tube", "target" : [{ "code" : "BBE.SN.AA", "display" : "Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Molteno tube is an anterior-chamber glaucoma drainage implant; BBE.SN.AA is the best-fitting ICHI code for managing such an internal device but is broader because it does not specify the Molteno device, the suture-adjustment sub-action, or laterality." }] }, { "code" : "233236009", "display" : "Adjustment of systemic to pulmonary artery shunt", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specifically for adjusting a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt; IZE.SN.AF (management of vascular device, NEC) is the closest available category, broader than the specific shunt-adjustment SNOMED concept." }] }, { "code" : "233441004", "display" : "Adjustment of venous stent", "target" : [{ "code" : "IZE.SN.AF", "display" : "Management of vascular device, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no dedicated code for adjusting a venous stent; IZE.SN.AF is the closest category, covering post-placement management of vascular devices in general, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the venous stent target." }] }, { "code" : "173706007", "display" : "Adjustment to Angelchik prosthesis", "target" : [{ "code" : "KBF.SN.AA", "display" : "Adjustment of internal device of stomach via laparotomy", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The Angelchik prosthesis is a ring-shaped anti-reflux device placed around the gastro-oesophageal junction at the stomach level; KBF.SN.AA matches the nature of the intervention well but is broader because it covers any internal stomach device rather than the Angelchik device specifically." }] }, { "code" : "177604003", "display" : "Adjustment to skin expander in subcutaneous tissue", "target" : [{ "code" : "LZZ.SN.AE", "display" : "Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code specific to adjusting a tissue expander; LZZ.SN.AE is the best available match as a residual category for managing any internal device in skin and subcutaneous tissue, more broadly than the SNOMED term which names the tissue expander specifically." }] }, { "code" : "866177007", "display" : "Administration of antiarrhythmic drug via oral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AC captures oral pharmacotherapy administration to the whole body, matching the route axis precisely, but ICHI does not distinguish antiarrhythmic agents as a drug class — the code covers any oral drug, making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "68322007", "display" : "Administration of antibiotic", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no code for antibiotic administration as a distinct drug class; PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest structural match but is broader as it covers any pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class." }] }, { "code" : "363688001", "display" : "Administration of antineoplastic agent", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no antineoplastic-specific administration code and does not classify by oncology drug class; the route-unspecified pharmacotherapy code is the best structural match but is broader as it applies to any drug administered by any route." }] }, { "code" : "1290226008", "display" : "Administration of antineoplastic agent via intravenous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AF encodes intravenous pharmacotherapy administration, matching the route axis exactly; however, ICHI does not encode the antineoplastic drug class, so the code is broader in terms of the substance administered." }] }, { "code" : "1290228009", "display" : "Administration of antineoplastic agent via subcutaneous route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) is the closest route match for subcutaneous administration; the code is broader both in route granularity and because it does not restrict to antineoplastic agents." }] }, { "code" : "79724003", "display" : "Administration of antivenom", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Antivenom is an antibody-based immunological agent most commonly administered intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the closest available code but is wider because it covers any immunological agent delivered IV and constrains the route while the SNOMED concept leaves it unspecified." }] }, { "code" : "1208464009", "display" : "Administration of bebtelovimab", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Bebtelovimab is a monoclonal antibody administered intravenously, classified in ICHI as an immunological agent. The ICHI code is wider because it covers all intravenously administered immunological agents, not specifically this monoclonal antibody." }] }, { "code" : "409561002", "display" : "Administration of botulism antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Botulism antitoxin is an equine-derived antibody preparation (immunological agent) most commonly administered intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the closest ICHI code, though wider as it encompasses any immunological agent given IV." }] }, { "code" : "1162712003", "display" : "Administration of casirivimab", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Casirivimab is a monoclonal antibody (immunological agent) administered intravenously or subcutaneously; DTB.DB.AF captures the intravenous route and immunological agent class but is broader as it covers any immunological agent rather than this specific monoclonal antibody." }] }, { "code" : "78858009", "display" : "Administration of cortisone", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI does not have a dedicated code for corticosteroid or cortisone administration; PZA.DB.AZ is the best available match as a general whole-body pharmacotherapy code, substantially broader than the specific drug concept." }] }, { "code" : "711613003", "display" : "Administration of cytotoxic agent via oral route", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AC", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no specific chemotherapy or cytotoxic agent code; PZA.DB.AC is the closest match by both route (oral/per orifice) and pharmacotherapy class, though broader because it applies to any oral pharmacotherapy regardless of drug class." }] }, { "code" : "709534006", "display" : "Administration of depot contraception", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AE", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Depot contraception is typically administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (percutaneous routes); PZA.DB.AE is the best route-matched code, though broader as it applies to any percutaneous pharmacotherapy rather than specifically to hormonal contraceptive depots." }] }, { "code" : "51570005", "display" : "Administration of diphtheria antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Diphtheria antitoxin is a passive immunisation product (immunological agent) classically given intravenously; DTB.DB.AF is the best ICHI match by both route and agent class but is substantially broader, covering all intravenous administration of any immunological agent." }] }, { "code" : "433215005", "display" : "Administration of drug or medicament by intravenous push", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AF", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI's means code AF (percutaneous transluminal) covers intravascular delivery including IV administration. The code is broader: it does not encode the bolus/push technique nor restrict to any specific drug." }] }, { "code" : "231259006", "display" : "Administration of epidural test dose", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "The epidural space is within the spinal canal, and epidural test doses are injected anaesthetic agents. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any anaesthetic injection into the spinal canal and does not capture the specific \"test dose\" intent." }] }, { "code" : "231260001", "display" : "Administration of epidural top-up", "target" : [{ "code" : "ABG.DC.AE", "display" : "Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "An epidural top-up is an additional injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (epidural space), mapping to the same ICHI code; the ICHI code is wider because it does not distinguish between initial dose, test dose, or top-up administrations." }] }, { "code" : "50060151000188108", "display" : "Administration of epinephrine", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI has no epinephrine- or adrenaline-specific code; the generic pharmacotherapy code is used because the SNOMED concept does not specify a route. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any drug administered by any route." }] }, { "code" : "817965009", "display" : "Administration of ergometrine and oxytocin", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.DB.AZ", "display" : "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "ICHI contains no codes for specific uterotonic agents such as ergometrine, oxytocin, or their combination (Syntometrine); the generic pharmacotherapy code is the best available match, wider as it covers any pharmacotherapy by any route." }] }, { "code" : "11728004", "display" : "Administration of gas gangrene antitoxin", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Gas gangrene antitoxin is a heterologous immunological agent (passive immunization product) administered parenterally; DTB.DB.AF covers all immunological agents given intravenously, broader than this specific antitoxin." }] }, { "code" : "21652003", "display" : "Administration of heavy metal antagonist", "target" : [{ "code" : "PZA.TE.ZZ", "display" : "Detoxification", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Chelation therapy with a heavy metal antagonist is a specific modality of detoxification; PZA.TE.ZZ is the only ICHI code representing detoxification, but it covers all detoxification approaches (alcohol, drugs, metals), making it broader." }] }, { "code" : "117103007", "display" : "Administration of human immune globulin product", "target" : [{ "code" : "DTB.DB.AF", "display" : "Intravenous administration of immunological agent", "equivalence" : "wider", "comment" : "Human immune globulin (IVIG/SCIG) is an immunological agent; DTB.DB.AF covers intravenous administration of any immunological agent, the standard route for IVIG, but encompasses all immunological agents rather than being specific to immunoglobulin products." }] }] }] }